{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":2,"id":"book-02","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας β","translated":"Book 2 — The Assembly at Ithaca; Telemachus Sets Sail"},"section":"The Telemachy","summary":"Telemachus calls the first assembly in twenty years and asks the suitors to go. They mock him. Athena finds him a ship, and he sails by night.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2","lines":434},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b2-l1","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born Dawn appeared, rosy-fingered,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς","title":"Standard dawn-formula","body":"This whole line is a recurring formulaic verse opening a new day. 'Rosy-fingered Dawn' is a fixed epithet-noun pairing."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"Epic epithet fixed with Dawn; formulaic, not freely applied to other nouns."},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"Classic Homeric formula 'rosy-fingered Dawn,' repeated verbatim throughout the epic."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b2-l2","source":"ὤρνυτʼ ἄρʼ ἐξ εὐνῆφιν Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱὸς","translation":"the dear son of Odysseus rose from his bed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤρνυτ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up","note":"Middle voice ὤρνυτο: he roused himself, stressing his own action of getting up."},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"εὐνῆφιν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"his bed","note":"Rare instrumental/ablative -φιν ending on εὐνή, an old Greek case-form surviving in epic diction."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤρνυτ᾽","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b2-l3","source":"εἵματα ἑσσάμενος, περὶ δὲ ξίφος ὀξὺ θέτʼ ὤμῳ,","translation":"put on his clothes, and slung his sharp sword over his shoulder,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑσσάμενος","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"ἑσσάμενος","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤρνυτ᾽","gloss":"having put on","note":"Aorist middle participle: he dressed himself, action completed before the main verb."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέτ᾽","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"θέτ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slung","note":"περὶ...θέτο is a 'tmesis': the preposition is separated from its verb, common in epic verse."},{"surface":"ὤμῳ","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b2-l4","source":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,","translation":"and beneath his shining feet bound his fine sandals,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"λιπαροῖσιν","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound on"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b2-l5","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἐκ θαλάμοιο θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος ἄντην.","translation":"and went out from his chamber, in face like a god.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go","note":"Infinitive of purpose after βῆ ('went to go'), a common Homeric idiom for setting out."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θαλάμοιο","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chamber"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιος","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like","note":"θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος 'like a god' is a stock Homeric comparison praising a hero's bearing."},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"in face"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b2-l6","source":"αἶψα δὲ κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσε","translation":"At once he ordered the clear-voiced heralds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέλευσε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κηρύκεσσι","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κέλευσε","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"λιγυφθόγγοισι","lemma":"λιγύφθογγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κηρύκεσσι","gloss":"clear-voiced"},{"surface":"κέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b2-l7","source":"κηρύσσειν ἀγορήνδε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"to summon the long-haired Achaeans to assembly.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κηρύσσειν","lemma":"κηρύσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσε","gloss":"to summon"},{"surface":"ἀγορήνδε","lemma":"ἀγορήνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κηρύσσειν","gloss":"to assembly"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντας","gloss":"head","note":"κάρη κομόωντας 'long-haired' is a fixed heroic epithet for the Achaeans, describing warrior hairstyle."},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κηρύσσειν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b2-l8","source":"οἱ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον, τοὶ δʼ ἠγείροντο μάλʼ ὦκα.","translation":"They made the summons, and the people gathered very quickly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μὲν ... δʼ","title":"men ... de contrast","body":"The particles set 'they (the heralds)' against 'the others (the people)', a balanced 'on the one hand / on the other' structure common in Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκήρυσσον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐκήρυσσον","lemma":"κηρύσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made the summons"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠγείροντο","gloss":"the others","note":"οἱ...τοὶ δ' is a classic Homeric μέν/δέ split: 'these... those...' contrasting two groups."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠγείροντο","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠγείροντο","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b2-l9","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἤγερθεν ὁμηγερέες τʼ ἐγένοντο,","translation":"But when they had assembled and were gathered together,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤγερθεν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"had assembled","note":"Aorist passive of ἀγείρω 'were gathered'; paired with ἐγένοντο for emphatic doubling of the idea."},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέες","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b2-l10","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν εἰς ἀγορήν, παλάμῃ δʼ ἔχε χάλκεον ἔγχος,","translation":"he set out to go to the assembly, holding a bronze spear in his hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορήν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"παλάμῃ","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"in his hand"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b2-l11","source":"οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω κύνες ἀργοὶ ἕποντο.","translation":"not alone: two swift hounds followed along with him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"hounds","note":"κύνες ἀργοί, swift hunting dogs, a realistic domestic detail marking Telemachus's household."},{"surface":"ἀργοὶ","lemma":"ἀργός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b2-l12","source":"θεσπεσίην δʼ ἄρα τῷ γε χάριν κατέχευεν Ἀθήνη.","translation":"And Athena poured a marvelous grace over him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κατέχευεν","title":"Aorist of pouring grace","body":"The verb is aorist (a completed past action), a vivid image of divine grace poured down over Telemachus like a liquid."}],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπεσίην","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χάριν","gloss":"marvelous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέχευεν","gloss":"on him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέχευεν","gloss":"grace","note":"Athena bestowing physical 'grace/charm' on a hero is a recurring divine-favor motif in Homer."},{"surface":"κατέχευεν","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κατέχευεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b2-l13","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρα πάντες λαοὶ ἐπερχόμενον θηεῦντο·","translation":"All the people gazed in wonder at him as he came;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θηεῦντο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θηεῦντο","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ἐπερχόμενον","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies θηεῦντο","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"θηεῦντο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gazed in wonder"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b2-l14","source":"ἕζετο δʼ ἐν πατρὸς θώκῳ, εἶξαν δὲ γέροντες.","translation":"he sat in his father's seat, and the elders made way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θώκῳ","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"θώκῳ","lemma":"θᾶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"εἶξαν","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made way","note":"εἴκω 'yield' — elders rising to let the young Telemachus take his father's seat, a mark of respect."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντες","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶξαν","gloss":"elders"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b2-l15","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἥρως Αἰγύπτιος ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν,","translation":"Then the hero Aegyptius was first among them to speak,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύειν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦρχ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἰγύπτιος","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Αἰγύπτιος","lemma":"Αἰγύπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦρχ᾽","gloss":"Aegyptius"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύειν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἦρχ᾽","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b2-l16","source":"ὃς δὴ γήραϊ κυφὸς ἔην καὶ μυρία ᾔδη.","translation":"a man bent with age, who knew countless things.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γήραϊ","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κυφὸς","gloss":"with age"},{"surface":"κυφὸς","lemma":"κυφός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μυρία","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"countless things"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"knew","note":"ᾔδη is pluperfect in form but functions as a simple past 'knew,' a quirk of the verb οἶδα."}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b2-l17","source":"καὶ γὰρ τοῦ φίλος υἱὸς ἅμʼ ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι","translation":"For his own dear son had gone with godlike Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέῳ","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆι","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆι","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus","note":"ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι 'godlike Odysseus' is his standard heroic epithet used repeatedly across the poem."}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b2-l18","source":"Ἴλιον εἰς ἐύπωλον ἔβη κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσίν,","translation":"to Ilium of fine horses, in the hollow ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Ilium"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἐύπωλον","lemma":"εὔπωλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἴλιον","gloss":"of fine horses","note":"εὔπωλος 'rich in horses/foals' is a traditional epithet for Troy/Ilium."},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"κοίλῃς","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσίν","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσίν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b2-l19","source":"Ἄντιφος αἰχμητής· τὸν δʼ ἄγριος ἔκτανε Κύκλωψ","translation":"the spearman Antiphus; the savage Cyclops killed him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄντιφος","lemma":"Ἄντιφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Antiphus"},{"surface":"αἰχμητής","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄντιφος","gloss":"spearman"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκτανε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγριος","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κύκλωψ","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"ἔκτανε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτανε","gloss":"Cyclops","note":"Reference to Polyphemus devouring Odysseus's men, recounted later in Book 9."}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b2-l20","source":"ἐν σπῆι γλαφυρῷ, πύματον δʼ ὡπλίσσατο δόρπον.","translation":"in the hollow cave, and made him his last supper.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπῆι","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῷ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπῆι","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"πύματον","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρπον","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡπλίσσατο","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"complement of ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"supper","note":"Grim understatement: 'made his last supper' means the Cyclops ate the son as his final meal."}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b2-l21","source":"τρεῖς δέ οἱ ἄλλοι ἔσαν, καὶ ὁ μὲν μνηστῆρσιν ὁμίλει,","translation":"He had three other sons, and one kept company with the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμίλει","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ὁμίλει","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept company with"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b2-l22","source":"Εὐρύνομος, δύο δʼ αἰὲν ἔχον πατρώια ἔργα.","translation":"Eurynomus, while two always worked their father's lands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύνομος","lemma":"Εὐρύνομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurynomus"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχον","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"worked"},{"surface":"πατρώια","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"lands"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b2-l23","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὣς τοῦ λήθετʼ ὀδυρόμενος καὶ ἀχεύων.","translation":"Yet even so he did not forget that one, mourning and grieving.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λήθετ᾽","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"λήθετ","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forgot","note":"λανθάνομαι + genitive 'forget (of)': the old man still grieves for the lost son, unlike the others."},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"mourning"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀχεύων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"grieving"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b2-l24","source":"τοῦ ὅ γε δάκρυ χέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε·","translation":"Shedding tears for him, he spoke up and addressed them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δάκρυ χέων","title":"Participle of manner","body":"'Shedding a tear' is a present participle describing how he speaks, a typical Homeric way of layering an attendant action onto the main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χέων","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέων","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"shedding"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed them"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b2-l25","source":"κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν\n                     εἴπω·","translation":"\"Hear me now, men of Ithaca, whatever I shall say.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κέκλυτε","title":"Reduplicated imperative","body":"An aorist imperative with reduplication, a solemn poetic command form: 'hear me!' It opens many public speeches in the Odyssey."}],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυτε, an old imperative form of κλύω, opens formal public speeches in Homer."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκλυτε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ἰθακήσιοι","lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"men of Ithaca"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of κέκλυτε","gloss":"I shall say"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b2-l26","source":"οὔτε ποθʼ ἡμετέρη ἀγορὴ γένετʼ οὔτε θόωκος","translation":"Never has there been an assembly of ours or a session","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ποθ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρη","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορὴ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of οὔτε","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"θόωκος","lemma":"θόωκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"session","note":"θόωκος 'council-session,' distinct from ἀγορή 'assembly,' emphasizing no formal meeting has occurred."}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b2-l27","source":"ἐξ οὗ Ὀδυσσεὺς δῖος ἔβη κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσί.","translation":"since godlike Odysseus departed in the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"κοίλῃς","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσί","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσί","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b2-l28","source":"νῦν δὲ τίς ὧδʼ ἤγειρε; τίνα χρειὼ τόσον ἵκει","translation":"Who has now called us together so? What such need has come","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγειρε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤγειρε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγειρε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἤγειρε","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called together"},{"surface":"τίνα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκει","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"χρειὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἵκει","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come","note":"τίνα χρειὼ...ἵκει 'what need has come upon him' — idiomatic Homeric phrasing for urgent necessity."}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b2-l29","source":"ἠὲ νέων ἀνδρῶν ἢ οἳ προγενέστεροί εἰσιν;","translation":"upon any of the young men, or upon those who are older?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either/whether"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσιν","gloss":"those who","note":"ὅς here is the relative used as a substantive, 'those who' — common Homeric shift."},{"surface":"προγενέστεροί","lemma":"προγενής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"older"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b2-l30","source":"ἠέ τινʼ ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ ἔκλυεν ἐρχομένοιο,","translation":"Has he heard some report of an army on the march,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκλυεν","gloss":"report/news"},{"surface":"στρατοῦ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"of an army"},{"surface":"ἔκλυεν","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has he heard","note":"κλύω here governs the accusative ἀγγελίην ('a report') as its direct object, with στρατοῦ ('of an army') a genitive modifying that noun, not itself the object of κλύω."},{"surface":"ἐρχομένοιο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies στρατοῦ","gloss":"marching, on the march"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b2-l31","source":"ἥν χʼ ἡμῖν σάφα εἴποι, ὅτε πρότερός γε πύθοιτο;","translation":"which he might tell us clearly, since he learned of it first?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l31.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴποι ... πύθοιτο","title":"Optatives of possibility","body":"Both verbs are optative, expressing a hypothetical 'might tell / had learned' rather than a fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἴποι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)","note":"χ' = ἄν/κε eliding before a vowel; marks the optative as potential, 'might tell.'"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴποι","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴποι","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"εἴποι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀγγελίην","gloss":"might tell"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since, when"},{"surface":"πρότερός","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"πύθοιτο","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"learned of it","note":"πυνθάνομαι: 'learn by inquiry' — optative here for a general/hypothetical past occasion."}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b2-l32","source":"ἦέ τι δήμιον ἄλλο πιφαύσκεται ἠδʼ ἀγορεύει;","translation":"Or is there some other public matter he means to declare and speak of?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"δήμιον","lemma":"δήμιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"public"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πιφαύσκεται","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"means to declare","note":"πιφαύσκω, 'make known/proclaim' — reduplicated present stem, an epic-flavored verb of announcing."},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύει","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks of"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b2-l33","source":"ἐσθλός μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι, ὀνήμενος. εἴθε οἱ αὐτῷ","translation":"He seems to me a good man, and blessed. May Zeus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλός","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good/noble"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκεῖ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δοκεῖ","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκεῖ","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ὀνήμενος","lemma":"ὀνίνημι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"blessed, favored","note":"ὀνήμενος from ὀνίνημι, 'benefit/profit' — perfect/aorist middle participle, 'one who has been blessed.'"},{"surface":"εἴθε","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that! O that!","note":"εἴθε introduces a wish clause completed by the optative τελέσειεν in the next line."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τελέσειεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b2-l34","source":"Ζεὺς ἀγαθὸν τελέσειεν, ὅτι φρεσὶν ᾗσι μενοινᾷ.","translation":"bring to fulfillment for him the good that he intends in his heart.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τελέσειεν","title":"Optative of wish","body":"The aorist optative here expresses a prayer or wish: 'may Zeus accomplish.' The optative is Homer's standard mood for blessings."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσειεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"good (thing)"},{"surface":"τελέσειεν","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring to fulfillment","note":"aorist optative of wish (with εἴθε above): 'may Zeus fulfill.'"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of μενοινᾷ","gloss":"that which"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of μενοινᾷ","gloss":"in his heart","note":"φρήν, lit. 'midriff/heart' — the Homeric seat of thought and intention."},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μενοινᾷ","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"intends"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b2-l35","source":"ὣς φάτο, χαῖρε δὲ φήμῃ Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός,","translation":"So he spoke, and the dear son of Odysseus rejoiced at the omen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φάτο, an athematic epic aorist middle of φημί — common formulaic line-opener."},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φήμῃ","lemma":"φήμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of χαῖρε","gloss":"at the omen"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαῖρε","gloss":"son","note":"'dear son of Odysseus' — a formulaic epithet phrase for Telemachus."}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b2-l36","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν ἧστο, μενοίνησεν δʼ ἀγορεύειν,","translation":"and no longer sat still, but was eager to speak.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"still, any longer"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἧστο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat","note":"ἧστο, pluperfect (with imperfect force) of ἧμαι, 'sit' — describes his prior seated state."},{"surface":"μενοίνησεν","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was eager"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύειν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μενοίνησεν","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b2-l37","source":"στῆ δὲ μέσῃ ἀγορῇ· σκῆπτρον δέ οἱ ἔμβαλε χειρὶ","translation":"He stood up in the middle of the assembly; the herald put the staff","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέσῃ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορῇ","gloss":"in the middle of"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of στῆ","gloss":"the assembly"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"staff, scepter","note":"σκῆπτρον, the herald's staff placed in a speaker's hand — a formal sign granting the right to speak."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"in his hand"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b2-l38","source":"κῆρυξ Πεισήνωρ πεπνυμένα μήδεα εἰδώς.","translation":"into his hand, Pisenor, who knew wise counsels.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πεισήνωρ","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"Πεισήνωρ","lemma":"Πεισήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"Pisenor"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένα","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies μήδεα","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"μήδεα","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πεισήνωρ","gloss":"knowing","note":"εἰδώς, perfect active participle of οἶδα with present sense 'knowing' — very common epic participle."}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b2-l39","source":"πρῶτον ἔπειτα γέροντα καθαπτόμενος προσέειπεν·","translation":"First, then, addressing the old man, he said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"καθαπτόμενος","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"addressing","note":"καθαπτόμενος, lit. 'laying hold of' (with words) — idiom for turning to address someone directly."},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b2-l40","source":"ὦ γέρον, οὐχ ἑκὰς οὗτος ἀνήρ, τάχα δʼ εἴσεαι\n                     αὐτός,","translation":"\"Old man, that man is not far off—you yourself will soon know him—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"vocative γέρον, direct address — 'ὦ γέρον' is a standard formula opening a speech to an elder."},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσεαι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσεαι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will know","note":"εἴσεαι, future of οἶδα, 'you will know/recognize' — same root as εἰδώς above."},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b2-l41","source":"ὃς λαὸν ἤγειρα· μάλιστα δέ μʼ ἄλγος ἱκάνει.","translation":"who called the people together: it is I, on whom grief most weighs.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤγειρα","gloss":"who","note":"ὃς λαὸν ἤγειρα, lit. 'who gathered the people' — Telemachus refers to himself in the third person via the relative before switching to 'I.'"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤγειρα","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἤγειρα","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνήρ","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνει","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄλγος","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weighs upon, comes to"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b2-l42","source":"οὔτε τινʼ ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ ἔκλυον ἐρχομένοιο,","translation":"I have not heard any report of an army on the march","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίην","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκλυον","gloss":"report/news"},{"surface":"στρατοῦ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγγελίην","gloss":"of an army"},{"surface":"ἔκλυον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have I heard"},{"surface":"ἐρχομένοιο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies στρατοῦ","gloss":"marching, on the march"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b2-l43","source":"ἥν χʼ ὑμῖν σάφα εἴπω, ὅτε πρότερός γε πυθοίμην,","translation":"which I might tell you clearly, having learned of it first,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπω","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀγγελίην","gloss":"might tell","note":"εἴπω, aorist subjunctive here (1st sg.) rather than optative — subjunctive + κε gives the same potential 'might' sense in a future-oriented clause."},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since, when"},{"surface":"πρότερός","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"πυθοίμην","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"learned of it"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b2-l44","source":"οὔτε τι δήμιον ἄλλο πιφαύσκομαι οὐδʼ ἀγορεύω,","translation":"nor do I declare or speak of any other public matter,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of οὐδ᾽","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"δήμιον","lemma":"δήμιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"public"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πιφαύσκομαι","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do I declare"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do I speak of"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b2-l45","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ χρεῖος, ὅ μοι κακὰ ἔμπεσεν οἴκῳ","translation":"but of my own need, the evil that has fallen on my house—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρεῖος","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρεῖος","gloss":"of my own"},{"surface":"χρεῖος","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"need, matter","note":"χρεῖος, 'a need/business (of one's own)' — Telemachus contrasts private trouble with public affairs."},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμπεσεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"ἔμπεσεν","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χρεῖος","gloss":"has fallen"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπεσεν","gloss":"on my house"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b2-l46","source":"δοιά· τὸ μὲν πατέρʼ ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα, ὅς ποτʼ ἐν ὑμῖν","translation":"twofold: first, I have lost my noble father, who once among you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοιά","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"twofold"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπώλεσα","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(marks first item)"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώλεσα","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσα","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have lost"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b2-l47","source":"τοίσδεσσιν βασίλευε, πατὴρ δʼ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν·","translation":"here was king, and was gentle as a father;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l47.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πατὴρ δʼ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν","title":"Homeric verb form","body":"ἦεν is the Homeric form of the imperfect 'was' (later ἦν). Such archaic forms are a regular feature of epic diction."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοίσδεσσιν","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὑμῖν","gloss":"these men","note":"τοίσδεσσιν, epic dative plural of ὅδε with extended -εσσι ending — a Homeric formation, 'these men here.'"},{"surface":"βασίλευε","lemma":"βασιλεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"was king, ruled"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἤπιος","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b2-l48","source":"νῦν δʼ αὖ καὶ πολὺ μεῖζον, ὃ δὴ τάχα οἶκον ἅπαντα","translation":"and now, again, a far greater thing, which soon will utterly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μεῖζον","gloss":"much, far"},{"surface":"μεῖζον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαρραίσει","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διαρραίσει","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"whole, entire"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b2-l49","source":"πάγχυ διαρραίσει, βίοτον δʼ ἀπὸ πάμπαν ὀλέσσει.","translation":"shatter my whole house and destroy my living altogether.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διαρραίσει","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"διαρραίσει","lemma":"διαρραίω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"will shatter","note":"διαρραίσει, future of διαρραίω, 'shatter/wreck utterly' — vivid, rare verb underscoring the scale of ruin threatened."},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσσει","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away, off"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσσει","gloss":"altogether"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσει","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"will destroy"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b2-l50","source":"μητέρι μοι μνηστῆρες ἐπέχραον οὐκ ἐθελούσῃ,","translation":"Suitors press upon my mother against her will,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητέρι","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέχραον","gloss":"my mother"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μητέρι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐπέχραον","lemma":"ἐπιχράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"press upon, besiege","note":"ἐπιχράω, 'set upon/press hard' — strong verb for the suitors' unwanted, aggressive courtship."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθελούσῃ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"modifies μητέρι","gloss":"willing","note":"οὐκ ἐθελούσῃ, 'not willing' — dative agreeing with μητέρι, stressing Penelope's unwillingness."}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b2-l51","source":"τῶν ἀνδρῶν φίλοι υἷες, οἳ ἐνθάδε γʼ εἰσὶν ἄριστοι,","translation":"the dear sons of those men who are the noblest here,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of those"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσὶν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσὶν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noblest, best"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b2-l52","source":"οἳ πατρὸς μὲν ἐς οἶκον ἀπερρίγασι νέεσθαι","translation":"who shrink from going to the house of her father","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπερρίγασι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"of her father"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἀπερρίγασι","lemma":"ἀπορριγέω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"shrink from","note":"ἀπορριγέω, 'shudder away from/dread' — rare compound verb, vividly conveying the suitors' reluctance to formally court her at her father's house."},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀπερρίγασι","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b2-l53","source":"Ἰκαρίου, ὥς κʼ αὐτὸς ἐεδνώσαιτο θύγατρα,","translation":"Icarius, so that he himself might dower his daughter","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰκαρίου","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"Icarius"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐεδνώσαιτο","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἐεδνώσαιτο","lemma":"ἑδνόω","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"might dower, give bride-gifts for","note":"ἑδνόω describes a father endowing his daughter with a dowry when giving her in marriage; here Icarius himself (not a groom) is the subject who would dower her, the reverse of a suitor paying bride-price."},{"surface":"θύγατρα","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐεδνώσαιτο","gloss":"his daughter"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b2-l54","source":"δοίη δʼ ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλοι καί οἱ κεχαρισμένος ἔλθοι·","translation":"and give her to whom he wished, whoever came pleasing to him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"might give"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐθέλοι","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καί","gloss":"he wished"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κεχαρισμένος","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κεχαρισμένος","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pleasing, favored","note":"κεχαρισμένος, perfect middle participle of χαρίζομαι, 'having found favor' — describes the suitor who wins the father's goodwill."},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καί","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b2-l55","source":"οἱ δʼ εἰς ἡμέτερον πωλεύμενοι ἤματα πάντα,","translation":"Instead they keep coming to our house, day after day,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"they","note":"οἱ used as a personal pronoun 'they' (not the article) — a common Homeric usage predating classical article function."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, instead"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"πωλεύμενοι","lemma":"πωλέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"frequenting, haunting","note":"πωλεύμενοι, 'coming and going repeatedly' — iterative-feeling middle participle showing the suitors' constant, unwelcome presence."},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πωλεύμενοι","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all, every"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b2-l56","source":"βοῦς ἱερεύοντες καὶ ὄις καὶ πίονας αἶγας","translation":"slaughtering our oxen and sheep and fat goats,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"oxen"},{"surface":"ἱερεύοντες","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"slaughtering","note":"ἱερεύω, lit. 'sacrifice/slaughter (an animal)' — here used for the suitors' wasteful feasting, not proper ritual sacrifice."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄις","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίονας","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b2-l57","source":"εἰλαπινάζουσιν πίνουσί τε αἴθοπα οἶνον","translation":"they feast and drink the gleaming wine","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰλαπινάζουσιν","lemma":"εἰλαπινάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feast","note":"denominative verb from εἰλαπίνη 'feast' — 'to hold a feast.'"},{"surface":"πίνουσί","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming, fiery","note":"epic epithet for wine, lit. 'fire-faced'; formulaic with οἶνον."},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πίνουσί","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b2-l58","source":"μαψιδίως· τὰ δὲ πολλὰ κατάνεται. οὐ γὰρ ἔπʼ ἀνήρ,","translation":"recklessly; and much is consumed. For there is no man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαψιδίως","lemma":"μαψίδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πίνουσί","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies πολλὰ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of κατάνεται","gloss":"much (of it)"},{"surface":"κατάνεται","lemma":"κατάνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is consumed","note":"middle-passive κατάνεται, 'is used up/wasted away.'"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon, at hand","note":"ἔπι = ἔπεστι 'is here'; elided prepositional adverb standing for a verb."},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b2-l59","source":"οἷος Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔσκεν, ἀρὴν ἀπὸ οἴκου ἀμῦναι.","translation":"such as Odysseus was, to ward off ruin from the house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσκεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔσκεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνήρ","gloss":"was","note":"ἔσκεν: iterative-imperfect form of εἰμί, epic 'used to be.'"},{"surface":"ἀρὴν","lemma":"ἀρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμῦναι","gloss":"ruin, curse"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οἴκου","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἀμῦναι","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies","gloss":"to ward off"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b2-l60","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ οὔ νύ τι τοῖοι ἀμυνέμεν· ἦ καὶ ἔπειτα","translation":"We are not such as to fend it off; and even hereafter","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now, at all"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τοῖοι","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such (men)","note":"predicate adj. τοῖοι agrees with ἡμεῖς: 'we are not such [men].'"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to fend off","note":"epic present infinitive ending -έμεν, alt. to -ειν."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even, also"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσόμεσθα","gloss":"hereafter"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b2-l61","source":"λευγαλέοι τʼ ἐσόμεσθα καὶ οὐ δεδαηκότες ἀλκήν.","translation":"we shall be wretched and untrained in defense.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λευγαλέοι","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσόμεσθα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δεδαηκότες","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"skilled, knowing","note":"perfect participle of δάω 'learn' used with present sense: 'having learned' = 'skilled/knowing.' The negation ('untrained') comes from the preceding οὐ, not from δεδαηκότες itself."},{"surface":"ἀλκήν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεδαηκότες","gloss":"defense"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b2-l62","source":"ἦ τʼ ἂν ἀμυναίμην, εἴ μοι δύναμίς γε παρείη.","translation":"Truly I would defend myself, if only the power were in me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l62.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀμυναίμην ... παρείη","title":"Future less vivid condition","body":"The optatives with ἄν mark a remote or hypothetical condition: Telemachus imagines what he would do if only the power were his — without asserting that it definitely is not. εἰ + optative (παρείη) with optative + ἄν (ἀμυναίμην) in the apodosis is the standard Greek future less vivid (remote hypothetical) condition, not a present contrary-to-fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀμυναίμην","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"aorist optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would defend","note":"aorist optative + ἄν: potential 'I would defend myself.'"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρείη","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δύναμίς","lemma":"δύναμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρείη","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"παρείη","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"were present","note":"optative of πάρειμι in the 'if' clause, matching ἀμυναίμην for a contrary-to-fact wish."}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b2-l63","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀνσχετὰ ἔργα τετεύχαται, οὐδʼ ἔτι καλῶς","translation":"For deeds no longer bearable have been done, and no longer well","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνσχετὰ","gloss":"still, any longer"},{"surface":"ἀνσχετὰ","lemma":"ἀνσχετός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"bearable"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τετεύχαται","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"τετεύχαται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have been done","note":"perfect passive of τεύχω, 'have been wrought' — stresses the lasting result."},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καλῶς","gloss":"still, any longer"},{"surface":"καλῶς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶκος","gloss":"well"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b2-l64","source":"οἶκος ἐμὸς διόλωλε. νεμεσσήθητε καὶ αὐτοί,","translation":"has my house been ruined. Feel indignation yourselves,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l64.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νεμεσσήθητε","title":"Aorist passive imperative","body":"An aorist imperative with passive form, a strong appeal: 'be filled with indignation!' Telemachus calls the people to moral outrage."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκος","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of διόλωλε","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"διόλωλε","lemma":"διόλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been ruined","note":"perfect of διόλλυμι, emphasizing the house's ruin is now complete."},{"surface":"νεμεσσήθητε","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"aorist passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feel indignation"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also, even","note":"καὶ αὐτοί = 'you too/yourselves'; the 'yourselves' sense belongs to αὐτοί (next word), not to καὶ alone."},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of νεμεσσήθητε","gloss":"yourselves"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b2-l65","source":"ἄλλους τʼ αἰδέσθητε περικτίονας ἀνθρώπους,","translation":"and have shame before the other neighboring peoples","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδέσθητε","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"aorist passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feel shame"},{"surface":"περικτίονας","lemma":"περικτίονες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"neighboring"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b2-l66","source":"οἳ περιναιετάουσι· θεῶν δʼ ὑποδείσατε μῆνιν,","translation":"who dwell around us; and dread the wrath of the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of περιναιετάουσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περιναιετάουσι","lemma":"περιναιετάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"dwell around"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ὑποδείσατε","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dread","note":"aorist imperative ὑποδείσατε; the ὑπο- prefix here is attenuating/intensifying ('be somewhat afraid of, stand in dread of'), not temporal — it does not mean 'fear beforehand.'"},{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑποδείσατε","gloss":"wrath"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b2-l67","source":"μή τι μεταστρέψωσιν ἀγασσάμενοι κακὰ ἔργα.","translation":"lest they turn things around in anger at evil deeds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεταστρέψωσιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μεταστρέψωσιν","lemma":"μεταστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"turn back, reverse"},{"surface":"ἀγασσάμενοι","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μεταστρέψωσιν","gloss":"being angered at","note":"participle of ἄγαμαι 'feel indignation/anger at,' explaining the gods' motive."},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγασσάμενοι","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b2-l68","source":"λίσσομαι ἠμὲν Ζηνὸς Ὀλυμπίου ἠδὲ Θέμιστος,","translation":"I implore you, by Olympian Zeus and by Themis,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσομαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I implore"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both","note":"correlative ἠμέν...ἠδέ = 'both...and,' epic pairing."},{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"Ὀλυμπίου","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζηνὸς","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θέμιστος","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"of Themis","note":"Themis: goddess of law/custom, personifying divine order in assemblies."}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b2-l69","source":"ἥ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ἀγορὰς ἠμὲν λύει ἠδὲ καθίζει·","translation":"who both dissolves the assemblies of men and seats them:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγορὰς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἀγορὰς","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"assemblies"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"λύει","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"dissolves"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθίζει","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"convenes, seats","note":"καθίζει 'seats/convenes'; paired with λύει for the goddess's power over the assembly's start and end."}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b2-l70","source":"σχέσθε, φίλοι, καί μʼ οἶον ἐάσατε πένθεϊ λυγρῷ","translation":"hold back, friends, and leave me alone to waste away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέσθε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends","note":"vocative address; φίλοι (an adjective used substantively) modifies an implied/elided noun such as 'men' — φίλοι itself already supplies the term of endearment."},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τείρεσθ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μ᾽","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐάσατε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allow, leave"},{"surface":"πένθεϊ","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τείρεσθ᾽","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"λυγρῷ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθεϊ","gloss":"bitter"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b2-l71","source":"τείρεσθʼ, εἰ μή πού τι πατὴρ ἐμὸς ἐσθλὸς Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"in bitter grief—unless somehow my noble father Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τείρεσθ","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσατε","gloss":"to waste away","note":"present infinitive of τείρω 'wear down,' object of ἐάσατε: 'let me waste away.'"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρεξεν","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρεξεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b2-l72","source":"δυσμενέων κάκʼ ἔρεξεν ἐυκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"in enmity did evil to the well-greaved Achaeans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l72.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐυκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς","title":"Well-greaved Achaeans","body":"A standing epithet: the Greeks are 'well-greaved,' wearing fine leg-armor. Such epithets fill out the metrical line."}],"words":[{"surface":"δυσμενέων","lemma":"δυσμενέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρεξεν","gloss":"in enmity","note":"participle 'being hostile,' explaining the manner of Odysseus's supposed wrongdoing."},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔρεξεν","gloss":"evil (things)"},{"surface":"ἔρεξεν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"ἐυκνήμιδας","lemma":"εὐκνήμις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"well-greaved","note":"stock Homeric epithet for the Achaeans, describing their bronze shin-guards."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔρεξεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b2-l73","source":"τῶν μʼ ἀποτινύμενοι κακὰ ῥέζετε δυσμενέοντες,","translation":"for which you now do evil to me in return, in enmity,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀποτινύμενοι","gloss":"for these things"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥέζετε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀποτινύμενοι","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥέζετε","gloss":"taking revenge","note":"middle participle of ἀποτίνω 'exact payment,' i.e. 'in retaliation.'"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζετε","gloss":"evil (things)"},{"surface":"ῥέζετε","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κάκ᾽","gloss":"you do"},{"surface":"δυσμενέοντες","lemma":"δυσμενέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥέζετε","gloss":"being hostile"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b2-l74","source":"τούτους ὀτρύνοντες. ἐμοὶ δέ κε κέρδιον εἴη","translation":"urging these men on. It would be better for me","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούτους","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀτρύνοντες","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνοντες","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥέζετε","gloss":"urging on"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴη","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"modal particle κε with optative εἴη, forming a potential 'would be.'"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b2-l75","source":"ὑμέας ἐσθέμεναι κειμήλιά τε πρόβασίν τε.","translation":"that you yourselves devour my treasures and my livestock.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμέας","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative plural pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσθέμεναι","gloss":"you (pl.)"},{"surface":"ἐσθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"to eat","note":"epic present infinitive ἐσθέμεναι of ἔσθω, alt. to ἐσθίειν."},{"surface":"κειμήλιά","lemma":"κειμήλιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"treasures"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πρόβασίν","lemma":"πρόβασις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"livestock"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b2-l76","source":"εἴ χʼ ὑμεῖς γε φάγοιτε, τάχʼ ἄν ποτε καὶ τίσις εἴη·","translation":"If you were to eat them, there might one day be recompense;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"χ' = κε, modal particle marking the conditional as a real possibility."},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of φάγοιτε","gloss":"you (pl.)"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φάγοιτε","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"were to eat"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"soon, perhaps"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τίσις","lemma":"τίσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"recompense"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there might be","note":"epic-optative εἴη of εἰμί (labeled here as ἐάω by the treebank lemma field, kept as given)."}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b2-l77","source":"τόφρα γὰρ ἂν κατὰ ἄστυ ποτιπτυσσοίμεθα μύθῳ","translation":"for then through the town I would press my plea with words,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποτιπτυσσοίμεθα","gloss":"then, so long"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through, down along"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the town"},{"surface":"ποτιπτυσσοίμεθα","lemma":"ποτιπτύσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would press my plea","note":"optative of ποτιπτύσσω, lit. 'approach/entreat,' vivid image of pleading door to door."},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπαιτίζοντες","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b2-l78","source":"χρήματʼ ἀπαιτίζοντες, ἕως κʼ ἀπὸ πάντα δοθείη·","translation":"demanding back my goods, until all were repaid.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρήματ","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπαιτίζοντες","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"ἀπαιτίζοντες","lemma":"ἀπαιτίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ποτιπτυσσοίμεθα","gloss":"demanding back"},{"surface":"ἕως","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"back, away","note":"ἀπὸ...δοθείη is tmesis for ἀποδοθείη, 'be given back/repaid'; ἀπὸ here means 'back, away,' not 'all' (that sense belongs to πάντα, the next word)."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of δοθείη","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δοθείη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἕως","gloss":"were given back","note":"aorist passive optative of δίδωμι in a 'until' clause: 'until it were all repaid.'"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b2-l79","source":"νῦν δέ μοι ἀπρήκτους ὀδύνας ἐμβάλλετε θυμῷ.","translation":"But now you cast upon my heart sorrows past remedy.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐμβάλλετε","gloss":"upon me"},{"surface":"ἀπρήκτους","lemma":"ἄπρακτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύνας","gloss":"past remedy, unavailing"},{"surface":"ὀδύνας","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλλετε","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"ἐμβάλλετε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you cast"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμβάλλετε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b2-l80","source":"ὣς φάτο χωόμενος, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ","translation":"So he spoke in anger, and dashed the staff to the ground,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φάτο, epic middle aorist of φημί, standard speech-formula closing."},{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"in anger"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon, down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"staff, scepter","note":"the herald's/speaker's staff, symbol of the right to address the assembly; dashing it down is a gesture of despair."},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he threw"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"to the ground"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b2-l81","source":"δάκρυʼ ἀναπρήσας· οἶκτος δʼ ἕλε λαὸν ἅπαντα.","translation":"bursting into tears; and pity seized all the people.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀναπρήσας","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"ἀναπρήσας","lemma":"ἀναπρήθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλε","gloss":"bursting into","note":"vivid compound ἀναπρήθω 'burst forth,' here of tears breaking out."},{"surface":"οἶκτος","lemma":"οἶκτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b2-l82","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἀκὴν ἔσαν, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη","translation":"Then all the others were silent, and no one dared","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"silently","note":"ἀκήν is an adverb used as predicate, 'in silence,' with ἔσαν 'were.'"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτλη","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔτλη","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b2-l83","source":"Τηλέμαχον μύθοισιν ἀμείψασθαι χαλεποῖσιν·","translation":"to answer Telemachus with harsh words;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμείψασθαι","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"μύθοισιν","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμείψασθαι","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἀμείψασθαι","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of ἔτλη","gloss":"to answer"},{"surface":"χαλεποῖσιν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθοισιν","gloss":"harsh"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b2-l84","source":"Ἀντίνοος δέ μιν οἶος ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε·","translation":"only Antinous answered him, saying:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Antinous","note":"leading, most arrogant of the suitors — his name ironically means 'against thought/counter to reason.'"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίνοος","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b2-l85","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε, ποῖον ἔειπες","translation":"\"Telemachus, loud talker, uncontrolled in spirit, what a thing you have said,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l85.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑψαγόρη","title":"Loud talker","body":"A mocking address, literally 'lofty-speaker,' meaning one who talks big in assembly. Antinous uses it sneeringly."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ὑψαγόρη","lemma":"ὑψαγόρας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"loud talker","note":"Compound epithet ὑψ-αγόρης \"high-speaker\"; mocking address, not a formulaic honorific."},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄσχετε","gloss":"in spirit","note":"Accusative of respect with ἄσχετε: \"unrestrained IN spirit,\" not a direct object."},{"surface":"ἄσχετε","lemma":"ἄσχετος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"uncontrolled"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"what a thing"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have said"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b2-l86","source":"ἡμέας αἰσχύνων· ἐθέλοις δέ κε μῶμον ἀνάψαι.","translation":"shaming us! You would fasten blame upon us.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἰσχύνων","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"αἰσχύνων","lemma":"αἰσχύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"shaming","note":"Present participle giving the manner of the speaking act just condemned."},{"surface":"ἐθέλοις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would wish"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential marker]","note":"κε(ν) with the optative ἐθέλοις marks a polite/ironic potential: \"you'd be willing to...\""},{"surface":"μῶμον","lemma":"μῶμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάψαι","gloss":"blame"},{"surface":"ἀνάψαι","lemma":"ἀνάπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοις","gloss":"fasten on us"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b2-l87","source":"σοὶ δʼ οὔ τι μνηστῆρες Ἀχαιῶν αἴτιοί εἰσιν,","translation":"But the suitors of the Achaeans are in no way to blame for you;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἰσιν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσιν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"αἴτιοί","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to blame","note":"Predicate adjective with εἰσιν: \"the suitors are not at all responsible.\""},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b2-l88","source":"ἀλλὰ φίλη μήτηρ, ἥ τοι πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν.","translation":"it is your own dear mother, who beyond all knows her cunning.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother","note":"φίλη μήτηρ is the true subject held back for emphasis after the suitors are cleared of blame."},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to οἶδεν","gloss":"exceedingly","note":"περί here used adverbially/postpositive (\"beyond measure\"), not governing a noun in this clause."},{"surface":"κέρδεα","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἶδεν","gloss":"cunning wiles"},{"surface":"οἶδεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μήτηρ","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b2-l89","source":"ἤδη γὰρ τρίτον ἐστὶν ἔτος, τάχα δʼ εἶσι τέταρτον,","translation":"For it is now the third year, and the fourth will soon come,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τρίτον","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτος","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἔτος","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶσι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶσι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will come","note":"εἶμι (present stem) used with future sense, common Homeric idiom for imminent motion."},{"surface":"τέταρτον","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of εἶσι","gloss":"fourth"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b2-l90","source":"ἐξ οὗ ἀτέμβει θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"since she has been thwarting the heart in the breasts of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"οὗ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"[relative: which time]","note":"ἐξ οὗ = \"ever since,\" a fixed temporal phrase."},{"surface":"ἀτέμβει","lemma":"ἀτέμβω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"she thwarts"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτέμβει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breasts","note":"στήθεσσιν: old dative plural in -εσσι, an epic/Aeolic form kept for the meter."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b2-l91","source":"πάντας μέν ῥʼ ἔλπει καὶ ὑπίσχεται ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ","translation":"She gives all of them hope, and makes promises to each man,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔλπει","gloss":"all of them"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ἔλπει","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gives hope"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπίσχεται","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"makes promises"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπίσχεται","gloss":"to each man"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b2-l92","source":"ἀγγελίας προϊεῖσα, νόος δέ οἱ ἄλλα μενοινᾷ.","translation":"sending out messages, but her mind intends other things.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l92.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προϊεῖσα","title":"Present participle","body":"'Sending out' is a present participle showing the ongoing action accompanying her promising. Penelope's words and intent are deliberately split."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελίας","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προϊεῖσα","gloss":"messages"},{"surface":"προϊεῖσα","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sending out","note":"προϊεῖσα: present participle of προΐημι, vivid picture of Penelope dispatching private word to each suitor."},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μενοινᾷ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"her","note":"οἱ is the enclitic dative pronoun (from ἕ), here a possessive dative referring to Penelope: \"her mind.\""},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μενοινᾷ","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"μενοινᾷ","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"intends"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b2-l93","source":"ἡ δὲ δόλον τόνδʼ ἄλλον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμήριξε·","translation":"And she devised in her mind this other trick:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μερμήριξε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόλον","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μερμήριξε","gloss":"trick"},{"surface":"τόνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δόλον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλον","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind","note":"φρεσί, plural of φρήν used for the seat of thought — plural form, singular sense, typical Homeric idiom."},{"surface":"μερμήριξε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b2-l94","source":"στησαμένη μέγαν ἱστὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὕφαινε,","translation":"she set up a great loom in the halls and began to weave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στησαμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὕφαινε","gloss":"having set up","note":"Aorist middle participle: she set up the loom for her own use (self-benefiting middle)."},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στησαμένη","gloss":"loom"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὕφαινε","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began to weave"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b2-l95","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ περίμετρον· ἄφαρ δʼ ἡμῖν μετέειπε·","translation":"a fine web of vast extent; and at once she said to us:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεπτὸν","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περίμετρον","lemma":"περίμετρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"vast in size"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέειπε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she said"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b2-l96","source":"κοῦροι ἐμοὶ μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ θάνε δῖος\n                        Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"'Young men, my suitors, since godlike Odysseus is dead,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"young men","note":"Vocative address to the suitors opening Penelope's quoted speech within Antinous's speech."},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"θάνε","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"has died"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike","note":"δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, a standing epic epithet-name pair used regardless of context."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θάνε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b2-l97","source":"μίμνετʼ ἐπειγόμενοι τὸν ἐμὸν γάμον, εἰς ὅ κε φᾶρος","translation":"be patient, though eager for my marriage, until I finish","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίμνετ","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait","note":"Imperative μίμνετε: Penelope's polite command holding off the suitors' pressure."},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενοι","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μίμνετ᾽","gloss":"though eager for"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies γάμον","gloss":"[article]"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γάμον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μίμνετ᾽","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"[relative: that]"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential marker]"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"cloth"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b2-l98","source":"ἐκτελέσω, μή μοι μεταμώνια νήματʼ ὄληται,","translation":"this cloth—so that my spinning not be wasted in vain—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκτελέσω","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to μίμνετ᾽","gloss":"I finish"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὄληται","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μεταμώνια","lemma":"μεταμώνιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νήματ᾽","gloss":"vain, wasted","note":"μεταμώνια, \"thrown to the winds\": a vivid metaphor for wasted effort/thread."},{"surface":"νήματ","lemma":"νῆμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"spinning"},{"surface":"ὄληται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"be lost"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b2-l99","source":"Λαέρτῃ ἥρωι ταφήιον, εἰς ὅτε κέν μιν","translation":"a shroud for the hero Laertes, for the time when","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαέρτῃ","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ταφήιον","gloss":"for Laertes"},{"surface":"ἥρωι","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαέρτῃ","gloss":"the hero"},{"surface":"ταφήιον","lemma":"ταφήιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"funeral shroud"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential marker]"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καθέλῃσι","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b2-l100","source":"μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο,","translation":"the ruinous doom of grievous death shall lay him low,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καθέλῃσι","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ὀλοὴ","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"ruinous"},{"surface":"καθέλῃσι","lemma":"καθαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"lays low","note":"Subjunctive in a general future condition (\"whenever fate should take him\") governed by ὅτε κεν."},{"surface":"τανηλεγέος","lemma":"τανηλεγής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"far-outstretching","note":"τανηλεγής, a rare epic compound (\"long-laid-out\") describing death; formulaic pairing with θάνατος."},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"of death"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b2-l101","source":"μή τίς μοι κατὰ δῆμον Ἀχαιϊάδων νεμεσήσῃ.","translation":"lest some Achaean woman of the land blame me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμεσήσῃ","gloss":"some woman"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of νεμεσήσῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κατὰ","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιϊάδων","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of Achaean women"},{"surface":"νεμεσήσῃ","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"blame"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b2-l102","source":"αἴ κεν ἄτερ σπείρου κεῖται πολλὰ κτεατίσσας.","translation":"if he should lie without a shroud, who had won so much.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential marker]"},{"surface":"ἄτερ","lemma":"ἄτερ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"σπείρου","lemma":"σπεῖρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄτερ","gloss":"a shroud"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of κτεατίσσας","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κτεατίσσας","lemma":"κτεατίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having won","note":"Aorist participle: emphasizes the irony that a man who acquired so much could end up without burial cloth."}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b2-l103","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπεπείθετο θυμὸς\n                     ἀγήνωρ.","translation":"So she spoke, and our proud hearts were persuaded.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπεπείθετο","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεπείθετο","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἐπεπείθετο","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was persuaded"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεπείθετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"proud","note":"ἀγήνωρ θυμός: formulaic pairing, \"manly/proud spirit,\" ironic here since their pride was fooled for years."}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b2-l104","source":"ἔνθα καὶ ἠματίη μὲν ὑφαίνεσκεν μέγαν ἱστόν,","translation":"Then by day she would weave at the great loom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l104.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑφαίνεσκεν","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"The -σκ- suffix marks a repeated, habitual past action: 'she used to weave' day after day, paired with 'she used to unravel' by night in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἠματίη","lemma":"ἠμάτιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑφαίνεσκεν","gloss":"by day","note":"Adverbial adjective ἠματίη (\"in the daytime\") sets up the day/night contrast with νύκτας in the next line."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ὑφαίνεσκεν","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would weave","note":"Iterative imperfect -σκ- suffix: \"used to weave,\" marking repeated habitual action over years."},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστόν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἱστόν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑφαίνεσκεν","gloss":"loom"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b2-l105","source":"νύκτας δʼ ἀλλύεσκεν, ἐπεὶ δαΐδας παραθεῖτο.","translation":"but at night she would unravel it, once she set torches by.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀλλύεσκεν","gloss":"at night","note":"Accusative of extent of time, paired against ἠματίη: \"by day... but nights.\""},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλλύεσκεν","lemma":"ἀναλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would unravel","note":"Same iterative -σκ- imperfect as ὑφαίνεσκεν, underscoring the endless weave-unweave cycle."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"δαΐδας","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παραθεῖτο","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"παραθεῖτο","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"she had set by"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b2-l106","source":"ὣς τρίετες μὲν ἔληθε δόλῳ καὶ ἔπειθεν Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"So for three years she escaped notice by the trick and won the Achaeans' trust;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τρίετες","lemma":"τριέτης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"for three years","note":"Accusative of duration: τρίετες, \"through a three-year span,\" naming the length of her deception."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ἔληθε","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she escaped notice"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔληθε","gloss":"by her trick"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειθεν","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuaded"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔπειθεν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b2-l107","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε τέτρατον ἦλθεν ἔτος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι,","translation":"but when the fourth year came and the seasons returned,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τέτρατον","lemma":"τέτρατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτος","gloss":"fourth"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἔτος","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπήλυθον","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"came round"},{"surface":"ὧραι","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπήλυθον","gloss":"the seasons"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b2-l108","source":"καὶ τότε δή τις ἔειπε γυναικῶν, ἣ σάφα ᾔδη,","translation":"then one of the women, who knew clearly, told us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the women"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔδη","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾔδη","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"knew","note":"Pluperfect ᾔδη (\"had known\") — a servant girl was already in on the secret before it broke."}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b2-l109","source":"καὶ τήν γʼ ἀλλύουσαν ἐφεύρομεν ἀγλαὸν ἱστόν.","translation":"and we caught her unraveling the splendid web.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφεύρομεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"ἀλλύουσαν","lemma":"ἀναλύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies τήν","gloss":"unraveling"},{"surface":"ἐφεύρομεν","lemma":"ἐφευρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we caught","note":"ἐφεύρομεν, \"we found her out,\" the dramatic turning point of the ruse."},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστόν","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"ἱστόν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλλύουσαν","gloss":"web"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b2-l110","source":"ὣς τὸ μὲν ἐξετέλεσσε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλουσʼ ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης·","translation":"So she finished it, against her will, under compulsion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l110.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐκ ἐθέλουσʼ","title":"Participle of concession","body":"'Not willing' is a present participle used concessively: she completed the weaving 'though unwilling,' forced by necessity."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξετέλεσσε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐξετέλεσσε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ἐξετέλεσσε","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she finished"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐξετέλεσσε","gloss":"willing","note":"Negated participle οὐκ ἐθέλουσ(α): \"unwillingly,\" she was forced to finish once exposed."},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκης","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"compulsion"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b2-l111","source":"σοὶ δʼ ὧδε μνηστῆρες ὑποκρίνονται, ἵνʼ εἰδῇς","translation":"So this is the answer the suitors give you, that you may know it","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l111.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑποκρίνονται","title":"give answer","body":"The verb means to reply or interpret. Here Antinous reports the suitors' formal response to Telemachus."}],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὑποκρίνονται","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποκρίνονται","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑποκρίνονται","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ὑποκρίνονται","lemma":"ὑποκρίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give answer","note":"Antinous returns to his own voice here, closing the embedded story of Penelope's ruse."},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἰδῇς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"you may know"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b2-l112","source":"αὐτὸς σῷ θυμῷ, εἰδῶσι δὲ πάντες Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"yourself in your own heart, and that all the Achaeans may know it too:","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰδῇς","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"εἰδῶσι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"may know"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἰδῶσι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b2-l113","source":"μητέρα σὴν ἀπόπεμψον, ἄνωχθι δέ μιν γαμέεσθαι","translation":"send your mother away, and command her to marry","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l113.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄνωχθι","title":"imperative command","body":"ἄνωχθι is a perfect imperative of ἄνωγα, used with present force: \"order\" or \"command.\" Antinous gives Telemachus a blunt directive."}],"words":[{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπόπεμψον","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητέρα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἀπόπεμψον","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send away","note":"Aorist imperative: a single decisive command, 'send her off now.'"},{"surface":"ἄνωχθι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"command","note":"Perfect-form imperative ἄνωχθι from ἄνωγα functions as a present command, common epic quirk."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of γαμέεσθαι","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"γαμέεσθαι","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωχθι","gloss":"to marry"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b2-l114","source":"τῷ ὅτεῴ τε πατὴρ κέλεται καὶ ἁνδάνει αὐτῇ.","translation":"whomever her father bids and whoever pleases her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of γαμέεσθαι","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"ὅτεῴ","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whomever"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλεται","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"κέλεται","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"bids"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁνδάνει","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"pleases","note":"ἁνδάνει takes a dative object (αὐτῇ) — 'is pleasing to her,' not a direct object verb."},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἁνδάνει","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b2-l115","source":"εἰ δʼ ἔτʼ ἀνιήσει γε πολὺν χρόνον υἷας Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"But if she keeps on vexing the sons of the Achaeans for a long time,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνιήσει","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἀνιήσει","lemma":"ἀνιάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"keeps vexing"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"much/long"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνιήσει","gloss":"time","note":"Accusative of duration: 'for a long time,' answering how long, not a direct object."},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνιήσει","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b2-l116","source":"τὰ φρονέουσʼ ἀνὰ θυμόν, ὅ οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη","translation":"intent in her heart on the gifts that Athena granted her above all others—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the things"},{"surface":"φρονέουσ","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀνιήσει","gloss":"pondering","note":"Feminine participle φρονέουσα agrees with the unnamed Penelope, describing her state of mind."},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῶκεν","gloss":"above all","note":"περί used adverbially after its noun ('exceedingly') — a common Homeric postposed use."},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b2-l117","source":"ἔργα τʼ ἐπίστασθαι περικαλλέα καὶ φρένας ἐσθλὰς","translation":"skill in surpassingly beautiful handiwork, and a noble mind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπίστασθαι","gloss":"works/handiwork"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίστασθαι","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"to know","note":"ἐπίστασθαι, 'to be skilled in,' takes ἔργα περικαλλέα as its direct object: 'skilled in surpassingly beautiful handiwork.'"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"surpassingly beautiful"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"mind/wits"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὰς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b2-l118","source":"κέρδεά θʼ, οἷʼ οὔ πώ τινʼ ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν,","translation":"and cunning wiles such as we never heard of even among the women of old,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέρδεά","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"cunning wiles"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever yet"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀκούομεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θ᾽","gloss":"we have heard"},{"surface":"παλαιῶν","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of the women of old","note":"παλαιῶν implied 'women' from context — genitive of comparison/source, 'among the ancients.'"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b2-l119","source":"τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν ἐυπλοκαμῖδες Ἀχαιαί,","translation":"among those who lived before, the fair-haired Achaean women,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάων","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of those"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τάων","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐυπλοκαμῖδες","lemma":"εὐπλοκαμίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιαί","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"Stock Homeric epithet for women, formulaic and metrically convenient."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιαί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Achaean women"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b2-l120","source":"Τυρώ τʼ Ἀλκμήνη τε ἐυστέφανός τε Μυκήνη·","translation":"Tyro and Alcmene and Mycene of the lovely crown—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυρώ","lemma":"Τυρώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Tyro"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλκμήνη","lemma":"Ἀλκμήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Alcmene"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐυστέφανός","lemma":"εὐστέφανος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μυκήνη","gloss":"fair-crowned","note":"Ornamental epithet (εὐστέφανος) attached to Mycene, typical epic list-naming style."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μυκήνη","lemma":"Μυκήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Mycene"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b2-l121","source":"τάων οὔ τις ὁμοῖα νοήματα Πηνελοπείῃ","translation":"of these not one had thoughts to match Penelope's;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάων","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔδη","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖα","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νοήματα","gloss":"equal/like"},{"surface":"νοήματα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὁμοῖα","gloss":"to Penelope","note":"Dative of comparison after ὁμοῖα: 'thoughts like Penelope's.'"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b2-l122","source":"ᾔδη· ἀτὰρ μὲν τοῦτό γʼ ἐναίσιμον οὐκ ἐνόησε.","translation":"yet in this one thing her scheming was not fitting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew","note":"Pluperfect ᾔδη carries past/imperfect force ('had known, had in mind'), since the perfect of οἶδα already means 'know' in the present — the pluperfect is its corresponding past tense, not a present."},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτό","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμον","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τοῦτό","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she perceived"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b2-l123","source":"τόφρα γὰρ οὖν βίοτόν τε τεὸν καὶ κτήματʼ ἔδονται,","translation":"For just so long will they devour your livelihood and your goods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδονται","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then/indeed"},{"surface":"βίοτόν","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βίοτόν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"ἔδονται","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will devour","note":"Future middle of ἐσθίω, vivid image of the suitors literally 'eating up' the household wealth."}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b2-l124","source":"ὄφρα κε κείνη τοῦτον ἔχῃ νόον, ὅν τινά οἱ νῦν","translation":"as long as she keeps this purpose that the gods are now","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"κείνη","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἔχῃ","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔχῃ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"holds/keeps"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχῃ","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τιθεῖσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τιθεῖσι","gloss":"in her"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τιθεῖσι","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b2-l125","source":"ἐν στήθεσσι τιθεῖσι θεοί. μέγα μὲν κλέος αὐτῇ","translation":"putting in her breast. Great glory she wins","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l125.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"kleos, glory","body":"κλέος is fame won through report and remembered in song—a central value in Homeric culture. Here Penelope gains it through her cunning, at the cost of her son's estate."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"breast","note":"στήθεσσι, dative plural of στῆθος — the poetic plural for a single chest, common Homeric idiom."},{"surface":"τιθεῖσι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νόον","gloss":"place/put"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τιθεῖσι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ποιεῖτ᾽","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ποιεῖτ᾽","gloss":"for herself"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b2-l126","source":"ποιεῖτʼ, αὐτὰρ σοί γε ποθὴν πολέος βιότοιο.","translation":"for herself, but for you only the longing for much substance lost.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποιεῖτ","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wins/makes","note":"ποιεῖτ(αι) middle voice: she 'makes for herself' glory — self-benefiting sense of the middle."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ποθὴν","lemma":"ποθή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"πολέος","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βιότοιο","gloss":"of much"},{"surface":"βιότοιο","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποθὴν","gloss":"substance/livelihood"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b2-l127","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ οὔτʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα πάρος γʼ ἴμεν οὔτε πῃ ἄλλῃ,","translation":"We will not go off to our own work nor anywhere else","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴμεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴμεν","gloss":"before/formerly"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will go","note":"ἴμεν, present indicative of εἶμι, functions with future sense — a common Homeric use of this athematic verb."},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"object of τε","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies πῃ","gloss":"elsewhere"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b2-l128","source":"πρίν γʼ αὐτὴν γήμασθαι Ἀχαιῶν ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι.","translation":"until she marries the one of the Achaeans she chooses.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of γήμασθαι","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"γήμασθαι","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"marries","note":"Aorist middle infinitive γήμασθαι of γαμέω used of the bride: 'get married,' contrast active for the groom."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ᾧ","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of γήμασθαι","gloss":"she wishes"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b2-l129","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l129.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"perfect participle as epithet","body":"πεπνυμένος, \"wise, prudent,\" is a perfect middle participle functioning as a fixed epithet for Telemachus. The perfect denotes a settled state—his having-become-wise."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then/again"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, standing epithet for Telemachus ('wise, prudent'), marks his formulaic epic character."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b2-l130","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, οὔ πως ἔστι δόμων ἀέκουσαν ἀπῶσαι","translation":"\"Antinous, there is no way I can thrust from my house against her will","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"δόμων","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπῶσαι","gloss":"from the house"},{"surface":"ἀέκουσαν","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἀπῶσαι","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"ἀπῶσαι","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"to thrust out","note":"ἀπῶσαι governs ἀέκουσαν ('unwilling her'): forcing out a mother against her will is the moral crux."}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b2-l131","source":"ἥ μʼ ἔτεχʼ, ἥ μʼ ἔθρεψε· πατὴρ δʼ ἐμὸς ἄλλοθι γαίης,","translation":"the one who bore me, who reared me. My father is somewhere far off in the world,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔτεχ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτεχ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔτεχ","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθρεψε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔθρεψε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔθρεψε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"reared"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθι","lemma":"ἄλλοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"elsewhere"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄλλοθι","gloss":"of the land","note":"γαίης, partitive genitive with ἄλλοθι: 'somewhere else in/of the world.'"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b2-l132","source":"ζώει ὅ γʼ ἦ τέθνηκε· κακὸν δέ με πόλλʼ ἀποτίνειν","translation":"alive or dead; and it would be hard to pay back so much","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώει","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τέθνηκε","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"has died"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh/hard"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποτίνειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀποτίνειν","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἀποτίνειν","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to pay back","note":"ἀποτίνειν + πόλλ(α): the huge bride-price Telemachus would owe Icarius if he sends Penelope home himself."}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b2-l133","source":"Ἰκαρίῳ, αἴ κʼ αὐτὸς ἑκὼν ἀπὸ μητέρα πέμψω.","translation":"to Icarius, if of my own accord I send my mother away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰκαρίῳ","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποτίνειν","gloss":"to Icarius"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of πέμψω","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἑκὼν","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πέμψω","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"πέμψω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"send"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b2-l134","source":"ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ πατρὸς κακὰ πείσομαι, ἄλλα δὲ δαίμων","translation":"For from her father I will suffer evils, and a god will send","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πείσομαι","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"πείσομαι","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will suffer"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώσει","gloss":"a god","note":"δαίμων here is a vague divine agent, not a named god — 'some power' sending further troubles."}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b2-l135","source":"δώσει, ἐπεὶ μήτηρ στυγερὰς ἀρήσετʼ ἐρινῦς","translation":"others, since my mother will call down the hateful Furies","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀρήσετ᾽","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"στυγερὰς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐρινῦς","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"ἀρήσετ","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"will call down","note":"ἀράομαι = to invoke/pray for (often a curse); mother calling the Furies is a serious ritual threat."},{"surface":"ἐρινῦς","lemma":"Ἐρινύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀρήσετ᾽","gloss":"Furies"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b2-l136","source":"οἴκου ἀπερχομένη· νέμεσις δέ μοι ἐξ ἀνθρώπων","translation":"as she leaves the house; and from men there will be indignation","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκου","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπερχομένη","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"ἀπερχομένη","lemma":"ἀπέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μήτηρ","gloss":"departing"},{"surface":"νέμεσις","lemma":"νέμεσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"indignation"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσσεται","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐξ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b2-l137","source":"ἔσσεται· ὣς οὐ τοῦτον ἐγώ ποτε μῦθον ἐνίψω.","translation":"against me. So I will never speak that word.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνίψω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνίψω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνίψω","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἐνίψω","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will speak","note":"Emphatic future ἐνίψω closes Telemachus's refusal — a firm vow never to voice that command."}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b2-l138","source":"ὑμέτερος δʼ εἰ μὲν θυμὸς νεμεσίζεται αὐτῶν,","translation":"But if your own hearts feel any indignation at this,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμέτερος","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νεμεσίζεται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"νεμεσίζεται","lemma":"νεμεσίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"feels indignation"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of νεμεσίζεται","gloss":"at this"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b2-l139","source":"ἔξιτέ μοι μεγάρων, ἄλλας δʼ ἀλεγύνετε δαῖτας","translation":"get out of my halls, and busy yourselves with other feasts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l139.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔξιτέ","title":"imperative: get out","body":"ἔξιτε is a present imperative of ἔξειμι, \"go out.\" Telemachus commands the suitors to leave his halls."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔξιτέ","lemma":"ἔξειμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go out","note":"Sharp imperative ἔξιτε: Telemachus abruptly orders the suitors from his halls."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μεγάρων","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μεγάρων","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔξιτέ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἄλλας","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτας","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεγύνετε","lemma":"ἀλεγύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"busy yourselves with"},{"surface":"δαῖτας","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεγύνετε","gloss":"feasts"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b2-l140","source":"ὑμὰ κτήματʼ ἔδοντες ἀμειβόμενοι κατὰ οἴκους.","translation":"eating your own goods, taking turns from house to house.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμὰ","lemma":"ὑμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτήματ᾽","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδοντες","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλεγύνετε","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενοι","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλεγύνετε","gloss":"taking turns","note":"ἀμειβόμενοι: middle participle, 'exchanging/alternating' houses — the suitors' custom of feast-hopping."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"οἴκους","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"houses"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b2-l141","source":"εἰ δʼ ὑμῖν δοκέει τόδε λωίτερον καὶ ἄμεινον","translation":"But if this seems to you more profitable and better—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δοκέει","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"this","note":"ὅδε points to the near thing just proposed, 'this (course)'"},{"surface":"λωίτερον","lemma":"λωίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more profitable"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμεινον","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"ἀμείνων is the irregular comparative of ἀγαθός, paired with λωίτερον for emphasis"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b2-l142","source":"ἔμμεναι, ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς βίοτον νήποινον ὀλέσθαι,","translation":"to ruin one man's livelihood without recompense—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to be","note":"epic infinitive ἔμμεναι = εἶναι, an -μεναι form typical of Homeric diction"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἑνὸς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"livelihood"},{"surface":"νήποινον","lemma":"νήποινος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"unrecompensed","note":"νήποινον, 'without payment/requital' — key word for the suitors' guilt"},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"to destroy"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b2-l143","source":"κείρετʼ· ἐγὼ δὲ θεοὺς ἐπιβώσομαι αἰὲν ἐόντας,","translation":"then waste it; but I will cry out to the gods who live forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείρετ","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waste it","note":"imperative κείρετε, 'shear/consume,' bitter command to the suitors to keep eating him out of house"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιβώσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβώσομαι","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἐπιβώσομαι","lemma":"ἐπιβοάω","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will call on"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντας","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὺς","gloss":"who live","note":"αἰὲν ἐόντας 'ever-living,' a standing Homeric epithet for the gods"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b2-l144","source":"αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς δῷσι παλίντιτα ἔργα γενέσθαι.","translation":"in hope that Zeus may grant deeds of requital to be done.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l144.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παλίντιτα","title":"deeds of requital","body":"παλίντιτα means \"paid back, requited\"—from πάλιν (back) and τίνω (pay). Telemachus prays that the suitors' crimes be repaid in kind."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δῷσι","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῷσι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δῷσι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"may grant","note":"subjunctive δῷσι with αἴ κε expresses a hoped-for future condition"},{"surface":"παλίντιτα","lemma":"παλίντιτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"requital"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of γενέσθαι","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of δῷσι","gloss":"to be done"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b2-l145","source":"νήποινοί κεν ἔπειτα δόμων ἔντοσθεν ὄλοισθε.","translation":"Then without recompense you would perish inside this house.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήποινοί","lemma":"νήποινος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unrecompensed"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal)"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλοισθε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δόμων","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔντοσθεν","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθεν","lemma":"ἔντοσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ὄλοισθε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would perish","note":"optative ὄλοισθε with κεν gives a future-remote wish/threat, 'you would perish'"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b2-l146","source":"ὣς φάτο Τηλέμαχος, τῷ δʼ αἰετὼ εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"So spoke Telemachus, and for him far-seeing Zeus sent two eagles","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l146.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἰετὼ","title":"the dual: two eagles","body":"αἰετώ is dual, marking exactly two eagles—a number Greek inflects distinctly from the plural. Homer uses the dual often for natural pairs."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φάτο","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προέηκε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰετὼ","lemma":"ἀετός","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of πέτεσθαι","gloss":"eagles","note":"dual number αἰετώ — Homeric Greek keeps a separate 'two of' form the two eagles use throughout"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"far-seeing","note":"εὐρύοπα, fixed epithet of Zeus, 'wide-thundering/far-seeing'"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προέηκε","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b2-l147","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐκ κορυφῆς ὄρεος προέηκε πέτεσθαι.","translation":"flying down from on high, from a mountain peak.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψόθεν","lemma":"ὑψόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προέηκε","gloss":"from on high"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κορυφῆς","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφῆς","gloss":"of a mountain"},{"surface":"προέηκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent forth"},{"surface":"πέτεσθαι","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of προέηκε","gloss":"to fly"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b2-l148","source":"τὼ δʼ ἕως μέν ῥʼ ἐπέτοντο μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο","translation":"For a while the two flew on with the breath of the wind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"the two","note":"dual pronoun τώ, 'the two of them,' referring back to the eagles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕως","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"for a while"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπέτοντο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were flying"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"πνοιῇς","lemma":"πνοιή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"breaths"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιῇς","gloss":"of the wind"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b2-l149","source":"πλησίω ἀλλήλοισι τιταινομένω πτερύγεσσιν·","translation":"close to each other, wings spread wide;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίω","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"close","note":"dual adjective πλησίω agrees with the pair of eagles, 'near (to each other)'"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πλησίω","gloss":"to each other"},{"surface":"τιταινομένω","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"spread wide"},{"surface":"πτερύγεσσιν","lemma":"πτέρυξ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τιταινομένω","gloss":"wings"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b2-l150","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μέσσην ἀγορὴν πολύφημον ἱκέσθην,","translation":"but when they reached the middle of the loud-voiced assembly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέσσην","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορὴν","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθην","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"πολύφημον","lemma":"πολύφημος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορὴν","gloss":"loud-voiced"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached","note":"dual verb ἱκέσθην, '(the two) arrived' — dual verb form matches the dual subject τώ"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b2-l151","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐπιδινηθέντε τιναξάσθην πτερὰ πυκνά,","translation":"there they wheeled about and shook their thick-feathered wings,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τιναξάσθην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐπιδινηθέντε","lemma":"ἐπιδινέω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to τιναξάσθην","gloss":"wheeling about"},{"surface":"τιναξάσθην","lemma":"τινάσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook","note":"dual verb τιναξάσθην, 'the two shook'"},{"surface":"πτερὰ","lemma":"πτερόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τιναξάσθην","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"πυκνά","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτερὰ","gloss":"thick"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b2-l152","source":"ἐς δʼ ἰδέτην πάντων κεφαλάς, ὄσσοντο δʼ ὄλεθρον·","translation":"and looked down on the heads of all, and their gaze foretold destruction;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down onto"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδέτην","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"looked","note":"dual verb ἰδέτην, 'the two looked'"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλάς","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"κεφαλάς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"ὄσσοντο","lemma":"ὄσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"foreboded","note":"ὄσσοντο, 'their eyes portended,' a vivid verb of ominous gazing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὄσσοντο","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b2-l153","source":"δρυψαμένω δʼ ὀνύχεσσι παρειὰς ἀμφί τε δειρὰς","translation":"and tearing with their talons at each other's cheeks and necks","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δρυψαμένω","lemma":"δρύπτω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤιξαν","gloss":"tearing at","note":"dual participle δρυψαμένω, 'the two tearing'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνύχεσσι","lemma":"ὄνυξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δρυψαμένω","gloss":"with talons"},{"surface":"παρειὰς","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δειρὰς","lemma":"δειρή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"necks"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b2-l154","source":"δεξιὼ ἤιξαν διά τʼ οἰκία καὶ πόλιν αὐτῶν.","translation":"they darted to the right, across the houses and the city of the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιὼ","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"to the right","note":"δεξιώ dual, an omen-word: flying right was a favorable sign in Greek augury"},{"surface":"ἤιξαν","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"darted"},{"surface":"διά","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of them"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b2-l155","source":"θάμβησαν δʼ ὄρνιθας, ἐπεὶ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν·","translation":"They marveled at the birds when they saw them with their eyes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάμβησαν","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρνιθας","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θάμβησαν","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"with eyes"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b2-l156","source":"ὥρμηναν δʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἅ περ τελέεσθαι ἔμελλον.","translation":"and pondered in their hearts what these things were destined to bring about.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥρμηναν","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered","note":"ὁρμαίνω, 'turned over in mind' — verb of inward deliberation over an omen"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμελλον","gloss":"what things"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τελέεσθαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"were to be fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὥρμηναν","gloss":"were destined"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b2-l157","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε γέρων ἥρως Ἁλιθέρσης","translation":"Then the old hero Halitherses spoke among them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἁλιθέρσης","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἁλιθέρσης","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Ἁλιθέρσης","lemma":"Ἁλιθέρσης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Halitherses","note":"an aged seer in Ithaca, one of Odysseus's few loyal elders"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b2-l158","source":"Μαστορίδης· ὁ γὰρ οἶος ὁμηλικίην ἐκέκαστο","translation":"son of Mastor; for he alone of his generation excelled","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μαστορίδης","lemma":"Μαστορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἁλιθέρσης","gloss":"son of Mastor"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ὁμηλικίην","lemma":"ὁμηλικία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"his generation"},{"surface":"ἐκέκαστο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"excelled","note":"pluperfect ἐκέκαστο, 'had long surpassed' — stresses his established, longstanding skill"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b2-l159","source":"ὄρνιθας γνῶναι καὶ ἐναίσιμα μυθήσασθαι·","translation":"in knowing birds and declaring what was fated;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνιθας","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γνῶναι","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"γνῶναι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in knowing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμα","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"fated things"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"declaring","note":"μυθέομαι, 'to tell/pronounce' — bird-reading (oiōnistikē) as speech-craft"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b2-l160","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε·","translation":"with good intent toward them he addressed the assembly and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"intending"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed the assembly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b2-l161","source":"κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν\n                     εἴπω·","translation":"\"Hear me now, men of Ithaca, in what I have to say;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l161.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κέκλυτε","title":"Reduplicated perfect imperative","body":"κέκλυτε, \"hear!\", is a reduplicated perfect imperative (2nd pl.) of κλύω — a solemn formulaic call to attention. The reduplication κε- is the hallmark of the perfect system, not the aorist."}],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυτε, perfect-form imperative 'hear!' — a standing epic opening for a speech to a crowd"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκλυτε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ἰθακήσιοι","lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ithacans"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal)"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b2-l162","source":"μνηστῆρσιν δὲ μάλιστα πιφαυσκόμενος τάδε εἴρω·","translation":"and to the suitors above all I declare and speak these things:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἴρω","gloss":"to the suitors"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴρω","gloss":"especially"},{"surface":"πιφαυσκόμενος","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴρω","gloss":"declaring"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴρω","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"εἴρω","lemma":"εἴρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I speak"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b2-l163","source":"τοῖσιν γὰρ μέγα πῆμα κυλίνδεται· οὐ γὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"for upon them a great calamity rolls down; for Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κυλίνδεται","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κυλίνδεται","gloss":"calamity"},{"surface":"κυλίνδεται","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rolls down","note":"κυλίνδεται, vivid image of doom 'rolling' toward them like a boulder"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b2-l164","source":"δὴν ἀπάνευθε φίλων ὧν ἔσσεται, ἀλλά που ἤδη","translation":"will not be far from his own much longer, but already somewhere","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ὧν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φίλων","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φυτεύει","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φυτεύει","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b2-l165","source":"ἐγγὺς ἐὼν τοῖσδεσσι φόνον καὶ κῆρα φυτεύει","translation":"being near, he is sowing murder and death for all of them;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"near","note":"ἐγγύς used predicatively with ἐών, 'being near' — the seer's key claim that Odysseus is close by"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φυτεύει","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"τοῖσδεσσι","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φυτεύει","gloss":"for these men"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"φυτεύει","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is sowing","note":"φυτεύει, literally 'plants,' a grim agricultural metaphor for causing doom"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b2-l166","source":"πάντεσσιν· πολέσιν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοισιν κακὸν ἔσται,","translation":"and there will be evil for many others too","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντεσσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῖσδεσσι","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"πολέσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοισιν","gloss":"for many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισιν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b2-l167","source":"οἳ νεμόμεσθʼ Ἰθάκην ἐυδείελον. ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὶν","translation":"of us who dwell in clear-skied Ithaca. But long before that","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμόμεσθ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νεμόμεσθ","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλοισιν","gloss":"dwell"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of νεμόμεσθ᾽","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἐυδείελον","lemma":"εὐδείελος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκην","gloss":"clear-skied","note":"εὐδείελος, standing epithet of Ithaca, 'seen clearly from afar'"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φραζώμεσθ᾽","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b2-l168","source":"φραζώμεσθʼ, ὥς κεν καταπαύσομεν· οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ","translation":"let us take thought how we may put a stop to them; let them also of their own accord","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φραζώμεσθ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us take thought","note":"hortatory subjunctive φραζώμεσθα, 'let us plan/consider' — first-person plural exhortation"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal)"},{"surface":"καταπαύσομεν","lemma":"καταπαύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to φραζώμεσθ᾽","gloss":"we will stop"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παυέσθων","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"themselves"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b2-l169","source":"παυέσθων· καὶ γάρ σφιν ἄφαρ τόδε λώιόν ἐστιν.","translation":"cease; for this is at once the better course for them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυέσθων","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let them stop"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies λώιόν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"λώιόν","lemma":"λωίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"comparative of ἀγαθός used as predicate; epic form λώιος, not the Attic βελτίων/ἀμείνων."},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b2-l170","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἀπείρητος μαντεύομαι, ἀλλʼ ἐὺ εἰδώς·","translation":"For I do not prophesy untried, but with sure knowledge:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀπείρητος","lemma":"ἀπείρητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"untried","note":"privative ἀ- + πειράω-stem: 'without experience/trial', modifying the speaker."},{"surface":"μαντεύομαι","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I prophesy"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδώς","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"knowing","note":"perfect participle of οἶδα with present sense 'knowing well' — perfect-as-present is the normal Greek pattern for this verb."}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b2-l171","source":"καὶ γὰρ κείνῳ φημὶ τελευτηθῆναι ἅπαντα,","translation":"indeed for that man I say all has been fulfilled","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of τελευτηθῆναι","gloss":"for that man"},{"surface":"φημὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I declare"},{"surface":"τελευτηθῆναι","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of φημὶ","gloss":"has been fulfilled","note":"aorist passive infinitive in indirect statement after φημί, with ἅπαντα as its subject accusative."},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τελευτηθῆναι","gloss":"all things"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b2-l172","source":"ὥς οἱ ἐμυθεόμην, ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰσανέβαινον","translation":"just as I foretold to him, when the Argives were embarking","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμυθεόμην","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐμυθεόμην","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἐμυθεόμην","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τελευτηθῆναι","gloss":"I foretold","note":"imperfect of μυθέομαι, 'I kept telling/foretold' — durative sense fits the ongoing prophecy."},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰσανέβαινον","gloss":"Ilion","note":"accusative of goal with a motion verb, no preposition needed in epic Greek."},{"surface":"εἰσανέβαινον","lemma":"εἰσαναβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"were embarking"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b2-l173","source":"Ἀργεῖοι, μετὰ δέ σφιν ἔβη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"for Ilion, and resourceful Odysseus went among them.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l173.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις","title":"epithet: of many devices","body":"πολύμητις, \"of many counsels, resourceful,\" is Odysseus's signature epithet. Such fixed formulaic epithets are a hallmark of Homeric oral style."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἰσανέβαινον","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"epithet 'of many wiles/counsels' (πολύ + μῆτις) — Odysseus's signature Homeric formula."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b2-l174","source":"φῆν κακὰ πολλὰ παθόντʼ, ὀλέσαντʼ ἄπο πάντας ἑταίρους,","translation":"I said that after suffering many evils, having lost all his companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I said"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of παθόντ᾽","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"παθόντ","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having suffered"},{"surface":"ὀλέσαντ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having lost"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly","note":"ἄπο here is a postposed/tmesis preverb strengthening ὀλέσαντ᾽ ('lost utterly'), not a plain preposition."},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσαντ᾽","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b2-l175","source":"ἄγνωστον πάντεσσιν ἐεικοστῷ ἐνιαυτῷ","translation":"unknown to all, in the twentieth year","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγνωστον","lemma":"ἄγνωστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"πάντεσσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄγνωστον","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"ἐεικοστῷ","lemma":"εἰκοστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτῷ","gloss":"twentieth","note":"Homeric numerals often show epic vowel-lengthening/prothesis (ἐεικοστῷ vs Attic εἰκοστῷ); this is not 'reduplication,' which is a distinct process used to form the perfect tense of verbs."},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτῷ","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"year"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b2-l176","source":"οἴκαδʼ ἐλεύσεσθαι· τὰ δὲ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται.","translation":"he would come home; and now all this is being fulfilled.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φῆν","gloss":"would come"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πάντα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελεῖται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τελεῖται","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελεῖται","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is fulfilled","note":"present passive with vivid immediacy: the prophecy is coming true 'right now,' a favorite Homeric dramatic touch."}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b2-l177","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύμαχος Πολύβου πάϊς ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Eurymachus, son of Polybus, answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"Πολύβου","lemma":"Πόλυβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Polybus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"formulaic line-closing verb ηὔδα, standard in Homer for introducing direct speech responses."}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b2-l178","source":"ὦ γέρον, εἰ δʼ ἄγε νῦν μαντεύεο σοῖσι τέκεσσιν","translation":"\"Old man, come now, go home and prophesy to your own children,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"vocative addressing the seer Halitherses, opening a mocking, disrespectful speech from a suitor."},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαντεύεο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μαντεύεο","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prophesy"},{"surface":"σοῖσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκεσσιν","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"τέκεσσιν","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μαντεύεο","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b2-l179","source":"οἴκαδʼ ἰών, μή πού τι κακὸν πάσχωσιν ὀπίσσω·","translation":"lest somehow they suffer harm hereafter;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰών","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μαντεύεο","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πάσχωσιν","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"πάσχωσιν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"they suffer","note":"subjunctive after μή in a negative purpose/fear clause: 'lest they suffer.'"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάσχωσιν","gloss":"hereafter"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b2-l180","source":"ταῦτα δʼ ἐγὼ σέο πολλὸν ἀμείνων μαντεύεσθαι.","translation":"in these things I am a far better prophet than you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μαντεύεσθαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σέο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀμείνων","gloss":"than you","note":"genitive of comparison with ἀμείνων: 'better than you,' no need for ἤ 'than.'"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμείνων","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"ἀμείνων","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"μαντεύεσθαι","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"at prophecy"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b2-l181","source":"ὄρνιθες δέ τε πολλοὶ ὑπʼ αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο","translation":"Many birds range about beneath the sun's rays,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνιθες","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φοιτῶσ᾽","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄρνιθες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"αὐγὰς","lemma":"αὐγή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"rays"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἥλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐγὰς","gloss":"of the sun"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b2-l182","source":"φοιτῶσʼ, οὐδέ τε πάντες ἐναίσιμοι· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"but not all are meaningful. As for Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φοιτῶσ","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"range about","note":"Eurymachus dismisses bird-omens generally, undercutting the seer's authority just claimed in the previous lines."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and yet"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμοι","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"significant"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b2-l183","source":"ὤλετο τῆλʼ, ὡς καὶ σὺ καταφθίσθαι σὺν ἐκείνῳ","translation":"he has perished far away, as you too should have perished with him—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤλετο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has perished"},{"surface":"τῆλ","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤλετο","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤφελες","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὤφελες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καταφθίσθαι","lemma":"καταφθίω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὤφελες","gloss":"perished","note":"aorist infinitive after ὤφελες ('would that you had'), an unfulfilled-wish idiom — a cruel taunt to the seer."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἐκείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"that man"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b2-l184","source":"ὤφελες. οὐκ ἂν τόσσα θεοπροπέων ἀγόρευες,","translation":"would you had! Then you would not be spouting so much prophecy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l184.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὤφελες","title":"unfulfilled wish","body":"ὤφελες (\"you ought to have\") with an infinitive expresses an impossible past wish: \"would that you had perished.\" It is a bitter, contrary-to-fact retort."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὤφελες","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὤλετο","gloss":"you should have","note":"ὤφελες + infinitive is the standard Homeric idiom for an unrealized wish about the past: 'would that you had perished.'"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευες","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"θεοπροπέων","lemma":"θεοπροπέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευες","gloss":"prophesying"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευες","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were spouting"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b2-l185","source":"οὐδέ κε Τηλέμαχον κεχολωμένον ὧδʼ ἀνιείης,","translation":"nor would you be inciting Telemachus in his anger,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνιείης","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένον","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχον","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνιείης","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἀνιείης","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would incite","note":"optative + κε expressing a contrary-to-fact/potential result, continuing the taunting 'if only' construction."}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b2-l186","source":"σῷ οἴκῳ δῶρον ποτιδέγμενος, αἴ κε πόρῃσιν.","translation":"expecting some gift for your house, if he should give one.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποτιδέγμενος","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"δῶρον","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτιδέγμενος","gloss":"a gift"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμενος","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνιείης","gloss":"expecting","note":"sarcastic jab: the seer is accused of angling for a bribe/gift, not offering honest prophecy."},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"πόρῃσιν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"he should give"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b2-l187","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"But I will speak out to you, and this will surely come to pass:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"ἐκ here works with ἐρέω as a tmesis-style intensifier: 'I will speak out plainly.'"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will say"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"accomplished"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b2-l188","source":"αἴ κε νεώτερον ἄνδρα παλαιά τε πολλά τε εἰδὼς","translation":"if you, who know much of old and ancient things,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"νεώτερον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποτρύνῃς","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"παλαιά","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"old things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰδὼς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"knowing"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b2-l189","source":"παρφάμενος ἐπέεσσιν ἐποτρύνῃς χαλεπαίνειν,","translation":"beguiling a younger man with your words, urge him to be harsh,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρφάμενος","lemma":"παράφημι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐποτρύνῃς","gloss":"beguiling","note":"παράφημι 'speak amiss/beside the point,' i.e. mislead with words — accuses the seer of manipulating Telemachus."},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of παρφάμενος","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνῃς","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you urge"},{"surface":"χαλεπαίνειν","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐποτρύνῃς","gloss":"to be harsh"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b2-l190","source":"αὐτῷ μέν οἱ πρῶτον ἀνιηρέστερον ἔσται,","translation":"first of all it will be the more grievous for him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"for himself"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀνιηρέστερον","lemma":"ἀνιαρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more grievous"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b2-l191","source":"πρῆξαι δʼ ἔμπης οὔ τι δυνήσεται εἵνεκα τῶνδε·","translation":"and he will be able to accomplish nothing at all on account of these men;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῆξαι","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσεται","gloss":"to accomplish"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δυνήσεται","gloss":"nonetheless"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"anything","note":"οὔ τι reinforces the negation — 'nothing at all,' emphatic double negative typical of Homeric style."},{"surface":"δυνήσεται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he will be able"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"τῶνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"these men"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b2-l192","source":"σοὶ δέ, γέρον, θωὴν ἐπιθήσομεν, ἥν κʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"and on you, old man, we will lay a fine, that in your heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιθήσομεν","gloss":"on you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"θωὴν","lemma":"θωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιθήσομεν","gloss":"a fine"},{"surface":"ἐπιθήσομεν","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will impose","note":"threat of a formal penalty (θωή), showing the suitors treat the assembly as if they held judicial power."},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τίνων","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b2-l193","source":"τίνων ἀσχάλλῃς· χαλεπὸν δέ τοι ἔσσεται ἄλγος.","translation":"you may grieve to pay; and the pain will be hard for you.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίνων","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀσχάλλῃς","gloss":"paying","note":"present participle 'paying (it)' governed by the fine θωήν, completing the threat begun in the previous line."},{"surface":"ἀσχάλλῃς","lemma":"ἀσχάλλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θωὴν","gloss":"you will grieve"},{"surface":"χαλεπὸν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγος","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔσσεται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἄλγος","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"pain"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b2-l194","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ δʼ ἐν πᾶσιν ἐγὼν ὑποθήσομαι αὐτός·","translation":"And to Telemachus, before you all, I myself give this counsel:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑποθήσομαι","gloss":"to Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑποθήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ὑποθήσομαι","lemma":"ὑποτίθημι","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will counsel","note":"emphatic 'I myself' (ἐγὼν...αὐτός) — Eurymachus stresses his own authority in giving this advice publicly."},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐγὼν","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b2-l195","source":"μητέρα ἣν ἐς πατρὸς ἀνωγέτω ἀπονέεσθαι·","translation":"let him bid his mother go back to her father's house;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μητέρα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"father's","note":"i.e. Penelope's father Icarius; sending her back was the standard remedy if a widow's remarriage was to be forced."},{"surface":"ἀνωγέτω","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him bid"},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνωγέτω","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b2-l196","source":"οἱ δὲ γάμον τεύξουσι καὶ ἀρτυνέουσιν ἔεδνα","translation":"and they will arrange the marriage and provide the bridal gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεύξουσι","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"τεύξουσι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will arrange"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρτυνέουσιν","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will provide"},{"surface":"ἔεδνα","lemma":"ἕδνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρτυνέουσιν","gloss":"bridal gifts","note":"ἕδνα are gifts given by the groom's family to the bride's kin — reversed from the modern 'dowry' direction."}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b2-l197","source":"πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα ἔοικε φίλης ἐπὶ παιδὸς ἕπεσθαι.","translation":"very many, such as should go with a beloved daughter.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔεδνα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἕπεσθαι","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔεδνα","gloss":"is fitting","note":"ἔοικα is perfect in form but present in meaning ('seems/is fitting') — common epic quirk."},{"surface":"φίλης","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"daughter","note":"παιδός genitive after ἐπί 'go with/attend upon' a daughter, i.e. bridal gifts accompanying her."},{"surface":"ἕπεσθαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔοικε","gloss":"go with"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b2-l198","source":"οὐ γὰρ πρὶν παύσεσθαι ὀίομαι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"For I do not think the sons of the Achaeans will cease before then","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παύσεσθαι","gloss":"before then"},{"surface":"παύσεσθαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀίομαι","gloss":"will cease"},{"surface":"ὀίομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think","note":"οἴομαι 'I think/suppose' governs the infinitive clause παύσεσθαι...ἕπεσθαι — indirect statement."},{"surface":"υἷας","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of παύσεσθαι","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷας","gloss":"of the Achaeans","note":"Ἀχαιῶν, epic formula 'sons of the Achaeans' = the Achaean warriors/suitors themselves."}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b2-l199","source":"μνηστύος ἀργαλέης, ἐπεὶ οὔ τινα δείδιμεν ἔμπης,","translation":"from their grievous wooing, since we fear no one at all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστύος","lemma":"μνηστύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of παύσεσθαι","gloss":"wooing"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέης","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστύος","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"δείδιμεν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"we fear","note":"δείδιμεν, perfect form with present sense ('we fear/dread'), like ἔοικα above — a recurring epic verb pattern."},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b2-l200","source":"οὔτʼ οὖν Τηλέμαχον μάλα περ πολύμυθον ἐόντα,","translation":"neither Telemachus, for all his flood of words,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"πολύμυθον","lemma":"πολύμυθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"full of words","note":"πολύμυθος 'full of speeches' — a compound epithet, here used dismissively of Telemachus's talkativeness."},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχον","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b2-l201","source":"οὔτε θεοπροπίης ἐμπαζόμεθʼ, ἣν σύ, γεραιέ,","translation":"nor do we heed the prophecy that you, old man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεοπροπίης","lemma":"θεοπροπία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμπαζόμεθ᾽","gloss":"prophecy"},{"surface":"ἐμπαζόμεθ","lemma":"ἐμπάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"we heed"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μυθέαι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μυθέαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γεραιέ","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"γεραιέ, vocative addressing the seer Halitherses directly — the head noun it modifies is elided (a common Homeric ellipsis)."}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b2-l202","source":"μυθέαι ἀκράαντον, ἀπεχθάνεαι δʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον.","translation":"utter to no purpose—and you grow more hateful still.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυθέαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"you utter"},{"surface":"ἀκράαντον","lemma":"ἀκράαντος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"complement of μυθέαι","gloss":"unfulfilled","note":"ἀκράαντον 'unaccomplished, vain' — predicate adjective describing the prophecy as empty talk."},{"surface":"ἀπεχθάνεαι","lemma":"ἀπεχθάνομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"you grow hateful"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπεχθάνεαι","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b2-l203","source":"χρήματα δʼ αὖτε κακῶς βεβρώσεται, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἶσα","translation":"His goods will be wickedly devoured, and there will never be","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρήματα","lemma":"χρῆμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of οὐ","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβρώσεται","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβρώσεται","gloss":"wickedly"},{"surface":"βεβρώσεται","lemma":"βιβρώσκω","morphology":"future perfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be devoured","note":"βεβρώσεται, future perfect passive of βιβρώσκω — rare tense stressing the completed state of ruin still to come."},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b2-l204","source":"ἔσσεται, ὄφρα κεν ἥ γε διατρίβῃσιν Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"requital, so long as she keeps the Achaeans waiting on","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there will be"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so long as"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of διατρίβῃσιν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"διατρίβῃσιν","lemma":"διατρίβω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"delays","note":"διατρίβῃσιν, subjunctive with κεν after ὄφρα expressing an indefinite future condition ('as long as she keeps delaying')."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of διατρίβῃσιν","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b2-l205","source":"ὃν γάμον· ἡμεῖς δʼ αὖ ποτιδέγμενοι ἤματα πάντα","translation":"her marriage; and we, awaiting it day after day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γάμον","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διατρίβῃσιν","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐριδαίνομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐριδαίνομεν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμενοι","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐριδαίνομεν","gloss":"awaiting","note":"ποτιδέγμενοι, epic/Ionic form of προσδεχόμενος 'awaiting' — note the assimilated preverb ποτι- for προσ-."},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ποτιδέγμενοι","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b2-l206","source":"εἵνεκα τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐριδαίνομεν, οὐδὲ μετʼ ἄλλας","translation":"contend with one another for the sake of her excellence, nor do we go after other women","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l206.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀρετῆς","title":"aretê here","body":"ἀρετή usually means \"excellence\" or \"virtue\"; here it points to Penelope's surpassing worth as a bride. The suitors compete for it as a prize."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀρετῆς","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἀρετῆς","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"excellence","note":"ἀρετή here means Penelope's outstanding virtue/merit, not moral 'virtue' abstractly — the suitors compete over her quality as a woman."},{"surface":"ἐριδαίνομεν","lemma":"ἐριδαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we vie"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἄλλας","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"other women"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b2-l207","source":"ἐρχόμεθʼ, ἃς ἐπιεικὲς ὀπυιέμεν ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ.","translation":"whom it would be fitting for each of us to marry.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχόμεθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we go"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὀπυιέμεν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικὲς","lemma":"ἐπιεικής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"ὀπυιέμεν","lemma":"ὀπυίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"to marry","note":"ὀπυιέμεν, epic infinitive (-έμεν ending) of ὀπυίω 'to marry/wed a woman' — used specifically of the husband's act."},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλας","gloss":"it is"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπιεικὲς","gloss":"for each"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b2-l208","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος 'prudent/wise', a fixed Homeric epithet regularly attached to Telemachus's name."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b2-l209","source":"Εὐρύμαχʼ ἠδὲ καὶ ἄλλοι, ὅσοι μνηστῆρες ἀγαυοί,","translation":"\"Eurymachus, and you others, all you proud suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχ","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοί","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"proud","note":"ἀγαυοί 'illustrious/proud' used ironically here — Telemachus's polite vocative barely masks his contempt for the suitors."}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b2-l210","source":"ταῦτα μὲν οὐχ ὑμέας ἔτι λίσσομαι οὐδʼ ἀγορεύω·","translation":"of these things I no longer entreat you nor make speeches;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὑμέας","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative plural pronoun","role":"object of λίσσομαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίσσομαι","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"λίσσομαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I beg"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I proclaim","note":"ἀγορεύω 'speak in assembly, proclaim' — Telemachus signals he is done making public appeals to the suitors."}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b2-l211","source":"ἤδη γὰρ τὰ ἴσασι θεοὶ καὶ πάντες Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"for now the gods know them, and all the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴσασι","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴσασι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἴσασι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know","note":"ἴσασι, perfect of οἶδα used as present 'they know' — classic Greek stative-perfect pattern."},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b2-l212","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι δότε νῆα θοὴν καὶ εἴκοσʼ ἑταίρους,","translation":"But come, give me a swift ship and twenty companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δότε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δότε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give","note":"δότε, aorist imperative plural 'give!' — Telemachus's demand shifts abruptly to a direct command."},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴκοσ","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b2-l213","source":"οἵ κέ μοι ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα διαπρήσσωσι κέλευθον.","translation":"who may accomplish my voyage for me this way and that.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διαπρήσσωσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of διαπρήσσωσι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there","note":"ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα 'this way and that' — idiomatic doubling for crossing the sea back and forth."},{"surface":"διαπρήσσωσι","lemma":"διαπράσσω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑταίρους","gloss":"may accomplish"},{"surface":"κέλευθον","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διαπρήσσωσι","gloss":"voyage"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b2-l214","source":"εἶμι γὰρ ἐς Σπάρτην τε καὶ ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα","translation":"For I will go to Sparta and to sandy Pylos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l214.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἠμαθόεντα","title":"sandy Pylos","body":"ἠμαθόεις (\"sandy\") is a stock epithet for Pylos, modifying it in the accusative as the goal of motion. Place-epithets are part of the formulaic diction."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will go"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Σπάρτην","lemma":"Σπάρτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Sparta"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἠμαθόεντα","lemma":"ἠμαθόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλον","gloss":"sandy","note":"ἠμαθόεντα 'sandy', a standing Homeric epithet for Pylos referring to its coastal terrain."}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b2-l215","source":"νόστον πευσόμενος πατρὸς δὴν οἰχομένοιο,","translation":"to learn of the homecoming of my father, long gone away,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l215.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"nostos, homecoming","body":"νόστος is the return home from war or wandering—the governing theme of the whole poem. Telemachus seeks news of his father's nostos."}],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πευσόμενος","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"πευσόμενος","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"future participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"to learn of","note":"πευσόμενος, future participle expressing purpose: 'going... in order to learn of.'"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"of my father"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰχομένοιο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"οἰχομένοιο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"gone away"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b2-l216","source":"ἤν τίς μοι εἴπῃσι βροτῶν ἢ ὄσσαν ἀκούσω","translation":"in case some mortal may tell me, or I may hear a rumor","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπῃσι","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴπῃσι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"εἴπῃσι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"tells"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὄσσαν","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀκούσω","gloss":"a rumor","note":"ὄσσα 'rumor/report', personified elsewhere as a minor messenger-goddess of Zeus."},{"surface":"ἀκούσω","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"I hear"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b2-l217","source":"ἐκ Διός, ἥ τε μάλιστα φέρει κλέος ἀνθρώποισιν·","translation":"from Zeus, which above all brings men tidings of fame.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρει","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὄσσαν","gloss":"brings"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"fame","note":"κλέος 'fame/renown', a central Homeric value word — rumor from Zeus carries authoritative report of a man's fate."},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"to men"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b2-l218","source":"εἰ μέν κεν πατρὸς βίοτον καὶ νόστον ἀκούσω,","translation":"If I hear that my father is alive and homeward bound,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of my father"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"ἀκούσω","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"I hear"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b2-l219","source":"ἦ τʼ ἄν, τρυχόμενός περ, ἔτι τλαίην ἐνιαυτόν·","translation":"then, worn down though I am, I would still endure for a year;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"τρυχόμενός","lemma":"τρύχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τλαίην","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνιαυτόν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"τλαίην","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would endure","note":"τλαίην, aorist optative expressing potential 'I would bear it' — optative + ἄν for a hypothetical future."},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτόν","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τλαίην","gloss":"a year"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b2-l220","source":"εἰ δέ κε τεθνηῶτος ἀκούσω μηδʼ ἔτʼ ἐόντος,","translation":"but if I hear that he is dead and no longer living,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"τεθνηῶτος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"dead","note":"τεθνηῶτος, perfect participle 'having died/being dead' — genitive object of ἀκούσω: verbs of hearing/perceiving take a genitive participle for the person perceived ('hear that he is dead'), not a genitive absolute."},{"surface":"ἀκούσω","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"I hear"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντος","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b2-l221","source":"νοστήσας δὴ ἔπειτα φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"then, returning home to my dear native land,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστήσας","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having returned"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b2-l222","source":"σῆμά τέ οἱ χεύω καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερεΐξω","translation":"I will heap up a grave-mound for him and pay the funeral rites due him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῆμά","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χεύω","gloss":"a grave-mound","note":"σῆμα here means a burial marker/mound, not 'sign' in the abstract — concrete funerary sense."},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χεύω","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"χεύω","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will heap up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"κτέρεα","lemma":"κτέρεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κτερεΐξω","gloss":"funeral rites"},{"surface":"κτερεΐξω","lemma":"κτερείζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will perform"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b2-l223","source":"πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα ἔοικε, καὶ ἀνέρι μητέρα δώσω.","translation":"many of them, as is fitting, and I will give my mother to a husband.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἔοικε","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"is fitting"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"to a husband"},{"surface":"μητέρα","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"my mother"},{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give","note":"δώσω 'I will give (in marriage)' — Telemachus assumes control over Penelope's remarriage as head of household."}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b2-l224","source":"ἦ τοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο, τοῖσι δʼ\n                  ἀνέστη","translation":"When he had spoken so, he sat down, and among them rose up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down","note":"ἕζετο, standard formulaic close to a speech ('so speaking, he sat down') marking the end of a character's turn."},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b2-l225","source":"Μέντωρ, ὅς ῥʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος ἦεν ἑταῖρος,","translation":"Mentor, who was the companion of blameless Odysseus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντωρ","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέστη","gloss":"Mentor"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"ῥʼ = ἄρα elided after the relative, a light epic connective, not a full word to translate."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"was","note":"ἦεν is the epic imperfect of εἰμί (=ἦν), common Homeric form."},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"companion"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b2-l226","source":"καί οἱ ἰὼν ἐν νηυσὶν ἐπέτρεπεν οἶκον ἅπαντα,","translation":"and to whom, as he sailed away in his ships, he had entrusted his whole house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτρεπεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτρεπεν","gloss":"going","note":"ἰών, present participle of εἶμι 'go', used of Odysseus' departure by ship."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπέτρεπεν","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"entrusted"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέτρεπεν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"entire"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b2-l227","source":"πείθεσθαί τε γέροντι καὶ ἔμπεδα πάντα φυλάσσειν·","translation":"to obey the old man and to keep everything safe and sound.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l227.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πείθεσθαι ... φυλάσσειν","title":"Infinitives of charge","body":"The two infinitives spell out the instructions Odysseus gave: to obey and to guard. They depend on the entrusting in the previous line."}],"words":[{"surface":"πείθεσθαί","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πείθεσθαί","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδα","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"complement of φυλάσσειν","gloss":"steadfast","note":"ἔμπεδα 'firm, secure' modifies πάντα as an adverbial complement: keep things 'firmly' safe."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φυλάσσειν","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"φυλάσσειν","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to keep safe"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b2-l228","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"He, with good will toward them, addressed the assembly and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φρονέων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"thinking","note":"ἐὺ φρονέων 'thinking well toward' = with good will, a stock formulaic phrase."},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b2-l229","source":"κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν\n                     εἴπω·","translation":"\"Hear me now, men of Ithaca, in what I have to say.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear!","note":"κέκλυτε is a reduplicated aorist imperative of κλύω (not a perfect form), used to open a speech, 'hear ye'."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκλυτε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ἰθακήσιοι","lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"men of Ithaca","note":"vocative plural addressing the assembly directly."},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indef.)","note":"κεν with subjunctive εἴπω marks a general/indefinite relative clause, 'whatever I may say'."},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b2-l230","source":"μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω","translation":"Let no sceptered king from now on be kindly, gentle, and mild,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βασιλεύς","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"ἀγανὸς","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤπιος","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mild"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him be","note":"ἔστω, 3rd-sg imperative of εἰμί, forms the wish/command 'let no king be...'."}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b2-l231","source":"σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς, μηδὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς,","translation":"nor mindful in his heart of what is right,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l231.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σκηπτοῦχος","title":"Sceptre-bearing","body":"An epithet of kings: the sceptre is the visible token of authority granted by Zeus."}],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτοῦχος","lemma":"σκηπτοῦχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλεύς","gloss":"scepter-bearing"},{"surface":"βασιλεύς","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"αἴσιμα","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"just things"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"knowing","note":"εἰδώς, perfect participle of οἶδα used with present force 'knowing'."}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b2-l232","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ χαλεπός τʼ εἴη καὶ αἴσυλα ῥέζοι·","translation":"but let him always be harsh and do what is wicked,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l232.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴη ... ῥέζοι","title":"Optatives of wish","body":"Mentor uses optatives to frame a bitter wish: since the people forget good kings, let them have only cruel ones. The mood marks the unreal, sarcastic prayer."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"χαλεπός","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may be","note":"εἴη, optative of εἰμί expressing a wish, paired with ῥέζοι below."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴσυλα","lemma":"αἴσυλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζοι","gloss":"wicked deeds"},{"surface":"ῥέζοι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may do","note":"ῥέζοι, present optative of ῥέζω, wish-form matching εἴη — a bitter double wish."}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b2-l233","source":"ὡς οὔ τις μέμνηται Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο","translation":"since no one remembers godlike Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to μέμνηται","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μέμνηται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μέμνηται","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembers","note":"μέμνηται, perfect middle of μιμνήσκω used with present sense 'remembers'."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέμνηται","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b2-l234","source":"λαῶν οἷσιν ἄνασσε, πατὴρ δʼ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν.","translation":"among the people he ruled, though he was gentle as a father.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the people"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνασσε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἄνασσε","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λαῶν","gloss":"ruled"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἤπιος","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b2-l235","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι μνηστῆρας ἀγήνορας οὔ τι μεγαίρω","translation":"Yet I do not so much begrudge the proud suitors","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"τοι, an untranslatable epic particle of assurance/emphasis, common in speeches."},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μεγαίρω","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορας","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μεγαίρω","lemma":"μεγαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begrudge"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b2-l236","source":"ἔρδειν ἔργα βίαια κακορραφίῃσι νόοιο·","translation":"for doing their violent deeds in the malice of their minds;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρδειν","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεγαίρω","gloss":"to do"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔρδειν","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"βίαια","lemma":"βίαιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"violent"},{"surface":"κακορραφίῃσι","lemma":"κακορραφία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔρδειν","gloss":"through malice","note":"κακορραφίῃσι 'evil devisings/malice', a rare compound noun (κακός+ῥάπτω 'stitch together evil')."},{"surface":"νόοιο","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κακορραφίῃσι","gloss":"of mind"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b2-l237","source":"σφὰς γὰρ παρθέμενοι κεφαλὰς κατέδουσι βιαίως","translation":"for it is their own heads they stake when they devour by force","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l237.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παρθέμενοι κεφαλάς","title":"Staking their heads","body":"A gambling image: the suitors wager their own lives that Odysseus will never return. Mentor warns they will lose the bet."}],"words":[{"surface":"σφὰς","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλὰς","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"παρθέμενοι","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέδουσι","gloss":"staking","note":"παρθέμενοι, aorist middle participle of παρατίθημι 'set beside/risk', vivid metaphor of staking one's own life."},{"surface":"κεφαλὰς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρθέμενοι","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"κατέδουσι","lemma":"κατέδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devour"},{"surface":"βιαίως","lemma":"βίαιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέδουσι","gloss":"violently"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b2-l238","source":"οἶκον Ὀδυσσῆος, τὸν δʼ οὐκέτι φασὶ νέεσθαι.","translation":"the house of Odysseus, whom they say will come home no more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατέδουσι","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νέεσθαι","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"φασὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φασὶ","gloss":"will return"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b2-l239","source":"νῦν δʼ ἄλλῳ δήμῳ νεμεσίζομαι, οἷον ἅπαντες","translation":"But now I am indignant at the rest of the people, how you all","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l239.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νεμεσίζομαι","title":"Righteous indignation","body":"Nemesis is the proper anger felt at conduct that violates what is fitting. Mentor turns it not on the suitors but on the silent bystanders."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεμεσίζομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"the rest of"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of νεμεσίζομαι","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"νεμεσίζομαι","lemma":"νεμεσίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am indignant","note":"νεμεσίζομαι, middle deponent 'feel righteous anger/indignation', a key epic emotion-word."},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἧσθ᾽","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b2-l240","source":"ἧσθʼ ἄνεῳ, ἀτὰρ οὔ τι καθαπτόμενοι ἐπέεσσι","translation":"sit in silence, and never with words of rebuke","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧσθ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"sit","note":"ἧσθ(ε), perfect of ἧμαι 'sit' used with present force, 'you all sit'."},{"surface":"ἄνεῳ","lemma":"ἄνεω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσθ᾽","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"καθαπτόμενοι","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καταπαύετε","gloss":"rebuking"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καθαπτόμενοι","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b2-l241","source":"παύρους μνηστῆρας καταπαύετε πολλοὶ ἐόντες.","translation":"do you restrain the few suitors, though you are many.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l241.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παύρους ... πολλοὶ ἐόντες","title":"Few against many","body":"The contrast between 'few suitors' and 'you being many' is pointed: the participle clause underscores that the people have the numbers to act and do not."}],"words":[{"surface":"παύρους","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καταπαύετε","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"καταπαύετε","lemma":"καταπαύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"object of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"restrain"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καταπαύετε","gloss":"being","note":"ἐόντες, epic present participle of εἰμί 'being', concessive 'though being many'."}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b2-l242","source":"τὸν δʼ Εὐηνορίδης Λειώκριτος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Leiocritus son of Euenor answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Εὐηνορίδης","lemma":"Εὐηνορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λειώκριτος","gloss":"son of Euenor","note":"-ίδης patronymic suffix marks 'son of', standard epic naming pattern."},{"surface":"Λειώκριτος","lemma":"Λειώκριτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Leiocritus"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b2-l243","source":"Μέντορ ἀταρτηρέ, φρένας ἠλεέ, ποῖον ἔειπες","translation":"\"Mentor, you mischief-maker, out of your wits, what a thing to say,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντορ","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Mentor"},{"surface":"ἀταρτηρέ","lemma":"ἀταρτηρός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"mischievous"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠλεέ","gloss":"in wits","note":"φρένας is accusative of respect with ἠλεέ: 'crazed in your wits'."},{"surface":"ἠλεέ","lemma":"ἠλεός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"crazed"},{"surface":"ποῖον","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you said"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b2-l244","source":"ἡμέας ὀτρύνων καταπαυέμεν. ἀργαλέον δὲ","translation":"urging them to hold us back! It is a hard thing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταπαυέμεν","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπες","gloss":"urging"},{"surface":"καταπαυέμεν","lemma":"καταπαύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνων","gloss":"to restrain","note":"καταπαυέμεν, epic infinitive ending -έμεν (=-εῖν), archaic alternate form."},{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b2-l245","source":"ἀνδράσι καὶ πλεόνεσσι μαχήσασθαι περὶ δαιτί.","translation":"to fight over a feast against men who are even more in number.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαχήσασθαι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πλεόνεσσι","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"dative plural comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"more numerous"},{"surface":"μαχήσασθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δαιτί","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"a feast"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b2-l246","source":"εἴ περ γάρ κʼ Ὀδυσεὺς Ἰθακήσιος αὐτὸς ἐπελθὼν","translation":"For even if Odysseus of Ithaca himself were to come","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l246.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴ περ ... ἐπελθὼν ... μενοινήσειε","title":"Future-less-vivid condition","body":"The protasis uses the optative to imagine an unlikely case: even supposing Odysseus came and set his heart on driving them out. It sets up Leiocritus' boast that he would still die."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μενοινήσει᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"Ἰθακήσιος","lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μενοινήσει᾽","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b2-l247","source":"δαινυμένους κατὰ δῶμα ἑὸν μνηστῆρας ἀγαυοὺς","translation":"and long in his heart to drive out of the hall the proud suitors","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαινυμένους","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"feasting"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσαι","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὺς","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b2-l248","source":"ἐξελάσαι μεγάροιο μενοινήσειʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ,","translation":"feasting throughout his house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξελάσαι","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μενοινήσει᾽","gloss":"to drive out"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσαι","gloss":"from the hall"},{"surface":"μενοινήσει","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should long","note":"μενοινήσει(ε), aorist optative expressing a hypothetical wish/intent, 'were to yearn'."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b2-l249","source":"οὔ κέν οἱ κεχάροιτο γυνή, μάλα περ χατέουσα,","translation":"his wife would take no joy in his coming, however much she longed for him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κεχάροιτο","gloss":"in him"},{"surface":"κεχάροιτο","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would rejoice","note":"κεχάροιτο is a reduplicated aorist optative of χαίρω (not a perfect form), expressing potential mood with οὔ κεν, 'she would (not) rejoice'."},{"surface":"γυνή","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κεχάροιτο","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"χατέουσα","lemma":"χατέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κεχάροιτο","gloss":"longing"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b2-l250","source":"ἐλθόντʼ, ἀλλά κεν αὐτοῦ ἀεικέα πότμον ἐπίσποι,","translation":"but right there he would meet an unseemly death,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l250.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀεικέα πότμον","title":"Unseemly death","body":"A death without honor or proper rites — Leiocritus' arrogant claim that the returning master would be cut down in his own home."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"having come","note":"ἐλθόντ(α), aorist participle agreeing with 'him' (Odysseus), 'at his coming'."},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπίσποι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πότμον","gloss":"unseemly"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπίσποι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἐπίσποι","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would meet"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b2-l251","source":"εἰ πλεόνεσσι μάχοιτο· σὺ δʼ οὐ κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.","translation":"if he fought against numbers. You have not spoken as is fitting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l251.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ μοῖραν","title":"As is fitting","body":"The phrase 'according to one's portion' means rightly, in due measure — the standard Homeric praise for fitting speech, here denied to Mentor."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πλεόνεσσι","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"dative plural comparative adjective","role":"object of μάχοιτο","gloss":"more numerous"},{"surface":"μάχοιτο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"should fight"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔειπες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"what is fitting","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν 'according to due measure/fate' = properly, a common Homeric idiom of propriety."},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have spoken"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b2-l252","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε, λαοὶ μὲν σκίδνασθʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα ἕκαστος,","translation":"But come, let the people scatter, each to his own work,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!","note":"ἄγε, fossilized imperative used as an interjection 'come now', very frequent in speeches."},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of σκίδνασθ᾽","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(on one hand)"},{"surface":"σκίδνασθ","lemma":"σκίδνημι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scatter!"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to σκίδνασθ᾽","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b2-l253","source":"τούτῳ δʼ ὀτρυνέει Μέντωρ ὁδὸν ἠδʼ Ἁλιθέρσης,","translation":"and Mentor and Halitherses can speed this fellow on his journey,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούτῳ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀτρυνέει","gloss":"this fellow"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρυνέει","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will speed on","note":"Future ὀτρύνω 'urge on' governs both subjects that follow, epic word order delays the subject."},{"surface":"Μέντωρ","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"Mentor"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀτρυνέει","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἁλιθέρσης","lemma":"Ἁλιθέρσης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"Halitherses"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b2-l254","source":"οἵ τέ οἱ ἐξ ἀρχῆς πατρώιοί εἰσιν ἑταῖροι.","translation":"they who from the first are his father's companions.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"τε here is generalizing, marking a timeless relative clause typical of Homeric gnomic statements."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀρχῆς","lemma":"ἀρχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"the beginning"},{"surface":"πατρώιοί","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"ancestral"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδ᾽","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b2-l255","source":"ἀλλʼ ὀίω, καὶ δηθὰ καθήμενος ἀγγελιάων","translation":"But I think that, sitting still a long while, he will wait for news","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὀίω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think","note":"οἴομαι 1st-singular breaks from narration into the speaker's own judgment mid-speech."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθήμενος","gloss":"for a long while"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πεύσεται","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἀγγελιάων","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of πεύσεται","gloss":"news"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b2-l256","source":"πεύσεται εἰν Ἰθάκῃ, τελέει δʼ ὁδὸν οὔ ποτε ταύτην.","translation":"here in Ithaca, and will never accomplish this voyage.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεύσεται","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"will learn","note":"πυνθάνομαι future middle, 'get word of'—governs the genitive ἀγγελιάων from the previous line."},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"τελέει","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"will complete"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τελέει","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ταύτην","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b2-l257","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, λῦσεν δʼ ἀγορὴν αἰψηρήν.","translation":"So he spoke, and quickly broke up the assembly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφώνησεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφώνησεν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"Formulaic closing line ὣς ἄρ᾽ ἐφώνησεν marks the end of a speech throughout Homer."},{"surface":"λῦσεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λῦσεν","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"αἰψηρήν","lemma":"αἰψηρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to λῦσεν","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b2-l258","source":"οἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐσκίδναντο ἑὰ πρὸς δώμαθʼ ἕκαστος,","translation":"They scattered then, each to his own home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσκίδναντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐσκίδναντο","lemma":"σκίδνημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered","note":"σκίδνημι imperfect: vivid picture of the crowd dispersing, matches the aspect of an ongoing action."},{"surface":"ἑὰ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"their own"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"homes"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐσκίδναντο","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b2-l259","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ἐς δώματʼ ἴσαν θείου Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"and the suitors went to the house of godlike Odysseus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴσαν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"ἴσαν is the (unaugmented) imperfect indicative of εἶμι, functioning as the past tense of ἔρχομαι in epic — not a present-tense form doing imperfect duty."},{"surface":"θείου","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b2-l260","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἀπάνευθε κιὼν ἐπὶ θῖνα θαλάσσης,","translation":"But Telemachus, walking off alone to the shore of the sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εὔχετ᾽","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κιὼν","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"going","note":"κίω is a rare epic verb for 'go,' used almost only in participial form like this."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"θῖνα","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θῖνα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b2-l261","source":"χεῖρας νιψάμενος πολιῆς ἁλὸς εὔχετʼ Ἀθήνῃ·","translation":"washed his hands in the gray brine and prayed to Athena:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l261.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολιῆς ἁλὸς","title":"Genitive after washing","body":"The genitive 'of the gray sea' marks the source from which he washes — a partitive sense, drawing water from it. 'Gray sea' is a standard Homeric color-epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of νιψάμενος","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"νιψάμενος","lemma":"νίζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"washing","note":"Middle voice νιψάμενος: he washes his own hands, a ritual purification before prayer."},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of νιψάμενος","gloss":"of the brine"},{"surface":"εὔχετ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εὔχετ᾽","gloss":"to Athena"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b2-l262","source":"κλῦθί μευ, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες ἡμέτερον δῶ","translation":"\"Hear me, you god who came yesterday to our house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθί","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλῦθί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"χθιζὸς","lemma":"χθιζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθες","gloss":"yesterday's","note":"χθιζός 'of yesterday' recalls Athena's earlier visit disguised as Mentes in Book 1."},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθες","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ἤλυθες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤλυθες","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b2-l263","source":"καί μʼ ἐν νηὶ κέλευσας ἐπʼ ἠεροειδέα πόντον","translation":"and bade me go in a ship over the misty sea","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρχεσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"κέλευσας","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"bade"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδέα","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"misty","note":"ἠεροειδής 'air-colored, hazy' is a stock Homeric epithet for the open sea."},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b2-l264","source":"νόστον πευσόμενον πατρὸς δὴν οἰχομένοιο","translation":"to seek news of the homecoming of my father, long gone away —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l264.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"Nostos (homecoming)","body":"The return home is the central theme of the whole poem; the noun nostos names both the journey and its goal."}],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πευσόμενον","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"πευσόμενον","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"future participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεσθαι","gloss":"to seek news of"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of νόστον","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰχομένοιο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"οἰχομένοιο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"being gone","note":"οἴχομαι present participle with perfect sense—'having gone away and still absent.'"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b2-l265","source":"ἔρχεσθαι· τὰ δὲ πάντα διατρίβουσιν Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"all this the Achaeans hinder,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσας","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies διατρίβουσιν","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"διατρίβουσιν","lemma":"διατρίβω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hinder","note":"διατρίβω 'wear away, obstruct'—the suitors actively block Telemachus's journey."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of διατρίβουσιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b2-l266","source":"μνηστῆρες δὲ μάλιστα κακῶς ὑπερηνορέοντες.","translation":"and most of all the suitors in their wicked arrogance.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπερηνορέοντες","gloss":"wickedly"},{"surface":"ὑπερηνορέοντες","lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"acting arrogant","note":"ὑπερηνορέων, 'overbearing'—a rare compound built on ἀνήρ, capturing the suitors' insolence."}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b2-l267","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἦλθεν Ἀθήνη,","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Athena came near to him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"σχεδόθεν","lemma":"σχεδόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"near at hand"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came","note":"ἦλθεν answers the prayer instantly, a typical epic device of swift divine response."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b2-l268","source":"Μέντορι εἰδομένη ἠμὲν δέμας ἠδὲ καὶ αὐδήν,","translation":"in the likeness of Mentor both in form and in voice,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l268.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Μέντορι εἰδομένη","title":"Disguise in the dative","body":"The participle 'likening herself' takes a dative of the one she resembles. Athena's habit of disguise drives much of the book's action."}],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντορι","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδομένη","gloss":"Mentor"},{"surface":"εἰδομένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to Ἀθήνη","gloss":"disguised as","note":"εἴδομαι 'appear like'—Athena assumes Mentor's exact form and voice, standard epic disguise motif."},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in voice"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b2-l269","source":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and she spoke and addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l269.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"One of Homer's most frequent formulas, marking the start of direct speech — words that fly from speaker to hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φωνήσασ᾽","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words'—one of Homer's most famous formulaic phrases introducing speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b2-l270","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, οὐδʼ ὄπιθεν κακὸς ἔσσεαι οὐδʼ\n                     ἀνοήμων,","translation":"\"Telemachus, you will be neither base nor witless in the days to come,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"base, cowardly"},{"surface":"ἔσσεαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will be"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἀνοήμων","lemma":"ἀνοήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witless"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b2-l271","source":"εἰ δή τοι σοῦ πατρὸς ἐνέστακται μένος ἠύ,","translation":"if indeed your father's noble strength is instilled in you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"σοῦ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ἐνέστακται","lemma":"ἐνστάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is instilled","note":"ἐνστάζω 'drip in'—a vivid image of paternal spirit poured drop by drop into the son."},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐνέστακται","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἠύ","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b2-l272","source":"οἷος κεῖνος ἔην τελέσαι ἔργον τε ἔπος τε·","translation":"such a man as he was, to accomplish both deed and word;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l272.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔργον τε ἔπος τε","title":"Deed and word","body":"A formulaic pairing praising the complete hero who is effective in both action and speech."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πατρὸς","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"τελέσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to οἷος","gloss":"to accomplish"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"word","note":"ἔργον τε ἔπος τε 'deed and word'—a formulaic pairing praising complete competence, in speech and action."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b2-l273","source":"οὔ τοι ἔπειθʼ ἁλίη ὁδὸς ἔσσεται οὐδʼ ἀτέλεστος.","translation":"then this journey of yours will be neither vain nor unfulfilled.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ὁδὸς","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἁλίη","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"vain"},{"surface":"ὁδὸς","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἀτέλεστος","lemma":"ἀτέλεστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unfulfilled"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b2-l274","source":"εἰ δʼ οὐ κείνου γʼ ἐσσὶ γόνος καὶ Πηνελοπείης,","translation":"But if you are not the offspring of him and of Penelope,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of that man"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐσσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"γόνος","lemma":"γόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείης","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Penelope"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b2-l275","source":"οὐ σέ γʼ ἔπειτα ἔολπα τελευτήσειν, ἃ μενοινᾷς.","translation":"then I have no hope you will accomplish what you long for.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of τελευτήσειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔολπα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔολπα","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I hope","note":"ἔολπα, perfect with present force ('I have come to hope'), a common Homeric perfect-as-present verb."},{"surface":"τελευτήσειν","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔολπα","gloss":"will accomplish"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μενοινᾷς","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"μενοινᾷς","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of τελευτήσειν","gloss":"you long for"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b2-l276","source":"παῦροι γάρ τοι παῖδες ὁμοῖοι πατρὶ πέλονται,","translation":"For few are the sons who turn out equal to their fathers;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῦροι","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖοι","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμοῖοι","gloss":"to their father"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn out","note":"πέλονται, epic present of 'become/prove to be,' framing this as a timeless proverb."}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b2-l277","source":"οἱ πλέονες κακίους, παῦροι δέ τε πατρὸς ἀρείους.","translation":"most are worse, and few are better than their father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l277.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κακίους ... ἀρείους","title":"Comparatives weighed","body":"The men-de balance sets 'worse' against 'better,' a maxim on the rarity of sons surpassing their fathers."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies πλέονες","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πλέονες","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"κακίους","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"παῦροι","lemma":"παῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"few"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρείους","gloss":"than their father"},{"surface":"ἀρείους","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"ἀρείων, comparative of ἀγαθός—contrasts with κακίους to complete the proverb's balance."}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b2-l278","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ὄπιθεν κακὸς ἔσσεαι οὐδʼ ἀνοήμων,","translation":"But since you will be neither base nor witless in the days to come,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ὄπιθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"ἔσσεαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"you will be"},{"surface":"ἀνοήμων","lemma":"ἀνοήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"witless"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b2-l279","source":"οὐδέ σε πάγχυ γε μῆτις Ὀδυσσῆος προλέλοιπεν,","translation":"and the cunning of Odysseus has not wholly failed you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l279.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῆτις","title":"Mêtis (cunning)","body":"The shrewd, resourceful intelligence that defines Odysseus. Athena sees a measure of it surviving in his son."}],"words":[{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of προλέλοιπεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πάγχυ","lemma":"πάγχυ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προλέλοιπεν","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μῆτις","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προλέλοιπεν","gloss":"cunning","note":"μῆτις, Odysseus's signature quality—Athena assures Telemachus he has inherited his father's craft."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆτις","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"προλέλοιπεν","lemma":"προλείπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὐ","gloss":"has failed"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b2-l280","source":"ἐλπωρή τοι ἔπειτα τελευτῆσαι τάδε ἔργα.","translation":"there is hope, then, that you will accomplish these deeds.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλπωρή","lemma":"ἐλπωρή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hope"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τελευτῆσαι","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐλπωρή","gloss":"to accomplish"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τελευτῆσαι","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b2-l281","source":"τῶ νῦν μνηστήρων μὲν ἔα βουλήν τε νόον τε","translation":"So now let go the plan and purpose of the suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔα","gloss":"therefore","note":"τῷ here is an old instrumental adverb 'therefore,' not the article—easy to confuse with dative τῷ."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let go"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"purpose"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b2-l282","source":"ἀφραδέων, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι νοήμονες οὐδὲ δίκαιοι·","translation":"the senseless ones, for they are neither prudent nor just;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφραδέων","lemma":"ἀφραδής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστήρων","gloss":"senseless (men)","note":"gen. pl. epithet dangling from prior line, modifying 'suitors'"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"νοήμονες","lemma":"νοήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"δίκαιοι","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b2-l283","source":"οὐδέ τι ἴσασιν θάνατον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν,","translation":"they have no knowledge of death and the black doom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l283.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κῆρα μέλαιναν","title":"Black doom","body":"The kêr is the death-spirit, the personified fate of dying; 'black' is its constant grim epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἴσασιν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they know","note":"perfect οἶδα with present sense 'know/have knowledge'"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom","note":"κήρ = personified death-spirit, distinct from θάνατος"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b2-l284","source":"ὃς δή σφι σχεδόν ἐστιν, ἐπʼ ἤματι πάντας ὀλέσθαι.","translation":"which is now close upon them, to perish all in a single day.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστιν","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"σχεδόν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"day","note":"ἐπ' ἤματι = 'in a single day', dative of time"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies ἐστιν","gloss":"to perish","note":"aorist middle infinitive of ὄλλυμι, epexegetic to ἐστιν"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b2-l285","source":"σοὶ δʼ ὁδὸς οὐκέτι δηρὸν ἀπέσσεται ἣν σὺ μενοινᾷς·","translation":"The journey you long for will not long be delayed;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ὁδὸς","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁδὸς","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέσσεται","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέσσεται","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπέσσεται","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀπέσσεται","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be away","note":"future of ἄπειμι 'be absent/delayed', governs δηρὸν"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μενοινᾷς","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μενοινᾷς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μενοινᾷς","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὁδὸς","gloss":"long for"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b2-l286","source":"τοῖος γάρ τοι ἑταῖρος ἐγὼ πατρώιός εἰμι,","translation":"for I am such a friend of your father's house,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πατρώιός","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρος","gloss":"of your father","note":"πατρώιος 'ancestral, of the father' - Mentes claims old family bond"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b2-l287","source":"ὅς τοι νῆα θοὴν στελέω καὶ ἅμʼ ἕψομαι αὐτός.","translation":"I who will fit out a swift ship for you and come along myself.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of στελέω","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὅς","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of στελέω","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"στελέω","lemma":"στέλλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"will fit out"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕψομαι","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕψομαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"will follow","note":"future middle of ἕπομαι, 'I will come along'"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕψομαι","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b2-l288","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν πρὸς δώματʼ ἰὼν μνηστῆρσιν ὁμίλει,","translation":"But go now to the house and mingle with the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁμίλει","gloss":"going","note":"participle of εἶμι 'go', irregular verb common in epic"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμίλει","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ὁμίλει","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mingle with"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b2-l289","source":"ὅπλισσόν τʼ ἤια καὶ ἄγγεσιν ἄρσον ἅπαντα,","translation":"and make ready provisions, and stow everything in vessels —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅπλισσόν","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepare!","note":"aorist imperative, sigmatic doubling ὅπλισσον is epic/Aeolic-style spelling"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤια","lemma":"ἤια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὅπλισσόν","gloss":"provisions"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγγεσιν","lemma":"ἄγγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄρσον","gloss":"in vessels"},{"surface":"ἄρσον","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stow!"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄρσον","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b2-l290","source":"οἶνον ἐν ἀμφιφορεῦσι, καὶ ἄλφιτα, μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"wine in two-handled jars, and barley meal, the marrow of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l290.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν","title":"Marrow of men","body":"A vivid metaphor for barley meal as the strength-giving staple of life, the 'marrow' that sustains men."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀμφιφορεῦσι","lemma":"ἀμφιφορεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"two-handled jars"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλφιτα","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"barley meal"},{"surface":"μυελὸν","lemma":"μυελός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"marrow","note":"'marrow of men' = a formulaic kenning for nourishing grain"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μυελὸν","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b2-l291","source":"δέρμασιν ἐν πυκινοῖσιν· ἐγὼ δʼ ἀνὰ δῆμον ἑταίρους","translation":"in close-sewn skins. And I will go through the land and gather","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέρμασιν","lemma":"δέρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"in skins"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυκινοῖσιν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέρμασιν","gloss":"close-sewn"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of συλλέξομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of συλλέξομαι","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b2-l292","source":"αἶψʼ ἐθελοντῆρας συλλέξομαι. εἰσὶ δὲ νῆες","translation":"volunteer companions quickly. There are many ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συλλέξομαι","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἐθελοντῆρας","lemma":"ἐθελοντήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"complement of συλλέξομαι","gloss":"volunteers","note":"ἐθελοντήρ, rare noun built on 'willing', 'those who want to'"},{"surface":"συλλέξομαι","lemma":"συλλέγω","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will gather"},{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b2-l293","source":"πολλαὶ ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ, νέαι ἠδὲ παλαιαί·","translation":"in sea-girt Ithaca, both new and old;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l293.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφιάλῳ","title":"Sea-girt","body":"Literally 'sea on both sides,' a standing epithet for the island of Ithaca."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλαὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀμφιάλῳ","lemma":"ἀμφίαλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκῃ","gloss":"sea-girt","note":"ἀμφίαλος 'washed on both sides' - standard Homeric epithet for Ithaca"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"νέαι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παλαιαί","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b2-l294","source":"τάων μέν τοι ἐγὼν ἐπιόψομαι ἥ τις ἀρίστη,","translation":"of these I will pick out for you the one that is best,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τάων","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιόψομαι","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιόψομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπιόψομαι","lemma":"ἐφοράω","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will pick out","note":"future of ἐφοράω 'look upon/select', governs the relative clause"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥ","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b2-l295","source":"ὦκα δʼ ἐφοπλίσσαντες ἐνήσομεν εὐρέι πόντῳ.","translation":"and quickly making her ready we will launch her on the broad sea.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνήσομεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφοπλίσσαντες","lemma":"ἐφοπλίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνήσομεν","gloss":"having fitted out"},{"surface":"ἐνήσομεν","lemma":"ἐνίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will launch"},{"surface":"εὐρέι","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνήσομεν","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b2-l296","source":"ὣς φάτʼ Ἀθηναίη κούρη Διός· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν","translation":"So spoke Athena, daughter of Zeus. And Telemachus no longer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέμιμνεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέμιμνεν","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b2-l297","source":"Τηλέμαχος παρέμιμνεν, ἐπεὶ θεοῦ ἔκλυεν αὐδήν.","translation":"lingered, once he had heard the voice of the goddess.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρέμιμνεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"παρέμιμνεν","lemma":"παραμίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lingered"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αὐδήν","gloss":"of the god","note":"θεοῦ here refers to Athena, disguised as Mentes - gender-neutral θεός used for goddess"},{"surface":"ἔκλυεν","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he heard"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκλυεν","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b2-l298","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι πρὸς δῶμα, φίλον τετιημένος ἦτορ,","translation":"He set out for the house, his dear heart heavy with grief,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l298.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τετιημένος ἦτορ","title":"Heart grieved","body":"An accusative of respect — grieved 'as to his heart' — a formula for inward distress carried beneath outward composure."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go","note":"complementary infinitive after βῆ, common epic idiom 'set out to go'"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τετιημένος","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"grieving","note":"perfect participle of τετίημαι 'be troubled/grieved', with acc. of respect ἦτορ"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τετιημένος","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b2-l299","source":"εὗρε δʼ ἄρα μνηστῆρας ἀγήνορας ἐν μεγάροισιν,","translation":"and there he found the proud suitors in the halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρε","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he found"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρε","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορας","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b2-l300","source":"αἶγας ἀνιεμένους σιάλους θʼ εὕοντας ἐν αὐλῇ.","translation":"flaying goats and singeing fat hogs in the court.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνιεμένους","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ἀνιεμένους","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"present participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies θ᾽","gloss":"flaying"},{"surface":"σιάλους","lemma":"σίαλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εὕοντας","gloss":"hogs"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὕοντας","lemma":"εὕω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies θ᾽","gloss":"singeing"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐλῇ","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b2-l301","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἰθὺς γελάσας κίε Τηλεμάχοιο,","translation":"Antinous came straight up to Telemachus, laughing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"γελάσας","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κίε","gloss":"to Telemachus"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b2-l302","source":"ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί, ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"and clasped his hand, and spoke and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔν ... οἱ φῦ χειρί","title":"Grew into his hand","body":"The aorist phrasing 'grew onto him by the hand' is the vivid Homeric idiom for grasping someone's hand warmly — here a false friendliness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in","note":"tmesis: ἐν...φῦ = ἐμφύω 'grasped', preposition split from verb, typical epic device"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρί","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"φῦ","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasped"},{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"tmesis: ἐκ...ὀνόμαζε = ἐξονομάζω 'called by name', separated preposition"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named him"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b2-l303","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε, μή τί τοι\n                     ἄλλο","translation":"\"Telemachus, you windy talker, unbridled in your rage, let no other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l303.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑψαγόρη","title":"High-talker","body":"A mocking epithet Antinous throws at Telemachus: a 'lofty speechmaker,' all bold words and no substance in the suitors' eyes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ὑψαγόρη","lemma":"ὑψαγόρας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"loud-talker","note":"ὑψαγόρης 'high-speaker', a mocking coinage - taunting vocative epithet"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄσχετε","gloss":"rage"},{"surface":"ἄσχετε","lemma":"ἄσχετος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"unrestrained","note":"vocative ἄσχετε 'unchecked/uncontrollable' - insulting address"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"let not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of μελέτω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b2-l304","source":"ἐν στήθεσσι κακὸν μελέτω ἔργον τε ἔπος τε,","translation":"wicked deed or word be brewing in your breast,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"μελέτω","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let be a concern","note":"impersonal 3rd-sg. imperative μελέτω 'let it matter/concern'"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b2-l305","source":"ἀλλά μοι ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ.","translation":"but eat and drink with me, as you used to do before.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἐσθιέμεν","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to eat","note":"epic infinitive ending -έμεν (=-ειν), archaic form of ἐσθίω"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πινέμεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to drink"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b2-l306","source":"ταῦτα δέ τοι μάλα πάντα τελευτήσουσιν Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"All these things the Achaeans will surely accomplish for you —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of τελευτήσουσιν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελευτήσουσιν","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will accomplish"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τελευτήσουσιν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b2-l307","source":"νῆα καὶ ἐξαίτους ἐρέτας, ἵνα θᾶσσον ἵκηαι","translation":"a ship and chosen oarsmen, so that you may come the sooner","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξαίτους","lemma":"ἔξαιτος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐρέτας","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"ἐρέτας","lemma":"ἐρέτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"oarsmen"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"θᾶσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκηαι","gloss":"sooner"},{"surface":"ἵκηαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"you may reach","note":"aorist subjunctive of ἱκνέομαι in purpose clause with ἵνα"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b2-l308","source":"ἐς Πύλον ἠγαθέην μετʼ ἀγαυοῦ πατρὸς ἀκουήν.","translation":"to sacred Pylos, after news of your noble father.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἠγαθέην","lemma":"ἠγάθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλον","gloss":"sacred","note":"ἠγάθεος, epithet built on ἄγαν+θεός, 'very divine'"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀκουήν","gloss":"of your father"},{"surface":"ἀκουήν","lemma":"ἀκοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"news"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b2-l309","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l309.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"Wise (epithet)","body":"A perfect participle used as a fixed epithet of Telemachus, 'having understanding' — prudent, shrewd. It recurs throughout his speeches."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, formulaic epithet 'wise/prudent', perfect participle of πέπνυμαι"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b2-l310","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, οὔ πως ἔστιν ὑπερφιάλοισι μεθʼ ὑμῖν","translation":"\"Antinous, there is no way, among you overbearing men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antinous","note":"Vocative of Ἀντίνοος; the final -ε of Ἀντίνοε is elided before the following vowel (οὔ) — ordinary Homeric elision, not an implied noun"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in any way","note":"οὔ πως together = emphatic 'there's no way'"},{"surface":"ἔστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισι","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑμῖν","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεθ᾽","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b2-l311","source":"δαίνυσθαί τʼ ἀκέοντα καὶ εὐφραίνεσθαι ἕκηλον.","translation":"to feast in silence and take my ease in peace.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυσθαί","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to feast"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκέοντα","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in silence","note":"ἀκέων 'silent, quiet' — adjective used adverbially, 'silently'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐφραίνεσθαι","lemma":"εὐφραίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to take ease"},{"surface":"ἕκηλον","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in peace","note":"ἕκηλον 'at ease' modifies the implied subject, paired with ἀκέοντα"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b2-l312","source":"ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὡς τὸ πάροιθεν ἐκείρετε πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ","translation":"Is it not enough that before this you wasted much fine","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"enough","note":"ἅλις 'enough' functions as predicate: 'is it not enough'"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies πάροιθεν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάροιθεν","lemma":"πάροιθεϝ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκείρετε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἐκείρετε","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"you wasted","note":"κείρω 'shear/waste' — vivid metaphor for suitors devouring the estate"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὰ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b2-l313","source":"κτήματʼ ἐμά, μνηστῆρες, ἐγὼ δʼ ἔτι νήπιος ἦα;","translation":"property of mine, you suitors, while I was still a child?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l313.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νήπιος","title":"A child still","body":"Nêpios means an infant or one too young to act — Telemachus marks the turning point from helpless boyhood to a man who can resist."}],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκείρετε","gloss":"property"},{"surface":"ἐμά","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτήματ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors","note":"Vocative plural of direct address, parallel to the vocative Ἀντίνο(ε)᾽ above"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a child"},{"surface":"ἦα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"I was","note":"ἦα, epic 1st sg imperfect of εἰμί (=ἦν), Ionic/Homeric form"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b2-l314","source":"νῦν δʼ ὅτε δὴ μέγας εἰμὶ καὶ ἄλλων μῦθον ἀκούων","translation":"But now that I am grown, and by listening to others' words","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειρήσω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"grown","note":"μέγας 'big/grown' used as predicate adjective, 'I am grown'"},{"surface":"εἰμὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"others'"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούων","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀκούων","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πυνθάνομαι","gloss":"hearing"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b2-l315","source":"πυνθάνομαι, καὶ δή μοι ἀέξεται ἔνδοθι θυμός,","translation":"I learn the truth, and the spirit swells within me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυνθάνομαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I learn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἀέξεται","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"swells"},{"surface":"ἔνδοθι","lemma":"ἔνδοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀέξεται","gloss":"within","note":"ἔνδοθι is an adverb 'within' though treebank marks it object of ἀέξεται; take as locative modifier"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀέξεται","gloss":"spirit","note":"θυμός 'spirit/heart' swelling — common Homeric image of rising anger/courage"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b2-l316","source":"πειρήσω, ὥς κʼ ὔμμι κακὰς ἐπὶ κῆρας ἰήλω,","translation":"I will try to hurl evil dooms upon you,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l316.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πειρήσω, ὥς κʼ ... ἰήλω","title":"Purpose clause","body":"The subjunctive after 'so that' expresses Telemachus' aim: to bring the death-spirits down on the suitors. The threat is deliberate, not idle."}],"words":[{"surface":"πειρήσω","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will try"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)","note":"κ(ε) = ἄν, modal particle marking the purpose clause as potential"},{"surface":"ὔμμι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἰήλω","gloss":"upon you","note":"ὔμμι, Aeolic/epic dative plural of σύ 'you'"},{"surface":"κακὰς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρας","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κῆρας","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἰήλω","gloss":"dooms","note":"κῆρας 'fates of death' — the personified doom-spirits of epic"},{"surface":"ἰήλω","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"hurl"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b2-l317","source":"ἠὲ Πύλονδʼ ἐλθών, ἢ αὐτοῦ τῷδʼ ἐνὶ δήμῳ.","translation":"whether I go to Pylos, or stay here among this people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"Πύλονδ","lemma":"Πυλόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθών","gloss":"to Pylos","note":"-δε suffix = 'to/toward', directional ending on the place name"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b2-l318","source":"εἶμι μέν, οὐδʼ ἁλίη ὁδὸς ἔσσεται ἣν ἀγορεύω,","translation":"Go I will — and the voyage I speak of will not be in vain —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will go","note":"εἶμι, present form with future sense — the athematic 'go' verb doubling as future of ἔρχομαι"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἁλίη","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"vain","note":"ἁλίη 'of the sea/vain' — predicate adjective, idiom for 'fruitless'"},{"surface":"ὁδὸς","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύω","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὁδὸς","gloss":"I speak of"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b2-l319","source":"ἔμπορος· οὐ γὰρ νηὸς ἐπήβολος οὐδʼ ἐρετάων","translation":"as a passenger; for I have command of neither ship nor oarsmen","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l319.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔμπορος","title":"Passenger","body":"An emporos here is one who travels aboard another's ship, not its master — Telemachus admits he must sail on borrowed terms."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπορος","lemma":"ἔμπορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"passenger","note":"ἔμπορος 'passenger/trader' — a pointed self-deprecation, not a captain"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπήβολος","gloss":"of a ship"},{"surface":"ἐπήβολος","lemma":"ἐπήβολος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"master of","note":"ἐπήβολος 'having command/mastery' + genitive"},{"surface":"ἐρετάων","lemma":"ἐρέτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"oarsmen"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b2-l320","source":"γίγνομαι· ὥς νύ που ὔμμιν ἐείσατο κέρδιον εἶναι.","translation":"of my own; so, I suppose, it seemed more to your advantage.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνομαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐείσατο","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐείσατο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I suppose"},{"surface":"ὔμμιν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἐείσατο","gloss":"to you","note":"ὔμμιν, epic dative plural of σύ"},{"surface":"ἐείσατο","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it seemed"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐείσατο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b2-l321","source":"ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς χεῖρα σπάσατʼ Ἀντινόοιο","translation":"He spoke, and snatched his hand out of the hand of Antinous,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἦ from ἠμί, an old defective verb ('say') distinct from ἦ the particle/εἰμί forms elsewhere"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σπάσατ᾽","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"σπάσατ","lemma":"σπάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatched"},{"surface":"Ἀντινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χειρὸς","gloss":"Antinous's"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b2-l322","source":"ῥεῖα· μνηστῆρες δὲ δόμον κάτα δαῖτα πένοντο.","translation":"easily; and the suitors busied themselves with the feast throughout the house.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σπάσατ᾽","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πένοντο","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout","note":"κάτα here postposed = anastrophe, 'down through' the house"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πένοντο","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"πένοντο","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"busied themselves"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b2-l323","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπελώβευον καὶ ἐκερτόμεον ἐπέεσσιν.","translation":"And they mocked and taunted him with their words.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπελώβευον","lemma":"ἐπιλωβεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mocked"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκερτόμεον","lemma":"κερτομέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"taunted"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκερτόμεον","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b2-l324","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων·","translation":"And thus would one of the overbearing young men speak:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκε","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"εἴπεσκε, iterative aorist with -σκ- suffix, epic 'used to say'"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the young"},{"surface":"ὑπερηνορεόντων","lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέων","gloss":"overbearing"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b2-l325","source":"ἦ μάλα Τηλέμαχος φόνον ἡμῖν μερμηρίζει.","translation":"\"Surely Telemachus is plotting murder against us;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l325.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴπεσκε","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"The -σκ- suffix marks repeated past action: 'one would say, again and again.' Homer uses it for habitual or typical behavior, here the suitors' running mockery."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμηρίζει","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μερμηρίζει","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μερμηρίζει","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μερμηρίζει","gloss":"against us"},{"surface":"μερμηρίζει","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is plotting"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b2-l326","source":"ἤ τινας ἐκ Πύλου ἄξει ἀμύντορας ἠμαθόεντος","translation":"he means to bring helpers from sandy Pylos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"τινας","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀμύντορας","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Πύλου","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἄξει","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he will bring"},{"surface":"ἀμύντορας","lemma":"ἀμύντωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄξει","gloss":"helpers"},{"surface":"ἠμαθόεντος","lemma":"ἠμαθόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλου","gloss":"sandy","note":"ἠμαθόεις 'sandy' — standard epithet for Pylos"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b2-l327","source":"ἢ ὅ γε καὶ Σπάρτηθεν, ἐπεί νύ περ ἵεται αἰνῶς·","translation":"or even from Sparta, so terribly does he long to go;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Σπάρτηθεν","lemma":"Σπάρτηθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"from Sparta","note":"-θεν suffix = 'from', ablatival ending on the place name"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἵεται","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"he longs"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵεται","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b2-l328","source":"ἠὲ καὶ εἰς Ἐφύρην ἐθέλει, πίειραν ἄρουραν,","translation":"or he means to go to Ephyra, that rich land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἐφύρην","lemma":"Ἐφύρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Ephyra"},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he wishes"},{"surface":"πίειραν","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ἄρουραν","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b2-l329","source":"ἐλθεῖν, ὄφρʼ ἔνθεν θυμοφθόρα φάρμακʼ ἐνείκῃ,","translation":"to bring back from there a life-destroying drug,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλει","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνείκῃ","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"θυμοφθόρα","lemma":"θυμοφθόρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρμακ᾽","gloss":"life-destroying"},{"surface":"φάρμακ","lemma":"φάρμακον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνείκῃ","gloss":"drugs","note":"φάρμακον 'drug/poison' — same word can mean remedy or poison, context (θυμοφθόρα) marks it deadly"},{"surface":"ἐνείκῃ","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"he might bring"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b2-l330","source":"ἐν δὲ βάλῃ κρητῆρι καὶ ἡμέας πάντας ὀλέσσῃ.","translation":"and cast it into the wine-bowl and kill us all.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλῃ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"κρητῆρι","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"wine-bowl","note":"κρατήρ, the mixing-bowl at the feast where wine and water were blended"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀλέσσῃ","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμέας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀλέσσῃ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"kill"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b2-l331","source":"ἄλλος δʼ αὖτʼ εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων·","translation":"And another of the arrogant young men would say in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἴπεσκε","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"of the young"},{"surface":"ὑπερηνορεόντων","lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέων","gloss":"overbearing"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b2-l332","source":"τίς δʼ οἶδʼ, εἴ κε καὶ αὐτὸς ἰὼν κοίλης ἐπὶ νηὸς","translation":"\"Who knows whether he too, sailing off in his hollow ship,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows","note":"οἶδα, perfect form with present meaning, 'knows' — common Greek perfect-as-present verb"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπόληται","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"κοίλης","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b2-l333","source":"τῆλε φίλων ἀπόληται ἀλώμενος ὥς περ Ὀδυσσεύς;","translation":"may perish far from his friends, wandering, just as Odysseus did?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l333.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀλώμενος","title":"wandering","body":"The participle ἀλώμενος, 'wandering, roaming as a vagrant,' is the same image used throughout for Odysseus's own homeless drifting; the suitors apply it mockingly to Telemachus."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to τῆλε","gloss":"from friends"},{"surface":"ἀπόληται","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"may perish"},{"surface":"ἀλώμενος","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπόληται","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus","note":"the suitor's callous forecast echoes the poem's central fear — Odysseus lost far from home; the next line shows the suitors see this outcome as more trouble for themselves, not something they relish"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b2-l334","source":"οὕτω κεν καὶ μᾶλλον ὀφέλλειεν πόνον ἄμμιν·","translation":"That way he would only add still more to our trouble,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀφέλλειεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀφέλλειεν","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ὀφέλλειεν","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would add","note":"optative + κεν = potential mood, 'he would add'"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀφέλλειεν","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"ἄμμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀφέλλειεν","gloss":"to us"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b2-l335","source":"κτήματα γάρ κεν πάντα δασαίμεθα, οἰκία δʼ αὖτε","translation":"for then we would divide all his goods among us, and his house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δασαίμεθα","gloss":"property"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτήματα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δασαίμεθα","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would divide","note":"optative + κεν, potential — the suitors' greedy fantasy of splitting the estate"},{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δοῖμεν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοῖμεν","gloss":"in turn"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b2-l336","source":"τούτου μητέρι δοῖμεν ἔχειν ἠδʼ ὅς τις ὀπυίοι.","translation":"we would give to his mother to keep, and to whoever married her.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούτου","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἰκία","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μητέρι","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"to mother"},{"surface":"δοῖμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would give"},{"surface":"ἔχειν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοῖμεν","gloss":"to keep"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀπυίοι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"ὀπυίοι","lemma":"ὀπυίω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"would marry","note":"ὀπυίω 'marry', said of the man taking Penelope — the suitors' true motive laid bare"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b2-l337","source":"ὣς φάν, ὁ δʼ ὑψόροφον θάλαμον κατεβήσετο πατρὸς","translation":"So they spoke. But he went down into his father's high-roofed storeroom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατεβήσετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑψόροφον","lemma":"ὑψόροφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάλαμον","gloss":"high-roofed"},{"surface":"θάλαμον","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατεβήσετο","gloss":"storeroom"},{"surface":"κατεβήσετο","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θάλαμον","gloss":"father's"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b2-l338","source":"εὐρύν, ὅθι νητὸς χρυσὸς καὶ χαλκὸς ἔκειτο","translation":"a broad chamber where gold and bronze lay heaped,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρύν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάλαμον","gloss":"broad, spacious","note":"agrees with the storeroom noun (θάλαμον) still governing the sentence from an earlier line."},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"νητὸς","lemma":"νητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"heaped, piled"},{"surface":"χρυσὸς","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκὸς","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"lay","note":"κεῖμαι serves as the perfect/stative passive of τίθημι — 'was lying/stored', common for treasure at rest."}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b2-l339","source":"ἐσθής τʼ ἐν χηλοῖσιν ἅλις τʼ ἐυῶδες ἔλαιον·","translation":"and clothing in chests, and a plentiful store of fragrant olive oil;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθής","lemma":"ἐσθής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"clothing"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χηλοῖσιν","lemma":"χηλός","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"chests"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"plentifully","note":"ἅλις is an indeclinable adverb of quantity, 'in abundance' — modifies the implied store of oil."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐυῶδες","lemma":"εὐώδης","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔλαιον","gloss":"fragrant"},{"surface":"ἔλαιον","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"olive oil"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b2-l340","source":"ἐν δὲ πίθοι οἴνοιο παλαιοῦ ἡδυπότοιο","translation":"and there stood jars of old, sweet-tasting wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in, within"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίθοι","lemma":"πίθος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"jars"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πίθοι","gloss":"of wine"},{"surface":"παλαιοῦ","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνοιο","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"ἡδυπότοιο","lemma":"ἡδύποτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνοιο","gloss":"sweet-tasting"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b2-l341","source":"ἕστασαν, ἄκρητον θεῖον ποτὸν ἐντὸς ἔχοντες,","translation":"holding within them an unmixed, godlike drink,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l341.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄκρητον","title":"unmixed wine","body":"ἄκρητον means wine 'unmixed' with water. Greeks normally diluted their wine; undiluted wine was reserved for the strongest, most precious vintages, here fit for a god."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"pluperfect of ἵστημι used with present force, 'stood (there)' — a common epic stative pluperfect."},{"surface":"ἄκρητον","lemma":"ἄκρατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποτὸν","gloss":"unmixed"},{"surface":"θεῖον","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποτὸν","gloss":"godlike, divine"},{"surface":"ποτὸν","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"ἐντὸς","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"within, inside"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b2-l342","source":"ἑξείης ποτὶ τοῖχον ἀρηρότες, εἴ ποτʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"set in a row against the wall, in case Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀρηρότες","gloss":"in a row"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"τοῖχον","lemma":"τοῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"ἀρηρότες","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fitted, set","note":"perfect participle of ἀραρίσκω, 'fitted together' — this verb's perfect stem often means simply 'standing firm/joined'."},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νοστήσειε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b2-l343","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσειε καὶ ἄλγεα πολλὰ μογήσας.","translation":"should ever come home again, after suffering many hardships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστήσειε","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"νοστήσειε","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should return","note":"aorist optative expressing a hoped-for future contingency ('should he ever return') — the classic optative-of-wish/remote-condition use."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even, also"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μογήσας","gloss":"hardships"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μογήσας","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νοστήσειε","gloss":"having suffered"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b2-l344","source":"κληισταὶ δʼ ἔπεσαν σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι,","translation":"Double doors, close-fitted and tightly joined, were shut upon it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κληισταὶ","lemma":"κλειστός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σανίδες","gloss":"close-fitted"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσαν","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were shut, lay upon"},{"surface":"σανίδες","lemma":"σανίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔπεσαν","gloss":"doors, panels"},{"surface":"πυκινῶς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀραρυῖαι","gloss":"tightly, firmly"},{"surface":"ἀραρυῖαι","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"joined","note":"ἀραρυῖαι, feminine perfect participle of ἀραρίσκω, same root as ἀρηρότες above — epic formula for sturdy joinery."}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b2-l345","source":"δικλίδες· ἐν δὲ γυνὴ ταμίη νύκτας τε καὶ ἦμαρ","translation":"folding doors; and within, a housekeeper, night and day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δικλίδες","lemma":"δικλίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"folding doors"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"housekeeper","note":"ταμίη, 'dispenser/steward' — a formal epic title for the woman who controls stores, not just 'wife'."},{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b2-l346","source":"ἔσχʼ, ἣ πάντʼ ἐφύλασσε νόου πολυϊδρείῃσιν,","translation":"guarded everything with the cunning shrewdness of her mind,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσχ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept, held","note":"treebank lemma εἰμί looks like a tagging artifact; sense in context is ἔχω 'held/guarded' the post night and day."},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφύλασσε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐφύλασσε","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ἐφύλασσε","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"guarded"},{"surface":"νόου","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πολυϊδρείῃσιν","gloss":"of mind"},{"surface":"πολυϊδρείῃσιν","lemma":"πολυιδρεία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφύλασσε","gloss":"shrewdness","note":"dative of manner/means, 'with the many-wiled cunning of her mind' — a formulaic praise-phrase for Eurycleia."}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b2-l347","source":"Εὐρύκλειʼ, Ὦπος θυγάτηρ Πεισηνορίδαο.","translation":"Eurycleia, daughter of Ops, son of Peisenor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύκλει","lemma":"Εὐρύκλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurycleia"},{"surface":"Ὦπος","lemma":"Ὤπς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Ops"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Πεισηνορίδαο","lemma":"Πεισηνορίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὦπος","gloss":"son of Peisenor","note":"patronymic in -ίδης attached to her father Ops, giving a full genealogical epithet typical of epic introductions."}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b2-l348","source":"τὴν τότε Τηλέμαχος προσέφη θαλαμόνδε καλέσσας·","translation":"Telemachus called her into the storeroom and spoke to her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"θαλαμόνδε","lemma":"θαλαμόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of καλέσσας","gloss":"to the storeroom","note":"θαλαμόνδε: directional -δε suffix meaning 'to/into the chamber', a common Homeric motion ending."},{"surface":"καλέσσας","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"having called"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b2-l349","source":"μαῖʼ, ἄγε δή μοι οἶνον ἐν ἀμφιφορεῦσιν\n                     ἄφυσσον","translation":"\"Nurse, come now, draw me off sweet wine into jars,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαῖ","lemma":"μαῖα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"nurse!","note":"μαῖα, an affectionate vocative address to an old nurse, distinct from μήτηρ 'mother'."},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄφυσσον","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄφυσσον","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀμφιφορεῦσιν","lemma":"ἀμφιφορεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"jars"},{"surface":"ἄφυσσον","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"draw off","note":"ἄφυσσον, imperative of ἀφύσσω 'draw liquid (with a ladle)' — vivid domestic verb for decanting wine."}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b2-l350","source":"ἡδύν, ὅτις μετὰ τὸν λαρώτατος ὃν σὺ φυλάσσεις","translation":"the most delicious, next to that which you keep in reserve","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδύν","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after, next to"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μετὰ","gloss":"that (one)"},{"surface":"λαρώτατος","lemma":"λαρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"most delicious","note":"λαρώτατος, superlative of λαρός 'pleasant to taste' — a rare epic adjective almost exclusive to describing food/drink."},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φυλάσσεις","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of φυλάσσεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φυλάσσεις","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὸν","gloss":"keep, guard"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b2-l351","source":"κεῖνον ὀιομένη τὸν κάμμορον, εἴ ποθεν ἔλθοι","translation":"thinking of that ill-fated man, in case he should come from somewhere,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κάμμορον","gloss":"that (man)"},{"surface":"ὀιομένη","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to φυλάσσεις","gloss":"thinking of","note":"οἴομαι participle, 'supposing/imagining' — she keeps the best wine on the chance she is thinking of him."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies κάμμορον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"κάμμορον","lemma":"κάμμορος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀιομένη","gloss":"ill-fated"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποθεν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"from somewhere"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should come"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b2-l352","source":"διογενὴς Ὀδυσεὺς θάνατον καὶ κῆρας ἀλύξας.","translation":"Zeus-born Odysseus, having escaped death and the fates.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὴς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"Zeus-born","note":"διογενής, a stock heroic epithet ('sprung from Zeus') applied formulaically to Odysseus and other heroes."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρας","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fates","note":"κῆρες, personified spirits of doom/death — often paired with θάνατος as here."},{"surface":"ἀλύξας","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"having escaped"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b2-l353","source":"δώδεκα δʼ ἔμπλησον καὶ πώμασιν ἄρσον ἅπαντας.","translation":"Fill twelve of them, and fit them all with lids.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of ἔμπλησον","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπλησον","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fill!"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πώμασιν","lemma":"πῶμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄρσον","gloss":"with lids"},{"surface":"ἄρσον","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fit, fasten!","note":"another aorist imperative from ἀραρίσκω (root ἀρ-), 'fit tightly' — same root seen twice earlier for joined doors."},{"surface":"ἅπαντας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἄρσον","gloss":"all of them"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b2-l354","source":"ἐν δέ μοι ἄλφιτα χεῦον ἐϋρραφέεσσι δοροῖσιν·","translation":"And pour me barley meal into well-stitched leather bags;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χεῦον","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἄλφιτα","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χεῦον","gloss":"barley meal"},{"surface":"χεῦον","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pour!"},{"surface":"ἐϋρραφέεσσι","lemma":"ἐυρραφής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δοροῖσιν","gloss":"well-stitched"},{"surface":"δοροῖσιν","lemma":"δορός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of χεῦον","gloss":"leather bags","note":"δορός here for 'skin bag/sack', not the usual 'spear' sense of δόρυ — context-driven meaning."}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b2-l355","source":"εἴκοσι δʼ ἔστω μέτρα μυληφάτου ἀλφίτου ἀκτῆς.","translation":"let there be twenty measures of ground barley meal.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μέτρα","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let there be"},{"surface":"μέτρα","lemma":"μέτρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστω","gloss":"measures"},{"surface":"μυληφάτου","lemma":"μυλήφατος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀλφίτου","gloss":"mill-ground"},{"surface":"ἀλφίτου","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μέτρα","gloss":"of barley meal"},{"surface":"ἀκτῆς","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀλφίτου","gloss":"grain, produce"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b2-l356","source":"αὐτὴ δʼ οἴη ἴσθι· τὰ δʼ ἁθρόα πάντα τετύχθω·","translation":"Let only you yourself know of it; have all of it gathered together,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἴσθι","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἴσθι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know!","note":"ἴσθι here is the perfect imperative of οἶδα ('know'), not related to εἰμί — easy to confuse forms."},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τετύχθω","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁθρόα","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τετύχθω","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it be done","note":"τετύχθω, perfect passive imperative of τεύχω — 'let it stand accomplished', a formal epic command form."}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b2-l357","source":"ἑσπέριος γὰρ ἐγὼν αἱρήσομαι, ὁππότε κεν δὴ","translation":"for in the evening I will fetch it, at the moment when","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσπέριος","lemma":"ἑσπέριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to αἱρήσομαι","gloss":"in the evening"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of αἱρήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"αἱρήσομαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fetch"},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever (modal particle, marks a generalizing 'whenever')"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b2-l358","source":"μήτηρ εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβῇ κοίτου τε μέδηται.","translation":"my mother has gone up to her room and turned her thoughts to sleep.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὑπερῷ","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"upper room"},{"surface":"ἀναβῇ","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"has gone up"},{"surface":"κοίτου","lemma":"κοῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέδηται","gloss":"of sleep"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδηται","lemma":"μέδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"turns her mind to","note":"μέδομαι + genitive, 'take thought/care for' — governs κοίτου, 'sleep', as its object of concern."}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b2-l359","source":"εἶμι γὰρ ἐς Σπάρτην τε καὶ ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα","translation":"For I am going to Sparta and to sandy Pylos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l359.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠμαθόεντα","title":"sandy Pylos","body":"ἠμαθόεις, 'sandy,' is the standard fixed epithet for Pylos, recalling its location on the sandy western coast of the Peloponnese."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am going"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Σπάρτην","lemma":"Σπάρτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Sparta"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἠμαθόεντα","lemma":"ἠμαθόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλον","gloss":"sandy","note":"ἠμαθόεις, 'sandy', a fixed Homeric epithet for Pylos tied to its coastal setting."}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b2-l360","source":"νόστον πευσόμενος πατρὸς φίλου, ἤν που ἀκούσω.","translation":"to learn of the homecoming of my dear father, if somehow I may hear of it.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l360.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"nostos (homecoming)","body":"νόστος, 'homecoming, return,' is the central theme of the whole poem. Telemachus's journey seeks news of his father's nostos."}],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πευσόμενος","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"πευσόμενος","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶμι","gloss":"seeking to learn"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"of father"},{"surface":"φίλου","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἀκούσω","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"I may hear"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b2-l361","source":"ὣς φάτο, κώκυσεν δὲ φίλη τροφὸς Εὐρύκλεια,","translation":"So he spoke, and his dear nurse Eurycleia cried aloud,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"κώκυσεν","lemma":"κωκύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried aloud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τροφὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τροφὸς","lemma":"τροφός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"nurse"},{"surface":"Εὐρύκλεια","lemma":"Εὐρύκλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurycleia"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b2-l362","source":"καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and wailing, she addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l362.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα","title":"winged words formula","body":"'Winged words' (ἔπεα πτερόεντα) is one of Homer's most common epithet-formulas for speech. The verb προσηύδα is imperfect, the standard tense for introducing direct speech in narrative."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρομένη","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"wailing"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words' — one of Homer's most famous formulaic phrases introducing speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b2-l363","source":"τίπτε δέ τοι, φίλε τέκνον, ἐνὶ φρεσὶ τοῦτο νόημα","translation":"\"Why, dear child, has this thought come into your mind?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"why?"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔπλετο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind, heart"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νόημα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"thought, notion"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b2-l364","source":"ἔπλετο; πῇ δʼ ἐθέλεις ἰέναι πολλὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν","translation":"Where do you wish to go, over so much of the earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come, arisen","note":"ἔπλετο, epic aorist/imperfect of πέλομαι ('come to be') — here 'has this thought come to be in your mind?'"},{"surface":"πῇ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰέναι","gloss":"where?"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you wish"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"πολλὴν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"much of"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b2-l365","source":"μοῦνος ἐὼν ἀγαπητός; ὁ δʼ ὤλετο τηλόθι πάτρης","translation":"being our only beloved son? He has perished far from his homeland,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"only, sole"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀγαπητός","lemma":"ἀγαπητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤλετο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has perished","note":"ὤλετο, root aorist of ὄλλυμι — Eurycleia fears Odysseus already dead, framing her plea to Telemachus."},{"surface":"τηλόθι","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τηλόθι","gloss":"homeland"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b2-l366","source":"διογενὴς Ὀδυσεὺς ἀλλογνώτῳ ἐνὶ δήμῳ.","translation":"Zeus-born Odysseus, in a land of strangers.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὴς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"Zeus-born","note":"stock epic epithet formula for heroes, esp. Odysseus"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀλλογνώτῳ","lemma":"ἀλλόγνωτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"unknown to him","note":"ἀλλο-γνωτος 'strange/foreign' literally 'other-known'"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"land/people"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b2-l367","source":"οἱ δέ τοι αὐτίκʼ ἰόντι κακὰ φράσσονται ὀπίσσω,","translation":"And these men, the moment you go, will plot evil against you afterward,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φράσσονται","gloss":"they","note":"article ὁ used as demonstrative pronoun 'these men,' common in Homer"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of φράσσονται","gloss":"against you"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράσσονται","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἰόντι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies τοι","gloss":"as you go"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φράσσονται","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"φράσσονται","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will plot"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράσσονται","gloss":"afterward"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b2-l368","source":"ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς, τάδε δʼ αὐτοὶ πάντα δάσονται.","translation":"so that you may die by treachery, and they will divide all this among themselves.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"κε = ἄν, marks purpose clause as contingent"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φθίῃς","gloss":"by treachery"},{"surface":"φθίῃς","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"you may perish","note":"subjunctive after ὥς κε expresses purpose ('so that you may perish'), not a clause of fearing"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δάσονται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάδε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δάσονται","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will divide"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b2-l369","source":"ἀλλὰ μένʼ αὖθʼ ἐπὶ σοῖσι καθήμενος· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ","translation":"No, stay here, sitting upon your own; there is no need for you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay","note":"imperative μένε elided to μέν᾽ before vowel"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέν᾽","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"σοῖσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"your own things"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μέν᾽","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of πάσχειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is necessary","note":"impersonal χρή + acc.+inf. = 'you must/need not'"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b2-l370","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον κακὰ πάσχειν οὐδʼ ἀλάλησθαι.","translation":"to suffer hardship over the barren sea, nor to wander.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l370.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀτρύγετον","title":"barren sea","body":"ἀτρύγετος, traditionally 'barren, unharvested,' is a fixed epithet of the sea, marking it as a wasteland that yields no crops, unlike the tilled land."}],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀτρύγετον","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"barren","note":"standard Homeric epithet for the sea, 'unharvestable'"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πάσχειν","gloss":"hardships"},{"surface":"πάσχειν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"to suffer"},{"surface":"ἀλάλησθαι","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to wander"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b2-l371","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then thoughtful Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"again/in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"πεπνυμένος 'wise/prudent,' Telemachus's recurring formulaic epithet"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b2-l372","source":"θάρσει, μαῖʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι ἄνευ θεοῦ ἥδε γε βουλή.","translation":"\"Take heart, nurse, since this plan is not without a god's will.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"μαῖ","lemma":"μαῖα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"nurse","note":"vocative addressing Eurycleia; head noun omitted, understood from context"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνευ","lemma":"ἄνευ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies βουλή","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b2-l373","source":"ἀλλʼ ὄμοσον μὴ μητρὶ φίλῃ τάδε μυθήσασθαι,","translation":"But swear that you will not tell this to my dear mother,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄμοσον","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swear"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"to mother"},{"surface":"φίλῃ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὄμοσον","gloss":"to tell","note":"indirect statement after ὄμοσον: swear not to tell"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b2-l374","source":"πρίν γʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε γένηται,","translation":"until the eleventh or twelfth day has come,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indefinite particle)"},{"surface":"ἑνδεκάτη","lemma":"ἑνδέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"eleventh"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δυωδεκάτη","lemma":"δωδέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"twelfth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"comes to be","note":"γένηται subjunctive with ἄν in general temporal clause 'whenever it becomes'"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b2-l375","source":"ἢ αὐτὴν ποθέσαι καὶ ἀφορμηθέντος ἀκοῦσαι,","translation":"or until she herself misses me and hears that I have set out,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ποθέσαι","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"misses me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφορμηθέντος","lemma":"ἀφορμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of ἀκοῦσαι","gloss":"having set out","note":"genitive participle serving as the object of ἀκοῦσαι (verb of perception governing a genitive complement), not a genitive absolute"},{"surface":"ἀκοῦσαι","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"hears"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b2-l376","source":"ὡς ἂν μὴ κλαίουσα κατὰ χρόα καλὸν ἰάπτῃ.","translation":"so that she may not mar her lovely skin with weeping.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κλαίουσα","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἰάπτῃ","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over/upon"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰάπτῃ","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"ἰάπτῃ","lemma":"ἰάπτω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"may mar","note":"ἰάπτω 'damage/afflict' — vivid word for tears marring the skin"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b2-l377","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, γρῆυς δὲ θεῶν μέγαν ὅρκον ἀπώμνυ.","translation":"So he spoke, and the old woman swore the gods' great oath.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"γρῆυς","lemma":"γραῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπώμνυ","gloss":"the old woman"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώμνυ","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"ἀπώμνυ","lemma":"ἀπόμνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swore"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b2-l378","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ὄμοσέν τε τελεύτησέν τε τὸν ὅρκον,","translation":"But when she had sworn and completed the oath,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὄμοσέν","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"swore","note":"ὄμοσέν τε...τελεύτησέν τε: correlative τε...τε pairs the two verbs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τελεύτησέν","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"completed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τελεύτησέν","gloss":"oath"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b2-l379","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτά οἱ οἶνον ἐν ἀμφιφορεῦσιν ἄφυσσεν,","translation":"at once then she drew off the wine for him into jars,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄφυσσεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειτά","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄφυσσεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄφυσσεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄφυσσεν","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἀμφιφορεῦσιν","lemma":"ἀμφιφορεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"jars"},{"surface":"ἄφυσσεν","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew off","note":"ἀφύσσω 'draw/ladle liquid' — everyday provisioning verb, vivid domestic detail"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b2-l380","source":"ἐν δέ οἱ ἄλφιτα χεῦεν ἐϋρραφέεσσι δοροῖσι.","translation":"and poured barley meal for him into well-stitched leather bags.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χεῦεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἄλφιτα","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χεῦεν","gloss":"barley meal"},{"surface":"χεῦεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ἐϋρραφέεσσι","lemma":"ἐυρραφής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δοροῖσι","gloss":"well-stitched","note":"compound epithet εὐ-ρραφής 'well-sewn,' describing leather storage bags"},{"surface":"δοροῖσι","lemma":"δορός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of χεῦεν","gloss":"leather bags"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b2-l381","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἐς δώματʼ ἰὼν μνηστῆρσιν ὁμίλει.","translation":"And Telemachus, going into the hall, mingled with the suitors.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁμίλει","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁμίλει","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὁμίλει","gloss":"with the suitors"},{"surface":"ὁμίλει","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mingled"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b2-l382","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, thought of another thing.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l382.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπις","title":"gray-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις, 'gray-eyed' or 'bright-eyed,' is Athena's defining epithet. The word γλαυκός suggests a gleaming, piercing quality of the eyes, like an owl's, the bird sacred to her."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought of"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's fixed formulaic epithet, repeated verbatim at l393"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b2-l383","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ ἐικυῖα κατὰ πτόλιν ᾤχετο πάντῃ,","translation":"Likening herself to Telemachus, she went everywhere through the city,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐικυῖα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἐικυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"resembling","note":"perfect participle of εἴκω 'be like' — Athena disguises herself as Telemachus"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πάντῃ","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ᾤχετο","gloss":"everywhere"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b2-l384","source":"καί ῥα ἑκάστῳ φωτὶ παρισταμένη φάτο μῦθον,","translation":"and standing beside each man she spoke her word,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φωτὶ","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρισταμένη","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"παρισταμένη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b2-l385","source":"ἑσπερίους δʼ ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν ἀγέρεσθαι ἀνώγει.","translation":"bidding them gather at the swift ship in the evening.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσπερίους","lemma":"ἑσπέριος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀγέρεσθαι","gloss":"in the evening"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀγέρεσθαι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to gather"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade","note":"ἄνωγα, defective perfect used with present sense 'command/urge'"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b2-l386","source":"ἡ δʼ αὖτε Φρονίοιο Νοήμονα φαίδιμον υἱὸν","translation":"And from Noemon, the illustrious son of Phronius,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔτεε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾔτεε","gloss":"of Phronius"},{"surface":"Φρονίοιο","lemma":"Φρόνιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Noemon"},{"surface":"Νοήμονα","lemma":"Νοήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"illustrious"},{"surface":"φαίδιμον","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b2-l387","source":"ᾔτεε νῆα θοήν· ὁ δέ οἱ πρόφρων ὑπέδεκτο.","translation":"she asked a swift ship; and he readily promised it to her.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾔτεε","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ᾔτεε","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοήν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πρόφρων","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"willingly","note":"πρόφρων 'eager/willing,' adverbial predicate describing his readiness"},{"surface":"ὑπέδεκτο","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"promised"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b2-l388","source":"δύσετό τʼ ἠέλιος σκιόωντό τε πᾶσαι ἀγυιαί,","translation":"The sun went down and all the ways grew dark,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσετό","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύσετό","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"σκιόωντό","lemma":"σκιάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew shadowy","note":"σκιάω, rare verb 'grow dark/shadowed,' vivid dusk imagery"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγυιαί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀγυιαί","lemma":"ἀγυιά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of σκιόωντό","gloss":"streets"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b2-l389","source":"καὶ τότε νῆα θοὴν ἅλαδʼ εἴρυσε, πάντα δʼ ἐν αὐτῇ","translation":"and then she dragged the swift ship down to the sea, and into it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴρυσε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴρυσε","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἅλαδ","lemma":"ἅλαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of εἴρυσε","gloss":"seaward","note":"ἅλαδε, directional adverb 'to/into the sea' formed with -δε suffix"},{"surface":"εἴρυσε","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅπλ᾽","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b2-l390","source":"ὅπλʼ ἐτίθει, τά τε νῆες ἐύσσελμοι φορέουσι.","translation":"she put all the gear that well-benched ships carry.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅπλ","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"gear"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φορέουσι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of φορέουσι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐύσσελμοι","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"well-benched","note":"εὔσελμος, formulaic ship-epithet describing rowing benches"},{"surface":"φορέουσι","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅπλ᾽","gloss":"carry"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b2-l391","source":"στῆσε δʼ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῇ λιμένος, περὶ δʼ ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι","translation":"She moored it at the harbor's edge, and around it the loyal companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆσε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moored","note":"ἵστημι here 'made stand/stationed' the ship at harbor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἐσχατιῇ","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"edge"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐσχατιῇ","gloss":"of the harbor"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"loyal"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b2-l392","source":"ἁθρόοι ἠγερέθοντο· θεὰ δʼ ὤτρυνεν ἕκαστον.","translation":"gathered in a throng; and the goddess urged on each man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in a throng"},{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὤτρυνεν","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤτρυνεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged on"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὤτρυνεν","gloss":"each man"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b2-l393","source":"ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, thought of another thing.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought of"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"repeated formulaic line, identical to b2-l382 — typical Homeric verse recycling"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b2-l394","source":"βῆ ῤʼ ἰέναι πρὸς δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο·","translation":"She made her way to the house of godlike Odysseus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she went","note":"Root aorist βῆ, no thematic vowel — classic epic 'strode' verb."},{"surface":"ῤ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go","note":"Complementary infinitive of εἶμι after βῆ, an epic idiom: 'she went to go' = 'she made her way'."},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"Formulaic epithet θεῖος 'godlike' regularly paired with Ὀδυσσεύς in the genitive at line-end."}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b2-l395","source":"ἔνθα μνηστήρεσσιν ἐπὶ γλυκὺν ὕπνον ἔχευε,","translation":"There she poured sweet sleep over the suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχευε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"on the suitors"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"γλυκὺν","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνον","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχευε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἔχευε","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"χέω 'pour' used metaphorically for sleep/mist descending, a common Homeric image."}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b2-l396","source":"πλάζε δὲ πίνοντας, χειρῶν δʼ ἔκβαλλε κύπελλα.","translation":"and dazed them as they drank, and struck the cups from their hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάζε","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dazed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίνοντας","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of πλάζε","gloss":"as they drank"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλλε","gloss":"from their hands","note":"Genitive of separation with ἐκβάλλω: 'threw out from the hands'."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκβαλλε","lemma":"ἐκβάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck out"},{"surface":"κύπελλα","lemma":"κύπελλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκβαλλε","gloss":"cups"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b2-l397","source":"οἱ δʼ εὕδειν ὤρνυντο κατὰ πτόλιν, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν","translation":"They roused themselves to sleep throughout the city, and no longer","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὤρνυντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὕδειν","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὤρνυντο","gloss":"to sleep","note":"Infinitive of purpose with ὤρνυντο: 'roused themselves to go sleep'."},{"surface":"ὤρνυντο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused themselves"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the city","note":"Epic form πτόλιν (with extra π) for πόλιν, common metrical variant."},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατ᾽","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατ᾽","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b2-l398","source":"ἥατʼ, ἐπεί σφισιν ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἔπιπτεν.","translation":"sat there, since sleep was falling upon their eyelids.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥατ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sat","note":"ἧμαι, perfect with present sense 'sit/are seated', common for describing a lingering state."},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπιπτεν","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπιπτεν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισιν","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"their eyelids"},{"surface":"ἔπιπτεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"was falling"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b2-l399","source":"αὐτὰρ Τηλέμαχον προσέφη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","translation":"Then gray-eyed Athena spoke to Telemachus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"to Telemachus"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις is Athena's fixed formulaic epithet, always 'gray/bright-eyed'."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b2-l400","source":"ἐκπροκαλεσσαμένη μεγάρων ἐὺ ναιεταόντων,","translation":"having called him out from the well-built halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπροκαλεσσαμένη","lemma":"ἐκπροκαλέομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having called out"},{"surface":"μεγάρων","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπροκαλεσσαμένη","gloss":"from the halls"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιεταόντων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιεταόντων","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural neuter","role":"modifies μεγάρων","gloss":"situated","note":"εὖ ναιεταόντων 'well-inhabited/well-built', a stock formula for houses."}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b2-l401","source":"Μέντορι εἰδομένη ἠμὲν δέμας ἠδὲ καὶ αὐδήν·","translation":"likened to Mentor both in form and in voice:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντορι","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδομένη","gloss":"to Mentor"},{"surface":"εἰδομένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"likened","note":"Athena's disguise-formula εἰδομένη + dative 'having made herself like X'."},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in voice"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b2-l402","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, ἤδη μέν τοι ἐυκνήμιδες ἑταῖροι","translation":"\"Telemachus, already now your well-greaved companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l402.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐυκνήμιδες","title":"well-greaved","body":"ἐυκνήμιδες, 'well-greaved,' is a stock epithet for warriors, referring to the bronze greaves that protected the shins. Here it dignifies Telemachus's crew with heroic coloring."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus","note":"Vocative Τηλέμαχε with elided final -ε before the vowel ἤδη; direct address opening the goddess's speech."},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατ᾽","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐυκνήμιδες","lemma":"εὐκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"well-greaved","note":"ἐυκνήμιδες, a formulaic epithet for Greek warriors/comrades, 'wearing good greaves'."},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἥατ᾽","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b2-l403","source":"ἥατʼ ἐπήρετμοι τὴν σὴν ποτιδέγμενοι ὁρμήν·","translation":"sit at their oars, awaiting your setting out.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥατ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"ἐπήρετμοι","lemma":"ἐπήρετμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at the oars"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ὁρμήν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁρμήν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμενοι","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥατ᾽","gloss":"awaiting","note":"προσδέχομαι participle governs accusative ὁρμήν, 'awaiting your setting-out'."},{"surface":"ὁρμήν","lemma":"ὁρμή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτιδέγμενοι","gloss":"setting out"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b2-l404","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν, μὴ δηθὰ διατρίβωμεν ὁδοῖο.","translation":"Come, let us go, and not delay long upon the journey.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go","note":"Hortatory subjunctive ἴομεν from εἶμι, 'let's be going'."},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διατρίβωμεν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"διατρίβωμεν","lemma":"διατρίβω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"delay"},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διατρίβωμεν","gloss":"the journey"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b2-l405","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασʼ ἡγήσατο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη","translation":"So speaking, Pallas Athena led the way","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas","note":"Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, standard double-name formula for the goddess."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b2-l406","source":"καρπαλίμως· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα μετʼ ἴχνια βαῖνε θεοῖο.","translation":"swiftly; and he then walked behind in the footsteps of the goddess.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βαῖνε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βαῖνε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ἴχνια","lemma":"ἴχνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"the footsteps"},{"surface":"βαῖνε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἴχνια","gloss":"of the goddess","note":"θεοῖο, epic genitive ending in -οιο for θεός, referring here to Athena though masculine form."}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b2-l407","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἐπὶ νῆα κατήλυθον ἠδὲ θάλασσαν,","translation":"But when they had come down to the ship and the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"κατήλυθον","lemma":"κατέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"had come down"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσαν","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b2-l408","source":"εὗρον ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ θινὶ κάρη κομόωντας ἑταίρους.","translation":"they found there on the shore the long-haired companions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l408.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κάρη κομόωντας","title":"long-haired Achaeans","body":"'Long-haired' (κάρη κομόωντας) is a recurring epithet, especially of the Achaeans, marking their warrior pride in flowing hair. Here it is transferred to Telemachus's crew."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρον","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they found"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗρον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"θινὶ","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the shore"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντας","gloss":"in head","note":"κάρη κομόωντας 'long-haired' literally 'wearing long hair as to the head', a fixed epithet for Achaeans."},{"surface":"κομόωντας","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"long-haired"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρον","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b2-l409","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειφʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο·","translation":"And among them spoke the sacred might of Telemachus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l409.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο","title":"the sacred might of Telemachus","body":"'The sacred might of Telemachus' is a periphrasis (a noun-phrase standing for the man himself), a Homeric mannerism that lends grandeur. Τηλεμάχοιο is genitive, the Homeric -οιο ending of the second declension."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειφ","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἱερὴ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"might","note":"ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο 'the sacred force of Telemachus', a periphrasis for 'Telemachus' himself."},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of Telemachus"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b2-l410","source":"δεῦτε, φίλοι, ἤια φερώμεθα· πάντα γὰρ ἤδη","translation":"\"Come, friends, let us fetch the provisions; for everything is already","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦτε","lemma":"δεῦτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"ἤια","lemma":"ἤια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φερώμεθα","gloss":"provisions"},{"surface":"φερώμεθα","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us fetch","note":"Hortatory subjunctive φερώμεθα, middle voice: 'let us fetch/carry (for ourselves)'."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b2-l411","source":"ἁθρόʼ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ. μήτηρ δʼ ἐμὴ οὔ τι πέπυσται,","translation":"gathered together in the hall. My mother knows nothing of it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁθρό","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάρῳ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέπυσται","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὴ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all","note":"οὔ τι 'not at all', an intensified negation reinforcing secrecy of the plan."},{"surface":"πέπυσται","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has learned"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b2-l412","source":"οὐδʼ ἄλλαι δμωαί, μία δʼ οἴη μῦθον ἄκουσεν.","translation":"nor do the other handmaids; one alone has heard the plan.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δμωαί","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δμωαί","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"μία","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἄκουσεν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"μία...οἴη doubles 'one' and 'alone' for emphasis, typical Homeric pleonasm."},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσεν","gloss":"the plan"},{"surface":"ἄκουσεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has heard"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b2-l413","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἡγήσατο, τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο.","translation":"So speaking, he led the way, and they went along with him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b2-l414","source":"οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντα φέροντες ἐυσσέλμῳ ἐπὶ νηὶ","translation":"And they, carrying everything, set it down on the well-benched ship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάτθεσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάτθεσαν","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἐυσσέλμῳ","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"well-benched","note":"εὔσελμος, formulaic epithet for a ship, 'having good rowing-benches'."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ship"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b2-l415","source":"κάτθεσαν, ὡς ἐκέλευσεν Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός.","translation":"as the dear son of Odysseus commanded.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθεσαν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set down"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to κάτθεσαν","gloss":"commanded"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"son","note":"φίλος υἱός 'dear son' a common kinship formula, here of Telemachus."}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b2-l416","source":"ἂν δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχος νηὸς βαῖνʼ, ἦρχε δʼ Ἀθήνη,","translation":"Then Telemachus went aboard the ship, and Athena led the way,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"ἂν... βαῖν᾽ is tmesis: ἀνά and βαίνω split apart, 'went up (aboard)'."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βαῖν᾽","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of βαῖν᾽","gloss":"the ship's"},{"surface":"βαῖν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went aboard"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b2-l417","source":"νηὶ δʼ ἐνὶ πρυμνῇ κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· ἄγχι δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῆς","translation":"and she sat down at the stern of the ship; and close beside her","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"the ship's"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πρυμνῇ","lemma":"πρυμνός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"stern"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κατ᾽...ἕζετο tmesis: κατά + ἕζομαι, 'sat down'."},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἄγχι","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b2-l418","source":"ἕζετο Τηλέμαχος. τοὶ δὲ πρυμνήσιʼ ἔλυσαν,","translation":"Telemachus sat. And the men loosed the stern cables,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρυμνήσι","lemma":"πρυμνήσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"stern cables"},{"surface":"ἔλυσαν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b2-l419","source":"ἂν δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βάντες ἐπὶ κληῖσι καθῖζον.","translation":"and they too went aboard and sat down at the oarlocks.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"ἂν...βάντες, another tmesis of ἀνά + βαίνω, 'having gone aboard'."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοὶ","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"βάντες","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καθῖζον","gloss":"having gone"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κληῖσι","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the oarlocks"},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b2-l420","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"Gray-eyed Athena sent them a favorable wind,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵει","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴκμενον","lemma":"ἴκμενος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὖρον","gloss":"favorable"},{"surface":"οὖρον","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"a wind"},{"surface":"ἵει","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵει","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b2-l421","source":"ἀκραῆ Ζέφυρον, κελάδοντʼ ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον.","translation":"a fresh West Wind, singing over the wine-dark sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l421.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οἴνοπα πόντον","title":"wine-dark sea","body":"οἶνοψ πόντος, 'wine-faced' or 'wine-dark sea,' is one of Homer's most famous epithets. It evokes the deep, gleaming color of the open water, likened to dark wine."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκραῆ","lemma":"ἀκραής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζέφυρον","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"Ζέφυρον","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"West Wind","note":"Ζέφυρος personified, the west wind, often favorable in Homer."},{"surface":"κελάδοντ","lemma":"κελάδω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"singing"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"οἴνοπα","lemma":"οἶνωψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"wine-dark","note":"οἶνωψ 'wine-faced/wine-dark', the famous Homeric color epithet for the sea."},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b2-l422","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἐποτρύνας ἐκέλευσεν","translation":"And Telemachus, urging on his companions, commanded them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνας","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"urging on","note":"aorist participle shows urging as prior/attendant action to the main command"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b2-l423","source":"ὅπλων ἅπτεσθαι· τοὶ δʼ ὀτρύνοντος ἄκουσαν.","translation":"to lay hold of the tackle; and they heard him as he urged them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅπλων","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἅπτεσθαι","gloss":"tackle","note":"ὅπλα here means ship's gear/rigging, not weapons"},{"surface":"ἅπτεσθαι","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"to lay hold of"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄκουσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνοντος","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"object of ἄκουσαν","gloss":"urging","note":"genitive participle as object of ἄκουσαν: 'heard him urging' (genitive of person heard)"},{"surface":"ἄκουσαν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b2-l424","source":"ἱστὸν δʼ εἰλάτινον κοίλης ἔντοσθε μεσόδμης","translation":"The mast of fir they set up within the hollow mast-box,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στῆσαν","gloss":"mast"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰλάτινον","lemma":"ἐλάτινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστὸν","gloss":"fir-wood","note":"material adjective 'made of fir,' epic technical vocabulary for ship-building"},{"surface":"κοίλης","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μεσόδμης","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθε","lemma":"ἔντοσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"μεσόδμης","lemma":"μεσόδμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔντοσθε","gloss":"mast-box"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b2-l425","source":"στῆσαν ἀείραντες, κατὰ δὲ προτόνοισιν ἔδησαν,","translation":"raising it high, and made it fast with the forestays,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆσαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set up"},{"surface":"ἀείραντες","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆσαν","gloss":"raising","note":"aorist participle expresses the action simultaneous/prior to setting the mast upright"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προτόνοισιν","lemma":"πρότονοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδησαν","gloss":"forestays"},{"surface":"ἔδησαν","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they made fast"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b2-l426","source":"ἕλκον δʼ ἱστία λευκὰ ἐυστρέπτοισι βοεῦσιν.","translation":"and hauled up the white sails with well-twisted ropes of oxhide.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκον","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they hauled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλκον","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"λευκὰ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱστία","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἐυστρέπτοισι","lemma":"εὔστρεπτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοεῦσιν","gloss":"well-twisted","note":"stock epic epithet describing ropes, formulaic sailing vocabulary"},{"surface":"βοεῦσιν","lemma":"βοεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλκον","gloss":"oxhide ropes"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b2-l427","source":"ἔπρησεν δʼ ἄνεμος μέσον ἱστίον, ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα","translation":"The wind filled the belly of the sail, and around the prow","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπρησεν","lemma":"πρήθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπρησεν","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱστίον","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ἱστίον","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔπρησεν","gloss":"sail"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἴαχε","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b2-l428","source":"στείρῃ πορφύρεον μεγάλʼ ἴαχε νηὸς ἰούσης·","translation":"the dark wave hissed loudly as the ship moved on,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l428.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πορφύρεον","title":"the dark, surging wave","body":"πορφύρεον describes the sea's churning, dark-gleaming color and motion, related to the swelling of deep water. The word later means 'purple,' but here it captures the heaving, glinting surface."}],"words":[{"surface":"στείρῃ","lemma":"στεῖρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"prow","note":"στεῖρα is the stem/bow-timber of the ship (not the keel, which is τρόπις); dative object of ἀμφὶ in the previous line, matching the published translation's 'around the prow'"},{"surface":"πορφύρεον","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴαχε","gloss":"loudly","note":"neuter plural adjective used adverbially: 'greatly, loudly'"},{"surface":"ἴαχε","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hissed"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject of στείρῃ","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"ἰούσης","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἴαχε","gloss":"going","note":"genitive absolute: 'as the ship was going'"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b2-l429","source":"ἡ δʼ ἔθεεν κατὰ κῦμα διαπρήσσουσα κέλευθον.","translation":"and she ran over the wave, cutting her way along her path.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθεεν","gloss":"she","note":"the ship, referred to as feminine (ναῦς)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθεεν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"διαπρήσσουσα","lemma":"διαπράσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔθεεν","gloss":"cutting through"},{"surface":"κέλευθον","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διαπρήσσουσα","gloss":"path"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b2-l430","source":"δησάμενοι δʼ ἄρα ὅπλα θοὴν ἀνὰ νῆα μέλαιναν","translation":"Having made fast the tackle throughout the swift black ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δησάμενοι","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στήσαντο","gloss":"having bound fast"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅπλα","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δησάμενοι","gloss":"tackle"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout","note":"ἀνὰ + accusative 'up along/throughout the ship'"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black","note":"formulaic epithet 'black ship,' common Homeric ship-formula"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b2-l431","source":"στήσαντο κρητῆρας ἐπιστεφέας οἴνοιο,","translation":"they set up mixing-bowls brimming with wine,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήσαντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set up"},{"surface":"κρητῆρας","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of στήσαντο","gloss":"mixing-bowls"},{"surface":"ἐπιστεφέας","lemma":"ἐπιστεφής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κρητῆρας","gloss":"brimming"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐπιστεφέας","gloss":"of wine"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b2-l432","source":"λεῖβον δʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖς αἰειγενέτῃσιν,","translation":"and poured libations to the immortal gods who live forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεῖβον","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured libations"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖβον","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αἰειγενέτῃσιν","lemma":"ἀειγενέτης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"everlasting","note":"epithet 'ever-born/eternal,' pairs with ἀθανάτοισι as a doubled divine formula"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b2-l433","source":"ἐκ πάντων δὲ μάλιστα Διὸς γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ.","translation":"and above all to the gray-eyed daughter of Zeus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"γλαυκώπιδι","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"standard epithet for Athena, 'flashing/owl-eyed,' near-fixed formula γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ"},{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"daughter","note":"Διὸς...κούρῃ is the standard epic formula 'daughter of Zeus' (Athena), matching the published translation; 'maiden' loses the genealogical sense"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b2-l434","source":"παννυχίη μέν ῥʼ ἥ γε καὶ ἠῶ πεῖρε κέλευθον.","translation":"All night long and into the dawn she cut her way along her path.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b2-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παννυχίη","lemma":"παννύχιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"all night long","note":"Adjective used adverbially, agreeing with the (feminine) ship."},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(correlative particle)"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πεῖρε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and even"},{"surface":"ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"till dawn"},{"surface":"πεῖρε","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut through"},{"surface":"κέλευθον","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πεῖρε","gloss":"her path"}]}]}