{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":20,"id":"book-20","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας υ","translated":"Book 20 — The Night Before; Omens of the Suitors' Doom"},"section":"The Homecoming","summary":"Odysseus lies awake and hears the maids go out to the suitors. Zeus thunders. At the feast Theoclymenus sees the hall full of ghosts.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20","lines":394},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b20-l1","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ ἐν προδόμῳ εὐνάζετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"But noble Odysseus lay down to sleep in the forecourt;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Standing epithet","body":"\"Noble Odysseus\" is a recurring formulaic epithet. Homer pairs fixed adjectives with heroes' names to fill the hexameter."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προδόμῳ","lemma":"πρόδομος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"forecourt"},{"surface":"εὐνάζετο","lemma":"εὐνάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down to sleep","note":"Middle voice: he beds himself down, not acted upon."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble","note":"Standard Homeric epithet δῖος 'godlike, noble' fixed to Odysseus' name."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b20-l2","source":"κὰμ μὲν ἀδέψητον βοέην στόρεσʼ, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε","translation":"he spread an untanned oxhide on the ground, and over it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰμ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀδέψητον","lemma":"ἀδέψητος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοέην","gloss":"untanned"},{"surface":"βοέην","lemma":"βοείη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of στόρεσ᾽","gloss":"oxhide"},{"surface":"στόρεσ","lemma":"στορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread","note":"στόρεσ᾽ = στόρεσε, aorist of στορέννυμι 'spread out (bedding)'; elided final -ε."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b20-l3","source":"κώεα πόλλʼ ὀΐων, τοὺς ἱρεύεσκον Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"many fleeces of sheep that the Achaeans were forever slaughtering;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κώεα","lemma":"κῶας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"fleeces"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κώεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ὀΐων","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κώεα","gloss":"of sheep"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱρεύεσκον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἱρεύεσκον","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὀΐων","gloss":"used to sacrifice","note":"Iterative imperfect in -εσκον marks repeated past action: 'kept slaughtering.'"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἱρεύεσκον","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b20-l4","source":"Εὐρυνόμη δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ χλαῖναν βάλε κοιμηθέντι.","translation":"and Eurynome threw a cloak over him once he had lain down.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρυνόμη","lemma":"Εὐρυνόμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Eurynome"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"κοιμηθέντι","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"once he had lain down","note":"Aorist passive participle, dative agreeing with the implied 'him' who receives the cloak."}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b20-l5","source":"ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μνηστῆρσι κακὰ φρονέων ἐνὶ θυμῷ","translation":"There Odysseus lay, brooding evil in his heart against the suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"against the suitors"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"brooding","note":"Present participle φρονέων shows ongoing mental state while he physically lies still."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b20-l6","source":"κεῖτʼ ἐγρηγορόων· ταὶ δʼ ἐκ μεγάροιο γυναῖκες","translation":"wide awake; and out from the hall the women came","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay","note":"κεῖτ᾽ = κεῖτο, imperfect of κεῖμαι 'lie'; verb elided from previous clause carries through."},{"surface":"ἐγρηγορόων","lemma":"ἐγρηγορόων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"wide awake"},{"surface":"ταὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out from"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b20-l7","source":"ἤϊσαν, αἳ μνηστῆρσιν ἐμισγέσκοντο πάρος περ,","translation":"filing along, the ones who used to consort with the suitors before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐμισγέσκοντο","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"The -σκ- suffix marks repeated, habitual past action: \"used to consort, kept consorting.\" It is an iterative form of the imperfect."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were going","note":"ἤϊσαν, imperfect of εἶμι 'go', describing the maids filing out."},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμισγέσκοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμισγέσκοντο","gloss":"with the suitors"},{"surface":"ἐμισγέσκοντο","lemma":"μίσγω","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γυναῖκες","gloss":"used to consort","note":"Iterative imperfect ἐμισγέσκοντο 'kept mingling/sleeping with' — habitual, damning detail."},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμισγέσκοντο","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b20-l8","source":"ἀλλήλῃσι γέλω τε καὶ εὐφροσύνην παρέχουσαι.","translation":"giving each other laughter and merriment.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλῃσι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of παρέχουσαι","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"γέλω","lemma":"γέλως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐφροσύνην","lemma":"εὐφροσύνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"merriment"},{"surface":"παρέχουσαι","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊσαν","gloss":"giving"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b20-l9","source":"τοῦ δʼ ὠρίνετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισι·","translation":"But his heart was stirred within his own breast;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠρίνετο","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stirred","note":"Passive-sense middle: his heart is roused, not calmed, at hearing the women."},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὠρίνετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"φίλοισι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"his own","note":"φίλοισι here means 'own/dear' as a possessive epithet for body parts, not 'friendly.'"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b20-l10","source":"πολλὰ δὲ μερμήριζε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"and he pondered much, deep in his mind and heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φρένα καὶ θυμόν","title":"Mind and heart","body":"Homer often doubles \"phren\" (the seat of thought) and \"thymos\" (the seat of feeling and will) to express the whole inner life. The phrasing is formulaic."}],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μερμήριζε","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μερμήριζε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered","note":"μερμηρίζω 'to turn over in the mind' — a formula introducing Odysseus's inner deliberation scenes."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b20-l11","source":"ἠὲ μεταΐξας θάνατον τεύξειεν ἑκάστῃ,","translation":"whether to spring among them and deal death to each woman,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μεταΐξας","lemma":"μεταίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τεύξειεν","gloss":"rushing at them"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεύξειεν","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τεύξειεν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"should deal","note":"Optative τεύξειεν expresses a deliberated possibility within indirect deliberation, 'whether he should...'"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῃ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of τεύξειεν","gloss":"to each"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b20-l12","source":"ἦ ἔτʼ ἐῷ μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισι μιγῆναι","translation":"or to let them lie one more time with the arrogant suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐῷ","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐῷ","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"let/allow","note":"Optative ἐῷ parallels τεύξειεν, the second horn of his dilemma."},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μιγῆναι","gloss":"with the suitors"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισι","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"arrogant"},{"surface":"μιγῆναι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐῷ","gloss":"to lie with"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b20-l13","source":"ὕστατα καὶ πύματα, κραδίη δέ οἱ ἔνδον ὑλάκτει.","translation":"for the last and final time; but the heart within him was growling.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑλάκτει","title":"The heart \"barks\"","body":"The verb literally means \"barks,\" preparing the simile of the dog that follows. Homer makes Odysseus's heart growl like a watchdog."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὕστατα","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πύματα","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"final"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὑλάκτει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίη","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑλάκτει","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ὑλάκτει","lemma":"ὑλακτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was growling","note":"ὑλάκτει, literally 'barked' (of a dog) — vivid metaphor for his heart's agitation, prepares the simile below."}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b20-l14","source":"ὡς δὲ κύων ἀμαλῇσι περὶ σκυλάκεσσι βεβῶσα","translation":"As a bitch, standing over her tender pups,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύων","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"bitch"},{"surface":"ἀμαλῇσι","lemma":"ἀμαλός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σκυλάκεσσι","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σκυλάκεσσι","lemma":"σκύλαξ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"pups"},{"surface":"βεβῶσα","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"standing over","note":"Perfect participle βεβῶσα 'having taken her stand' emphasizes her fixed protective posture."}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b20-l15","source":"ἄνδρʼ ἀγνοιήσασʼ ὑλάει μέμονέν τε μάχεσθαι,","translation":"barks at a man she does not know and is eager to fight,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγνοιήσασ᾽","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἀγνοιήσασ","lemma":"ἀγνοέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"not recognizing","note":"Aorist participle ἀγνοιήσασ᾽ — she barks precisely because she fails to know him."},{"surface":"ὑλάει","lemma":"ὑλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"barks"},{"surface":"μέμονέν","lemma":"μέμονα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"is eager","note":"Perfect μέμονεν with present force: 'is eager/set on', a common Homeric perfect-as-present."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάχεσθαι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of μέμονέν","gloss":"to fight"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b20-l16","source":"ὥς ῥα τοῦ ἔνδον ὑλάκτει ἀγαιομένου κακὰ ἔργα·","translation":"so his heart growled within him in outrage at the wicked deeds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑλάκτει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑλάκτει","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ὑλάκτει","lemma":"ὑλακτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"growled"},{"surface":"ἀγαιομένου","lemma":"ἀγαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"raging at","note":"ἀγαιομένου, genitive absolute-like: his heart's growling occurs as it rages at the deeds."},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"wicked"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγαιομένου","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b20-l17","source":"στῆθος δὲ πλήξας κραδίην ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ·","translation":"But he struck his chest and rebuked his heart with words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πλήξας","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλήξας","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἠνίπαπε","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked","note":"ἠνίπαπε, a rare reduplicated aorist of ἐνίπτω 'chide, rebuke.'"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b20-l18","source":"τέτλαθι δή, κραδίη· καὶ κύντερον ἄλλο ποτʼ\n                     ἔτλης.","translation":"\"Endure now, my heart; you once bore a thing more shameful still,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τέτλαθι","title":"Imperative to the self","body":"Odysseus issues a command to his own heart: \"endure!\" The perfect imperative of tlao expresses a steady, lasting state of endurance."}],"words":[{"surface":"τέτλαθι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endure","note":"τέτλαθι, perfect imperative of τλάω 'endure' — famous self-address, 'bear up, my heart.'"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"heart","note":"Vocative: Odysseus addresses his own heart as if a separate person."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κύντερον","lemma":"κύντερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"more shameful"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔτλης","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔτλης","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἔτλης","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you endured"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b20-l19","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε μοι μένος ἄσχετος ἤσθιε Κύκλωψ","translation":"on that day when the Cyclops, unrestrained in fury, devoured","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"on the day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἑτάρους","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἄσχετος","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ἄσχετος","lemma":"ἄσχετος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κύκλωψ","gloss":"unrestrained"},{"surface":"ἤσθιε","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτε","gloss":"was devouring","note":"Vivid imperfect ἤσθιε: the ongoing horror of the Cyclops eating the men one by one."},{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤσθιε","gloss":"Cyclops"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b20-l20","source":"ἰφθίμους ἑτάρους· σὺ δʼ ἐτόλμας, ὄφρα σε μῆτις","translation":"my mighty companions; yet you held out, until your cunning","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l20.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῆτις","title":"Cunning (mêtis)","body":"Mêtis is the resourceful intelligence that defines Odysseus, echoed in his epithet polymêtis. Here his own wit is what saved him from the Cyclops."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἰφθίμους","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρους","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤσθιε","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτόλμας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐτόλμας","lemma":"τολμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held out","note":"ἐτόλμας 'you dared/endured' — the same steadfastness he now demands again."},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐξάγαγ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μῆτις","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐξάγαγ᾽","gloss":"cunning"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b20-l21","source":"ἐξάγαγʼ ἐξ ἄντροιο ὀϊόμενον θανέεσθαι.","translation":"led you out of the cave when you thought you would die.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξάγαγ","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"led out"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ἄντροιο","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ὀϊόμενον","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thinking","note":"ὀϊόμενον, present participle: 'while expecting/thinking' he would die."},{"surface":"θανέεσθαι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀϊόμενον","gloss":"you would die"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b20-l22","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἐν στήθεσσι καθαπτόμενος φίλον ἦτορ·","translation":"So he spoke, chiding the dear heart within his breast;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἔφατ᾽, formulaic closing of a speech, imperfect middle of φημί."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"καθαπτόμενος","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"chiding"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καθαπτόμενος","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b20-l23","source":"τῷ δὲ μάλʼ ἐν πείσῃ κραδίη μένε τετληυῖα","translation":"and his heart held firmly in obedience, enduring","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίη","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένε","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in","note":"ἐν πείσῃ, dative of πεῖσα 'obedience/restraint' — heart yields to reason's leash."},{"surface":"πείσῃ","lemma":"πεῖσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"obedience"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μένε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"μένε","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"τετληυῖα","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μένε","gloss":"enduring","note":"Perfect participle τετληυῖα, feminine agreeing with κραδίη, echoes τέτλαθι above."}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b20-l24","source":"νωλεμέως· ἀτὰρ αὐτὸς ἑλίσσετο ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα.","translation":"without flinching; but he himself kept twisting this way and that.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νωλεμέως","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετληυῖα","gloss":"steadfastly"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἑλίσσετο","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept twisting","note":"Contrast: the heart holds firm, but his body restlessly turns — mind vs. body split."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b20-l25","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε γαστέρʼ ἀνὴρ πολέος πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο,","translation":"As when a man, before a great blazing fire, turns a paunch","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"γαστέρ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of αἰόλλῃ","gloss":"paunch"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"subject of αἰθομένοιο","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"αἰθομένοιο","lemma":"αἴθω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b20-l26","source":"ἐμπλείην κνίσης τε καὶ αἵματος, ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα","translation":"stuffed full of fat and blood, this way and that,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμπλείην","lemma":"ἔμπλεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρ᾽","gloss":"stuffed full"},{"surface":"κνίσης","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of fat"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἵματος","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of blood"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b20-l27","source":"αἰόλλῃ, μάλα δʼ ὦκα λιλαίεται ὀπτηθῆναι,","translation":"and longs to have it roasted very quickly,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰόλλῃ","lemma":"αἰόλλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"turns","note":"αἰόλλῃ 'shifts/turns rapidly' — vivid image of a man turning a sausage over the fire."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιλαίεται","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"λιλαίεται","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"longs"},{"surface":"ὀπτηθῆναι","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of λιλαίεται","gloss":"to be roasted"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b20-l28","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ἑλίσσετο, μερμηρίζων","translation":"so he tossed himself this way and that, pondering","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλίσσετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑλίσσετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"ἑλίσσετο","lemma":"ἑλίσσω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tossed himself","note":"Same verb ἑλίσσετο as line 24 — ring composition framing the simile."},{"surface":"μερμηρίζων","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑλίσσετο","gloss":"pondering"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b20-l29","source":"ὅππως δὴ μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφήσει","translation":"how he might lay his hands upon the shameless suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσει","gloss":"suitors","note":"μνηστήρ 'suitor' recurs as the poem's villain-word for Penelope's wooers"},{"surface":"ἀναιδέσι","lemma":"ἀναιδής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσει","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐφήσει","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅππως","gloss":"lay upon","note":"ἐφίημι 'set upon/let loose' + dat.: idiom 'lay hands on' someone violently"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b20-l30","source":"μοῦνος ἐὼν πολέσι. σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἦλθεν Ἀθήνη","translation":"one man against many. Then Athena came near him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφήσει","gloss":"being","note":"ἐών, epic form of ὤν (participle of εἰμί), common in Homeric formulas"},{"surface":"πολέσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐὼν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"σχεδόθεν","lemma":"σχεδόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Athena","note":"Athena's sudden appearance to comfort Odysseus is a recurring epic pattern"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b20-l31","source":"οὐρανόθεν καταβᾶσα· δέμας δʼ ἤϊκτο γυναικί·","translation":"descending from heaven; in form she was like a woman.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταβᾶσα","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"καταβᾶσα","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"descending"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤϊκτο","gloss":"form","note":"δέμας, accusative of respect: 'in form/body' she resembled a woman"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤϊκτο","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was like","note":"ἤϊκτο is the pluperfect of ἔοικα (a perfect with present-tense force, 'resembles'); the pluperfect therefore carries past/imperfect sense, 'was like/resembled' — not present sense."},{"surface":"γυναικί","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤϊκτο","gloss":"a woman"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b20-l32","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"She stood above his head and spoke to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"head","note":"στῆ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς is the formulaic dream/vision line for a god appearing at someone's bedside"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b20-l33","source":"τίπτʼ αὖτʼ ἐγρήσσεις, πάντων περὶ κάμμορε\n                     φωτῶν;","translation":"\"Why are you awake again, most ill-fated of all men?","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτ","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐγρήσσεις","gloss":"why","note":"τίπτε = τί ποτε, an emphatic epic form of 'why ever'"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγρήσσεις","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐγρήσσεις","lemma":"ἐγρήσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie awake"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φωτῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"κάμμορε","lemma":"κάμμορος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"ill-fated","note":"vocative address with elided head noun; 'most ill-fated' governed by περὶ...φωτῶν"},{"surface":"φωτῶν","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies περὶ","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b20-l34","source":"οἶκος μέν τοι ὅδʼ ἐστί, γυνὴ δέ τοι ἥδʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ","translation":"This is your house, and your wife is here within it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκος","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies οἶκος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἥδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies γυνὴ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b20-l35","source":"καὶ, πάϊς, οἷόν πού τις ἐέλδεται ἔμμεναι υἷα.","translation":"and your son, the kind of son any man could wish to have.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as","note":"οἷος correlative 'the kind of (son) that...' sets up the wish-clause"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐέλδεται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐέλδεται","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πάϊς","gloss":"wishes"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐέλδεται","gloss":"to be","note":"ἔμμεναι, epic infinitive of εἰμί (= εἶναι)"},{"surface":"υἷα","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b20-l36","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l36.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"\"Odysseus of many wiles\"","body":"Polymêtis, \"of many counsels,\" is Odysseus's defining epithet, built on mêtis (cunning). It is a stock formula for speech introductions."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus's stock epithet, 'of many devices/wily-minded'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"ʼὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b20-l37","source":"ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα, θεά, κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες·","translation":"\"Yes, goddess, all of this you have spoken rightly;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναὶ","lemma":"ναί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yes"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτά","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess","note":"vocative θεά with elided head, direct address to Athena"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due measure","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν, 'rightly/fittingly' — common Homeric adverbial phrase"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have said"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b20-l38","source":"ἀλλά τί μοι τόδε θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμηρίζει,","translation":"but this is what my heart keeps pondering within my breast:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μερμηρίζει","gloss":"somewhat","note":"τί here is an adverbial accusative of respect ('in some way'), not a second 'this' — τόδε already supplies that."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μερμηρίζει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind","note":"φρεσὶ, dative plural of φρήν, seat of thought/emotion in Homer"},{"surface":"μερμηρίζει","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ponders"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b20-l39","source":"ὅππως δὴ μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφήσω,","translation":"how I am to lay my hands upon the shameless suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσω","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀναιδέσι","lemma":"ἀναιδής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσω","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐφήσω","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ὅππως","gloss":"lay upon","note":"note the shift from future ἐφήσει (l29, 'he might') to 1st-person ἐφήσω here, as Odysseus echoes the narrator's own earlier description of him (l29), not Athena's words — Athena never spoke this phrase."}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b20-l40","source":"μοῦνος ἐών· οἱ δʼ αἰὲν ἀολλέες ἔνδον ἔασι.","translation":"being one man alone, while they are always packed together inside.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφήσω","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔασι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"crowded together","note":"ἀολλέες, 'in a mass, packed'—stresses the suitors' numbers against Odysseus alone"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασι","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἔασι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b20-l41","source":"πρὸς δʼ ἔτι καὶ τόδε μεῖζον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμηρίζω·","translation":"And besides this, I ponder a thing still greater in my mind:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of μερμηρίζω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μεῖζον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies τόδε","gloss":"greater","note":"μεῖζον, comparative of μέγας, 'a still bigger thing'"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"μερμηρίζω","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ponder"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b20-l42","source":"εἴ περ γὰρ κτείναιμι Διός τε σέθεν τε ἕκητι,","translation":"even if I should kill them, by the will of Zeus and you,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l42.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κτείναιμι","title":"Conditional optative (less vivid condition)","body":"κτείναιμι is a conditional optative in the εἰ-clause (protasis), marking a remote/less vivid condition — there is no κεν/ἄν particle in this clause. The potential optative proper (optative + κεν/ἄν) appears in the apodosis; see b20-l43 (πῆ κεν ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι) for that construction. Greek uses εἰ + optative in the protasis for the less-vivid conditional."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κτείναιμι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"I should kill","note":"κτείναιμι, aorist optative expressing a hypothetical 'even if I were to kill'"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκητι","lemma":"ἕκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτείναιμι","gloss":"by will of","note":"ἕκητι + genitive, 'by the will/grace of'"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b20-l43","source":"πῆ κεν ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι; τά σε φράζεσθαι ἄνωγα.","translation":"where could I escape? I bid you consider this.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῆ","lemma":"πῆ","morphology":"pronoun","role":"object of ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι","lemma":"ὑπεκπροφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escape","note":"ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι, triple-prefixed verb 'slip out from under and away'—vivid compound for escape"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φράζεσθαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of φράζεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φράζεσθαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"consider"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bid"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b20-l44","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l44.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"\"Gray-eyed Athena\"","body":"Glaukôpis, traditionally \"gray-eyed\" or \"bright-eyed,\" is Athena's standing epithet, completing the metrical line."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's fixed epithet 'flashing/gray-eyed'"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b20-l45","source":"σχέτλιε, καὶ μέν τίς τε χερείονι πείθεθʼ ἑταίρῳ,","translation":"\"Hard man, even one who trusts a weaker comrade can prevail,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιε","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stubborn one","note":"σχέτλιε, vocative rebuke 'stubborn/hard-headed one', Athena's scolding address"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πείθεθ᾽","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χερείονι","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταίρῳ","gloss":"weaker","note":"χερείων, comparative 'worse/weaker' companion"},{"surface":"πείθεθ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trusts"},{"surface":"ἑταίρῳ","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πείθεθ᾽","gloss":"comrade"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b20-l46","source":"ὅς περ θνητός τʼ ἐστὶ καὶ οὐ τόσα μήδεα οἶδεν·","translation":"one who is mortal and knows fewer counsels than I do;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θνητός","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τόσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μήδεα","gloss":"so many"},{"surface":"μήδεα","lemma":"μῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἶδεν","gloss":"counsels"},{"surface":"οἶδεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"knows","note":"οἶδεν, perfect with present sense ('has learned'→'knows'), classic Greek stative perfect"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b20-l47","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι, διαμπερὲς ἥ σε φυλάσσω","translation":"but I am a goddess, who guards you through and through","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a goddess"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φυλάσσω","gloss":"through and through"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φυλάσσω","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φυλάσσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φυλάσσω","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐγὼ","gloss":"guard"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b20-l48","source":"ἐν πάντεσσι πόνοις. ἐρέω δέ τοι ἐξαναφανδόν·","translation":"in all your toils. And I will tell you openly:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόνοις","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πόνοις","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"toils"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐξαναφανδόν","lemma":"ἐξαναφανδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"openly","note":"ἐξαναφανδόν, rare emphatic adverb 'openly, plainly'—stresses Athena's frankness"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b20-l49","source":"εἴ περ πεντήκοντα λόχοι μερόπων ἀνθρώπων","translation":"even if fifty companies of mortal men","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies λόχοι","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"λόχοι","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of περισταῖεν","gloss":"companies","note":"λόχοι, 'bands/companies' of warriors, military term"},{"surface":"μερόπων","lemma":"μέροψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of mortal","note":"μέροψ 'articulate-voiced'—an ancient epithet for humans as speech-users"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies λόχοι","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b20-l50","source":"νῶϊ περισταῖεν, κτεῖναι μεμαῶτες Ἄρηϊ,","translation":"stood around us, straining to kill us in battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of περισταῖεν","gloss":"us two","note":"νῶϊ, dual pronoun 'the two of us'—rare dual number, marking Athena as fighting beside Odysseus"},{"surface":"περισταῖεν","lemma":"περιίστημι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"stood around"},{"surface":"κτεῖναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτες","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτες","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to περισταῖεν","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μεμαῶτες","gloss":"in battle"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b20-l51","source":"καί κεν τῶν ἐλάσαιο βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα.","translation":"even then you would drive off their cattle and sturdy sheep.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"ἐλάσαιο","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would drive off"},{"surface":"βόας","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴφια","lemma":"ἴφιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b20-l52","source":"ἀλλʼ ἑλέτω σε καὶ ὕπνος· ἀνίη καὶ τὸ φυλάσσειν","translation":"But let sleep take you too; it is a misery to keep watch","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑλέτω","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let take","note":"ἑλέτω, 3rd-sg aorist imperative 'let it seize'—Athena's command that sleep overtake him"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἑλέτω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑλέτω","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀνίη","lemma":"ἀνία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a misery"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies φυλάσσειν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"φυλάσσειν","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"keeping watch"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b20-l53","source":"πάννυχον ἐγρήσσοντα, κακῶν δʼ ὑποδύσεαι ἤδη.","translation":"awake all night, and now you will rise up out of your troubles.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάννυχον","lemma":"πάννυχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φυλάσσειν","gloss":"all night"},{"surface":"ἐγρήσσοντα","lemma":"ἐγρήσσω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying awake"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὑποδύσεαι","gloss":"from troubles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑποδύσεαι","lemma":"ὑποδύομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will rise up","note":"ὑποδύσεαι, 'come up from under'—metaphor of emerging out of troubles like surfacing from water"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποδύσεαι","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b20-l54","source":"ὣς φάτο, καί ῥά οἱ ὕπνον ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν\n                  ἔχευεν,","translation":"So she spoke, and she poured sleep over his eyelids,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"on him"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισιν","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἔχευεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"ἔχευεν, 'poured'—Homeric image of sleep as a liquid poured over the eyes"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b20-l55","source":"αὐτὴ δʼ ἂψ ἐς Ὄλυμπον ἀφίκετο δῖα θεάων.","translation":"and she herself went back to Olympus, bright among goddesses.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίκετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"bright","note":"δῖα θεάων, 'shining/divine among goddesses'—formulaic epithet closing a divine visitation scene"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of goddesses"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b20-l56","source":"εὖτε τὸν ὕπνος ἔμαρπτε, λύων μελεδήματα θυμοῦ,","translation":"While sleep was seizing him, loosening the cares of his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖτε","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἔμαρπτε","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτε","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"λύων","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμαρπτε","gloss":"loosening","note":"λύων, 'releasing'—sleep as untying the knots of the heart's cares"},{"surface":"μελεδήματα","lemma":"μελέδημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λύων","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"θυμοῦ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μελεδήματα","gloss":"of heart"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b20-l57","source":"λυσιμελής, ἄλοχος δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπέγρετο κεδνὰ ἰδυῖα·","translation":"the limb-loosener, his faithful wife awoke, wise in her thoughts;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λυσιμελής","title":"\"Limb-loosener\"","body":"Sleep is called lysimelês, \"loosener of limbs,\" the same compound Homer uses elsewhere of desire. It captures sleep's bodily release."}],"words":[{"surface":"λυσιμελής","lemma":"λυσιμελής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"limb-loosening","note":"Epithet for sleep (ὕπνος), elided from prior line; 'limb-loosener' formula for deep sleep."},{"surface":"ἄλοχος","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέγρετο","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπέγρετο","lemma":"ἐπεγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"woke up","note":"Middle voice ἐπεγείρω = 'rouse oneself,' fitting the intransitive 'awoke.'"},{"surface":"κεδνὰ","lemma":"κεδνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἰδυῖα","gloss":"wise things"},{"surface":"ἰδυῖα","lemma":"ἰδυῖα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies ἄλοχος","gloss":"knowing","note":"Perfect participle of οἶδα-stem, epic formula 'κεδνὰ ἰδυῖα' = 'knowing wise things,' i.e. prudent."}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b20-l58","source":"κλαῖε δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν λέκτροισι καθεζομένη μαλακοῖσιν.","translation":"and she wept, sitting up on her soft bed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖε","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"λέκτροισι","lemma":"λέκτρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"καθεζομένη","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖε","gloss":"sitting up"},{"surface":"μαλακοῖσιν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λέκτροισι","gloss":"soft"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b20-l59","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κλαίουσα κορέσσατο ὃν κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"But when she had had her fill of weeping in her heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κλαίουσα","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κορέσσατο","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"κορέσσατο","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had her fill","note":"κορέννυμι 'sate' + genitive/accusative of the thing one is sated with/in; here governs θυμόν via κατά."},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b20-l60","source":"Ἀρτέμιδι πρώτιστον ἐπεύξατο δῖα γυναικῶν·","translation":"first of all the woman, radiant among women, prayed to Artemis:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀρτέμιδι","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"to Artemis"},{"surface":"πρώτιστον","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"ἐπεύξατο","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of women","note":"δῖα γυναικῶν, a stock epithet-plus-genitive formula = 'shining among women,' used of Penelope."}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b20-l61","source":"Ἄρτεμι, πότνα θεά, θύγατερ Διός, αἴθε μοι\n                     ἤδη","translation":"\"Artemis, lady goddess, daughter of Zeus, would that now","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρτεμι","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"πότνα","lemma":"πότνα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"θύγατερ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύγατερ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἴθε","lemma":"εἴθε","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that","note":"αἴθε introduces an unfulfillable wish, paired with the optative ἕλοιο two lines later."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιο","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b20-l62","source":"ἰὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι βαλοῦσʼ ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιο","translation":"you would strike an arrow into my breast and take away my life","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰὸν","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βαλοῦσ᾽","gloss":"an arrow"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"βαλοῦσ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιο","gloss":"striking","note":"Perseus tags this future participle, but sense/context read as aorist 'having struck' (βαλοῦσα)."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλοιο","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"ἕλοιο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take away","note":"Optative of wish, echoing αἴθε: 'would that you might take.'"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b20-l63","source":"αὐτίκα νῦν, ἢ ἔπειτα μʼ ἀναρπάξασα θύελλα","translation":"this very moment, or that a storm-wind would snatch me up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιο","gloss":"this instant"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοιο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἴχοιτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀναρπάξασα","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀναρπάξασα","lemma":"ἀναρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to οἴχοιτο","gloss":"snatching up"},{"surface":"θύελλα","lemma":"θύελλα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of οἴχοιτο","gloss":"storm-wind"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b20-l64","source":"οἴχοιτο προφέρουσα κατʼ ἠερόεντα κέλευθα,","translation":"and carry me away down the murky paths,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχοιτο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would go off","note":"Optative οἴχοιτο continues the wish-clause begun with ἔπειτα, still governed by θύελλα as subject."},{"surface":"προφέρουσα","lemma":"προφέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to οἴχοιτο","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἠερόεντα","lemma":"ἠερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"murky"},{"surface":"κέλευθα","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"paths"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b20-l65","source":"ἐν προχοῇς δὲ βάλοι ἀψορρόου Ὠκεανοῖο.","translation":"and cast me into the mouths of back-flowing Ocean.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"προχοῇς","lemma":"προχοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"outlets"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would cast"},{"surface":"ἀψορρόου","lemma":"ἀψόρροος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὠκεανοῖο","gloss":"backward-flowing","note":"Epithet for cosmic river Ocean, imagined as flowing back into itself in a ring."},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies προχοῇς","gloss":"Ocean"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b20-l66","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρας ἀνέλοντο θύελλαι·","translation":"As when storm-winds carried off the daughters of Pandareus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Πανδαρέου","lemma":"Πάνδαρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρας","gloss":"of Pandareus"},{"surface":"κούρας","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνέλοντο","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"ἀνέλοντο","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"carried off"},{"surface":"θύελλαι","lemma":"θύελλα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέλοντο","gloss":"storm-winds","note":"Simile introduced by ὡς...ὅτε; the daughters of Pandareus is a lost myth Homer alludes to as exemplum."}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b20-l67","source":"τῇσι τοκῆας μὲν φθῖσαν θεοί, αἱ δʼ ἐλίποντο","translation":"the gods had destroyed their parents, and they were left","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies τοκῆας","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"τοκῆας","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φθῖσαν","gloss":"parents"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φθῖσαν","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φθῖσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλίποντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλίποντο","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were left"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b20-l68","source":"ὀρφαναὶ ἐν μεγάροισι, κόμισσε δὲ δῖʼ Ἀφροδίτη","translation":"orphans in the halls, and radiant Aphrodite cared for them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρφαναὶ","lemma":"ὀρφανός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"orphaned"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"κόμισσε","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cared for"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κόμισσε","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b20-l69","source":"τυρῷ καὶ μέλιτι γλυκερῷ καὶ ἡδέϊ οἴνῳ·","translation":"with cheese and sweet honey and pleasant wine;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυρῷ","lemma":"τυρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"cheese"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλιτι","lemma":"μέλι","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"honey"},{"surface":"γλυκερῷ","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέλιτι","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡδέϊ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνῳ","gloss":"pleasant"},{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b20-l70","source":"Ἥρη δʼ αὐτῇσιν περὶ πασέων δῶκε γυναικῶν","translation":"and Hera gave them, beyond all women,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥρη","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Hera","note":"A rare divine-committee scene: four goddesses each grant the orphan girls a separate gift."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῇσιν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"πασέων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναικῶν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b20-l71","source":"εἶδος καὶ πινυτήν, μῆκος δʼ ἔπορʼ Ἄρτεμις ἁγνή,","translation":"beauty and good sense; chaste Artemis granted them stature,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πινυτήν","lemma":"πινυτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"good sense"},{"surface":"μῆκος","lemma":"μῆκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔπορ᾽","gloss":"stature"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπορ","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔπορ᾽","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ἁγνή","lemma":"ἁγνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"chaste"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b20-l72","source":"ἔργα δʼ Ἀθηναίη δέδαε κλυτὰ ἐργάζεσθαι.","translation":"and Athena taught them to work at glorious crafts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐργάζεσθαι","gloss":"crafts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέδαε","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"δέδαε","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"taught","note":"Reduplicated perfect δέδαε (from δαίω 'teach'), giving a vivid 'has instructed' sense."},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἐργάζεσθαι","lemma":"ἐργάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δέδαε","gloss":"to work at"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b20-l73","source":"εὖτʼ Ἀφροδίτη δῖα προσέστιχε μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,","translation":"But while radiant Aphrodite was climbing to high Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖτ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέστιχε","gloss":"Aphrodite"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"προσέστιχε","lemma":"προσστείχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖτ᾽","gloss":"was climbing"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέστιχε","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b20-l74","source":"κούρῃς αἰτήσουσα τέλος θαλεροῖο γάμοιο—","translation":"to ask, for the girls, the fulfillment of flourishing marriage —","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρῃς","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of αἰτήσουσα","gloss":"for the girls"},{"surface":"αἰτήσουσα","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέστιχε","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of αἰτήσουσα","gloss":"fulfillment"},{"surface":"θαλεροῖο","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γάμοιο","gloss":"flourishing"},{"surface":"γάμοιο—","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"of marriage"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b20-l75","source":"ἐς Δία τερπικέραυνον, ὁ γάρ τʼ εὖ οἶδεν ἅπαντα,","translation":"going to Zeus who delights in thunder, for he knows all things well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l75.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τερπικέραυνον","title":"\"Delighting in thunder\"","body":"An ornamental epithet of Zeus, terpikeraunos, \"who delights in the thunderbolt.\" Such compound epithets are a hallmark of Homeric diction."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Δία","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τερπικέραυνον","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δία","gloss":"thunder-delighting","note":"Standard epithet of Zeus, τερπικέραυνος 'delighting in the thunderbolt.'"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδεν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"οἶδεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"all things"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b20-l76","source":"μοῖράν τʼ ἀμμορίην τε καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων—","translation":"both the destiny and ill-fortune of mortal men —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῖράν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἀμμορίην","lemma":"ἀμμορία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"ill fortune"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καταθνητῶν","lemma":"καταθνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων—","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b20-l77","source":"τόφρα δὲ τὰς κούρας ἅρπυιαι ἀνηρείψαντο","translation":"meanwhile the Harpies snatched the girls away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine article","role":"modifies κούρας","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"κούρας","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καί","gloss":"girls"},{"surface":"ἅρπυιαι","lemma":"Ἅρπυιαι","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Harpies","note":"The Harpies here act as literal snatching storm-spirits, tying back to the θύελλαι wish above."},{"surface":"ἀνηρείψαντο","lemma":"ἀνερείπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"snatched away"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b20-l78","source":"καί ῥʼ ἔδοσαν στυγερῇσιν ἐρινύσιν ἀμφιπολεύειν·","translation":"and gave them to the hateful Erinyes to serve.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔδοσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"στυγερῇσιν","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐρινύσιν","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"ἐρινύσιν","lemma":"Ἐρινύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔδοσαν","gloss":"Erinyes"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπολεύειν","lemma":"ἀμφιπολεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔδοσαν","gloss":"to serve"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b20-l79","source":"ὣς ἔμʼ ἀϊστώσειαν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες,","translation":"So may those who hold the halls of Olympus blot me out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀϊστώσειαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔμ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀϊστώσειαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀϊστώσειαν","lemma":"ἀιστόω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blot out"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"Olympian"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"subject of ἀϊστώσειαν","gloss":"holding","note":"'Those holding the Olympian halls' = the gods themselves, a periphrasis for divine subjects."}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b20-l80","source":"ἠέ μʼ ἐϋπλόκαμος βάλοι Ἄρτεμις, ὄφρʼ Ὀδυσῆα","translation":"or fair-haired Artemis strike me, so that I might go","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of βάλοι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐϋπλόκαμος","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"Standard epithet of Artemis, εὐπλόκαμος 'with lovely locks.'"},{"surface":"βάλοι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strike"},{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βάλοι","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀσσομένη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b20-l81","source":"ὀσσομένη καὶ γαῖαν ὕπο στυγερὴν ἀφικοίμην,","translation":"still keeping Odysseus in view, even beneath the hateful earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀσσομένη","lemma":"ὄσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀφικοίμην","gloss":"keeping in view","note":"ὄσσομαι 'have in mind's eye'; Penelope imagines still 'seeing' Odysseus even in death."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὕπο","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"στυγερὴν","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"ἀφικοίμην","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"might come"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b20-l82","source":"μηδέ τι χείρονος ἀνδρὸς ἐϋφραίνοιμι νόημα.","translation":"and never gladden the mind of a lesser man.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐϋφραίνοιμι","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"χείρονος","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"genitive singular comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"of a lesser"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόημα","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐϋφραίνοιμι","lemma":"εὐφραίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"gladden","note":"Optative of wish continuing μηδέ...ἐϋφραίνοιμι: 'may I never gladden.'"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐϋφραίνοιμι","gloss":"mind"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b20-l83","source":"ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν καὶ ἀνεκτὸν ἔχει κακόν, ὁππότε κέν τις","translation":"Yet this is an endurable evil, when someone","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀνεκτὸν","lemma":"ἀνεκτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακόν","gloss":"endurable"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever","note":"κέν + subjunctive marks a general, repeated condition: 'whenever someone weeps...'"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κλαίῃ","gloss":"someone"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b20-l84","source":"ἤματα μὲν κλαίῃ, πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος ἦτορ,","translation":"weeps through the days, grieving sorely in the heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κλαίῃ","gloss":"by day"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλαίῃ","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"weeps"},{"surface":"πυκινῶς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχήμενος","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"ἀκαχήμενος","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"perfect passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαίῃ","gloss":"grieving","note":"Perfect passive participle ἀκαχήμενος, 'worn down with grief,' governing accusative of respect ἦτορ."},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀκαχήμενος","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b20-l85","source":"νύκτας δʼ ὕπνος ἔχῃσιν—ὁ γάρ τʼ ἐπέλησεν ἁπάντων,","translation":"but sleep holds them at night — for it makes one forget everything,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχῃσιν","gloss":"at night","note":"Accusative of duration/time — 'through the nights,' not a direct object."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχῃσιν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπέλησεν","lemma":"ἐπιλήθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"makes forget","note":"ἐπιλήθω 'cause to forget' + genitive object ἁπάντων, a common Homeric verb-of-forgetting construction."},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b20-l86","source":"ἐσθλῶν ἠδὲ κακῶν, ἐπεὶ ἄρ βλέφαρʼ ἀμφικαλύψῃ—","translation":"good and bad alike, once it has closed over the eyelids —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλῶν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"good things"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"bad things"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βλέφαρ","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψῃ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψῃ—","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"closes over","note":"Aorist subjunctive in a general temporal clause with ἐπεί — 'whenever it closes,' a vivid one-time-for-all image."}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b20-l87","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ καὶ ὀνείρατʼ ἐπέσσευεν κακὰ δαίμων.","translation":"but for me a god sends even evil dreams.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l87.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαίμων","title":"Daimôn","body":"A daimôn is a divine power, often an impersonal force of fate or fortune rather than a named god. Here it is the source of Penelope's tormenting dreams."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέσσευεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὀνείρατ","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέσσευεν","gloss":"dreams"},{"surface":"ἐπέσσευεν","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείρατ᾽","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέσσευεν","gloss":"a god","note":"δαίμων here is an anonymous divine agent, not a named god — Penelope doesn't know who sends the dream."}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b20-l88","source":"τῇδε γὰρ αὖ μοι νυκτὶ παρέδραθεν εἴκελος αὐτῷ,","translation":"For this very night one lay beside me, like himself,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies νυκτὶ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέδραθεν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of παρέδραθεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρέδραθεν","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"παρέδραθεν","lemma":"παραδαρθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay beside","note":"παραδαρθάνω 'lie down beside' — a dream-figure lying near the sleeper, a stock epic way of describing dream visitation."},{"surface":"εἴκελος","lemma":"εἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of παρέδραθεν","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies εἴκελος","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b20-l89","source":"τοῖος ἐὼν οἷος ᾖεν ἅμα στρατῷ· αὐτὰρ ἐμὸν κῆρ","translation":"looking as he did when he went off with the army; and my heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρέδραθεν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ᾖεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖος","gloss":"he went","note":"εἶμι in the imperfect ᾖεν — the 'go' verb used for ordinary past narrative motion, distinct from ἔρχομαι."},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"στρατῷ","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the army"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of χαῖρ᾽","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b20-l90","source":"χαῖρʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐφάμην ὄναρ ἔμμεναι, ἀλλʼ ὕπαρ ἤδη.","translation":"rejoiced, for I did not think it a dream, but waking truth at last.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρ","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"I thought","note":"φημί in the middle ἐφάμην, 'I said/thought to myself' — the middle voice marks the inner, subjective judgment."},{"surface":"ὄναρ","lemma":"ὄναρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a dream"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφάμην","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὕπαρ","lemma":"ὕπαρ","morphology":"irregular","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"waking truth","note":"ὕπαρ 'waking reality,' opposed to ὄναρ 'dream' — a fixed epic antithesis pair for real vs. illusory vision."},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b20-l91","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτίκα δὲ χρυσόθρονος ἤλυθεν Ἠώς.","translation":"So she spoke, and at once golden-throned Dawn came.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l91.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"χρυσόθρονος Ἠώς","title":"\"Golden-throned Dawn\"","body":"Dawn (Eos) regularly receives a luminous epithet such as chrysothronos, \"golden-throned.\" The personified daybreak is a recurring formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσόθρονος","lemma":"χρυσόθρονος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"golden-throned","note":"χρυσόθρονος, a fixed Homeric epithet formula for Dawn/goddesses, filling the line's second half metrically."},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b20-l92","source":"τῆς δʼ ἄρα κλαιούσης ὄπα σύνθετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Noble Odysseus heard the sound of her weeping;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄπα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κλαιούσης","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping","note":"Genitive participle κλαιούσης agreeing with τῆς, a genitive-of-perception construction: 'heard her weeping.'"},{"surface":"ὄπα","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σύνθετο","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"σύνθετο","lemma":"συντίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perceived"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σύνθετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b20-l93","source":"μερμήριζε δʼ ἔπειτα, δόκησε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"then he pondered, and it seemed to him in his heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μερμήριζε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he pondered"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμήριζε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δόκησε","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it seemed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόκησε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b20-l94","source":"ἤδη γιγνώσκουσα παρεστάμεναι κεφαλῆφι.","translation":"that she already knew him and was standing by his head.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρεστάμεναι","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γιγνώσκουσα","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρεστάμεναι","gloss":"recognizing","note":"γιγνώσκουσα agreeing with an implied 'she' (Penelope) — the dream-logic lets him sense she knew him though asleep."},{"surface":"παρεστάμεναι","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of δόκησε","gloss":"was standing by","note":"Perfect infinitive παρεστάμεναι after δόκησε — 'it seemed she was standing (and had come to stand) by his head.'"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆφι","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρεστάμεναι","gloss":"his head"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b20-l95","source":"χλαῖναν μὲν συνελὼν καὶ κώεα, τοῖσιν ἐνεῦδεν,","translation":"Gathering up the cloak and the fleeces on which he had slept,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"συνελὼν","lemma":"συναιρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκεν","gloss":"gathering up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κώεα","lemma":"κῶας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fleeces"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐνεῦδεν","gloss":"on which"},{"surface":"ἐνεῦδεν","lemma":"ἐνεύδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κώεα","gloss":"had slept","note":"ἐνεύδω 'sleep in/on' — imperfect for the ongoing state of having slept on the fleeces, describing them, not a new action."}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b20-l96","source":"ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ θρόνου, ἐκ δὲ βοείην","translation":"he laid them on a chair in the hall, and the oxhide","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέγαρον","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"κατέθηκεν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"a chair"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοείην","lemma":"βοείη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"oxhide"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b20-l97","source":"θῆκε θύραζε φέρων, Διὶ δʼ εὔξατο χεῖρας ἀνασχών·","translation":"he carried out of doors; then, lifting his hands, he prayed to Zeus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he put","note":"τίθημι θῆκε — completes the ἐκ...θῆκε construction split across two lines: 'set the oxhide out.'"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"outdoors"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔξατο","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔξατο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνασχών","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνασχών","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔξατο","gloss":"lifting","note":"Raising the hands in prayer, a standard Homeric gesture accompanying εὔχομαι."}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b20-l98","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, εἴ μʼ ἐθέλοντες ἐπὶ τραφερήν τε καὶ\n                     ὑγρὴν","translation":"\"Father Zeus, if it was your will that over dry land and water","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγετ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντες","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤγετ᾽","gloss":"willingly","note":"ἐθέλοντες, plural 'willing,' referring to the gods collectively who steered Odysseus home — subject of the verb in the next line."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"τραφερήν","lemma":"τραφερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"dry land"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑγρὴν","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wet sea"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b20-l99","source":"ἤγετʼ ἐμὴν ἐς γαῖαν, ἐπεί μʼ ἐκακώσατε λίην,","translation":"you brought me to my own land, after you afflicted me so sorely,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤγετ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you led","note":"Second-plural verb ἤγετ᾽, addressed to 'the gods' collectively though Zeus alone is invoked — common Homeric slippage between one god and the divine plural."},{"surface":"ἐμὴν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκακώσατε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐκακώσατε","lemma":"κακόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"afflicted"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκακώσατε","gloss":"so much"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b20-l100","source":"φήμην τίς μοι φάσθω ἐγειρομένων ἀνθρώπων","translation":"let someone of the people now waking speak an omen to me","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φήμην","lemma":"φήμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φάσθω","gloss":"an omen"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φάσθω","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φάσθω","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"φάσθω","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let speak","note":"φάσθω, 3rd-sg present imperative of φημί — an indirect wish/command form: 'let someone speak.'"},{"surface":"ἐγειρομένων","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"waking"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of people"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b20-l101","source":"ἔνδοθεν, ἔκτοσθεν δὲ Διὸς τέρας ἄλλο φανήτω.","translation":"from inside, and outside let another sign of Zeus appear.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνδοθεν","lemma":"ἔνδοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάσθω","gloss":"from within"},{"surface":"ἔκτοσθεν","lemma":"ἔκτοσθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φανήτω","gloss":"from without"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φανήτω","gloss":"a sign"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"φανήτω","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let appear","note":"Odysseus asks for two confirming omens — one spoken by a human (φήμη) and one divine (τέρας) — a double-sign request typical of epic prayer."}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b20-l102","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος· τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε μητίετα Ζεύς,","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Zeus the counselor heard him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"μητίετα","lemma":"μητίετα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"counselor","note":"μητίετα, an old vocative/nominative epithet of Zeus 'the counselor,' formulaic in the epic diction."},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b20-l103","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἐβρόντησεν ἀπʼ αἰγλήεντος Ὀλύμπου,","translation":"and at once he thundered from gleaming Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐβρόντησεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐβρόντησεν","lemma":"βροντάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thundered","note":"Zeus's thunderclap is the divine sign Odysseus asked for — answered instantly, underscoring the prayer's power."},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἰγλήεντος","lemma":"αἰγλήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀλύμπου","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπου","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ᾽","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b20-l104","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐκ νεφέων· γήθησε δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"high up out of the clouds; and noble Odysseus rejoiced.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψόθεν","lemma":"ὑψόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"on high"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"νεφέων","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"γήθησε","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γήθησε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b20-l105","source":"φήμην δʼ ἐξ οἴκοιο γυνὴ προέηκεν ἀλετρὶς","translation":"And a woman, a grinder of grain, sent forth an omen from the house","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φήμην","lemma":"φήμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προέηκεν","gloss":"an omen"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οἴκοιο","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προέηκεν","gloss":"a woman"},{"surface":"προέηκεν","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent forth","note":"προίημι — her chance words become the human φήμη Odysseus prayed for, fulfilling the first half of his double sign."},{"surface":"ἀλετρὶς","lemma":"ἀλετρίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γυνὴ","gloss":"grinder-woman"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b20-l106","source":"πλησίον, ἔνθʼ ἄρα οἱ μύλαι ἥατο ποιμένι λαῶν,","translation":"nearby, where the mills stood for the shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l106.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ποιμένι λαῶν","title":"\"Shepherd of the people\"","body":"Poimên laôn, \"shepherd of the people,\" is a stock epithet for a king or leader, here Odysseus. The image of ruler-as-herdsman is common in Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προέηκεν","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"μύλαι","lemma":"μύλη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἥατο","gloss":"mills"},{"surface":"ἥατο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἴκοιο","gloss":"stood","note":"ἧμαι pluperfect ἥατο, 'were set/stood,' describing a fixed installation — used of things in place, not persons sitting."},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of people","note":"ποιμένι λαῶν 'shepherd of the people,' a stock Homeric epithet for a king/lord, here referring to Odysseus."}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b20-l107","source":"τῇσιν δώδεκα πᾶσαι ἐπερρώοντο γυναῖκες","translation":"at which twelve women in all toiled away,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπερρώοντο","gloss":"at which"},{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπερρώοντο","lemma":"ἐπιρρώομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μύλαι","gloss":"toiled"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπερρώοντο","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b20-l108","source":"ἄλφιτα τεύχουσαι καὶ ἀλείατα, μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"making barley-meal and flour, the marrow of men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l108.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν","title":"\"Marrow of men\"","body":"Grain is called \"the marrow of men,\" a vivid metaphor for the food that sustains life and strength."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλφιτα","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"barley-meal"},{"surface":"τεύχουσαι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐπερρώοντο","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλείατα","lemma":"ἀλείατα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"flour"},{"surface":"μυελὸν","lemma":"μυελός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"marrow","note":"'Marrow of men' — a striking metaphor calling ground grain the vital sustenance of humankind."},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μυελὸν","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b20-l109","source":"αἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἄλλαι εὗδον, ἐπεὶ κατὰ πυρὸν ἄλεσσαν,","translation":"Now the others were sleeping, since they had ground their wheat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies ἄλλαι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of εὗδον","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"εὗδον","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were sleeping"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"In tmesis with ἄλεσσαν (κατὰ...ἄλεσσαν = κατήλεσαν): 'ground up completely.'"},{"surface":"πυρὸν","lemma":"πυρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄλεσσαν","gloss":"wheat"},{"surface":"ἄλεσσαν","lemma":"ἀλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had ground"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b20-l110","source":"ἡ δὲ μίʼ οὔπω παύετʼ, ἀφαυροτάτη δʼ ἐτέτυκτο·","translation":"but this one alone had not yet stopped, being the feeblest of them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of παύετ᾽","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μί","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"μία 'one' used adverbially, 'she alone (of the twelve),' singling out the weakest grinder for the key omen."},{"surface":"οὔπω","lemma":"οὔπω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παύετ᾽","gloss":"not yet"},{"surface":"παύετ","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stopping"},{"surface":"ἀφαυροτάτη","lemma":"ἀφαυρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weakest"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was made","note":"τεύχω pluperfect ἐτέτυκτο, 'had been made/was,' a common Homeric periphrasis for simple 'was.'"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b20-l111","source":"ἥ ῥα μύλην στήσασα ἔπος φάτο, σῆμα ἄνακτι·","translation":"She stopped her mill and spoke a word, a sign for her master:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l111.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σῆμα","title":"sêma — sign/omen","body":"A sêma is a meaningful sign sent by the gods. The miller-woman's unwitting words become the second omen Odysseus prayed for."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φάτο","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μύλην","lemma":"μύλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of στήσασα","gloss":"mill"},{"surface":"στήσασα","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"stopping"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"a sign","note":"σῆμα ἄνακτι, 'a sign for her master' — the narrator flags her words as the very omen Odysseus prayed for."},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"for her master"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b20-l112","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, ὅς τε θεοῖσι καὶ ἀνθρώποισιν\n                     ἀνάσσεις,","translation":"\"Father Zeus, you who rule over gods and men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάσσεις","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσεις","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεῦ","gloss":"rule over","note":"ἀνάσσεις 'you rule' — the grinder-woman echoes Odysseus's own prayer opening ('Ζεῦ πάτερ'), the omen answering his exact words."}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b20-l113","source":"ἦ μεγάλʼ ἐβρόντησας ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος,","translation":"loudly indeed you have thundered from the starry sky,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"epic asseverative particle, not a question marker here"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐβρόντησας","gloss":"loudly","note":"neuter plural adjective used adverbially, \"greatly/loudly\""},{"surface":"ἐβρόντησας","lemma":"βροντάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you thundered"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὐρανοῦ","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ᾽","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"ἀστερόεντος","lemma":"ἀστερόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανοῦ","gloss":"starry","note":"stock Homeric epithet for the night sky, \"studded with stars\""}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b20-l114","source":"οὐδέ ποθι νέφος ἐστί· τέρας νύ τεῳ τόδε φαίνεις.","translation":"and there is no cloud anywhere: surely you show this as a sign to someone.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποθι","lemma":"ποθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστί","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"νέφος","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"cloud"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φαίνεις","gloss":"sign","note":"τέρας: a portent/omen, here Zeus's unprompted thunder from a clear sky"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαίνεις","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τεῳ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of φαίνεις","gloss":"to someone"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τέρας","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φαίνεις","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you show"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b20-l115","source":"κρῆνον νῦν καὶ ἐμοὶ δειλῇ ἔπος, ὅττι κεν εἴπω·","translation":"Grant now to wretched me too the word that I will speak:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρῆνον","lemma":"κραίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant","note":"κραίνω: to bring to fulfillment; an imperative asking the god to fulfill her word as an omen"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρῆνον","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κρῆνον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δειλῇ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐμοὶ","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κρῆνον","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"what","note":"ὅττι: emphatic doubled-consonant form of ὅτι/relative, \"whatever\""},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"κεν + subjunctive εἴπω gives a generalizing future sense, \"that I may speak\""},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔπος","gloss":"I speak"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b20-l116","source":"μνηστῆρες πύματόν τε καὶ ὕστατον ἤματι τῷδε","translation":"may the suitors, for the very last and final time this day,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἑλοίατο","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"πύματόν","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"for the last"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕστατον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"last","note":"ὕστατον, used adverbially with πύματον for emphatic 'last of all.'"},{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλοίατο","gloss":"on day"},{"surface":"τῷδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"this"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b20-l117","source":"ἐν μεγάροις Ὀδυσῆος ἑλοίατο δαῖτʼ ἐρατεινήν,","translation":"take their lovely feast in the halls of Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροις","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἑλοίατο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may they take","note":"aorist middle optative of wish, matching κρῆνον's imperative request"},{"surface":"δαῖτ","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλοίατο","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινήν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτ᾽","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b20-l118","source":"οἳ δή μοι καμάτῳ θυμαλγέι· γούνατʼ ἔλυσαν","translation":"they who with heart-grieving toil have loosened my knees","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l118.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γούνατʼ ἔλυσαν","title":"\"loosened the knees\"","body":"A Homeric idiom for exhaustion or death; here the grinding has worn the woman down. The same phrase elsewhere describes a warrior killed in battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"my","note":"dative of possession/reference with γούνατ᾽: \"my knees\" literally \"knees to me\""},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"θυμαλγέι","lemma":"θυμαλγής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies καμάτῳ","gloss":"heart-grieving"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"knees","note":"\"loosen the knees\" is Homeric idiom for exhausting someone"},{"surface":"ἔλυσαν","lemma":"ἐλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"have loosened"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b20-l119","source":"ἄλφιτα τευχούσῃ· νῦν ὕστατα δειπνήσειαν.","translation":"as I made their meal: now may they dine for the last time.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλφιτα","lemma":"ἄλφιτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τευχούσῃ","gloss":"barley-meal"},{"surface":"τευχούσῃ","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"making","note":"old woman grinding grain speaks of the suitors who wear her out"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δειπνήσειαν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὕστατα","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to δειπνήσειαν","gloss":"for the last time"},{"surface":"δειπνήσειαν","lemma":"δειπνέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may they dine"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b20-l120","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, χαῖρεν δὲ κλεηδόνι δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"So she spoke, and noble Odysseus rejoiced at the omen","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"χαῖρεν","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλεηδόνι","lemma":"κληδών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"omen"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος: formulaic epithet, \"godlike/noble,\" recurring for major heroes"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαῖρεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b20-l121","source":"Ζηνός τε βροντῇ· φάτο γὰρ τίσασθαι ἀλείτας.","translation":"and at the thunder of Zeus, for he believed he would punish the guilty.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνός","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βροντῇ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βροντῇ","lemma":"βροντή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"thunder"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he believed","note":"middle φάτο of φημί, \"said to himself/thought,\" not spoken aloud"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τίσασθαι","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"to punish"},{"surface":"ἀλείτας","lemma":"ἀλείτης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τίσασθαι","gloss":"the guilty"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b20-l122","source":"αἱ δʼ ἄλλαι δμῳαὶ κατὰ δώματα κάλʼ Ὀδυσῆος","translation":"The other serving-women through the fair house of Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies δμῳαὶ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δμῳαὶ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέκαιον","gloss":"serving-women"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies κατὰ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κάλ","lemma":"κάλη","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b20-l123","source":"ἀγρόμεναι ἀνέκαιον ἐπʼ ἐσχάρῃ ἀκάματον πῦρ.","translation":"gathered and kindled the tireless fire on the hearth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγρόμεναι","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέκαιον","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"ἀνέκαιον","lemma":"ἀνακαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἐσχάρῃ","lemma":"ἐσχάρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"tireless","note":"ἀκάματον: epic epithet for fire, \"unwearying\""},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέκαιον","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b20-l124","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ εὐνῆθεν ἀνίστατο, ἰσόθεος φώς,","translation":"Telemachus rose from his bed, a man like a god,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐνῆθεν","lemma":"εὐνῆθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνίστατο","gloss":"from bed","note":"εὐνῆθεν: adverb with the -θεν \"from\" suffix, \"from his bed\""},{"surface":"ἀνίστατο","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ἰσόθεος","lemma":"ἰσόθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φώς","gloss":"godlike","note":"ἰσόθεος: formulaic heroic epithet, \"equal to a god\""},{"surface":"φώς","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b20-l125","source":"εἵματα ἑσσάμενος· περὶ δὲ ξίφος ὀξὺ θέτʼ ὤμῳ·","translation":"and put on his clothes; about his shoulder he slung a sharp sword;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑσσάμενος","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"ἑσσάμενος","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνίστατο","gloss":"putting on"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέτ᾽","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"θέτ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he slung"},{"surface":"ὤμῳ","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"shoulder"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b20-l126","source":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,","translation":"beneath his shining feet he bound his fine sandals,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"λιπαροῖσιν","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποσσὶ","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he bound"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέδιλα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b20-l127","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος, ἀκαχμένον ὀξέι· χαλκῷ·","translation":"and took up a strong spear, tipped with sharp bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἀκαχμένον","lemma":"ἀκαχμένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"tipped","note":"ἀκαχμένον: perfect participle, \"sharpened/pointed with\""},{"surface":"ὀξέι","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b20-l128","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰών, πρὸς δʼ Εὐρύκλειαν ἔειπε·","translation":"He went and stood on the threshold, and spoke to Eurycleia:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"going","note":"present participle ἰών, \"going,\" describing motion coincident with στῆ, \"stood\""},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρύκλειαν","lemma":"Εὐρύκλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"Eurycleia"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b20-l129","source":"μαῖα φίλη, τὸν ξεῖνον ἐτιμήσασθʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ","translation":"\"Dear nurse, did you honor the stranger in the house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαῖα","lemma":"μαῖα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"nurse","note":"vocative of endearment; μαῖα = affectionate term for an old nurse/mother-figure"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"function word","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτιμήσασθ᾽","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἐτιμήσασθ","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you honor"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b20-l130","source":"εὐνῇ καὶ σίτῳ, ἦ αὔτως κεῖται ἀκηδής;","translation":"with a bed and food, or does he lie just so, uncared for?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνῇ","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίτῳ","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"just so","note":"αὔτως: \"just as he is/without care,\" implying neglect"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"does he lie"},{"surface":"ἀκηδής","lemma":"ἀκηδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"uncared for"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b20-l131","source":"τοιαύτη γὰρ ἐμὴ μήτηρ, πινυτή περ ἐοῦσα·","translation":"For such is my mother, sensible though she is:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιαύτη","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμὴ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"πινυτή","lemma":"πινυτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sensible"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though","note":"concessive περ with the participle: \"sensible though she is\""},{"surface":"ἐοῦσα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b20-l132","source":"ἐμπλήγδην ἕτερόν γε τίει μερόπων ἀνθρώπων","translation":"rashly she honors the worse of mortal men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμπλήγδην","lemma":"ἐμπλήγδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίει","gloss":"rashly"},{"surface":"ἕτερόν","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of τίει","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τίει","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she honors"},{"surface":"μερόπων","lemma":"μέροψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal","note":"μερόπων: epic epithet \"of speech-divided/articulate\" men, i.e. mortals"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕτερόν","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b20-l133","source":"χείρονα, τὸν δέ τʼ ἀρείονʼ ἀτιμήσασʼ ἀποπέμπει.","translation":"while the better she sends away dishonored.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χείρονα","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"object","gloss":"worse man"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἀρείον᾽","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀρείον","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of ἀποπέμπει","gloss":"better man"},{"surface":"ἀτιμήσασ","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀποπέμπει","gloss":"dishonoring"},{"surface":"ἀποπέμπει","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sends away"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b20-l134","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Εὐρύκλεια·","translation":"Then prudent Eurycleia answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρύκλεια","gloss":"prudent","note":"περίφρων: recurring epithet for wise women characters like Eurycleia and Penelope"},{"surface":"Εὐρύκλεια","lemma":"Εὐρύκλεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Eurycleia"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b20-l135","source":"οὐκ ἄν μιν νῦν, τέκνον, ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳο.","translation":"\"You should not now, child, blame her when she is blameless.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l135.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳο","title":"Wordplay: blame the blameless","body":"The verb 'blame' (αἰτιάομαι) is set against its negative adjective 'blameless' (ἀναίτιον), a deliberate figura etymologica. αἰτιόῳο is a second-person optative in the potential 'you should/would' sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)","note":"οὐκ ἄν + optative αἰτιόῳο = polite potential, \"you should not blame\""},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of αἰτιόῳο","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἰτιόῳο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child","note":"vocative τέκνον, affectionate address from nurse to Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἀναίτιον","lemma":"ἀναίτιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"αἰτιόῳο","lemma":"αἰτιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blame"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b20-l136","source":"οἶνον μὲν γὰρ πῖνε καθήμενος, ὄφρʼ ἔθελʼ αὐτός,","translation":"For he sat and drank wine as long as he himself wished,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πῖνε","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πῖνε","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he drank"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πῖνε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"ἔθελ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"he wished"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b20-l137","source":"σίτου δʼ οὐκέτʼ ἔφη πεινήμεναι· εἴρετο γάρ μιν.","translation":"and said he no longer hungered for food, when she asked him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεινήμεναι","gloss":"for food"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεινήμεναι","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"πεινήμεναι","lemma":"πεινάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφη","gloss":"to hunger"},{"surface":"εἴρετο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she asked"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴρετο","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b20-l138","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κοίτοιο καὶ ὕπνου μιμνήσκοιτο,","translation":"But when he turned his mind to rest and sleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κοίτοιο","lemma":"κοῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of rest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπνου","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"μιμνήσκοιτο","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"he turned his mind","note":"μιμνήσκοιτο + genitives κοίτοιο/ὕπνου: \"be reminded of, think of\" rest and sleep"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b20-l139","source":"ἡ μὲν δέμνιʼ ἄνωγεν ὑποστορέσαι δμῳῇσιν,","translation":"she ordered the maids to spread bedding for him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δέμνι","lemma":"δέμνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑποστορέσαι","gloss":"bedding"},{"surface":"ἄνωγεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"ὑποστορέσαι","lemma":"ὑποστορέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"to spread"},{"surface":"δμῳῇσιν","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"for the maids"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b20-l140","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ, ὥς τις πάμπαν ὀϊζυρὸς καὶ ἄποτμος,","translation":"but he, like a man utterly wretched and luckless,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθελ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"someone","note":"ὥς τις: \"like some (utterly wretched) man,\" a simile-introducing formula"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly"},{"surface":"ὀϊζυρὸς","lemma":"ὀιζυρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄποτμος","lemma":"ἄποτμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"luckless"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b20-l141","source":"οὐκ ἔθελʼ ἐν λέκτροισι καὶ ἐν ῥήγεσσι καθεύδειν,","translation":"would not sleep on a bed and under blankets,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔθελ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was willing"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"λέκτροισι","lemma":"λέκτρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ῥήγεσσι","lemma":"ῥῆγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"blankets"},{"surface":"καθεύδειν","lemma":"καθεύδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔθελ᾽","gloss":"to sleep"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b20-l142","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐν ἀδεψήτῳ βοέῃ καὶ κώεσιν οἰῶν","translation":"but on an undressed bullock's hide and the fleeces of sheep","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀδεψήτῳ","lemma":"ἀδέψητος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοέῃ","gloss":"undressed","note":"ἀδέψητος = 'untanned', vivid detail of Odysseus's ascetic bedding"},{"surface":"βοέῃ","lemma":"βοείη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bullock-hide"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κώεσιν","lemma":"κῶας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fleeces"},{"surface":"οἰῶν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κώεσιν","gloss":"of sheep"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b20-l143","source":"ἔδραθʼ ἐνὶ προδόμῳ· χλαῖναν δʼ ἐπιέσσαμεν ἡμεῖς.","translation":"he lay down in the forecourt; and we threw a cloak over him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔδραθ","lemma":"δαρθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he lay down","note":"δαρθάνω root aorist ἔδραθ(ε), syncopated form common in Homer"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προδόμῳ","lemma":"πρόδομος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"forecourt"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιέσσαμεν","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιέσσαμεν","lemma":"ἐφίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we threw over"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιέσσαμεν","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b20-l144","source":"ὣς φάτο, Τηλέμαχος δὲ διὲκ μεγάροιο βεβήκει","translation":"So she spoke, and Telemachus strode out through the hall","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so","note":"formulaic ὣς φάτο marks end of quoted speech"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὲκ","lemma":"διέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out through"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὲκ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had strode","note":"pluperfect βεβήκει gives vivid 'had already gone' sense, common epic tense for swift action"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b20-l145","source":"ἔγχος ἔχων, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω κύνες ἀργοὶ ἕποντο.","translation":"holding his spear, and two swift dogs followed at his side.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ἀργοὶ","lemma":"ἀργός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"swift","note":"ἀργός 'swift/white' epithet regularly paired with hunting dogs"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b20-l146","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν εἰς ἀγορὴν μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"He went on his way to the assembly, to join the well-greaved Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l146.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐϋκνήμιδας","title":"\"well-greaved\" Achaeans","body":"A stock epithet praising the Achaeans for their fine bronze shin-guards (greaves). Such formulaic epithets fit the meter and recur across the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go","note":"complementary infinitive with βῆ, a common Homeric idiom 'he went to go' = 'he set out'"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἐϋκνήμιδας","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"well-greaved","note":"stock Homeric epithet for the Achaeans, formulaic filler at line end"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b20-l147","source":"ἡ δʼ αὖτε δμῳῇσιν ἐκέκλετο δῖα γυναικῶν,","translation":"Then the noble among women called out to the maids,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"δμῳῇσιν","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκέκλετο","gloss":"maidservants"},{"surface":"ἐκέκλετο","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"noble one","note":"δῖα γυναικῶν 'noblest of women' formulaic epithet, here for the nurse Eurycleia"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of women"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b20-l148","source":"Εὐρύκλειʼ, Ὦπος θυγάτηρ Πεισηνορίδαο·","translation":"Eurycleia, daughter of Ops, Peisenor's son:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύκλει","lemma":"Εὐρύκλεια","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurycleia"},{"surface":"Ὦπος","lemma":"Ὦψ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Ops"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Πεισηνορίδαο","lemma":"Πεισηνορίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὦπος","gloss":"son of Peisenor"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b20-l149","source":"ἀγρεῖθʼ, αἱ μὲν δῶμα κορήσατε ποιπνύσασαι,","translation":"\"Come, bestir yourselves: some of you sweep the house and tidy it,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγρεῖθ","lemma":"ἀγρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come, bestir","note":"imperative ἀγρεῖτε (contracted) used as a rousing exclamation, 'up now!'"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κορήσατε","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"κορήσατε","lemma":"κορέω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sweep"},{"surface":"ποιπνύσασαι","lemma":"ποιπνύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to κορήσατε","gloss":"tidying up"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b20-l150","source":"ῥάσσατέ τʼ, ἔν τε θρόνοις εὐποιήτοισι τάπητας","translation":"sprinkle the floor, and on the well-made chairs","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥάσσατέ","lemma":"ῥαίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprinkle"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρόνοις","lemma":"θρόνον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔν","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"εὐποιήτοισι","lemma":"εὐποίητος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies θρόνοις","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"τάπητας","lemma":"τάπης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of βάλλετε","gloss":"coverlets","note":"τάπης 'rug/coverlet' thrown on chairs, everyday household detail"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b20-l151","source":"βάλλετε πορφυρέους· αἱ δὲ σπόγγοισι τραπέζας","translation":"throw the purple coverings; others, with sponges, the tables","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλετε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw"},{"surface":"πορφυρέους","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τάπητας","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπόγγοισι","lemma":"σπόγγος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφιμάσασθε","gloss":"with sponges"},{"surface":"τραπέζας","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιμάσασθε","gloss":"tables"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b20-l152","source":"πάσας ἀμφιμάσασθε, καθήρατε δὲ κρητῆρας","translation":"wipe down, every one, and clean the mixing-bowls","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάσας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies τραπέζας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀμφιμάσασθε","lemma":"ἀμφιμαίομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wipe down"},{"surface":"καθήρατε","lemma":"καθαίρω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clean"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρητῆρας","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δέπα","gloss":"mixing-bowls","note":"κρατήρ, the large vessel for mixing wine and water at a feast"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b20-l153","source":"καὶ δέπα ἀμφικύπελλα τετυγμένα· ταὶ δὲ μεθʼ ὕδωρ","translation":"and the well-wrought double cups; and you, for water","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέπα","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cups"},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλα","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπα","gloss":"double-handled","note":"ἀμφικύπελλος 'cup with handle on both sides', stock Homeric object-epithet"},{"surface":"τετυγμένα","lemma":"τεύκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies δέπα","gloss":"well-wrought"},{"surface":"ταὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you (fem.)"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μεθ᾽","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b20-l154","source":"ἔρχεσθε κρήνηνδε, καὶ οἴσετε θᾶσσον ἰοῦσαι.","translation":"go to the spring, and bring it back quickly as you come.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"κρήνηνδε","lemma":"κρήνηνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔρχεσθε","gloss":"to the spring","note":"directional suffix -δε 'to/toward' attached directly to the noun, no preposition needed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴσετε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring back"},{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰοῦσαι","gloss":"quicker"},{"surface":"ἰοῦσαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to οἴσετε","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b20-l155","source":"οὐ γὰρ δὴν μνηστῆρες ἀπέσσονται μεγάροιο,","translation":"For the suitors will not be long away from the hall,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέσσονται","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέσσονται","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀπέσσονται","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be away"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπέσσονται","gloss":"from the hall"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b20-l156","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἦρι νέονται, ἐπεὶ καὶ πᾶσιν ἑορτή.","translation":"but will come very early, since today is a feast for all.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἦρι","lemma":"ἦρι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νέονται","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"νέονται","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they will come","note":"present νέονται used with future sense, common in Homer for imminent return"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"ἑορτή","lemma":"ἑορτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a feast"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b20-l157","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἱ δʼ ἄρα τῆς μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδʼ\n                  ἐπίθοντο.","translation":"So she spoke, and they listened well to her and obeyed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κλύον","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλύον","gloss":"well","note":"μάλα μὲν...ἠδ᾽ frames the pair 'listened well AND obeyed', emphatic double response"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλύον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they heard"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they obeyed"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b20-l158","source":"αἱ μὲν ἐείκοσι βῆσαν ἐπὶ κρήνην μελάνυδρον,","translation":"Twenty of them went to the spring of dark water,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆσαν","gloss":"they (fem.)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐείκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies αἱ","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"βῆσαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"κρήνην","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"μελάνυδρον","lemma":"μελάνυδρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κρήνην","gloss":"dark-watered","note":"μελάνυδρος compound epithet, poetic color for deep spring water"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b20-l159","source":"αἱ δʼ αὐτοῦ κατὰ δώματʼ ἐπισταμένως πονέοντο.","translation":"and the others labored skillfully there about the house.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πονέοντο","gloss":"others (fem.)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πονέοντο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένως","lemma":"ἐπισταμένως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πονέοντο","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"πονέοντο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"labored"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b20-l160","source":"ἐς δʼ ἦλθον δρηστῆρες Ἀχαιῶν. οἱ μὲν ἔπειτα","translation":"In came the menservants of the Achaeans. They then","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δρηστῆρες","lemma":"δρηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"menservants"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δρηστῆρες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέασαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέασαν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b20-l161","source":"εὖ καὶ ἐπισταμένως κέασαν ξύλα, ταὶ δὲ γυναῖκες","translation":"well and skillfully split firewood, and the women","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένως","lemma":"ἐπισταμένως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"κέασαν","lemma":"κεάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"split"},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κέασαν","gloss":"firewood"},{"surface":"ταὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine article","role":"modifies γυναῖκες","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκες","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b20-l162","source":"ἦλθον ἀπὸ κρήνης· ἐπὶ δέ σφισιν ἦλθε συβώτης","translation":"came back from the spring; and after them came the swineherd","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρήνης","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"spring"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after","note":"ἐπὶ...ἦλθε tmesis-style split, preposition separated from its verb across the clause"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b20-l163","source":"τρεῖς σιάλους κατάγων, οἳ ἔσαν μετὰ πᾶσιν ἄριστοι.","translation":"driving in three fattened hogs, the best of all his herd.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies σιάλους","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"σιάλους","lemma":"σίαλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατάγων","gloss":"hogs"},{"surface":"κατάγων","lemma":"κατάγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"driving down","note":"κατάγων 'leading down' from pasture, precise herding verb"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σιάλους","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b20-l164","source":"καὶ τοὺς μέν ῥʼ εἴασε καθʼ ἕρκεα καλὰ νέμεσθαι,","translation":"These he let feed within the fair enclosures,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νέμεσθαι","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἴασε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he let"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἕρκεα","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καθ᾽","gloss":"enclosures"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρκεα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"νέμεσθαι","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴασε","gloss":"to feed"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b20-l165","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα προσηύδα μειλιχίοισι·","translation":"and he himself spoke to Odysseus with gentle words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l165.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μειλιχίοισι","title":"\"gentle words\"","body":"μειλίχιος means soothing or kindly; the noun 'words' is understood. The phrase marks the loyal swineherd's warmth, in sharp contrast to Melanthius' jeering that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"μειλιχίοισι","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"with gentle words","note":"μειλιχίοισι formulaic dative of manner, 'with soothing words', regular epic phrase"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b20-l166","source":"ξεῖνʼ, ἦ ἄρ τί σε μᾶλλον Ἀχαιοὶ εἰσορόωσιν,","translation":"\"Stranger, do the Achaeans regard you any better now,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger","note":"vocative address opening direct speech, standard epic formula toward a guest"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰσορόωσιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἰσορόωσιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσορόωσιν","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦέ","gloss":"Achaeans"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωσιν","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"regard"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b20-l167","source":"ἦέ σʼ ἀτιμάζουσι κατὰ μέγαρʼ, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ;","translation":"or do they dishonor you throughout the halls, as before?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀτιμάζουσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζουσι","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dishonor"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"μέγαρ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before","note":"ὡς τὸ πάρος περ 'just as before', emphatic πέρ underscores continuity of past mistreatment"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b20-l168","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολυμήτις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l168.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολυμήτις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Epithet \"of many wiles\"","body":"πολύμητις, 'of many counsels/wiles,' is Odysseus' signature epithet. Such name-plus-epithet formulas are nominative subject phrases that fill the verse's end."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολυμήτις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus's classic epithet marking his cunning nature, common noun-epithet formula"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b20-l169","source":"αἲ γὰρ δή, Εὔμαιε, θεοὶ τισαίατο λώβην,","translation":"\"Would, Eumaeus, that the gods might avenge the outrage","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that","note":"αἲ γάρ + optative is a wish formula: 'would that'."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus","note":"Vocative addressing the swineherd; the noun it depends on is left unstated."},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τισαίατο","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"τισαίατο","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might avenge","note":"Optative of wish (with αἲ γάρ) expresses a hope, not a real condition."},{"surface":"λώβην","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τισαίατο","gloss":"the outrage"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b20-l170","source":"ἣν οἵδʼ ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανόωνται","translation":"which these men in their insolence recklessly devise","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἵδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"ὑβρίζοντες","lemma":"ὑβρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μηχανόωνται","gloss":"acting insolently","note":"Present participle giving the manner of their scheming, not a separate action."},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλα","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μηχανόωνται","gloss":"reckless things"},{"surface":"μηχανόωνται","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"devise"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b20-l171","source":"οἴκῳ ἐν ἀλλοτρίῳ, οὐδʼ αἰδοῦς μοῖραν ἔχουσιν.","translation":"in another's house, and have no portion of shame.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀλλοτρίῳ","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"another's"},{"surface":"αἰδοῦς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μοῖραν","gloss":"of shame"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"portion"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"have"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b20-l172","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were speaking"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b20-l173","source":"ἀγχίμολον δέ σφʼ ἦλθε Μελάνθιος, αἰπόλος αἰγῶν.","translation":"and close at hand came Melanthius, the herder of goats,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"close at hand","note":"Adverbial accusative of the adjective, a common epic idiom for 'nearby'."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Μελάνθιος","lemma":"Μελάνθιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Melanthius"},{"surface":"αἰπόλος","lemma":"αἰπόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goatherd","note":"Formulaic epithet-phrase 'goatherd of goats' names Melanthius' role."},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰπόλος","gloss":"of goats"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b20-l174","source":"αἶγας ἄγων αἳ πᾶσι μετέρεπον αἰπολίοισι,","translation":"leading goats that were the finest in all the flocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of μετέρεπον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπολίοισι","gloss":"among all"},{"surface":"μετέρεπον","lemma":"μεταπρέπω","morphology":"plural","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"were finest","note":"Aeolic/epic form μετέρεπον for μετέπρεπον 'stood out among'."},{"surface":"αἰπολίοισι","lemma":"αἰπόλιον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετέρεπον","gloss":"the herds"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b20-l175","source":"δεῖπνον μνηστήρεσσι. δύω δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο νομῆες.","translation":"for the suitors' meal; and two herdsmen came with him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a meal"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δεῖπνον","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νομῆες","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were following"},{"surface":"νομῆες","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"herdsmen"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b20-l176","source":"καὶ τὰς μὲν κατέδησεν ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ ἐριδούπῳ,","translation":"He tied the goats up under the echoing portico,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of κατέδησεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέδησεν","lemma":"καταδέομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tied up"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"αἰθούσῃ","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"the portico"},{"surface":"ἐριδούπῳ","lemma":"ἐρίδουπος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰθούσῃ","gloss":"echoing","note":"Stock epithet 'echoing' formulaically describes the portico (repeated at l189)."}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b20-l177","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα προσηύδα κερτομίοισι·","translation":"and himself again addressed Odysseus with taunts:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"κερτομίοισι","lemma":"κερτόμιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"with taunts"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b20-l178","source":"ξεῖνʼ, ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐνθάδʼ ἀνιήσεις κατὰ δῶμα","translation":"\"Stranger, will you still even now be a nuisance here through the house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger","note":"Vocative; the implied head noun (something like 'fellow') is elided, common in vocative address."},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνιήσεις","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνιήσεις","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀνιήσεις","lemma":"ἀνιάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will annoy"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the house"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b20-l179","source":"ἀνέρας αἰτίζων, ἀτὰρ οὐκ ἔξεισθα θύραζε;","translation":"begging from the men? Will you not get out the door?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰτίζων","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"αἰτίζων","lemma":"αἰτίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνιήσεις","gloss":"begging from"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔξεισθα","lemma":"ἔξειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will you go out","note":"Epic ἔξειμι (present with future sense) used of departure."},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔξεισθα","gloss":"out the door"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b20-l180","source":"πάντως οὐκέτι νῶϊ διακρινέεσθαι ὀΐω","translation":"I think we two will not part at all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντως","lemma":"πάντως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀΐω","gloss":"altogether"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διακρινέεσθαι","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"νῶϊ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διακρινέεσθαι","gloss":"we two","note":"Dual pronoun νῶϊ marks Melanthius and Odysseus as a pair about to fight."},{"surface":"διακρινέεσθαι","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"to part"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b20-l181","source":"πρὶν χειρῶν γεύσασθαι, ἐπεὶ σύ περ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον","translation":"before we taste each other's fists, since you beg not in any decent way,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l181.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ κόσμον","title":"kosmos — in due order","body":"κατὰ κόσμον means 'fittingly, in proper order.' Melanthius accuses the beggar of behaving without decorum, ironic given his own abuse."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of γεύσασθαι","gloss":"of hands"},{"surface":"γεύσασθαι","lemma":"γεύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"tasting","note":"Idiom 'taste of hands' = 'come to blows'."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of αἰτίζεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"decent order"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b20-l182","source":"αἰτίζεις· εἰσὶν δὲ καὶ ἄλλαι δαῖτες Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"but there are other feasts of the Achaeans too.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰτίζεις","lemma":"αἰτίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"δαῖτες","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶν","gloss":"feasts"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b20-l183","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"So he spoke, but Odysseus of many wiles made no answer to him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"Epithet πολύμητις is Odysseus' signature formula, marking his cunning silence."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b20-l184","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκέων κίνησε κάρη, κακὰ βυσσοδομεύων.","translation":"but silently shook his head, brooding deep on evil.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l184.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βυσσοδομεύων","title":"\"building in the deep\"","body":"A vivid metaphor: Odysseus is 'building deep down,' i.e. quietly plotting vengeance in his heart while keeping outward calm."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to κίνησε","gloss":"silently"},{"surface":"κίνησε","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he shook"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κίνησε","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of βυσσοδομεύων","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"βυσσοδομεύων","lemma":"βυσσοδομεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίνησε","gloss":"brooding deep on","note":"βυσσοδομεύω 'build in the depths' vividly pictures hidden scheming."}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b20-l185","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπὶ τρίτος ἦλθε Φιλοίτιος, ὄρχαμος\n                  ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"Then a third came to them, Philoetius, a leader of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"τρίτος","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Φιλοίτιος","lemma":"Φιλοίτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Philoetius"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμος","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b20-l186","source":"βοῦν στεῖραν μνηστῆρσιν ἄγων καὶ πίονας αἶγας.","translation":"bringing a barren cow for the suitors and fat goats.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a cow"},{"surface":"στεῖραν","lemma":"στεῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"barren"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίονας","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b20-l187","source":"πορθμῆες δʼ ἄρα τούς γε διήγαγον, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους","translation":"Ferrymen had brought them across, men who also carry other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πορθμῆες","lemma":"πορθμεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διήγαγον","gloss":"ferrymen"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τούς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of διήγαγον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"διήγαγον","lemma":"διάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had ferried across"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμπουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b20-l188","source":"ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν, ὅτις σφέας εἰσαφίκηται.","translation":"people, whoever comes to them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπουσιν","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"πέμπουσιν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πορθμῆες","gloss":"carry","note":"Gnomic present describing the ferrymen's habitual trade."},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσαφίκηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"σφέας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰσαφίκηται","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"εἰσαφίκηται","lemma":"εἰσαφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b20-l189","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν εὖ κατέδησεν ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ ἐριδούπῳ,","translation":"He tied these up well under the echoing portico,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of κατέδησεν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέδησεν","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κατέδησεν","lemma":"καταδέομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tied up"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"αἰθούσῃ","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"the portico"},{"surface":"ἐριδούπῳ","lemma":"ἐρίδουπος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰθούσῃ","gloss":"echoing","note":"Same formulaic epithet-noun pair repeated verbatim from line 176."}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b20-l190","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ ἐρέεινε συβώτην ἄγχι παραστάς·","translation":"and himself then questioned the swineherd, standing close beside him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐρέεινε","lemma":"ἐρεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"questioned"},{"surface":"συβώτην","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρέεινε","gloss":"the swineherd"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παραστάς","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέεινε","gloss":"standing beside","note":"Aorist participle παραστάς marks the approach as complete before the questioning."}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b20-l191","source":"τίς δὴ ὅδε ξεῖνος νέον εἰλήλουθε, συβῶτα,","translation":"\"Who is this stranger newly come, swineherd,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰλήλουθε","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθε","gloss":"newly"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come","note":"Perfect εἰλήλουθε stresses the resulting state: he is here now."},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b20-l192","source":"ἡμέτερον πρὸς δῶμα; τέων δʼ ἐξ εὔχεται εἶναι","translation":"to our house? Of what men does he claim","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέτερον","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"τέων","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of what men","note":"Epic irregular genitive plural τέων = τίνων, 'of whom'."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"does he claim"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b20-l193","source":"ἀνδρῶν; ποῦ δέ νύ οἱ γενεὴ καὶ πατρὶς ἄρουρα;","translation":"to be? Where is his lineage and his native land?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γενεὴ","lemma":"γενεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρὶς","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουρα","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"ἄρουρα","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b20-l194","source":"δύσμορος, ἦ τε ἔοικε δέμας βασιλῆϊ ἄνακτι·","translation":"Ill-fated man—yet in his frame he is like a kingly lord.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσμορος","lemma":"δύσμορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ill-fated"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he is like","note":"Perfect ἔοικε with present force: 'resembles, seems'."},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔοικε","gloss":"in frame"},{"surface":"βασιλῆϊ","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνακτι","gloss":"kingly"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοικε","gloss":"a lord"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b20-l195","source":"ἀλλὰ θεοὶ δυόωσι πολυπλάγκτους ἀνθρώπους,","translation":"But the gods bring low men who wander far,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δυόωσι","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δυόωσι","lemma":"δυάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring low"},{"surface":"πολυπλάγκτους","lemma":"πολύπλαγκτος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"much-wandering"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δυόωσι","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b20-l196","source":"ὁππότε καὶ βασιλεῦσιν ἐπικλώσωνται ὀϊζύν.","translation":"whenever they spin out misery even for kings.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"βασιλεῦσιν","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπικλώσωνται","gloss":"for kings"},{"surface":"ἐπικλώσωνται","lemma":"ἐπικλώθω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"spin out","note":"ἐπικλώθω 'to spin upon' evokes the Fates spinning out a person's destiny."},{"surface":"ὀϊζύν","lemma":"ὀιζύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπικλώσωνται","gloss":"misery"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b20-l197","source":"ἦ καὶ δεξιτερῇ δειδίσκετο χειρὶ παραστάς,","translation":"He spoke, and standing near greeted him with his right hand,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεξιτερῇ","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"with his right"},{"surface":"δειδίσκετο","lemma":"δειδίσκομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"greeted","note":"medio-passive δειδίσκομαι means 'greet, welcome' — deponent-feeling verb, active sense."},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δειδίσκετο","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δειδίσκετο","gloss":"standing near","note":"aorist participle παραστάς 'having stood beside' — action prior to main verb, common epic pattern."}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b20-l198","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and raising his voice spoke winged words to him:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l198.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"\"Winged words\"","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words,' is among the most famous Homeric formulas, picturing speech as flying swiftly from speaker to hearer. ἔπεα is the accusative object of 'spoke.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words' — a stock Homeric formula introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b20-l199","source":"χαῖρε, πάτερ ὦ ξεῖνε· γένοιτό τοι ἔς περ\n                     ὀπίσσω","translation":"\"Greetings, father stranger; may good fortune be yours","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"greetings","note":"χαῖρε, imperative of χαίρω, the standard Greek greeting — literally 'rejoice.'"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ξεῖνε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger","note":"πάτερ ὦ ξεῖνε 'father stranger' — a respectful epic address to an elder guest, not literal kinship."},{"surface":"γένοιτό","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may it be"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of γένοιτό","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἔς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"unto"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔς","gloss":"hereafter","note":"ἔς περ ὀπίσσω 'even hereafter/in future' — περ adds emphasis to the following adverb."}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b20-l200","source":"ὄλβος· ἀτὰρ μὲν νῦν γε κακοῖς ἔχεαι πολέεσσι.","translation":"hereafter; but now indeed you are gripped by many evils.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l200.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄλβος","title":"olbos — prosperity","body":"ὄλβος is happiness rooted in prosperity and security, the very good fortune the stranger now lacks. The word straddles lines 199–200 (enjambment)."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄλβος","lemma":"ὄλβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γένοιτό","gloss":"good fortune"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχεαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"κακοῖς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔχεαι","gloss":"by evils"},{"surface":"ἔχεαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are held","note":"medio-passive ἔχεαι 'you are gripped/held' — passive sense of ἔχω, 'be held fast by.'"},{"surface":"πολέεσσι","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακοῖς","gloss":"many","note":"epic dative plural πολέεσσι of πολύς, an alternate declension form typical of Homeric Greek."}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b20-l201","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, οὔ τις σεῖο θεῶν ὀλοώτερος ἄλλος·","translation":"Father Zeus, no other of the gods is more destructive than you:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father","note":"Ζεῦ πάτερ 'Father Zeus' — a common Homeric vocative address, invoking the god directly."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ὀλοώτερος","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"ὀλοώτερος","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more destructive","note":"comparative ὀλοώτερος 'more baneful' governs the genitive of comparison σεῖο, 'than you.'"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b20-l202","source":"οὐκ ἐλεαίρεις ἄνδρας, ἐπὴν δὴ γείνεαι αὐτός,","translation":"you have no pity on men, though you yourself begot them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρεις","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you pity"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μισγέμεναι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γείνεαι","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"you beget","note":"subjunctive γείνεαι in a general temporal clause with ἐπήν — 'whenever you beget them.'"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b20-l203","source":"μισγέμεναι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι λευγαλέοισιν.","translation":"that they should be mingled with misery and grievous pains.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μισγέμεναι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐλεαίρεις","gloss":"to be mingled","note":"epic infinitive μισγέμεναι (=μίγνυσθαι) 'to be mixed with' — dependent on ἐλεαίρεις, expressing the pitiable result."},{"surface":"κακότητι","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with misery"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλγεσι","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with pains"},{"surface":"λευγαλέοισιν","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεσι","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b20-l204","source":"ἴδιον, ὡς ἐνόησα, δεδάκρυνται δέ μοι ὄσσε","translation":"I broke into sweat when I saw him, and my eyes filled with tears,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴδιον","lemma":"ἰδίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I sweated","note":"ἴδιον from ἰδίω 'to sweat' — rare verb, not to be confused with εἶδον 'I saw'; physical reaction of strong emotion."},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐνόησα","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"I noticed"},{"surface":"δεδάκρυνται","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are filled with tears","note":"perfect δεδάκρυνται 'have been made tearful' — a state resulting from weeping, still true now."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of δεδάκρυνται","gloss":"eyes","note":"ὄσσε is a dual noun 'the two eyes' — an old dual form surviving in epic diction."}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b20-l205","source":"μνησαμένῳ Ὀδυσῆος, ἐπεὶ καὶ κεῖνον ὀΐω","translation":"remembering Odysseus, for I think that he too,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνησαμένῳ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μνησαμένῳ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀλάλησθαι","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b20-l206","source":"τοιάδε λαίφεʼ ἔχοντα κατʼ ἀνθρώπους ἀλάλησθαι,","translation":"wearing such rags as these, wanders among men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιάδε","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies λαίφε᾽","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"λαίφε","lemma":"λαῖφος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"rags"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wearing"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀλάλησθαι","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"wanders","note":"perfect-form middle ἀλάλησθαι 'to be a wanderer' — perfect with present meaning, a state of homeless wandering."}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b20-l207","source":"εἴ που ἔτι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο.","translation":"if indeed he still lives anywhere and sees the light of the sun.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ζώει","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"he lives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρᾷ","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"sees"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρᾷ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun","note":"φάος ἠελίοιο 'the light of the sun' — a formulaic epic phrase for 'to be alive.'"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b20-l208","source":"εἰ δʼ ἤδη τέθνηκε καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισιν,","translation":"But if he is already dead and in the house of Hades,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"τέθνηκε","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"he has died"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"of Hades","note":"Ἀΐδαο, epic genitive of ᾍδης — 'the house of Hades' is the standard epic term for the underworld."},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b20-l209","source":"ὤ μοι ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ὅς μʼ ἐπὶ βουσὶν","translation":"then woe is me for blameless Odysseus, who set me over his cattle,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"woe"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"is me","note":"ὤ μοι 'woe is me' — a formulaic Homeric exclamation of grief, μοι a dative of interest/possession."},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἷσ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἷσ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"βουσὶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b20-l210","source":"εἷσʼ ἔτι τυτθὸν ἐόντα Κεφαλλήνων ἐνὶ δήμῳ.","translation":"while I was still a little child, in the land of the Cephallenians.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷσ","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"set","note":"aorist εἷσ᾽ from ἵζω, causative 'set/placed' — not the more common ἵστημι, easy to confuse."},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"τυτθὸν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"Κεφαλλήνων","lemma":"Κεφαλλήν","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of the Cephallenians"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b20-l211","source":"νῦν δʼ αἱ μὲν γίγνονται ἀθέσφατοι, οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως","translation":"Now those cattle are beyond counting, nor in any other way","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of γίγνονται","gloss":"they","note":"αἱ, feminine article used as pronoun 'they' referring to the cattle (αἱ βόες) — common Homeric usage of ὁ/ἡ as demonstrative."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γίγνονται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"ἀθέσφατοι","lemma":"ἀθέσφατος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποσταχύοιτο","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b20-l212","source":"ἀνδρί γʼ ὑποσταχύοιτο βοῶν γένος εὐρυμετώπων·","translation":"could a man's breed of broad-browed oxen grow up so well;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρί","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑποσταχύοιτο","gloss":"for a man"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ὑποσταχύοιτο","lemma":"ὑποσταχύομαι","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grow up so well","note":"rare verb ὑποσταχύομαι 'to sprout up under' — vivid agricultural metaphor for a herd multiplying."},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies γένος","gloss":"of oxen"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὑποσταχύοιτο","gloss":"breed"},{"surface":"εὐρυμετώπων","lemma":"εὐρυμέτωπος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῶν","gloss":"broad-browed","note":"εὐρυμέτωπος 'broad-browed' — a standard Homeric epithet for cattle."}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b20-l213","source":"τὰς δʼ ἄλλοι με κέλονται ἀγινέμεναί σφισιν αὐτοῖς","translation":"yet others order me to drive these in for them","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγινέμεναί","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κέλονται","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγινέμεναί","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κέλονται","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"ἀγινέμεναί","lemma":"ἀγινέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλονται","gloss":"to drive in"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγινέμεναί","gloss":"for themselves"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σφισιν","gloss":"themselves","note":"σφισιν αὐτοῖς 'for themselves' — the suitors taking Odysseus' cattle for their own feasting, implied greed."}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b20-l214","source":"ἔδμεναι· οὐδέ τι παιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἀλέγουσιν,","translation":"to eat, and they care nothing for the son in the halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔδμεναι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἀγινέμεναί","gloss":"to eat"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀλέγουσιν","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλέγουσιν","gloss":"of the son","note":"παιδός refers to Telemachus — the suitors show no regard for the rightful heir."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἀλέγουσιν","lemma":"ἀλέγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they care"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b20-l215","source":"οὐδʼ ὄπιδα τρομέουσι θεῶν· μεμάασι γὰρ ἤδη","translation":"nor do they dread the gods' watching eyes; for already they are eager","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l215.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄπιδα","title":"ὄπις — divine retribution","body":"ὄπις is the gods' vengeful regard, the watchful punishment that the suitors recklessly ignore."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄπιδα","lemma":"ὄπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τρομέουσι","gloss":"watching eye","note":"ὄπις 'the retribution/watchful eye of the gods' — a moral concept, fear of divine punishment for wrongdoing."},{"surface":"τρομέουσι","lemma":"τρομέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they dread"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄπιδα","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"μεμάασι","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they are eager","note":"perfect μεμάασι (from μέμαα) 'are eager, are set on' — a perfect used with present force, common for desire-verbs."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμάασι","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b20-l216","source":"κτήματα δάσσασθαι δὴν οἰχομένοιο ἄνακτος.","translation":"to divide up the possessions of a master long gone.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δάσσασθαι","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"δάσσασθαι","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of μεμάασι","gloss":"to divide up"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰχομένοιο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"οἰχομένοιο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"gone","note":"οἰχομένοιο, genitive participle of οἴχομαι 'to be gone' — used as a virtual perfect, 'long since departed.'"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κτήματα","gloss":"of the master"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b20-l217","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ τόδε θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισι","translation":"But within my own breast my heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιδινεῖται","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιδινεῖται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"φίλοισι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"own","note":"στήθεσσι φίλοισι, literally 'dear breast' — φίλος often means 'one's own' rather than 'beloved' in Homer."}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b20-l218","source":"πόλλʼ ἐπιδινεῖται· μάλα μὲν κακὸν υἷος ἐόντος","translation":"keeps turning many things over: it is a very evil thing, while the son lives,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπιδινεῖται","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"ἐπιδινεῖται","lemma":"ἐπιδινέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps turning over","note":"ἐπιδινεῖται 'whirls around' — vivid metaphor for anxious, circling thoughts in the heart."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"υἷος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐόντος","gloss":"of the son"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"being","note":"genitive absolute υἷος ἐόντος 'while the son is (alive)' — a circumstantial clause independent of the main sentence's subject."}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b20-l219","source":"ἄλλων δῆμον ἱκέσθαι ἰόντʼ αὐτῇσι βόεσσιν,","translation":"to go off to the land of strangers, taking the cattle themselves with me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"of others"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to go to"},{"surface":"ἰόντ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"αὐτῇσι","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βόεσσιν","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"βόεσσιν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἰόντ᾽","gloss":"with the cattle"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b20-l220","source":"ἄνδρας ἐς ἀλλοδαπούς· τὸ δὲ ῥίγιον, αὖθι μένοντα","translation":"to foreign men; yet it is more chilling still to stay here","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαπούς","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ῥίγιον","lemma":"ῥῖγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more chilling","note":"ῥίγιον, comparative of ῥῖγος 'cold/shudder' — used figuratively for 'more dreadful, harder to bear.'"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένοντα","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"μένοντα","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάσχειν","gloss":"staying"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b20-l221","source":"βουσὶν ἐπʼ ἀλλοτρίῃσι καθήμενον ἄλγεα πάσχειν.","translation":"to sit here over another man's cattle and suffer such grief.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουσὶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀλλοτρίῃσι","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουσὶν","gloss":"another's"},{"surface":"καθήμενον","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πάσχειν","gloss":"sitting","note":"perfect middle participle καθήμενον 'seated' with present force, describing ongoing menial duty."},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχειν","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"πάσχειν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to suffer"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b20-l222","source":"καί κεν δὴ πάλαι ἄλλον ὑπερμενέων βασιλήων","translation":"Long ago I would have gone to some other mighty king,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"κεν with the aorist ἐξικόμην forms a past unreal/potential — 'I would have gone,' contrary to fact."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξικόμην","gloss":"long ago"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐξικόμην","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ὑπερμενέων","lemma":"ὑπερμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλήων","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"βασιλήων","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"of kings"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b20-l223","source":"ἐξικόμην φεύγων, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτὰ πέλονται·","translation":"fled to him, since these things are no longer bearable;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξικόμην","lemma":"ἐξικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fled to","note":"ἐξικόμην 'I reached, arrived at' — aorist middle of ἐξικνέομαι, paired with φεύγων 'fleeing.'"},{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξικόμην","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλονται","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἀνεκτὰ","lemma":"ἀνεκτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"bearable"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they are"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b20-l224","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι τὸν δύστηνον ὀΐομαι, εἴ ποθεν ἐλθὼν","translation":"but still I keep thinking of that unlucky man, hoping he may come from somewhere","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀΐομαι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"δύστηνον","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τὸν","gloss":"unlucky"},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I keep thinking of","note":"ὀΐομαι, present middle 'I suppose/imagine' — the hopeful, anxious speculation of a loyal servant about his lost master."},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποθεν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὼν","gloss":"from somewhere"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θείῃ","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b20-l225","source":"ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων σκέδασιν κατὰ δώματα θείῃ.","translation":"and scatter the suitors in flight throughout the halls.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies σκέδασιν","gloss":"of the men"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"σκέδασιν","lemma":"σκέδασις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θείῃ","gloss":"a scattering","note":"abstract noun σκέδασις 'scattering, dispersal' is rare, from σκεδάννυμι"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"θείῃ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"may bring about","note":"aorist subjunctive of τίθημι in a purpose/wish clause, 'may cause'"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b20-l226","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then resourceful Odysseus answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l226.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις","title":"A standing epithet","body":"πολύμητις, 'of many devices,' is Odysseus' recurring formulaic epithet. Such fixed epithet-noun pairs are a hallmark of oral hexameter style."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις 'of many wiles' is Odysseus's standard epic epithet"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"ʼὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b20-l227","source":"βουκόλʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔτε κακῷ οὔτʼ ἄφρονι φωτὶ ἔοικας,","translation":"\"Cowherd, since you seem neither a base nor a senseless man,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουκόλ","lemma":"βουκόλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"cowherd","note":"vocative address; the head noun is elided, understood as a direct address to Philoetius"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κακῷ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τ᾽","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"ἄφρονι","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies τ᾽","gloss":"senseless"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"you seem","note":"perfect ἔοικα has present force, 'you appear/seem'"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b20-l228","source":"γιγνώσκω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ τοι πινυτὴ φρένας ἵκει,","translation":"and I myself can see that good sense has reached your wits,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"I recognize"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies φρένας","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"πινυτὴ","lemma":"πινυτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"good sense","note":"πινυτή 'prudence, sound mind' personified as reaching the mind"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκει","gloss":"your wits"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"has come","note":"ἵκω 'come, reach' with present form but perfect-like sense, epic usage"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b20-l229","source":"τοὔνεκά τοι ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι·","translation":"for that reason I will speak, and swear a great oath upon it:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκά","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"for that reason"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"a great"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀμοῦμαι","gloss":"oath","note":"ἐπὶ...ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι 'swear an oath upon it' — the preposition frames the object of swearing"},{"surface":"ὀμοῦμαι","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will swear"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b20-l230","source":"ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν ξενίη τε τράπεζα","translation":"let Zeus now be my witness first of the gods, and the guest-table,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let know","note":"perfect imperative ἴστω of οἶδα, formulaic oath-opening 'let Zeus be witness'"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴστω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴστω","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἴστω","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ξενίη","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τράπεζα","gloss":"hospitable","note":"ξένιος 'of hospitality/guest-right', the table sworn by as guardian of xenia"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τράπεζα","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b20-l231","source":"ἱστίη τʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ἣν ἀφικάνω,","translation":"and the hearth of blameless Odysseus, to which I have come:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστίη","lemma":"ἑστία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hearth"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱστίη","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀφικάνω","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἀφικάνω","lemma":"ἀφικάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἱστίη","gloss":"I have come to","note":"present ἀφικάνω with perfect force, 'I have arrived at'"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b20-l232","source":"ἦ σέθεν ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντος ἐλεύσεται οἴκαδʼ Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"truly, while you are still here, Odysseus will come home.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐόντος","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντος","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"being","note":"genitive absolute-like construction 'while you are here'"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἴστω","gloss":"will come"},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεται","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b20-l233","source":"σοῖσιν δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἐπόψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα,","translation":"With your own eyes you will see, if you wish,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοῖσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","gloss":"with your own"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπόψεαι","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ἐπόψεαι","lemma":"ἐφοράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will see","note":"future middle of ἐφοράω 'look upon, witness'"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you wish"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b20-l234","source":"κτεινομένους μνηστῆρας, οἳ ἐνθάδε κοιρανέουσιν.","translation":"the suitors slain, who lord it over this house.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτεινομένους","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being slain","note":"present passive participle used proleptically, 'the suitors [in the act of] being slain'"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπόψεαι","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κοιρανέουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιρανέουσιν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κοιρανέουσιν","lemma":"κοιρανέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστῆρας","gloss":"lord it over"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b20-l235","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε βοῶν ἐπιβουκόλος ἀνήρ·","translation":"Then the man who herded the cattle answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἐπιβουκόλος","gloss":"of cattle"},{"surface":"ἐπιβουκόλος","lemma":"ἐπιβουκόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"herdsman","note":"ἐπιβουκόλος 'one who tends cattle', unique compound describing Philoetius"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"the man"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b20-l236","source":"αἲ γὰρ τοῦτο, ξεῖνε, ἔπος τελέσειε Κρονίων·","translation":"\"Stranger, if only the son of Cronos would fulfill that word,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"oh that","note":"exclamatory αἴ introducing an optative wish, 'if only'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τελέσειε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τελέσειε","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fulfill","note":"aorist optative expressing a wish, 'may he bring to pass'"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσειε","gloss":"son of Cronos","note":"Κρονίων, patronymic epithet for Zeus"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b20-l237","source":"γνοίης χʼ οἵη ἐμὴ δύναμις καὶ χεῖρες ἕπονται.","translation":"you would learn what my strength is and what these hands can do.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνοίης","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would learn","note":"aorist optative with ἄν, potential 'you would come to know'"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"οἵη","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what sort"},{"surface":"ἐμὴ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δύναμις","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δύναμις","lemma":"δύναμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕπονται","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἕπονται","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object","gloss":"follow","note":"ἕπονται idiomatically 'these hands can do/keep up', i.e. what they're capable of"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b20-l238","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως Εὔμαιος ἐπεύξατο πᾶσι θεοῖσι","translation":"And in the same way Eumaeus prayed to all the gods","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"likewise"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιος","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἐπεύξατο","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"the gods"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b20-l239","source":"νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε.","translation":"that wise Odysseus might return to his own home.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστῆσαι","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπεύξατο","gloss":"to return"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νοστῆσαι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πολύφρονα","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"wise","note":"πολύφρων 'much-minded', an epithet marking Odysseus's cunning intellect"},{"surface":"ὅνδε","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμονδε","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"δόμονδε","lemma":"δόμονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστῆσαι","gloss":"homeward"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b20-l240","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were saying"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b20-l241","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ἄρα Τηλεμάχῳ θάνατόν τε μόρον τε","translation":"while the suitors were contriving death and doom for Telemachus;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤρτυον","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤρτυον","gloss":"for Telemachus"},{"surface":"θάνατόν","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"doom","note":"θάνατόν...μόρον, near-synonym doubling for grim emphasis, epic formula"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b20-l242","source":"ἤρτυον· αὐτὰρ ὁ τοῖσιν ἀριστερὸς ἤλυθεν ὄρνις,","translation":"but a bird came to them on the left, an omen:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤρτυον","lemma":"ἀρτύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were contriving"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὄρνις","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὸς","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄρνις","gloss":"on the left","note":"a left-side omen was inauspicious in Greek augury, foreshadowing the suitors' doom"},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ὄρνις","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"a bird"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b20-l243","source":"αἰετὸς ὑψιπέτης, ἔχε δὲ τρήρωνα πέλειαν.","translation":"a high-flying eagle, and it held a trembling dove.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰετὸς","lemma":"ἀετός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"an eagle"},{"surface":"ὑψιπέτης","lemma":"ὑψιπέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰετὸς","gloss":"high-flying"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρήρωνα","lemma":"τρήρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέλειαν","gloss":"trembling","note":"τρήρωνα 'timid, fluttering', a stock epithet for doves"},{"surface":"πέλειαν","lemma":"πέλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"a dove"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b20-l244","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀμφίνομος ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"Then Amphinomus spoke before them and addressed them:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"before them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίνομος","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Amphinomus"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b20-l245","source":"ὦ φίλοι, οὐχ ἡμῖν συνθεύσεται ἥδε γε βουλή,","translation":"\"My friends, this plan of ours will not run to its end for us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of συνθεύσεται","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"συνθεύσεται","lemma":"συνθέω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will run its course","note":"συνθεύσεται 'will run along/succeed', vivid metaphor of a plan racing to completion"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies βουλή","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b20-l246","source":"Τηλεμάχοιο φόνος· ἀλλὰ μνησώμεθα δαιτός.","translation":"the killing of Telemachus; let us turn our minds to the feast instead.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φόνος","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"φόνος","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the killing"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μνησώμεθα","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us remember","note":"aorist middle subjunctive of μιμνήσκω, hortatory 'let us turn our thoughts to'"},{"surface":"δαιτός","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνησώμεθα","gloss":"the feast"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b20-l247","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀμφίνομος, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπιήνδανε μῦθος.","translation":"So spoke Amphinomus, and his words pleased them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίνομος","lemma":"Ἀμφίνομος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"Amphinomus"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιήνδανε","lemma":"ἐφανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"the speech"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b20-l248","source":"ἐλθόντες δʼ ἐς δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο","translation":"Going into the halls of godlike Odysseus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέθεντο","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεῖος 'divine', a standard heroic epithet applied to Odysseus"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b20-l249","source":"χλαίνας μὲν κατέθεντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε,","translation":"they laid down their cloaks upon the couches and the chairs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χλαίνας","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατέθεντο","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατέθεντο","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they laid down"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κλισμούς","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"couches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρόνους","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b20-l250","source":"οἱ δʼ ἱέρευον ὄϊς μεγάλους καὶ πίονας αἶγας,","translation":"and they sacrificed great sheep and fat goats,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱέρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱέρευον","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacrificed"},{"surface":"ὄϊς","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"μεγάλους","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄϊς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίονας","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b20-l251","source":"ἵρευον δὲ σύας σιάλους καὶ βοῦν ἀγελαίην·","translation":"they slaughtered fattened pigs and a heifer of the herd;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵρευον","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they slaughtered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύας","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"pigs"},{"surface":"σιάλους","lemma":"σίαλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies σύας","gloss":"fattened"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a cow"},{"surface":"ἀγελαίην","lemma":"ἀγελαῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"of the herd"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b20-l252","source":"σπλάγχνα δʼ ἄρʼ ὀπτήσαντες ἐνώμων, ἐν δέ τε οἶνον","translation":"and roasting the inner parts they shared them out, and in the bowls","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπλάγχνα","lemma":"σπλάγχνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνώμων","gloss":"the inner parts","note":"σπλάγχνα, ritually the innards roasted and shared first among the sacrificers"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὀπτήσαντες","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμων","gloss":"roasting"},{"surface":"ἐνώμων","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they distributed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κερόωντο","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b20-l253","source":"κρητῆρσιν κερόωντο· κύπελλα δὲ νεῖμε συβώτης.","translation":"they mixed the wine; and the swineherd handed round the cups.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρητῆρσιν","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in mixing-bowls","note":"Locative dative without ἐν — common epic omission of the preposition."},{"surface":"κερόωντο","lemma":"κεράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they mixed"},{"surface":"κύπελλα","lemma":"κύπελλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νεῖμε","gloss":"cups"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεῖμε","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"handed round","note":"νέμω 'distribute' gives the everyday sense of passing out cups at a meal."},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νεῖμε","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b20-l254","source":"σῖτον δέ σφʼ ἐπένειμε Φιλοίτιος, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"Philoetius, leader of men, dealt out the bread to them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπένειμε","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπένειμε","gloss":"to them","note":"Enclitic σφι/σφ' 3rd-person plural pronoun, very common in Homer for 'them/to them'."},{"surface":"ἐπένειμε","lemma":"ἐπινέμω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dealt out"},{"surface":"Φιλοίτιος","lemma":"Φιλοίτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Philoetius"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμος","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"leader","note":"ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν 'leader of men' is a stock epic epithet phrase for a respected retainer."},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b20-l255","source":"καλοῖς ἐν κανέοισιν, ἐῳνοχόει δὲ Μελανθεύς.","translation":"in fine baskets, and Melanthius poured the wine.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλοῖς","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κανέοισιν","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κανέοισιν","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"baskets"},{"surface":"ἐῳνοχόει","lemma":"οἰνοχοέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured wine","note":"Augment ἐ- plus ancient contraction οἰνοχοέω → ἐῳνοχόει, an unusual-looking epic imperfect."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μελανθεύς","lemma":"Μελανθεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐῳνοχόει","gloss":"Melanthius"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b20-l256","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.","translation":"And they reached out their hands to the good things laid ready before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l256.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἴαλλον","title":"Imperfect of repeated action","body":"ἴαλλον is imperfect, 'kept stretching out,' picturing the ongoing motion of the feasters reaching for food. The imperfect suits a customary, drawn-out scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"ἐπί here governs 'the good things' — reaching hands 'onto' the food."},{"surface":"ὀνείαθ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"good things"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"προκείμενα","lemma":"πρόκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"lying before them"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached out","note":"Formulaic line ending a feast scene: hands go to the food set ready."}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b20-l257","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ Ὀδυσῆα καθίδρυε, κέρδεα νωμῶν,","translation":"But Telemachus, plying his cunning, seated Odysseus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καθίδρυε","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθίδρυε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"καθίδρυε","lemma":"καθιδρύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"κέρδεα","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νωμῶν","gloss":"cunning tricks","note":"κέρδεα 'cunning schemes' — object of the participle νωμῶν, showing Telemachus deliberately staging Odysseus's disguise."},{"surface":"νωμῶν","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθίδρυε","gloss":"plying"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b20-l258","source":"ἐντὸς ἐϋσταθέος μεγάρου, παρὰ λάϊνον οὐδόν,","translation":"inside the well-built hall, beside the stone threshold,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντὸς","lemma":"ἐντός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἐϋσταθέος","lemma":"εὐσταθής","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάρου","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"μεγάρου","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐντὸς","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"λάϊνον","lemma":"λάινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδόν","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"οὐδόν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"threshold","note":"The stone threshold is a marked, humble spot — foreshadowing Odysseus's low seat among the suitors."}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b20-l259","source":"δίφρον ἀεικέλιον καταθεὶς ὀλίγην τε τράπεζαν·","translation":"setting down a shabby stool and a small table for him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"stool"},{"surface":"ἀεικέλιον","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρον","gloss":"shabby","note":"ἀεικέλιος 'unseemly, shabby' — deliberately lowly furniture marking Odysseus's beggar disguise."},{"surface":"καταθεὶς","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθίδρυε","gloss":"setting down"},{"surface":"ὀλίγην","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τράπεζαν","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τράπεζαν","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b20-l260","source":"πὰρ δʼ ἐτίθει σπλάγχνων μοίρας, ἐν δʼ οἶνον ἔχευεν","translation":"he set beside him portions of the inner meat, and poured wine for him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside","note":"πάρ...ἐτίθει is a tmesis: preposition split from its verb τίθημι, typical of epic diction."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"σπλάγχνων","lemma":"σπλάγχνον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies μοίρας","gloss":"of entrails"},{"surface":"μοίρας","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"portions"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in","note":"Second tmesis in the line: ἐν...ἔχευεν 'poured in', preposition and verb separated."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἔχευεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b20-l261","source":"ἐν δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ, καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"in a golden cup, and spoke a word to him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέπαϊ","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"χρυσέῳ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπαϊ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"μῦθον...ἔειπεν, a Homeric formula for beginning direct speech."}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b20-l262","source":"ἐνταυθοῖ νῦν ἧσο μετʼ ἀνδράσιν οἰνοποτάζων·","translation":"\"Sit here now among the men and drink your wine.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνταυθοῖ","lemma":"ἐνταυθοῖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσο","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧσο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἧσο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit","note":"Perfect middle imperative ἧσο 'be seated' from ἧμαι, used as a simple present command in Homer."},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"οἰνοποτάζων","lemma":"οἰνοποτάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧσο","gloss":"drinking wine"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b20-l263","source":"κερτομίας δέ τοι αὐτὸς ἐγὼ καὶ χεῖρας ἀφέξω","translation":"I myself will ward off from you the taunts and hands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κερτομίας","lemma":"κερτομία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"taunts"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀφέξω","gloss":"from you"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀφέξω","gloss":"I","note":"αὐτὸς ἐγὼ doubles up emphasis — Telemachus stressing his own personal protection of the stranger."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀφέξω","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will ward off"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b20-l264","source":"πάντων μνηστήρων, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι δήμιός ἐστιν","translation":"of all the suitors, since this is no common house","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστήρων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δήμιός","lemma":"δήμιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"common","note":"δήμιος 'belonging to the people/public' — Telemachus asserts this is a private house, not communal property the suitors can freely plunder."},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b20-l265","source":"οἶκος ὅδʼ, ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσῆος, ἐμοὶ δʼ ἐκτήσατο κεῖνος.","translation":"but the house of Odysseus, and he won it for me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκος","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἶκος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Odysseus's"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκτήσατο","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκτήσατο","lemma":"κτάομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"won","note":"κτάομαι middle voice 'acquire for oneself' — stresses Odysseus earned the estate that passes to his son."},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐκτήσατο","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b20-l266","source":"ὑμεῖς δέ, μνηστῆρες, ἐπίσχετε θυμὸν ἐνιπῆς","translation":"And you, suitors, hold back your hearts from abuse","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπίσχετε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors","note":"Vocative address, direct rebuke opening Telemachus's warning."},{"surface":"ἐπίσχετε","lemma":"ἐπίσχω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπίσχετε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνιπῆς","lemma":"ἐνιπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"from abuse"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b20-l267","source":"καὶ χειρῶν, ἵνα μή τις ἔρις καὶ νεῖκος ὄρηται.","translation":"and from blows, so that no quarrel or strife may arise.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"from blows"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔρις","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἔρις","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ὄρηται","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may arise","note":"Aorist subjunctive after ἵνα μή — purpose clause warning against future strife."}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b20-l268","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι\n                  φύντες","translation":"So he spoke, and they all bit their lips with their teeth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l268.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες","title":"Biting the lips","body":"Literally 'fastening their teeth in their lips,' a vivid idiom for suppressed anger. The suitors are astonished and resentful but say nothing."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θαύμαζον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὀδὰξ","lemma":"ὀδάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φύντες","gloss":"with teeth","note":"ὀδάξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες 'having grown/set [their teeth] in their lips' — a vivid Homeric idiom for biting one's lip in stunned silence."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείλεσι","lemma":"χεῖλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"lips"},{"surface":"φύντες","lemma":"φύς","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θαύμαζον","gloss":"having set"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b20-l269","source":"Τηλέμαχον θαύμαζον, ὃ θαρσαλέως ἀγόρευε.","translation":"and marveled at Telemachus, that he spoke so boldly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"θαύμαζον","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled at"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"θαρσαλέως","lemma":"θαρσαλέος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευε","gloss":"boldly"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευε","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὃ","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b20-l270","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντίνοος μετέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός·","translation":"Then Antinous, son of Eupeithes, spoke among them:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθεος","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eupeithes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b20-l271","source":"καὶ χαλεπόν περ ἐόντα δεχώμεθα μῦθον,\n                     Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"\"Hard though it is, let us accept the word, Achaeans,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even","note":"Concessive καὶ...περ 'even though' bracketing χαλεπόν ἐόντα, standard Homeric concessive construction."},{"surface":"χαλεπόν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"δεχώμεθα","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us accept"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δεχώμεθα","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b20-l272","source":"Τηλεμάχου· μάλα δʼ ἧμιν ἀπειλήσας ἀγορεύει.","translation":"of Telemachus; he speaks to us with strong threats.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχου","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπειλήσας","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἧμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπειλήσας","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"ἀπειλήσας","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύει","gloss":"having threatened"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύει","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he speaks"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b20-l273","source":"οὐ γὰρ Ζεὺς εἴασε Κρονίων· τῷ κέ μιν ἤδη","translation":"Zeus, son of Cronos, did not allow it; otherwise by now","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴασε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"εἴασε","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"allowed"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"son of Cronos","note":"Patronymic epithet Κρονίων for Zeus, common formulaic naming."},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παύσαμεν","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"Modal particle κε with the aorist expresses unreal past ('would have') — a contrary-to-fact conditional."},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παύσαμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παύσαμεν","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b20-l274","source":"παύσαμεν ἐν μεγάροισι, λιγύν περ ἐόντʼ ἀγορητήν.","translation":"we would have silenced him in the halls, clear-voiced speaker though he is.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παύσαμεν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would have silenced"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"λιγύν","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορητήν","gloss":"clear-voiced"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μιν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀγορητήν","lemma":"ἀγορητής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"speaker","note":"λιγὺς ἀγορητής 'clear-voiced speaker' is a formulaic compliment even amid Antinous's grudging concession."}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b20-l275","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀντίνοος· ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ οὐκ ἐμπάζετο μύθων.","translation":"So spoke Antinous, but Telemachus paid no heed to his words.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμπάζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐμπάζετο","lemma":"ἐμπάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"paid heed","note":"ἐμπάζομαι 'take notice of, care about' — Telemachus pointedly ignores Antinous's words."},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμπάζετο","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b20-l276","source":"κήρυκες δʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ θεῶν ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην","translation":"Meanwhile the heralds were leading a holy hecatomb for the gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦγον","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"ἱερὴν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβην","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἦγον","gloss":"hecatomb","note":"ἑκατόμβη literally 'hundred oxen' — a grand ritual sacrifice, though the count was often symbolic by Homer's time."}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b20-l277","source":"ἦγον· τοὶ δʼ ἀγέροντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"up through the town; and the long-haired Achaeans gathered","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were leading"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγέροντο","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κομόωντες","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"κομόωντες","lemma":"κομάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"long-haired","note":"κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί 'long-haired Achaeans' — a standard Homeric epithet formula for the Greek warriors."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b20-l278","source":"ἄλσος ὕπο σκιερὸν ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος.","translation":"under the shady grove of far-shooting Apollo.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλσος","lemma":"ἄλσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὕπο","gloss":"grove"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"σκιερὸν","lemma":"σκιερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλσος","gloss":"shady"},{"surface":"ἑκατηβόλου","lemma":"ἑκατηβόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"far-shooting","note":"ἑκατηβόλος 'far-shooting/far-darting' is Apollo's stock epithet, referring to his bow."},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλσος","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b20-l279","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤπτησαν κρέʼ ὑπέρτερα καὶ ἐρύσαντο,","translation":"When they had roasted the outer flesh and drawn it off,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"function word","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὤπτησαν","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"roasted"},{"surface":"κρέ","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"ὑπέρτερα","lemma":"ὑπέρτερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέ᾽","gloss":"outer"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"drew off","note":"ἐρύω middle 'draw off/pull out' — removing the spits from the fire, standard sacrificial-meal sequence."}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b20-l280","source":"μοίρας δασσάμενοι δαίνυντʼ ἐρικυδέα δαῖτα·","translation":"they divided the portions and feasted on the glorious feast;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοίρας","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δασσάμενοι","gloss":"portions"},{"surface":"δασσάμενοι","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"having divided"},{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feasted"},{"surface":"ἐρικυδέα","lemma":"ἐρικυδής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"feast","note":"ἐρικυδέα δαῖτα 'glorious feast' closes the sacrificial banquet scene, a common formulaic line-ending."}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b20-l281","source":"πὰρ δʼ ἄρʼ Ὀδυσσῆϊ μοῖραν θέσαν οἳ πονέοντο","translation":"and beside Odysseus those who served set down a portion","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πὰρ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέσαν","gloss":"portion","note":"μοῖρα = allotted share of the feast, lit. 'fate/lot'"},{"surface":"θέσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πονέοντο","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"πονέοντο","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of θέσαν","gloss":"served","note":"πονέοντο mid.-pass. of πονέω, 'labored/toiled' → here of servants at the meal"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b20-l282","source":"ἴσην, ὡς αὐτοί περ ἐλάγχανον· ὣς γὰρ ἀνώγει","translation":"equal to their own share; for so had he commanded,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖραν","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλάγχανον","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐλάγχανον","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to θέσαν","gloss":"were getting","note":"λαγχάνω = 'obtain by lot/portion', root of κλῆρος-type sharing customs"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had commanded","note":"ἄνωγα is a perfect with present force, 'I command' — common epic defective verb"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b20-l283","source":"Τηλέμαχος, φίλος υἱὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο.","translation":"Telemachus, the dear son of godlike Odysseus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεῖος 'divine' as a stock epithet for heroes like Odysseus"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b20-l284","source":"μνηστῆρας δʼ οὐ πάμπαν ἀγήνορας εἴα Ἀθήνη","translation":"But Athena did not at all let the arrogant suitors","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴσχεσθαι","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴσχεσθαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορας","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"arrogant","note":"ἀγήνωρ 'manly/overbearing', a formulaic negative trait-word for the suitors"},{"surface":"εἴα","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was letting"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἴα","gloss":"Athena","note":"goddess acting invisibly to protect Odysseus/Telemachus at the feast"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b20-l285","source":"λώβης ἴσχεσθαι θυμαλγέος, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον","translation":"hold back from heart-galling abuse, so that still more","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λώβης","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἴσχεσθαι","gloss":"abuse"},{"surface":"ἴσχεσθαι","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of εἴα","gloss":"hold back from","note":"ἴσχεσθαι + genitive λώβης, 'restrain oneself from' — mediopassive infinitive object of εἴα"},{"surface":"θυμαλγέος","lemma":"θυμαλγής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λώβης","gloss":"heart-galling"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύη","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b20-l286","source":"δύη ἄχος κραδίην Λαερτιάδην Ὀδυσῆα.","translation":"the pain might sink into the heart of Odysseus, son of Laertes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύη","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"might sink in","note":"aorist optative of δύω 'enter/sink into', expressing purpose after ὄφρα"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δύη","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"κραδίην","lemma":"κραδίας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δύη","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδην","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"son of Laertes","note":"patronymic epithet formula for Odysseus, fills the line's end"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δύη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b20-l287","source":"ἦν δέ τις ἐν μνηστῆρσιν ἀνὴρ ἀθεμίστια εἰδώς,","translation":"Now there was among the suitors a man who knew lawless ways,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἀθεμίστια","lemma":"ἀθεμίστιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"lawless things"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"knowing","note":"perfect participle of οἶδα with present sense, 'knowing/skilled in'"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b20-l288","source":"Κτήσιππος δʼ ὄνομʼ ἔσκε, Σάμῃ δʼ ἐνὶ οἰκία ναῖεν·","translation":"Ctesippus was his name, and he had his home in Same;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κτήσιππος","lemma":"Κτήσιππος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Ctesippus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄνομ","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"as a name","note":"accusative of respect: 'by name'"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Σάμῃ","lemma":"Σάμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"in Same","note":"Same/Samē, one of the islands of Odysseus's kingdom, modern Kefalonia"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναῖεν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ναῖεν","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dwelt"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b20-l289","source":"ὃς δή τοι κτεάτεσσι πεποιθὼς θεσπεσίοισι","translation":"trusting in his prodigious wealth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μνάσκετ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"κτεάτεσσι","lemma":"κτέαρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πεποιθὼς","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"πεποιθὼς","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μνάσκετ᾽","gloss":"trusting","note":"perfect participle of πείθω mid., 'having been persuaded/relying on' + dative"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίοισι","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτεάτεσσι","gloss":"prodigious"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b20-l290","source":"μνάσκετʼ Ὀδυσσῆος δὴν οἰχομένοιο δάμαρτα.","translation":"he was wooing the wife of Odysseus, long gone away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνάσκετ","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was wooing","note":"μνάομαι, root of μνηστήρ 'suitor' — same verb the noun is built from"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δάμαρτα","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰχομένοιο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"οἰχομένοιο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"being gone"},{"surface":"δάμαρτα","lemma":"δάμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνάσκετ᾽","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b20-l291","source":"ὅς ῥα τότε μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισι μετηύδα·","translation":"He then spoke among the overweening suitors:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μετηύδα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"at that time"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισι","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"overweening"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among","note":"μεταυδάω 'speak among/address', epic compound used to introduce direct speech"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b20-l292","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες, ὄφρα τι\n                     εἴπω·","translation":"\"Hear me, proud suitors, so that I may say something.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear!","note":"aorist imperative κλύω, formulaic speech-opener 'hear me'"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορες","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"proud"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may say"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b20-l293","source":"μοῖραν μὲν δὴ ξεῖνος ἔχει πάλαι, ὡς ἐπέοικεν,","translation":"The stranger has long had his portion, as is fitting,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"portion"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"long since"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἐπέοικεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐπέοικεν","lemma":"ἐπέοικε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"is fitting","note":"ἐπέοικε, perfect with present sense 'it is fitting/seemly'"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b20-l294","source":"ἴσην· οὐ γὰρ καλὸν ἀτέμβειν οὐδὲ δίκαιον","translation":"an equal one; for it is neither good nor just","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l294.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀτέμβειν","title":"Infinitive as subject","body":"The infinitive ἀτέμβειν ('to cheat, slight') functions as the subject of 'is not good nor just.' Greek freely uses the infinitive as a verbal noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσην","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖραν","gloss":"equal"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good","note":"predicate adjective with the infinitive as its subject: 'to slight... is not good'"},{"surface":"ἀτέμβειν","lemma":"ἀτέμβω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to slight"},{"surface":"δίκαιον","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b20-l295","source":"ξείνους Τηλεμάχου, ὅς κεν τάδε δώμαθʼ ἵκηται.","translation":"to slight the guests of Telemachus, whoever comes to this house.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτέμβειν","gloss":"guests"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχου","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ξείνους","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indefinite marker)"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξείνους","gloss":"comes","note":"subjunctive + κεν/ἄν gives an indefinite 'whoever comes' relative clause"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b20-l296","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε οἱ καὶ ἐγὼ δῶ ξείνιον, ὄφρα καὶ αὐτὸς","translation":"But come, I too will give him a guest-gift, so that he in turn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶ","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δῶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let me give","note":"δῶ hortatory aorist subjunctive, 'let me give'"},{"surface":"ξείνιον","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of δῶ","gloss":"guest-gift","note":"ξείνιον 'guest-gift', the token of xenia hospitality due to visitors"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b20-l297","source":"ἠὲ λοετροχόῳ δώῃ γέρας ἠέ τῳ ἄλλῳ","translation":"may give a present to the bath-woman, or to some other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"λοετροχόῳ","lemma":"λουτροχόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἠέ","gloss":"to bath-woman","note":"λοετροχόος, 'bath-pourer', the servant who tended guests' baths"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may give"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"gift"},{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τῳ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἠέ","gloss":"to some"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τῳ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b20-l298","source":"δμώων, οἳ κατὰ δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο.","translation":"of the servants who are in the house of godlike Odysseus.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμῶος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τῳ","gloss":"of servants","note":"δμῶος, 'household slave/servant', bound labor in Odysseus's house"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b20-l299","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἔρριψε βοὸς πόδα χειρὶ παχείῃ.","translation":"So saying, he hurled an ox's foot with his strong hand,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρριψε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔρριψε","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular noun","role":"modifies πόδα","gloss":"of an ox"},{"surface":"πόδα","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρριψε","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔρριψε","gloss":"with hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"strong"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b20-l300","source":"κείμενον ἐκ κανέοιο λαβών· ὁ δʼ ἀλεύατʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"taking it where it lay in the basket; but Odysseus dodged it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"lying"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κανέοιο","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"basket"},{"surface":"λαβών","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλεύατ","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dodged","note":"ἀλέομαι 'avoid/dodge', repeated at l305 to underscore Odysseus's cool reflexes"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b20-l301","source":"ἦκα παρακλίνας κεφαλήν, μείδησε δὲ θυμῷ","translation":"tilting his head slightly aside, and he smiled in his heart","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦκα","lemma":"ἦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρακλίνας","gloss":"slightly"},{"surface":"παρακλίνας","lemma":"παρακλίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλεύατ᾽","gloss":"tilting aside"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρακλίνας","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"μείδησε","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μείδησε","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b20-l302","source":"σαρδάνιον μάλα τοῖον· ὁ δʼ εὔδμητον βάλε τοῖχον.","translation":"a most bitter, sardonic smile; and it struck the well-built wall.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σαρδάνιον","title":"A sardonic smile","body":"σαρδάνιον describes a grim, mocking smile of suppressed rage. This is the origin of the English word 'sardonic.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"σαρδάνιον","lemma":"σαρδάνιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μείδησε","gloss":"sardonic","note":"σαρδάνιος, origin of English 'sardonic' — a bitter, mirthless smile"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μείδησε","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"the foot","note":"pronoun ὁ referring back to βοὸς πόδα, the thrown ox-foot, now subject of βάλε"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔδμητον","lemma":"εὔδμητος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῖχον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"τοῖχον","lemma":"τοῖχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"wall"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b20-l303","source":"Κτήσιππον δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχος ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ·","translation":"Then Telemachus rebuked Ctesippus with words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κτήσιππον","lemma":"Κτήσιππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"Ctesippus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἠνίπαπε","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠνίπαπε","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b20-l304","source":"Κτήσιππʼ, ἦ μάλα τοι τόδε κέρδιον ἔπλετο\n                     θυμῷ·","translation":"\"Ctesippus, truly it was better for your spirit this way:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κτήσιππ","lemma":"Κτήσιππος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Ctesippus"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔπλετο","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"κερδίων, comparative of κέρδος 'gain' — 'more profitable/better' outcome"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned out"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπλετο","gloss":"in spirit"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b20-l305","source":"οὐκ ἔβαλες τὸν ξεῖνον· ἀλεύατο γὰρ βέλος αὐτός.","translation":"you did not hit the stranger, for he dodged the missile himself.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔβαλες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you hit"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔβαλες","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἀλεύατο","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he dodged","note":"same verb ἀλέομαι as l300, echoing Odysseus's earlier dodge"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλεύατο","gloss":"missile"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b20-l306","source":"ἦ γάρ κέν σε μέσον βάλον ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι,","translation":"Otherwise I would have struck you through the middle with my sharp spear,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"κέν + past indicative = unreal past conditional, 'I would have struck you'"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of βάλον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"through the middle"},{"surface":"βάλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλον","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"ὀξυόεντι","lemma":"ὀξυόεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεϊ","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b20-l307","source":"καί κέ τοι ἀντὶ γάμοιο πατὴρ τάφον ἀμφεπονεῖτο","translation":"and instead of a wedding your father would have busied himself with a funeral","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφεπονεῖτο","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἀντὶ","lemma":"ἀντί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"instead of"},{"surface":"γάμοιο","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀντὶ","gloss":"wedding"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφεπονεῖτο","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τάφον","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφεπονεῖτο","gloss":"funeral"},{"surface":"ἀμφεπονεῖτο","lemma":"ἀμφιπονέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"been busy with","note":"grimly ironic threat: father would plan a funeral, not a wedding"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b20-l308","source":"ἐνθάδε. τῷ μή τίς μοι ἀεικείας ἐνὶ οἴκῳ","translation":"here. So let no one display unseemly conduct in my house;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμφεπονεῖτο","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαινέτω","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φαινέτω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"my","note":"dative μοι of interest/possession attaching to 'my house'"},{"surface":"ἀεικείας","lemma":"ἀεικία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φαινέτω","gloss":"unseemly acts"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b20-l309","source":"φαινέτω· ἤδη γὰρ νοέω καὶ οἶδα ἕκαστα,","translation":"for now I understand and know each thing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαινέτω","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let (him) display","note":"3rd-sg imperative continuing from the previous line: its subject is τίς 'anyone' and object ἀεικείας, so μή τις ... φαινέτω = 'let no one display unseemly acts.'"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νοέω","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I understand"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know","note":"οἶδα is perfect in form but present in meaning: 'I have come to know' = 'I know'."},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"each thing"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b20-l310","source":"ἐσθλά τε καὶ τὰ χέρηα· πάρος δʼ ἔτι νήπιος ἦα.","translation":"both the good and the worse; before this I was still a child.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλά","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the good things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies χέρηα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"χέρηα","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"worse things","note":"χερείων is a comparative 'worse/inferior', substantivized here as 'the worse (things)'."},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦα","gloss":"before, formerly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a child"},{"surface":"ἦα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was","note":"ἦα is the epic/Ionic 1st-sg imperfect of εἰμί, alongside ἦν."}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b20-l311","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔμπης τάδε μὲν καὶ τέτλαμεν εἰσορόωντες,","translation":"But even so we endure to look upon these things,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τέτλαμεν","title":"Perfect with present force","body":"τέτλαμεν is a perfect from the root of τλάω ('endure') but carries a present sense, 'we endure.' Such perfects of state are common in Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέτλαμεν","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of τέτλαμεν","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τέτλαμεν","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we have endured","note":"τέτλαμεν, perfect of τλάω, keeps present force: 'we endure/have borne'."},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντες","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τέτλαμεν","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b20-l312","source":"μήλων σφαζομένων οἴνοιό τε πινομένοιο","translation":"the sheep being slaughtered and the wine drunk","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"subject of σφαζομένων","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"σφαζομένων","lemma":"σφάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural neuter","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"being slaughtered","note":"genitive absolute construction with μήλων: 'while the sheep were being slaughtered'."},{"surface":"οἴνοιό","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"of wine"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πινομένοιο","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"being drunk"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b20-l313","source":"καὶ σίτου· χαλεπὸν γὰρ ἐρυκακέειν ἕνα πολλούς.","translation":"and the bread consumed; for it is hard for one man to restrain many.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"of bread, grain"},{"surface":"χαλεπὸν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hard, difficult"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐρυκακέειν","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to restrain","note":"epexegetic infinitive explaining what is χαλεπόν, 'hard.'"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρυκακέειν","gloss":"one man"},{"surface":"πολλούς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρυκακέειν","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b20-l314","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μηκέτι μοι κακὰ ῥέζετε δυσμενέοντες·","translation":"But come, do me no more harm in your hostility.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"μηκέτι","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέζετε","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥέζετε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζετε","gloss":"harm, evils"},{"surface":"ῥέζετε","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do, work"},{"surface":"δυσμενέοντες","lemma":"δυσμενέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥέζετε","gloss":"being hostile","note":"δυσμενέων 'bearing ill will' — a rare compound participle describing the suitors' hostility."}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b20-l315","source":"εἰ δʼ ἤδη μʼ αὐτὸν κτεῖναι μενεαίνετε χαλκῷ,","translation":"And if you are now eager to kill me myself with the bronze,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μενεαίνετε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτεῖναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μ᾽","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"κτεῖναι","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνετε","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"μενεαίνετε","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are eager","note":"μενεαίνω, 'to strain/be eager for,' governs the infinitive κτεῖναι."},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κτεῖναι","gloss":"with bronze","note":"χαλκός, 'bronze,' stands metonymically for a sword/weapon, common epic usage."}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b20-l316","source":"καί κε τὸ βουλοίμην, καί κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη","translation":"even that I would choose, and it would be far better","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential particle]","note":"κε(ν) marks the optative as potential: 'I would wish.'"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of βουλοίμην","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"βουλοίμην","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would wish"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential particle]"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"much, far"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more profitable"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be","note":"εἴη is optative of εἰμί; morphology field mislabels it imperfect indicative — gloss follows the actual optative sense in the translation."}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b20-l317","source":"τεθνάμεν ἢ τάδε γʼ αἰὲν ἀεικέα ἔργʼ ὁράασθαι,","translation":"to be dead than forever to look on these shameful deeds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεθνάμεν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"to be dead","note":"τεθνάμεν, perfect infinitive of θνήσκω, expresses the resulting state 'to be dead' rather than 'to die.'"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργ᾽","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁράασθαι","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργ᾽","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"ὁράασθαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"to look upon"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b20-l318","source":"ξείνους τε στυφελιζομένους δμῳάς τε γυναῖκας","translation":"guests being abused, and the serving-women","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of στυφελιζομένους","gloss":"guests, strangers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στυφελιζομένους","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of τε","gloss":"being abused, struck"},{"surface":"δμῳάς","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"slave women"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ῥυστάζοντας","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b20-l319","source":"ῥυστάζοντας ἀεικελίως κατὰ δώματα καλά.","translation":"dragged about disgracefully through the fair halls.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥυστάζοντας","lemma":"ῥυστάζω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of τε","gloss":"dragged about","note":"ῥυστάζω, a vivid iterative verb of rough manhandling, underscores the suitors' abuse of the household."},{"surface":"ἀεικελίως","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥυστάζοντας","gloss":"disgracefully"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"halls, house"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"fair, fine"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b20-l320","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ·","translation":"So he spoke, and they all fell silent, hushed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"silently","note":"ἀκήν is an old adverbial accusative, 'in silence,' paired with dative σιωπῇ for emphasis — a common Homeric doubling."},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became, fell"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b20-l321","source":"ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε Δαμαστορίδης Ἀγέλαος·","translation":"At last Agelaus, son of Damastor, spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέειπε","gloss":"late, at last"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among them"},{"surface":"Δαμαστορίδης","lemma":"Δαμαστορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγέλαος","gloss":"son of Damastor","note":"patronymic epithet formed with -ίδης, standard epic way to identify a hero by his father."},{"surface":"Ἀγέλαος","lemma":"Ἀγέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Agelaus"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b20-l322","source":"ὦ φίλοι, οὐκ ἂν δή τις ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ","translation":"\"My friends, surely no one should take offense at a just saying","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential particle]"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαλεπαίνοι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ῥηθέντι","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"aorist passive participle, dative singular neuter","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"having been said","note":"ῥηθέντι, aorist passive participle of εἴρω/ἐρῶ, 'what has been said' — substantivized as the just remark just made."},{"surface":"δικαίῳ","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b20-l323","source":"ἀντιβίοις ἐπέεσσι καθαπτόμενος χαλεπαίνοι·","translation":"and attack it with hostile, angry words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιβίοις","lemma":"ἀντίβιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χαλεπαίνοι","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"καθαπτόμενος","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαλεπαίνοι","gloss":"attacking, assailing"},{"surface":"χαλεπαίνοι","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"should be angry","note":"χαλεπαίνοι, optative of wish/potential, completes the οὐκ ἄν ... τις clause begun two lines earlier."}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b20-l324","source":"μήτε τι τὸν ξεῖνον στυφελίζετε μήτε τινʼ ἄλλον","translation":"do not abuse the stranger, nor any other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to στυφελίζετε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήτε","gloss":"stranger, guest"},{"surface":"στυφελίζετε","lemma":"στυφελίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"abuse!","note":"present imperative, plural command to the suitors — a direct prohibition-in-progress ('stop abusing')."},{"surface":"μήτε","lemma":"μήτε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μήτε","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b20-l325","source":"δμώων, οἳ κατὰ δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο.","translation":"of the servants who are in the house of godlike Odysseus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμῶος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"of the servants"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεῖος, stock epic epithet for Odysseus, 'godlike/divine.'"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b20-l326","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ δέ κε μῦθον ἐγὼ καὶ μητέρι φαίην","translation":"But to Telemachus and his mother I would say a word,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Telemachus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential particle]"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φαίην","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φαίην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μητέρι","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to his mother"},{"surface":"φαίην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"φαίην, present optative of φημί, softened potential 'I would say,' fitting Agelaus's diplomatic tone."}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b20-l327","source":"ἤπιον, εἴ σφωϊν κραδίῃ ἅδοι ἀμφοτέροιϊν.","translation":"a gentle one, if it would please the heart of them both:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l327.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀμφοτέροιϊν","title":"Dual number","body":"ἀμφοτέροιϊν and σφωϊν are dual forms, referring to the two of them, Telemachus and his mother. The dual marks exactly two persons, a feature Homeric Greek preserves."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤπιον","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"gentle, kind"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"σφωϊν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίῃ","gloss":"to them both","note":"σφωϊν is dual, marking Telemachus and Penelope as a pair — the dual number is a distinct epic Greek feature."},{"surface":"κραδίῃ","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἅδοι","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἅδοι","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should please"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροιϊν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies σφωϊν","gloss":"both, to each of the two"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b20-l328","source":"ὄφρα μὲν ὑμῖν θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐώλπει","translation":"as long as your hearts within your breasts still hoped","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"for you (pl.)"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐώλπει","gloss":"spirit, heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"ἐώλπει","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"had hoped","note":"ἐώλπει, pluperfect of ἔλπω, marks a hope that held until now but has since ended."}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b20-l329","source":"νοστήσειν Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε,","translation":"that wise Odysseus would return to his own home,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστήσειν","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐώλπει","gloss":"would return"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νοστήσειν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πολύφρονα","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"wise, shrewd","note":"πολύφρων, 'of many wits,' a recurring formulaic epithet for Odysseus's cunning."},{"surface":"ὅνδε","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμονδε","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"δόμονδε","lemma":"δόμονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστήσειν","gloss":"homeward","note":"δόμονδε, noun + directional suffix -δε, 'to the house' — a common Homeric way to express motion without a preposition."}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b20-l330","source":"τόφρʼ οὔ τις νέμεσις μενέμεν τʼ ἦν ἰσχέμεναί τε","translation":"until then there was no blame in waiting and holding the suitors back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρ","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"until then"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies νέμεσις","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"νέμεσις","lemma":"νέμεσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"blame, reproach"},{"surface":"μενέμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"to wait, remain"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"ἰσχέμεναί","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"to restrain, hold back","note":"ἰσχέμεναί, epic infinitive of ἴσχω, paired with μενέμεν as twin infinitive subjects of ἦν."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b20-l331","source":"μνηστῆρας κατὰ δώματʼ, ἐπεὶ τόδε κέρδιον ἦεν,","translation":"the suitors throughout the house, since this was the better course,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰσχέμεναί","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more profitable, better"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"was","note":"ἦεν is an epic variant form of ἦν, 'was' — common metrical alternative in Homer."}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b20-l332","source":"εἰ νόστησʼ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ ὑπότροπος ἵκετο δῶμα·","translation":"if Odysseus should return and come back home;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"νόστησ","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"should return"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπότροπος","lemma":"ὑπότροπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"came back"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"home"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b20-l333","source":"νῦν δʼ ἤδη τόδε δῆλον, ὅ τʼ οὐκέτι νόστιμός ἐστιν.","translation":"but now it is already clear that he will never come home again.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δῆλον","lemma":"δῆλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"clear, plain"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that","note":"ὅ τε here functions as a conjunction introducing a fact clause, 'that...', not as a simple relative pronoun."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[epic particle]"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"νόστιμός","lemma":"νόστιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"destined to return"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject","gloss":"he is"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b20-l334","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε, σῇ τάδε μητρὶ παρεζόμενος κατάλεξον,","translation":"So come, sit beside your mother and tell her this:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l334.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κατάλεξον","title":"Aorist imperative","body":"An aorist imperative, a brisk command to give a full account. Aspect frames it as a single complete act of telling."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"σῇ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατάλεξον","gloss":"to your mother"},{"surface":"παρεζόμενος","lemma":"παρέζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"sitting beside"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell, relate"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b20-l335","source":"γήμασθʼ ὅς τις ἄριστος ἀνὴρ καὶ πλεῖστα πόρῃσιν,","translation":"to marry whatever man is best and offers the most gifts,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γήμασθ","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to marry","note":"γήμασθαι, middle infinitive of γαμέω, used of the bride's act of marrying (contrast active for the groom)."},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"[indefinite]"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλεῖστα","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πόρῃσιν","gloss":"most, the greatest gifts"},{"surface":"πόρῃσιν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"offers","note":"πόρῃσιν, epic subjunctive of πόρω 'to give/offer,' with generalizing ὅς τις, 'whoever offers most.'"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b20-l336","source":"ὄφρα σὺ μὲν χαίρων πατρώϊα πάντα νέμηαι,","translation":"so that you may enjoy all your father's goods in peace,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of νέμηαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νέμηαι","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"πατρώϊα","lemma":"πατρώιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of νέμηαι","gloss":"paternal, ancestral"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πατρώϊα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"νέμηαι","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"may enjoy, possess"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b20-l337","source":"ἔσθων καὶ πίνων, ἡ δʼ ἄλλου δῶμα κομίζῃ.","translation":"eating and drinking, while she keeps another man's house.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθων","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίνων","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"drinking"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κομίζῃ","gloss":"she","note":"ἡ used as a personal pronoun 'she', epic use of the article as demonstrative/pronoun."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλου","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"another man's","note":"genitive ἄλλου 'of another' modifying δῶμα: another man's house."},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κομίζῃ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κομίζῃ","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"keeps"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b20-l338","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l338.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"Perfect participle as epithet","body":"A perfect middle participle, literally \"having been made wise,\" used as a fixed epithet of Telemachus. The perfect marks a settled state."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle 'having good sense', a fixed Telemachus epithet meaning 'wise/prudent'."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ηὔδα, imperfect of αὐδάω, the standard Homeric verb of speech introducing direct speech."}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b20-l339","source":"οὐ μὰ Ζῆνʼ, Ἀγέλαε, καὶ ἄλγεα πατρὸς ἐμοῖο,","translation":"\"No, by Zeus, Agelaus, and by the sufferings of my father,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"μὰ","lemma":"μά","morphology":"particle","role":"preposition","gloss":"by","note":"μά + accusative is the oath particle: 'by Zeus'."},{"surface":"Ζῆν","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Ἀγέλαε","lemma":"Ἀγέλαος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Agelaus","note":"vocative of direct address, name of the suitor being answered."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sufferings"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"of my father"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖο","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"my","note":"ἐμοῖο, epic genitive singular form of ἐμός agreeing with πατρός."}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b20-l340","source":"ὅς που τῆλʼ Ἰθάκης ἢ ἔφθιται ἢ ἀλάληται,","translation":"who somewhere far from Ithaca has either died or wanders still,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"τῆλ","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τῆλ᾽","gloss":"from Ithaca","note":"genitive of separation with τῆλε 'far': 'far from Ithaca'."},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ἔφθιται","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἢ","gloss":"has died","note":"ἔφθιται, perfect middle of φθίω, a form only found in Homeric Greek."},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀλάληται","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἢ","gloss":"wanders","note":"ἀλάληται, perfect-form middle with present sense 'wanders', from the reduplicated stem ἀλαλ-."}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b20-l341","source":"οὔ τι διατρίβω μητρὸς γάμον, ἀλλὰ κελεύω","translation":"I am not delaying my mother's marriage; rather I urge her","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to διατρίβω","gloss":"at all","note":"τι used adverbially, 'in any way, at all', intensifying the negative."},{"surface":"διατρίβω","lemma":"διατρίβω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am delaying"},{"surface":"μητρὸς","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γάμον","gloss":"mother's"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of διατρίβω","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κελεύω","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urge"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b20-l342","source":"γήμασθʼ ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃ, ποτὶ δʼ ἄσπετα δῶρα δίδωμι.","translation":"to marry whomever she wishes, and I add countless gifts besides.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γήμασθ","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of κελεύω","gloss":"to marry","note":"γήμασθ᾽, aorist middle infinitive of γαμέω used of the woman 'to marry, be given in marriage'."},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whomever","note":"ᾧ, dative with ἐθέλῃ, indefinite relative 'whomever she wishes'."},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of γήμασθ᾽","gloss":"she wishes","note":"κ(ε) + subjunctive gives the indefinite/generalizing sense 'whomever she may wish'."},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides","note":"ποτί here is the adverbial form of πρός, 'in addition, besides', not a true preposition."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσπετα","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δίδωμι","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δίδωμι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I give"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b20-l343","source":"αἰδέομαι δʼ ἀέκουσαν ἀπὸ μεγάροιο δίεσθαι","translation":"But I am ashamed to drive her from the hall against her will","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l343.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδέομαι","title":"aidos (shame, respect)","body":"The verb of aidos, the social sense of shame and propriety that restrains a person from improper action. Telemachus will not force his mother out."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδέομαι","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am ashamed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀέκουσαν","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling","note":"ἀέκουσαν, accusative agreeing with the implied 'her' (mother), 'against her will'."},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"δίεσθαι","lemma":"δίεμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of αἰδέομαι","gloss":"to drive out","note":"δίεσθαι, present middle infinitive of δίεμαι 'to chase away, drive out'."}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b20-l344","source":"μύθῳ ἀναγκαίῳ· μὴ τοῦτο θεὸς τελέσειεν.","translation":"with a word of compulsion; may a god never bring that to pass.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δίεσθαι","gloss":"with a word"},{"surface":"ἀναγκαίῳ","lemma":"ἀναγκαῖος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθῳ","gloss":"of compulsion"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"may not"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of τελέσειεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τελέσειεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"τελέσειεν","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring to pass","note":"τελέσειεν, aorist optative expressing a wish: 'may a god never accomplish this'."}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b20-l345","source":"ὣς φάτο Τηλέμαχος· μνηστῆρσι δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη","translation":"So spoke Telemachus; but among the suitors Pallas Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"φάτο, aorist middle of φημί, formulaic line-closer for reported speech."},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φάτο","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"among the suitors"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Athena","note":"Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, the goddess's standard full-name epithet formula."}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b20-l346","source":"ἄσβεστον γέλω ὦρσε, παρέπλαγξεν δὲ νόημα.","translation":"stirred up unquenchable laughter, and unhinged their wits.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσβεστον","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέλω","gloss":"unquenchable","note":"ἄσβεστον γέλω 'unquenchable laughter', a fixed Homeric formula for uncontrollable, eerie laughter."},{"surface":"γέλω","lemma":"γέλως","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred up"},{"surface":"παρέπλαγξεν","lemma":"παραπλάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warped","note":"παρέπλαγξεν, aorist of παραπλάζω 'make go astray', here of minds: 'unhinged'."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόημα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παρέπλαγξεν","gloss":"their wits"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b20-l347","source":"οἱ δʼ ἤδη γναθμοῖσι γελοίων ἀλλοτρίοισιν,","translation":"They were laughing now with jaws that were not their own,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γελοίων","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γναθμοῖσι","lemma":"γναθμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to γελοίων","gloss":"with jaws"},{"surface":"γελοίων","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were laughing"},{"surface":"ἀλλοτρίοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies γναθμοῖσι","gloss":"not their own","note":"ἀλλοτρίοισιν 'belonging to others', the eerie image of jaws that seem foreign to their owners."}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b20-l348","source":"αἱμοφόρυκτα δὲ δὴ κρέα ἤσθιον· ὄσσε δʼ ἄρα σφέων","translation":"and they ate meat befouled with blood; their eyes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱμοφόρυκτα","lemma":"αἱμοφόρυκτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"blood-fouled","note":"αἱμοφόρυκτα, a rare compound adjective 'defiled with blood', vivid omen imagery."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤσθιον","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"ἤσθιον","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were eating"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσα","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of πίμπλαντο","gloss":"eyes","note":"ὄσσε, old dual form 'the two eyes', a relic of the Indo-European dual."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφέων","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄσσε","gloss":"their"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b20-l349","source":"δακρυόφιν πίμπλαντο, γόον δʼ ὠΐετο θυμός.","translation":"filled with tears, and their hearts foreboded weeping.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρυόφιν","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of πίμπλαντο","gloss":"with tears","note":"δακρυόφιν, archaic instrumental-genitive ending -φιν, epic dialectal form."},{"surface":"πίμπλαντο","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were filled"},{"surface":"γόον","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὠΐετο","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠΐετο","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"foreboded","note":"ὠΐετο, imperfect of οἴομαι 'sensed, had a premonition of', foreshadowing doom."},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὠΐετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b20-l350","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε Θεοκλύμενος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike Theoclymenus spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Θεοκλύμενος","lemma":"Θεοκλύμενος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Theoclymenus"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θεοκλύμενος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεοειδής, standard heroic epithet 'god-like in form', paired with the seer's name."}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b20-l351","source":"ἆ δειλοί, τί κακὸν τόδε πάσχετε; νυκτὶ μὲν\n                     ὑμέων","translation":"\"Ah, wretched men, what is this horror you suffer? In night","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δειλοί","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretched men","note":"δειλοί, vocative addressing the suitors as 'wretched/doomed ones' — dramatic irony, they don't yet know their fate."},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of πάσχετε","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"πάσχετε","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you suffer"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰλύαται","gloss":"in night","note":"νυκτί, dative of the imagined darkness enveloping them, resumed by εἰλύαται next line."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"ὑμέων","lemma":"ὑμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"your"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b20-l352","source":"εἰλύαται κεφαλαί τε πρόσωπά τε νέρθε τε γοῦνα.","translation":"your heads and faces and knees below are shrouded.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰλύαται","lemma":"εἰλύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are shrouded","note":"εἰλύαται, perfect passive of εἰλύω 'wrap, envelop' — the seer's vision of the suitors cloaked in death-darkness."},{"surface":"κεφαλαί","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόσωπά","lemma":"πρόσωπον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"faces"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέρθε","lemma":"νέρθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies γοῦνα","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γοῦνα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"knees"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b20-l353","source":"οἰμωγὴ δὲ δέδηε, δεδάκρυνται δὲ παρειαί,","translation":"Wailing has broken out, your cheeks are wet with tears,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰμωγὴ","lemma":"οἰμωγή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέδηε","gloss":"wailing"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέδηε","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has broken out","note":"δέδηε, perfect of δαίω 'kindle, blaze', metaphor of wailing as a fire flaring up."},{"surface":"δεδάκρυνται","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are wet with tears"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρειαί","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δεδάκρυνται","gloss":"cheeks"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b20-l354","source":"αἵματι δʼ ἐρράδαται τοῖχοι καλαί τε μεσόδμαι·","translation":"the walls are spattered with blood and the fair roof-beams too;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρράδαται","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρράδαται","lemma":"ῥαίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are spattered","note":"ἐρράδαται, perfect passive of ῥαίνω 'sprinkle', vivid omen of blood on the walls."},{"surface":"τοῖχοι","lemma":"τοῖχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the walls"},{"surface":"καλαί","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies μεσόδμαι","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεσόδμαι","lemma":"μεσόδμη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"roof-beams"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b20-l355","source":"εἰδώλων δὲ πλέον πρόθυρον, πλείη δὲ καὶ αὐλή,","translation":"the porch is full of ghosts, and the courtyard full,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l355.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εἰδώλων","title":"eidola (ghostly shades)","body":"Eidola are phantom images, the shades of the dead. Theoclymenus the seer sees the suitors' coming death already crowding the house."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδώλων","lemma":"εἴδωλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies πλέον","gloss":"of ghosts","note":"εἰδώλων, 'phantoms/shades of the dead' — Theoclymenus's second-sight vision of the suitors' coming deaths."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλέον","lemma":"πλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"πρόθυρον","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the porch"},{"surface":"πλείη","lemma":"πλέως","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐλή","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the courtyard"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b20-l356","source":"ἱεμένων Ἔρεβόσδε ὑπὸ ζόφον· ἠέλιος δὲ","translation":"of them rushing down to Erebus beneath the gloom; and the sun","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱεμένων","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present participle, genitive plural neuter","role":"modifies εἰδώλων","gloss":"rushing","note":"ἱεμένων, present middle participle of ἵημι 'hasten, press eagerly', describing the ghosts' rush to the underworld."},{"surface":"Ἔρεβόσδε","lemma":"Ἔρεβόσδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱεμένων","gloss":"to Erebus","note":"Ἔρεβόσδε, directional -δε suffix 'to/toward Erebus', the underworld's dark region."},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ζόφον","lemma":"ζόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"the gloom"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξαπόλωλε","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b20-l357","source":"οὐρανοῦ ἐξαπόλωλε, κακὴ δʼ ἐπιδέδρομεν ἀχλύς.","translation":"has perished from the sky, and an evil mist has spread over all.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανοῦ","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξαπόλωλε","gloss":"from the sky"},{"surface":"ἐξαπόλωλε","lemma":"ἐξαπόλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has perished","note":"ἐξαπόλωλε, perfect of ἐξαπόλλυμι, a striking uncanny image: broad daylight replaced by supernatural darkness."},{"surface":"κακὴ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀχλύς","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιδέδρομεν","lemma":"ἐπιτρέχω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has spread over","note":"ἐπιδέδρομεν, perfect of ἐπιτρέχω 'run over/upon', of mist creeping over everything."},{"surface":"ἀχλύς","lemma":"ἀχλύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιδέδρομεν","gloss":"mist"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b20-l358","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἡδὺ\n                  γέλασσαν.","translation":"So he spoke, but they all laughed merrily at him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γέλασσαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γέλασσαν","gloss":"merrily","note":"ἡδύ, neuter accusative used adverbially 'sweetly/merrily' — grim irony, laughing at a doom-prophecy."},{"surface":"γέλασσαν","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b20-l359","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Εὐρύμαχος, Πολύβου πάϊς, ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν·","translation":"Then Eurymachus, son of Polybus, began to speak among them:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχ᾽","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"Πολύβου","lemma":"Πόλυβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Polybus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἦρχ","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύειν","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἦρχ᾽","gloss":"to speak","note":"ἦρχ᾽ ἀγορεύειν, 'began to speak', a common formula introducing a new speaker."}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b20-l360","source":"ἀφραίνει ξεῖνος νέον ἄλλοθεν εἰληλουθώς.","translation":"\"This stranger newly come from elsewhere has lost his mind.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀφραίνει","lemma":"ἀφραίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is raving","note":"ἀφραίνει 'is out of his mind, talks foolishly' — Eurymachus dismissing the seer's vision."},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφραίνει","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰληλουθώς","gloss":"newly"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰληλουθώς","gloss":"from elsewhere"},{"surface":"εἰληλουθώς","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"having come","note":"εἰληλουθώς, perfect active participle of ἔρχομαι, epic reduplicated form 'having come'."}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b20-l361","source":"ἀλλά μιν αἶψα, νέοι, δόμου ἐκπέμψασθε θύραζε","translation":"Quick, young men, escort him out of the house, through the doors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκπέμψασθε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκπέμψασθε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"young men","note":"νέοι, vocative addressing the younger suitors present, ordering them to act."},{"surface":"δόμου","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκπέμψασθε","gloss":"from the house"},{"surface":"ἐκπέμψασθε","lemma":"ἐκπέμπω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send out","note":"ἐκπέμψασθε, aorist middle imperative, brusque command 'escort him out'."},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐκπέμψασθε","gloss":"through the doors"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b20-l362","source":"εἰς ἀγορὴν ἔρχεσθαι, ἐπεὶ τάδε νυκτὶ ἐΐσκει.","translation":"to go to the assembly, since here he thinks it is night.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the assembly"},{"surface":"ἔρχεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐκπέμψασθε","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐΐσκει","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"νυκτὶ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐΐσκει","gloss":"as night"},{"surface":"ἐΐσκει","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he thinks","note":"ἐΐσκει 'likens, imagines', mockingly claiming the seer mistakes day for night."}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b20-l363","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Θεοκλύμενος θεοειδής·","translation":"Then godlike Theoclymenus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"Θεοκλύμενος","lemma":"Θεοκλύμενος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Theoclymenus"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θεοκλύμενος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b20-l364","source":"Εὐρύμαχʼ, οὔ τί σʼ ἄνωγα ἐμοὶ πομπῆας ὀπάζειν·","translation":"\"Eurymachus, I do not ask you to give me escorts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχ","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurymachus","note":"vocative direct address opening the seer's rebuttal."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄνωγα","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὀπάζειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ask","note":"ἄνωγα, perfect with present sense 'I bid/ask', from a defective verb lacking a present stem."},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀπάζειν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"πομπῆας","lemma":"πομπεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀπάζειν","gloss":"escorts"},{"surface":"ὀπάζειν","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγα","gloss":"to provide"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b20-l365","source":"εἰσί μοι ὀφθαλμοί τε καὶ οὔατα καὶ πόδες ἄμφω","translation":"I have eyes and ears and both my feet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰσί","gloss":"to me","note":"Dative of possession with εἰσί ('there is to me') = 'I have'."},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοί","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόδες","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδες","gloss":"both","note":"Dual form ἄμφω 'both' agrees loosely with plural πόδες, an old dual surviving in formulaic speech."}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b20-l366","source":"καὶ νόος ἐν στήθεσσι τετυγμένος οὐδὲν ἀεικής.","translation":"and a mind in my breast well shaped, no faulty thing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l366.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόος","title":"noos (mind, perception)","body":"Noos is the mind as the faculty of understanding and insight. The seer insists his perception is sound, unlike the deluded suitors."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"a mind"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"τετυγμένος","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"well shaped","note":"Perfect passive participle of τεύχω 'to make' — 'having been fashioned', i.e. formed soundly."},{"surface":"οὐδὲν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀεικής","gloss":"in no way","note":"Neuter accusative οὐδέν used adverbially, 'not at all', modifying the adjective ἀεικής."},{"surface":"ἀεικής","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"unseemly"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b20-l367","source":"τοῖς ἔξειμι θύραζε, ἐπεὶ νοέω κακὸν ὔμμιν","translation":"With these I will go out the doors, for I perceive evil coming","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔξειμι","gloss":"with these"},{"surface":"ἔξειμι","lemma":"ἔξειμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will go out"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔξειμι","gloss":"out the doors"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"νοέω","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I perceive"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of νοέω","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ὔμμιν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἐρχόμενον","gloss":"for you","note":"ὔμμιν is the epic/Aeolic plural dative of σύ, 'to/for you (pl.)', an older form than ὑμῖν."}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b20-l368","source":"ἐρχόμενον, τό κεν οὔ τις ὑπεκφύγοι οὐδʼ ἀλέαιτο","translation":"upon you, which not one of the suitors will escape or avoid,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχόμενον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)","note":"κεν + optative (ὑπεκφύγοι) marks potential mood, 'no one could escape.'"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ὑπεκφύγοι","lemma":"ὑπεκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"escape"},{"surface":"ἀλέαιτο","lemma":"ἀλέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"avoid","note":"ἀλέαιτο is a rare aorist optative of ἀλέομαι 'to avoid', paired with ὑπεκφύγοι for emphasis."}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b20-l369","source":"μνηστήρων, οἳ δῶμα κάτʼ ἀντιθέου Ὀδυσῆος","translation":"you who in the house of godlike Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μηχανάασθε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κάτ᾽","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κάτ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout","note":"κατά + accusative δῶμα, 'throughout/down through the house', governs a spatial sense not a genitive object."},{"surface":"ἀντιθέου","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b20-l370","source":"ἀνέρας ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανάασθε.","translation":"abuse men and contrive your reckless outrages.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑβρίζοντες","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὑβρίζοντες","lemma":"ὑβρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μηχανάασθε","gloss":"insulting","note":"Present participle ὑβρίζοντες, 'showing hybris/outrage toward', describing ongoing abusive behavior."},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλα","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανάασθε","gloss":"reckless acts"},{"surface":"μηχανάασθε","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστήρων","gloss":"you contrive"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b20-l371","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐξῆλθε δόμων εὖ ναιεταόντων,","translation":"So speaking he went out from the well-built halls,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξῆλθε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἐξῆλθε","lemma":"ἐξέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went out"},{"surface":"δόμων","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξῆλθε","gloss":"from the halls"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιεταόντων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιεταόντων","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies δόμων","gloss":"well-built","note":"ναιεταόντων, present participle 'dwelt-in/inhabited', with εὖ forms the stock epithet 'well-built halls.'"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b20-l372","source":"ἵκετο δʼ ἐς Πείραιον, ὅ μιν πρόφρων ὑπέδεκτο.","translation":"and came to Piraeus, who received him kindly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πείραιον","lemma":"Πείραιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Piraeus"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέδεκτο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"kindly","note":"πρόφρων, 'with ready/willing heart', a common Homeric adverbial adjective describing warm hospitality."},{"surface":"ὑπέδεκτο","lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Πείραιον","gloss":"received"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b20-l373","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐς ἀλλήλους ὁρόωντες","translation":"Then all the suitors, looking at one another,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρέθιζον","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ὁρόωντες","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέθιζον","gloss":"looking","note":"ὁρόωντες keeps the uncontracted epic form of ὁράω, filling out the dactylic line."}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b20-l374","source":"Τηλέμαχον ἐρέθιζον, ἐπὶ ξείνοις γελόωντες·","translation":"kept goading Telemachus by laughing at his guests.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρέθιζον","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἐρέθιζον","lemma":"ἐρεθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept goading","note":"Imperfect ἐρέθιζον marks repeated/ongoing taunting, not a single act."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ξείνοις","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the guests"},{"surface":"γελόωντες","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέθιζον","gloss":"laughing"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b20-l375","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων·","translation":"And thus one of the arrogant young men would say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκε","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"εἴπεσκε is an iterative aorist with -σκ- suffix, epic marker for habitual/repeated action, 'would keep saying.'"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the young men"},{"surface":"ὑπερηνορεόντων","lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νέων","gloss":"arrogant"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b20-l376","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, οὔ τις σεῖο κακοξεινώτερος ἄλλος·","translation":"\"Telemachus, no man is worse off in his guests than you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus","note":"Vocative direct address opening the suitor's taunt."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies κακοξεινώτερος","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"κακοξεινώτερος","lemma":"κακόξενος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more ill-guested","note":"κακοξεινώτερος, comparative of the rare compound κακόξενος 'having bad luck with guests', coined for this taunt."},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b20-l377","source":"οἷον μέν τινα τοῦτον ἔχεις ἐπίμαστον ἀλήτην,","translation":"What a filthy vagabond you keep there,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλήτην","gloss":"what a"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀλήτην","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλήτην","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔχεις","lemma":"ἔχις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"main verb","gloss":"you keep"},{"surface":"ἐπίμαστον","lemma":"ἐπίμαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλήτην","gloss":"begging","note":"ἐπίμαστος, 'sought after/importunate', describing a beggar who solicits handouts."},{"surface":"ἀλήτην","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχεις","gloss":"vagabond"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b20-l378","source":"σίτου καὶ οἴνου κεχρημένον, οὐδέ τι ἔργων","translation":"needy for bread and wine, with no skill at any work","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of bread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἴνου","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of wine"},{"surface":"κεχρημένον","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"in need of","note":"κεχρημένον, perfect participle of χράομαι/χρή, 'being in want of', governing the genitives σίτου καὶ οἴνου."},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔμπαιον","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"ἔργων","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"of works"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b20-l379","source":"ἔμπαιον οὐδὲ βίης, ἀλλʼ αὔτως ἄχθος ἀρούρης.","translation":"or in fighting, but a mere dead weight on the earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l379.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄχθος ἀρούρης","title":"\"a burden on the earth\"","body":"A proverbial phrase, literally \"a weight of the plowland,\" for a useless person who only consumes. It mocks the disguised Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμπαιον","lemma":"ἔμπαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"skilled","note":"ἔμπαιον 'experienced/skilled in', negated by preceding οὐδέ — 'unskilled in works.'"},{"surface":"βίης","lemma":"βία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"of strength"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"just so","note":"αὔτως, 'simply/merely as he is', dismissive adverb underscoring the insult."},{"surface":"ἄχθος","lemma":"ἄχθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a burden"},{"surface":"ἀρούρης","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄχθος","gloss":"on the earth","note":"ἄχθος ἀρούρης, 'a burden of the earth', a proverbial Homeric phrase for a useless person."}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b20-l380","source":"ἄλλος δʼ αὖτέ τις οὗτος ἀνέστη μαντεύεσθαι.","translation":"And here is this other fellow who has stood up to prophesy.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀνέστη","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτέ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"μαντεύεσθαι","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"to prophesy"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b20-l381","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη·","translation":"But if you would listen to me, it would be far better:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίθοιο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πίθοιο","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πίθοιο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you would listen","note":"πίθοιο, aorist middle optative of πείθω, 'let yourself be persuaded by', a polite hortatory suggestion."},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b20-l382","source":"τοὺς ξείνους ἐν νηῒ πολυκληῗδι βαλόντες","translation":"let us throw the strangers aboard a many-benched ship","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξείνους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πέμψωμεν","gloss":"strangers"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"πολυκληῗδι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"many-benched","note":"πολυκλήις, 'having many oarlocks/benches', a stock Homeric epithet for a well-manned ship."},{"surface":"βαλόντες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέμψωμεν","gloss":"having thrown"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b20-l383","source":"ἐς Σικελοὺς πέμψωμεν, ὅθεν κέ τοι ἄξιον ἄλφοι.","translation":"and send them to the Sicels, where they would fetch you a good price.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Σικελοὺς","lemma":"Σικελός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the Sicels","note":"Σικελοί, a real people of Sicily — a rare Homeric geographic reference beyond the Aegean world."},{"surface":"πέμψωμεν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us send"},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄλφοι","gloss":"whence"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἄλφοι","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἄξιον","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄλφοι","gloss":"a good price"},{"surface":"ἄλφοι","lemma":"ἀλφάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Σικελοὺς","gloss":"would fetch"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b20-l384","source":"ὣς ἔφασαν μνηστῆρες· ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἐμπάζετο μύθων,","translation":"So spoke the suitors, but he paid no heed to their words,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφασαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφασαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφασαν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμπάζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐμπάζετο","lemma":"ἐμπάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"paid heed","note":"ἐμπάζετο, 'took notice of' + genitive μύθων, showing Telemachus's deliberate self-control."},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμπάζετο","gloss":"their words"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b20-l385","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκέων πατέρα προσεδέρκετο, δέγμενος αἰεί,","translation":"but in silence kept watching his father, waiting always","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in silence","note":"ἀκέων, 'silently', a participle-like adjective describing Telemachus's restrained composure."},{"surface":"πατέρα","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεδέρκετο","gloss":"his father"},{"surface":"προσεδέρκετο","lemma":"προσδέρκομαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept watching"},{"surface":"δέγμενος","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσεδέρκετο","gloss":"waiting","note":"δέγμενος, perfect-sense participle of δέχομαι, 'expecting/awaiting', building suspense before the slaughter."},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέγμενος","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b20-l386","source":"ὁππότε δὴ μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφήσει.","translation":"for when he would lay his hands upon the shameless suitors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσει","gloss":"upon the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀναιδέσι","lemma":"ἀναιδής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρσιν","gloss":"shameless"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφήσει","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐφήσει","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὁππότε","gloss":"he would lay","note":"ἐφήσει, future of ἐφίημι 'to send/let go upon', idiomatic for 'lay hands on' in violent attack."}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b20-l387","source":"ἡ δὲ κατʼ ἄντηστιν θεμένη περικαλλέα δίφρον","translation":"And she, having set her lovely chair facing them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"facing them","note":"κατ' ἄντηστιν, 'opposite/facing', an idiom placing Penelope in view of the suitors."},{"surface":"ἄντηστιν","lemma":"ἄντηστις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"facing them"},{"surface":"θεμένη","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἄκουεν","gloss":"having set"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρον","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θεμένη","gloss":"chair"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b20-l388","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων, 'very prudent', the recurring epithet marking Penelope's shrewd intelligence."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b20-l389","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἐν μεγάροισιν ἑκάστου μῦθον ἄκουεν.","translation":"listened to the words of each man in the hall.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑκάστου","gloss":"of the men"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"of each"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἄκουεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"listened to"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b20-l390","source":"δεῖπνον μὲν γάρ τοί γε γελοίωντες τετύκοντο","translation":"For laughing they had made themselves a dinner,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τετύκοντο","gloss":"dinner"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τετύκοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γελοίωντες","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τετύκοντο","gloss":"laughing"},{"surface":"τετύκοντο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had made","note":"τετύκοντο, aorist middle of τεύχω, 'prepared for themselves' — grim irony since this dinner turns to slaughter."}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b20-l391","source":"ἡδὺ τε καὶ μενοεικές, ἐπεὶ μάλα πόλλʼ ἱέρευσαν·","translation":"sweet and satisfying, since they had sacrificed many beasts;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μενοεικές","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"satisfying","note":"μενοεικές, 'heart-pleasing/filling', a Homeric epithet for abundant, appetizing food."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἱέρευσαν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἱέρευσαν","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they had sacrificed"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b20-l392","source":"δόρπου δʼ οὐκ ἄν πως ἀχαρίστερον ἄλλο γένοιτο,","translation":"but no supper could ever be more graceless than this,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δόρπου","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀχαρίστερον","gloss":"of a supper"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἀχαρίστερον","lemma":"ἀχάριστος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"more graceless","note":"ἀχαρίστερον, comparative of ἀχάριστος 'thankless/graceless', bitterly ironic given the coming bloodshed."},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could become"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b20-l393","source":"οἷον δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλε θεὰ καὶ καρτερὸς ἀνὴρ","translation":"such as the goddess and the mighty man were soon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of θησέμεναι","gloss":"such as","note":"Correlative relative pronoun pointing ahead to the feast about to be served."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλε","gloss":"soon","note":"τάχα elides its final α before ἔμελλε, common before a vowel."},{"surface":"ἔμελλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δόρπου","gloss":"was about to","note":"μέλλω + infinitive expresses imminent future action, here in the imperfect."},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καρτερὸς","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b20-l394","source":"θησέμεναι· πρότεροι γὰρ ἀεικέα μηχανόωντο.","translation":"to set before them; for they had first contrived their shameful deeds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b20-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θησέμεναι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλε","gloss":"to set"},{"surface":"πρότεροι","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανόωντο","gloss":"shameful deeds"},{"surface":"μηχανόωντο","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had contrived"}]}]}