{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":21,"id":"book-21","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας φ","translated":"Book 21 — The Contest of the Bow"},"section":"The Homecoming","summary":"Penelope brings out the great bow. No suitor can string it. The beggar strings it without rising and shoots through the twelve axes.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21","lines":434},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b21-l1","source":"τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"Then the goddess bright-eyed Athena put it in her mind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"Epithet of Athena","body":"\"Bright-eyed\" (or \"gleaming-eyed\") is Athena's standard formulaic epithet, recurring throughout Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"in her (mind)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"mind","note":"φρήν 'midriff/heart' as seat of thought; dative after ἐπί, 'upon her mind'"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put","note":"θῆκε, aorist of τίθημι 'put/set', governs the infinitive θέμεν three lines below"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θεὰ","gloss":"bright-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's fixed epithet ('gleaming-eyed'), a recurring Homeric formula"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b21-l2","source":"κούρῃ Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ,","translation":"in the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"περίφρονι","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελοπείῃ","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων 'very thoughtful', a standing epithet for Penelope's cleverness"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b21-l3","source":"τόξον μνηστήρεσσι θέμεν πολιόν τε σίδηρον","translation":"to set out the bow for the suitors and the gray iron","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θέμεν","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"θέμεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"to set out","note":"θέμεν, athematic aorist infinitive of τίθημι depending on θῆκε in l.1 ('put it... to set out')"},{"surface":"πολιόν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρον","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίδηρον","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b21-l4","source":"ἐν μεγάροις Ὀδυσῆος, ἀέθλια καὶ φόνου ἀρχήν.","translation":"in Odysseus' halls, as a contest and the beginning of slaughter.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροις","gloss":"Odysseus'"},{"surface":"ἀέθλια","lemma":"ἄθλιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as a contest","note":"ἀέθλια predicate accusative, 'as a trial/contest'—foreshadows the bow contest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φόνου","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχήν","gloss":"of slaughter"},{"surface":"ἀρχήν","lemma":"ἀρχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"beginning"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b21-l5","source":"κλίμακα δʼ ὑψηλὴν προσεβήσετο οἷο δόμοιο,","translation":"She went up the high stairway of her house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλίμακα","lemma":"κλῖμαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσεβήσετο","gloss":"stairway"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑψηλὴν","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κλίμακα","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"προσεβήσετο","lemma":"προσβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went up","note":"προσεβήσετο, aorist middle of προσβαίνω 'step toward/mount', middle voice for her own bodily motion"},{"surface":"οἷο","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοιο","gloss":"her own","note":"οἷο = possessive ἑός/ϝός 'his/her own', epic reflexive adjective"},{"surface":"δόμοιο","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλίμακα","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b21-l6","source":"εἵλετο δὲ κληῗδʼ εὐκαμπέα χειρὶ παχείῃ","translation":"and took in her strong hand the well-curved key,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took","note":"εἵλετο, aorist middle of αἱρέω 'take for oneself'"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κληῗδ","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"key"},{"surface":"εὐκαμπέα","lemma":"εὐκαμπής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κληῗδ᾽","gloss":"well-curved"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵλετο","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παχείῃ","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"strong","note":"παχύς literally 'thick/stout', used of a strong hand"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b21-l7","source":"καλὴν χαλκείην· κώπη δʼ ἐλέφαντος ἐπῆεν.","translation":"a fine one of bronze; and on it was a handle of ivory.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κληῗδ᾽","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"χαλκείην","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κληῗδ᾽","gloss":"bronze","note":"χαλκείην, material adjective agreeing with κληῗδ' 'key' from the line before"},{"surface":"κώπη","lemma":"κώπη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπῆεν","gloss":"handle"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλέφαντος","lemma":"ἐλέφας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κώπη","gloss":"of ivory"},{"surface":"ἐπῆεν","lemma":"ἔπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was on it","note":"ἐπῆεν, imperfect of ἔπειμι 'to be upon', vivid detail of the key's ivory grip"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b21-l8","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεναι θάλαμόνδε σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶν","translation":"She made her way to the storeroom with her serving women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"βῆ, root aorist of βαίνω, common formulaic 'she/he set out'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go","note":"ἴμεναι, epic present infinitive of εἶμι, completing βῆ ('went to go')"},{"surface":"θάλαμόνδε","lemma":"θάλαμόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to the storeroom"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπόλοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναιξὶν","gloss":"attendant"},{"surface":"γυναιξὶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b21-l9","source":"ἔσχατον· ἔνθα δέ οἱ κειμήλια κεῖτο ἄνακτος,","translation":"the farthest one; there lay her lord's treasures,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσχατον","lemma":"ἔσχατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"farthest","note":"ἔσχατον agrees with an implied storeroom, 'the innermost/farthest one'"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"her","note":"οἱ, epic dative of possession, 'belonging to her (lord)'"},{"surface":"κειμήλια","lemma":"κειμήλιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"treasures"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κειμήλια","gloss":"of her lord"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b21-l10","source":"χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος.","translation":"bronze and gold and much-wrought iron.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσός","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολύκμητός","lemma":"πολύκμητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρος","gloss":"much-wrought","note":"πολύκμητος 'worked with much toil', epic compound adjective for iron"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίδηρος","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b21-l11","source":"ἔνθα δὲ τόξον κεῖτο παλίντονον ἠδὲ φαρέτρη","translation":"There lay the back-bent bow and the quiver,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"παλίντονον","lemma":"παλίντονος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"back-bent","note":"παλίντονος 'bent back', epic epithet for the recurved hunting bow"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαρέτρη","lemma":"φαρέτρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"quiver"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b21-l12","source":"ἰοδόκος, πολλοὶ δʼ ἔνεσαν στονόεντες ὀϊστοί,","translation":"the arrow-holder, and many groaning shafts were within it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"στονόεντες","title":"\"Groaning\" arrows","body":"The arrows are called \"groaning\" or \"causing groans\"—they make their victims groan. A vivid Homeric transferred epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἰοδόκος","lemma":"ἰοδόκος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φαρέτρη","gloss":"arrow-holding","note":"ἰοδόκος 'arrow-receiving', a fixed epithet describing the quiver"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστοί","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνεσαν","lemma":"ἐνέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were within","note":"ἔνεσαν, root sense 'sat/lay in', describing the arrows inside the quiver"},{"surface":"στονόεντες","lemma":"στονόεις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστοί","gloss":"groaning","note":"στονόεις 'causing groans', grim epithet for lethal arrows"},{"surface":"ὀϊστοί","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"shafts"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b21-l13","source":"δῶρα τά οἱ ξεῖνος Λακεδαίμονι δῶκε τυχήσας","translation":"gifts that a friend had given him when he met him in Lacedaemon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a guest-friend"},{"surface":"Λακεδαίμονι","lemma":"Λακεδαίμων","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τυχήσας","gloss":"in Lacedaemon"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"τυχήσας","lemma":"τυγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῶκε","gloss":"having met him","note":"τυχήσας, aorist participle of τυγχάνω 'happen upon/meet', explains the circumstance of the gift"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b21-l14","source":"Ἴφιτος Εὐρυτίδης, ἐπιείκελος ἀθανάτοισι.","translation":"Iphitus, son of Eurytus, a man like the immortals.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴφιτος","lemma":"Ἴφιτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Iphitus"},{"surface":"Εὐρυτίδης","lemma":"Εὐρυτίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἴφιτος","gloss":"son of Eurytus"},{"surface":"ἐπιείκελος","lemma":"ἐπιείκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴφιτος","gloss":"like","note":"ἐπιείκελος 'resembling', formulaic praise-epithet ('like the immortals')"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιείκελος","gloss":"the immortals"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b21-l15","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐν Μεσσήνῃ ξυμβλήτην ἀλλήλοιϊν","translation":"The two of them met one another in Messene,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ","title":"Dual number","body":"τὼ and ξυμβλήτην are dual forms, used for exactly two—here Odysseus and Iphitus meeting each other."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ξυμβλήτην","gloss":"the two of them","note":"τώ, dual pronoun—Homeric dual number marks the pair Odysseus and Iphitus acting together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Μεσσήνῃ","lemma":"Μεσσήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Messene"},{"surface":"ξυμβλήτην","lemma":"συμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met","note":"ξυμβλήτην, dual aorist of συμβάλλω, matching the dual subject τώ"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοιϊν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative dual masculine adjective","role":"object of ξυμβλήτην","gloss":"each other"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b21-l16","source":"οἴκῳ ἐν Ὀρτιλόχοιο δαΐφρονος. ἦ τοι Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"in the house of warlike Ortilochus. Indeed Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ὀρτιλόχοιο","lemma":"Ὀρτίλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"of Ortilochus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀρτιλόχοιο","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b21-l17","source":"ἦλθε μετὰ χρεῖος, τό ῥά οἱ πᾶς δῆμος ὄφελλε·","translation":"had come to recover a debt that the whole people owed him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after (to recover)","note":"μετά + acc. χρεῖος, 'in pursuit of a debt'—idiomatic sense of the preposition"},{"surface":"χρεῖος","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"a debt"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὄφελλε","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄφελλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πᾶς","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμος","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"δῆμος","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄφελλε","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"ὄφελλε","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χρεῖος","gloss":"owed"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b21-l18","source":"μῆλα γὰρ ἐξ Ἰθάκης Μεσσήνιοι ἄνδρες ἄειραν","translation":"for men of Messene had carried off sheep from Ithaca,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"Μεσσήνιοι","lemma":"Μεσσήνιοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"Messenian"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄειραν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἄειραν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried off","note":"ἄειραν, aorist of ἀείρω 'lift/raise', idiomatic for raiders driving off livestock"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b21-l19","source":"νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι τριηκόσιʼ ἠδὲ νομῆας.","translation":"three hundred of them, in their many-benched ships, along with the herdsmen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄειραν","gloss":"in ships"},{"surface":"πολυκλήϊσι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"many-benched","note":"πολυκλήις 'with many rowlocks', standard Homeric ship-epithet"},{"surface":"τριηκόσι","lemma":"τριακόσιοι","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"three hundred"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νομῆας","lemma":"νομεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"herdsmen"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b21-l20","source":"τῶν ἕνεκʼ ἐξεσίην πολλὴν ὁδὸν ἦλθεν Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"On their account Odysseus came on a long journey as an envoy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ᾽","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on account of","note":"ἕνεκα postpositive preposition following its genitive object τῶν"},{"surface":"ἐξεσίην","lemma":"ἐξεσία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as an envoy"},{"surface":"πολλὴν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b21-l21","source":"παιδνὸς ἐών· πρὸ γὰρ ἧκε πατὴρ ἄλλοι τε γέροντες.","translation":"while still a boy; for his father and the other elders sent him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παιδνὸς","lemma":"παιδνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a boy"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"being","note":"ἐών, epic present participle of εἰμί ('being'), concessive—'while still being a boy'"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"forth","note":"πρό here is in tmesis with ἧκε (= προῆκε 'sent forth'), adverbial 'forth/forward'—not the preposition 'before'."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent","note":"ἧκε, aorist of ἵημι 'send forth'"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντες","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"elders"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b21-l22","source":"Ἴφιτος αὖθʼ ἵππους διζήμενος, αἵ οἱ ὄλοντο","translation":"Iphitus in turn had come seeking horses that he had lost,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴφιτος","lemma":"Ἴφιτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Iphitus"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of διζήμενος","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"διζήμενος","lemma":"δίζημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"seeking","note":"διζήμενος, middle participle of δίζημαι 'seek out'"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄλοντο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄλοντο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ὄλοντο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"were lost","note":"ὄλοντο, aorist middle of ὄλλυμι, intransitive sense 'perished/were lost'"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b21-l23","source":"δώδεκα θήλειαι, ὑπὸ δʼ ἡμίονοι ταλαεργοί·","translation":"twelve mares, with hardy mule foals beneath them at the teat;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies αἵ","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"θήλειαι","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἵ","gloss":"mares"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμίονοι","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mules","note":"ἡμίονος 'half-ass', the mule foals nursing beneath the mares"},{"surface":"ταλαεργοί","lemma":"ταλαεργός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμίονοι","gloss":"hardy"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b21-l24","source":"αἳ δή οἱ καὶ ἔπειτα φόνος καὶ μοῖρα γένοντο,","translation":"and these afterward proved his death and his doom,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of γένοντο","gloss":"which","note":"αἵ, feminine plural relative referring back to the mares/mules just described"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένοντο","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοντο","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"φόνος","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became","note":"γένοντο with double predicate nouns φόνος καὶ μοῖρα, 'became death and doom'—i.e. caused it"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b21-l25","source":"ἐπεὶ δὴ Διὸς υἱὸν ἀφίκετο καρτερόθυμον,","translation":"when he came to the stout-hearted son of Zeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"came to","note":"ἀφίκετο, aorist of ἀφικνέομαι 'arrive at', governs υἱὸν as its object"},{"surface":"καρτερόθυμον","lemma":"καρτερόθυμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"stout-hearted"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b21-l26","source":"φῶθʼ Ἡρακλῆα, μεγάλων ἐπιίστορα ἔργων,","translation":"the man Heracles, who knew great deeds of violence,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῶθ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἡρακλῆα","gloss":"the man","note":"φώς 'man/hero', epic apposition to Ἡρακλῆα"},{"surface":"Ἡρακλῆα","lemma":"Ἡρακλῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Heracles"},{"surface":"μεγάλων","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργων","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἐπιίστορα","lemma":"ἐπιίστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"knower of","note":"ἐπιίστωρ, rare compound noun 'one skilled/versed in', here darkly ironic of violent deeds"},{"surface":"ἔργων","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐπιίστορα","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b21-l27","source":"ὅς μιν ξεῖνον ἐόντα κατέκτανεν ᾧ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ,","translation":"who killed him, his guest though he was, in his own house—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέκτανεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέκτανεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being","note":"ἐόντα, concessive participle, 'though he was a guest'—stresses the crime of xenia violated"},{"surface":"κατέκτανεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b21-l28","source":"σχέτλιος, οὐδὲ θεῶν ὄπιν ᾐδέσατʼ οὐδὲ τράπεζαν,","translation":"reckless man, with no awe of the gods' eye nor of the table","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιος","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"reckless man"},{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄπιν","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ὄπιν","lemma":"ὄπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ᾐδέσατ᾽","gloss":"watchful eye"},{"surface":"ᾐδέσατ","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"felt awe of"},{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"τράπεζαν","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the table"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b21-l29","source":"τὴν ἥν οἱ παρέθηκεν· ἔπειτα δὲ πέφνε καὶ αὐτόν,","translation":"he had set before him; then he slew him too,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies τράπεζαν","gloss":"the","note":"τήν, feminine article/pronoun anticipating an implied τράπεζαν 'table' not shown in this excerpt"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of παρέθηκεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρέθηκεν","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"παρέθηκεν","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὴν","gloss":"had set before","note":"παρέθηκεν, aorist of παρατίθημι 'set beside/before', hospitality detail before the murder"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέφνε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέφνε","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slew","note":"πέφνε, rare root-aorist of θείνω 'strike/slay', archaic epic form"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of πέφνε","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b21-l30","source":"ἵππους δʼ αὐτὸς ἔχε κρατερώνυχας ἐν μεγάροισι.","translation":"and himself kept the strong-hoofed mares in his halls.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"mares"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself","note":"αὐτός here means \"himself,\" not \"same\" — emphasizing the subject."},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"κρατερώνυχας","lemma":"κρατερῶνυξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"strong-hoofed","note":"Compound epithet κρατερός+ὄνυξ, \"strong-hoofed\" — formulaic horse description."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b21-l31","source":"τὰς ἐρέων Ὀδυσῆϊ συνήντετο, δῶκε δὲ τόξον,","translation":"Seeking these, Iphitus fell in with Odysseus and gave him the bow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέων","gloss":"them (mares)"},{"surface":"ἐρέων","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to συνήντετο","gloss":"seeking","note":"Future participle ἐρέων expresses purpose: \"[going] to seek\" these mares."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of συνήντετο","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"συνήντετο","lemma":"συνάντομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met with","note":"Middle-voice συνάντομαι, \"came together with\" — reciprocal encounter."},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b21-l32","source":"τὸ πρὶν μέν ῥʼ ἐφόρει μέγας Εὔρυτος, αὐτὰρ ὁ παιδὶ","translation":"which great Eurytus had carried before; but to his son","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφόρει","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφόρει","lemma":"ἐφοράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αὐτὰρ","gloss":"carried","note":"ἐφόρει (from φορέω), iterative imperfect: \"used to carry\" habitually."},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὔρυτος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Εὔρυτος","lemma":"Εὔρυτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"Eurytus","note":"Eurytus, famed archer of Oechalia, father of Iphitus — a mythic bow lineage."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάλλιπ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάλλιπ᾽","gloss":"to his son"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b21-l33","source":"κάλλιπʼ ἀποθνῄσκων ἐν δώμασιν ὑψηλοῖσι.","translation":"he left it when he died in his lofty halls.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάλλιπ","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing αὐτὰρ","gloss":"left behind"},{"surface":"ἀποθνῄσκων","lemma":"ἀποθνήσκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάλλιπ᾽","gloss":"dying","note":"Present participle ἀποθνῄσκων, \"while dying\" — action simultaneous with κάλλιπ'."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δώμασιν","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖσι","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώμασιν","gloss":"lofty"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b21-l34","source":"τῷ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ξίφος ὀξὺ καὶ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἔδωκεν,","translation":"To him Odysseus gave a sharp sword and a strong spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλκιμον","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave","note":"Sigmatic aorist ἔδωκεν of δίδωμι — a gift exchange marking guest-friendship (xenia)."}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b21-l35","source":"ἀρχὴν ξεινοσύνης προσκηδέος· οὐδὲ τραπέζῃ","translation":"the beginning of a heartfelt guest-friendship; yet at the table","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχὴν","lemma":"ἀρχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"ξεινοσύνης","lemma":"ξενοσύνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὴν","gloss":"guest-friendship","note":"ξεινοσύνη, \"guest-friendship\" (xenia) — the sacred bond of host and guest."},{"surface":"προσκηδέος","lemma":"προσκηδής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ξεινοσύνης","gloss":"heartfelt"},{"surface":"τραπέζῃ","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γνώτην","gloss":"table","note":"Dative of place/circumstance: \"at the table\" — no preposition needed in epic Greek."}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b21-l36","source":"γνώτην ἀλλήλων· πρὶν γὰρ Διὸς υἱὸς ἔπεφνεν","translation":"they never came to know each other, for first the son of Zeus killed","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνώτην","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came to know","note":"γνώτην is a rare dual form: \"the two of them came to know [each other].\""},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of γνώτην","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπεφνεν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπεφνεν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἔπεφνεν","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed","note":"ἔπεφνεν, from defective root θείνω \"to slay\" — poetic aorist used only in epic."}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b21-l37","source":"Ἴφιτον Εὐρυτίδην, ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοισιν,","translation":"Iphitus, son of Eurytus, a man like the immortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴφιτον","lemma":"Ἴφιτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπεφνεν","gloss":"Iphitus"},{"surface":"Εὐρυτίδην","lemma":"Εὐρυτίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἴφιτον","gloss":"son of Eurytus"},{"surface":"ἐπιείκελον","lemma":"ἐπιείκελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἴφιτον","gloss":"like","note":"ἐπιείκελος ἀθανάτοισιν, \"like the immortals\" — a heroic epithet formula."},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπιείκελον","gloss":"the immortals"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b21-l38","source":"ὅς οἱ τόξον ἔδωκε. τὸ δʼ οὔ ποτε δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"who had given him the bow. But noble Odysseus never","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἴφιτον","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ᾑρεῖτ᾽","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never","note":"οὔ ποτε, emphatic \"not ever\" — split negative-adverb pairing common in Homer."},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ᾑρεῖτ᾽","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾑρεῖτ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b21-l39","source":"ἐρχόμενος πόλεμόνδε μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν","translation":"took it with him to war on his black ships;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχόμενος","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾑρεῖτ᾽","gloss":"going","note":"Participle modifying Odysseus, agreeing with the (unstated) subject of ᾑρεῖτ'."},{"surface":"πόλεμόνδε","lemma":"πόλεμόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐρχόμενος","gloss":"to war","note":"πόλεμόνδε: directional suffix -δε, \"to/toward war\" — no preposition needed."},{"surface":"μελαινάων","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b21-l40","source":"ᾑρεῖτʼ, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ μνῆμα ξείνοιο φίλοιο","translation":"rather it lay at home, a keepsake of a dear friend,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾑρεῖτ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up","note":"Imperfect middle ᾑρεῖτ' (αἱρέω): \"used to take\" — negated, so \"never used to take it up.\""},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέσκετ᾽","gloss":"there","note":"αὐτοῦ as adverb \"there, in that very place\" — distinct from the pronoun αὐτός."},{"surface":"μνῆμα","lemma":"μνῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"keepsake"},{"surface":"ξείνοιο","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μνῆμα","gloss":"of a guest"},{"surface":"φίλοιο","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξείνοιο","gloss":"dear"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b21-l41","source":"κέσκετʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι, φόρει δέ μιν ἧς ἐπὶ γαίης.","translation":"and he carried it only in his own land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέσκετ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay","note":"κέσκετ', an epic iterative imperfect of κεῖμαι formed with -σκ-: \"it used to lie.\""},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"φόρει","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φόρει","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός, the archaic possessive \"his/her own\" — reflexive, replaced later by ἴδιος."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b21-l42","source":"ἡ δʼ ὅτε δὴ θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο δῖα γυναικῶν","translation":"But when she came to that storeroom, that woman among women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l42.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δῖα γυναικῶν","title":"\"Noble among women\"","body":"A formulaic phrase of praise, literally \"divine of women,\" marking Penelope's distinction."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θάλαμον","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"storeroom"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies θάλαμον","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"divine","note":"δῖα γυναικῶν, \"divine among women\" — formulaic epithet for Penelope."},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of women"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b21-l43","source":"οὐδόν τε δρύϊνον προσεβήσετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων","translation":"and stepped onto the oaken threshold, which once a carpenter","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδόν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεβήσετο","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δρύϊνον","lemma":"δρύινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδόν","gloss":"oaken"},{"surface":"προσεβήσετο","lemma":"προσβαίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"stepped onto"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"τέκτων","lemma":"τέκτων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"carpenter","note":"τέκτων: skilled craftsman, here the builder who fashioned the storeroom's threshold."}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b21-l44","source":"ξέσσεν ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν,","translation":"had planed with skill and made straight to the line,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξέσσεν","lemma":"ξέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"planed"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένως","lemma":"ἐπισταμένως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξέσσεν","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"στάθμην","lemma":"στάθμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"chalk-line","note":"στάθμη: carpenter's line/plumb-line — vivid technical detail of craftsmanship."},{"surface":"ἴθυνεν","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"made straight"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b21-l45","source":"ἐν δὲ σταθμοὺς ἄρσε, θύρας δʼ ἐπέθηκε φαεινάς,","translation":"and fitted the doorposts in it, and set on the shining doors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σταθμοὺς","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄρσε","gloss":"doorposts"},{"surface":"ἄρσε","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"fitted","note":"ἄρσε (ἀραρίσκω), \"fitted, joined tightly\" — root of ἁρμονία, fitting together."},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέθηκε","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"set on"},{"surface":"φαεινάς","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b21-l46","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἄρʼ ἥ γʼ ἱμάντα θοῶς ἀπέλυσε κορώνης,","translation":"at once she swiftly loosed the strap from the handle,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέλυσε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἱμάντα","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέλυσε","gloss":"strap"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέλυσε","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ἀπέλυσε","lemma":"ἀπολύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"κορώνης","lemma":"κορώνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπέλυσε","gloss":"handle","note":"κορώνη: curved door-handle/ring — literally \"curved thing.\""}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b21-l47","source":"ἐν δὲ κληῗδʼ ἧκε, θυρέων δʼ ἀνέκοπτεν ὀχῆας","translation":"put in the key, and shot back the bolts of the doors,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κληῗδ","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"key"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"θυρέων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ὀχῆας","gloss":"of the doors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέκοπτεν","lemma":"ἀνακόπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shot back"},{"surface":"ὀχῆας","lemma":"ὀχεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέκοπτεν","gloss":"bolts"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b21-l48","source":"ἄντα τιτυσκομένη· τὰ δʼ ἀνέβραχεν ἠΰτε ταῦρος","translation":"aiming straight; and they bellowed like a bull","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τιτυσκομένη","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"τιτυσκομένη","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀνέκοπτεν","gloss":"aiming","note":"τιτυσκομένη, reduplicated present of a verb meaning \"aim,\" describing precise key-work at the lock."},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀνέβραχεν","gloss":"they (the doors)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέβραχεν","lemma":"ἀνέβραχε","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bellowed","note":"ἀνέβραχεν, onomatopoeic epic verb \"roared/creaked loudly\" — vivid sound simile."},{"surface":"ἠΰτε","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ταῦρος","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"bull"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b21-l49","source":"βοσκόμενος λειμῶνι· τόσʼ ἔβραχε καλὰ θύρετρα","translation":"grazing in a meadow; so loud bellowed the fair doors","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοσκόμενος","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"grazing"},{"surface":"λειμῶνι","lemma":"λειμών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βοσκόμενος","gloss":"in a meadow"},{"surface":"τόσ","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβραχε","gloss":"so loud"},{"surface":"ἔβραχε","lemma":"βράσσω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bellowed","note":"ἔβραχε: perfect with present sense, \"cried out\" — epic verb of loud noise, echoing l48."},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies θύρετρα","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"θύρετρα","lemma":"θύρετρα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔβραχε","gloss":"doors"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b21-l50","source":"πληγέντα κληΐδι, πετάσθησαν δέ οἱ ὦκα.","translation":"struck by the key, and they swung swiftly open for her.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πληγέντα","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"κληΐδι","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πληγέντα","gloss":"by the key"},{"surface":"πετάσθησαν","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swung open","note":"Passive aorist πετάσθησαν, \"were spread/thrown open\" — vivid dramatic action."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πετάσθησαν","gloss":"for her"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πετάσθησαν","gloss":"swiftly"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b21-l51","source":"ἡ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῆς σανίδος βῆ· ἔνθα δὲ χηλοὶ","translation":"She stepped onto the high platform, where the chests","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"ὑψηλῆς","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σανίδος","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"σανίδος","lemma":"σανίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφ᾽","gloss":"platform","note":"σανίς: a raised wooden board/step, here elevating the chests off the floor."},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χηλοὶ","lemma":"χηλός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"chests"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b21-l52","source":"ἕστασαν, ἐν δʼ ἄρα τῇσι θυώδεα εἵματʼ ἔκειτο.","translation":"stood, and in them lay fragrant garments.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"ἕστασαν: pluperfect of ἵστημι used with present-stative force, \"stood [there].\""},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τῇσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"them (the chests)"},{"surface":"θυώδεα","lemma":"θυώδης","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματ᾽","gloss":"fragrant"},{"surface":"εἵματ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκειτο","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b21-l53","source":"ἔνθεν ὀρεξαμένη ἀπὸ πασσάλου αἴνυτο τόξον","translation":"Reaching from there, she took the bow down from its peg,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὀρεξαμένη","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ὀρεξαμένη","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to αἴνυτο","gloss":"reaching","note":"Aorist middle participle ὀρεξαμένη, \"stretching out [her hand]\" — vivid physical gesture."},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πασσάλου","lemma":"πάσσαλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"peg"},{"surface":"αἴνυτο","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of αἴνυτο","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b21-l54","source":"αὐτῷ γωρυτῷ, ὅς οἱ περίκειτο φαεινός.","translation":"together with the shining case that lay around it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"itself, together with","note":"αὐτῷ γωρυτῷ, dative of accompaniment: \"case and all\" — bow taken with its cover intact."},{"surface":"γωρυτῷ","lemma":"γωρυτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to αἴνυτο","gloss":"case"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of περίκειτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περίκειτο","gloss":"it (the bow)"},{"surface":"περίκειτο","lemma":"περίκειμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γωρυτῷ","gloss":"lay around"},{"surface":"φαεινός","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"shining"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b21-l55","source":"ἑζομένη δὲ κατʼ αὖθι, φίλοις ἐπὶ γούνασι θεῖσα,","translation":"Sitting down right there, she laid it on her knees,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑζομένη","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"sitting down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑζομένη","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"φίλοις","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γούνασι","gloss":"her own","note":"φίλος here means \"one's own\" (of body parts), not \"dear\" — common Homeric usage."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"γούνασι","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"θεῖσα","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having set","note":"Aorist participle θεῖσα (τίθημι): \"having placed [it]\" — precedes her weeping."}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b21-l56","source":"κλαῖε μάλα λιγέως, ἐκ δʼ ᾕρεε τόξον ἄνακτος.","translation":"and wept shrill and loud, and drew her lord's bow from its case.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖε","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"λιγέως","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαῖε","gloss":"shrilly","note":"λιγέως, \"clear and piercing\" — the same adjective epic poets use for singers' voices."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾕρεε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew out","note":"ᾕρεε, uncontracted imperfect of αἱρέω: \"was taking [it] out\" of its case."},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ᾕρεε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"of her lord"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b21-l57","source":"ἡ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν τάρφθη πολυδακρύτοιο γόοιο,","translation":"But when she had had her fill of tearful lament,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τάρφθη","title":"Aorist passive of \"to have one's fill\"","body":"τάρφθη is an aorist passive—\"she was satisfied / had her fill\" of weeping, a common idiom for a person emptied of an emotion before acting."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to τάρφθη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τάρφθη","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had had her fill","note":"Passive τάρφθη (τέρπω), \"was satisfied/had her fill\" — governs genitive γόοιο, \"of weeping.\""},{"surface":"πολυδακρύτοιο","lemma":"πολυδάκρυτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιο","gloss":"much-wept"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τάρφθη","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b21-l58","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεναι μέγαρόνδε μετὰ μνηστῆρας ἀγαυοὺς","translation":"she made her way to the hall, among the lordly suitors,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she went","note":"Aorist βῆ, epic 'went' formula opening the line."},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go","note":"Epic infinitive εἶμι used almost adverbially after βῆ (went to go = 'made her way')."},{"surface":"μέγαρόνδε","lemma":"μέγαρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to the hall","note":"-δε suffix marks motion 'toward'; μέγαρον+δε = 'hall-ward'."},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοὺς","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"lordly","note":"Formulaic epithet 'lordly suitors' recurs often in the poem."}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b21-l59","source":"τόξον ἔχουσʼ ἐν χειρὶ παλίντονον ἠδὲ φαρέτρην","translation":"holding in her hand the back-bent bow and the quiver,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἔχουσ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"παλίντονον","lemma":"παλίντονος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"back-bent","note":"παλίντονος 'bent back on itself' describes the recurved hunting bow's shape."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαρέτρην","lemma":"φαρέτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"quiver"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b21-l60","source":"ἰοδόκον· πολλοὶ δʼ ἔνεσαν στονόεντες ὀϊστοί.","translation":"the arrow-holder; and many groaning shafts were within it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰοδόκον","lemma":"ἰοδόκος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φαρέτρην","gloss":"arrow-holding","note":"Compound adjective ἰοδόκος 'arrow-receiving' modifies the quiver."},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστοί","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνεσαν","lemma":"ἐνέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were within","note":"ἔνεσαν 'lay inside' — the shafts were held within the quiver."},{"surface":"στονόεντες","lemma":"στονόεις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστοί","gloss":"groaning","note":"στονόεις 'causing groans' — a stock epithet for deadly arrows."},{"surface":"ὀϊστοί","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνεσαν","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b21-l61","source":"τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἅμʼ ἀμφίπολοι φέρον ὄγκιον, ἔνθα σίδηρος","translation":"Along with her the maids carried a chest, where iron","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"with her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἀμφίπολοι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ὄγκιον","lemma":"ὄγκιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"chest","note":"ὄγκιον, a rare word for a storage chest, found almost only here in Homer."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"σίδηρος","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b21-l62","source":"κεῖτο πολὺς καὶ χαλκός, ἀέθλια τοῖο ἄνακτος.","translation":"lay in plenty, and bronze, the prizes of that lord.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὄγκιον","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρος","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"ἀέθλια","lemma":"ἀέθλιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"prizes","note":"ἀέθλια 'contest prizes' — the iron/bronze are the trophies for the bow contest."},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"that","note":"Epic genitive τοῖο for τοῦ, an archaic form preserved by meter."},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέθλια","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b21-l63","source":"ἡ δʼ ὅτε δὴ μνηστῆρας ἀφίκετο δῖα γυναικῶν,","translation":"And when she reached the suitors, that woman among women,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"divine","note":"δῖα γυναικῶν 'shining among women' is a fixed heroic-epithet formula for Penelope."},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b21-l64","source":"στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,","translation":"she stood beside the doorpost of the well-built roof,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"σταθμὸν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"doorpost"},{"surface":"τέγεος","lemma":"τέγος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σταθμὸν","gloss":"of the roof"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιητοῖο","gloss":"firmly","note":"πύκα 'closely, snugly' modifies ποιητοῖο, describing tightly-built construction."},{"surface":"ποιητοῖο","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέγεος","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b21-l65","source":"ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα.","translation":"holding her shining veil before her cheeks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"παρειάων","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄντα","gloss":"cheeks"},{"surface":"σχομένη","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"holding","note":"Middle participle σχομένη 'holding for herself' — she draws the veil to her own face."},{"surface":"λιπαρὰ","lemma":"λιπαρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρήδεμνα","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"κρήδεμνα","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σχομένη","gloss":"veil","note":"κρήδεμνον, the modesty veil a respectable woman draws before men outside her family."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b21-l66","source":"ἀμφίπολος δʼ ἄρα οἱ κεδνὴ ἑκάτερθε παρέστη.","translation":"and a trusty handmaid stood on either side of her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφίπολος","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of παρέστη","gloss":"handmaid"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of παρέστη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"κεδνὴ","lemma":"κεδνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολος","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθε","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέστη","gloss":"on each side"},{"surface":"παρέστη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood beside"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b21-l67","source":"αὐτίκα δὲ μνηστῆρσι μετηύδα καὶ φάτο μῦθον·","translation":"At once she addressed the suitors and spoke her word:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"to the suitors"},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"φάτο μῦθον 'spoke a word' pairs with μετηύδα as a common speech-introduction doublet."},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b21-l68","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες, οἳ τόδε\n                     δῶμα","translation":"\"Hear me, you lordly suitors, who have set upon this house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυτε, perfect-stem imperative 'hear!' — the standard Homeric call for attention before a speech."},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγήνορες","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"lordly"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐχράετ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐχράετ᾽","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b21-l69","source":"ἐχράετʼ ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν ἐμμενὲς αἰεὶ","translation":"to eat and drink without ceasing, always,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐχράετ","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστῆρες","gloss":"have set upon","note":"χράω here 'press upon, importune' — the suitors have imposed themselves on the household."},{"surface":"ἐσθιέμεν","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to eat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πινέμεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to drink"},{"surface":"ἐμμενὲς","lemma":"ἐμμενής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"continually"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b21-l70","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἀποιχομένοιο πολὺν χρόνον· οὐδέ τινʼ ἄλλην","translation":"while its master is long gone; and no other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποιχομένοιο","gloss":"of the man"},{"surface":"ἀποιχομένοιο","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχράετ᾽","gloss":"being away","note":"Genitive absolute construction: 'the man being away' = 'while its master is gone'."},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀποιχομένοιο","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἐπισχεσίην","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἄλλην","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπισχεσίην","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b21-l71","source":"μύθου ποιήσασθαι ἐπισχεσίην ἐδύνασθε,","translation":"pretext for your conduct could you make,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύθου","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐπισχεσίην","gloss":"of a story"},{"surface":"ποιήσασθαι","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐδύνασθε","gloss":"to make"},{"surface":"ἐπισχεσίην","lemma":"ἐπισχεσία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποιήσασθαι","gloss":"pretext","note":"ἐπισχεσίη, a rare abstract noun 'excuse/pretext,' nearly unique to this passage."},{"surface":"ἐδύνασθε","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b21-l72","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ ἱέμενοι γῆμαι θέσθαι τε γυναῖκα.","translation":"but only your wish to marry me and take me for your wife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἱέμενοι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wishing","note":"Middle participle ἱέμενοι 'eagerly desiring,' governing the infinitives that follow."},{"surface":"γῆμαι","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to marry"},{"surface":"θέσθαι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to make"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκα","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"complement of θέσθαι","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b21-l73","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετε, μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ τόδε φαίνετʼ ἄεθλον.","translation":"Come then, suitors, since this is shown to be your contest.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ἄγετε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγετε 'come on!' plural imperative, a standard rallying-cry opener."},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of φαίνετ᾽","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φαίνετ","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is shown"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"contest"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b21-l74","source":"θήσω γὰρ μέγα τόξον Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο·","translation":"I will set out the great bow of godlike Odysseus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θήσω","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will set","note":"Future θήσω, Penelope announcing the bow contest she will stage."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θήσω","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεῖος 'godlike' is a formulaic epithet regularly paired with Odysseus's name."}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b21-l75","source":"ὃς δέ κε ῥηΐτατʼ ἐντανύσῃ βιὸν ἐν παλάμῃσι","translation":"and whoever most easily strings the bow in his hands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l75.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐντανύσῃ","title":"Aorist subjunctive in a relative clause","body":"ἐντανύσῃ is aorist subjunctive in a future-conditional relative clause (with κε): \"whoever shall string it.\" The construction sets the terms of the contest."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"ῥηΐτατ","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐντανύσῃ","gloss":"most easily","note":"Superlative ῥηΐτατα 'most easily,' adverbial neuter plural, stresses the contest's difficulty."},{"surface":"ἐντανύσῃ","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"strings"},{"surface":"βιὸν","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐντανύσῃ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσι","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b21-l76","source":"καὶ διοϊστεύσῃ πελέκεων δυοκαίδεκα πάντων,","translation":"and shoots an arrow through all twelve axes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διοϊστεύσῃ","lemma":"διοιστεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"shoots through","note":"διοϊστεύω 'shoot an arrow clean through' — the famous axe-heads feat."},{"surface":"πελέκεων","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of διοϊστεύσῃ","gloss":"axes"},{"surface":"δυοκαίδεκα","lemma":"δυοκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies πελέκεων","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πελέκεων","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b21-l77","source":"τῷ κεν ἅμʼ ἑσποίμην, νοσφισσαμένη τόδε δῶμα","translation":"him I will follow, leaving behind this house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"-ever"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἑσποίμην","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would follow","note":"Optative ἑσποίμην expresses her hypothetical future wish/intent."},{"surface":"νοσφισσαμένη","lemma":"νοσφίζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἑσποίμην","gloss":"leaving behind"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of νοσφισσαμένη","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b21-l78","source":"κουρίδιον, μάλα καλόν, ἐνίπλειον βιότοιο,","translation":"my wedded home, so fair, so full of livelihood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κουρίδιον","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"bridal"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ἐνίπλειον","lemma":"ἔμπλεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"full of"},{"surface":"βιότοιο","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνίπλειον","gloss":"livelihood"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b21-l79","source":"τοῦ ποτὲ μεμνήσεσθαι ὀΐομαι ἔν περ ὀνείρῳ.","translation":"which I think I shall remember even in my dreams.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of μεμνήσεσθαι","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"ποτὲ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to μεμνήσεσθαι","gloss":"someday"},{"surface":"μεμνήσεσθαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐομαι","gloss":"to remember","note":"Future perfect infinitive μεμνήσεσθαι stresses a lasting memory, not a momentary one."},{"surface":"ὀΐομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὀνείρῳ","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔν","gloss":"a dream"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b21-l80","source":"ὣς φάτο, καί ῥʼ Εὔμαιον ἀνώγει, δῖον ὑφορβόν,","translation":"So she spoke, and bade Eumaeus, the noble swineherd,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιον","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade","note":"ἄνωγα, a defective perfect used with present force 'command,' common Homeric verb."},{"surface":"δῖον","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβόν","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὑφορβόν","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b21-l81","source":"τόξον μνηστήρεσσι θέμεν πολιόν τε σίδηρον.","translation":"to set the bow and the gray iron before the suitors.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θέμεν","gloss":"to the suitors"},{"surface":"θέμεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to set","note":"Epic infinitive θέμεν (for θεῖναι), object of ἀνώγει, 'bade him set down.'"},{"surface":"πολιόν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρον","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίδηρον","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"iron"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b21-l82","source":"δακρύσας δʼ Εὔμαιος ἐδέξατο καὶ κατέθηκε·","translation":"Weeping, Eumaeus took them and laid them down;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δακρύσας","lemma":"δακρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιος","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατέθηκε","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid down"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b21-l83","source":"κλαῖε δὲ βουκόλος ἄλλοθʼ, ἐπεὶ ἴδε τόξον ἄνακτος.","translation":"and the herdsman too wept apart, when he saw his lord's bow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖε","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wept"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βουκόλος","lemma":"βουκόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κλαῖε","gloss":"herdsman","note":"βουκόλος, the cowherd Philoetius, weeping alongside Eumaeus in sympathy for Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἄλλοθ","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαῖε","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"of his lord"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b21-l84","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"But Antinous rebuked them and spoke out, calling them by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπεν","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"Tmesis: ἔκ...ὀνόμαζε splits the compound verb ἐξονομάζω 'call by name' around τε, a common epic device."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b21-l85","source":"νήπιοι ἀγροιῶται, ἐφημέρια φρονέοντες,","translation":"\"You foolish bumpkins, thinking only of the day,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιοι","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fools","note":"νήπιοι, a stock rebuke opening a speech, marking the speaker's contempt before insulting them further."},{"surface":"ἀγροιῶται","lemma":"ἀγροιώτης","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"bumpkins"},{"surface":"ἐφημέρια","lemma":"ἐφημέριος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέοντες","gloss":"things of a day","note":"ἐφημέριος 'lasting only a day' — a favorite Homeric image for short-sighted mortal thinking."},{"surface":"φρονέοντες","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"thinking"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b21-l86","source":"ἆ δειλώ, τί νυ δάκρυ κατείβετον ἠδὲ γυναικὶ","translation":"ah, you wretches, why now do you let tears fall, and stir","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l86.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κατείβετον, ὀρίνετον","title":"Dual verb forms","body":"κατείβετον and ὀρίνετον are 2nd-person dual verbs, addressing the two weeping herdsmen specifically."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"δειλώ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative dual masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you two wretches","note":"Dual vocative addressing two listeners at once, a form English lacks entirely."},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"νυ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατείβετον","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"κατείβετον","lemma":"κατείβω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall","note":"Dual verb ending -τον marks 'you two' acting together, matching δειλώ above."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικὶ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρίνετον","gloss":"the woman's"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b21-l87","source":"θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὀρίνετον; ᾗ τε καὶ ἄλλως","translation":"the heart in the woman's breast? Her spirit even without this","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρίνετον","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ὀρίνετον","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stir","note":"Second of a matched pair of dual verbs (κατείβετον...ὀρίνετον) framing the two-person address."},{"surface":"ᾗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b21-l88","source":"κεῖται ἐν ἄλγεσι θυμός, ἐπεὶ φίλον ὤλεσʼ ἀκοίτην.","translation":"lies sunk in grief, since she has lost her dear husband.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"lies sunk"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἄλγεσι","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀκοίτην","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ὤλεσ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"she lost"},{"surface":"ἀκοίτην","lemma":"ἀκοίτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤλεσ᾽","gloss":"husband"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b21-l89","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκέων δαίνυσθε καθήμενοι, ἠὲ θύραζε","translation":"Sit and feast in silence, or go outside","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to καθήμενοι","gloss":"in silence","note":"Nominative adjective ἀκέων used adverbially, describing the manner of the men's feasting."},{"surface":"δαίνυσθε","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"καθήμενοι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνυσθε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξελθόντε","gloss":"outside"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b21-l90","source":"κλαίετον ἐξελθόντε, κατʼ αὐτόθι τόξα λιπόντε,","translation":"to weep, and leave the bow here where it lies,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαίετον","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weep","note":"Another dual imperative (-ετον), still addressing the two weeping suitors as a pair."},{"surface":"ἐξελθόντε","lemma":"ἐξέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having gone out"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιπόντε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λιπόντε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"λιπόντε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"leaving"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b21-l91","source":"μνηστήρεσσιν ἄεθλον ἀάατον· οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω","translation":"a contest the suitors cannot fail of; for I do not think","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a contest"},{"surface":"ἀάατον","lemma":"ἀάατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"none may fail","note":"ἀάατος 'not to be missed/harmed' is a rare epic epithet marking the bow-contest as fateful."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b21-l92","source":"ῥηϊδίως τόδε τόξον ἐΰξοον ἐντανύεσθαι.","translation":"this polished bow will easily be strung.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐντανύεσθαι","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐντανύεσθαι","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἐΰξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"well-polished","note":"Compound epithet εὔξοος, a stock Homeric ornament for the bow at the heart of the contest."},{"surface":"ἐντανύεσθαι","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"be strung"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b21-l93","source":"οὐ γάρ τις μέτα τοῖος ἀνὴρ ἐν τοίσδεσι πᾶσιν","translation":"For there is no such man among all of us here","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μέτα","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοίσδεσι","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοίσδεσι","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b21-l94","source":"οἷος Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔσκεν· ἐγὼ δέ μιν αὐτὸς ὄπωπα,","translation":"as Odysseus was; and I myself saw him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσκεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔσκεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοῖος","gloss":"was","note":"ἔσκεν is an iterative/habitual imperfect form of εἰμί, common in epic for recurring past states."},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄπωπα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ὄπωπα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have seen","note":"Perfect ὄπωπα stresses the lasting force of an eyewitness memory, not just a past glimpse."}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b21-l95","source":"καὶ γὰρ μνήμων εἰμί, πάϊς δʼ ἔτι νήπιος ἦα.","translation":"for I remember it, though I was still a little child.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνήμων","lemma":"μνήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"one who remembers"},{"surface":"εἰμί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a child"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦα","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"ἦα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was","note":"ἦα, an epic first-person imperfect of εἰμί alongside the more common ἦν."}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b21-l96","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐώλπει","translation":"So he spoke, but in his breast his heart was hoping","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐώλπει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἐώλπει","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was hoping","note":"Pluperfect ἐώλπει (from ἔλπω) expresses a settled state of hope built up before this moment."}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b21-l97","source":"νευρὴν ἐντανύσειν διοϊστεύσειν τε σιδήρου.","translation":"that he would string the bowstring and shoot through the iron.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νευρὴν","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐντανύσειν","gloss":"bowstring"},{"surface":"ἐντανύσειν","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"would string"},{"surface":"διοϊστεύσειν","lemma":"διοιστεύω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"would shoot through"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σιδήρου","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διοϊστεύσειν","gloss":"the iron"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b21-l98","source":"ἦ τοι ὀϊστοῦ γε πρῶτος γεύσεσθαι ἔμελλεν","translation":"Yet he was to be the first to taste of an arrow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὀϊστοῦ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of γεύσεσθαι","gloss":"of an arrow"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γεύσεσθαι","lemma":"γεύω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"to taste","note":"Grim dramatic irony: 'taste of an arrow' foreshadows Antinous's death by Odysseus's shot."},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was destined"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b21-l99","source":"ἐκ χειρῶν Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ὃν τότʼ ἀτίμα","translation":"from the hands of blameless Odysseus, whom he was then dishonoring,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"blameless","note":"ἀμύμων is Odysseus's standard formulaic epithet, used here just before he takes his revenge."},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀτίμα","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀτίμα","lemma":"ἀτιμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"was dishonoring"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b21-l100","source":"ἥμενος ἐν μεγάροις, ἐπὶ δʼ ὤρνυε πάντας ἑταίρους.","translation":"sitting in the halls, and was urging on all his comrades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀτίμα","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤρνυε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"was urging on"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὤρνυε","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b21-l101","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειφʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο·","translation":"Then among them spoke the hallowed strength of Telemachus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l101.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο","title":"\"The hallowed strength of Telemachus\"","body":"A periphrasis (\"the sacred might of Telemachus\") standing for Telemachus himself; the genitive Τηλεμάχοιο is the Homeric -οιο ending."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειφ","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"},{"surface":"ἱερὴ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"hallowed"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"strength","note":"'Hallowed strength of Telemachus' is a periphrastic epic formula standing in for his name."},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of Telemachus"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b21-l102","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα με Ζεὺς ἄφρονα θῆκε Κρονίων·","translation":"\"Well now, surely Zeus son of Cronos has made me witless;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"now","note":"πόποι is a stock exclamation of surprise/exasperation, often paired with ὢ in Homer."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄφρονα","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of θῆκε","gloss":"witless"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has made"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"son of Cronos"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b21-l103","source":"μήτηρ μέν μοί φησι φίλη, πινυτή περ ἐοῦσα,","translation":"my dear mother says—wise though she is—","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φησι","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φησι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"φησι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"says"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πινυτή","lemma":"πινυτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though","note":"περ concessive particle: 'wise though she is' — a common Homeric way to grant a concession."},{"surface":"ἐοῦσα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to φησι","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b21-l104","source":"ἄλλῳ ἅμʼ ἕψεσθαι νοσφισσαμένη τόδε δῶμα·","translation":"that she will follow another and leave this house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἅμ᾽","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἕψεσθαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φησι","gloss":"will follow"},{"surface":"νοσφισσαμένη","lemma":"νοσφίζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἕψεσθαι","gloss":"forsaking"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of νοσφισσαμένη","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b21-l105","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ γελόω καὶ τέρπομαι ἄφρονι θυμῷ.","translation":"yet I laugh and take pleasure with a senseless heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γελόω","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laugh","note":"γελόω is subjunctive in form though translated as indicative — a Homeric deliberative/generalizing nuance."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέρπομαι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take pleasure"},{"surface":"ἄφρονι","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"senseless"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέρπομαι","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b21-l106","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετε, μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ τόδε φαίνετʼ ἄεθλον,","translation":"But come, suitors, since this is shown to be your contest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come","note":"ἄγε(τε) is a frozen imperative interjection ('come now'), grammaticalized as an adverb of exhortation."},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φαίνετ","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is shown to be"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the contest"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b21-l107","source":"οἵη νῦν οὐκ ἔστι γυνὴ κατʼ Ἀχαιΐδα γαῖαν,","translation":"for a woman whose like there is not now in the land of Achaea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵη","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"a woman"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιΐδα","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"Achaean"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ᾽","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b21-l108","source":"οὔτε Πύλου ἱερῆς οὔτʼ Ἄργεος οὔτε Μυκήνης·","translation":"neither in sacred Pylos nor in Argos nor in Mycenae,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"Πύλου","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to οὔ","gloss":"in Pylos"},{"surface":"ἱερῆς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλου","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to οὔ","gloss":"in Argos"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Μυκήνης","lemma":"Μυκήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to οὔ","gloss":"in Mycenae"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b21-l109","source":"οὔτʼ αὐτῆς Ἰθάκης οὔτʼ ἠπείροιο μελαίνης·","translation":"nor in Ithaca itself nor on the dark mainland.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies Ἰθάκης","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"Ithaca","note":"Genitive of place ('in Ithaca'); continues the bare locatival genitives of place-names (Πύλου, Ἄργεος, Μυκήνης) begun in the preceding (untranslated) lines, not included here. Not grammatically governed by a specific word."},{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἠπείροιο","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mainland"},{"surface":"μελαίνης","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠπείροιο","gloss":"dark, black"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b21-l110","source":"καὶ δʼ αὐτοὶ τόδε γʼ ἴστε· τί με χρὴ μητέρος αἴνου;","translation":"And you yourselves know this; what need have I to praise my mother?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δʼ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"moreover"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴστε","gloss":"yourselves"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴστε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γʼ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἴστε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you know","note":"Perfect tense of οἶδα functions as a present, 'you know.'"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"me (Telemachus)"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is there need, must","note":"Impersonal construction: 'τί με χρή + gen.' = 'what need have I of ___.'"},{"surface":"μητέρος","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies αἴνου","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"αἴνου","lemma":"αἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"praise"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b21-l111","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μὴ μύνῃσι παρέλκετε μηδʼ ἔτι τόξου","translation":"But come, do not put it off with excuses, nor any longer","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλʼ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!","note":"Frozen imperative of ἄγω used as an exhortatory interjection, 'come now.'"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to παρέλκετε","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"μύνῃσι","lemma":"μύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρέλκετε","gloss":"with excuses"},{"surface":"παρέλκετε","lemma":"παρέλκω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"delay, put off"},{"surface":"μηδʼ","lemma":"μηδέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποτρωπᾶσθε","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τανυστύος","gloss":"bow","note":"Genitive modifies τανυστύος in the next line, 'the bow's stringing'; ἀποτρωπᾶσθε there governs the whole phrase."}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b21-l112","source":"δηρὸν ἀποτρωπᾶσθε τανυστύος, ὄφρα ἴδωμεν.","translation":"shrink back from the stringing of the bow, so that we may see.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l112.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τανυστύος","title":"the stringing","body":"A rare verbal noun from tanuō, 'to stretch,' naming the very act of drawing the bowstring taut — the whole contest hangs on it."}],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποτρωπᾶσθε","gloss":"any longer, for a long time"},{"surface":"ἀποτρωπᾶσθε","lemma":"ἀποτρωπάω","morphology":"present middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shrink back, turn away"},{"surface":"τανυστύος","lemma":"τανυστύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποτρωπᾶσθε","gloss":"stringing"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδωμεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we may see"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b21-l113","source":"καὶ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἐγὼ τοῦ τόξου πειρησαίμην·","translation":"And indeed I myself would make a trial of this bow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l113.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πειρησαίμην","title":"Optative of wish/potential","body":"The aorist optative with ke marks a tentative, potential action — 'I would try.' It softens Telemachus' boast into something hypothetical."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"Modal particle (=ἄν) that combines with the optative πειρησαίμην to express potential 'would.'"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἐγὼ","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρησαίμην","gloss":"I (Telemachus)"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τόξου","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πειρησαίμην","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"πειρησαίμην","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would make trial, would attempt"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b21-l114","source":"εἰ δέ κεν ἐντανύσω διοϊστεύσω τε σιδήρου,","translation":"If I should string it and shoot through the iron,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"should","note":"Modal particle combining with εἰ and the subjunctive to mark a future conditional, 'if I should.'"},{"surface":"ἐντανύσω","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I should string"},{"surface":"διοϊστεύσω","lemma":"διοϊστεύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shoot through"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σιδήρου","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διοϊστεύσω","gloss":"the iron"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b21-l115","source":"οὔ κέ μοι ἀχνυμένῳ τάδε δώματα πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"then my lady mother would not, to my grief, leave this house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λείποι","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to λείποι","gloss":"me, to my"},{"surface":"ἀχνυμένῳ","lemma":"ἄχνυμαι","morphology":"present middle participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies μοι","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λείποι","gloss":"house, halls"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"lady, honored"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λείποι","gloss":"mother","note":"λείποι, the main verb ('would leave'), is the first word of the next line."}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b21-l116","source":"λείποι ἅμʼ ἄλλῳ ἰοῦσʼ, ὅτʼ ἐγὼ κατόπισθε λιποίμην","translation":"going off with another, while I am left behind here,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l116.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λείποι ... λιποίμην","title":"Mixed condition (more-vivid protasis, optative apodosis)","body":"This is a mixed condition: the protasis at b21-l114 uses εἰ + κεν + aorist subjunctive (future-more-vivid type), while the apodosis here has optatives (λείποι, λιποίμην). A true future-less-vivid would require εἰ + optative in the protasis as well. Homer freely combines protasis and apodosis types in such mixed Homeric conditionals."}],"words":[{"surface":"λείποι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would leave"},{"surface":"ἅμʼ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅμʼ","gloss":"another (man)"},{"surface":"ἰοῦσʼ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going, departing"},{"surface":"ὅτʼ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while, when"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λιποίμην","gloss":"I (Telemachus)"},{"surface":"κατόπισθε","lemma":"κατόπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λιποίμην","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"λιποίμην","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am left, remain behind"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b21-l117","source":"οἷός τʼ ἤδη πατρὸς ἀέθλια κάλʼ ἀνελέσθαι.","translation":"already able to carry off my father's splendid prizes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷός","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as, able"},{"surface":"τʼ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"able to","note":"'οἷός τε' is a fixed idiom meaning 'able to,' referring back to ἐγὼ several lines earlier."},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνελέσθαι","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέθλια","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ἀέθλια","lemma":"ἄεθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνελέσθαι","gloss":"prizes"},{"surface":"κάλʼ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀέθλια","gloss":"fine, splendid"},{"surface":"ἀνελέσθαι","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"complement of οἷός","gloss":"to take up, carry off"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b21-l118","source":"ἦ καὶ ἀπʼ ὤμοιϊν χλαῖναν θέτο φοινικόεσσαν","translation":"He spoke, and threw off from his shoulders his crimson cloak,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἦ here is the verb 'he said' (from ἠμί), easily confused with the particle ἦ 'indeed' seen elsewhere in this batch."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὤμοιϊν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive dual masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπ᾽","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw off"},{"surface":"φοινικόεσσαν","lemma":"φοινικόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαῖναν","gloss":"crimson"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b21-l119","source":"ὀρθὸς ἀναΐξας, ἀπὸ δὲ ξίφος ὀξὺ θέτʼ ὤμων.","translation":"springing up straight, and took the sharp sword from his shoulders.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρθὸς","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξας","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θέτο","gloss":"springing up"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέτ᾽","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"θέτ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took off"},{"surface":"ὤμων","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b21-l120","source":"πρῶτον μὲν πελέκεας στῆσεν, διὰ τάφρον ὀρύξας","translation":"First he set up the axes, digging one long trench for them all,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στῆσεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πελέκεας","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of στῆσεν","gloss":"axes"},{"surface":"στῆσεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set up"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"τάφρον","lemma":"τάφρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρύξας","gloss":"a trench"},{"surface":"ὀρύξας","lemma":"ὀρύσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆσεν","gloss":"digging"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b21-l121","source":"πᾶσι μίαν μακρήν, καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν,","translation":"and made them straight to the line, and stamped the earth firm around them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὀρύξας","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"μίαν","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τάφρον","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μακρήν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τάφρον","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"στάθμην","lemma":"στάθμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the line","note":"στάθμη 'chalk-line' shows Odysseus's carpenter-like precision, echoing his known craftsmanship."},{"surface":"ἴθυνεν","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made straight"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b21-l122","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ γαῖαν ἔναξε· τάφος δʼ ἕλε πάντας ἰδόντας,","translation":"Astonishment seized all who watched,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔναξε","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔναξε","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἔναξε","lemma":"νάσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stamped firm"},{"surface":"τάφος","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"astonishment"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰδόντας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἰδόντας","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"who watched"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b21-l123","source":"ὡς εὐκόσμως στῆσε· πάρος δʼ οὐ πώ ποτʼ ὀπώπει.","translation":"how orderly he set them up, though he had never seen it done before.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"εὐκόσμως","lemma":"εὔκοσμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στῆσε","gloss":"orderly"},{"surface":"στῆσε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"he set up"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀπώπει","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὀπώπει","gloss":"ever yet"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ὀπώπει","gloss":"at any time"},{"surface":"ὀπώπει","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had seen","note":"Pluperfect ὀπώπει (from ὁράω) marks a negated prior experience: 'he had never before seen it done.'"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b21-l124","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰὼν καὶ τόξου πειρήτιζε.","translation":"Then he went and stood on the threshold and made trial of the bow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"aorist ἵστημι, intransitive 'took his stand'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on/at"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"going","note":"εἶμι participle, epic present used for simple 'going'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πειρήτιζε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"πειρήτιζε","lemma":"πειρητίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made trial of","note":"formulaic repeated verse (=l149), marks ritual testing of the bow"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b21-l125","source":"τρὶς μέν μιν πελέμιξεν ἐρύσσεσθαι μενεαίνων,","translation":"Three times he made it quiver, straining to draw it back,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l125.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τρὶς ... τρὶς δὲ","title":"Epic triple repetition","body":"The pattern here is the symmetric τρὶς μέν / τρὶς δέ formula ('three times … three times'), showing sustained futile effort. This differs from the 'three times … but the third time' (τρίς … τὸ τρίτον δέ) formula, where the third attempt succeeds or produces a different outcome."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πελέμιξεν","gloss":"three times","note":"epic triadic pattern: three failed attempts before interruption"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πελέμιξεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"πελέμιξεν","lemma":"πελεμίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made quiver"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσεσθαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of μενεαίνων","gloss":"to draw back"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πελέμιξεν","gloss":"straining","note":"present participle shows ongoing effort simultaneous with the shaking"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b21-l126","source":"τρὶς δὲ μεθῆκε βίης, ἐπιελπόμενος τό γε θυμῷ,","translation":"and three times he gave up the effort, though still hoping in his heart","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεθῆκε","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεθῆκε","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave up"},{"surface":"βίης","lemma":"βία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεθῆκε","gloss":"the effort","note":"genitive of separation with μεθίημι, 'let go of the force'"},{"surface":"ἐπιελπόμενος","lemma":"ἐπέλπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μεθῆκε","gloss":"still hoping"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιελπόμενος","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b21-l127","source":"νευρὴν ἐντανύειν διοϊστεύσειν τε σιδήρου.","translation":"to string the bowstring and shoot through the iron.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νευρὴν","lemma":"νευρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐντανύειν","gloss":"the bowstring"},{"surface":"ἐντανύειν","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to string"},{"surface":"διοϊστεύσειν","lemma":"διοιστεύω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to shoot through","note":"future infinitive expressing intended result, paired with ἐντανύειν"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σιδήρου","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διοϊστεύσειν","gloss":"the iron"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b21-l128","source":"καί νύ κε δή ῥʼ ἐτάνυσσε βίῃ τὸ τέταρτον ἀνέλκων,","translation":"And now at last he would have strung it, hauling it back by force the fourth time,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l128.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί νύ κε ... ἐτάνυσσε","title":"Unfulfilled past condition","body":"The 'and now he would have...' (ke + aorist indicative) sets up an action that nearly happened but was prevented — completed by 'but' (alla) in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"κε + aorist indicative = unreal past conditional, 'would have strung it'"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strung"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"by force"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τέταρτον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τέταρτον","lemma":"τέταρτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"fourth time"},{"surface":"ἀνέλκων","lemma":"ἀνέλκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"hauling"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b21-l129","source":"ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἀνένευε καὶ ἔσχεθεν ἱέμενόν περ.","translation":"but Odysseus shook his head and held him back, eager as he was.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀνένευε","lemma":"ἀνανεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shook his head","note":"ἀνανεύω = nod 'no' by tossing the head back, a vivid gesture verb"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσχεθεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"ἱέμενόν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"eager"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though","note":"concessive περ: 'eager though he was'"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b21-l130","source":"τοῖς δʼ αὖτις μετέειφʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο·","translation":"Then the hallowed strength of Telemachus spoke among them again:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l130.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο","title":"'The hallowed strength of Telemachus'","body":"A formulaic periphrasis meaning simply 'mighty Telemachus.' Homer often names a hero by his 'strength' or 'might' rather than directly."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"μετέειφ","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἱερὴ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"hallowed","note":"ἱερή ἲς + genitive name = epic periphrasis, 'the sacred strength of X' means simply 'X'"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μετέειφ᾽","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of Telemachus"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b21-l131","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ καὶ ἔπειτα κακός τʼ ἔσομαι καὶ\n                     ἄκικυς,","translation":"\"Well now! It seems I will always be a coward and weak,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alas"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσομαι","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"κακός","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"coward"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσομαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄκικυς","lemma":"ἄκικυς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weak","note":"rare Homeric word ἄκικυς, 'strengthless', self-deprecating hapax-like term"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b21-l132","source":"ἠὲ νεώτερός εἰμι καὶ οὔ πω χερσὶ πέποιθα","translation":"or else I am too young, and do not yet trust my hands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"νεώτερός","lemma":"νεώτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"too young"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to πέποιθα","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πέποιθα","gloss":"in my hands"},{"surface":"πέποιθα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trust","note":"perfect πέποιθα with present sense, 'I have come to trust / do trust'"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b21-l133","source":"ἄνδρʼ ἀπαμύνασθαι, ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ.","translation":"to defend myself against a man, when someone first picks a quarrel.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπαμύνασθαι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἀπαμύνασθαι","lemma":"ἀπαμύνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of πέποιθα","gloss":"to defend myself"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"πρότερος","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"χαλεπήνῃ","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"picks a quarrel","note":"aorist subjunctive in general temporal clause, 'whenever someone provokes'"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b21-l134","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ, οἵ περ ἐμεῖο βίῃ προφερέστεροί ἐστε,","translation":"But come, you who are mightier than I in strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l134.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προφερέστεροί","title":"Comparative adjective","body":"Propheresteroi is the comparative 'superior, mightier,' here addressed to the suitors with the relative 'you who are.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγεθ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε used as quasi-verbal exhortation particle, 'come!'"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστε","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies προφερέστεροί","gloss":"than I"},{"surface":"βίῃ","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐστε","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"προφερέστεροί","lemma":"προφερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mightier"},{"surface":"ἐστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b21-l135","source":"τόξου πειρήσασθε, καὶ ἐκτελέωμεν ἄεθλον.","translation":"make trial of the bow, and let us finish this contest.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πειρήσασθε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"πειρήσασθε","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make trial of"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκτελέωμεν","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us finish","note":"hortatory subjunctive, 'let us complete'"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκτελέωμεν","gloss":"the contest"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b21-l136","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τόξον μὲν ἀπὸ ἕο θῆκε χαμᾶζε,","translation":"So saying, he set the bow down from him on the ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"},{"surface":"χαμᾶζε","lemma":"χαμᾶζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"on the ground"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b21-l137","source":"κλίνας κολλητῇσιν ἐϋξέστῃς σανίδεσσιν,","translation":"leaning it against the joined and polished door-planks,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλίνας","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"leaning","note":"aorist participle, action prior to/simultaneous with θῆκε in l136"},{"surface":"κολλητῇσιν","lemma":"κολλητός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σανίδεσσιν","gloss":"joined"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστῃς","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σανίδεσσιν","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"σανίδεσσιν","lemma":"σανίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κλίνας","gloss":"door-planks"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b21-l138","source":"αὐτοῦ δʼ ὠκὺ βέλος καλῇ προσέκλινε κορώνῃ,","translation":"and there he leaned the swift arrow against the fine curved tip,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέκλινε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠκὺ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προσέκλινε","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορώνῃ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"προσέκλινε","lemma":"προσκλίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leaned"},{"surface":"κορώνῃ","lemma":"κορώνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσέκλινε","gloss":"curved tip","note":"κορώνη = the curved end of the bow, a technical archery term"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b21-l139","source":"ἂψ δʼ αὖτις κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ θρόνου ἔνθεν ἀνέστη.","translation":"and sat back down again on the seat from which he had risen.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"whence","note":"relative adverb pointing back to θρόνου, 'from which'"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θρόνου","gloss":"he had risen"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b21-l140","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντίνοος μετέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός·","translation":"Then Antinous spoke among them, the son of Eupeithes:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθεος","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eupeithes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b21-l141","source":"ὄρνυσθʼ ἑξείης ἐπιδέξια πάντες ἑταῖροι,","translation":"\"Rise up in order, all you companions, from left to right,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρνυσθ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rise up"},{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυσθ᾽","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"ἐπιδέξια","lemma":"ἐπιδέξιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυσθ᾽","gloss":"from left to right","note":"ἐπιδέξια = sunwise order, ritual seating direction for the contest"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b21-l142","source":"ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χώρου ὅθεν τέ περ οἰνοχοεύει.","translation":"beginning from the place where the wine is poured.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρξάμενοι","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄρνυσθ᾽","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies χώρου","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"χώρου","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρξάμενοι","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰνοχοεύει","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"οἰνοχοεύει","lemma":"οἰνοχοεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing χώρου","gloss":"pours wine","note":"marks the cupbearer's starting point, the customary order of the feast"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b21-l143","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀντίνοος, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπιήνδανε μῦθος.","translation":"So spoke Antinous, and his words pleased them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιήνδανε","lemma":"ἐφανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased","note":"ἐφανδάνω governs dative 'pleased them', impersonal-feeling idiom"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"the word"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b21-l144","source":"Λειώδης δὲ πρῶτος ἀνίστατο, Οἴνοπος υἱός,","translation":"Leiodes was the first to stand up, the son of Oenops,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λειώδης","lemma":"Λειώδης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Leiodes"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀνίστατο","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"Οἴνοπος","lemma":"Οἴνοψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Oenops"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b21-l145","source":"ὅ σφι θυοσκόος ἔσκε, παρὰ κρητῆρα δὲ καλὸν","translation":"who was their sacrificing priest, and beside the fine mixing-bowl","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l145.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θυοσκόος","title":"Sacrificing priest","body":"A thuoskoos read omens from burnt offerings; Leiodes alone among the suitors is pious, which sets up the irony of his being first to fail and later to be killed."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσκε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"θυοσκόος","lemma":"θυοσκόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sacrificing priest","note":"θυοσκόος names Leiodes's cult role, sets up his later plea for mercy"},{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"used to be","note":"iterative imperfect ἔσκε, 'was habitually'"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"κρητῆρα","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"mixing-bowl"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κρητῆρα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b21-l146","source":"ἷζε μυχοίτατος αἰέν· ἀτασθαλίαι δέ οἱ οἴῳ","translation":"he always sat in the innermost corner. To him alone the reckless deeds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷζε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to sit"},{"surface":"μυχοίτατος","lemma":"μυχοίτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"innermost","note":"superlative μυχοίτατος, farthest corner, marks his marginal status among suitors"},{"surface":"αἰέν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἷζε","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀτασθαλίαι","lemma":"ἀτασθαλία","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"reckless deeds"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσαν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"οἴῳ","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b21-l147","source":"ἐχθραὶ ἔσαν, πᾶσιν δὲ νεμέσσα μνηστήρεσσιν·","translation":"were hateful, and he was indignant at all the suitors.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐχθραὶ","lemma":"ἐχθρός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστήρεσσιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεμέσσα","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was indignant"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of νεμέσσα","gloss":"the suitors"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b21-l148","source":"ὅς ῥα τότε πρῶτος τόξον λάβε καὶ βέλος ὠκύ.","translation":"He was the first then to take up the bow and the swift arrow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λάβε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ὠκύ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b21-l149","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰὼν καὶ τόξου πειρήτιζεν,","translation":"He went and stood on the threshold and made trial of the bow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"line repeats l124 nearly verbatim, oral-formulaic repetition marking a new attempt"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on/at"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πειρήτιζεν","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"πειρήτιζεν","lemma":"πειρητίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made trial of"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b21-l150","source":"οὐδέ μιν ἐντάνυσε· πρὶν γὰρ κάμε χεῖρας ἀνέλκων","translation":"but he could not string it; for first he wearied his hands with drawing it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐντάνυσε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἐντάνυσε","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strung","note":"negated by οὐδέ: 'he did not string it', the failure"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κάμε","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wearied"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἀνέλκων","lemma":"ἀνέλκω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάμε","gloss":"hauling"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b21-l151","source":"ἀτρίπτους ἁπαλάς· μετὰ δὲ μνηστῆρσιν ἔειπεν·","translation":"his soft, unworn hands. And he spoke among the suitors:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l151.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀτρίπτους ἁπαλάς","title":"'Unworn, soft' hands","body":"These epithets mark Leiodes as a man of leisure unaccustomed to labor — pointedly the opposite of Odysseus' hardened hands."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀτρίπτους","lemma":"ἄτριπτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"unworn","note":"soft hands of a priest, not a warrior - contrast with the labor of drawing the bow"},{"surface":"ἁπαλάς","lemma":"ἁπαλός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b21-l152","source":"ὦ φίλοι, οὐ μὲν ἐγὼ τανύω, λαβέτω δὲ καὶ\n                     ἄλλος.","translation":"\"Friends, I cannot string it; let another take it too.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends","note":"Vocative address to the suitors; head noun (e.g. 'friends') is simply implied."},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τανύω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τανύω","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"string it","note":"Odysseus (disguised) uses a future-tense verb with present sense: 'I will not/cannot string it.'"},{"surface":"λαβέτω","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him take"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of λαβέτω","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b21-l153","source":"πολλοὺς γὰρ τόδε τόξον ἀριστῆας κεκαδήσει","translation":"For this bow will rob many of our best men","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλοὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστῆας","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κεκαδήσει","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆας","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεκαδήσει","gloss":"best men","note":"ἀριστεύς 'best man/champion' — root of ἄριστος, familiar from 'aristocracy.'"},{"surface":"κεκαδήσει","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will rob"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b21-l154","source":"θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι","translation":"of breath and life, since it is far better","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l154.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς","title":"'Breath and life'","body":"Thumos and psuchē together denote the whole vital spirit; to lose them is to die. Leiodes' words are an unwitting prophecy of the slaughter to come."}],"words":[{"surface":"θυμοῦ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of breath"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψυχῆς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of life"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far","note":"πολύ used adverbially with the comparative, 'much better' — a common Homeric intensifier."},{"surface":"φέρτερόν","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b21-l155","source":"τεθνάμεν ἢ ζώοντας ἁμαρτεῖν, οὗθʼ ἕνεκʼ αἰεὶ","translation":"to die than to live on having failed of the very thing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεθνάμεν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"to die","note":"Perfect infinitive τεθνάμεν used with present force, 'to be dead' — a stative perfect typical of θνήσκω."},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ζώοντας","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"living"},{"surface":"ἁμαρτεῖν","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies ἢ","gloss":"to fail"},{"surface":"οὗθ","lemma":"ὅστε","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b21-l156","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ὁμιλέομεν, ποτιδέγμενοι ἤματα πάντα.","translation":"for which we always gather here, waiting day after day.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ὁμιλέομεν","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἁμαρτεῖν","gloss":"we gather"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμενοι","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὁμιλέομεν","gloss":"waiting","note":"προσδέχομαι appears in its older epic form ποτιδέγμενοι (ποτί = πρός), 'awaiting.'"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ποτιδέγμενοι","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b21-l157","source":"νῦν μέν τις καὶ ἔλπετʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἠδὲ μενοινᾷ","translation":"Now there is many a man who hopes in his heart and longs","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἔλπετ","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hopes"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μενοινᾷ","lemma":"μενοινάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"longs"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b21-l158","source":"γῆμαι Πηνελόπειαν, Ὀδυσσῆος παράκοιτιν.","translation":"to marry Penelope, the wife of Odysseus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γῆμαι","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to marry"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπειαν","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Penelope"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παράκοιτιν","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"παράκοιτιν","lemma":"παράκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"wife","note":"παράκοιτις, 'bedmate' (παρά + κοίτη), a poetic epic term for 'wife.'"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b21-l159","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν τόξου πειρήσεται ἠδὲ ἴδηται,","translation":"But once he has made trial of the bow and seen the truth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πειρήσεται","gloss":"of the bow"},{"surface":"πειρήσεται","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"has tried"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδηται","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"has seen","note":"ἴδηται from εἶδον/ὁράω — aorist subjunctive with idiomatic sense 'sees for himself, learns the truth.'"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b21-l160","source":"ἄλλην δή τινʼ ἔπειτα Ἀχαιϊάδων εὐπέπλων","translation":"then let him court some other of the fair-robed Achaean women,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλην","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μνάσθω","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μνάσθω","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιϊάδων","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"of Achaean women"},{"surface":"εὐπέπλων","lemma":"εὔπεπλος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιϊάδων","gloss":"fair-robed","note":"εὔπεπλος, a stock Homeric epithet ('fair-robed') applied formulaically to women."}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b21-l161","source":"μνάσθω ἐέδνοισιν διζήμενος· ἡ δέ κʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"seeking her with bridal gifts; and she in turn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνάσθω","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him woo"},{"surface":"ἐέδνοισιν","lemma":"ἕδνον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to διζήμενος","gloss":"with bridal gifts","note":"ἕδνα = gifts a suitor gives the bride's family, reflecting Homeric bride-price custom."},{"surface":"διζήμενος","lemma":"δίζημαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μνάσθω","gloss":"seeking"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of γήμαιθ᾽","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γήμαιθ᾽","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b21-l162","source":"γήμαιθʼ ὅς κε πλεῖστα πόροι καὶ μόρσιμος ἔλθοι.","translation":"would marry whoever offers the most and comes as fated.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γήμαιθ","lemma":"γαμέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would marry"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"πλεῖστα","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πόροι","gloss":"most"},{"surface":"πόροι","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"offers"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μόρσιμος","lemma":"μόρσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fated","note":"μόρσιμος, 'fated to come' — hints darkly at Odysseus's own return, unbeknownst to the suitor speaking."},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b21-l163","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν καὶ ἀπὸ ἕο τόξον ἔθηκε,","translation":"So he spoke, and set the bow down from him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφώνησεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφώνησεν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b21-l164","source":"κλίνας κολλητῇσιν ἐϋξέστῃς σανίδεσσιν,","translation":"leaning it against the joined and polished door-planks,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλίνας","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"leaning it"},{"surface":"κολλητῇσιν","lemma":"κολλητός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σανίδεσσιν","gloss":"joined"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστῃς","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σανίδεσσιν","gloss":"polished","note":"εὔξεστος, 'well-planed' — formulaic epic adjective for carefully worked wood."},{"surface":"σανίδεσσιν","lemma":"σανίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κλίνας","gloss":"door-planks"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b21-l165","source":"αὐτοῦ δʼ ὠκὺ βέλος καλῇ προσέκλινε κορώνῃ,","translation":"and there he leaned the swift arrow against the fine curved tip,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέκλινε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠκὺ","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλος","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προσέκλινε","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορώνῃ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"προσέκλινε","lemma":"προσκλίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he leaned"},{"surface":"κορώνῃ","lemma":"κορώνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσέκλινε","gloss":"curved tip","note":"κορώνη, the curved tip/hook of the bow (also used of a bird's beak-like curve) — a specialized bow-part term."}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b21-l166","source":"ἂψ δʼ αὖτις κατʼ ἄρ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ θρόνου ἔνθεν ἀνέστη.","translation":"and sat back down again on the seat from which he had risen.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sat"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"seat"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"from which"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θρόνου","gloss":"had risen","note":"Treebank tags ἀνέστη as pluperfect/1st singular, but the sense here is 3rd singular aorist 'he had risen' — a treebank irregularity to note, not to alter."}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b21-l167","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"But Antinous rebuked him and spoke out, calling him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l167.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε","title":"Formulaic speech-introduction","body":"A fixed line meaning 'he spoke a word and called him by name,' used over and over to introduce direct speech in Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπεν","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked him"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named him","note":"ἔπος τ᾽ ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνόμαζε is a Homeric formula introducing direct speech, 'spoke a word and named him out.'"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b21-l168","source":"Λειῶδες, ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων,","translation":"\"Leiodes, what a word has escaped the barrier of your teeth,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l168.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἕρκος ὀδόντων","title":"'The barrier of the teeth'","body":"A vivid Homeric metaphor: the teeth are a fence (herkos) hedging in the words; a careless word slips past the gate."}],"words":[{"surface":"Λειῶδες","lemma":"λειώδης","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Leiodes"},{"surface":"ποῖόν","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φύγεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"φύγεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"barrier","note":"ἕρκος ὀδόντων 'barrier/fence of teeth' — a vivid Homeric formula for the mouth's containment of speech."},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"of teeth"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b21-l169","source":"δεινόν τʼ ἀργαλέον τε, —νεμεσσῶμαι δέ τʼ ἀκούων—","translation":"a terrible and grievous one — I am indignant to hear it —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινόν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"—νεμεσσῶμαι","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I am indignant"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀκούων—","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νεμεσσῶμαι","gloss":"hearing it"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b21-l170","source":"εἰ δὴ τοῦτό γε τόξον ἀριστῆας κεκαδήσει","translation":"if indeed this bow is to rob our best men","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτό","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κεκαδήσει","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆας","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κεκαδήσει","gloss":"best men"},{"surface":"κεκαδήσει","lemma":"χάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"will rob","note":"Nearly identical to l153 — a repeated formulaic line-half typical of oral epic composition."}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b21-l171","source":"θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς, ἐπεὶ οὐ δύνασαι σὺ τανύσσαι.","translation":"of breath and life, just because you cannot string it.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμοῦ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of breath"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψυχῆς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of life"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύνασαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you can"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δύνασαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τανύσσαι","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνασαι","gloss":"string it"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b21-l172","source":"οὐ γάρ τοί σέ γε τοῖον ἐγείνατο πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"For your lady mother did not bear you to be such a man","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐγείνατο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐγείνατο","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"lady","note":"πότνια, a reverent epic epithet ('lady, mistress') regularly paired with μήτηρ or goddess names."},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐγείνατο","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b21-l173","source":"οἷόν τε ῥυτῆρα βιοῦ τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ ὀϊστῶν·","translation":"as to be a drawer of the bow and its arrows;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥυτῆρα","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥυτῆρα","lemma":"ῥυτήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"drawer","note":"ῥυτήρ, 'one who draws (the bowstring)' — an agent noun built on the verb ἐρύω, 'to draw/pull.'"},{"surface":"βιοῦ","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the bow"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τοῖον","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀϊστῶν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of arrows"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b21-l174","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄλλοι τανύουσι τάχα μνηστῆρες ἀγαυοί.","translation":"but the other proud suitors will soon string it.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τανύουσι","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will string"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τανύουσι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τανύουσι","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοί","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"proud","note":"ἀγαυός, a grand epic epithet ('proud, noble') ironically applied to the doomed suitors."}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b21-l175","source":"ὣς φάτο, καί ῥʼ ἐκέλευσε Μελάνθιον, αἰπόλον\n                  αἰγῶν·","translation":"So he spoke, and gave the order to Melanthius, the goatherd:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"},{"surface":"Μελάνθιον","lemma":"Μελάνθιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Melanthius"},{"surface":"αἰπόλον","lemma":"αἰπόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"goatherd"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies αἰπόλον","gloss":"of goats","note":"αἰπόλος αἰγῶν, 'herder of goats' — a standard occupational epithet formula, like βουκόλος βοῶν for cowherds."}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b21-l176","source":"ἄγρει δή, πῦρ κῆον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι, Μελανθεῦ,","translation":"\"Come now, kindle a fire in the hall, Melanthius,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγρει","lemma":"ἀγρέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κῆον","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"κῆον","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindle"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"Μελανθεῦ","lemma":"Μελανθεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Melanthius"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b21-l177","source":"πὰρ δὲ τίθει δίφρον τε μέγαν καὶ κῶας ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ,","translation":"and set beside it a great chair with a fleece upon it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῶας","lemma":"κῶας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fleece"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπ᾽","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b21-l178","source":"ἐκ δὲ στέατος ἔνεικε μέγαν τροχὸν ἔνδον ἐόντος,","translation":"and bring out a great cake of fat that is inside,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στέατος","lemma":"στέαρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τροχὸν","gloss":"of fat"},{"surface":"ἔνεικε","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring","note":"Lemma listed as unresolved ('υνκνοων', an OCR/data artifact) — actual verb is ἐνείκω/φέρω, aorist imperative 'bring.'"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τροχὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τροχὸν","lemma":"τροχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνεικε","gloss":"cake"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντος","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies στέατος","gloss":"that is"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b21-l179","source":"ὄφρα νέοι θάλποντες, ἐπιχρίοντες ἀλοιφῇ,","translation":"so that we young men, warming the bow and rubbing it with grease,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"θάλποντες","lemma":"θάλπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"warming"},{"surface":"ἐπιχρίοντες","lemma":"ἐπιχρίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"rubbing on"},{"surface":"ἀλοιφῇ","lemma":"ἀλοιφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιχρίοντες","gloss":"with grease","note":"Suitors plan to soften the bow's wood with heat and fat, showing they think mere technique can beat Odysseus's own bow."}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b21-l180","source":"τόξου πειρώμεσθα καὶ ἐκτελέωμεν ἄεθλον.","translation":"may make trial of it and finish this contest.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκτελέωμεν","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"πειρώμεσθα","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"let us try","note":"1st pl. hortatory subjunctive with καί...ἐκτελέωμεν: 'let us both try and finish'."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκτελέωμεν","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"let us finish"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκτελέωμεν","gloss":"the contest"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b21-l181","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὁ δʼ αἶψʼ ἀνέκαιε Μελάνθιος ἀκάματον\n                  πῦρ,","translation":"So he spoke, and Melanthius at once kindled an unwearying fire,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ᾽","gloss":"so","note":"formulaic ὣς φάτο/φάθ' opens countless Homeric speech-transitions."},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέκαιε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀνέκαιε","lemma":"ἀνακαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"Μελάνθιος","lemma":"μελάνθιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Melanthius"},{"surface":"ἀκάματον","lemma":"ἀκάματος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"unwearying","note":"stock epic epithet ἀκάματον πῦρ, 'tireless fire' — a fixed formula, not a fresh description."},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέκαιε","gloss":"fire"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b21-l182","source":"πὰρ δὲ φέρων δίφρον θῆκεν καὶ κῶας ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ,","translation":"and bringing a chair he set it down with a fleece upon it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκεν","gloss":"carrying","note":"circumstantial participle: 'bringing (it), he set (it) down'."},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a chair"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῶας","lemma":"κῶας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a fleece"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπ᾽","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b21-l183","source":"ἐκ δὲ στέατος ἔνεικε μέγαν τροχὸν ἔνδον ἐόντος·","translation":"and brought out a great cake of fat that was inside.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στέατος","lemma":"στέαρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τροχὸν","gloss":"of fat","note":"partitive genitive with τροχὸν: 'a wheel/cake made of fat'."},{"surface":"ἔνεικε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he brought","note":"ἔνεικε is an aorist of φέρω, a suppletive stem used only in the aorist."},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τροχὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τροχὸν","lemma":"τροχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνεικε","gloss":"cake"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντος","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies στέατος","gloss":"that was"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b21-l184","source":"τῷ ῥα νέοι θάλποντες ἐπειρῶντʼ· οὐδʼ ἐδύναντο","translation":"With it the young men warmed the bow and made their trials; but they could not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to θάλποντες","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπειρῶντ᾽","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"θάλποντες","lemma":"θάλπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπειρῶντ᾽","gloss":"warming it","note":"suitors greased and warmed the bow with fat to make it more pliant."},{"surface":"ἐπειρῶντ","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept trying"},{"surface":"ἐδύναντο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they could"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b21-l185","source":"ἐντανύσαι, πολλὸν δὲ βίης ἐπιδευέες ἦσαν.","translation":"string it, for they fell far short of the strength.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l185.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βίης ἐπιδευέες","title":"'Lacking in strength'","body":"Biē is sheer physical force. The suitors are 'in need of' (epideuees) it — they simply do not have the body for the bow that Odysseus drew with ease."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντανύσαι","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐδύναντο","gloss":"to string it"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦσαν","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίης","lemma":"βία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπιδευέες","gloss":"of strength"},{"surface":"ἐπιδευέες","lemma":"ἐπιδευής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lacking","note":"ἐπιδευέες + genitive βίης: 'falling short of strength' — genitive of the thing lacked."},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they were"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b21-l186","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἔτʼ ἐπεῖχε καὶ Εὐρύμαχος θεοειδής,","translation":"But Antinous still held back, and godlike Eurymachus too,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεῖχε","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐπεῖχε","lemma":"ἐπέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"θεοειδής","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρύμαχος","gloss":"godlike","note":"epithet θεοειδής marks Eurymachus as a leading suitor, on par with heroic figures."}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b21-l187","source":"ἀρχοὶ μνηστήρων· ἀρετῇ δʼ ἔσαν ἔξοχʼ ἄριστοι.","translation":"the leaders of the suitors; in worth they were the best by far.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l187.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀρετῇ","title":"Aretē (excellence)","body":"Aretē is a man's excellence or prowess. Even the two 'best' suitors will fail the bow — Homer's irony, since true aretē belongs to the disguised beggar."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχοὶ","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχοὶ","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀρετῇ","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔσαν","gloss":"in worth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they were"},{"surface":"ἔξοχ","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best","note":"ironic: the narrator grants the suitors superiority in 'worth' only to undercut it by their failure with the bow."}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b21-l188","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐξ οἴκου βῆσαν ὁμαρτήσαντες ἅμʼ ἄμφω","translation":"Then the two went out of the house together, both at once,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l188.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ ... ἄμφω","title":"The dual number","body":"Homer uses the dual (tō, amphō) for the natural pair — the cowherd and swineherd acting as one. The dual is a special form for exactly two."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the two","note":"nom. dual τὼ — a distinct Homeric dual form used for exactly two people (the cowherd and swineherd)."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"οἴκου","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"βῆσαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ὁμαρτήσαντες","lemma":"ὁμαρτέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆσαν","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βῆσαν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"both","note":"dual adjective ἄμφω agreeing with the dual pronoun τὼ."}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b21-l189","source":"βουκόλος ἠδὲ συφορβὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο·","translation":"the cowherd and the swineherd of godlike Odysseus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουκόλος","lemma":"βουκόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the cowherd"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συφορβὸς","lemma":"συφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the swineherd"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"epithet θεῖος regularly attached to Odysseus's name to fill the verse."}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b21-l190","source":"ἐκ δʼ αὐτὸς μετὰ τοὺς δόμου ἤλυθε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"and after them godlike Odysseus himself went out of the house.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δόμου","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἤλυθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"ἤλυθε is the Homeric (epic) form of ἦλθε, from ἔρχομαι."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b21-l191","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκτὸς θυρέων ἔσαν ἠδὲ καὶ αὐλῆς,","translation":"But when they were outside the doors and the courtyard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐκτὸς","lemma":"ἐκτός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"θυρέων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the doors"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"they were"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the courtyard"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b21-l192","source":"φθεγξάμενός σφε ἔπεσσι προσηύδα μειλιχίοισι·","translation":"he called to them and addressed them with gentle words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθεγξάμενός","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking out"},{"surface":"σφε","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"μειλιχίοισι","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεσσι","gloss":"gentle","note":"μειλιχίοισι ἔπεσσι, 'gentle words' — Odysseus softens his tone before testing the herdsmen's loyalty."}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b21-l193","source":"βουκόλε καὶ σύ, συφορβέ, ἔπος τί κε\n                     μυθησαίμην,","translation":"\"Cowherd, and you, swineherd, shall I say a certain word,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βουκόλε","lemma":"βουκόλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"cowherd","note":"vocative address; the governing verb ('I ask you') is left unstated, typical of vivid direct speech."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"vocative singular pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"συφορβέ","lemma":"συφορβός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"swineherd"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μυθησαίμην","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"μυθησαίμην","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say","note":"deliberative optative with κε, expressing hesitation: 'should I say... or hide it?'"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b21-l194","source":"ἦ αὐτὸς κεύθω; φάσθαι δέ με θυμὸς ἀνώγει.","translation":"or keep it to myself? My heart bids me speak it.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"κεύθω","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hide it"},{"surface":"φάσθαι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to speak"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φάσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bids"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b21-l195","source":"ποῖοί κʼ εἶτʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ ἀμυνέμεν, εἴ ποθεν ἔλθοι","translation":"What sort of men would you be, to defend Odysseus, if he should come from somewhere","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποῖοί","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what sort"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"εἶτ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you be"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμυνέμεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀμυνέμεν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ποῖοί","gloss":"to defend","note":"epexegetic infinitive explaining ποῖοι εἶτε, 'what kind [of men] would you be — to defend him'."},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποθεν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"from somewhere"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"he should come"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b21-l196","source":"ὧδε μάλʼ ἐξαπίνης καί τις θεὸς αὐτὸν ἐνείκαι;","translation":"all of a sudden, and some god should bring him home?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ἐξαπίνης","lemma":"ἐξαπίνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνείκαι","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνείκαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐνείκαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"should bring","note":"gnomic-style aorist optative ἐνείκαι (from φέρω) pairs with ἔλθοι to voice a hypothetical divine homecoming."}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b21-l197","source":"ἤ κε μνηστήρεσσιν ἀμύνοιτʼ ἦ Ὀδυσῆϊ;","translation":"Would you defend the suitors, or Odysseus?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀμύνοιτ","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"defend"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b21-l198","source":"εἴπαθʼ ὅπως ὑμέας κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει.","translation":"Tell me as your heart and spirit bid you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴπαθ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell","note":"aorist imperative εἴπατε — Odysseus finally demands a direct answer after his long hypothetical."},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὑμέας","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative plural pronoun","role":"object of κελεύει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"bids"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b21-l199","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε βοῶν ἐπιβουκόλος ἀνήρ·","translation":"Then the cowherd, the keeper of the cattle, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἐπιβουκόλος","gloss":"of cattle"},{"surface":"ἐπιβουκόλος","lemma":"ἐπιβουκόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"herder"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"the man"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b21-l200","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἲ γὰρ τοῦτο τελευτήσειας ἐέλδωρ,","translation":"\"Father Zeus, would that you might bring this wish to pass —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l200.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἲ γὰρ ... τελευτήσειας","title":"Optative of wish","body":"Ai gar ('would that') with the aorist optative expresses a heartfelt prayer for something the speaker longs to see happen."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father","note":"vocative epithet Ζεῦ πάτερ, invoking Zeus as father of gods and men, opens an emphatic wish/prayer."},{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"oh that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐέλδωρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τελευτήσειας","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"might you fulfill","note":"optative of wish αἲ γάρ...τελευτήσειας: 'would that you might fulfill'."},{"surface":"ἐέλδωρ","lemma":"ἔλδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"wish"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b21-l201","source":"ὡς ἔλθοι μὲν κεῖνος ἀνήρ, ἀγάγοι δέ ἑ δαίμων·","translation":"that the man might come, and a god might bring him home!","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"might come"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλθοι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀγάγοι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"might bring"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγάγοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγάγοι","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b21-l202","source":"γνοίης χʼ οἵη ἐμὴ δύναμις καὶ χεῖρες ἕπονται.","translation":"Then you would know what my strength is, and how my hands follow it.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνοίης","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would know","note":"potential optative γνοίης κ(ε): 'you would know'— the cowherd's oath of loyalty."},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οἵη","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"what sort"},{"surface":"ἐμὴ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δύναμις","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δύναμις","lemma":"δύναμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρες","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕπονται","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἕπονται","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b21-l203","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως Εὔμαιος ἐπεύχετο πᾶσι θεοῖσι","translation":"And in the same way Eumaeus prayed to all the gods","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύχετο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεύχετο","gloss":"likewise"},{"surface":"Εὔμαιος","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεύχετο","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ἐπεύχετο","lemma":"ἐπεύχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεύχετο","gloss":"the gods"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b21-l204","source":"νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε.","translation":"that wise Odysseus might return to his own home.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστῆσαι","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπεύχετο","gloss":"to return"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νοστῆσαι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πολύφρονα","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"wise","note":"epithet πολύφρων, 'many-minded', a Homeric marker of Odysseus's cunning intelligence."},{"surface":"ὅνδε","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμονδε","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"δόμονδε","lemma":"δόμονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστῆσαι","gloss":"homeward","note":"δόμονδε: accusative-directional suffix -δε, 'to the house', an old Greek allative case-form."}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b21-l205","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τῶν γε νόον νημερτέʼ ἀνέγνω,","translation":"But when he had read the truth of their minds for certain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l205.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νημερτέʼ","title":"Unerring, infallible","body":"Nēmertēs means 'not missing the mark,' hence 'unerring truth.' Odysseus now knows beyond doubt where these two stand."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνέγνω","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"νημερτέ","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"truly","note":"νημερτέ(α) as adverbial accusative modifying ἀνέγνω: 'read (their minds) truly / without error'."},{"surface":"ἀνέγνω","lemma":"ἀναγιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he discerned"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b21-l206","source":"ἐξαῦτίς σφε ἔπεσσιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν·","translation":"again he answered them and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαῦτίς","lemma":"ἐξαῦτις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"σφε","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b21-l207","source":"ἔνδον μὲν δὴ ὅδʼ αὐτὸς ἐγώ, κακὰ πολλὰ\n                     μογήσας","translation":"\"Here I am, my very self, within — having suffered many evils","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l207.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅδʼ αὐτὸς ἐγώ","title":"Emphatic self-revelation","body":"The piling of demonstrative, intensive, and pronoun ('this, the very man, I') makes the disclosure ring out: it really is Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"within","note":"emphatic word order: ἔνδον μὲν δὴ...αὐτὸς ἐγώ delays the dramatic revelation 'I myself am here'."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μογήσας","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μογήσας","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"having suffered"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b21-l208","source":"ἤλυθον εἰκοστῷ ἔτεϊ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"I have come in the twentieth year to my native land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have come","note":"Epic aorist ἤλυθον (=ἦλθον) used with present-perfect force, common Homeric form of ἔρχομαι."},{"surface":"εἰκοστῷ","lemma":"εἰκοστός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτεϊ","gloss":"twentieth"},{"surface":"ἔτεϊ","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"in year","note":"Dative of time-when, no preposition needed: 'in the twentieth year.'"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b21-l209","source":"γιγνώσκω δʼ ὡς σφῶϊν ἐελδομένοισιν ἱκάνω","translation":"And I see that, of my servants, to you two alone my coming","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γιγνώσκω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know","note":"γιγνώσκω, reduplicated present stem of the verb 'to know, recognize.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνω","gloss":"to you two","note":"σφῶϊν, dative dual of σύ — addressed to exactly two listeners (Eumaeus and Philoetius)."},{"surface":"ἐελδομένοισιν","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"I come"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b21-l210","source":"οἴοισι δμώων· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ τευ ἄκουσα","translation":"is longed for; of the others I have heard none","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴοισι","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone of"},{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμῶος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οἴοισι","gloss":"servants"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τευ","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσα","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἄκουσα","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I heard","note":"τευ...ἄκουσα: genitive object with ἀκούω, 'heard of/about no one.'"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b21-l211","source":"εὐξαμένου ἐμὲ αὖτις ὑπότροπον οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"praying that I should come back home again.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐξαμένου","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"praying","note":"εὐξαμένου agrees with τευ (gen. 'anyone'), the person heard with ἄκουσα: 'I heard none of the others praying'; ἐμὲ is acc. subject of ἱκέσθαι."},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ὑπότροπον","lemma":"ὑπότροπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of εὐξαμένου","gloss":"to come","note":"Aorist middle infinitive ἱκέσθαι, epic form of ἱκνέομαι 'arrive.'"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b21-l212","source":"σφῶϊν δʼ, ὡς ἔσεταί περ, ἀληθείην καταλέξω.","translation":"To you two I will tell the truth, just as it shall be.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σφῶϊν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative dual pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"to you two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσεταί","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἔσεταί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀληθείην","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀληθείην","lemma":"ἀλήθεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"the truth","note":"ἀληθείην, Ionic/epic form of ἀλήθεια, object of καταλέξω 'tell in full.'"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b21-l213","source":"εἴ χʼ ὑπʼ ἐμοί γε θεὸς δαμάσῃ μνηστῆρας ἀγαυούς,","translation":"If a god should subdue the proud suitors beneath my hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δαμάσῃ","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δαμάσῃ","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"subdues","note":"Aorist subjunctive with εἴ...κε forming a future-more-vivid-style conditional, typical epic construction."},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δαμάσῃ","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγαυούς","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"proud","note":"ἀγαυούς, a formulaic epithet regularly paired with μνηστῆρας 'suitors' in the Odyssey."}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b21-l214","source":"ἄξομαι ἀμφοτέροις ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματʼ ὀπάσσω","translation":"I will get wives for you both, and grant you possessions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄξομαι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will get","note":"Future middle of ἄγω, 'lead home (a bride)' — the standard verb for marrying a wife."},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροις","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἄξομαι","gloss":"for you both"},{"surface":"ἀλόχους","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄξομαι","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"ὀπάσσω","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will grant"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b21-l215","source":"οἰκία τʼ ἐγγὺς ἐμεῖο τετυγμένα· καί μοι ἔπειτα","translation":"and houses built near my own; and from then on","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγὺς","gloss":"me","note":"ἐμεῖο, epic genitive of ἐγώ, object of the improper preposition ἐγγύς 'near.'"},{"surface":"τετυγμένα","lemma":"τεύκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies οἰκία","gloss":"built"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσεσθον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσεσθον","gloss":"from then on"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b21-l216","source":"Τηλεμάχου ἑτάρω τε κασιγνήτω τε ἔσεσθον.","translation":"you shall be to me companions and brothers of Telemachus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχου","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἑτάρω","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"companions","note":"ἑτάρω, dual noun — 'the two of you will be companions,' matching the dual verb ἔσεσθον."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτω","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brothers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσεσθον","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you two will be","note":"Dual verb ἔσεσθον, 2nd person dual future of εἰμί — Greek's special dual number for pairs."}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b21-l217","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγε δή, καὶ σῆμα ἀριφραδὲς ἄλλο τι δείξω,","translation":"But come now, I will show you another plain sign as well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l217.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σῆμα ἀριφραδὲς","title":"A 'plain sign'","body":"A sēma is a token of recognition; ariphradēs means 'very clear, unmistakable.' The scar is the classic Odyssean proof of identity."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well then","note":"Idiomatic εἰ δ᾽ ἄγε δή, 'come now!' — a stock exhortation formula, not a real conditional."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"a sign"},{"surface":"ἀριφραδὲς","lemma":"ἀριφραδής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"δείξω","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will show"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b21-l218","source":"ὄφρα μʼ ἐῢ γνῶτον πιστωθῆτόν τʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ,","translation":"so that you may know me well and trust me in your hearts:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l218.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γνῶτον πιστωθῆτόν","title":"Dual subjunctives","body":"Both verbs are dual ('that you two may know and trust'), addressed to the pair of loyal servants in a purpose clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γνῶτον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γνῶτον","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"γνῶτον","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"you may recognize","note":"Dual aorist subjunctive γνῶτον, 'you two may know' — matches the pair Eumaeus/Philoetius."},{"surface":"πιστωθῆτόν","lemma":"πιστόω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd dual verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"be convinced","note":"Aorist passive subjunctive dual πιστωθῆτον, 'may be persuaded/trust,' paired with γνῶτον."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b21-l219","source":"οὐλήν, τήν ποτέ με σῦς ἤλασε λευκῷ ὀδόντι","translation":"the scar that once a boar dealt me with its white tusk,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλήν","lemma":"οὐλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"scar"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤλασε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σῦς","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλασε","gloss":"a boar","note":"σῦς, the famous scar from the boar hunt on Parnassus — Odysseus's recognition token."},{"surface":"ἤλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οὐλήν","gloss":"gashed"},{"surface":"λευκῷ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδόντι","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὀδόντι","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλασε","gloss":"tusk"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b21-l220","source":"Παρνησόνδʼ ἐλθόντα σὺν υἱάσιν Αὐτολύκοιο.","translation":"when I had gone to Parnassus with the sons of Autolycus.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παρνησόνδ","lemma":"Παρνασός","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθόντα","gloss":"to Parnassus","note":"Παρνησόνδε, directional -δε suffix 'to/towards Parnassus,' typical epic motion-suffix."},{"surface":"ἐλθόντα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having gone"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"υἱάσιν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Αὐτολύκοιο","lemma":"Αὐτόλυκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱάσιν","gloss":"of Autolycus","note":"Odysseus's maternal grandfather, famous trickster — his sons were Odysseus's hunting companions."}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b21-l221","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ῥάκεα μεγάλης ἀποέργαθεν οὐλῆς.","translation":"So saying, he drew his rags aside from the great scar.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποέργαθεν","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"ῥάκεα","lemma":"ῥάκος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποέργαθεν","gloss":"rags"},{"surface":"μεγάλης","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies οὐλῆς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἀποέργαθεν","lemma":"ἀπείργαθον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew aside","note":"Rare epic verb ἀπείργαθον 'held/pulled away from,' governing genitive οὐλῆς."},{"surface":"οὐλῆς","lemma":"οὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποέργαθεν","gloss":"scar"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b21-l222","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐπεὶ εἰσιδέτην εὖ τʼ ἐφράσσαντο ἕκαστα,","translation":"And when the two had looked at it and marked each detail well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"the two of them","note":"τώ, dual pronoun — refers to Eumaeus and Philoetius together."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"εἰσιδέτην","lemma":"εἰσείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"they saw","note":"εἰσιδέτην, dual aorist form (though tagged present) matching τώ 'the two.'"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφράσσαντο","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφράσσαντο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"marked"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐφράσσαντο","gloss":"each thing"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b21-l223","source":"κλαῖον ἄρʼ ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ δαΐφρονι χεῖρε βαλόντε,","translation":"they wept, and threw their arms around wise Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l223.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βαλόντε","title":"Dual participle","body":"βαλόντε is a dual aorist participle, used because the two herdsmen act together as a pair. Homer often marks two-of-a-kind actors with the dual."}],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖον","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they wept"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆϊ","gloss":"wise-hearted","note":"δαΐφρονι, formulaic epithet 'battle-minded/wise,' regularly attached to Odysseus."},{"surface":"χεῖρε","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of βαλόντε","gloss":"arms","note":"χεῖρε, dual accusative 'two hands/arms' — the pair of arms thrown around Odysseus."},{"surface":"βαλόντε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖον","gloss":"throwing"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b21-l224","source":"καὶ κύνεον ἀγαπαζόμενοι κεφαλήν τε καὶ ὤμους","translation":"and welcoming him fondly they kissed his head and shoulders;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύνεον","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they kissed"},{"surface":"ἀγαπαζόμενοι","lemma":"ἀγαπάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κύνεον","gloss":"embracing"},{"surface":"κεφαλήν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b21-l225","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως Ὀδυσεὺς κεφαλὰς καὶ χεῖρας ἔκυσσε.","translation":"and in the same way Odysseus kissed their heads and hands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκυσσε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκυσσε","gloss":"likewise","note":"αὔτως, 'in just the same way' — Odysseus returns the affectionate kiss."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκυσσε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"κεφαλὰς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔκυσσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b21-l226","source":"καί νύ κʼ ὀδυρομένοισιν ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο,","translation":"And now the light of the sun would have gone down on their weeping,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l226.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί νύ κʼ ... ἔδυ","title":"Unreal past condition","body":"The aorist with the particle κε sets up a 'would have happened' clause, completed by the εἰ μή ('had not') in the next line. A standard Homeric near-miss formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδυ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ὀδυρομένοισιν","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping","note":"Dative plural participle 'for them weeping' — dative of disadvantage/circumstance with ἔδυ."},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have set","note":"καί νύ κ᾽...ἔδυ: unfulfilled past potential, 'the sun would have set' if not interrupted — classic epic contrary-to-fact idiom."},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φάος","gloss":"of the sun"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b21-l227","source":"εἰ μὴ Ὀδυσσεὺς αὐτὸς ἐρύκακε φώνησέν τε·","translation":"had not Odysseus himself checked them and spoken out:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἐρύκακε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"checked"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"spoke out"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b21-l228","source":"παύεσθον κλαυθμοῖο γόοιό τε, μή τις ἴδηται","translation":"\"Stop your weeping and lament, lest someone come out","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παύεσθον","title":"Dual imperative","body":"παύεσθον is a present middle imperative in the dual, commanding the two herdsmen together. Odysseus addresses exactly the pair who embraced him."}],"words":[{"surface":"παύεσθον","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stop","note":"Dual imperative παύεσθον, 'you two stop!' — Odysseus commands the pair together."},{"surface":"κλαυθμοῖο","lemma":"κλαυθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"γόοιό","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀτὰρ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἴδηται","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b21-l229","source":"ἐξελθὼν μεγάροιο, ἀτὰρ εἴπῃσι καὶ εἴσω.","translation":"from the hall and see us, and tell of it inside as well.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξελθὼν","lemma":"ἐξέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴδηται","gloss":"coming out"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξελθὼν","gloss":"of the hall"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴπῃσι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃσι","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b21-l230","source":"ἀλλὰ προμνηστῖνοι ἐσέλθετε, μηδʼ ἅμα πάντες,","translation":"Instead go in one at a time, not all together,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"προμνηστῖνοι","lemma":"προμνηστῖνοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"one by one","note":"προμνηστῖνοι, rare adverbial adjective 'in succession, one at a time' — found almost nowhere else in Homer."},{"surface":"ἐσέλθετε","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go in"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάντες","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b21-l231","source":"πρῶτος ἐγώ, μετὰ δʼ ὔμμες· ἀτὰρ τόδε σῆμα τετύχθω·","translation":"I first, and you after; and let this be the agreed sign:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l231.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σῆμα","title":"sêma, a sign","body":"σῆμα means a recognizable sign or token. Here it is the prearranged signal among the conspirators; the same word covers the scar and Zeus's later thunder."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"in apposition","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὔμμες","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you all","note":"ὔμμες, epic plural nominative of σύ 'you (pl.)' — distinct dialect form from Attic ὑμεῖς."},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of τετύχθω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"complement of τετύχθω","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"τετύχθω","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it be","note":"Perfect middle imperative τετύχθω 'let it stand fixed/established' — solemn command form."}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b21-l232","source":"ἄλλοι μὲν γὰρ πάντες, ὅσοι μνηστῆρες ἀγαυοί,","translation":"all the rest, every one of the proud suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐάσουσιν","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοί","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b21-l233","source":"οὐκ ἐάσουσιν ἐμοὶ δόμεναι βιὸν ἠδὲ φαρέτρην·","translation":"will not allow the bow and quiver to be given to me;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐάσουσιν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will allow"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐάσουσιν","gloss":"to be given","note":"δόμεναι, epic aorist infinitive of δίδωμι, alternative to δοῦναι."},{"surface":"βιὸν","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαρέτρην","lemma":"φαρέτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"quiver"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b21-l234","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ, δῖʼ Εὔμαιε, φέρων ἀνὰ δώματα τόξον","translation":"but you, noble Eumaeus, as you carry the bow through the house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δῖ","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὔμαιε","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος, formulaic vocative epithet 'god-like/noble,' regularly given to Eumaeus."},{"surface":"Εὔμαιε","lemma":"Εὔμαιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eumaeus"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θέμεναι","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέμεναι","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b21-l235","source":"ἐν χείρεσσιν ἐμοὶ θέμεναι, εἰπεῖν τε γυναιξὶ","translation":"place it in my hands, and tell the women","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χείρεσσιν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"θέμεναι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"place","note":"θέμεναι, epic aorist infinitive of τίθημι, 'to put/place' — parallel infinitive to εἰπεῖν, both dependent on the imperative sense of the command."},{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναιξὶ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b21-l236","source":"κληῗσαι μεγάροιο θύρας πυκινῶς ἀραρυίας,","translation":"to lock the close-fitted doors of the hall,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κληῗσαι","lemma":"κλείω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"to lock","note":"Aorist infinitive after implied purpose: 'to lock the doors' — epic infinitive of command."},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"of the hall"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κληῗσαι","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"πυκινῶς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀραρυίας","gloss":"closely, tightly"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"fitted, close-fitted","note":"Perfect participle of ἀραρίσκω 'to fit' — a stock Homeric epithet for well-joined doors."}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b21-l237","source":"ἢν δέ τις ἢ στοναχῆς ἠὲ κτύπου ἔνδον ἀκούσῃ","translation":"and if any of them hears groaning or the din of men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"στοναχῆς","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κτύπου","lemma":"κτύπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"din, noise"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃ","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢν","gloss":"hears","note":"Aorist subjunctive with ἢν = future-more-vivid condition, standard epic protasis."}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b21-l238","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἡμετέροισιν ἐν ἕρκεσι, μή τι θύραζε","translation":"within our walls, let her not come out the door,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"of the men"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροισιν","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρκεσι","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἕρκεσι","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"walls, enclosure"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to προβλώσκειν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of προβλώσκειν","gloss":"out the door","note":"θύραζε is a fossilized directional adverb ('doorward') built on θύρα, common in Homer for 'outside.'"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b21-l239","source":"προβλώσκειν, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ ἀκὴν ἔμεναι παρὰ ἔργῳ.","translation":"but stay right there in silence at her work.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"προβλώσκειν","lemma":"προβλώσκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"come forth"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμεναι","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμεναι","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay, remain","note":"Epic infinitive ἔμεναι = εἶναι 'to be'; the -μεναι ending is a common Homeric infinitive form."},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at, beside"},{"surface":"ἔργῳ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b21-l240","source":"σοὶ δέ, Φιλοίτιε δῖε, θύρας ἐπιτέλλομαι αὐλῆς","translation":"And to you, noble Philoetius, I give this charge: the courtyard gates","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιτέλλομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φιλοίτιε","lemma":"Φιλοίτιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Philoetius","note":"Vocative address to the loyal cowherd, one of Odysseus's faithful servants."},{"surface":"δῖε","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φιλοίτιε","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κληῗσαι","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέλλομαι","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I charge, command"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"of the courtyard"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b21-l241","source":"κληῗσαι κληῗδι, θοῶς δʼ ἐπὶ δεσμὸν ἰῆλαι.","translation":"to lock with the bar, and quickly throw the lashing over them.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κληῗσαι","lemma":"κλείω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"to lock"},{"surface":"κληῗδι","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κληῗσαι","gloss":"with a bar","note":"Instrumental dative κληῗδι 'with the bolt/bar' — same root as the verb κλείω, an etymological figure."},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰῆλαι","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon, over"},{"surface":"δεσμὸν","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰῆλαι","gloss":"lashing, cord"},{"surface":"ἰῆλαι","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"throw, cast"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b21-l242","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν εἰσῆλθε δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας·","translation":"So saying, he went into the well-built house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσῆλθε","gloss":"having said","note":"ὣς εἰπὼν 'so speaking' is a formulaic Homeric transition phrase closing direct speech."},{"surface":"εἰσῆλθε","lemma":"εἰσέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went in"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσῆλθε","gloss":"house, hall"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετάοντας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετάοντας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"well-built, dwelt-in"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b21-l243","source":"ἕζετʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ δίφρον ἰών, ἔνθεν περ ἀνέστη·","translation":"and sat down then on the stool he had come from, where he had risen;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sat down"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on, upon"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"stool, chair"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"going","note":"ἰών, present participle of εἶμι 'go,' paired with ἕζετ(ο) 'sat' — idiomatic Homeric pairing of motion + settling."},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"whence, from where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δίφρον","gloss":"he had risen"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b21-l244","source":"ἐς δʼ ἄρα καὶ τὼ δμῶε ἴτην θείου Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"and the two servants of godlike Odysseus went in as well.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also, too"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine article","role":"modifies δμῶε","gloss":"the two","note":"τὼ is dual-number article, agreeing with δμῶε — Greek marks pairs with a distinct dual form."},{"surface":"δμῶε","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴτην","gloss":"servants, slaves"},{"surface":"ἴτην","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went, entered","note":"ἴτην is 3rd dual imperfect of εἶμι — matches τὼ δμῶε as a grammatical pair, both dual forms."},{"surface":"θείου","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δμῶε","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b21-l245","source":"Εὐρύμαχος δʼ ἤδη τόξον μετὰ χερσὶν ἐνώμα,","translation":"Eurymachus by now was handling the bow in his hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνώμα","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμα","gloss":"already, by now"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνώμα","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in, among"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐνώμα","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was handling, turning"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b21-l246","source":"θάλπων ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα σέλᾳ πυρός· ἀλλά μιν οὐδʼ ὣς","translation":"warming it this way and that in the firelight; but even so","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάλπων","lemma":"θάλπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμα","gloss":"warming"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way","note":"ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα 'here and there' is a Homeric formula for back-and-forth motion."},{"surface":"σέλᾳ","lemma":"σέλας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θάλπων","gloss":"gleam, light"},{"surface":"πυρός","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σέλᾳ","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐντανύσαι","gloss":"it (the bow)"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύνατο","gloss":"even so, still","note":"οὐδʼ ὣς 'not even so' — despite the fire-warming trick, he still fails, building suspense before l247."}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b21-l247","source":"ἐντανύσαι δύνατο, μέγα δʼ ἔστενε κυδάλιμον κῆρ·","translation":"he could not string it, and his proud heart groaned aloud.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντανύσαι","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατο","gloss":"to string"},{"surface":"δύνατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔστενε","gloss":"greatly, loudly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστενε","lemma":"στένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"groaned"},{"surface":"κυδάλιμον","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"glorious, proud"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔστενε","gloss":"heart","note":"κῆρ is the poetic heart/spirit noun (distinct from καρδία), often paired with emotion verbs like στένω."}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b21-l248","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"In vexation he spoke, and said aloud, naming his grief:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"vexed, angered"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε links ἔφατ᾽ and ὀνόμαζεν; ἔπος τ᾽ ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνόμαζεν is a fixed formula for beginning a speech."},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named, uttered"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b21-l249","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἧ μοι ἄχος περί τʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ\n                     πάντων·","translation":"\"Oh no — grief for myself indeed, and grief for us all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l249.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄχος","title":"akhos, grief","body":"ἄχος is sharp, sudden distress. Eurymachus feels it both for himself and for the whole company of suitors."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alas","note":"ὢ πόποι is a stock Homeric exclamation of dismay, opening a speech of frustration."},{"surface":"ἧ","lemma":"ἧ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"περί","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies περί","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies περὶ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b21-l250","source":"οὔ τι γάμου τοσσοῦτον ὀδύρομαι, ἀχνύμενός περ·","translation":"It is not so much for the marriage that I grieve, grieved though I am;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"γάμου","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"τοσσοῦτον","lemma":"τοσοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ὀδύρομαι","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I grieve"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενός","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρομαι","gloss":"grieving","note":"ἀχνύμενός περ 'grieved though I am' — concessive περ with participle, a common Homeric idiom."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though, indeed"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b21-l251","source":"εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλαι πολλαὶ Ἀχαιΐδες, αἱ μὲν ἐν αὐτῇ","translation":"there are many other Achaean women, some in","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιΐδες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πολλαὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιΐδες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιΐδες","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Achaean women"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"some","note":"αἱ μὲν...αἱ δ᾽ (next line) is a classic Homeric μέν/δέ correlative splitting a group into 'some...others.'"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκῃ","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b21-l252","source":"ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ, αἱ δʼ ἄλλῃσιν πολίεσσιν·","translation":"sea-girt Ithaca itself, and some in the other cities;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφιάλῳ","lemma":"ἀμφίαλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκῃ","gloss":"sea-girt"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃσιν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πολίεσσιν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πολίεσσιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies αἱ","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b21-l253","source":"ἀλλʼ εἰ δὴ τοσσόνδε βίης ἐπιδευέες εἰμὲν","translation":"but if we fall so far short in strength","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l253.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βίης","title":"biê, force","body":"βίη is brute bodily force or might. The whole bow contest measures the suitors against Odysseus precisely in this quality, which they keep lacking."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοσσόνδε","lemma":"τοσόσδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰμὲν","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"βίης","lemma":"βία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιδευέες","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"ἐπιδευέες","lemma":"ἐπιδευής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lacking, short of","note":"ἐπιδευέες + genitive βίης 'lacking in strength' — genitive of respect governed by the adjective."},{"surface":"εἰμὲν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b21-l254","source":"ἀντιθέου Ὀδυσῆος, ὅ τʼ οὐ δυνάμεσθα τανύσσαι","translation":"of godlike Odysseus, that we cannot string","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιθέου","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίης","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that, which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δυνάμεσθα","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅ","gloss":"we can, are able"},{"surface":"τανύσσαι","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δυνάμεσθα","gloss":"to string"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b21-l255","source":"τόξον· ἐλεγχείη δὲ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι.","translation":"his bow — that is a disgrace for men to come to hear of.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τανύσσαι","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"ἐλεγχείη","lemma":"ἐλεγχείη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"disgrace, reproach","note":"ἐλεγχείη names the social shame of failure — a key Homeric value word tying prowess to honor."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐσσομένοισι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of πυθέσθαι","gloss":"future men, men to come"},{"surface":"πυθέσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies ἐλεγχείη","gloss":"to hear, learn"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b21-l256","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίνοος προσέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός·","translation":"Then Antinous, son of Eupeithes, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered, addressed"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθεος","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Eupeithes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b21-l257","source":"Εὐρύμαχʼ, οὐχ οὕτως ἔσται· νοέεις δὲ καὶ αὐτός.","translation":"\"Eurymachus, it will not be so, and you know it yourself.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχ","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurymachus","note":"Vocative address opening Antinous's reply speech."},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσται","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it will be"},{"surface":"νοέεις","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you perceive, know"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b21-l258","source":"νῦν μὲν γὰρ κατὰ δῆμον ἑορτὴ τοῖο θεοῖο","translation":"For today there is a holy feast of the god","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the land, district"},{"surface":"ἑορτὴ","lemma":"ἑορτή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"feast, festival"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies θεοῖο","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑορτὴ","gloss":"god","note":"θεοῖο is the epic genitive singular ending -οιο, distinctive of Homeric declension vs Attic -ου."}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b21-l259","source":"ἁγνή· τίς δέ κε τόξα τιταίνοιτʼ; ἀλλὰ ἕκηλοι","translation":"throughout the land; who would be bending bows? Set it down","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁγνή","lemma":"ἁγνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑορτὴ","gloss":"holy, sacred"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τιταίνοιτ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would, might"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τιταίνοιτ᾽","gloss":"bows"},{"surface":"τιταίνοιτ","lemma":"τιταίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would bend, string","note":"Potential optative τιταίνοιτ᾽ with κε — rhetorical question implying 'no one would/should.'"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕκηλοι","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease, quietly"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b21-l260","source":"κάτθετʼ· ἀτὰρ πελέκεάς γε καὶ εἴ κʼ εἰῶμεν ἅπαντας","translation":"quietly; and as for the axes, even if we let them all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθετ","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set it down, lay aside"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, yet"},{"surface":"πελέκεάς","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἑστάμεν","gloss":"axes"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(particle: would)"},{"surface":"εἰῶμεν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"we let, allow"},{"surface":"ἅπαντας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πελέκεάς","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b21-l261","source":"ἑστάμεν· οὐ μὲν γάρ τινʼ ἀναιρήσεσθαι ὀΐω,","translation":"stand there — no one, I think, will carry them off,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστάμεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to stand","note":"Perfect infinitive ἑστάμεν (=ἑστάναι) — epic perfect form of ἵστημι meaning 'to stand (fixed).'"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναιρήσεσθαι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀναιρήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀΐω","gloss":"will carry off"},{"surface":"ὀΐω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think, suppose"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b21-l262","source":"ἐλθόντʼ ἐς μέγαρον Λαερτιάδεω Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"coming into the hall of Odysseus, son of Laertes.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέγαρον","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδεω","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆος","gloss":"son of Laertes","note":"Patronymic epithet for Odysseus, a recurring formulaic title in the epic."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μέγαρον","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b21-l263","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ, οἰνοχόος μὲν ἐπαρξάσθω δεπάεσσιν,","translation":"Come now, let the wine-pourer begin the rounds with the cups,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἀλλ᾽ ἄγετ(ε) 'but come!' is a stock Homeric exhortation opening a call to action."},{"surface":"οἰνοχόος","lemma":"οἰνοχόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπαρξάσθω","gloss":"wine-pourer, cupbearer"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπαρξάσθω","lemma":"ἐπάρχω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him begin"},{"surface":"δεπάεσσιν","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπαρξάσθω","gloss":"with cups"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b21-l264","source":"ὄφρα σπείσαντες καταθείομεν ἀγκύλα τόξα·","translation":"so that, having poured libations, we may set aside the curved bows;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σπείσαντες","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καταθείομεν","gloss":"having poured libations","note":"aorist participle, action prior to the main verb καταθείομεν."},{"surface":"καταθείομεν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we may set aside"},{"surface":"ἀγκύλα","lemma":"ἀγκύλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καταθείομεν","gloss":"bows","note":"τόξα, the suitors' contest-bows, picked up again through this whole scene."}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b21-l265","source":"ἠῶθεν δὲ κέλεσθε Μελάνθιον, αἰπόλον αἰγῶν,","translation":"and at dawn bid Melanthius, the goatherd,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἕωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέλεσθε","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέλεσθε","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bid, command","note":"κέλεσθε is imperative in sense though morphology tags it imperfect indicative — epic often blurs the two in direct address."},{"surface":"Μελάνθιον","lemma":"Μελάνθιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Melanthius"},{"surface":"αἰπόλον","lemma":"αἰπόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goatherd"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies αἰπόλον","gloss":"of goats"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b21-l266","source":"αἶγας ἄγειν, αἳ πᾶσι μέγʼ ἔξοχοι αἰπολίοισιν,","translation":"bring goats, the very best in all the flocks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄγειν","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ἄγειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλεσθε","gloss":"to bring"},{"surface":"αἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which, who"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἰπολίοισιν","gloss":"among all"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"greatly","note":"μέγα used adverbially with ἔξοχοι, 'far and away' the best."},{"surface":"ἔξοχοι","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"outstanding, best"},{"surface":"αἰπολίοισιν","lemma":"αἰπόλιον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἔξοχοι","gloss":"in the flocks"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b21-l267","source":"ὄφρʼ ἐπὶ μηρία θέντες Ἀπόλλωνι κλυτοτόξῳ","translation":"so that, laying the thigh-pieces before Apollo famed for the bow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l267.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κλυτοτόξῳ","title":"Epithet of Apollo","body":"κλυτότοξος, 'famous for the bow,' is a fixed epithet for Apollo. Such formulaic epithets fit the meter and recall the god's defining attribute."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon, on"},{"surface":"μηρία","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέντες","gloss":"thigh-pieces","note":"the sacrificial cuts burned for the gods, a stock ritual formula."},{"surface":"θέντες","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having laid, set"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνι","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θέντες","gloss":"to Apollo"},{"surface":"κλυτοτόξῳ","lemma":"κλυτότοξος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνι","gloss":"famed for the bow","note":"κλυτότοξος — fitting epithet: Apollo the archer-god invoked just before the bow-contest."}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b21-l268","source":"τόξου πειρώμεσθα καὶ ἐκτελέωμεν ἄεθλον.","translation":"we may make trial of the bow and bring the contest to an end.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξου","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of πειρώμεσθα","gloss":"of the bow"},{"surface":"πειρώμεσθα","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"we may make trial"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκτελέωμεν","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"we may complete"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκτελέωμεν","gloss":"the contest"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b21-l269","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀντίνοος, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπιήνδανε μῦθος.","translation":"So spoke Antinous, and the saying pleased them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔφατ(ο), the standard formulaic speech-closing verb (ὣς ἔφατ᾽)."},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιήνδανε","lemma":"ἐφανδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was pleasing"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιήνδανε","gloss":"the word, speech"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b21-l270","source":"τοῖσι δὲ κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν,","translation":"Then the heralds poured water over their hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχευαν","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχευαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"formulaic hand-washing line before a meal, repeated across the poem."}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b21-l271","source":"κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο,","translation":"and the young men filled the mixing-bowls brimful with drink,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρητῆρας","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"mixing-bowls"},{"surface":"ἐπεστέψαντο","lemma":"ἐπιστέφω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crowned, filled brimful","note":"ἐπιστέφω literally 'crown' — the wine is heaped to the rim, a vivid feast image."},{"surface":"ποτοῖο","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"of drink"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b21-l272","source":"νώμησαν δʼ ἄρα πᾶσιν ἐπαρξάμενοι δεπάεσσιν.","translation":"and served it round to all, with first-drops poured into the cups.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώμησαν","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"served round, distributed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of νώμησαν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"ἐπαρξάμενοι","lemma":"ἐπάρχω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to νώμησαν","gloss":"having poured first drops","note":"ritual first-pour before general serving, a libation gesture."},{"surface":"δεπάεσσιν","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπαρξάμενοι","gloss":"in cups"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b21-l273","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν σπεῖσάν τʼ ἔπιόν θʼ ὅσον ἤθελε θυμός,","translation":"And when they had poured libation and drunk as much as their hearts desired,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"then, so"},{"surface":"σπεῖσάν","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"had poured libation"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπιόν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"had drunk"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"desired"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"heart, spirit"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b21-l274","source":"τοῖς δὲ δολοφρονέων μετέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"the resourceful Odysseus, with cunning intent, spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l274.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δολοφρονέων","title":"Present participle of intent","body":"δολοφρονέων, 'devising guile,' is a present participle describing Odysseus's frame of mind as he speaks. πολύμητις, 'of many devices,' is his standing epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δολοφρονέων","lemma":"δολοφρονέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετέφη","gloss":"scheming, with cunning intent","note":"δολοφρονέων flags Odysseus's hidden purpose — he speaks with a plan the suitors can't see."},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among them"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful, of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus's signature epithet — 'of many devices.'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b21-l275","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγακλειτῆς βασιλείης·","translation":"\"Listen to me, suitors of the glorious queen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτέ","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear, listen","note":"perfect imperative κέκλυτε, 'have heard' → a strong 'listen!' command, common speech-opener formula."},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτέ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀγακλειτῆς","lemma":"ἀγακλειτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλείης","gloss":"of the far-famed"},{"surface":"βασιλείης","lemma":"βασίλεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"queen","note":"βασιλείης refers to Penelope — the suitors are formally her suitors."}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b21-l276","source":"ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει·","translation":"that I may say what the heart in my breast commands:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may say"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"the things which"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελεύει","gloss":"heart, spirit"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"bids, commands"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b21-l277","source":"Εὐρύμαχον δὲ μάλιστα καὶ Ἀντίνοον θεοειδέα","translation":"above all Eurymachus and godlike Antinous","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχον","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίσσομ᾽","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοον","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"θεοειδέα","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντίνοον","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b21-l278","source":"λίσσομʼ, ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῦτο ἔπος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπε,","translation":"I beg, since he too spoke this word rightly —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσομ","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I beg, entreat"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also, indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due measure, rightly","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν, a formula meaning 'fittingly, as is proper.'"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b21-l279","source":"νῦν μὲν παῦσαι τόξον, ἐπιτρέψαι δὲ θεοῖσιν·","translation":"for now leave off the bow, and entrust the matter to the gods;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παῦσαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παῦσαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to cease from, leave off"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παῦσαι","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"ἐπιτρέψαι","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"to entrust"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιτρέψαι","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b21-l280","source":"ἠῶθεν δὲ θεὸς δώσει κράτος ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν.","translation":"at dawn a god will give the victory to whomever he wishes.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l280.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν","title":"Indefinite relative","body":"The subjunctive ἐθέλῃσιν with κε makes this an indefinite, general clause: 'to whomever he may wish.' Homeric subjunctives often carry this open-ended sense."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἕωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δώσει","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώσει","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δώσει","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"victory, mastery"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to whomever"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"κε with the subjunctive ἐθέλῃσιν marks a general, indefinite 'whomever he wishes.'"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσιν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δώσει","gloss":"he wishes"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b21-l281","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἐμοὶ δότε τόξον ἐΰξοον, ὄφρα μεθʼ ὑμῖν","translation":"But come, give me the polished bow, so that among you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δότε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δότε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δότε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"ἐΰξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"polished, well-worked"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεθ᾽","gloss":"you (pl.)"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b21-l282","source":"χειρῶν καὶ σθένεος πειρήσομαι, ἤ μοι ἔτʼ ἐστὶν","translation":"I may test my hands and strength — whether I still have","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of hands"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένεος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of strength"},{"surface":"πειρήσομαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may test","note":"Odysseus disguises his real aim — testing the bow — as merely testing his own body, dramatic irony for the audience."},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστὶν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"is, remains"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b21-l283","source":"ἴς, οἵη πάρος ἔσκεν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσιν,","translation":"the force that was once in my supple limbs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"strength, force"},{"surface":"οἵη","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"such as, of the sort that"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσκεν","gloss":"formerly, before"},{"surface":"ἔσκεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἴς","gloss":"used to be","note":"ἔσκεν, iterative imperfect form typical of Homeric habitual past ('used to be')."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γναμπτοῖσι","lemma":"γναμπτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέλεσσιν","gloss":"supple, pliant"},{"surface":"μέλεσσιν","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"limbs"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b21-l284","source":"ἦ ἤδη μοι ὄλεσσεν ἄλη τʼ ἀκομιστίη τε.","translation":"or whether by now my wandering and want of care have wasted it.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλεσσεν","gloss":"already, by now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὄλεσσεν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"has destroyed, wasted"},{"surface":"ἄλη","lemma":"ἄλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"wandering","note":"ἄλη, Odysseus's twenty years of wandering, named as the force that may have worn out his strength."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκομιστίη","lemma":"ἀκομιστία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"lack of care, neglect"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b21-l285","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ὑπερφιάλως\n                  νεμέσησαν,","translation":"So he spoke, and they were all exceedingly indignant,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμέσησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλως","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νεμέσησαν","gloss":"exceedingly, insolently","note":"ὑπερφιάλως echoes the suitors' recurring epithet 'overweening' — their own arrogance colors even their outrage."},{"surface":"νεμέσησαν","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were indignant"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b21-l286","source":"δείσαντες μὴ τόξον ἐΰξοον ἐντανύσειεν.","translation":"fearing that he might string the polished bow.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείσαντες","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to νεμέσησαν","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest, that"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐντανύσειεν","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"ἐΰξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"polished, well-worked"},{"surface":"ἐντανύσειεν","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"he might string","note":"the suitors' real fear surfaces: that a beggar could succeed where they failed."}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b21-l287","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"Antinous rebuked him, and spoke aloud, naming him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνοος","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνένιπεν","lemma":"ἐνίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rebuked"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"ἔκ...ὀνόμαζεν, 'named him aloud' — a formulaic phrase for addressing someone directly and pointedly."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named, addressed"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b21-l288","source":"ἆ δειλὲ ξείνων, ἔνι τοι φρένες οὐδʼ ἠβαιαί·","translation":"\"Wretched stranger, you have not the least bit of sense.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆ","lemma":"ἆ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah!"},{"surface":"δειλὲ","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretched","note":"δειλέ ξείνων, vocative of contempt — Antinous mocks Odysseus's beggar disguise even as he unknowingly insults the king."},{"surface":"ξείνων","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δειλὲ","gloss":"of strangers"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in, within"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"wits, senses"},{"surface":"ἠβαιαί","lemma":"ἠβαιός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρένες","gloss":"the least bit"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b21-l289","source":"οὐκ ἀγαπᾷς ὃ ἕκηλος ὑπερφιάλοισι μεθʼ ἡμῖν","translation":"Are you not content to dine in peace among us proud men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀγαπᾷς","lemma":"ἀγαπάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you content"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἕκηλος","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease, in peace"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλοισι","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμῖν","gloss":"overbearing, proud","note":"ὑπερφιάλοισι — Antinous unwittingly calls his own faction 'overweening,' the poem's stock label for the suitors."},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεθ᾽","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b21-l290","source":"δαίνυσαι, οὐδέ τι δαιτὸς ἀμέρδεαι, αὐτὰρ ἀκούεις","translation":"and to lack no share of the feast, but to listen","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυσαι","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"you feast, dine"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμέρδεαι","gloss":"any, some"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμέρδεαι","gloss":"of the feast"},{"surface":"ἀμέρδεαι","lemma":"ἀμέρδω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"are deprived, lack"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκούεις","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"you listen"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b21-l291","source":"μύθων ἡμετέρων καὶ ῥήσιος; οὐδέ τις ἄλλος","translation":"to our talk and speech? No other beggar or stranger","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of words, talk"},{"surface":"ἡμετέρων","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθων","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥήσιος","lemma":"ῥῆσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b21-l292","source":"ἡμετέρων μύθων ξεῖνος καὶ πτωχὸς ἀκούει.","translation":"gets to listen to our talk.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέρων","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθων","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούει","gloss":"talk"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτωχὸς","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"beggar"},{"surface":"ἀκούει","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gets to listen","note":"vivid present ἀκούει: the beggar 'is listening' right now, drawing suitors' scorn"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b21-l293","source":"οἶνός σε τρώει μελιηδής, ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους","translation":"The honey-sweet wine is wounding you — wine that harms others too,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνός","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρώει","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τρώει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τρώει","lemma":"τιτρώσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is wounding","note":"τιτρώσκω 'wound' used metaphorically of wine's harm — vivid epic verb choice"},{"surface":"μελιηδής","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνός","gloss":"honey-sweet","note":"μελιηδής, a stock Homeric epithet for wine, formulaic pairing"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βλάπτει","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[epic tag]"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of βλάπτει","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b21-l294","source":"βλάπτει, ὃς ἄν μιν χανδὸν ἕλῃ μηδʼ αἴσιμα πίνῃ.","translation":"whoever gulps it greedily and does not drink within measure.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βλάπτει","lemma":"βλάπτω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἶνός","gloss":"harms"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[indefinite marker]","note":"ἄν + subjunctive ἕλῃ/πίνῃ = generalizing 'whoever' clause, a common Homeric pattern"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλῃ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"χανδὸν","lemma":"χανδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλῃ","gloss":"greedily"},{"surface":"ἕλῃ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"gulps"},{"surface":"αἴσιμα","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πίνῃ","gloss":"in measure","note":"neuter plural adjective used adverbially, 'within due bounds'"},{"surface":"πίνῃ","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"drinks"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b21-l295","source":"οἶνος καὶ Κένταυρον, ἀγακλυτὸν Εὐρυτίωνα,","translation":"It was wine that ruined the Centaur, glorious Eurytion,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνος","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄασ᾽","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Κένταυρον","lemma":"Κένταυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the Centaur"},{"surface":"ἀγακλυτὸν","lemma":"ἀγακλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρυτίωνα","gloss":"glorious","note":"ἀγακλυτός, epic intensifying prefix ἀγα- 'very' + κλυτός 'renowned'"},{"surface":"Εὐρυτίωνα","lemma":"Εὐρυτίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Eurytion"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b21-l296","source":"ἄασʼ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ μεγαθύμου Πειριθόοιο,","translation":"in the hall of great-hearted Peirithous,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄασ","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ruined","note":"ἀάω 'blind/delude', the mythic exemplum's key verb — wine literally 'blinds' Eurytion's judgment"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάρῳ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πειριθόοιο","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Πειριθόοιο","lemma":"Πειρίθοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάρῳ","gloss":"Peirithous"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b21-l297","source":"ἐς Λαπίθας ἐλθόνθʼ· ὁ δʼ ἐπεὶ φρένας ἄασεν οἴνῳ,","translation":"when he came among the Lapiths; and once he had crazed his wits with wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Λαπίθας","lemma":"Λαπίθαι","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the Lapiths"},{"surface":"ἐλθόνθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρεξε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἄασεν","gloss":"wits"},{"surface":"ἄασεν","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"crazed","note":"same verb ἀάω repeated from l296 — Homer hammers the wine-madness theme by repetition"},{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄασεν","gloss":"with wine"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b21-l298","source":"μαινόμενος κάκʼ ἔρεξε δόμον κάτα Πειριθόοιο·","translation":"in his madness he did evil throughout the house of Peirithous.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαινόμενος","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρεξε","gloss":"raging","note":"μαίνομαι participle, vivid 'in madness' picking up the ἀάω theme"},{"surface":"κάκ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔρεξε","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔρεξε","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"Πειριθόοιο","lemma":"Πειρίθοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"of Peirithous"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b21-l299","source":"ἥρωας δʼ ἄχος εἷλε, διὲκ προθύρου δὲ θύραζε","translation":"Grief seized the heroes, and out through the porch and the door","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρωας","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἷλε","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἷλε","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"εἷλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized","note":"αἱρέω 'seize' with abstract subject ἄχος — grief as an active force gripping the heroes"},{"surface":"διὲκ","lemma":"διέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out through"},{"surface":"προθύρου","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὲκ","gloss":"porch"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἕλκον","gloss":"out the door"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b21-l300","source":"ἕλκον ἀναΐξαντες, ἀπʼ οὔατα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ","translation":"they sprang up and dragged him, and with pitiless bronze his ears","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕλκον","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξαντες","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκον","gloss":"springing up"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[intensifier]"},{"surface":"οὔατα","lemma":"οὖς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"ears"},{"surface":"νηλέϊ","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless","note":"νηλής χαλκῷ, formulaic 'pitiless bronze' epithet for a weapon/tool doing violence"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμήσαντες","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b21-l301","source":"ῥῖνάς τʼ ἀμήσαντες· ὁ δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀασθεὶς","translation":"and nose they sheared off; and he, deranged in his wits,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῖνάς","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"nose"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμήσαντες","lemma":"ἀμάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκον","gloss":"sheared off"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤϊεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἀασθεὶς","gloss":"in wits"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἀασθεὶς","lemma":"ἀάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊεν","gloss":"deranged","note":"aorist passive of ἀάω, third recurrence of the wine-blindness verb in this passage"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b21-l302","source":"ἤϊεν ἣν ἄτην ὀχέων ἀεσίφρονι θυμῷ.","translation":"went his way, bearing his ruin in his witless heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄτην","title":"atê, ruinous folly","body":"ἄτη is blind, god-sent or self-incurred folly and the disaster it brings. The centaur carries it away as the consequence of his own drunken outrage."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went his way"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄτην","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἄτην","lemma":"ἄτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀχέων","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"ὀχέων","lemma":"ὀχέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊεν","gloss":"bearing","note":"ὀχέω 'carry/bear' metaphorically — carrying his ἄτη (ruin/delusion) like a physical burden"},{"surface":"ἀεσίφρονι","lemma":"ἀεσίφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"witless"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὀχέων","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b21-l303","source":"ἐξ οὗ Κενταύροισι καὶ ἀνδράσι νεῖκος ἐτύχθη,","translation":"From that came the quarrel between Centaurs and men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Κενταύροισι","lemma":"Κένταυρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Centaurs"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐτύχθη","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arose","note":"aorist passive of τεύχω 'make/fashion' — 'was wrought', the strife was 'created' between the two peoples"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b21-l304","source":"οἷ δʼ αὐτῷ πρώτῳ κακὸν εὕρετο οἰνοβαρείων.","translation":"but he was the first to bring evil on himself by his drunkenness.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὕρετο","gloss":"on himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"πρώτῳ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of εὕρετο","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"εὕρετο","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought","note":"middle voice εὕρετο 'found for himself' — self-inflicted, fitting the moral of the exemplum"},{"surface":"οἰνοβαρείων","lemma":"οἰνοβαρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"drunk with wine","note":"οἰνοβαρείων, a vivid compound 'wine-heavy', describing his drunken state"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b21-l305","source":"ὣς καὶ σοὶ μέγα πῆμα πιφαύσκομαι, αἴ κε τὸ τόξον","translation":"Just so I foretell great trouble for you too, if you string","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πιφαύσκομαι","gloss":"just so"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of πιφαύσκομαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πιφαύσκομαι","gloss":"trouble"},{"surface":"πιφαύσκομαι","lemma":"πιφαύσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I foretell","note":"πιφαύσκομαι, a formal/oracular verb of proclaiming — Antinous poses as a prophet of doom"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐντανύσῃς","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b21-l306","source":"ἐντανύσῃς· οὐ γάρ τευ ἐπητύος ἀντιβολήσεις","translation":"this bow; for you will meet with no kindness","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντανύσῃς","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"string","note":"ἐντανύω 'stretch/string' — the central verb of the whole bow-contest scene, repeated across this passage"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἐπητύος","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἐπητύος","lemma":"ἐπητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀντιβολήσεις","gloss":"kindness"},{"surface":"ἀντιβολήσεις","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will meet"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b21-l307","source":"ἡμετέρῳ ἐνὶ δήμῳ, ἄφαρ δέ σε νηῒ μελαίνῃ","translation":"in our land, but at once in a black ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέρῳ","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέμψομεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of πέμψομεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πέμψομεν","gloss":"in a ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black","note":"νηῒ μελαίνῃ, a stock Homeric formula for 'black ship' filling out the line"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b21-l308","source":"εἰς Ἔχετον βασιλῆα, βροτῶν δηλήμονα πάντων,","translation":"to King Echetus, the maimer of all mortals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἔχετον","lemma":"Ἔχετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Echetus"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἔχετον","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δηλήμονα","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"δηλήμονα","lemma":"δηλήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"maimer","note":"Echetus is a stock bogeyman-king in Homer, invoked elsewhere as a byword for savage cruelty"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτῶν","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b21-l309","source":"πέμψομεν· ἔνθεν δʼ οὔ τι σαώσεαι· ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος","translation":"we will send you; and from there you will not save yourself. So drink","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψομεν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we will send"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σαώσεαι","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to σαώσεαι","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"σαώσεαι","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will save yourself"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕκηλος","lemma":"ἕκηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease","note":"ἕκηλος 'undisturbed' — sarcastic instruction to just drink quietly instead of competing"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b21-l310","source":"πῖνέ τε, μηδʼ ἐρίδαινε μετʼ ἀνδράσι κουροτέροισιν.","translation":"in peace, and do not quarrel with men younger than you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῖνέ","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[connective]"},{"surface":"ἐρίδαινε","lemma":"ἐριδαίνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do not quarrel"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κουροτέροισιν","lemma":"κουρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"younger","note":"comparative κουρότερος 'younger' — Antinous condescendingly reminds the old beggar of his age"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b21-l311","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"Then wise Penelope answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"περίφρων","title":"Epithet of Penelope","body":"περίφρων, 'circumspect, wise,' is Penelope's regular epithet. The line is a standard speech-introduction formula naming her by this fixed quality."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων, Penelope's regular Homeric epithet, 'circumspect/very shrewd'"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b21-l312","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, οὐ μὲν καλὸν ἀτέμβειν οὐδὲ δίκαιον","translation":"\"Antinous, it is neither right nor just","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l312.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δίκαιον","title":"dikaios, just","body":"δίκαιος denotes what accords with right and custom. Penelope appeals to the norm of hospitality, which the suitors are flouting."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίνο","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"ἀτέμβειν","lemma":"ἀτέμβω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to mistreat","note":"infinitive ἀτέμβειν as subject of an impersonal 'it is not fair to...' construction"},{"surface":"δίκαιον","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b21-l313","source":"ξείνους Τηλεμάχου, ὅς κεν τάδε δώμαθʼ ἵκηται·","translation":"to mistreat the guests of Telemachus, whoever comes to this house.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀτέμβειν","gloss":"guests"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχου","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ξείνους","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξείνους","gloss":"comes","note":"subjunctive ἵκηται in a generalizing relative clause, 'whoever comes...'"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b21-l314","source":"ἔλπεαι, αἴ χʼ ὁ ξεῖνος Ὀδυσσῆος μέγα τόξον","translation":"Do you suppose that, if the stranger should string the great bow","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλπεαι","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you suppose","note":"ἔλπω 'hope/expect', here pointedly ironic — Penelope challenges Antinous's assumption"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐντανύσῃ","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐντανύσῃ","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b21-l315","source":"ἐντανύσῃ χερσίν τε βίηφί τε ἧφι πιθήσας,","translation":"of Odysseus, trusting in his hands and his strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐντανύσῃ","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"strings"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίηφί","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"strength","note":"instrumental dative βίηφί with archaic -φι ending, an epic case-form surviving in formulas"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἧφι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίηφί","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πιθήσας","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐντανύσῃ","gloss":"trusting"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b21-l316","source":"οἴκαδέ μʼ ἄξεσθαι καὶ ἑὴν θήσεσθαι ἄκοιτιν;","translation":"he would lead me home and make me his wife?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδέ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄξεσθαι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄξεσθαι","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"lead"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑὴν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκοιτιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"θήσεσθαι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"make"},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"complement of θήσεσθαι","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b21-l317","source":"οὐδʼ αὐτός που τοῦτό γʼ ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔολπε·","translation":"Not even he himself, I think, has any such hope in his breast;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"τοῦτό","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔολπε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἔολπε","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has hoped","note":"perfect ἔολπε, 'has come to hope/expect' — the stranger himself has no such expectation, Penelope implies"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b21-l318","source":"μηδέ τις ὑμείων τοῦ γʼ εἵνεκα θυμὸν ἀχεύων","translation":"so let none of you, grieving in his heart over this,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαινύσθω","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ὑμείων","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive plural pronoun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"over this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀχεύων","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀχεύων","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δαινύσθω","gloss":"grieving"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b21-l319","source":"ἐνθάδε δαινύσθω, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ ἔοικεν.","translation":"feast here in distress — since it would not be fitting at all.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαινύσθω","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"δαινύσθω","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him feast"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"οὐδὲ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is fitting"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b21-l320","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύμαχος, Πολύβου πάϊς, ἀντίον\n                  ηὔδα·","translation":"Then Eurymachus, son of Polybus, answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχος","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"Πολύβου","lemma":"Πόλυβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Polybus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply","note":"ἀντίον ηὔδα, formulaic epic pairing meaning 'spoke in answer'"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b21-l321","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρον Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"\"Daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίοιο","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"περίφρον","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise, prudent","note":"epithet for Penelope; vocative in -ον, an epic feminine form"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b21-l322","source":"οὔ τί σε τόνδʼ ἄξεσθαι ὀϊόμεθʼ· οὐδὲ ἔοικεν·","translation":"we do not suppose that this man will lead you off — it would not be fitting —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀϊόμεθ᾽","gloss":"at all","note":"inner accusative/adverbial τι reinforcing the negation, 'not at all'"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἄξεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τόνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄξεσθαι","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἄξεσθαι","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀϊόμεθ᾽","gloss":"will lead off","note":"future middle infinitive of ἄγω-type verb, marriage-by-capture idiom 'lead off as bride'"},{"surface":"ὀϊόμεθ","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we suppose","note":"imperfect of οἴομαι used with present sense, common epic usage"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is fitting"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b21-l323","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰσχυνόμενοι φάτιν ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν,","translation":"but we shrink from the talk of men and of women,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰσχυνόμενοι","lemma":"αἰσχύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"shrinking from","note":"middle participle, 'feeling shame before'"},{"surface":"φάτιν","lemma":"φάτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of αἰσχυνόμενοι","gloss":"talk, rumor"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of women"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b21-l324","source":"μή ποτέ τις εἴπῃσι κακώτερος ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"lest some baser man among the Achaeans ever say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to εἴπῃσι","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπῃσι","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπῃσι","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"should say","note":"aorist subjunctive after μή, fear-clause construction"},{"surface":"κακώτερος","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"baser, worse"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b21-l325","source":"ἦ πολὺ χείρονες ἄνδρες ἀμύμονος ἀνδρὸς ἄκοιτιν","translation":"'Truly far lesser men are wooing the wife of a flawless man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far","note":"neuter accusative πολύ used adverbially to intensify the comparative"},{"surface":"χείρονες","lemma":"χείρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"lesser men"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μνῶνται","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"of a flawless"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄκοιτιν","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνῶνται","gloss":"wife","note":"ἄκοιτις, poetic word for wife, object of implied μνῶνται 'woo'"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b21-l326","source":"μνῶνται, οὐδέ τι τόξον ἐΰξοον ἐντανύουσιν·","translation":"and they cannot string his polished bow;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνῶνται","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"woo, court"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐντανύουσιν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐντανύουσιν","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἐΰξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"well-polished","note":"epithet compound εὔ+ξέω 'well-planed', standard bow epithet"},{"surface":"ἐντανύουσιν","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"string, draw taut"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b21-l327","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄλλος τις πτωχὸς ἀνὴρ ἀλαλήμενος ἐλθὼν","translation":"but another, a beggar man, wandering and come from nowhere,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"πτωχὸς","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"beggar"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἀλαλήμενος","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλθὼν","gloss":"wandering","note":"perfect-stem participle of ἀλάομαι with present force, 'having wandered/being a wanderer'"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"having come"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b21-l328","source":"ῥηϊδίως ἐτάνυσσε βιόν, διὰ δʼ ἧκε σιδήρου.","translation":"strung the bow easily, and shot an arrow clean through the iron.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strung","note":"aorist of τανύω, 'stretched/strung' the bow"},{"surface":"βιόν","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent, shot","note":"tmesis: διὰ...ἧκε split apart, 'shot the arrow through'"},{"surface":"σιδήρου","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"of iron, the axes"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b21-l329","source":"ὣς ἐρέουσʼ, ἡμῖν δʼ ἂν ἐλέγχεα ταῦτα γένοιτο.","translation":"So they will say, and it would become a reproach to us.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l329.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐλέγχεα","title":"elenchea, reproaches","body":"ἐλέγχεα are sources of shame or disgrace. Eurymachus fears the suitors' reputation, not the actual marriage."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέουσ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἐρέουσ","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they will say"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένοιτο","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"ἄν with optative γένοιτο marks a potential/future-less-vivid outcome"},{"surface":"ἐλέγχεα","lemma":"ἔλεγχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"reproach, disgrace"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would become"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b21-l330","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·","translation":"Then wise Penelope answered him again:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l330.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προσέειπε","title":"Speech-frame aorist","body":"προσέειπε is an aorist ('addressed'), the standard verb closing one speech and opening the next. The line is a fixed formula introducing Penelope's reply."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again, in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"wise, prudent","note":"recurring epithet formula περίφρων Πηνελόπεια, a fixed epic phrase"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b21-l331","source":"Εὐρύμαχʼ, οὔ πως ἔστιν ἐϋκλεῖας κατὰ δῆμον","translation":"\"Eurymachus, there is no way for men to keep a good name throughout the land","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύμαχ","lemma":"Εὐρύμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurymachus"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔστιν","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἔστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is possible"},{"surface":"ἐϋκλεῖας","lemma":"εὐκλεής","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of good repute","note":"predicate accusative plural agreeing with implied subject of ἔμμεναι"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the land, people"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b21-l332","source":"ἔμμεναι οἳ δὴ οἶκον ἀτιμάζοντες ἔδουσιν","translation":"who dishonor the house of a noble man and devour his substance.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστιν","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"who","note":"relative pronoun οἳ picking up the suitors implied in the previous clause"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζοντες","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδουσιν","gloss":"dishonoring"},{"surface":"ἔδουσιν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"devour, eat up","note":"present ἔδουσιν vividly used for 'eating up' a household's wealth"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b21-l333","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος· τί δʼ ἐλέγχεα ταῦτα τίθεσθε;","translation":"Why then do you reckon this a disgrace?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆος","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"noble, chief"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to τίθεσθε","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλέγχεα","lemma":"ἔλεγχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"complement of τίθεσθε","gloss":"a disgrace"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τίθεσθε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τίθεσθε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you count, reckon"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b21-l334","source":"οὗτος δὲ ξεῖνος μάλα μὲν μέγας ἠδʼ εὐπηγής,","translation":"This stranger is very large and well-built,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"μὲν...ἠδ᾽ correlates the two predicate adjectives μέγας and εὐπηγής"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"tall, big"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐπηγής","lemma":"εὐπηγής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b21-l335","source":"πατρὸς δʼ ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ γένος εὔχεται ἔμμεναι υἱός.","translation":"and he claims by birth to be the son of a good father.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l335.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εὔχεται","title":"Middle voice","body":"The verb εὔχεται here is middle, meaning 'claims for himself' or 'boasts.' Greek often uses the middle when the action reflects back on the subject's own status."}],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"of a father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀγαθοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"good, noble"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"lineage, birth","note":"γένος accusative of respect with ἔμμεναι υἱός, 'a son by birth'"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"claims, boasts"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b21-l336","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε οἱ δότε τόξον ἐΰξοον, ὄφρα ἴδωμεν.","translation":"Come then, give him the well-polished bow, so that we may see.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"fixed exhortative particle ἄγε, invariant imperative-like interjection"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δότε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δότε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δότε","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἐΰξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"well-polished"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἴδωμεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we may see"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b21-l337","source":"ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·","translation":"For I will tell you plainly, and this thing shall be brought to pass:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέω","gloss":"thus, in this way"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐξερέω","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will declare"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"this","note":"τό used as a demonstrative pronoun, 'this thing'"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"accomplished, fulfilled"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b21-l338","source":"εἴ κέ μιν ἐντανύσῃ, δώῃ δέ οἱ εὖχος Ἀπόλλων,","translation":"if he strings it, and Apollo grants him the glory,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐντανύσῃ","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἐντανύσῃ","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"strings","note":"subjunctive after εἴ κε, marking a vivid future condition"},{"surface":"δώῃ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"grants"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώῃ","gloss":"glory, triumph"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δώῃ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b21-l339","source":"ἕσσω μιν χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε, εἵματα καλά,","translation":"I will clothe him in a cloak and tunic, fine garments,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕσσω","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will clothe","note":"future of ἕννυμι, contracted stem ἕσσω"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕσσω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b21-l340","source":"δώσω δʼ ὀξὺν ἄκοντα, κυνῶν ἀλκτῆρα καὶ ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"and I will give him a sharp javelin, a defense against dogs and men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκοντα","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἄκοντα","lemma":"ἄκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"javelin"},{"surface":"κυνῶν","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of dogs"},{"surface":"ἀλκτῆρα","lemma":"ἀλκτήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"defense, deterrent","note":"rare noun ἀλκτήρ, 'a warder-off', vivid concrete epithet for the javelin"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b21-l341","source":"καὶ ξίφος ἄμφηκες· δώσω δʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ πέδιλα,","translation":"and a two-edged sword. I will give him sandals for his feet,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἄμφηκες","lemma":"ἀμφήκης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"two-edged"},{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"preposition","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under, on"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b21-l342","source":"πέμψω δʼ ὅππη μιν κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει.","translation":"and send him wherever his heart and spirit bid him go.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will send"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅππη","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spirit","note":"κραδίη...θυμός τε, doubling of 'heart' near-synonyms joined by τε for emphasis"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"bids, urges"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b21-l343","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again, in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise, thoughtful","note":"epithet πεπνυμένος, perfect participle 'having good sense', fixed for Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b21-l344","source":"μῆτερ ἐμή, τόξον μὲν Ἀχαιῶν οὔ τις ἐμεῖο","translation":"\"My mother, as for the bow, no one of the Achaeans has more right than I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆτερ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐμή","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτερ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κρείσσων","gloss":"than I","note":"genitive of comparison ἐμεῖο with κρείσσων, 'stronger/more entitled than I'"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b21-l345","source":"κρείσσων, ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλω, δόμεναί τε καὶ ἀρνήσασθαι,","translation":"to give it or to refuse it to whomever I wish,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρείσσων","lemma":"κρείσσων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more entitled, stronger"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"I wish"},{"surface":"δόμεναί","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"to give","note":"epic infinitive form δόμεναι of δίδωμι, alternative to δοῦναι"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρνήσασθαι","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"to refuse"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b21-l346","source":"οὔθʼ ὅσσοι κραναὴν Ἰθάκην κάτα κοιρανέουσιν,","translation":"neither of those who hold sway over rugged Ithaca,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔθ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κοιρανέουσιν","gloss":"as many as, all who"},{"surface":"κραναὴν","lemma":"κραναός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκην","gloss":"rugged","note":"standard Homeric epithet for Ithaca's terrain, κραναή"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"κοιρανέουσιν","lemma":"κοιρανέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οὔθ᾽","gloss":"rule, hold sway"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b21-l347","source":"οὔθʼ ὅσσοι νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος ἱπποβότοιο·","translation":"nor of those in the islands toward horse-pasturing Elis.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔθ","lemma":"οὔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"νήσοισι","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"in the islands"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ἤλιδος","lemma":"Ἦλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πρὸς","gloss":"of Elis"},{"surface":"ἱπποβότοιο","lemma":"ἱππόβοτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἤλιδος","gloss":"horse-pasturing","note":"compound epithet ἱππόβοτος 'horse-grazing', formulaic for Elis"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b21-l348","source":"τῶν οὔ τίς μʼ ἀέκοντα βιήσεται, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλωμι","translation":"Not one of them shall force me against my will, if I choose","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l348.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀέκοντα","title":"Accusative of the person","body":"ἀέκοντα ('unwilling') agrees with the implied object 'me' in the accusative, the person being forced. The line stresses Telemachus's authority over his own choice."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βιήσεται","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βιήσεται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντα","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling","note":"ἀέκοντα, predicate accusative describing the manner of being forced, 'against my will'"},{"surface":"βιήσεται","lemma":"βιάω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will force"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλωμι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"I should wish"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b21-l349","source":"καὶ καθάπαξ ξείνῳ δόμεναι τάδε τόξα φέρεσθαι.","translation":"to give this bow outright to the stranger to carry off.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθάπαξ","lemma":"καθάπαξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δόμεναι","gloss":"outright"},{"surface":"ξείνῳ","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"to the stranger"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλωμι","gloss":"to give","note":"epic infinitive -μεναι beside δοῦναι, formulaic in Homer"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"φέρεσθαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to δόμεναι","gloss":"to carry off","note":"middle infinitive: to carry off for oneself"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b21-l350","source":"ἀλλʼ εἰς οἶκον ἰοῦσα τὰ σʼ αὐτῆς ἔργα κόμιζε,","translation":"But go into the house and see to your own work,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἰοῦσα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κόμιζε","gloss":"going","note":"treebank lemma εἰμί is an error for εἶμι 'go'; participle 'going'"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"κόμιζε","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see to","note":"imperative: household command, Telemachus dismissing Penelope"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b21-l351","source":"ἱστόν τʼ ἠλακάτην τε, καὶ ἀμφιπόλοισι κέλευε","translation":"the loom and the distaff, and bid your handmaids","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστόν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the loom"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠλακάτην","lemma":"ἠλακάτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the distaff"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπόλοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"κέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bid","note":"τε...τε...καὶ strings the household tasks together, epic list style"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b21-l352","source":"ἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι· τόξον δʼ ἄνδρεσσι μελήσει","translation":"go about their tasks. The bow shall be the men's concern,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐποίχεσθαι","gloss":"their task"},{"surface":"ἐποίχεσθαι","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"go about"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of μελήσει","gloss":"the bow","note":"fronted subject, emphatic contrast with women's ἔργα"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ἄνδρεσσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μελήσει","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"μελήσει","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be a concern"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b21-l353","source":"πᾶσι, μάλιστα δʼ ἐμοί· τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἔστʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ.","translation":"the men's, and mine above all, for mine is the authority in this house.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρεσσι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mine","note":"possessive genitive of ὁ used as 'mine', predicate of ἔστ᾽"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστ᾽","gloss":"authority"},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the house","note":"Telemachus claims κράτος 'mastery' over the house, asserting new authority"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b21-l354","source":"ἡ μὲν θαμβήσασα πάλιν οἶκόνδε βεβήκει·","translation":"Then she, amazed, went back into the house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(marks contrast)"},{"surface":"θαμβήσασα","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"amazed","note":"aorist participle of θαμβέω, stunned by her son's firm tone"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βεβήκει","gloss":"homeward","note":"directional suffix -δε, 'to the house', no preposition needed"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone","note":"pluperfect: she was already gone by the time the narrative catches up"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b21-l355","source":"παιδὸς γὰρ μῦθον πεπνυμένον ἔνθετο θυμῷ.","translation":"for she took her son's wise word to heart.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"of her son"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθετο","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένον","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"wise","note":"perfect participle 'having good sense', a stock epithet for prudent speech"},{"surface":"ἔνθετο","lemma":"ἐντίθημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid up"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθετο","gloss":"in her heart"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b21-l356","source":"ἐς δʼ ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβᾶσα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶ","translation":"Going up to her upper chamber with her handmaids","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπερῷ","lemma":"ὑπερῷον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"upper chamber"},{"surface":"ἀναβᾶσα","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖεν","gloss":"having gone up"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπόλοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναιξὶ","gloss":"handmaid"},{"surface":"γυναιξὶ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b21-l357","source":"κλαῖεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα, φίλον πόσιν, ὄφρα οἱ ὕπνον","translation":"she then wept for Odysseus, her dear husband, until upon her eyelids","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῖεν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she wept","note":"imperfect: durative, she kept weeping"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαῖεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσιν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies βλεφάροισι","gloss":"on her"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b21-l358","source":"ἡδὺν ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι βάλε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"bright-eyed Athena cast sweet sleep.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l358.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπις","title":"Epithet of Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις, 'bright-eyed' or 'gray-eyed,' is Athena's standing epithet. Such formulaic descriptors are a hallmark of Homeric verse."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδὺν","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνον","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισι","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις: fixed Homeric epithet of Athena, 'owl-eyed/gleaming-eyed'"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of βάλε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b21-l359","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ τόξα λαβὼν φέρε καμπύλα δῖος ὑφορβός·","translation":"But the noble swineherd took up the curved bow and bore it on;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρε","gloss":"taking up"},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore","note":"imperfect: was carrying it along, the ongoing act"},{"surface":"καμπύλα","lemma":"καμπύλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑφορβός","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος: standard epic epithet, 'godlike/noble', here of Eumaeus"},{"surface":"ὑφορβός","lemma":"ὑφορβός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b21-l360","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ἄρα πάντες ὁμόκλεον ἐν μεγάροισιν·","translation":"and all the suitors began shouting at him throughout the halls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὁμόκλεον","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὁμόκλεον","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were shouting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b21-l361","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων·","translation":"and thus would one of the arrogant young men speak:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"iterative -σκε suffix: 'kept saying', repeated/habitual action"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the young men"},{"surface":"ὑπερηνορεόντων","lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέων","gloss":"arrogant","note":"ὑπερηνορέων: compound meaning 'overweening in manhood', suits the suitors' hubris"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b21-l362","source":"πῆ δὴ καμπύλα τόξα φέρεις, ἀμέγαρτε συβῶτα,","translation":"\"Where are you carrying the curved bow, you wretched swineherd,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῆ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"object of φέρεις","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καμπύλα","lemma":"καμπύλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρεις","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"φέρεις","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you carrying"},{"surface":"ἀμέγαρτε","lemma":"ἀμέγαρτος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies συβῶτα","gloss":"wretched","note":"vocative insult: 'unenviable', mocking Eumaeus"},{"surface":"συβῶτα","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"swineherd"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b21-l363","source":"πλαγκτέ; τάχʼ αὖ σʼ ἐφʼ ὕεσσι κύνες ταχέες κατέδονται","translation":"you fool? Soon your own swift dogs, out among the swine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλαγκτέ","lemma":"πλαγκτός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you fool"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέδονται","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κατέδονται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὕεσσι","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφ᾽","gloss":"the swine"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέδονται","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"ταχέες","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κύνες","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"κατέδονται","lemma":"κατέδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will devour","note":"future middle, vivid taunt threatening Eumaeus with his own hounds"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b21-l364","source":"οἶον ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων, οὓς ἔτρεφες, εἴ κεν Ἀπόλλων","translation":"will devour you, far from men, the dogs you raised yourself, if Apollo","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔτρεφες","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἔτρεφες","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κύνες","gloss":"you raised"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"κεν with subjunctive/optative marks a hoped-for condition, here ironic mockery"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b21-l365","source":"ἡμῖν ἱλήκῃσι καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι.","translation":"and the other immortal gods are gracious to us.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱλήκῃσι","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"ἱλήκῃσι","lemma":"ἱλήκω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"is gracious"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b21-l366","source":"ὣς φάσαν, αὐτὰρ, ὁ θῆκε φέρων αὐτῇ ἐνὶ χώρῃ,","translation":"So they spoke, and he set the bow down there on the spot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάσαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάσαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spoke"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set down","note":"aorist θῆκε, decisive: Eumaeus obeys Telemachus, not the suitors"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χώρῃ","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χώρῃ","lemma":"χώρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"spot"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b21-l367","source":"δείσας, οὕνεκα πολλοὶ ὁμόκλεον ἐν μεγάροισιν.","translation":"afraid, because so many were shouting throughout the halls.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείσας","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"afraid","note":"aorist participle, ingressive: 'growing afraid'"},{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὁμόκλεον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ὁμόκλεον","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"were shouting"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b21-l368","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀπειλήσας ἐγεγώνει·","translation":"But Telemachus from the other side called out threateningly:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐγεγώνει","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἑτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἑτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγεγώνει","gloss":"from the other side"},{"surface":"ἀπειλήσας","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐγεγώνει","gloss":"threatening"},{"surface":"ἐγεγώνει","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out","note":"pluperfect of γέγωνα used with present force: 'shouted', epic perfect-stem verb"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b21-l369","source":"ἄττα, πρόσω φέρε τόξα· τάχʼ οὐκ εὖ πᾶσι\n                     πιθήσεις","translation":"\"Old friend, carry the bow forward. You will not do well to obey them all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄττα","lemma":"ἄττα","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old friend","note":"ἄττα: affectionate term for an elder, here Telemachus to Eumaeus"},{"surface":"πρόσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πιθήσεις","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πιθήσεις","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πιθήσεις","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πιθήσεις","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will obey","note":"aorist subjunctive with οὐκ as strong future warning: 'you will not do well to obey them all'"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b21-l370","source":"μή σε καὶ ὁπλότερός περ ἐὼν ἀγρόνδε δίωμαι,","translation":"Take care I do not drive you off into the country with stones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of δίωμαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὁπλότερός","lemma":"ὁπλότερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δίωμαι","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀγρόνδε","lemma":"ἀγρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of δίωμαι","gloss":"to the country","note":"directional -δε suffix, 'countryward'"},{"surface":"δίωμαι","lemma":"δίω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"I drive"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b21-l371","source":"βάλλων χερμαδίοισι· βίηφι δὲ φέρτερός εἰμι.","translation":"younger though I am, for I am the stronger in might.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l371.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βίηφι","title":"Instrumental ending -φι","body":"βίηφι, 'in might,' uses the old Homeric -φι suffix that functions like an instrumental or dative. It survives mainly in epic formulas."}],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλων","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δίωμαι","gloss":"pelting"},{"surface":"χερμαδίοισι","lemma":"χερμάδιον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to βάλλων","gloss":"with stones"},{"surface":"βίηφι","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies φέρτερός","gloss":"in might","note":"instrumental dative-plural form βίηφι, an old Homeric case ending"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρτερός","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b21-l372","source":"αἲ γὰρ πάντων τόσσον, ὅσοι κατὰ δώματʼ ἔασι,","translation":"Would that I were as much stronger, in hands and in might,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that","note":"αἲ γάρ introduces an unattainable wish, 'if only'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστήρων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἴην","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔασι","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἔασι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστήρων","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b21-l373","source":"μνηστήρων χερσίν τε βίηφί τε φέρτερος εἴην·","translation":"than all the suitors who are in our house;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φέρτερος","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"in hands"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βίηφί","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"in might"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρτερος","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger"},{"surface":"εἴην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would be","note":"optative of wish, paired with αἲ γάρ above"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b21-l374","source":"τῷ κε τάχα στυγερῶς τινʼ ἐγὼ πέμψαιμι νέεσθαι","translation":"then I would soon send some of them off, packing wretchedly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέμψαιμι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέμψαιμι","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"στυγερῶς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέμψαιμι","gloss":"wretchedly"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψαιμι","gloss":"some one"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμψαιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πέμψαιμι","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would send","note":"optative + κε: unreal wish continued from the previous couplet"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to πέμψαιμι","gloss":"to go home"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b21-l375","source":"ἡμετέρου ἐξ οἴκου, ἐπεὶ κακὰ μηχανόωνται.","translation":"from our house, since they are plotting evil deeds.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέρου","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκου","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οἴκου","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"evil deeds"},{"surface":"μηχανόωνται","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they plot"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b21-l376","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἡδὺ\n                  γέλασσαν","translation":"So he spoke, and they all laughed merrily at him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρες","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γέλασσαν","gloss":"merrily"},{"surface":"γέλασσαν","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed","note":"ironic scene: suitors' mocking laughter at Telemachus foreshadows their doom"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b21-l377","source":"μνηστῆρες, καὶ δὴ μέθιεν χαλεποῖο χόλοιο","translation":"the suitors, and they let go their harsh anger","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέθιεν","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let go, released","note":"μεθίημι + genitive: 'let go of' anger, imperfect for a gradual easing"},{"surface":"χαλεποῖο","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλοιο","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"χόλοιο","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέθιεν","gloss":"anger","note":"genitive object of μέθιεν, 'let go of anger'"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b21-l378","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ· τὰ δὲ τόξα φέρων ἀνὰ δῶμα συβώτης","translation":"against Telemachus. The swineherd carried the bow through the hall","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέθιεν","gloss":"against Telemachus"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"carrying","note":"present participle 'carrying', circumstantial to θῆκε in the next line"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"the swineherd","note":"συβώτης = Eumaeus, epic epithet-like standing term for his role"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b21-l379","source":"ἐν χείρεσσʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ δαΐφρονι θῆκε παραστάς.","translation":"and, standing beside him, set it in the hands of wise Odysseus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χείρεσσ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονι","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆϊ","gloss":"wise-hearted","note":"δαΐφρων, a standing epithet of Odysseus, 'battle-wise/skilled in mind'"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set, placed","note":"aorist of τίθημι, the long-delayed main verb of the sentence"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b21-l380","source":"ἐκ δὲ καλεσσάμενος προσέφη τροφὸν Εὐρύκλειαν·","translation":"Then he called out the nurse Eurycleia and spoke to her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"ἐκ...καλεσσάμενος is a tmesis, 'called out' split by δέ"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλεσσάμενος","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"having called"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"τροφὸν","lemma":"τροφός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρύκλειαν","gloss":"nurse"},{"surface":"Εὐρύκλειαν","lemma":"Εὐρύκλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Eurycleia"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b21-l381","source":"Τηλέμαχος κέλεταί σε, περίφρων Εὐρύκλεια,","translation":"\"Eurycleia, wise woman, Telemachus bids you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλεταί","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"κέλεταί","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bids, orders"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κληῗσαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρύκλεια","gloss":"wise","note":"περίφρων, a formulaic epithet regularly attached to Eurycleia"},{"surface":"Εὐρύκλεια","lemma":"Εὐρύκλεια","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Eurycleia","note":"vocative of direct address, formulaic epithet + name line"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b21-l382","source":"κληῗσαι μεγάροιο θύρας πυκινῶς ἀραρυίας.","translation":"to close the well-fitted doors of the hall.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κληῗσαι","lemma":"κλείω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κέλεταί","gloss":"to close"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"of the hall"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κληῗσαι","gloss":"the doors"},{"surface":"πυκινῶς","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀραρυίας","gloss":"tightly, firmly"},{"surface":"ἀραρυίας","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"well-fitted","note":"perfect participle 'fitted together', stressing the doors' snug, solid construction"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b21-l383","source":"ἢν δέ τις ἤ στοναχῆς ἠὲ κτύπου ἔνδον ἀκούσῃ","translation":"And if anyone hears groaning or the din within,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"στοναχῆς","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κτύπου","lemma":"κτύπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"din, noise"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκούσῃ","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἀκούσῃ","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢν","gloss":"should hear","note":"aorist subjunctive in a future-more-vivid ἤν clause"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b21-l384","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἡμετέροισιν ἐν ἕρκεσι, μή τι θύραζε","translation":"the din of men inside our walls, let no one","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροισιν","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἕρκεσι","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἕρκεσι","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"walls, enclosure"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not, lest","note":"μή + subjunctive verb ahead: negative purpose, 'let no one...'"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to προβλώσκειν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of προβλώσκειν","gloss":"outdoors, out the door"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b21-l385","source":"προβλώσκειν, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ ἀκὴν ἔμεναι παρὰ ἔργῳ.","translation":"come out the doors, but stay there in silence at her work.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"προβλώσκειν","lemma":"προβλώσκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"come forth","note":"προβλώσκειν governs θύραζε, 'venture outdoors'"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμεναι","gloss":"there, on the spot"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμεναι","gloss":"silently","note":"ἀκήν, adverbial accusative meaning 'in silence', reinforcing αὐτοῦ"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay, remain","note":"ἔμεναι = εἶναι, epic infinitive form of εἰμί used as 'to remain'"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἔργῳ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b21-l386","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, τῇ δʼ ἄπτερος ἔπλετο μῦθος,","translation":"So he spoke, and to her the word had no wings,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l386.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄπτερος","title":"\"Wingless word\"","body":"The phrase ἄπτερος ... μῦθος, literally 'wingless word,' is a Homeric idiom for a word that does not fly off but is silently received and obeyed."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφώνησεν","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφώνησεν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke, called"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μῦθος","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄπτερος","lemma":"ἄπτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"not winged, unresisted","note":"ἄπτερος μῦθος: Homeric formula for a word obeyed at once, 'not left to fly off unheeded'"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was, proved to be"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"the word, command"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b21-l387","source":"κλήϊσεν δὲ θύρας μεγάρων εὖ ναιεταόντων.","translation":"and she closed the doors of the well-built hall.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλήϊσεν","lemma":"κλείω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κλήϊσεν","gloss":"the doors"},{"surface":"μεγάρων","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"of the hall"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιεταόντων","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιεταόντων","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural neuter","role":"modifies μεγάρων","gloss":"built, situated","note":"ναιεταόντων 'well-inhabited/built', a stock decorative epithet for the hall"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b21-l388","source":"σιγῇ δʼ ἐξ οἴκοιο Φιλοίτιος ἆλτο θύραζε,","translation":"Silently Philoetius slipped out of the house through the door,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σιγῇ","lemma":"σιγή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἆλτο","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"οἴκοιο","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"Φιλοίτιος","lemma":"Φιλοίτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Philoetius"},{"surface":"ἆλτο","lemma":"ἅλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt, sprang","note":"ἆλτο, root aorist of ἅλλομαι, vivid vigorous motion verb"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἆλτο","gloss":"outdoors"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b21-l389","source":"κλήϊσεν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα θύρας εὐερκέος αὐλῆς.","translation":"and then closed the gates of the well-fenced courtyard.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλήϊσεν","lemma":"κλείω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλήϊσεν","gloss":"thereupon"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κλήϊσεν","gloss":"the gates"},{"surface":"εὐερκέος","lemma":"εὐερκής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐλῆς","gloss":"well-fenced"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θύρας","gloss":"of the courtyard"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b21-l390","source":"κεῖτο δʼ ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ ὅπλον νεὸς ἀμφιελίσσης","translation":"There lay under the portico a cable of a curved ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"αἰθούσῃ","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"the portico"},{"surface":"ὅπλον","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖτο","gloss":"a cable, gear","note":"ὅπλον here means ship's tackle/rope, not 'weapon' — a good false-friend flag"},{"surface":"νεὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὅπλον","gloss":"of a ship"},{"surface":"ἀμφιελίσσης","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νεὸς","gloss":"curved at both ends","note":"ἀμφιέλισσα, standing Homeric epithet for ships"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b21-l391","source":"βύβλινον, ᾧ ῥʼ ἐπέδησε θύρας, ἐς δʼ ἤϊεν αὐτός·","translation":"made of papyrus; with it he bound the gates, and went back in.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βύβλινον","lemma":"βύβλινος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅπλον","gloss":"made of papyrus"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπέδησε","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπέδησε","lemma":"ἐπιδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅπλον","gloss":"bound, fastened"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέδησε","gloss":"the gates"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in, back in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤϊεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"ἤϊεν, imperfect of εἶμι 'go', epic form"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b21-l392","source":"ἕζετʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ δίφρον ἰών, ἔνθεν περ ἀνέστη,","translation":"Then he sat down on the seat from which he had risen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the seat, chair"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"going","note":"present participle of εἶμι, describing manner of sitting"},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέστη","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δίφρον","gloss":"had risen"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b21-l393","source":"εἰσορόων Ὀδυσῆα. ὁ δʼ ἤδη τόξον ἐνώμα","translation":"gazing at Odysseus. And he was already handling the bow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσορόων","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"gazing at","note":"present participle 'looking upon', circumstantial modifying ἕζετ᾽ in the previous line"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσορόων","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνώμα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνώμα","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνώμα","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"ἐνώμα","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was handling, turning","note":"νωμάω 'wield, ply', imperfect for ongoing action of testing the bow"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b21-l394","source":"πάντη ἀναστρωφῶν, πειρώμενος ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,","translation":"turning it every way, testing it this side and that,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντη","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναστρωφῶν","gloss":"in every way, all around"},{"surface":"ἀναστρωφῶν","lemma":"ἀναστρωφάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"turning about","note":"ἀναστρωφῶν, vivid participle showing Odysseus turning the bow over"},{"surface":"πειρώμενος","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"testing"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way","note":"ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα, formulaic pair 'this way and that'"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b21-l395","source":"μὴ κέρα ἶπες ἔδοιεν ἀποιχομένοιο ἄνακτος.","translation":"lest worms had eaten the horn while its lord was away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"κέρα","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδοιεν","gloss":"the horn"},{"surface":"ἶπες","lemma":"ἶψ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδοιεν","gloss":"worms","note":"ἶπες, wood-boring worms/grubs — a concrete, homely image amid epic diction"},{"surface":"ἔδοιεν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"had eaten","note":"optative in a fear-clause after μή, 'lest they might have eaten'"},{"surface":"ἀποιχομένοιο","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδοιεν","gloss":"being away"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποιχομένοιο","gloss":"of its lord, master"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b21-l396","source":"ὧδε τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον·","translation":"And thus would one speak, glancing at his neighbor:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"iterative -σκ- form, 'used to say' — marks repeated action typical of the suitors' murmuring"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"having looked"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b21-l397","source":"ἦ τις θηητὴρ καὶ ἐπίκλοπος ἔπλετο τόξων·","translation":"\"This man is surely some connoisseur and crafty handler of bows.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"θηητὴρ","lemma":"θηητήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"connoisseur, admirer"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκλοπος","lemma":"ἐπίκλοπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"crafty, sly"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is, proves to be"},{"surface":"τόξων","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐπίκλοπος","gloss":"of bows"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b21-l398","source":"ἤ ῥά νύ που τοιαῦτα καὶ αὐτῷ οἴκοθι κεῖται","translation":"Perhaps he has just such a one lying at home himself,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"perhaps, surely"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of κεῖται","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"οἴκοθι","lemma":"οἴκοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b21-l399","source":"ἢ ὅ γʼ ἐφορμᾶται ποιησέμεν, ὡς ἐνὶ χερσὶ","translation":"or he is keen to make one, the way he turns it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐφορμᾶται","lemma":"ἐφορμάω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is eager, is set on","note":"ἐφορμᾶται 'is eagerly bent on', middle voice stressing his own drive"},{"surface":"ποιησέμεν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἐφορμᾶται","gloss":"to make"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b21-l400","source":"νωμᾷ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα κακῶν ἔμπαιος ἀλήτης.","translation":"this way and that in his hands, this vagabond skilled in mischief.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νωμᾷ","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"turns, wields","note":"subjunctive νωμᾷ continuing the ὡς clause of comparison"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔμπαιος","gloss":"of evils, mischief"},{"surface":"ἔμπαιος","lemma":"ἔμπαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλήτης","gloss":"skilled, practiced"},{"surface":"ἀλήτης","lemma":"ἀλήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"vagabond, wanderer","note":"ἀλήτης, the suitors' mocking word for Odysseus in his beggar disguise"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b21-l401","source":"ἄλλος δʼ αὖ εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων·","translation":"And another of the arrogant young men would say:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἴπεσκε","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again, in turn"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"iterative -σκ- form again, echoing εἴπεσκεν above"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"of the young men"},{"surface":"ὑπερηνορεόντων","lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies νέων","gloss":"overbearing, arrogant","note":"ὑπερηνορέων, a compound epithet '-over-manly', capturing the suitors' swagger"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b21-l402","source":"αἲ γὰρ δὴ τοσσοῦτον ὀνήσιος ἀντιάσειεν","translation":"\"May he meet with as much good fortune","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"oh that, may","note":"αἲ γάρ + optative: a wish formula, 'would that...'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοσσοῦτον","lemma":"τοσοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀντιάσειεν","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"ὀνήσιος","lemma":"ὄνησις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀντιάσειεν","gloss":"of profit, benefit"},{"surface":"ἀντιάσειεν","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may he meet with","note":"optative of wish, governed by αἲ γάρ"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b21-l403","source":"ὡς οὗτός ποτε τοῦτο δυνήσεται ἐντανύσασθαι.","translation":"as he will ever have power to string this bow.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to δυνήσεται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οὗτός","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of δυνήσεται","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐντανύσασθαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δυνήσεται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀντιάσειεν","gloss":"will be able","note":"future indicative, mocking certainty that he never will string it"},{"surface":"ἐντανύσασθαι","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δυνήσεται","gloss":"to string","note":"ἐντανύσασθαι, technical verb for stringing the great bow, the poem's central test"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b21-l404","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν μνηστῆρες· ἀτὰρ πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"So spoke the suitors. But Odysseus of many counsels,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l404.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύμητις","title":"Epithet of Odysseus","body":"πολύμητις, 'of many counsels' or 'resourceful,' is one of Odysseus's most frequent epithets, marking his cunning here at the climactic moment."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔφαν, epic 3rd plural imperfect of φημί"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφαν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many counsels","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus's signature epithet, contrasting his cunning with the suitors' mockery"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b21-l405","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐπεὶ μέγα τόξον ἐβάστασε καὶ ἴδε πάντη,","translation":"as soon as he had lifted the great bow and looked it over all around,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"ἐβάστασε","lemma":"βαστάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"had lifted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"looked it over","note":"ἴδε: unaugmented aorist (Attic εἶδε); Homer often omits the augment."},{"surface":"πάντη","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"all around"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b21-l406","source":"ὡς ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ φόρμιγγος ἐπιστάμενος καὶ ἀοιδῆς","translation":"just as a man skilled in the lyre and in song","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγος","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of the lyre"},{"surface":"ἐπιστάμενος","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"skilled","note":"ἐπίσταμαι takes a genitive of the skill known, here φόρμιγγος καὶ ἀοιδῆς."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδῆς","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of song"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b21-l407","source":"ῥηϊδίως ἐτάνυσσε νέῳ περὶ κόλλοπι χορδήν,","translation":"easily stretches the string around a new peg,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"stretches","note":"gnomic aorist in an extended simile — describes a typical, repeated action, translated as present."},{"surface":"νέῳ","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κόλλοπι","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"κόλλοπι","lemma":"κόλλοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"peg"},{"surface":"χορδήν","lemma":"χορδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"string"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b21-l408","source":"ἅψας ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἐϋστρεφὲς ἔντερον οἰός,","translation":"fastening at both ends the well-twisted sheep-gut,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅψας","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"fastening","note":"aorist participle ἅψας shows the prior action (tying) that accompanies the main verb ἐτάνυσσε."},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἅψας","gloss":"at both ends"},{"surface":"ἐϋστρεφὲς","lemma":"ἐυστρεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔντερον","gloss":"well-twisted"},{"surface":"ἔντερον","lemma":"ἔντερον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἅψας","gloss":"gut-string"},{"surface":"οἰός","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔντερον","gloss":"of a sheep"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b21-l409","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἄτερ σπουδῆς τάνυσεν μέγα τόξον Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"so without effort did Odysseus string the great bow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάνυσεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄτερ","lemma":"ἄτερ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"σπουδῆς","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄτερ","gloss":"effort"},{"surface":"τάνυσεν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strung","note":"the simile resolves here: what took skill for the bard, Odysseus does ἄτερ σπουδῆς — effortlessly."},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τάνυσεν","gloss":"bow"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τάνυσεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b21-l410","source":"δεξιτερῇ ἄρα χειρὶ λαβὼν πειρήσατο νευρῆς·","translation":"Then taking it in his right hand he tested the string,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιτερῇ","lemma":"δεξιτερός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρὶ","gloss":"with his right hand"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πειρήσατο","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"πειρήσατο","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tested","note":"πειράω + genitive νευρῆς: 'made trial of' the string, a common construction for testing/attempting."},{"surface":"νευρῆς","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πειρήσατο","gloss":"the string"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b21-l411","source":"ἡ δʼ ὑπὸ καλὸν ἄεισε, χελιδόνι εἰκέλη αὐδήν.","translation":"and it sang sweetly beneath his touch, like a swallow in voice.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄεισε","gloss":"it (the string)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beneath (his touch)"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄεισε","gloss":"sweetly"},{"surface":"ἄεισε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sang"},{"surface":"χελιδόνι","lemma":"χελιδών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies εἰκέλη","gloss":"swallow","note":"famous simile: the plucked bowstring's twang compared to a swallow's song, praising Odysseus's mastery."},{"surface":"εἰκέλη","lemma":"εἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies εἰκέλη","gloss":"in voice"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b21-l412","source":"μνηστῆρσιν δʼ ἄρʼ ἄχος γένετο μέγα, πᾶσι δʼ ἄρα χρὼς","translation":"Great grief came over the suitors, and the color of all of them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γένετο","gloss":"on the suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γένετο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"γένετο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came","note":"γίγνομαι + dative μνηστῆρσιν: 'grief arose for/upon the suitors' — a common Homeric dative-of-experiencer idiom."},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐτράπετο","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χρὼς","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτράπετο","gloss":"color"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b21-l413","source":"ἐτράπετο· Ζεὺς δὲ μεγάλʼ ἔκτυπε σήματα φαίνων·","translation":"changed; and Zeus thundered loudly, showing his signs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l413.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φαίνων","title":"Present participle","body":"φαίνων ('showing') is a present participle describing Zeus's act as ongoing alongside the thunder. The thunder is read as a favorable omen for Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐτράπετο","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"changed","note":"ἐτράπετο 'turned/changed' describes the suitors' faces going pale with fear — vivid physical detail."},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτυπε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔκτυπε","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἔκτυπε","lemma":"κτυπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thundered","note":"Zeus's thunderclap is a divine omen confirming Odysseus's success — a formulaic sign of favor."},{"surface":"σήματα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φαίνων","gloss":"signs"},{"surface":"φαίνων","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκτυπε","gloss":"showing"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b21-l414","source":"γήθησέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"And then much-enduring noble Odysseus rejoiced,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l414.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύτλας","title":"Epithet of Odysseus","body":"πολύτλας, 'much-enduring,' recalls all that Odysseus has suffered to reach this moment of vindication."}],"words":[{"surface":"γήθησέν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γήθησέν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς — a fixed epithet formula marking Odysseus's signature trait of endurance."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γήθησέν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b21-l415","source":"ὅττι ῥά οἱ τέρας ἧκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω·","translation":"because the son of crooked-counseling Kronos had sent him a portent.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"a sign"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅττι","gloss":"had sent"},{"surface":"Κρόνου","lemma":"Κρόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Kronos"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἧκε","gloss":"son","note":"'son of crooked-counseling Kronos' is a standard epithet formula for Zeus."},{"surface":"ἀγκυλομήτεω","lemma":"ἀγκυλομήτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρόνου","gloss":"crooked-counseling"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b21-l416","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ὠκὺν ὀϊστόν, ὅ οἱ παρέκειτο τραπέζῃ","translation":"He took up a swift arrow that lay beside him on the table,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠκὺν","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστόν","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ὀϊστόν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρέκειτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρέκειτο","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"παρέκειτο","lemma":"παράκειμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὀϊστόν","gloss":"lay","note":"παράκειμαι, imperfect, describes an ongoing state (the arrow's resting position) prior to the main action."},{"surface":"τραπέζῃ","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρέκειτο","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b21-l417","source":"γυμνός· τοὶ δʼ ἄλλοι κοίλης ἔντοσθε φαρέτρης","translation":"bare; the others were inside the hollow quiver,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γυμνός","lemma":"γυμνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"bare","note":"γυμνός 'bare': this single arrow lay unsheathed on the table, unlike the others still in the quiver."},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κείατο","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"κοίλης","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φαρέτρης","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθε","lemma":"ἔντοσθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"φαρέτρης","lemma":"φαρέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔντοσθε","gloss":"quiver"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b21-l418","source":"κείατο, τῶν τάχʼ ἔμελλον Ἀχαιοὶ πειρήσεσθαι.","translation":"lying there, which the Achaeans were soon to taste.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείατο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were lying","note":"κείατο = ἔκειντο, epic 3rd-plural imperfect of κεῖμαι 'lie'; not from καίω 'burn' despite the listed lemma."},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πειρήσεσθαι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλον","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ἔμελλον","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλοι","gloss":"were about to"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔμελλον","gloss":"the Achaeans"},{"surface":"πειρήσεσθαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλον","gloss":"to taste","note":"πειράομαι + genitive τῶν: 'make trial of them' — grimly ironic, foreshadowing the arrows used against the suitors."}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b21-l419","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἐπὶ πήχει ἑλὼν ἕλκεν νευρὴν γλυφίδας τε,","translation":"Laying it on the bridge of the bow, he drew the string and the notched arrow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕλκεν","gloss":"it (the arrow)"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πήχει","lemma":"πῆχυς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the bow-bridge","note":"πῆχυς here means the grip/arm of the bow where the arrow rests, not the anatomical forearm."},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκεν","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἕλκεν","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew"},{"surface":"νευρὴν","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"string"},{"surface":"γλυφίδας","lemma":"γλυφίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"notches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b21-l420","source":"αὐτόθεν ἐκ δίφροιο καθήμενος, ἧκε δʼ ὀϊστὸν","translation":"from where he sat right there on his seat, and let the arrow fly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόθεν","lemma":"αὐτόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθήμενος","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δίφροιο","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"his seat"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλκεν","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fly","note":"Odysseus shoots seated, without rising — emphasizing his effortless precision."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀϊστὸν","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"arrow"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b21-l421","source":"ἄντα τιτυσκόμενος, πελέκεων δʼ οὐκ ἤμβροτε πάντων","translation":"taking aim straight ahead, and he did not miss a single one of the axes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τιτυσκόμενος","gloss":"straight ahead"},{"surface":"τιτυσκόμενος","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"taking aim"},{"surface":"πελέκεων","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies στειλειῆς","gloss":"of the axes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἤμβροτε","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed","note":"ἤμβροτε, aorist of ἁμαρτάνω, with reduplicated-looking augment ἠ- + μβ- from the root ἁμαρτ-; governs the genitive πάντων."},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πελέκεων","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b21-l422","source":"πρώτης στειλειῆς, διὰ δʼ ἀμπερὲς ἦλθε θύραζε","translation":"from the first socket onward, and the bronze-weighted arrow","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρώτης","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies στειλειῆς","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"στειλειῆς","lemma":"στειλειή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤμβροτε","gloss":"socket","note":"στειλειή is the axe-head's haft-hole; the arrow flies through the row of twelve, starting from the first."},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"clean"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμπερὲς","lemma":"ἀμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"on through"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"out the door"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b21-l423","source":"ἰὸς χαλκοβαρής· ὁ δὲ Τηλέμαχον προσέειπε·","translation":"passed clean through and out the other side. Then he said to Telemachus:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰὸς","lemma":"ἰός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"arrow"},{"surface":"χαλκοβαρής","lemma":"χαλκοβαρής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰὸς","gloss":"bronze-weighted","note":"χαλκοβαρής, a compound epithet: 'heavy with bronze,' vividly stressing the arrow's force to pierce all twelve axes."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b21-l424","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, οὔ σʼ ὁ ξεῖνος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν\n                     ἐλέγχει","translation":"\"Telemachus, the stranger sitting in your halls does not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus","note":"vocative address opening Odysseus's speech; note governed by an implied verb, since ξεῖνος 'the stranger' is Odysseus's own disguise."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐλέγχει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλέγχει","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἐλέγχει","lemma":"ἐλέγχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shames","note":"Odysseus speaks of himself in the third person as 'the stranger,' maintaining his disguise even after the feat."}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b21-l425","source":"ἥμενος, οὐδέ τι τοῦ σκοποῦ ἤμβροτον οὐδέ τι τόξον","translation":"shame you. I did not miss the mark, nor did I labor long","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἤμβροτον","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies σκοποῦ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σκοποῦ","lemma":"σκοπός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤμβροτον","gloss":"mark"},{"surface":"ἤμβροτον","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"missed","note":"ἤμβροτον, first-person aorist — Odysseus drops his disguise-speech and boasts openly in his own voice."},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔκαμον","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τανύων","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b21-l426","source":"δὴν ἔκαμον τανύων· ἔτι μοι μένος ἔμπεδόν ἐστιν,","translation":"stringing the bow. My strength is still unbroken,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τανύων","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἔκαμον","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"labored"},{"surface":"τανύων","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"stringing"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστιν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδόν","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unbroken","note":"ἔμπεδος 'firm, steadfast' — Odysseus asserts his physical vigor despite his aged disguise."},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b21-l427","source":"οὐχ ὥς με μνηστῆρες ἀτιμάζοντες ὄνονται.","translation":"not as the suitors taunt me in their contempt.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄνονται","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὄνονται","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄνονται","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζοντες","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄνονται","gloss":"dishonoring"},{"surface":"ὄνονται","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"taunt","note":"ὄνομαι 'mock, scorn' — Odysseus rebuts the suitors' earlier contempt for him as a beggar."}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b21-l428","source":"νῦν δʼ ὥρη καὶ δόρπον Ἀχαιοῖσιν τετυκέσθαι","translation":"But now it is time to prepare supper for the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l428.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὥρη","title":"Double meaning","body":"ὥρη means 'the right time, season.' Odysseus's calm mention of supper is grimly ironic: the real 'meal' to come is the slaughter of the suitors."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥρη","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τετυκέσθαι","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοῖσιν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τετυκέσθαι","gloss":"for the Achaeans"},{"surface":"τετυκέσθαι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies αὐτὰρ","gloss":"to prepare","note":"Odysseus's chilling irony: he speaks of an ordinary feast just before the slaughter of the suitors begins."}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b21-l429","source":"ἐν φάει, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα καὶ ἄλλως ἑψιάασθαι","translation":"while there is still daylight, and afterward to take other delight","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φάει","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"daylight"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑψιάασθαι","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑψιάασθαι","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"ἑψιάασθαι","lemma":"ἑψιάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies αὐτὰρ","gloss":"to take delight"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b21-l430","source":"μολπῇ καὶ φόρμιγγι· τὰ γάρ τʼ ἀναθήματα δαιτός.","translation":"in song and the lyre, for these are the ornaments of a feast.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μολπῇ","lemma":"μολπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with song"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγι","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with the lyre"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀναθήματα","lemma":"ἀνάθημα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"adornments","note":"ἀναθήματα δαιτός, 'ornaments of a feast' — a gnomic formula echoed elsewhere in Homer to close a scene."},{"surface":"δαιτός","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀναθήματα","gloss":"of a feast"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b21-l431","source":"ἦ καὶ ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσεν· ὁ δʼ ἀμφέθετο ξίφος\n                  ὀξὺ","translation":"He spoke, and gave a sign with his brows; and Telemachus slung on his sharp sword,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἦ (from ἠμί) is the archaic 'defective' verb used almost solely to mean 'he/she said' in narrative."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"his brows"},{"surface":"νεῦσεν","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nodded","note":"νεύω 'nod' as a silent signal — Odysseus gives Telemachus a covert cue to act."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφέθετο","lemma":"ἀμφιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφέθετο","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"sharp"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b21-l432","source":"Τηλέμαχος, φίλος υἱὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο,","translation":"Telemachus, dear son of noble Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"noble","note":"'dear son of noble Odysseus' — a full patronymic formula marking Telemachus's readiness to act as his father's ally."}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b21-l433","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ χεῖρα φίλην βάλεν ἔγχεϊ, ἄγχι δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτοῦ","translation":"and closed his hand around his spear, and near him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"his own","note":"φίλος here is a possessive 'own/dear', not 'beloved' — common epic slide from affection to simple possession."},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put, closed","note":"ἀμφὶ...βάλεν is a split (tmesis) compound 'ἀμφιβάλλω', throw around — preposition separated from its verb, typical epic word order."},{"surface":"ἔγχεϊ","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"spear"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄγχι","gloss":"him","note":"genitive αὐτοῦ used adverbially with ἄγχι ('near him') — genitive of place/person with proximity words."}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b21-l434","source":"πὰρ θρόνον ἑστήκει κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ.","translation":"beside his seat, he stood, armed in gleaming bronze.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b21-l434.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἴθοπι χαλκῷ","title":"\"Gleaming bronze\"","body":"αἴθοψ χαλκός, 'flashing/gleaming bronze,' is a recurring formula for armor and weapons. The closing image arms Telemachus for the battle that is about to erupt."}],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"θρόνον","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πὰρ","gloss":"his seat"},{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"κεκορυθμένος","lemma":"κορύσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"armed"},{"surface":"αἴθοπι","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκοῦς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκορυθμένος","gloss":"in bronze"}]}]}