{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":24,"id":"book-24","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας ω","translated":"Book 24 — The Ghosts of the Suitors; Laertes; Peace on Ithaca"},"section":"The Homecoming","summary":"The suitors' souls go down to Hades. Odysseus finds his old father Laertes in the orchard. The families of the dead come for revenge, and Athena ends it.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24","lines":548},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23","next":null,"license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b24-l1","source":"Ἑρμῆς δὲ ψυχὰς Κυλλήνιος ἐξεκαλεῖτο","translation":"Meanwhile Cyllenian Hermes was calling forth the souls","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψυχὰς","title":"psychê = soul/ghost","body":"Here psychê means the spirit of the dead, the shade that survives in Hades. It is the keyword that opens the so-called second Nekyia."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμῆς","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξεκαλεῖτο","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, meanwhile"},{"surface":"ψυχὰς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξεκαλεῖτο","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"Κυλλήνιος","lemma":"Κυλλήνη","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑρμῆς","gloss":"Cyllenian","note":"Epithet from Mt. Cyllene, Hermes' birthplace; marks the god by cult-place, epic formula style."},{"surface":"ἐξεκαλεῖτο","lemma":"ἐκκαλέω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was calling forth","note":"Imperfect middle: ongoing, repeated act of summoning souls, not a single completed call."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b24-l2","source":"ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων· ἔχε δὲ ῥάβδον μετὰ χερσὶν","translation":"of the suitors; and he held the wand in his hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὰς","gloss":"of the men"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥάβδον","lemma":"ῥάβδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"wand"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in, with"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"hands","note":"μετὰ χερσὶν 'in his hands' - a common Homeric formula for holding an object."}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b24-l3","source":"καλὴν χρυσείην, τῇ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ὄμματα θέλγει","translation":"the fair golden one, with which he charms the eyes of men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"golden","note":"χρυσείην: the golden wand, a recurring epic attribute of Hermes' magic staff."},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and (enclitic)"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄμματα","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ὄμματα","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέλγει","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"θέλγει","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"charms, bewitches"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b24-l4","source":"ὧν ἐθέλει, τοὺς δʼ αὖτε καὶ ὑπνώοντας ἐγείρει·","translation":"of whomever he wishes, and again wakes others even from sleep;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"whomever"},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"he wishes"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγείρει","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again, in turn"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even, also"},{"surface":"ὑπνώοντας","lemma":"ὑπνάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sleeping","note":"ὑπνώοντας: contracted epic form of ὑπνάω 'sleeping'; the wand both lulls and wakes."},{"surface":"ἐγείρει","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"wakes"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b24-l5","source":"τῇ ῥʼ ἄγε κινήσας, ταὶ δὲ τρίζουσαι ἕποντο.","translation":"with this he roused and drove them, and they followed gibbering.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τρίζουσαι","title":"the squeak of the dead","body":"The verb describes a thin, shrill squeaking, the sound bats and ghosts make. Homer uses the same word again in the simile that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"with it"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led, drove"},{"surface":"κινήσας","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγε","gloss":"having stirred","note":"Aorist participle: he shook the wand, then led them - action prior to the main verb."},{"surface":"ταὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρίζουσαι","lemma":"τρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"squeaking","note":"Onomatopoeic τρίζω 'squeak, gibber' - used of ghost-cries and (below) of bats."},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b24-l6","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε νυκτερίδες μυχῷ ἄντρου θεσπεσίοιο","translation":"As when bats in the recess of an awesome cave","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε","title":"Homeric simile marker","body":"The formula 'as when' introduces an extended epic simile. The point of comparison resolves at line 9 with 'so' (ὣς)."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as","note":"Opens a full epic simile (souls compared to bats) spanning several lines."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"νυκτερίδες","lemma":"νυκτερίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"bats"},{"surface":"μυχῷ","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ποτέονται","gloss":"in the recess"},{"surface":"ἄντρου","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μυχῷ","gloss":"of a cave"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίοιο","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄντρου","gloss":"awesome, wondrous"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b24-l7","source":"τρίζουσαι ποτέονται, ἐπεί κέ τις ἀποπέσῃσιν","translation":"flit squeaking, whenever one of them falls","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρίζουσαι","lemma":"τρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ποτέονται","gloss":"squeaking"},{"surface":"ποτέονται","lemma":"ποτάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"flit, fly about"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποπέσῃσιν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἀποπέσῃσιν","lemma":"ἀποπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"falls off"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b24-l8","source":"ὁρμαθοῦ ἐκ πέτρης, ἀνά τʼ ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχονται,","translation":"from the cluster on the rock, and they cling to one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁρμαθοῦ","lemma":"ὁρμαθός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποπέσῃσιν","gloss":"from the cluster","note":"ὁρμαθός: a hanging string/cluster (of bats on rock), vivid concrete image for the simile."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the rock"},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"up, onto"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and (enclitic)"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλῃσιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of ἀνά","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἔχονται","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"cling"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b24-l9","source":"ὣς αἱ τετριγυῖαι ἅμʼ ἤϊσαν· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρα σφιν","translation":"so they went together, squeaking; and leading them on was","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊσαν","gloss":"so","note":"ὣς answers ὡς...ὅτε above, closing the bat simile and returning to the souls."},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤϊσαν","gloss":"they (fem.)"},{"surface":"τετριγυῖαι","lemma":"τρίζω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤϊσαν","gloss":"squeaking","note":"Perfect participle τετριγυῖαι 'having shrieked/still shrieking' - stative, ongoing cry."},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤϊσαν","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἤϊσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b24-l10","source":"Ἑρμείας ἀκάκητα κατʼ εὐρώεντα κέλευθα.","translation":"Hermes the kindly guide, down the dank ways.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀκάκητα","title":"Epithet of Hermes","body":"A fixed ornamental epithet, roughly 'the kindly' or 'the helper.' Formulaic epithets are a hallmark of oral hexameter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"ἀκάκητα","lemma":"ἀκάκητα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑρμείας","gloss":"kindly guide","note":"ἀκάκητα: rare fixed epithet of Hermes, 'the guileless/kindly one', unique to this figure."},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down, along"},{"surface":"εὐρώεντα","lemma":"εὐρώεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"dank, moldy"},{"surface":"κέλευθα","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"paths"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b24-l11","source":"πὰρ δʼ ἴσαν Ὠκεανοῦ τε ῥοὰς καὶ Λευκάδα πέτρην,","translation":"They passed the streams of Okeanos and the White Rock,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"past, along"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῦ","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοὰς","gloss":"of Ocean","note":"Ὠκεανός: the mythic river encircling the world, boundary of the underworld journey."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥοὰς","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λευκάδα","lemma":"Λευκάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πέτρην","gloss":"White","note":"Λευκάδα πέτρην 'the White Rock', a landmark on the mythic road to the underworld."},{"surface":"πέτρην","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Rock"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b24-l12","source":"ἠδὲ παρʼ Ἠελίοιο πύλας καὶ δῆμον ὀνείρων","translation":"and past the gates of the Sun and the land of dreams","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"Ἠελίοιο","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πύλας","gloss":"of the Sun"},{"surface":"πύλας","lemma":"πύλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"land, realm"},{"surface":"ὀνείρων","lemma":"ὄνειρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"of dreams","note":"δῆμον ὀνείρων 'land of dreams', another waystation on the geography of the dead."}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b24-l13","source":"ἤϊσαν· αἶψα δʼ ἵκοντο κατʼ ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα,","translation":"they went; and soon they came to the meadow of asphodel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϊσαν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down to"},{"surface":"ἀσφοδελὸν","lemma":"ἀσφόδελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λειμῶνα","gloss":"asphodel","note":"ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα 'meadow of asphodel', the fixed Homeric name for the underworld meadow of the dead."},{"surface":"λειμῶνα","lemma":"λειμών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"meadow"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b24-l14","source":"ἔνθα τε ναίουσι ψυχαί, εἴδωλα καμόντων.","translation":"where the souls dwell, the phantoms of those worn out by death.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εἴδωλα καμόντων","title":"phantoms of the dead","body":"An eidôlon is an image or apparition; 'those worn out' (kamontôn) is a Homeric euphemism for the dead, literally 'those who have labored to exhaustion.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναίουσι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ναίουσι","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λειμῶνα","gloss":"dwell"},{"surface":"ψυχαί","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"souls"},{"surface":"εἴδωλα","lemma":"εἴδωλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"phantoms","note":"εἴδωλα: 'images/likenesses' - the shades are not the person but a phantom double, key Homeric afterlife concept."},{"surface":"καμόντων","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies εἴδωλα","gloss":"of those worn out (dead)"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b24-l15","source":"εὗρον δὲ ψυχὴν Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος","translation":"They found the soul of Achilles son of Peleus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρον","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they found"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψυχὴν","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"Πηληϊάδεω","lemma":"Πηληιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"son of Peleus","note":"Patronymic Πηληϊάδεω, in apposition/parallel with Ἀχιλῆος - doubled naming typical of epic solemnity."},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b24-l16","source":"καὶ Πατροκλῆος καὶ ἀμύμονος Ἀντιλόχοιο","translation":"and of Patroklos and of blameless Antilochos","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πατροκλῆος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Patroklos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀντιλόχοιο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Antilochos"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b24-l17","source":"Αἴαντός θʼ, ὃς ἄριστος ἔην εἶδός τε δέμας τε","translation":"and of Ajax, who was the best in form and frame","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴαντός","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Ajax"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἴαντός","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"εἶδός","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"in form","note":"εἶδός τε δέμας τε: paired accusatives of respect, 'in form and frame' - standard epic praise formula."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"frame, body"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b24-l18","source":"τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐδαο","translation":"of the other Danaans, after the blameless son of Peleus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"Danaans","note":"Δαναῶν: epic name for the Greeks; genitive of comparison after ἄριστος 'best of the Danaans'."},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after, next to"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πηλεΐδαο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδαο","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"son of Peleus"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b24-l19","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν περὶ κεῖνον ὁμίλεον· ἀγχίμολον δὲ","translation":"So these were gathered about him; and close at hand","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμίλεον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁμίλεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"κεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὁμίλεον","lemma":"ὁμιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered, mingled"},{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθ᾽","gloss":"close at hand","note":"ἀγχίμολον δὲ: adverbial phrase bridging to next line's arrival of Agamemnon's soul."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b24-l20","source":"ἤλυθʼ ἔπι ψυχὴ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο","translation":"came up the soul of Agamemnon son of Atreus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up, near"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθ᾽","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴ","gloss":"of Agamemnon"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b24-l21","source":"ἀχνυμένη· περὶ δʼ ἄλλαι ἀγηγέραθʼ, ὅσσαι ἅμʼ αὐτῷ","translation":"grieving; and round him were assembled the others, all who","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀχνυμένη","title":"Participle of grief","body":"A present middle participle, 'grieving,' agreeing with psychê (soul). Such participles let Homer pack feeling into a single descriptive word."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀχνυμένη","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθ᾽","gloss":"grieving","note":"ἀχνυμένη: present participle, still grieving even in death - pathos carried into the underworld."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"round, about"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἀγηγέραθ᾽","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἀγηγέραθ","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gathered","note":"Perfect ἀγηγέραθ᾽: emphasizes the resulting state - already assembled around him."},{"surface":"ὅσσαι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἅμ᾽","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b24-l22","source":"οἴκῳ ἐν Αἰγίσθοιο θάνον καὶ πότμον ἐπέσπον.","translation":"in the house of Aigisthos died and met their doom with him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Αἰγίσθοιο","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"of Aigisthos","note":"Recalls Agamemnon's murder at the hands of Aigisthos - the tragic backstory named in the underworld."},{"surface":"θάνον","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέσπον","gloss":"doom, fate"},{"surface":"ἐπέσπον","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"met, suffered"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b24-l23","source":"τὸν προτέρη ψυχὴ προσεφώνεε Πηλεΐωνος·","translation":"To him the soul of the son of Peleus spoke first:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προτέρη","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed, spoke to"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνος","lemma":"Πηλείων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴ","gloss":"son of Peleus","note":"Πηλεΐωνος: patronymic for Achilles, who speaks first - direct discourse begins the exchange with Agamemnon."}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b24-l24","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη, περὶ μέν σʼ ἔφαμεν Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, we used to say that of all heroes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ","title":"Zeus who delights in thunder","body":"The dative epithet 'who delights in the thunderbolt' is a stock title for Zeus. The dative marks the one to whom Agamemnon was thought dear."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus","note":"Vocative direct address opening Achilles' speech to Agamemnon's shade."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above all"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔφαμεν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we used to say"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"τερπικεραύνῳ","lemma":"τερπικέραυνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"who delights in thunder","note":"τερπικεραύνῳ: fixed epithet of Zeus, 'thunder-delighting' - standard formulaic divine epithet."}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b24-l25","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων φίλον ἔμμεναι ἤματα πάντα,","translation":"you were dearest to Zeus who delights in thunder, all your days,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear, dearest"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφαμεν","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b24-l26","source":"οὕνεκα πολλοῖσίν τε καὶ ἰφθίμοισιν ἄνασσες","translation":"because you ruled over many mighty men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"πολλοῖσίν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, also"},{"surface":"ἰφθίμοισιν","lemma":"ἴφθιμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἄνασσες","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"you ruled"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b24-l27","source":"δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων, ὅθι πάσχομεν ἄλγεʼ Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"in the land of the Trojans, where we Achaeans suffered pains.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάσχομεν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πάσχομεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δήμῳ","gloss":"we suffered"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχομεν","gloss":"pains, griefs"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάσχομεν","gloss":"Achaeans","note":"Ἀχαιοί: the Greeks' epic name, here as subject - Achilles recalls their shared Trojan War suffering."}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b24-l28","source":"ἦ τʼ ἄρα καὶ σοὶ πρῶϊ παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν","translation":"Yet on you too, all too early, was destined to come","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and (enclitic)"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even, too"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of παραστήσεσθαι","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"πρῶϊ","lemma":"πρωί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παραστήσεσθαι","gloss":"early, too soon"},{"surface":"παραστήσεσθαι","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"was to come","note":"Future infinitive after ἔμελλεν 'was destined' - foreshadows the coming account of Agamemnon's death."},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was destined"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b24-l29","source":"μοῖρʼ ὀλοή, τὴν οὔ τις ἀλεύεται ὅς κε γένηται.","translation":"deadly fate, which no man born can escape.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ὀλοή","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"deadly","note":"ὀλοός 'destructive' – standard Homeric epithet for death/fate"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀλεύεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλεύεται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀλεύεται","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"escapes","note":"gnomic present: timeless truth, 'no one escapes' (not just now)"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indef.)","note":"κε + subjunctive γένηται = generalizing 'whoever is born'"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"is born"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b24-l30","source":"ὡς ὄφελες τιμῆς ἀπονήμενος, ἧς περ ἄνασσες,","translation":"Would that, in the enjoyment of the honor over which you ruled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that","note":"ὡς ὄφελες + inf. = unfulfilled wish, 'would that you had...'"},{"surface":"ὄφελες","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you ought to have"},{"surface":"τιμῆς","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπονήμενος","gloss":"honor"},{"surface":"ἀπονήμενος","lemma":"ἀπονίναμαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπισπεῖν","gloss":"enjoying"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνασσες","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνασσες","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τιμῆς","gloss":"you ruled"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b24-l31","source":"δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν·","translation":"you had met death and your doom in the land of the Trojans;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in","note":"ἔνι = anastrophic/tmesis form of ἐν, epic variant"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐπισπεῖν","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελες","gloss":"met"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b24-l32","source":"τῷ κέν τοι τύμβον μὲν ἐποίησαν Παναχαιοί,","translation":"then all the Achaeans would have made you a tomb,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(cond.)","note":"κέν marks the apodosis of an unreal past condition, 'would have'"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τύμβον","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"tomb"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have made"},{"surface":"Παναχαιοί","lemma":"Παναχαιοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐποίησαν","gloss":"all the Achaeans","note":"Παναχαιοί = 'all-Achaeans', poetic compound emphasizing unity"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b24-l33","source":"ἠδέ κε καὶ σῷ παιδὶ μέγα κλέος ἤραʼ ὀπίσσω·","translation":"and for your son too you would have won great glory hereafter.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l33.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"kleos = glory","body":"Kleos is the renown that outlives a man, 'what is heard' of him. Winning it for one's heirs is a central heroic value."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδέ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(cond.)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤρα᾽","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤρα᾽","gloss":"glory","note":"κλέος = the epic's central value, immortal fame won through deeds"},{"surface":"ἤρα","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have won"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤρα᾽","gloss":"hereafter"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b24-l34","source":"νῦν δʼ ἄρα σʼ οἰκτίστῳ θανάτῳ εἵμαρτο ἁλῶναι.","translation":"But now it was your fate to be caught by a most pitiful death.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵμαρτο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἁλῶναι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οἰκτίστῳ","lemma":"οἴκτιστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτῳ","gloss":"most pitiful"},{"surface":"θανάτῳ","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἁλῶναι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"εἵμαρτο","lemma":"μείρομαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it was fated","note":"εἵμαρτο, pluperfect of μείρομαι 'to receive as one's portion' — root of μοῖρα 'fate'"},{"surface":"ἁλῶναι","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of εἵμαρτο","gloss":"to be caught"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b24-l35","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε ψυχὴ προσεφώνεεν Ἀτρείδαο·","translation":"Then the soul of the son of Atreus answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"soul","note":"ψυχή = the shade in the underworld; here Agamemnon's soul is the one answering Achilles."},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"Ἀτρείδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴ","gloss":"of the son of Atreus"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b24-l36","source":"ὄλβιε Πηλέος υἱέ, θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ,","translation":"\"Blessed son of Peleus, godlike Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l36.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄλβιε","title":"olbios = blessed","body":"Olbios denotes deep, fortunate happiness. Agamemnon calls the dead Achilles 'blessed' because he died gloriously and was honored, unlike Agamemnon himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄλβιε","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱέ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"Πηλέος","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέ","gloss":"of Peleus"},{"surface":"υἱέ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐπιείκελ᾽","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"ἐπιείκελ","lemma":"ἐπιείκελος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεῦ","gloss":"equal","note":"θεοῖς ἐπιείκελε 'like unto the gods' — a formulaic epithet of Achilles"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b24-l37","source":"ὃς θάνες ἐν Τροίῃ ἑκὰς Ἄργεος· ἀμφὶ δέ σʼ ἄλλοι","translation":"you who died at Troy far from Argos; and around you others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θάνες","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"θάνες","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"you died"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Troy"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἑκὰς","gloss":"from Argos"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"others","note":"ἀμφὶ...ἄλλοι splits a prepositional phrase across the line (tmesis-like word order), 'around you others'"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b24-l38","source":"κτείνοντο Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν υἷες ἄριστοι,","translation":"the best sons of the Trojans and the Achaeans, were being killed,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτείνοντο","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were being killed"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b24-l39","source":"μαρνάμενοι περὶ σεῖο· σὺ δʼ ἐν στροφάλιγγι κονίης","translation":"fighting over you; and you in the whirling cloud of dust","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρνάμενοι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κτείνοντο","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖσο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στροφάλιγγι","lemma":"στροφάλιγξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"whirl"},{"surface":"κονίης","lemma":"κονία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies στροφάλιγγι","gloss":"of dust","note":"στροφάλιγγι κονίης 'whirling eddy of dust' — vivid battlefield image"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b24-l40","source":"κεῖσο μέγας μεγαλωστί, λελασμένος ἱπποσυνάων.","translation":"lay mighty in your might, forgetful of your horsemanship.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l40.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μέγας μεγαλωστί","title":"mighty in your might","body":"A famous figura etymologica, 'great greatly,' or 'mighty in your might.' The same phrase describes Patroklos' slaying of Kebriones (Hector's charioteer) in the Iliad (16.776) — Patroklos, not Achilles, kills Kebriones in that episode."}],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖσο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you lay"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σὺ","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"μεγαλωστί","lemma":"μεγαλωστί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖσο","gloss":"mightily","note":"μεγαλωστί, rare adverb built on μέγας, only used of Achilles' corpse — 'in your vast bulk'"},{"surface":"λελασμένος","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖσο","gloss":"forgetful"},{"surface":"ἱπποσυνάων","lemma":"ἱπποσύνη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of λελασμένος","gloss":"of horsemanship"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b24-l41","source":"ἡμεῖς δὲ πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐμαρνάμεθʼ· οὐδέ κε πάμπαν","translation":"We fought the whole day long; nor would we ever","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμαρνάμεθ᾽","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόπαν","lemma":"πρόπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐμαρνάμεθ᾽","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἐμαρνάμεθ","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(cond.)"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παυσάμεθα","gloss":"altogether"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b24-l42","source":"παυσάμεθα πτολέμου, εἰ μὴ Ζεὺς λαίλαπι παῦσεν.","translation":"have ceased from the battle, had not Zeus stopped it with a storm.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παυσάμεθα","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we would have ceased"},{"surface":"πτολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παυσάμεθα","gloss":"from battle"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παῦσεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"λαίλαπι","lemma":"λαῖλαψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παῦσεν","gloss":"with a storm","note":"λαῖλαψ, a sudden squall — divine intervention halting the battle over Achilles' body"},{"surface":"παῦσεν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had stopped"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b24-l43","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί σʼ ἐπὶ νῆας ἐνείκαμεν ἐκ πολέμοιο,","translation":"But when we had carried you out of the fighting to the ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐνείκαμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐνείκαμεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"we carried"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the fighting"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b24-l44","source":"κάτθεμεν ἐν λεχέεσσι, καθήραντες χρόα καλὸν","translation":"we laid you on a bier, when we had cleansed your fair flesh","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάτθεμεν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we laid down"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσι","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"a bier"},{"surface":"καθήραντες","lemma":"καθαίρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάτθεμεν","gloss":"having cleansed"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθήραντες","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"fair"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b24-l45","source":"ὕδατί τε λιαρῷ καὶ ἀλείφατι· πολλὰ δέ σʼ ἀμφὶ","translation":"with warm water and with oil; and over you many","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕδατί","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with water"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λιαρῷ","lemma":"λιαρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδατί","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλείφατι","lemma":"ἄλειφαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with oil"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b24-l46","source":"δάκρυα θερμὰ χέον Δαναοὶ κείροντό τε χαίτας.","translation":"hot tears the Danaans shed, and shore off their hair.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χέον","gloss":"tears","note":"δάκρυα θερμὰ χέον 'shed hot tears' — δάκρυα picked up from πολλὰ...ἀμφὶ σ' spanning the previous line"},{"surface":"θερμὰ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυα","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"χέον","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shed"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"the Danaans"},{"surface":"κείροντό","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shore off"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαίτας","lemma":"χαίτη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κείροντό","gloss":"hair","note":"cutting hair was a Greek mourning ritual, offered to the dead"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b24-l47","source":"μήτηρ δʼ ἐξ ἁλὸς ἦλθε σὺν ἀθανάτῃς ἁλίῃσιν","translation":"Your mother came up from the sea with the immortal sea-nymphs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτῃς","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλίῃσιν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ἁλίῃσιν","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"sea-nymphs","note":"Thetis and her Nereid sisters rising from the sea to mourn Achilles"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b24-l48","source":"ἀγγελίης ἀΐουσα· βοὴ δʼ ἐπὶ πόντον ὀρώρει","translation":"having heard the news; and a cry rose over the deep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγγελίης","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀΐουσα","gloss":"the news"},{"surface":"ἀΐουσα","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"βοὴ","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the deep"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had risen"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b24-l49","source":"θεσπεσίη, ὑπὸ δὲ τρόμος ἔλλαβε πάντας Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"an awesome cry, and trembling seized all the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπεσίη","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοὴ","gloss":"awesome","note":"θεσπέσιος 'divinely-sounding' — describes the supernatural wailing of the sea-nymphs"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρόμος","lemma":"τρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"ἔλλαβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔλλαβε","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b24-l50","source":"καί νύ κʼ ἀναΐξαντες ἔβαν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας,","translation":"And now they would have sprung up and gone to the hollow ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(cond.)"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξαντες","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"rushing up"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have gone"},{"surface":"κοίλας","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships","note":"κοίλας...νῆας 'hollow ships' — standard Homeric epithet for the beached fleet"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b24-l51","source":"εἰ μὴ ἀνὴρ κατέρυκε παλαιά τε πολλά τε εἰδώς,","translation":"had not a man held them back, one who knew much and ancient lore,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"κατέρυκε","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"παλαιά","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"ancient things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"many things"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"knowing","note":"παλαιά τε πολλά τε εἰδώς 'knowing much and old things' — formula praising Nestor's wisdom"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b24-l52","source":"Νέστωρ, οὗ καὶ πρόσθεν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή·","translation":"Nestor, whose counsel had before this too seemed best;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βουλή","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαίνετο","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Νέστωρ","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φαίνετο","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b24-l53","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"with kind intent he spoke and addressed them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐϋφρονέων","lemma":"εὐφρονέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thinking kindly","note":"εὐφρονέων 'with good will' — marks Nestor's benevolent, calming intent"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b24-l54","source":"ἴσχεσθʼ, Ἀργεῖοι, μὴ φεύγετε, κοῦροι\n                        Ἀχαιῶν·","translation":"'Hold, Argives; do not flee, you young men of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l54.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἴσχεσθʼ ... μὴ φεύγετε","title":"Imperatives of command","body":"Nestor uses a present middle imperative ('hold yourselves') and a present imperative with mê ('do not flee'). Mê plus the present imperative tells them to stop an action already underway."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσχεσθ","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Argives"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"φεύγετε","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b24-l55","source":"μήτηρ ἐξ ἁλὸς ἥδε σὺν ἀθανάτῃς ἁλίῃσιν","translation":"This is his mother, coming up from the sea with the immortal sea-nymphs,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔρχεται","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"this","note":"ἥδε 'this one here' — deictic, Nestor points to Thetis as she arrives"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτῃς","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλίῃσιν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ἁλίῃσιν","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"sea-nymphs"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b24-l56","source":"ἔρχεται, οὗ παιδὸς τεθνηότος ἀντιόωσα.","translation":"to meet the body of her dead son.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεται","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντιόωσα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"τεθνηότος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"ἀντιόωσα","lemma":"ἀντιάζω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεται","gloss":"to meet","note":"future participle ἀντιόωσα expressing purpose, 'to go meet/greet'"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b24-l57","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἔσχοντο φόβου μεγάθυμοι\n                     Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"So he spoke, and the great-hearted Achaeans ceased their fear.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἔφατο, thematic aorist-like imperfect of φημί with mediopassive endings — common formula opener"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσχοντο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased, held back"},{"surface":"φόβου","lemma":"φόβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔσχοντο","gloss":"of fear","note":"genitive with ἔσχοντο 'held themselves from' — verb of ceasing takes genitive"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμοι","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Achaeans","note":"stock epithet-noun pair μεγάθυμοι Ἀχαιοί, a recurring Homeric formula"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b24-l58","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ σʼ ἔστησαν κοῦραι ἁλίοιο γέροντος","translation":"Around you stood the daughters of the old man of the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔστησαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"3rd-plural ἔστησαν is identical for the transitive weak aorist and the intransitive root aorist of ἵστημι; here intransitive: 'they stood (around you)'."},{"surface":"κοῦραι","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔστησαν","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"ἁλίοιο","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦραι","gloss":"old man","note":"ὁ ἅλιος γέρων = Nereus, 'the old man of the sea', a standard epithet"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b24-l59","source":"οἴκτρʼ ὀλοφυρόμεναι, περὶ δʼ ἄμβροτα εἵματα ἕσσαν.","translation":"wailing piteously, and they wrapped you in immortal garments.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκτρ","lemma":"οἰκτρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὀλοφυρόμεναι","gloss":"piteously"},{"surface":"ὀλοφυρόμεναι","lemma":"ὀλοφύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔστησαν","gloss":"wailing"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"about, around","note":"περὶ used adverbially/emphatically (tmesis with ἕσσαν) rather than as a governing preposition"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμβροτα","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕσσαν","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἕσσαν","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they clothed","note":"root aorist ἕσσαν from ἕννυμι 'to clothe', with περί in tmesis: 'clothed you round about'"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b24-l60","source":"Μοῦσαι δʼ ἐννέα πᾶσαι ἀμειβόμεναι ὀπὶ καλῇ","translation":"And the nine Muses, all of them, answering one another with lovely voice,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μοῦσαι","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of θρήνεον","gloss":"the Muses"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies Μοῦσαι","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μοῦσαι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμεναι","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to θρήνεον","gloss":"answering, alternating","note":"middle participle of ἀμείβω, 'taking turns' — describes antiphonal singing"},{"surface":"ὀπὶ","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμειβόμεναι","gloss":"with voice"},{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀπὶ","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b24-l61","source":"θρήνεον· ἔνθα κεν οὔ τινʼ ἀδάκρυτόν γʼ ἐνόησας","translation":"sang the dirge; there you could not have noticed a single one","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θρήνεον","lemma":"θρηνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sang the dirge","note":"θρήνεον, imperfect of θρηνέω 'to sing a dirge' — root of English 'threnody'"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνόησας","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)","note":"ἄν/κεν with the aorist ἐνόησας gives a past potential, 'you could have noticed'"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησας","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀδάκρυτόν","lemma":"ἀδάκρυτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"tearless"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐνόησας","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you noticed"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b24-l62","source":"Ἀργείων· τοῖον γὰρ ὑπώρορε Μοῦσα λίγεια.","translation":"of the Argives without tears, so did the clear-voiced Muse stir them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπώρορε","gloss":"so, such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὑπώρορε","lemma":"ὑπόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred up","note":"ὑπόρνυμι, aorist ὑπώρορε, 'roused (grief) from beneath' — vivid compound for the Muse's power over emotion"},{"surface":"Μοῦσα","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὑπώρορε","gloss":"the Muse"},{"surface":"λίγεια","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μοῦσα","gloss":"clear-voiced","note":"λίγεια, standard epithet for the Muses' song"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b24-l63","source":"ἑπτὰ δὲ καὶ δέκα μέν σε ὁμῶς νύκτας τε καὶ ἦμαρ","translation":"For seventeen nights alike, and through the day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑπτὰ","lemma":"ἑπτά","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"ten","note":"ἑπτὰ καὶ δέκα = 'seventeen', numerals combined additively rather than a single word"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κλαίομεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"day","note":"accusative of duration ἦμαρ, 'for the (whole) day', paired with νύκτας"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b24-l64","source":"κλαίομεν ἀθάνατοί τε θεοὶ θνητοί τʼ ἄνθρωποι·","translation":"we wept for you, immortal gods and mortal men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαίομεν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we wept"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοί","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"θνητοί","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνθρωποι","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνθρωποι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"men","note":"ἀθάνατοί...θεοὶ θνητοί τ᾽ ἄνθρωποι, a balanced polar merism 'gods and men' framing universal mourning"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b24-l65","source":"ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῃ δʼ ἔδομεν πυρί, πολλὰ δέ σʼ ἀμφὶ","translation":"on the eighteenth we gave you to the fire, and around you many","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῃ","lemma":"ὀκτωκαιδέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔδομεν","gloss":"on the eighteenth (day)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδομεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we gave","note":"ἔδομεν here from δίδωμι 'gave (you) to the fire', i.e. cremated you"},{"surface":"πυρί","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδομεν","gloss":"to fire"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b24-l66","source":"μῆλα κατεκτάνομεν μάλα πίονα καὶ ἕλικας βοῦς.","translation":"sheep we slaughtered, very fat, and shambling cattle.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"κατεκτάνομεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we slaughtered"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλικας","lemma":"ἕλιξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"shambling, curved-horn","note":"ἕλιξ 'curving, twisting' describing the cattle's gait or horns, a Homeric stock epithet"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b24-l67","source":"καίεο δʼ ἔν τʼ ἐσθῆτι θεῶν καὶ ἀλείφατι πολλῷ","translation":"You were burned in the raiment of the gods and in abundant oil","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καίεο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were burned","note":"medio-passive imperfect καίεο, 'you kept burning' — vivid direct address to the dead Achilles"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ἐσθῆτι","lemma":"ἐσθής","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"raiment"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐσθῆτι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλείφατι","lemma":"ἄλειφαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"πολλῷ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀλείφατι","gloss":"abundant"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b24-l68","source":"καὶ μέλιτι γλυκερῷ· πολλοὶ δʼ ἥρωες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"and sweet honey; and many heroes of the Achaeans","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέλιτι","lemma":"μέλι","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"honey"},{"surface":"γλυκερῷ","lemma":"γλυκερός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέλιτι","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥρωες","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"heroes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἥρωες","gloss":"Achaean"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b24-l69","source":"τεύχεσιν ἐρρώσαντο πυρὴν πέρι καιομένοιο,","translation":"rushed about in their armor around the blazing pyre,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχεσιν","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρρώσαντο","gloss":"in armor"},{"surface":"ἐρρώσαντο","lemma":"ῥώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed about","note":"ἐρρώσαντο, aorist of ῥώομαι 'to dart/rush', vivid image of armed warriors circling the pyre"},{"surface":"πυρὴν","lemma":"πυρή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"pyre"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around","note":"πέρι postposed after πυρὴν = anastrophe, common Homeric word order for prepositions"},{"surface":"καιομένοιο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρρώσαντο","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b24-l70","source":"πεζοί θʼ ἱππῆές τε· πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει","translation":"footmen and charioteers; and a great din arose.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πεζοί","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"footmen"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱππῆές","lemma":"ἱππεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"charioteers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀρυμαγδὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸς","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had arisen","note":"pluperfect ὀρώρει of ὄρνυμι, reduplicated perfect stem giving a vivid 'had sprung up' sense"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b24-l71","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δή σε φλὸξ ἤνυσεν Ἡφαίστοιο,","translation":"But when the flame of Hephaistos had finished its work on you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἤνυσεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φλὸξ","lemma":"φλόξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤνυσεν","gloss":"flame"},{"surface":"ἤνυσεν","lemma":"ἀνύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had finished","note":"ἀνύω 'accomplish, finish' — the flame 'finished its work' on the body, a euphemism for cremation"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φλὸξ","gloss":"of Hephaistos","note":"fire personified as 'Hephaistos', the fire-god, a common Homeric metonymy"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b24-l72","source":"ἠῶθεν δή τοι λέγομεν λεύκʼ ὀστέʼ, Ἀχιλλεῦ,","translation":"at dawn we gathered your white bones, Achilles,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἠῶθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέγομεν","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ὀστέ᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"λέγομεν","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we gathered"},{"surface":"λεύκ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀστέ᾽","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὀστέ","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λέγομεν","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles","note":"vocative direct address — the ghost of Agamemnon narrates Achilles' funeral to him"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b24-l73","source":"οἴνῳ ἐν ἀκρήτῳ καὶ ἀλείφατι· δῶκε δὲ μήτηρ","translation":"in unmixed wine and in oil; and your mother gave","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in wine"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀκρήτῳ","lemma":"ἄκρατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνῳ","gloss":"unmixed","note":"ἄκρατος 'unmixed' wine, i.e. not diluted with water — a mark of special ritual honor"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλείφατι","lemma":"ἄλειφαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"oil"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"mother","note":"Thetis, Achilles' sea-goddess mother"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b24-l74","source":"χρύσεον ἀμφιφορῆα· Διωνύσοιο δὲ δῶρον","translation":"a golden urn; she said it was the gift of Dionysos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιφορῆα","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἀμφιφορῆα","lemma":"ἀμφιφορεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"urn","note":"ἀμφιφορεύς, a two-handled jar; here the famous golden urn holding Achilles' bones"},{"surface":"Διωνύσοιο","lemma":"Διόνυσος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶρον","gloss":"of Dionysos"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῶρον","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gift"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b24-l75","source":"φάσκʼ ἔμεναι, ἔργον δὲ περικλυτοῦ Ἡφαίστοιο.","translation":"and the work of the far-famed Hephaistos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φάσκ","lemma":"φάσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she claimed"},{"surface":"ἔμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φάσκ᾽","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περικλυτοῦ","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἡφαίστοιο","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"of Hephaistos","note":"the urn is credited as a divine gift and Hephaistos' craftsmanship — doubly prestigious"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b24-l76","source":"ἐν τῷ τοι κεῖται λεύκʼ ὀστέα, φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ,","translation":"In it your white bones lie, glorious Achilles,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"λεύκ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"φαίδιμ","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλεῦ","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b24-l77","source":"μίγδα δὲ Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος,","translation":"mingled with those of the dead Patroklos son of Menoitios,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίγδα","lemma":"μίγδα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"mingled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πατρόκλοιο","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Patroklos"},{"surface":"Μενοιτιάδαο","lemma":"Μενοιτιάδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"son of Menoitios"},{"surface":"θανόντος","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Πατρόκλοιο","gloss":"having died","note":"genitive absolute-like construction with θανόντος, marking Patroklos as already dead"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b24-l78","source":"χωρὶς δʼ Ἀντιλόχοιο, τὸν ἔξοχα τῖες ἁπάντων","translation":"and apart those of Antilochos, whom you honored above all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωρὶς","lemma":"χωρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"apart, separately"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντιλόχοιο","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of Antilochos"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τῖες","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἔξοχα","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"τῖες","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀντιλόχοιο","gloss":"you honored"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρων","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b24-l79","source":"τῶν ἄλλων ἑτάρων, μετὰ Πάτροκλόν γε θανόντα.","translation":"the rest of your companions, after the dead Patroklos.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἑτάρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρων","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔξοχα","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλόν","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"Patroklos"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θανόντα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πάτροκλόν","gloss":"having died","note":"Antilochos ranked second in Achilles' affection, after the dead Patroklos"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b24-l80","source":"ἀμφʼ αὐτοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτα μέγαν καὶ ἀμύμονα τύμβον","translation":"And over them then a great and faultless tomb","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτοῖσι","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χεύαμεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"faultless"},{"surface":"τύμβον","lemma":"τύμβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χεύαμεν","gloss":"tomb"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b24-l81","source":"χεύαμεν Ἀργείων ἱερὸς στρατὸς αἰχμητάων","translation":"we heaped up, the holy host of Argive spearmen,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεύαμεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we heaped up","note":"χεύαμεν, aorist of χέω 'pour', used for heaping up a burial mound — common Homeric idiom for tomb-building"},{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰχμητάων","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"ἱερὸς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στρατὸς","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"στρατὸς","lemma":"στρατός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χεύαμεν","gloss":"host, army"},{"surface":"αἰχμητάων","lemma":"αἰχμητής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στρατὸς","gloss":"of spearmen"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b24-l82","source":"ἀκτῇ ἔπι προὐχούσῃ, ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ,","translation":"on a jutting headland, by the broad Hellespont,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκτῇ","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"headland"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon","note":"ἐπὶ postposed after ἀκτῇ = anastrophe, typical Homeric prepositional placement"},{"surface":"προὐχούσῃ","lemma":"προέχω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"modifies ἀκτῇ","gloss":"jutting out"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"πλατεῖ","lemma":"πλατύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἑλλησπόντῳ","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"Ἑλλησπόντῳ","lemma":"Ἑλλήσποντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"Hellespont"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b24-l83","source":"ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς ἐκ ποντόφιν ἀνδράσιν εἴη","translation":"so that it might be seen far off from the sea by men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l83.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὥς κεν ... εἴη","title":"Purpose with an optative","body":"The construction 'so that it might be' uses an optative in a purpose clause after a past-tense main verb. The optative marks the goal of the action as it stood in the past."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"τηλεφανὴς","lemma":"τηλεφανής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"visible from afar","note":"τηλεφανής, compound adjective 'far-shining/visible' — the tomb built to be seen by sailors"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποντόφιν","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the sea","note":"ποντόφιν, archaic -φιν instrumental/ablatival ending on πόντος, a Homeric case relic"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"it might be"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b24-l84","source":"τοῖς οἳ νῦν γεγάασι καὶ οἳ μετόπισθεν ἔσονται.","translation":"both those who now are alive and those who shall be hereafter.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνδράσιν","gloss":"to those"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γεγάασι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γεγάασι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γεγάασι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"are born, exist","note":"perfect γεγάασι of γίγνομαι, 'have come to be' i.e. 'are living now' — perfect with present force"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μετόπισθεν","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσονται","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"ἔσονται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b24-l85","source":"μήτηρ δʼ αἰτήσασα θεοὺς περικαλλέʼ ἄεθλα","translation":"And your mother, asking the gods for them, set most beautiful prizes","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"your mother"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰτήσασα","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"asking","note":"aorist participle marks the asking as prior to the setting-out of prizes"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰτήσασα","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"περικαλλέ","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"very beautiful","note":"elided -α before vowel; stock epithet for costly funeral prizes"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of αἰτήσασα","gloss":"prizes"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b24-l86","source":"θῆκε μέσῳ ἐν ἀγῶνι ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"in the midst of the contest for the chieftains of the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l86.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀγῶνι","title":"agôn = contest","body":"The agôn is the gathering-place and the games held there, here the funeral contests for Achilles. The English word 'agony' descends from this root of struggle."}],"words":[{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she set"},{"surface":"μέσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγῶνι","gloss":"in the midst"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the contest"},{"surface":"ἀριστήεσσιν","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"for the chieftains","note":"dative of advantage/interest with θῆκε, 'set out for'"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀριστήεσσιν","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b24-l87","source":"ἤδη μὲν πολέων τάφῳ ἀνδρῶν ἀντεβόλησας","translation":"By now you have come upon the funerals of many men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀντεβόλησας","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολέων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"τάφῳ","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντεβόλησας","gloss":"funeral"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τάφῳ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἀντεβόλησας","lemma":"ἀντιβολέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have met","note":"ἀντιβολέω + dative: 'come upon/attend' funerals, an idiom for witnessing"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b24-l88","source":"ἡρώων, ὅτε κέν ποτʼ ἀποφθιμένου βασιλῆος","translation":"of heroes, when at the death of some king","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of heroes"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]","note":"κέν with subjunctive-flavored ὅτε gives a generalizing 'whenever' sense"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"at some point"},{"surface":"ἀποφθιμένου","lemma":"ἀποφθίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having died","note":"genitive absolute construction: 'when a king has died'"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποφθιμένου","gloss":"a king"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b24-l89","source":"ζώννυνταί τε νέοι καὶ ἐπεντύνονται ἄεθλα·","translation":"the young men gird themselves and make ready for the games;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώννυνταί","lemma":"ζώννυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"gird themselves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the young men"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεντύνονται","lemma":"ἐπεντύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"make ready","note":"vivid present tense amid past narrative, a customary/habitual scene"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπεντύνονται","gloss":"for the games"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b24-l90","source":"ἀλλά κε κεῖνα μάλιστα ἰδὼν θηήσαο θυμῷ,","translation":"but those above all you would have marveled at in your heart, seeing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"κεῖνα","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"those things"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θηήσαο","gloss":"most of all"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θηήσαο","gloss":"seeing","note":"aorist participle expresses the seeing as the occasion for the marveling"},{"surface":"θηήσαο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would have marveled"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θηήσαο","gloss":"in your heart"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b24-l91","source":"οἷʼ ἐπὶ σοὶ κατέθηκε θεὰ περικαλλέʼ ἄεθλα,","translation":"what kind of most beautiful prizes the goddess set for you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"what kind of"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κατέθηκε","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κεῖνα","gloss":"she set out","note":"κατατίθημι, 'set down/lay out' — technical verb for arranging prizes at games"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"περικαλλέ","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλα","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"ἄεθλα","lemma":"ἆθλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατέθηκε","gloss":"prizes"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b24-l92","source":"ἀργυρόπεζα Θέτις· μάλα γὰρ φίλος ἦσθα θεοῖσιν.","translation":"silver-footed Thetis; for you were very dear to the gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l92.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀργυρόπεζα Θέτις","title":"silver-footed Thetis","body":"A standing epithet for Achilles' sea-nymph mother, 'silver-footed.' Such name-plus-epithet formulas fit the metrical slot at line's end."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργυρόπεζα","lemma":"ἀργυρόπεζα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Θέτις","gloss":"silver-footed","note":"fixed Homeric epithet of Thetis, ἀργυρόπεζα"},{"surface":"Θέτις","lemma":"Θέτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Thetis"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦσθα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦσθα","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b24-l93","source":"ὣς σὺ μὲν οὐδὲ θανὼν ὄνομʼ ὤλεσας, ἀλλά τοι αἰεὶ","translation":"So you, even in death, have not lost your name, but always","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤλεσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὤλεσας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θανὼν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤλεσας","gloss":"having died","note":"concessive nuance: 'even though dead' you kept your name"},{"surface":"ὄνομ","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὤλεσας","gloss":"your name"},{"surface":"ὤλεσας","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you lost"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσεται","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b24-l94","source":"πάντας ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους κλέος ἔσσεται ἐσθλόν, Ἀχιλλεῦ,","translation":"among all men your glory will be noble, Achilles.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l94.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος ... ἐσθλόν","title":"noble glory","body":"Achilles' kleos is 'noble' (esthlon) and undying. The line states the epic's own promise: the hero's renown survives in the song itself."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ἐσθλόν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεῦ","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Achilles","note":"vocative address, direct speech of Agamemnon's ghost to Achilles"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b24-l95","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ τί τόδʼ ἦδος, ἐπεὶ πόλεμον τολύπευσα;","translation":"But for me, what joy is this, now that I have wound up the war?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἦδος","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἦδος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἦδος","lemma":"ἦδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"joy","note":"rare noun ἦδος, 'pleasure' — bitter rhetorical question from the dead Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τολύπευσα","gloss":"the war"},{"surface":"τολύπευσα","lemma":"τολυπεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"I wound up","note":"τολυπεύω literally 'wind up wool/thread' — metaphor for finishing off the war"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b24-l96","source":"ἐν νόστῳ γάρ μοι Ζεὺς μήσατο λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον","translation":"For on my homecoming Zeus contrived a wretched ruin for me","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l96.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστῳ","title":"nostos = homecoming","body":"Nostos, the return home, is the governing theme of the Odyssey. Agamemnon's ruined nostos is the dark mirror of Odysseus' successful one."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νόστῳ","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μήσατο","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήσατο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"μήσατο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"contrived","note":"μήδομαι, plotting/devising, often with sinister overtones"},{"surface":"λυγρὸν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήσατο","gloss":"ruin"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b24-l97","source":"Αἰγίσθου ὑπὸ χερσὶ καὶ οὐλομένης ἀλόχοιο.","translation":"by the hands of Aigisthos and of my accursed wife.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰγίσθου","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Aigisthos"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐλομένης","lemma":"οὐλόμενος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχοιο","gloss":"accursed","note":"οὐλόμενος, 'destructive/accursed' — bitter epithet applied to Clytemnestra"},{"surface":"ἀλόχοιο","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"my wife"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b24-l98","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were speaking"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b24-l99","source":"ἀγχίμολον δέ σφʼ ἦλθε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης,","translation":"and close at hand came up to them the guide, the slayer of Argos,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l99.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης","title":"Hermes' epithets","body":"'Guide' (diaktoros) and 'slayer of Argos' (argeiphontes) are formulaic titles of Hermes, naming his role as escort of souls. The epithets identify the god without naming him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"close at hand"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"the guide","note":"διάκτορος + ἀργεϊφόντης: standard formulaic epithet-pair for Hermes as guide of souls"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Argos-slayer"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b24-l100","source":"ψυχὰς μνηστήρων κατάγων Ὀδυσῆϊ δαμέντων,","translation":"leading down the souls of the suitors slain by Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχὰς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατάγων","gloss":"the souls"},{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὰς","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"κατάγων","lemma":"κατάγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"leading down","note":"present participle κατάγων, Hermes' role as psychopomp leading souls to Hades"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαμέντων","gloss":"by Odysseus"},{"surface":"δαμέντων","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies μνηστήρων","gloss":"slain"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b24-l101","source":"τὼ δʼ ἄρα θαμβήσαντʼ ἰθὺς κίον, ὡς ἐσιδέσθην.","translation":"and the two of them, astonished, went straight up, when they saw them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l101.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ ... ἐσιδέσθην","title":"Dual number","body":"The forms 'the two' (tô) and 'they saw' (esidesthên) are duals, used for the pair Achilles and Agamemnon. Homeric Greek keeps the dual for natural pairs."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κίον","gloss":"the two of them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θαμβήσαντ","lemma":"θαμβέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"astonished","note":"dual number θαμβήσαντ(ε), referring to the two ghosts Achilles and Agamemnon together"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐσιδέσθην","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"they saw","note":"dual verb ἐσιδέσθην matches the dual subject τὼ"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b24-l102","source":"ἔγνω δὲ ψυχὴ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο","translation":"And the soul of Agamemnon son of Atreus recognized","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔγνω","gloss":"the soul"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴ","gloss":"of Agamemnon"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b24-l103","source":"παῖδα φίλον Μελανῆος, ἀγακλυτὸν Ἀμφιμέδοντα·","translation":"the dear son of Melaneus, far-famed Amphimedon;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"Μελανῆος","lemma":"Μελανεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"of Melaneus"},{"surface":"ἀγακλυτὸν","lemma":"ἀγακλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀμφιμέδοντα","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιμέδοντα","lemma":"Ἀμφιμέδων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Amphimedon"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b24-l104","source":"ξεῖνος γάρ οἱ ἔην Ἰθάκῃ ἔνι οἰκία ναίων.","translation":"for he had been his host, dwelling in his house on Ithaca.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a guest-friend","note":"ξένος names a bond of hospitality — explains why Agamemnon's ghost recognizes him"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he had been"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἰκία","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίων","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ναίων","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b24-l105","source":"τὸν προτέρη ψυχὴ προσεφώνεεν Ἀτρεΐδαο·","translation":"To him the soul of the son of Atreus spoke first:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"προτέρη","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"the soul"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴ","gloss":"son of Atreus"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b24-l106","source":"Ἀμφίμεδον, τί παθόντες ἐρεμνὴν γαῖαν ἔδυτε","translation":"\"Amphimedon, what has befallen you, that you have gone down beneath the dark earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀμφίμεδον","lemma":"Ἀμφιμέδων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Amphimedon","note":"vocative direct address opening Agamemnon's speech to the newly-dead suitor"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of παθόντες","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"παθόντες","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδυτε","gloss":"having suffered"},{"surface":"ἐρεμνὴν","lemma":"ἐρεμνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔδυτε","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἔδυτε","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you went down"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b24-l107","source":"πάντες κεκριμένοι καὶ ὁμήλικες; οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως","translation":"all of you chosen men and of one age? Not otherwise","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κεκριμένοι","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"chosen","note":"perfect participle 'having been picked out' — implies these were an elite, selected group"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμήλικες","lemma":"ὁμῆλιξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"of one age"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέξαιτο","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b24-l108","source":"κρινάμενος λέξαιτο κατὰ πτόλιν ἄνδρας ἀρίστους.","translation":"could one pick out and gather the best men in a city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρινάμενος","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λέξαιτο","gloss":"choosing out"},{"surface":"λέξαιτο","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could gather","note":"optative with κεν: potential/counterfactual 'one could hardly pick out'"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κατὰ","gloss":"a city"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κρινάμενος","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b24-l109","source":"ἦ ὔμμʼ ἐν νήεσσι Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσεν,","translation":"Was it on shipboard that Poseidon overcame you,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"was it that"},{"surface":"ὔμμ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐδάμασσεν","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"overcame"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b24-l110","source":"ὄρσας ἀργαλέους ἀνέμους καὶ κύματα μακρά;","translation":"raising harsh winds and long waves?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρσας","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδάμασσεν","gloss":"raising","note":"ὄρνυμι participle, agrees with Poseidon — 'stirring up' storms as his characteristic action"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέους","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμους","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἀνέμους","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"μακρά","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"long"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b24-l111","source":"ἦ που ἀνάρσιοι ἄνδρες ἐδηλήσαντʼ ἐπὶ χέρσου","translation":"Or did hostile men do you harm on dry land","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἀνάρσιοι","lemma":"ἀνάρσιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδηλήσαντ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐδηλήσαντ","lemma":"δηλέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you harm"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"χέρσου","lemma":"χέρσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"dry land"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b24-l112","source":"βοῦς περιταμνομένους ἠδʼ οἰῶν πώεα καλά,","translation":"as you cut out their cattle and fine flocks of sheep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"cattle"},{"surface":"περιταμνομένους","lemma":"περιτέμνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"cutting off","note":"middle participle: raiders cutting out cattle from a herd, a common epic raid-scene"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰῶν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πώεα","gloss":"of sheep"},{"surface":"πώεα","lemma":"πῶυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πώεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b24-l113","source":"ἠὲ περὶ πτόλιος μαχεούμενοι ἠδὲ γυναικῶν;","translation":"or while fighting for their city and their women?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for, around"},{"surface":"πτόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"city","note":"epic form πτόλιος (with π-) beside πόλεως, common metrical variant of πόλις."},{"surface":"μαχεούμενοι","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b24-l114","source":"εἰπέ μοι εἰρομένῳ· ξεῖνος δέ τοι εὔχομαι εἶναι.","translation":"Tell me, since I ask; I claim to be your guest-friend.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἰρομένῳ","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"asking","note":"ἐρομένῳ agrees with an implied 'me' (dative), 'since I ask' — a circumstantial dative participle."},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest-friend","note":"ξεῖνος names the bond of ritualized guest-friendship (xenia), central to Odyssey ethics."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I claim"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b24-l115","source":"ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε κεῖσε κατήλυθον ὑμέτερον δῶ,","translation":"Do you not remember when I came down there to your house,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέμνῃ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you remember","note":"perfect μέμνῃ with present force: 'you are in a state of remembering.'"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεῖσε","lemma":"κεῖσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατήλυθον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κατήλυθον","lemma":"κατέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ὅτε","gloss":"I came down"},{"surface":"ὑμέτερον","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατήλυθον","gloss":"house","note":"δῶ is a shortened, indeclinable epic form of δῶμα, common line-end word."}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b24-l116","source":"ὀτρυνέων Ὀδυσῆα σὺν ἀντιθέῳ Μενελάῳ","translation":"to urge Odysseus, along with godlike Menelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀτρυνέων","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατήλυθον","gloss":"to urge on","note":"future participle expressing purpose: 'in order to urge/rouse.'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀτρυνέων","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέῳ","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάῳ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b24-l117","source":"Ἴλιον εἰς ἅμʼ ἕπεσθαι ἐϋσσέλμων ἐπὶ νηῶν;","translation":"to follow us to Ilion on the well-benched ships?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"to Ilion"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, into"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπεσθαι","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕπεσθαι","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρυνέων","gloss":"to follow"},{"surface":"ἐϋσσέλμων","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"well-benched","note":"stock Homeric epithet for ships, formulaic filler at line end."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b24-l118","source":"μηνὶ δʼ ἄρʼ οὔλῳ πάντα περήσαμεν εὐρέα πόντον,","translation":"A whole month it took us to cross the wide sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηνὶ","lemma":"μείς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περήσαμεν","gloss":"month"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οὔλῳ","lemma":"οὖλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μηνὶ","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"all, the whole"},{"surface":"περήσαμεν","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we crossed"},{"surface":"εὐρέα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περήσαμεν","gloss":"sea","note":"εὐρέα πόντον, a common formulaic accusative pairing for the open sea."}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b24-l119","source":"σπουδῇ παρπεπιθόντες Ὀδυσσῆα πτολίπορθον.","translation":"with hard effort persuading Odysseus, sacker of cities.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l119.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πτολίπορθον","title":"Sacker-of-cities epithet","body":"A standing epithet (πτολίπορθος) for Odysseus, literally 'city-destroying.' Homeric epithets are fixed formulas that help the oral poet fill the metrical line."}],"words":[{"surface":"σπουδῇ","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρπεπιθόντες","gloss":"with effort"},{"surface":"παρπεπιθόντες","lemma":"παραπείθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to περήσαμεν","gloss":"persuading","note":"παρπεπιθόντες, syncopated epic aorist participle of παραπείθω, 'having won over.'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρπεπιθόντες","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πτολίπορθον","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆα","gloss":"sacker of cities","note":"πτολίπορθος, a heroic epithet fixed to Odysseus, 'city-sacker.'"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b24-l120","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε ψυχὴ προσεφώνεεν Ἀμφιμέδοντος·","translation":"Then the ghost of Amphimedon answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"ghost","note":"ψυχή here means the shade/spirit of the dead in Hades, not 'soul' in the abstract sense."},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιμέδοντος","lemma":"Ἀμφιμέδων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴ","gloss":"of Amphimedon"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b24-l121","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε, ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον,","translation":"\"Most glorious son of Atreus, Agamemnon, lord of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδη","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"κύδιστε","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδη","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγάμεμνον","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγάμεμνον","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b24-l122","source":"μέμνημαι τάδε πάντα, διοτρεφές, ὡς ἀγορεύεις·","translation":"I remember all of this, Zeus-nurtured one, as you say it;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέμνημαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I remember"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μέμνημαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάδε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"διοτρεφές","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured","note":"διοτρεφές, a vocative epithet honoring kings/heroes as 'fostered by Zeus.'"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μέμνημαι","gloss":"you say"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b24-l123","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ εὖ μάλα πάντα καὶ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω,","translation":"and I will recount it all to you well and exactly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταλέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"exactly"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will recount"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b24-l124","source":"ἡμετέρου θανάτοιο κακὸν τέλος, οἷον ἐτύχθη.","translation":"the evil end of our death, how it came to pass.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέρου","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"it came to pass","note":"aorist passive of τεύχω, 'was brought about/happened,' common formula for fate's working."}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b24-l125","source":"μνώμεθʼ Ὀδυσσῆος δὴν οἰχομένοιο δάμαρτα·","translation":"We were courting the wife of long-departed Odysseus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l125.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οἰχομένοιο","title":"Genitive of the absent man","body":"δὴν οἰχομένοιο is a genitive participle modifying Odysseus, 'long gone away.' The genitive marks possession of the wife (δάμαρτα) being courted."}],"words":[{"surface":"μνώμεθ","lemma":"μνάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we were courting","note":"μνάομαι here means 'to woo/court' (of the suitors), distinct from μιμνήσκω 'remember.'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δάμαρτα","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰχομένοιο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"οἰχομένοιο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"being gone"},{"surface":"δάμαρτα","lemma":"δάμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μνώμεθ᾽","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b24-l126","source":"ἡ δʼ οὔτʼ ἠρνεῖτο στυγερὸν γάμον οὔτʼ ἐτελεύτα,","translation":"and she neither refused the hateful marriage nor brought it about,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠρνεῖτο","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"στυγερὸν","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γάμον","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"ἐτελεύτα","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought about","note":"οὔτ᾽...οὔτ᾽ balances refusal and completion — Penelope neither rejects nor fulfills the marriage."}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b24-l127","source":"ἡμῖν φραζομένη θάνατον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν,","translation":"plotting for us death and black doom,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φραζομένη","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"φραζομένη","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"plotting"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black","note":"κῆρα μέλαιναν, a fixed Homeric formula pairing 'doom' with 'black.'"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b24-l128","source":"ἀλλὰ δόλον τόνδʼ ἄλλον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μερμήριξε·","translation":"but this other trick she devised in her heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δόλον","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μερμήριξε","gloss":"trick"},{"surface":"τόνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δόλον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλον","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart","note":"φρεσί, literally 'in the midriff/heart,' the Homeric seat of thought and planning."},{"surface":"μερμήριξε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b24-l129","source":"στησαμένη μέγαν ἱστὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὕφαινε,","translation":"she set up a great loom in the halls and began to weave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στησαμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὕφαινε","gloss":"having set up"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στησαμένη","gloss":"loom"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὕφαινε","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wove"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b24-l130","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ περίμετρον· ἄφαρ δʼ ἡμῖν μετέειπε·","translation":"a fine and oversized web; and at once she said to us:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεπτὸν","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περίμετρον","lemma":"περίμετρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"oversized"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετέειπε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b24-l131","source":"κοῦροι ἐμοὶ μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ θάνε δῖος\n                        Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"'Young men, my suitors, since godlike Odysseus is dead,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"θάνε","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θάνε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b24-l132","source":"μίμνετʼ ἐπειγόμενοι τὸν ἐμὸν γάμον, εἰς ὅ κε φᾶρος","translation":"hold back, eager though you are for my marriage, until I finish","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίμνετ","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wait, hold back"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενοι","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μίμνετ᾽","gloss":"pressing, urging","note":"ἐπειγόμενοι describes the suitors' eagerness for the marriage even as Penelope tells them to wait."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γάμον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γάμον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"γάμον","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπειγόμενοι","gloss":"marriage"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"robe, shroud"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b24-l133","source":"ἐκτελέσω, μή μοι μεταμώνια νήματʼ ὄληται,","translation":"this robe—so my spun thread may not be wasted in vain—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκτελέσω","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to μίμνετ᾽","gloss":"I finish","note":"ἐκτελέσω, aorist subjunctive with κε(ν)/εἰς ὅ, marking an indefinite future condition: 'until I finish.'"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὄληται","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μεταμώνια","lemma":"μεταμώνιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"vainly, in vain"},{"surface":"νήματ","lemma":"νῆμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ὄληται","gloss":"threads"},{"surface":"ὄληται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"be lost"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b24-l134","source":"Λαέρτῃ ἥρωϊ ταφήϊον, εἰς ὅτε κέν μιν","translation":"a burial shroud for the hero Laertes, against the time when","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαέρτῃ","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ταφήϊον","gloss":"for Laertes"},{"surface":"ἥρωϊ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαέρτῃ","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"ταφήϊον","lemma":"ταφήιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"burial shroud"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καθέλῃσι","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b24-l135","source":"μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο,","translation":"the ruinous fate of death that lays men low takes him down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καθέλῃσι","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ὀλοὴ","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"deadly","note":"μοῖρ᾽ ὀλοή, a Homeric formula for personified, destructive Fate/Death."},{"surface":"καθέλῃσι","lemma":"καθαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτε","gloss":"lays low"},{"surface":"τανηλεγέος","lemma":"τανηλεγής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"outstretching","note":"τανηλεγέος, a rare, striking epithet for death, roughly 'that stretches men out (in grief/prostration).'"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"of death"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b24-l136","source":"μή τίς μοι κατὰ δῆμον Ἀχαιϊάδων νεμεσήσῃ,","translation":"lest some Achaean woman through the land reproach me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of νεμεσήσῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of νεμεσήσῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through, throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κατὰ","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιϊάδων","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"Achaean women","note":"Ἀχαιϊάδων, feminine ethnic patronymic, 'women of the Achaeans' — Penelope fears women's censure."},{"surface":"νεμεσήσῃ","lemma":"νεμεσάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"reproach"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b24-l137","source":"αἴ κεν ἄτερ σπείρου κεῖται πολλὰ κτεατίσσας.","translation":"if he should lie without a shroud, who had won so much.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἄτερ","lemma":"ἄτερ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"σπείρου","lemma":"σπεῖρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄτερ","gloss":"shroud"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of κτεατίσσας","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κτεατίσσας","lemma":"κτεατίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having won","note":"κτεατίσσας, 'having acquired/won (wealth),' picking up the irony that a rich man might lie unburied."}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b24-l138","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπεπείθετο θυμὸς\n                     ἀγήνωρ.","translation":"So she spoke, and our proud hearts were persuaded.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἐπεπείθετο","lemma":"ἐπιπείθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was persuaded"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεπείθετο","gloss":"heart, spirit"},{"surface":"ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"proud, manly","note":"ἀγήνωρ modifies θυμός: the suitors' 'proud heart,' ironically won over by a ruse."}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b24-l139","source":"ἔνθα καὶ ἠματίη μὲν ὑφαίνεσκεν μέγαν ἱστόν,","translation":"So by day she would weave at the great web,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l139.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑφαίνεσκεν","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"ὑφαίνεσκεν has the -σκ- suffix marking repeated, habitual past action: 'she used to weave.' The next line's ἀλλύεσκεν ('she would unravel') matches it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"there, then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also, indeed"},{"surface":"ἠματίη","lemma":"ἠμάτιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"by day","note":"ἠματίη, adjective used adverbially, 'in the daytime,' paired with νύκτας 'by night' in the next line — the famous day/night contrast of Penelope's ruse."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ὑφαίνεσκεν","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would weave","note":"iterative imperfect -σκ- suffix marks habitual, repeated action: 'used to weave.'"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστόν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἱστόν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑφαίνεσκεν","gloss":"web, loom-work"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b24-l140","source":"νύκτας δʼ ἀλλύεσκεν, ἐπεὶ δαΐδας παραθεῖτο.","translation":"but by night she would unravel it, once she set torches beside her.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀλλύεσκεν","gloss":"by night"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀλλύεσκεν","lemma":"ἀναλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would unravel","note":"iterative imperfect ἀλλύεσκεν, the famous nightly undoing of the shroud in Penelope's web-trick."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when, since"},{"surface":"δαΐδας","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παραθεῖτο","gloss":"torches"},{"surface":"παραθεῖτο","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had set beside her"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b24-l141","source":"ὣς τρίετες μὲν ἔληθε δόλῳ καὶ ἔπειθεν Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"So for three years she fooled the Achaeans by her trick and convinced them;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"τρίετες","lemma":"τριέτης","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"for three years","note":"acc. of extent of time, adverbial with an adjective (not a noun)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἔληθε","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice of","note":"λανθάνω + acc.: 'she went unnoticed by' — idiom for successful deception"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"by a trick"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειθεν","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept persuading"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b24-l142","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε τέτρατον ἦλθεν ἔτος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι,","translation":"but when the fourth year came and the seasons came round,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τέτρατον","lemma":"τέτρατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτος","gloss":"fourth","note":"ordinal adjective modifying ἔτος; agrees neuter though listed nominative singular"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἔτος","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"the year"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπήλυθον","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"came round"},{"surface":"ὧραι","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπήλυθον","gloss":"the seasons"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b24-l143","source":"μηνῶν φθινόντων, περὶ δʼ ἤματα πόλλʼ ἐτελέσθη,","translation":"as the months waned and many days were fulfilled,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηνῶν","lemma":"μείς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φθινόντων","gloss":"of the months"},{"surface":"φθινόντων","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπήλυθον","gloss":"waning","note":"genitive absolute: 'as the months waned'"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"round, in due course","note":"περί used adverbially after its noun ('tmesis'-like emphatic use) rather than as a normal preposition"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐτελέσθη","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐτελέσθη","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"were completed"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b24-l144","source":"καὶ τότε δή τις ἔειπε γυναικῶν, ἣ σάφα ᾔδη,","translation":"then one of the women, who knew it clearly, told us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and, indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔειπε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told, said","note":"epic aorist εἶπον used with augment ἔ-ειπε"},{"surface":"γυναικῶν","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the women","note":"partitive genitive with τις: 'someone of the women'"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔδη","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾔδη","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"knew","note":"pluperfect οἶδα used as a simple past 'knew' — Greek perfect/pluperfect of this verb is stative"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b24-l145","source":"καὶ τήν γʼ ἀλλύουσαν ἐφεύρομεν ἀγλαὸν ἱστόν.","translation":"and we caught her unraveling the shining web.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφεύρομεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀλλύουσαν","lemma":"ἀναλύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unraveling","note":"epic form ἀλλύουσαν for ἀναλύουσαν, with syllable dropped"},{"surface":"ἐφεύρομεν","lemma":"ἐφευρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we caught"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστόν","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"ἱστόν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλλύουσαν","gloss":"the web"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b24-l146","source":"ὣς τὸ μὲν ἐξετέλεσσε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλουσʼ, ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης.","translation":"So she finished it, against her will, under compulsion.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξετέλεσσε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐξετέλεσσε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐξετέλεσσε","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐξετέλεσσε","gloss":"willing","note":"concessive participle: 'even though not willing'"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκης","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"compulsion"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b24-l147","source":"εὖθʼ ἡ φᾶρος ἔδειξεν, ὑφήνασα μέγαν ἱστόν,","translation":"When she showed the robe, having woven the great web","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖθ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔδειξεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδειξεν","gloss":"the robe"},{"surface":"ἔδειξεν","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εὖθ᾽","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"ὑφήνασα","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having woven"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστόν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἱστόν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑφήνασα","gloss":"web","note":"ἱστός 'loom-work/web' — the recurring image of Penelope's weaving trick"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b24-l148","source":"πλύνασʼ, ἠελίῳ ἐναλίγκιον ἠὲ σελήνῃ,","translation":"and washed it, gleaming like the sun or the moon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλύνασ","lemma":"πλύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"washing"},{"surface":"ἠελίῳ","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιον","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱστόν","gloss":"like","note":"formulaic simile: bright cloth compared to sun or moon"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σελήνῃ","lemma":"σελήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"the moon"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b24-l149","source":"καὶ τότε δή ῥʼ Ὀδυσῆα κακός ποθεν ἤγαγε δαίμων","translation":"just then some evil power brought Odysseus from somewhere","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l149.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαίμων","title":"daimon","body":"δαίμων here is a vague divine force, not a named god. Amphimedon, ignorant of Athena's plan, calls the agent that returned Odysseus 'an evil power' from his own ruined point of view."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and, indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, so"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"κακός","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δαίμων","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ποθεν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"from somewhere"},{"surface":"ἤγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought","note":"aorist of ἄγω, 'led/brought' — subject is the personified δαίμων"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγε","gloss":"a power, spirit"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b24-l150","source":"ἀγροῦ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιήν, ὅθι δώματα ναῖε συβώτης.","translation":"to the edge of the farm, where the swineherd had his dwelling.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγροῦ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐσχατιήν","gloss":"of the farm"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἐσχατιήν","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the edge"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναῖε","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναῖε","gloss":"the dwelling"},{"surface":"ναῖε","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐσχατιήν","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ναῖε","gloss":"the swineherd"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b24-l151","source":"ἔνθʼ ἦλθεν φίλος υἱὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο,","translation":"There came the dear son of godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"stock epithet θεῖος for Odysseus, marking epic formula language"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b24-l152","source":"ἐκ Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος ἰὼν σὺν νηῒ μελαίνῃ·","translation":"returning from sandy Pylos in his black ship;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Πύλου","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἠμαθόεντος","lemma":"ἠμαθόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλου","gloss":"sandy","note":"formulaic epithet 'sandy Pylos', a fixed Homeric phrase"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηῒ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῒ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b24-l153","source":"τὼ δὲ μνηστῆρσιν θάνατον κακὸν ἀρτύναντε","translation":"and the two of them, having contrived an evil death for the suitors,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l153.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀρτύναντε","title":"Dual participle","body":"ἀρτύναντε is a dual form: it refers to exactly two people, Odysseus and Telemachus together. Homeric Greek keeps the dual for natural pairs."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκοντο","gloss":"the two of them","note":"dual number τὼ — marks Odysseus and Telemachus acting as a pair"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρσιν","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρτύναντε","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρτύναντε","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἀρτύναντε","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"having contrived","note":"dual participle ἀρτύναντε agrees with dual subject τὼ"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b24-l154","source":"ἵκοντο προτὶ ἄστυ περικλυτόν, ἦ τοι Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"came to the famous town—Odysseus, in fact,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came, arrived"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to","note":"epic form προτί for πρός"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"the town"},{"surface":"περικλυτόν","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b24-l155","source":"ὕστερος, αὐτὰρ Τηλέμαχος πρόσθʼ ἡγεμόνευε.","translation":"later, while Telemachus led the way before him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕστερος","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πρόσθ","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"in front"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b24-l156","source":"τὸν δὲ συβώτης ἦγε κακὰ χροῒ εἵματʼ ἔχοντα,","translation":"The swineherd brought him wearing wretched clothes on his body,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦγε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συβώτης","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦγε","gloss":"the swineherd"},{"surface":"ἦγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought, led"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματ᾽","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"on his body"},{"surface":"εἵματ","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having, wearing"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b24-l157","source":"πτωχῷ λευγαλέῳ ἐναλίγκιον ἠδὲ γέροντι","translation":"looking like a pitiful beggar and an old man","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πτωχῷ","lemma":"πτωχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐναλίγκιον","gloss":"a beggar"},{"surface":"λευγαλέῳ","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"pitiful"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιον","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like","note":"disguise motif: Odysseus made to resemble a beggar, echoing his return-in-disguise theme"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέροντι","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"an old man"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b24-l158","source":"σκηπτόμενον· τὰ δὲ λυγρὰ περὶ χροῒ εἵματα ἕστο·","translation":"leaning on a staff; and the sorry rags clothed his body.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτόμενον","lemma":"σκήπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"leaning on a staff"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λυγρὰ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"sorry, wretched"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"his body"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἕστο","gloss":"rags, clothes"},{"surface":"ἕστο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was clad in","note":"pluperfect passive ἕστο (from ἕννυμι) with stative sense 'was wearing'"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b24-l159","source":"οὐδέ τις ἡμείων δύνατο γνῶναι τὸν ἐόντα","translation":"None of us was able to recognize who he was","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἡμείων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of us"},{"surface":"δύνατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able"},{"surface":"γνῶναι","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατο","gloss":"to recognize"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γνῶναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as who he was","note":"participle ἐόντα (εἰμί) as indirect-statement complement: 'recognize him being [who he was]'"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b24-l160","source":"ἐξαπίνης προφανέντʼ, οὐδʼ οἳ προγενέστεροι ἦσαν,","translation":"when he suddenly appeared, not even the older ones among us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαπίνης","lemma":"ἐξαπίνης","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προφανέντ᾽","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"προφανέντ","lemma":"προφαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"having appeared"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"who were"},{"surface":"προγενέστεροι","lemma":"προγενής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"older"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b24-l161","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔπεσίν τε κακοῖσιν ἐνίσσομεν ἠδὲ βολῇσιν.","translation":"but we kept assailing him with foul words and with blows.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπεσίν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακοῖσιν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεσίν","gloss":"foul"},{"surface":"ἐνίσσομεν","lemma":"ἐνίσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we assailed","note":"rare Homeric verb ἐνίσσω, 'rebuke/strike with words'"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βολῇσιν","lemma":"βολή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"with blows"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b24-l162","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ τῆος ἐτόλμα ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἑοῖσι","translation":"Yet for a time he endured it in his own halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l162.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τετληότι","title":"much-enduring","body":"The verb τλάω ('endure, bear up') is bound to Odysseus throughout the poem (πολύτλας, 'much-enduring'). Here his restraint under abuse is exactly that defining patience."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτόλμα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τῆος","lemma":"τέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτόλμα","gloss":"for a while","note":"epic adverb τῆος (=τέως), 'for a time/meanwhile'"},{"surface":"ἐτόλμα","lemma":"τολμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"endured"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἑοῖσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισιν","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b24-l163","source":"βαλλόμενος καὶ ἐνισσόμενος τετληότι θυμῷ·","translation":"being struck and reviled, with an enduring heart;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βαλλόμενος","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"being struck"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνισσόμενος","lemma":"ἐνίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"being reviled"},{"surface":"τετληότι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"enduring","note":"perfect participle τετληότι ('having endured') from τλάω, root of Odysseus' epithet πολύτλας"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτόλμα","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b24-l164","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή μιν ἔγειρε Διὸς νοός αἰγιόχοιο,","translation":"but when the will of aegis-bearing Zeus roused him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l164.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἰγιόχοιο","title":"aegis-bearing Zeus","body":"αἰγίοχος ('aegis-holding') is a fixed epithet of Zeus. The aegis is his terrifying storm-shield. Epithets like this are formulaic building blocks of the hexameter line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔγειρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔγειρε","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νοός","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νοός","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔγειρε","gloss":"the mind, will"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"stock epithet of Zeus, αἰγίοχος 'holding the aegis'"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b24-l165","source":"σὺν μὲν Τηλεμάχῳ περικαλλέα τεύχεʼ ἀείρας","translation":"together with Telemachus he took up the splendid armor","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχε᾽","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀείρας","gloss":"the armor"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκε","gloss":"having lifted, taken up"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b24-l166","source":"ἐς θάλαμον κατέθηκε καὶ ἐκλήϊσεν ὀχῆας,","translation":"and laid it away in the storeroom and shot home the bolts;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"θάλαμον","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the storeroom"},{"surface":"κατέθηκε","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put away, stored"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκλήϊσεν","lemma":"κλείω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bolted, locked"},{"surface":"ὀχῆας","lemma":"ὀχεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκλήϊσεν","gloss":"the bolts"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b24-l167","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ ἣν ἄλοχον πολυκερδείῃσιν ἄνωγε","translation":"then in his great cunning he bade his wife","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄνωγε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θέμεν","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"πολυκερδείῃσιν","lemma":"πολυκέρδεια","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄνωγε","gloss":"with great cunning","note":"dative of manner: 'in his shrewd craftiness'"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade, commanded"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b24-l168","source":"τόξον μνηστήρεσσι θέμεν πολιόν τε σίδηρον,","translation":"set out for the suitors the bow and the gray iron,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"μνηστήρεσσι","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θέμεν","gloss":"for the suitors"},{"surface":"θέμεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"to set out"},{"surface":"πολιόν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίδηρον","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σίδηρον","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"iron","note":"the axe-heads/iron used for the bow-and-axes contest that decides Odysseus' recognition"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b24-l169","source":"ἡμῖν αἰνομόροισιν ἀέθλια καὶ φόνου ἀρχήν.","translation":"as a contest for us, ill-fated men, and the beginning of slaughter.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l169.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰνομόροισιν","title":"ill-fated","body":"αἰνόμορος, 'doomed to a dreadful fate,' is how Amphimedon brands himself and his fellow suitors—a grim hindsight epithet for men who walked into the contest of the bow."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀέθλια","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"αἰνομόροισιν","lemma":"αἰνόμορος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμῖν","gloss":"ill-fated","note":"Epic compound epithet αἰνο- 'dire' + μόρος 'fate' — the suitors' bitter self-description."},{"surface":"ἀέθλια","lemma":"ἀέθλιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a contest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φόνου","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχήν","gloss":"of slaughter"},{"surface":"ἀρχήν","lemma":"ἀρχή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"beginning","note":"ἀρχή here = 'starting point' — the bow contest literally launched the killing."}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b24-l170","source":"οὐδέ τις ἡμείων δύνατο κρατεροῖο βιοῖο","translation":"And none of us was able, from the mighty bow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύνατο","gloss":"none"},{"surface":"ἡμείων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of us"},{"surface":"δύνατο","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was able","note":"δύνατο is imperfect middle 'kept being unable' — an ongoing failed attempt, not one try."},{"surface":"κρατεροῖο","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βιοῖο","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"βιοῖο","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νευρὴν","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b24-l171","source":"νευρὴν ἐντανύσαι, πολλὸν δʼ ἐπιδευέες ἦμεν.","translation":"to string the bowstring; we fell far short of it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νευρὴν","lemma":"νευρά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐντανύσαι","gloss":"the bowstring"},{"surface":"ἐντανύσαι","lemma":"ἐντανύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνατο","gloss":"to string","note":"Aorist infinitive ἐντανύσαι names the single decisive act the suitors couldn't manage."},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπιδευέες","lemma":"ἐπιδευής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"falling short"},{"surface":"ἦμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we were"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b24-l172","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε χεῖρας ἵκανεν Ὀδυσσῆος μέγα τόξον,","translation":"But when the great bow came to the hands of Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκανεν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"came","note":"ἵκανεν 'reached' — the great bow arriving at Odysseus's hands is the turning point of the whole book."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκανεν","gloss":"bow"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b24-l173","source":"ἔνθʼ ἡμεῖς μὲν πάντες ὁμοκλέομεν ἐπέεσσι","translation":"then all of us together shouted out in protest","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμοκλέομεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὁμοκλέομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμεῖς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὁμοκλέομεν","lemma":"ὁμοκλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted in protest","note":"ὁμοκλέω is the verb for a collective battle-cry/rebuke — used here of the suitors' jeering objection."},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμοκλέομεν","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b24-l174","source":"τόξον μὴ δόμεναι, μηδʼ εἰ μάλα πολλʼ ἀγορεύοι·","translation":"that the bow not be given him, no matter how much he argued;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὁμοκλέομεν","gloss":"be given","note":"Epic infinitive δόμεναι (for δοῦναι) used as an indirect command after the shout of protest."},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"πολλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύοι","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύοι","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"he might argue"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b24-l175","source":"Τηλέμαχος δέ μιν οἶος ἐποτρύνων ἐκέλευσεν.","translation":"but Telemachus alone urged him on and commanded it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"οἶος 'alone' stresses Telemachus defying all the suitors by himself."},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνων","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"urging on"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b24-l176","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ δέξατο χειρὶ πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"Then he took it in his hand, much-enduring godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l176.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"much-enduring godlike Odysseus","body":"This whole noun-epithet phrase is a recurring formula filling the line's end. 'much-enduring' (πολύτλας) is Odysseus' signature epithet across the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took","note":"Middle voice δέξατο — Odysseus receiving the bow into his own hand, an act done for himself."},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δέξατο","gloss":"in his hand"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"Fixed Homeric epithet for Odysseus, marking this as his heroic reveal moment."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b24-l177","source":"ῥηϊδίως δʼ ἐτάνυσσε βιόν, διὰ δʼ ἧκε σιδήρου,","translation":"and easily strung the bow and sent the arrow through the iron;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηϊδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"easily","note":"Contrasts pointedly with the suitors' straining failure just described — Odysseus does it effortlessly."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτάνυσσε","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strung"},{"surface":"βιόν","lemma":"βιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτάνυσσε","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent","note":"ἧκε 'let fly' — the arrow shooting clean through the axe-heads' iron sockets."},{"surface":"σιδήρου","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"the iron"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b24-l178","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰών, ταχέας δʼ ἐκχεύατʼ ὀϊστοὺς","translation":"then he stepped onto the threshold and poured out the swift arrows,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped","note":"ἵστημι aorist 'took his stand' — Odysseus positioning himself on the threshold before the killing begins."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the threshold"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ταχέας","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀϊστοὺς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκχεύατ","lemma":"ἐκχέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured out","note":"Vivid image of arrows spilled at his feet, ready to hand for rapid shooting."},{"surface":"ὀϊστοὺς","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκχεύατ᾽","gloss":"arrows"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b24-l179","source":"δεινὸν παπταίνων, βάλε δʼ Ἀντίνοον βασιλῆα.","translation":"glaring terribly, and struck Antinous the king.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παπταίνων","gloss":"terribly","note":"Adverbial neuter accusative δεινόν 'terribly' modifying the glare — a common Homeric idiom."},{"surface":"παπταίνων","lemma":"παπταίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκχεύατ᾽","gloss":"glaring"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀντίνοον","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"Antinous"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀντίνοον","gloss":"the king","note":"Ironic title 'king' for the suitor-leader Antinous, first to fall."}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b24-l180","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἄλλοις ἐφίει βέλεα στονόεντα,","translation":"Then he let fly his grievous shafts at the others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφίει","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐφίει","gloss":"at the others"},{"surface":"ἐφίει","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fly"},{"surface":"βέλεα","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφίει","gloss":"shafts"},{"surface":"στονόεντα","lemma":"στονόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βέλεα","gloss":"grievous","note":"στονόεντα 'groan-causing' — an epithet linking the arrows directly to the cries of the dying."}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b24-l181","source":"ἄντα τιτυσκόμενος· τοὶ δʼ ἀγχιστῖνοι ἔπιπτον.","translation":"taking aim straight ahead; and they fell thick upon one another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄντα","lemma":"ἄντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τιτυσκόμενος","gloss":"straight at them"},{"surface":"τιτυσκόμενος","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφίει","gloss":"taking aim"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπιπτον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχιστῖνοι","lemma":"ἀγχιστῖνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick, one on another","note":"ἀγχιστῖνοι, a rare Homeric adverb-like adjective picturing bodies falling in heaps."},{"surface":"ἔπιπτον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were falling"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b24-l182","source":"γνωτὸν δʼ ἦν ὅ ῥά τίς σφι θεῶν ἐπιτάρροθος ἦεν·","translation":"It was plain that some one of the gods was his helper;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γνωτὸν","lemma":"γνωτός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"plain","note":"γνωτόν 'known/evident' — predicate adjective opening the clause, 'it was clear that...'."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"some one"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐπιτάρροθος","lemma":"ἐπιτάρροθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"helper","note":"ἐπιτάρροθος — divine 'backer' in battle, implying Athena's unseen aid to Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ὅ","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b24-l183","source":"αὐτίκα γὰρ κατὰ δώματʼ ἐπισπόμενοι μένεϊ σφῷ","translation":"for at once, ranging through the halls in their fury,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτεῖνον","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἐπισπόμενοι","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κτεῖνον","gloss":"ranging","note":"ἐφέπω 'pressing on/following through' — the suitors' killers sweeping the hall in a rampage."},{"surface":"μένεϊ","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπισπόμενοι","gloss":"in fury"},{"surface":"σφῷ","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένεϊ","gloss":"their own"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b24-l184","source":"κτεῖνον ἐπιστροφάδην, τῶν δὲ στόνος ὤρνυτʼ ἀεικὴς","translation":"they kept killing right and left, and an unseemly groaning rose","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτεῖνον","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept killing"},{"surface":"ἐπιστροφάδην","lemma":"ἐπιστροφάδην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κτεῖνον","gloss":"right and left","note":"ἐπιστροφάδην, a vivid Homeric adverb for indiscriminate slaughter turning every way."},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies στόνος","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στόνος","lemma":"στόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤρνυτ᾽","gloss":"a groaning"},{"surface":"ὤρνυτ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"ἀεικὴς","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies στόνος","gloss":"unseemly"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b24-l185","source":"κράτων τυπτομένων, δάπεδον δʼ ἅπαν αἵματι θῦεν.","translation":"from heads being struck, and the whole floor ran with blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l185.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θῦεν","title":"ran/seethed with blood","body":"θῦεν evokes a seething, surging flow. Homer makes the carnage vivid: the entire floor 'seethed' with blood, a concrete image of the massacre."}],"words":[{"surface":"κράτων","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τυπτομένων","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"τυπτομένων","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ὤρνυτ᾽","gloss":"being struck","note":"Genitive absolute-like phrase: 'from heads being struck' — grim sensory detail of the massacre."},{"surface":"δάπεδον","lemma":"δάπεδον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of θῦεν","gloss":"the floor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅπαν","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάπεδον","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θῦεν","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"θῦεν","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran","note":"θύω here 'seethe/run' (of liquid), not the more common 'sacrifice' sense."}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b24-l186","source":"ὣς ἡμεῖς, Ἀγάμεμνον, ἀπωλόμεθʼ, ὧν ἔτι καὶ νῦν","translation":"Thus we perished, Agamemnon, and even now still","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπωλόμεθ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπωλόμεθ᾽","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"Ἀγάμεμνον","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Agamemnon","note":"Vocative — the suitor's ghost addresses Agamemnon's ghost directly in the underworld."},{"surface":"ἀπωλόμεθ","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"ὧν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies σώματ᾽","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b24-l187","source":"σώματʼ ἀκηδέα κεῖται ἐνὶ μεγάροις Ὀδυσῆος·","translation":"our bodies lie uncared-for in the halls of Odysseus;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σώματ","lemma":"σῶμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"ἀκηδέα","lemma":"ἀκηδής","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"uncared-for","note":"ἀκηδέα stresses the shame of unburied corpses — a major theme of this whole underworld scene."},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἡμεῖς","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροις","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b24-l188","source":"οὐ γάρ πω ἴσασι φίλοι κατὰ δώμαθʼ ἑκάστου,","translation":"for our friends in each man's home do not yet know,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἴσασι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴσασι","gloss":"kinsfolk"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies κατὰ","gloss":"the homes"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"of each"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b24-l189","source":"οἵ κʼ ἀπονίψαντες μέλανα βρότον ἐξ ὠτειλέων","translation":"who would wash the black gore from our wounds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γοάοιεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"Modal particle κε/ἄν with optative γοάοιεν marks a wished-for, unrealized action — 'would wash... would mourn'."},{"surface":"ἀπονίψαντες","lemma":"ἀπονίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to γοάοιεν","gloss":"having washed"},{"surface":"μέλανα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βρότον","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"βρότον","lemma":"βρότος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπονίψαντες","gloss":"gore"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὠτειλέων","lemma":"ὠτειλή","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"wounds"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b24-l190","source":"κατθέμενοι γοάοιεν· ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.","translation":"and lay us out and mourn us; for that is the due of the dead.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κατθέμενοι","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to γοάοιεν","gloss":"laying out","note":"κατατίθημι participle — the ritual act of laying out a corpse for mourning, denied here."},{"surface":"γοάοιεν","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φίλοι","gloss":"would mourn"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the due","note":"γέρας 'privilege/honor-gift' — proper burial rites owed to the dead, a core Homeric value."},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θανόντων","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"of the dead"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b24-l191","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε ψυχὴ προσεφώνεεν Ἀτρεΐδαο·","translation":"Then the ghost of the son of Atreus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ψυχὴ","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"the ghost","note":"ψυχή — the disembodied shade of the dead speaking in Hades, distinct from a living person."},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδαο","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ψυχὴ","gloss":"of the son of Atreus"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b24-l192","source":"ὄλβιε Λαέρταο πάϊ, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ,","translation":"\"Fortunate son of Laertes, resourceful Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l192.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ","title":"Vocative address","body":"Ὀδυσσεῦ is vocative, the case of direct address, paired with the epithet πολυμήχανος ('of many devices'). Agamemnon's ghost addresses Amphimedon's shade and praises the living Odysseus through a rhetorical apostrophe — Odysseus is alive on Ithaca at this point, not present in Hades as a shade."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄλβιε","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊ","gloss":"fortunate","note":"Vocative ὄλβιε opens Agamemnon's famous envious praise of Odysseus's homecoming."},{"surface":"Λαέρταο","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊ","gloss":"of Laertes"},{"surface":"πάϊ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολυμήχανος, one of Odysseus's core epithets — 'of many devices,' his defining trait."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b24-l193","source":"ἦ ἄρα σὺν μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν.","translation":"truly with great excellence did you win your wife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"μεγάλῃ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετῇ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἀρετῇ","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies σὺν","gloss":"excellence"},{"surface":"ἐκτήσω","lemma":"κτάομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you won","note":"κτάομαι 'acquire, win' — Agamemnon frames Penelope as a prize earned by Odysseus's own worth."},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκτήσω","gloss":"a wife"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b24-l194","source":"ὡς ἀγαθαὶ φρένες ἦσαν ἀμύμονι Πηνελοπείῃ,","translation":"How good was the mind of blameless Penelope,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἀγαθαὶ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"was the mind","note":"φρένες, literally 'wits/heart,' Homer's word for Penelope's moral and intellectual character."},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονι","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελοπείῃ","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b24-l195","source":"κούρῃ Ἰκαρίου· ὡς εὖ μέμνητʼ Ὀδυσῆος,","translation":"daughter of Icarius—how well she remembered Odysseus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἰκαρίου","lemma":"Ἰκάριος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"of Icarius"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέμνητ᾽","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"μέμνητ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she remembered","note":"Pluperfect μέμνητ᾽ (had in mind) stresses Penelope's steady, unbroken fidelity over the years."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b24-l196","source":"ἀνδρὸς κουριδίου· τῷ οἱ κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται","translation":"her wedded husband. Therefore the fame of her excellence","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l196.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"kleos","body":"κλέος is undying glory carried by song—the reputation that outlives death. Penelope earns kleos through her fidelity, a striking honor for a woman in Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"her husband"},{"surface":"κουριδίου","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλεῖται","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀλεῖται","gloss":"fame","note":"κλέος — the epic's central concept of undying glory, here awarded to Penelope herself."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ὀλεῖται","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will perish"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b24-l197","source":"ἧς ἀρετῆς, τεύξουσι δʼ ἐπιχθονίοισιν ἀοιδὴν","translation":"will never perish, and the immortals will fashion for those on earth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετῆς","gloss":"her (own)"},{"surface":"ἀρετῆς","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"excellence/virtue","note":"ἀρετή = the fame-worthy 'excellence' epic poetry immortalizes; core Homeric value term."},{"surface":"τεύξουσι","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will fashion","note":"τεύχω 'craft/make' used of composing song — poetry as a made object, like armor."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιχθονίοισιν","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to τεύξουσι","gloss":"for those on earth"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὴν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τεύξουσι","gloss":"a song"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b24-l198","source":"ἀθάνατοι χαρίεσσαν ἐχέφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ,","translation":"a graceful song in honor of prudent Penelope—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τεύξουσι","gloss":"the immortals","note":"the gods themselves are credited as the true source of song, not the bard — a recurring epic idea."},{"surface":"χαρίεσσαν","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὴν","gloss":"graceful"},{"surface":"ἐχέφρονι","lemma":"ἐχέφρων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελοπείῃ","gloss":"prudent","note":"ἐχέφρων 'sound-minded' is Penelope's fixed epithet, contrasting her with Clytemnestra in this same speech."},{"surface":"Πηνελοπείῃ","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τεύξουσι","gloss":"for Penelope"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b24-l199","source":"οὐχ ὡς Τυνδαρέου κούρη κακὰ μήσατο ἔργα,","translation":"not as the daughter of Tyndareus devised wicked deeds,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μήσατο","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Τυνδαρέου","lemma":"Τυνδάρεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Tyndareus"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μήσατο","gloss":"the daughter","note":"'daughter of Tyndareus' is Clytemnestra, unnamed here — a pointed periphrasis avoiding her name."},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"μήσατο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised","note":"μήδομαι, root of 'Medea'-type words, implies calculated scheming, not impulsive act."},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μήσατο","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b24-l200","source":"κουρίδιον κτείνασα πόσιν, στυγερὴ δέ τʼ ἀοιδὴ","translation":"killing her wedded husband; and a hateful song","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κουρίδιον","lemma":"κουρίδιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσιν","gloss":"wedded"},{"surface":"κτείνασα","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μήσατο","gloss":"killing"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κτείνασα","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"στυγερὴ","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hateful","note":"στυγερός shares the root of Styx — 'shudder-inducing,' strong emotional coloring for the song about her."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὴ","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσετ᾽","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b24-l201","source":"ἔσσετʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, χαλεπὴν δέ τε φῆμιν ὀπάσσει","translation":"will arise among men, and she will bring harsh repute","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσσετ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be","note":"ἔσσετ(αι) from εἰμί — future 'will exist/arise,' bridging into next line's subject ἀοιδή."},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"χαλεπὴν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φῆμιν","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"φῆμιν","lemma":"φῆμις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀπάσσει","gloss":"repute"},{"surface":"ὀπάσσει","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will bring","note":"ὀπάζω 'attach/bestow' — the bad song is imagined as something clinging permanently to women's reputation."}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b24-l202","source":"θηλυτέρῃσι γυναιξί, καὶ ἥ κʼ εὐεργὸς ἔῃσιν.","translation":"upon womankind, even on her who is virtuous.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θηλυτέρῃσι","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναιξί","gloss":"womankind"},{"surface":"γυναιξί","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀπάσσει","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔῃσιν","gloss":"she who"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"εὐεργὸς","lemma":"εὐεργός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"virtuous","note":"εὐεργός 'good-working' — praises a woman by her deeds, echoing κακὰ ἔργα from Clytemnestra above."},{"surface":"ἔῃσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γυναιξί","gloss":"is/may be"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b24-l203","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,","translation":"Thus the two of them spoke such things to each other,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they (two)","note":"οἱ (dual) = the two shades still conversing in the underworld: Agamemnon and Amphimedon, the suitor whose ghost just told the tale."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were speaking"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b24-l204","source":"ἑσταότʼ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοις, ὑπὸ κεύθεσι γαίης·","translation":"standing in the house of Hades, beneath the hidden depths of earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσταότ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"standing","note":"perfect participle, nominative dual — 'having taken their stand,' matching the two ghosts of l203."},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμοις","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"δόμοις","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"κεύθεσι","lemma":"κεῦθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κεύθεσι","gloss":"of earth","note":"γαῖα here for the underworld beneath the earth, not the surface — scene shifts back to Ithaca next line."}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b24-l205","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ πόλιος κατέβαν, τάχα δʼ ἀγρὸν\n                  ἵκοντο","translation":"But the others, once they had come down from the city, quickly reached the farm,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκοντο","gloss":"they","note":"scene now cuts from the underworld back to Odysseus and companions on Ithaca."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"κατέβαν","lemma":"καταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοντο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγρὸν","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκοντο","gloss":"the farm"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b24-l206","source":"καλὸν Λαέρταο τετυγμένον, ὅν ῥά ποτʼ αὐτὸς","translation":"the fine, well-built farm of Laertes, which once he himself,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"Λαέρταο","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of Laertes"},{"surface":"τετυγμένον","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"well-built","note":"perfect passive participle of τεύχω, echoing τεύξουσι in l197 — the farm too is a crafted, lasting work."},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτεάτισσεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to κτεάτισσεν","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b24-l207","source":"Λαέρτης κτεάτισσεν, ἐπεὶ μάλα πόλλʼ ἐμόγησεν.","translation":"Laertes, had won, after he had labored hard for it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαέρτης","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτεάτισσεν","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"κτεάτισσεν","lemma":"κτεατίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"had acquired","note":"κτεατίζω 'won as κτέανα (property)' — stresses the farm as Laertes' hard-earned personal possession."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐμόγησεν","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἐμόγησεν","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"toiled"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b24-l208","source":"ἔνθα οἱ οἶκος ἔην, περὶ δὲ κλίσιον θέε πάντη,","translation":"There was his house, and a hut ran round it on every side,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἶκος","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"οἶκος","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλίσιον","lemma":"κλίσιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of θέε","gloss":"a shed"},{"surface":"θέε","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran","note":"θέω 'run' used vividly of a structure encircling the house — the shed 'runs' all around it."},{"surface":"πάντη","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέε","gloss":"on every side"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b24-l209","source":"ἐν τῷ σιτέσκοντο καὶ ἵζανον ἠδὲ ἴαυον","translation":"in which the slaves used to eat and sit and sleep,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σιτέσκοντο","lemma":"σιτέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"used to eat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵζανον","lemma":"ἱζάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴαυον","lemma":"ἰαύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠδὲ","gloss":"sleep","note":"three habitual imperfects in a row (σιτέσκοντο/ἵζανον/ἴαυον) paint the slaves' daily routine in the shed."}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b24-l210","source":"δμῶες ἀναγκαῖοι, τοί οἱ φίλα ἐργάζοντο.","translation":"the bondsmen of necessity, who did the work he wished.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμῶες","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"bondsmen"},{"surface":"ἀναγκαῖοι","lemma":"ἀναγκαῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δμῶες","gloss":"of necessity","note":"δμῶες ἀναγκαῖοι = slaves bound by need/compulsion, i.e. those required for the farm's constant labor."},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐργάζοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐργάζοντο","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φῖλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐργάζοντο","gloss":"pleasing things"},{"surface":"ἐργάζοντο","lemma":"ἐργάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δμῶες","gloss":"did"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b24-l211","source":"ἐν δὲ γυνὴ Σικελὴ γρηῢς πέλεν, ἥ ῥα γέροντα","translation":"And among them was a Sicilian woman, an old one, who tended the old man","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l211.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πέλεν","title":"Imperfect of 'to be'","body":"πέλεν is an imperfect ('there was, used to be'), a Homeric verb of being. The augment is absent, as often in epic verse, giving the bare stem πελ-."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among (them)"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέλεν","gloss":"a woman"},{"surface":"Σικελὴ","lemma":"Σικελός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυνὴ","gloss":"Sicilian","note":"a rare ethnic marker in Homer — signals the wide Mediterranean reach of the slave trade behind this household."},{"surface":"γρηῢς","lemma":"γραῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γυνὴ","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"πέλεν","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κομέεσκεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κομέεσκεν","gloss":"the old man"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b24-l212","source":"ἐνδυκέως κομέεσκεν ἐπʼ ἀγροῦ, νόσφι πόληος.","translation":"with care out on the farm, far from the city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κομέεσκεν","gloss":"attentively"},{"surface":"κομέεσκεν","lemma":"κομέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γυνὴ","gloss":"used to tend","note":"iterative -σκ- imperfect κομέεσκεν, epic marker for a repeated, habitual past action."},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀγροῦ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the farm"},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"πόληος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νόσφι","gloss":"the city"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b24-l213","source":"ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δμώεσσι καὶ υἱέϊ μῦθον ἔειπεν·","translation":"There Odysseus spoke a word to the slaves and his son:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l213.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δμώεσσι","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to the slaves"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱέϊ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to his son"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b24-l214","source":"ὑμεῖς μὲν νῦν ἔλθετʼ ἐϋκτίμενον δόμον εἴσω,","translation":"\"You go now inside the well-built house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l214.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔλθετʼ","title":"Aorist imperative","body":"ἔλθετε is a plural aorist imperative, 'go!'—a direct command to several people. Odysseus orders the household ahead while he tests his father."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλθετ᾽","gloss":"you (pl.)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθετ᾽","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔλθετ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go","note":"aorist imperative — a brisk, direct command opening Odysseus' instructions before the recognition scene."},{"surface":"ἐϋκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b24-l215","source":"δεῖπνον δʼ αἶψα συῶν ἱερεύσατε ὅς τις ἄριστος·","translation":"and quickly slaughter for dinner whichever pig is best;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a meal"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱερεύσατε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"συῶν","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"of pigs"},{"surface":"ἱερεύσατε","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacrifice/slaughter"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b24-l216","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ πατρὸς πειρήσομαι ἡμετέροιο,","translation":"but I will make trial of our father,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πειρήσομαι","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"πειρήσομαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will make trial of","note":"πειράω 'test' — Odysseus deliberately withholds recognition from Laertes to test him first, echoing the suitors' testing motif."},{"surface":"ἡμετέροιο","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"our"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b24-l217","source":"αἴ κέ μʼ ἐπιγνώῃ καὶ φράσσεται ὀφθαλμοῖσιν,","translation":"to see whether he will recognize me and know me with his eyes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐπιγνώῃ","lemma":"ἐπιγιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"will recognize"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φράσσεται","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"perceive"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φράσσεται","gloss":"with his eyes"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b24-l218","source":"ἦέ κεν ἀγνοιῇσι, πολὺν χρόνον ἀμφὶς ἐόντα.","translation":"or fail to know me, after I have been so long away.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἀγνοιῇσι","lemma":"ἀγνοέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦέ","gloss":"will fail to know","note":"ἀγνοέω 'not-know,' the negative pole of ἐπιγνώῃ above — sets up the recognition test as a real open question."},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b24-l219","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν δμώεσσιν ἀρήϊα τεύχεʼ ἔδωκεν.","translation":"So speaking, he gave the warlike armor to the slaves.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκεν","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"δμώεσσιν","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"to the slaves"},{"surface":"ἀρήϊα","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τεύχε᾽","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"gear","note":"τεῦχος 'gear/armor' — same root as τεύχω 'craft' in l197/206, the poem's recurring theme of things well-made."},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b24-l220","source":"οἱ μὲν ἔπειτα δόμονδε θοῶς κίον, αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"They then went swiftly homeward, while Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κίον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δόμονδε","lemma":"δόμονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κίον","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b24-l221","source":"ἆσσον ἴεν πολυκάρπου ἀλωῆς πειρητίζων.","translation":"drew nearer to the fruitful orchard, making trial of his father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"nearer"},{"surface":"ἴεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πολυκάρπου","lemma":"πολύκαρπος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωῆς","gloss":"fruitful"},{"surface":"ἀλωῆς","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἆσσον","gloss":"orchard"},{"surface":"πειρητίζων","lemma":"πειρητίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴεν","gloss":"making trial","note":"πειρητίζων picks up πειρήσομαι from l216 — Odysseus approaches specifically to test Laertes."}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b24-l222","source":"οὐδʼ εὗρεν Δολίον, μέγαν ὄρχατον ἐσκαταβαίνων,","translation":"He did not find Dolios as he went down into the great orchard,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"Δολίον","lemma":"Δόλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρεν","gloss":"Dolios","note":"Dolios is the old family servant/gardener, expected here but absent — sets up the coming scene with Laertes alone."},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄρχατον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὄρχατον","lemma":"ὄρχατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσκαταβαίνων","gloss":"orchard"},{"surface":"ἐσκαταβαίνων","lemma":"εἰσκαταβαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὗρεν","gloss":"going down into"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b24-l223","source":"οὐδέ τινα δμώων οὐδʼ υἱῶν· ἀλλʼ ἄρα τοί γε","translation":"nor any of the slaves nor of the sons; but they, as it happened,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l223.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δμώων","title":"Partitive genitive","body":"The genitive plurals here mark the group from which 'any' is drawn: none of the slaves, none of the sons. A common Homeric way of expressing 'any of X'."}],"words":[{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τινα","gloss":"of the slaves"},{"surface":"υἱῶν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of the sons"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾤχοντ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b24-l224","source":"αἱμασιὰς λέξοντες ἀλωῆς ἔμμεναι ἕρκος","translation":"had gone to gather stones for walls, to be a fence for the orchard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱμασιὰς","lemma":"αἱμασιά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of λέξοντες","gloss":"stone walls"},{"surface":"λέξοντες","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχοντ᾽","gloss":"gathering","note":"λέξοντες from λέγω 'gather/collect' (not 'speak') — a different, older sense of the verb, common in Homer."},{"surface":"ἀλωῆς","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"of the orchard"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to λέξοντες","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a fence"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b24-l225","source":"ᾤχοντʼ, αὐτὰρ ὁ τοῖσι γέρων ὁδὸν ἡγεμόνευε.","translation":"and the old man led them on their way.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤχοντ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went","note":"Homeric plural despite singular γέρων nearby; refers to Odysseus and companions departing."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευε","gloss":"the way"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led","note":"ἡγεμονεύω + dative 'lead for/guide someone', epic formulaic verb of guiding."}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b24-l226","source":"τὸν δʼ οἶον πατέρʼ εὗρεν ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐν ἀλωῇ,","translation":"So he found his father alone in the well-tended orchard,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὗρεν","gloss":"his father"},{"surface":"εὗρεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτιμένῃ","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωῇ","gloss":"well-tended","note":"ἐϋκτίμενος, a stock Homeric epithet for cultivated land, built from εὖ + κτίζω."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀλωῇ","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"orchard"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b24-l227","source":"λιστρεύοντα φυτόν· ῥυπόωντα δὲ ἕστο χιτῶνα","translation":"hoeing about a plant. He wore a filthy tunic,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λιστρεύοντα","lemma":"λιστρεύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"hoeing"},{"surface":"φυτόν","lemma":"φυτόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λιστρεύοντα","gloss":"a plant"},{"surface":"ῥυπόωντα","lemma":"ῥυπάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"filthy","note":"ῥυπόωντα, uncontracted epic form of ῥυπάω 'be squalid' — marks Laertes' degraded state."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕστο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he wore","note":"ἕστο, pluperfect middle of ἕννυμι 'to clothe', used with perfect force 'was wearing'."},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕστο","gloss":"a tunic"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b24-l228","source":"ῥαπτὸν ἀεικέλιον, περὶ δὲ κνήμῃσι βοείας","translation":"patched and shabby, and round his shins he had oxhide","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥαπτὸν","lemma":"ῥαπτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"patched"},{"surface":"ἀεικέλιον","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"shabby"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνήμῃσι","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"his shins"},{"surface":"βοείας","lemma":"βόειος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κνημῖδας","gloss":"oxhide"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b24-l229","source":"κνημῖδας ῥαπτὰς δέδετο, γραπτῦς ἀλεείνων,","translation":"leggings, stitched and tied on, to ward off the scratches,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κνημῖδας","lemma":"κνημίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δέδετο","gloss":"leggings"},{"surface":"ῥαπτὰς","lemma":"ῥαπτός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κνημῖδας","gloss":"stitched"},{"surface":"δέδετο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had bound on","note":"δέδετο, pluperfect passive of δέω 'bind', describing gear tied on long before, still in place."},{"surface":"γραπτῦς","lemma":"γραπτύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"scratches"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δέδετο","gloss":"warding off"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b24-l230","source":"χειρῖδάς τʼ ἐπὶ χερσὶ βάτων ἕνεκʼ· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθεν","translation":"and gloves on his hands because of the brambles; and on top,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρῖδάς","lemma":"χειρίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"gloves"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"βάτων","lemma":"βάτος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ᾽","gloss":"brambles"},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of","note":"ἕνεκα postposed after its genitive object βάτων, normal epic word order for this preposition."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"on top"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b24-l231","source":"αἰγείην κυνέην κεφαλῇ ἔχε, πένθος ἀέξων.","translation":"he wore a goatskin cap on his head, nursing his grief.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l231.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πένθος ἀέξων","title":"Feeding his sorrow","body":"The phrase literally means 'increasing his grief'; the image is of mourning that is cultivated and kept alive rather than set aside."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰγείην","lemma":"αἴγειος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυνέην","gloss":"goatskin"},{"surface":"κυνέην","lemma":"κυνέα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"cap"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"on his head"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he wore"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀέξων","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἀέξων","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχε","gloss":"nursing","note":"ἀέξων 'increasing, feeding' his grief — vivid image of Laertes deliberately dwelling in mourning."}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b24-l232","source":"τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"When much-enduring noble Odysseus saw him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b24-l233","source":"γήραϊ τειρόμενον, μέγα δὲ φρεσὶ πένθος ἔχοντα,","translation":"worn down by old age and holding a great grief in his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γήραϊ","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τειρόμενον","gloss":"by old age"},{"surface":"τειρόμενον","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντα","gloss":"in his heart","note":"φρεσί, locative dative 'in the mind/heart', common Homeric seat-of-emotion phrase."},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b24-l234","source":"στὰς ἄρʼ ὑπὸ βλωθρὴν ὄγχνην κατὰ δάκρυον εἶβε.","translation":"he stood beneath a tall pear tree and let a tear fall.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶβε","gloss":"having stood","note":"στάς, aorist participle of ἵστημι, describes Odysseus pausing before he weeps."},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"βλωθρὴν","lemma":"βλωθρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὄγχνην","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"ὄγχνην","lemma":"ὄγχνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"a pear tree"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δάκρυον","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἶβε","gloss":"a tear"},{"surface":"εἶβε","lemma":"εἴβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fall","note":"εἴβω 'let drip/trickle', poetic verb for shedding tears, paired with κατά for 'down'."}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b24-l235","source":"μερμήριξε δʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν","translation":"Then he pondered in his mind and in his heart","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l235.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μερμήριξε","title":"Aorist of deliberation","body":"The aorist μερμήριξε ('he pondered, debated') opens a typical Homeric scene of weighing two courses of action, set out first by infinitives (ll. 236–237: κύσσαι, περιφῦναι, εἰπεῖν) and then by optatives (l. 238: ἐξερέοιτο, πειρήσαιτο)."}],"words":[{"surface":"μερμήριξε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μερμήριξε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart","note":"κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, formulaic doubling of 'mind and heart' for inner deliberation."}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b24-l236","source":"κύσσαι καὶ περιφῦναι ἑὸν πατέρʼ, ἠδὲ ἕκαστα","translation":"whether to kiss and embrace his father, and tell him each thing,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύσσαι","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to kiss"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περιφῦναι","lemma":"περιφύομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"embrace","note":"περιφῦναι, aorist infinitive 'grow around' = 'throw arms around', vivid literal root sense."},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"each thing"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b24-l237","source":"εἰπεῖν, ὡς ἔλθοι καὶ ἵκοιτʼ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,","translation":"how he had come back and reached his native land,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"he had come"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκοιτ","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"reached","note":"ἵκοιτ᾽, optative in indirect deliberation representing what Odysseus might say — mood signals reported thought."},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b24-l238","source":"ἦ πρῶτʼ ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο.","translation":"or whether to question him first and make trial of him point by point.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πρῶτ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐξερέοιτο","lemma":"ἐξέρομαι","morphology":"present optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"question him"},{"surface":"ἕκαστά","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πειρήσαιτο","gloss":"each thing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πειρήσαιτο","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"test","note":"πειρήσαιτο, aorist optative of πειράω 'make trial of' — Odysseus's habitual testing/disguise motif."}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b24-l239","source":"ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι,","translation":"And as he pondered, this seemed to him the better course:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φρονέοντι","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pondering"},{"surface":"δοάσσατο","lemma":"δοάσσατο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed","note":"δοάσσατο, rare epic verb 'it seemed' governing an infinitive, unique to Homer in this sense."},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b24-l240","source":"πρῶτον κερτομίοις ἐπέεσσιν πειρηθῆναι.","translation":"first to make trial of him with mocking words.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πειρηθῆναι","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κερτομίοις","lemma":"κερτόμιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"mocking","note":"κερτόμιος 'taunting, testing' words — Odysseus's characteristic strategy of probing with provocation."},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πειρηθῆναι","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πειρηθῆναι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to test him"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b24-l241","source":"τὰ φρονέων ἰθὺς κίεν αὐτοῦ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"With this in mind, noble Odysseus went straight up to him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέων","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φρονέων","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"thinking"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"κίεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κίεν","gloss":"to him","note":"αὐτοῦ used adverbially 'to that very spot', not the pronoun genitive."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κίεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b24-l242","source":"ἦ τοι ὁ μὲν κατέχων κεφαλὴν φυτὸν ἀμφελάχαινε·","translation":"He, head bent low, was hoeing around the plant,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφελάχαινε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"κατέχων","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀμφελάχαινε","gloss":"holding down"},{"surface":"κεφαλὴν","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέχων","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"φυτὸν","lemma":"φυτόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφελάχαινε","gloss":"the plant"},{"surface":"ἀμφελάχαινε","lemma":"ἀμφιλαχαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was hoeing around"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b24-l243","source":"τὸν δὲ παριστάμενος προσεφώνεε φαίδιμος υἱός·","translation":"and his glorious son stood beside him and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παριστάμενος","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious","note":"φαίδιμος υἱός 'glorious son', formulaic epithet phrase used of Telemachus/heroic sons elsewhere; here Odysseus himself."},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b24-l244","source":"ὦ γέρον, οὐκ ἀδαημονίη σʼ ἔχει ἀμφιπολεύειν","translation":"\"Old man, you lack no skill in tending","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀδαημονίη","lemma":"ἀδαημονία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"lack of skill"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has","note":"ἔχει + infinitive 'holds you (in the state of)', idiomatic 'you lack no skill' via negated ἀδαημονίη."},{"surface":"ἀμφιπολεύειν","lemma":"ἀμφιπολεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ἀδαημονίη","gloss":"in tending"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b24-l245","source":"ὄρχατον, ἀλλʼ εὖ τοι κομιδὴ ἔχει, οὐδέ τι πάμπαν,","translation":"an orchard; your care of it is good, and there is nothing at all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄρχατον","lemma":"ὄρχατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιπολεύειν","gloss":"orchard"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχει","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κομιδὴ","lemma":"κομιδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"care","note":"κομιδή 'care, tending' — key word repeated through the passage, contrasting orchard-care with self-neglect."},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is kept"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b24-l246","source":"οὐ φυτόν, οὐ συκέη, οὐκ ἄμπελος, οὐ μὲν ἐλαίη,","translation":"no plant, no fig, no vine, no olive,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"φυτόν","lemma":"φυτόν","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"plant"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"συκέη","lemma":"συκέα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fig tree"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄμπελος","lemma":"ἄμπελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"vine"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐλαίη","lemma":"ἐλαία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"olive tree"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b24-l247","source":"οὐκ ὄγχνη, οὐ πρασιή τοι ἄνευ κομιδῆς κατὰ κῆπον.","translation":"no pear, no garden bed in the plot, that lacks your care.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὄγχνη","lemma":"ὄγχνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"pear tree"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πρασιή","lemma":"πρασιά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"garden bed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνευ","lemma":"ἄνευ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"κομιδῆς","lemma":"κομιδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"κῆπον","lemma":"κῆπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the garden"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b24-l248","source":"ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δὲ μὴ χόλον ἔνθεο θυμῷ","translation":"But I will tell you something else, and do not take it to heart in anger:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"another thing"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔνθεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθεο","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἔνθεο","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put","note":"ἔνθεο, aorist middle imperative 'put (for yourself)' — idiom 'take offense', θυμῷ 'to heart'."},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνθεο","gloss":"to heart"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b24-l249","source":"αὐτόν σʼ οὐκ ἀγαθὴ κομιδὴ ἔχει, ἀλλʼ ἅμα γῆρας","translation":"you yourself get no good care; rather, along with a sorry old age","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σ᾽","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὴ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κομιδὴ","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"κομιδὴ","lemma":"κομιδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχεις","gloss":"old age"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b24-l250","source":"λυγρὸν ἔχεις αὐχμεῖς τε κακῶς καὶ ἀεικέα ἕσσαι.","translation":"you bear it, and you are filthy and squalid and meanly clothed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λυγρὸν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γῆρας","gloss":"wretched","note":"λυγρόν 'sorry, miserable' modifying γῆρας 'old age' from the previous line, spanning enjambment."},{"surface":"ἔχεις","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have"},{"surface":"αὐχμεῖς","lemma":"αὐχμέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are squalid"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αὐχμεῖς","gloss":"badly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀεικέα","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἕσσαι","gloss":"unseemly"},{"surface":"ἕσσαι","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are clothed","note":"ἕσσαι, perfect passive 2nd singular of ἕννυμι 'to clothe', 'you are dressed in'."}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b24-l251","source":"οὐ μὲν ἀεργίης γε ἄναξ ἕνεκʼ οὔ σε κομίζει,","translation":"It is not for idleness that your master neglects you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀεργίης","lemma":"ἀεργία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕνεκ᾽","gloss":"idleness"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κομίζει","gloss":"your master","note":"ἄναξ 'lord/master' — pointed word, since the son speaking is unknowingly addressing the very master himself."},{"surface":"ἕνεκ","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"because of"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κομίζει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κομίζει","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cares for"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b24-l252","source":"οὐδέ τί τοι δούλειον ἐπιπρέπει εἰσοράασθαι","translation":"and there is nothing servile to behold in your","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιπρέπει","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐπιπρέπει","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δούλειον","lemma":"δούλειος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"servile"},{"surface":"ἐπιπρέπει","lemma":"ἐπιπρέπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is apparent"},{"surface":"εἰσοράασθαι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἐπιπρέπει","gloss":"to look upon","note":"εἰσοράασθαι, uncontracted epic infinitive of εἰσοράω 'to look at', governing δούλειον as predicate."}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b24-l253","source":"εἶδος καὶ μέγεθος· βασιλῆϊ γὰρ ἀνδρὶ ἔοικας.","translation":"form and stature: you look like a kingly man.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l253.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βασιλῆϊ","title":"Dative with ἔοικας","body":"ἔοικας ('you resemble') takes the dative: βασιλῆϊ ἀνδρί, 'like a kingly man'. The dative marks the person resembled."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγεθος","lemma":"μέγεθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"stature"},{"surface":"βασιλῆϊ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"kingly","note":"lemma unresolved (υνκνοων); best sense from context is 'kingly man', dative agreeing with ἀνδρὶ"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you resemble","note":"perfect ἔοικα has present force: 'you look like/resemble'"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b24-l254","source":"τοιούτῳ δὲ ἔοικας, ἐπεὶ λούσαιτο φάγοι τε,","translation":"You look like the kind of man who, once he had bathed and eaten,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιούτῳ","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"such a one"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you look like"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"λούσαιτο","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"he had bathed","note":"optative in a generalizing relative clause ('the kind of man who...') rather than a wish"},{"surface":"φάγοι","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"and eaten"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b24-l255","source":"εὑδέμεναι μαλακῶς· ἡ γὰρ δίκη ἐστὶ γερόντων.","translation":"would sleep soft: for that is the due of old men.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l255.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δίκη","title":"δίκη as 'what is fitting'","body":"Here δίκη means not 'justice' in a legal sense but 'the way of things' or 'the proper due'—the treatment that custom owes to the old."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὑδέμεναι","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies τοιούτῳ","gloss":"to sleep","note":"epic infinitive ending -μεναι, an alternate to -ειν"},{"surface":"μαλακῶς","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὑδέμεναι","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δίκη","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"is the due"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"γερόντων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δίκη","gloss":"of old men"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b24-l256","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,","translation":"But come, tell me this, and recount it truthfully:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come","note":"fossilized imperative used as an exhortation particle, invariant regardless of addressee number"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"truthfully"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b24-l257","source":"τεῦ δμὼς εἶς ἀνδρῶν; τεῦ δʼ ὄρχατον ἀμφιπολεύεις;","translation":"whose slave are you? whose orchard do you tend?","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεῦ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies δμὼς","gloss":"whose","note":"τεῦ = enclitic genitive of τις, interrogative here ('whose slave')"},{"surface":"δμὼς","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"slave"},{"surface":"εἶς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τεῦ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ὄρχατον","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρχατον","lemma":"ὄρχατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιπολεύεις","gloss":"orchard"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπολεύεις","lemma":"ἀμφιπολεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you tend"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b24-l258","source":"καὶ μοι τοῦτʼ ἀγόρευσον ἐτήτυμον, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῶ,","translation":"And tell me this truly too, so that I may know well:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευσον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"declare"},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμον","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῶ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδῶ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may know","note":"perfect subjunctive εἰδῶ of οἶδα, functioning as present ('know')"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b24-l259","source":"εἰ ἐτεόν γʼ Ἰθάκην τήνδʼ ἱκόμεθʼ, ὥς μοι ἔειπεν","translation":"is this really Ithaca that we have come to, as that man told me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἱκόμεθ᾽","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκόμεθ᾽","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"τήνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies Ἰθάκην","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἱκόμεθ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of εἰ","gloss":"we have come","note":"1st plural even though only Odysseus is speaking, an epic 'royal/companion' plural referring to his crew's landing"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"he told"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b24-l260","source":"οὗτος ἀνὴρ νῦν δὴ ξυμβλήμενος ἐνθάδʼ ἰόντι,","translation":"the one I met just now as I was coming here—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔειπεν","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ξυμβλήμενος","lemma":"συμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔειπεν","gloss":"having met me","note":"aorist middle participle συμβάλλω, 'having encountered/fallen in with'"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἰόντι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as I was coming"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b24-l261","source":"οὔ τι μάλʼ ἀρτίφρων, ἐπεὶ οὐ τόλμησεν ἕκαστα","translation":"not a very sensible fellow, for he could not bring himself, point by point,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀρτίφρων","lemma":"ἀρτίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sensible","note":"ἀρτίφρων 'sound of wits'; litotes-tinged understatement mocking the man's vagueness"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τόλμησεν","lemma":"τολμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he dared"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"each point"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b24-l262","source":"εἰπεῖν ἠδʼ ἐπακοῦσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος, ὡς ἐρέεινον","translation":"to tell me or to listen to my words, when I asked","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἐπακοῦσαι","lemma":"ἐπακούω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"to hear out"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπακοῦσαι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐρέεινον","lemma":"ἐρεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"I was asking"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b24-l263","source":"ἀμφὶ ξείνῳ ἐμῷ, ἤ που ζώει τε καὶ ἔστιν","translation":"about a guest-friend of mine, whether he is still alive and present,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"ξείνῳ","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"guest-friend"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξείνῳ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ζώει","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"he lives"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b24-l264","source":"ἦ ἤδη τέθνηκε καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισιν.","translation":"or has already died and gone to the house of Hades.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τέθνηκε","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"τέθνηκε","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"has died","note":"perfect θνήσκω, stressing the resulting state ('is dead') rather than the act of dying"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἀΐδαο","lemma":"ᾍδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"of Hades"},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b24-l265","source":"ἐκ γάρ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δὲ σύνθεο καί μευ ἄκουσον·","translation":"For I will tell you outright, and you mark and hear me:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"outright","note":"ἐκ used adverbially with ἐρέω, 'speak out plainly'"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύνθεο","lemma":"συντίθημι","morphology":"aorist imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heed"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄκουσον","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b24-l266","source":"ἄνδρα ποτʼ ἐξείνισσα φίλῃ ἐνὶ πατρίδι γαίῃ","translation":"I once entertained a man in my own native land","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξείνισσα","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐξείνισσα","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐξείνισσα","lemma":"ξενίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I entertained"},{"surface":"φίλῃ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πατρίδι","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b24-l267","source":"ἡμέτερόνδʼ ἐλθόντα, καὶ οὔ πω τις βροτὸς ἄλλος","translation":"when he came to our house, and never yet did any other mortal","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέτερόνδ","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθόντα","gloss":"to our house","note":"adverbial directional accusative with -δε suffix, 'homeward'"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"βροτὸς","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b24-l268","source":"ξείνων τηλεδαπῶν φιλίων ἐμὸν ἵκετο δῶμα·","translation":"of guests from far-off lands come dearer to my home.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνων","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"of guests"},{"surface":"τηλεδαπῶν","lemma":"τηλεδαπός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξείνων","gloss":"from far lands"},{"surface":"φιλίων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"dearer","note":"comparative φιλίων, 'more welcome/dearer' than any other guest before"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b24-l269","source":"εὔχετο δʼ ἐξ Ἰθάκης γένος ἔμμεναι, αὐτὰρ ἔφασκε","translation":"He claimed his lineage was from Ithaca, and he said","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he claimed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔμμεναι","gloss":"in lineage","note":"accusative of respect with ἔμμεναι, 'to be by birth'"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχετο","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔφασκε","lemma":"φάσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b24-l270","source":"Λαέρτην Ἀρκεισιάδην πατέρʼ ἔμμεναι αὐτῷ.","translation":"that Laertes son of Arceisius was his father.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαέρτην","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔμμεναι","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"Ἀρκεισιάδην","lemma":"Ἀρκεισιάδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαέρτην","gloss":"son of Arceisius","note":"patronymic in -άδης, epic naming convention"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφασκε","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b24-l271","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ πρὸς δώματʼ ἄγων ἐῢ ἐξείνισσα,","translation":"I led him to my house and entertained him well,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξείνισσα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξείνισσα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξείνισσα","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξείνισσα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἐξείνισσα","lemma":"ξενίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I entertained"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b24-l272","source":"ἐνδυκέως φιλέων, πολλῶν κατὰ οἶκον ἐόντων,","translation":"feasting him kindly, for there was abundance in the house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φιλέων","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"φιλέων","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξείνισσα","gloss":"treating warmly"},{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐόντων","gloss":"many things","note":"genitive absolute: πολλῶν...ἐόντων, 'there being much (abundance) in the house'"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἐόντων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ἐξείνισσα","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b24-l273","source":"καί οἱ δῶρα πόρον ξεινήϊα, οἷα ἐῴκει.","translation":"and I gave him guest-gifts, such as were fitting.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρον","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πόρον","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"πόρον","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I gave"},{"surface":"ξεινήϊα","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"guest-gifts","note":"lemma unresolved (υνκνοων); context and translation give 'guest-gifts, ξεινήϊα'"},{"surface":"οἷα","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"were fitting","note":"pluperfect ἐῴκει with present-tense force, 'were fitting/suitable'"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b24-l274","source":"χρυσοῦ μέν οἱ δῶκʼ εὐεργέος ἑπτὰ τάλαντα,","translation":"I gave him seven talents of well-wrought gold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσοῦ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"of gold"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκ᾽","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δῶκ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I gave"},{"surface":"εὐεργέος","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρυσοῦ","gloss":"well-wrought"},{"surface":"ἑπτὰ","lemma":"ἑπτά","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκ᾽","gloss":"talents"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b24-l275","source":"δῶκα δέ οἱ κρητῆρα πανάργυρον ἀνθεμόεντα,","translation":"I gave him a mixing-bowl all of silver, worked with flowers,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκα","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I gave"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκα","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κρητῆρα","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκα","gloss":"a mixing-bowl"},{"surface":"πανάργυρον","lemma":"πανάργυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"all-silver"},{"surface":"ἀνθεμόεντα","lemma":"ἀνθεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"flowered","note":"ἀνθεμόεντα, 'worked with flower designs', a formulaic decorative epithet for fine metalwork"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b24-l276","source":"δώδεκα δʼ ἁπλοΐδας χλαίνας, τόσσους δὲ τάπητας,","translation":"twelve cloaks of single fold, and as many rugs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies χλαίνας","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁπλοΐδας","lemma":"ἁπλοίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαίνας","gloss":"single-fold"},{"surface":"χλαίνας","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"τόσσους","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τάπητας","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τάπητας","lemma":"τάπης","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"rugs"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b24-l277","source":"τόσσα δὲ φάρεα καλά, τόσους δʼ ἐπὶ τοῖσι χιτῶνας,","translation":"as many fine mantles, and as many tunics besides,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσα","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρεα","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάρεα","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"mantles"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρεα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"τόσους","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνας","gloss":"as many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"χιτῶνας","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"tunics"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b24-l278","source":"χωρὶς δʼ αὖτε γυναῖκας, ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυίας,","translation":"and apart from these, women skilled in faultless handiwork,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωρὶς","lemma":"χωρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"moreover"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"faultless"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδυίας","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"ἰδυίας","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"knowing well","note":"perfect participle ἰδυίας of οἶδα, 'skilled in'"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b24-l279","source":"τέσσαρας εἰδαλίμας, ἃς ἤθελεν αὐτὸς ἑλέσθαι.","translation":"four shapely ones, whom he wished to choose for himself.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέσσαρας","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"εἰδαλίμας","lemma":"εἰδάλιμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"shapely"},{"surface":"ἃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἤθελεν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"he wished"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελεν","gloss":"to choose"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b24-l280","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα πατὴρ κατὰ δάκρυον\n                  εἴβων·","translation":"Then his father answered him, shedding a tear:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κατὰ...εἴβων is a tmesis, 'shedding down' a tear, verb split by intervening words"},{"surface":"δάκρυον","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴβων","gloss":"a tear"},{"surface":"εἴβων","lemma":"εἴβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b24-l281","source":"ξεῖνʼ, ἦ τοι μὲν γαῖαν ἱκάνεις, ἣν ἐρεείνεις,","translation":"\"Stranger, you have indeed come to the land you ask about,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger","note":"Vocative with elided noun-phrase head — Laertes addresses the disguised Odysseus formally."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκάνεις","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκάνεις","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have come","note":"ἱκάνω 'arrive at' governs a bare accusative of place, no preposition needed."},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρεείνεις","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐρεείνεις","lemma":"ἐρεείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γαῖαν","gloss":"you ask about"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b24-l282","source":"ὑβρισταὶ δʼ αὐτὴν καὶ ἀτάσθαλοι ἄνδρες ἔχουσιν·","translation":"but insolent and reckless men hold it now.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l282.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑβρισταὶ","title":"Insolence and recklessness","body":"ὑβρισταί (men of hubris) paired with ἀτάσθαλοι (reckless wrongdoers) names exactly the fault of the suitors: violent disregard for limits and the gods."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὑβρισταὶ","lemma":"ὑβριστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"insolent men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλοι","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"reckless","note":"ἀτάσθαλος 'reckless, wicked' is a stock epic term for lawless behavior, echoing the suitors' crime."},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold, possess"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b24-l283","source":"δῶρα δʼ ἐτώσια ταῦτα χαρίζεο, μυρίʼ ὀπάζων·","translation":"These gifts you gave were given in vain, lavishing them by the thousand;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χαρίζεο","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτώσια","lemma":"ἐτώσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"vain, wasted","note":"ἐτώσιος 'in vain' as predicate adjective — the gifts you once gave turned out worthless."},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"χαρίζεο","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you gave"},{"surface":"μυρί","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὀπάζων","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"ὀπάζων","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαρίζεο","gloss":"bestowing","note":"Present participle 'lavishing' modifies the main verb, describing the manner of the past giving."}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b24-l284","source":"εἰ γάρ μιν ζωόν γʼ ἐκίχεις Ἰθάκης ἐνὶ δήμῳ,","translation":"for if you had found him alive in the land of Ithaca,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκίχεις","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ζωόν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐκίχεις","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you had found","note":"Imperfect ἐκίχεις in an unreal past condition ('if you had found') — contrary-to-fact regret."},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"land, district"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b24-l285","source":"τῷ κέν σʼ εὖ δώροισιν ἀμειψάμενος ἀπέπεμψε","translation":"he would have sent you away well repaid with gifts in return","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπεμψε","gloss":"then, so"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"τῷ κέν + past indicative marks the apodosis of a contrary-to-fact condition — 'then he would have.'"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀπέπεμψε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμειψάμενος","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δώροισιν","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with gifts"},{"surface":"ἀμειψάμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπεμψε","gloss":"repaying"},{"surface":"ἀπέπεμψε","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent away"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b24-l286","source":"καὶ ξενίῃ ἀγαθῇ ἡ γὰρ θέμις, ὅς τις ὑπάρξῃ.","translation":"and with good hospitality—for that is the right, when one begins it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l286.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θέμις","title":"θέμις as established custom","body":"θέμις names what is right by divine and social custom—here, the obligation to repay a guest who has shown generosity first."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξενίῃ","lemma":"ξενία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"hospitality"},{"surface":"ἀγαθῇ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ξενίῃ","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"right, custom","note":"θέμις = the sanctioned social/divine 'right' of hospitality — a key Homeric guest-friendship concept."},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπάρξῃ","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ὑπάρξῃ","lemma":"ὑπάρχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"begins it","note":"Aorist subjunctive in general relative clause ('whoever begins it') — indefinite, gnomic sense."}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b24-l287","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,","translation":"But come, tell me this, and recount it truthfully:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε is a fossilized imperative used as an interjection, 'come now,' urging attention."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"truthfully"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b24-l288","source":"πόστον δὴ ἔτος ἐστίν, ὅτε ξείνισσας ἐκεῖνον","translation":"how many years is it now, since you entertained that man,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόστον","lemma":"πόστος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτος","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἔτος","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"is it"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ξείνισσας","lemma":"ξενίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτε","gloss":"you entertained","note":"ξενίζω 'host/entertain' — the guest-friendship verb central to Laertes' probing question."},{"surface":"ἐκεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"that man"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b24-l289","source":"σὸν ξεῖνον δύστηνον, ἐμὸν παῖδʼ, εἴ ποτʼ ἔην γε,","translation":"your guest, ill-fated, my son—if ever he truly was—","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l289.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εἴ ποτʼ ἔην γε","title":"\"If ever he truly was\"","body":"This bitter formula expresses a grieving doubt that the absent son ever really existed, so long has he been gone. It recurs as a touchstone of loss in the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"σὸν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"guest"},{"surface":"δύστηνον","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"ill-fated"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"παῖδ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing εἴ","gloss":"he was","note":"Laertes' 'if ever he truly was' — a father's grief-stricken doubt whether his son still exists."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b24-l290","source":"δύσμορον; ὅν που τῆλε φίλων καὶ πατρίδος αἴης","translation":"doomed; whom, far perhaps from his friends and his native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσμορον","lemma":"δύσμορος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"doomed, luckless"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φάγον","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἴης","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"αἴης","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b24-l291","source":"ἠέ που ἐν πόντῳ φάγον ἰχθύες, ἢ ἐπὶ χέρσου","translation":"either the fishes have eaten somewhere in the sea, or on dry land","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"φάγον","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"ate, devoured","note":"φαγεῖν (root ἐσθίω/φαγ-) — vivid epic image of fish devouring a body lost at sea."},{"surface":"ἰχθύες","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φάγον","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"χέρσου","lemma":"χέρσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"dry land"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b24-l292","source":"θηρσὶ καὶ οἰωνοῖσιν ἕλωρ γένετʼ· οὐδέ ἑ μήτηρ","translation":"he has become prey to beasts and birds; nor did his mother","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θηρσὶ","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"beasts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰωνοῖσιν","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"ἕλωρ","lemma":"ἕλωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prey","note":"ἕλωρ 'prey, spoil' as predicate noun — the grim fate imagined for an unburied corpse."},{"surface":"γένετ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλαῦσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b24-l293","source":"κλαῦσε περιστείλασα πατήρ θʼ, οἵ μιν τεκόμεσθα·","translation":"wrap and mourn him, nor his father, we who bore him;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῦσε","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wailed, mourned"},{"surface":"περιστείλασα","lemma":"περιστέλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κλαῦσε","gloss":"wrapping","note":"περιστέλλω 'wrap/lay out' the corpse — the ritual act of preparing a body for burial."},{"surface":"πατήρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τεκόμεσθα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τεκόμεσθα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τεκόμεσθα","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θ᾽","gloss":"bore, begat","note":"τεκόμεσθα 'we bore' — parents' 1st-plural for jointly begetting a child, poignant here."}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b24-l294","source":"οὐδʼ ἄλοχος πολύδωρος, ἐχέφρων Πηνελόπεια,","translation":"nor did his richly-dowered wife, prudent Penelope,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλοχος","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"πολύδωρος","lemma":"πολύδωρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχος","gloss":"richly-dowered"},{"surface":"ἐχέφρων","lemma":"ἐχέφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"prudent","note":"ἐχέφρων 'sound-minded' is Penelope's standing epithet, marking her wisdom formulaically."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b24-l295","source":"κώκυσʼ ἐν λεχέεσσιν ἑὸν πόσιν, ὡς ἐπεῴκει,","translation":"wail for her husband upon his bier, as was fitting,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κώκυσ","lemma":"κωκύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wailed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσιν","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"bier, bed"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσιν","gloss":"her own"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κώκυσ᾽","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεῴκει","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐπεῴκει","lemma":"ἐπέοικε","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to κώκυσ᾽","gloss":"was fitting","note":"ἐπέοικε pluperfect 'had been fitting' — formulaic epic phrase marking proper ritual conduct."}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b24-l296","source":"ὀφθαλμοὺς καθελοῦσα· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.","translation":"and close his eyes: for that is the due of the dead.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοὺς","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καθελοῦσα","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"καθελοῦσα","lemma":"καθαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κώκυσ᾽","gloss":"closing","note":"καθαιρέω here 'closing (the eyes)' — a specific funerary gesture for the dead."},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γέρας","lemma":"γέρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"due honor, right"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θανόντων","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies γέρας","gloss":"of the dead"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b24-l297","source":"καί μοι τοῦτʼ ἀγόρευσον ἐτήτυμον, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῶ·","translation":"And tell me this truly too, so that I may know well:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευσον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμον","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῶ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδῶ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may know","note":"Perfect subjunctive εἰδῶ (from οἶδα) with present sense 'know' — purpose clause after ὄφρα."}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b24-l298","source":"τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες;","translation":"who are you, and from where among men? where is your city and your parents?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l298.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν","title":"The Homeric questioning formula","body":"This stock string of questions—who, whence, where your city and kin—is the formulaic Homeric way of demanding a stranger's identity."}],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πόθεν","lemma":"πόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶς","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"εἶς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"πόθι","lemma":"πόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"city","note":"τίς πόθεν εἶς...πόθι τοι πόλις — the classic Homeric stranger-interrogation formula, repeated across the epic."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοκῆες","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b24-l299","source":"ποῦ δὲ νηῦς ἕστηκε θοή, ἥ σʼ ἤγαγε δεῦρο","translation":"And where is the swift ship moored that brought you here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕστηκε","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕστηκε","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἕστηκε","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands, is moored","note":"Perfect ἕστηκε with present stative force — 'stands moored,' not 'has stood.'"},{"surface":"θοή","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤγαγε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἤγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νηῦς","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b24-l300","source":"ἀντιθέους θʼ ἑτάρους; ἦ ἔμπορος εἰλήλουθας","translation":"and your godlike companions? Or did you come as a passenger","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντιθέους","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρους","gloss":"godlike","note":"ἀντίθεος 'god-like' — common epic epithet elevating companions/heroes, even minor figures."},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔμπορος","lemma":"ἔμπορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"passenger"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθας","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you come"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b24-l301","source":"νηὸς ἐπʼ ἀλλοτρίης, οἱ δʼ ἐκβήσαντες ἔβησαν;","translation":"on another man's ship, and they set you ashore and went away?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"of a ship"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀλλοτρίης","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"another's, foreign"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκβήσαντες","lemma":"ἐκβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβησαν","gloss":"disembarking"},{"surface":"ἔβησαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went away","note":"ἐκβάντες...ἔβησαν — cognate-verb pairing (disembarking / went) typical of formulaic epic diction."}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b24-l302","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many counsels answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις","title":"\"Of many counsels\"","body":"πολύμητις ('of many devices/counsels') is the stock epithet of Odysseus, marking his cunning. Such formulaic epithets fill the metrical line and characterize the hero."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many counsels","note":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς — Odysseus' fixed epic epithet 'of many wiles,' fitting his disguised, cunning speech."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b24-l303","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι πάντα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω.","translation":"\"Then I will recount everything to you quite truthfully.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well then"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταλέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καταλέξω","gloss":"truthfully"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will recount","note":"Future καταλέξω picks up Laertes' own imperative κατάλεξον — Odysseus answers point for point, but with a lie."}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b24-l304","source":"εἰμὶ μὲν ἐξ Ἀλύβαντος, ὅθι κλυτὰ δώματα ναίω,","translation":"I am from Alybas, where I dwell in a famous house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰμὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναίω","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίω","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ναίω","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀλύβαντος","gloss":"I dwell"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b24-l305","source":"υἱὸς Ἀφείδαντος Πολυπημονίδαο ἄνακτος·","translation":"the son of lord Apheidas, son of Polypemon;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀφείδαντος","lemma":"Ἀφείδας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Apheidas"},{"surface":"Πολυπημονίδαο","lemma":"Πολυπημονίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀφείδαντος","gloss":"son of Polypemon","note":"A patronymic chain (son of Apheidas, son of Polypemon) — invented genealogy strengthens the fictitious identity."},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀφείδαντος","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b24-l306","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοί γʼ ὄνομʼ ἐστὶν Ἐπήριτος· ἀλλά με δαίμων","translation":"and my own name is Eperitus. But a god","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄνομ᾽","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄνομ","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"Ἐπήριτος","lemma":"Ἐπήριτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Eperitus","note":"'Eperitus' resembles Greek 'strife-sought' — a fitting alias for the disguised, embattled Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλάγξ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πλάγξ᾽","gloss":"a god, fate"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b24-l307","source":"πλάγξʼ ἀπὸ Σικανίης δεῦρʼ ἐλθέμεν οὐκ ἐθέλοντα·","translation":"drove me off course from Sicania to come here against my will,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάγξ","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove off course","note":"πλάζω 'drive astray' — recurring epic verb for divinely-caused wandering, echoing Odysseus' real story within the lie."},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Σικανίης","lemma":"Σικανία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"Sicania"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοντα","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing","note":"οὐκ ἐθέλοντα 'not willing' — accusative participle agreeing with the implied 'me,' stressing the coming was involuntary."}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b24-l308","source":"νηῦς δέ μοι ἥδʼ ἕστηκεν ἐπʼ ἀγροῦ νόσφι πόληος.","translation":"and my ship lies there off the country, away from the city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕστηκεν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἥδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἕστηκεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands, is moored"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"off, near"},{"surface":"ἀγροῦ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"countryside"},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"πόληος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νόσφι","gloss":"the city"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b24-l309","source":"αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσῆϊ τόδε δὴ πέμπτον ἔτος ἐστίν,","translation":"As for Odysseus, this is now the fifth year","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but/now"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐστίν","gloss":"for Odysseus","note":"Dative of the person concerned with εἰμί: 'for Odysseus this is...'"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now indeed"},{"surface":"πέμπτον","lemma":"πέμπτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτος","gloss":"fifth"},{"surface":"ἔτος","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b24-l310","source":"ἐξ οὗ κεῖθεν ἔβη καὶ ἐμῆς ἀπελήλυθε πάτρης,","translation":"since he went away from there and left my country,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"which (time)"},{"surface":"κεῖθεν","lemma":"ἐκεῖθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβη","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"he went","note":"Root aorist ἔβη (βαίνω), a common epic form for simple 'went, departed.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῆς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πάτρης","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἀπελήλυθε","lemma":"ἀπέρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"has left","note":"Perfect ἀπελήλυθε stresses the lasting result: he is still gone."},{"surface":"πάτρης","lemma":"πάτρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπελήλυθε","gloss":"country"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b24-l311","source":"δύσμορος· ἦ τέ οἱ ἐσθλοὶ ἔσαν ὄρνιθες ἰόντι,","translation":"ill-fated man; yet the birds were favorable for him as he set out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσμορος","lemma":"δύσμορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ill-fated"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"favorable"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ὄρνιθες","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"birds","note":"ὄρνιθες = omen-birds; bird-omens (auspices) mark a hero's departure in epic."},{"surface":"ἰόντι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he went"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b24-l312","source":"δεξιοί, οἷς χαίρων μὲν ἐγὼν ἀπέπεμπον ἐκεῖνον,","translation":"on the right, rejoicing in which I sent him on his way,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξιοί","lemma":"δεξιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"on the right","note":"δεξιοί 'on the right' = auspicious in Greek bird-omen lore, unlike the left."},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of χαίρων","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπεμπον","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπέπεμπον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀπέπεμπον","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὄρνιθες","gloss":"was sending off"},{"surface":"ἐκεῖνον","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπέπεμπον","gloss":"that man"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b24-l313","source":"χαῖρε δὲ κεῖνος ἰών· θυμὸς δʼ ἔτι νῶϊν ἐώλπει","translation":"and he went rejoicing; and our hearts still hoped","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l313.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νῶϊν","title":"Dual pronoun","body":"νῶϊν is the dual 'for us two', referring to the pair—Odysseus and his fictional host. Homer often uses the dual for natural pairs."}],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of χαῖρε","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐώλπει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐώλπει","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"νῶϊν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative dual masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"of us two","note":"Dual νῶϊν 'of us two' — the speaker (as host Eperitus) and Odysseus, who hoped to meet again; marks the archaic dual number."},{"surface":"ἐώλπει","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had hoped","note":"Pluperfect ἐώλπει: the hope was already long-standing before the sad reality."}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b24-l314","source":"μίξεσθαι ξενίῃ ἠδʼ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα διδώσειν.","translation":"to meet again in friendship and exchange splendid gifts.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίξεσθαι","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"to meet again"},{"surface":"ξενίῃ","lemma":"ξενία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μίξεσθαι","gloss":"in friendship"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διδώσειν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"διδώσειν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"to give"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b24-l315","source":"ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα·","translation":"So he spoke, and a black cloud of grief covered him over;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l315.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄχεος νεφέλη μέλαινα","title":"The black cloud of grief","body":"Grief (ἄχος) is figured as a black cloud that wraps the mourner—a recurring Homeric image for the onset of overwhelming sorrow."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄχεος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies νεφέλη","gloss":"of grief"},{"surface":"νεφέλη","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκάλυψε","gloss":"cloud","note":"'Black cloud of grief' is a Homeric metaphor image for being overwhelmed by sorrow."},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"},{"surface":"μέλαινα","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεφέλη","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b24-l316","source":"ἀμφοτέρῃσι δὲ χερσὶν ἑλὼν κόνιν αἰθαλόεσσαν","translation":"and with both hands he took up the sooty dust","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρῃσι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"with both"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλὼν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χεύατο","gloss":"taking up"},{"surface":"κόνιν","lemma":"κόνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of χεύατο","gloss":"dust"},{"surface":"αἰθαλόεσσαν","lemma":"αἰθαλόεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόνιν","gloss":"sooty","note":"Pouring dust on the head is a traditional epic gesture of mourning."}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b24-l317","source":"χεύατο κὰκ κεφαλῆς πολιῆς, ἁδινὰ στεναχίζων.","translation":"and poured it over his gray head, groaning thick and fast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεύατο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"κὰκ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down over","note":"κὰκ is elided/assimilated κατά before κ-; common epic prepositional prefix form."},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κὰκ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"πολιῆς","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἁδινὰ","lemma":"ἁδινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζων","gloss":"thick and fast"},{"surface":"στεναχίζων","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χεύατο","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b24-l318","source":"τοῦ δʼ ὠρίνετο θυμός, ἀνὰ ῥῖνας δέ οἱ ἤδη","translation":"And the heart of Odysseus was stirred, and up through his nostrils now","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμός","gloss":"his","note":"Genitive τοῦ possessive with θυμός: 'the heart of him.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠρίνετο","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stirred"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὠρίνετο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"up through"},{"surface":"ῥῖνας","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"nostrils"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ῥῖνας","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προὔτυψε","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b24-l319","source":"δριμὺ μένος προὔτυψε φίλον πατέρʼ εἰσορόωντι.","translation":"a sharp force surged as he looked on his dear father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δριμὺ","lemma":"δριμύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of προὔτυψε","gloss":"force","note":"μένος: physical/emotional surge of feeling, here Odysseus overcome with emotion seeing his father."},{"surface":"προὔτυψε","lemma":"προτύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surged"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσορόωντι","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"looking upon"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b24-l320","source":"κύσσε δέ μιν περιφὺς ἐπιάλμενος, ἠδὲ προσηύδα·","translation":"He sprang forward, clasped and kissed him, and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύσσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κύσσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"περιφὺς","lemma":"περιφύομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κύσσε","gloss":"embracing"},{"surface":"ἐπιάλμενος","lemma":"ἐφάλλομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κύσσε","gloss":"springing upon"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b24-l321","source":"κεῖνος μέν τοι ὅδʼ αὐτὸς ἐγώ, πάτερ, ὃν σὺ\n                     μεταλλᾷς,","translation":"\"Father, I myself am the very man you ask about—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἐγώ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father","note":"Vocative πάτερ, direct address inserted mid-clause — typical Homeric apostrophe."},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεταλλᾷς","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μεταλλᾷς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μεταλλᾷς","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κεῖνος","gloss":"ask about"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b24-l322","source":"ἤλυθον εἰκοστῷ ἔτεϊ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"I have come in the twentieth year to my native land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I came","note":"ἤλυθον, epic aorist of ἔρχομαι (=ἦλθον), formulaic variant common in Homer."},{"surface":"εἰκοστῷ","lemma":"εἰκοστός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔτεϊ","gloss":"twentieth"},{"surface":"ἔτεϊ","lemma":"ἔτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθον","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b24-l323","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴσχεο κλαυθμοῖο γόοιό τε δακρυόεντος.","translation":"But hold back from weeping and tearful lament.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l323.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἴσχεο","title":"Middle imperative","body":"ἴσχεο ('hold yourself back, cease') is a present middle imperative; the middle voice turns the action on the subject—restrain yourself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴσχεο","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"κλαυθμοῖο","lemma":"κλαυθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"γόοιό","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δακρυόεντος","lemma":"δακρυόεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιό","gloss":"tearful"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b24-l324","source":"ἐκ γάρ τοι ἐρέω· μάλα δὲ χρὴ σπευδέμεν ἔμπης·","translation":"For I will tell you outright; and we must make great haste regardless:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"outright","note":"ἐκ...ἐρέω 'tmesis': ἐκ- separated from ἐρέω, meaning 'speak out plainly.'"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is necessary"},{"surface":"σπευδέμεν","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"to hasten"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σπευδέμεν","gloss":"regardless"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b24-l325","source":"μνηστῆρας κατέπεφνον ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισι,","translation":"I have slain the suitors in our own house,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατέπεφνον","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"κατέπεφνον","lemma":"κατέπεφνον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I slew","note":"κατέπεφνον: rare epic aorist (defective verb, no present) meaning 'killed, slew.'"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροισι","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισι","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δόμοισι","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b24-l326","source":"λώβην τινύμενος θυμαλγέα καὶ κακὰ ἔργα.","translation":"avenging their heart-galling outrage and their evil deeds.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λώβην","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"outrage"},{"surface":"τινύμενος","lemma":"τίνυμαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέπεφνον","gloss":"avenging"},{"surface":"θυμαλγέα","lemma":"θυμαλγής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λώβην","gloss":"heart-galling"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b24-l327","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Λαέρτης ἀπαμείβετο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"Then Laertes answered him in turn and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπαμείβετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Λαέρτης","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"ἀπαμείβετο","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"φώνησέν τε ἀπαμείβετο: a stock Homeric double-verb formula introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b24-l328","source":"εἰ μὲν δὴ Ὀδυσεύς γε ἐμὸς πάϊς ἐνθάδʼ ἱκάνεις,","translation":"\"If you really are my son Odysseus come back here,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκάνεις","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκάνεις","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you have come","note":"Laertes' doubt: the conditional εἰ...ἱκάνεις voices lingering disbelief before Odysseus proves it."}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b24-l329","source":"σῆμά τί μοι νῦν εἰπὲ ἀριφραδές, ὄφρα πεποίθω.","translation":"give me now some clear sign, that I may be convinced.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l329.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σῆμα","title":"σῆμα: a proof-sign","body":"A σῆμα is a token or recognizable sign used to confirm identity—here Laertes demands one, as Penelope did, before he will believe."}],"words":[{"surface":"σῆμά","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"a sign"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies σῆμά","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ἀριφραδές","lemma":"ἀριφραδής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σῆμά","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πεποίθω","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may be convinced","note":"Perfect subjunctive πεποίθω: 'come to a settled state of trust,' not just 'believe.'"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b24-l330","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many counsels answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many counsels","note":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς: recurring Homeric epithet-formula for Odysseus, 'of many wiles.'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b24-l331","source":"οὐλὴν μὲν πρῶτον τήνδε φράσαι ὀφθαλμοῖσι,","translation":"\"First, then, look closely at this scar with your own eyes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐλὴν","lemma":"οὐλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φράσαι","gloss":"scar","note":"The scar recalls Book 19's recognition scene — Odysseus offers concrete proof, not words."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φράσαι","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"τήνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies οὐλὴν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"φράσαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"look at"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φράσαι","gloss":"with your eyes"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b24-l332","source":"τὴν ἐν Παρνησῷ μʼ ἔλασεν σῦς λευκῷ ὀδόντι","translation":"the one a boar dealt me with his white tusk on Parnassus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλασεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"Παρνησῷ","lemma":"Παρνασός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Parnassus"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλασεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οὐλὴν","gloss":"gave (a blow)"},{"surface":"σῦς","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλασεν","gloss":"a boar"},{"surface":"λευκῷ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδόντι","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ὀδόντι","lemma":"ὀδών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔλασεν","gloss":"tusk"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b24-l333","source":"οἰχόμενον· σὺ δέ με προΐεις καὶ πότνια μήτηρ","translation":"when I had gone there. You and my honored mother sent me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰχόμενον","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having gone"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προΐεις","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"προΐεις","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήτηρ","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b24-l334","source":"ἐς πατέρʼ Αὐτόλυκον μητρὸς φίλον, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἑλοίμην","translation":"to Autolycus, my mother's own father, so that I might receive","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αὐτόλυκον","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"Αὐτόλυκον","lemma":"Αὐτόλυκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Autolycus","note":"Autolycus, Odysseus's maternal grandfather, famed as a master thief — his gift-visit set up the scar story."},{"surface":"μητρὸς","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"of my mother"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἑλοίμην","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I might receive"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b24-l335","source":"δῶρα, τὰ δεῦρο μολών μοι ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσεν.","translation":"the gifts he promised me with a nod when he came here.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλοίμην","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μολών","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"μολών","lemma":"βλώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπέσχετο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὑπέσχετο","lemma":"ὑπέχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"promised"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατένευσεν","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"nodded assent","note":"κατένευσεν: the ritual nod that seals a binding promise in Homer, echoing Zeus's own nod."}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b24-l336","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγε τοι καὶ δένδρεʼ ἐϋκτιμένην κατʼ ἀλωὴν","translation":"Come, and I will name for you the trees in the well-tended orchard","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε: exhortative interjection 'come!'; introduces Odysseus's second proof, naming the orchard's trees."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δένδρε","lemma":"δένδρεον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτιμένην","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλωὴν","gloss":"well-tended"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"ἀλωὴν","lemma":"ἀλωή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κατ᾽","gloss":"orchard"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b24-l337","source":"εἴπω, ἅ μοί ποτʼ ἔδωκας, ἐγὼ δʼ ᾔτεόν σε ἕκαστα","translation":"that you once gave me. I begged you for each of them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let me tell","note":"Subjunctive 'let me speak of' introducing the list of gifts."},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκας","gloss":"which","note":"Relative pronoun picking up the trees named in what follows."},{"surface":"μοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκας","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκας","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἔδωκας","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"you gave"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔτεόν","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ᾔτεόν","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"kept asking","note":"Imperfect: repeated childhood begging, vivid iterative sense."},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ᾔτεόν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ᾔτεόν","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b24-l338","source":"παιδνὸς ἐών, κατὰ κῆπον ἐπισπόμενος· διὰ δʼ αὐτῶν","translation":"being a child, following you through the garden. Among them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l338.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"παιδνὸς","title":"\"Being a child\"","body":"The adjective παιδνός marks Odysseus as a small boy at the time, underscoring the intimate, early memory he shares with his father as proof of identity."}],"words":[{"surface":"παιδνὸς","lemma":"παιδνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"being a child"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"κῆπον","lemma":"κῆπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"garden"},{"surface":"ἐπισπόμενος","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"following","note":"ἐφέπω here 'following along after' Laertes as a child trailing him."},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"them (the trees)"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b24-l339","source":"ἱκνεύμεσθα, σὺ δʼ ὠνόμασας καὶ ἔειπες ἕκαστα.","translation":"we walked, and you named and pointed out each one.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱκνεύμεσθα","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we walked"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠνόμασας","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told","note":"Epic aorist ἔειπες (=εἶπες) with reduplicated augment, a Homeric form of 'say'."},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b24-l340","source":"ὄγχνας μοι δῶκας τρισκαίδεκα καὶ δέκα μηλέας,","translation":"You gave me thirteen pear trees and ten apple trees,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄγχνας","lemma":"ὄγχνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"pear trees"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκας","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δῶκας","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you gave"},{"surface":"τρισκαίδεκα","lemma":"τρεισκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ὄγχνας","gloss":"thirteen"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μηλέας","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"μηλέας","lemma":"μηλέα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"apple trees"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b24-l341","source":"συκέας τεσσαράκοντʼ· ὄρχους δέ μοι ὧδʼ ὀνόμηνας","translation":"forty fig trees; and you named for me, in the same way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"συκέας","lemma":"συκέα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"fig trees"},{"surface":"τεσσαράκοντ","lemma":"τεσσαράκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies συκέας","gloss":"forty"},{"surface":"ὄρχους","lemma":"ὄρχος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"rows of vines"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσειν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀνόμηνας","gloss":"thus/so"},{"surface":"ὀνόμηνας","lemma":"ὀνομαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you named"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b24-l342","source":"δώσειν πεντήκοντα, διατρύγιος δὲ ἕκαστος","translation":"fifty rows of vines you would give, and each one of them","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσειν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀνόμηνας","gloss":"to give","note":"Future infinitive 'you promised to give'—Laertes' remembered promise, not yet fulfilled action."},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ὄρχους","gloss":"fifty"},{"surface":"διατρύγιος","lemma":"διατρύγιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ripening in turn","note":"διατρύγιος 'bearing fruit at different times,' a rare epithet for staggered vine harvests."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἤην","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b24-l343","source":"ἤην· ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὰ σταφυλαὶ παντοῖαι ἔασιν—","translation":"ripened in turn—and on them grow grapes of every kind,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασιν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon/throughout"},{"surface":"σταφυλαὶ","lemma":"σταφυλή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"grape clusters"},{"surface":"παντοῖαι","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σταφυλαὶ","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"ἔασιν—","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grow/are"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b24-l344","source":"ὁππότε δὴ Διὸς ὧραι ἐπιβρίσειαν ὕπερθεν.","translation":"whenever the seasons of Zeus weigh heavy from above.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὧραι","gloss":"of Zeus","note":"'Seasons of Zeus' — the god as source of the year's weather and ripening."},{"surface":"ὧραι","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιβρίσειαν","gloss":"seasons"},{"surface":"ἐπιβρίσειαν","lemma":"ἐπιβρίθω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"weigh down","note":"Optative in a general temporal clause, epic idiom for grapes hanging heavy when ripe."},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιβρίσειαν","gloss":"from above"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b24-l345","source":"ὣς φάτο, τοῦ δʼ αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον\n                  ἦτορ,","translation":"So he spoke, and Laertes' knees and dear heart gave way on the spot,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l345.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λύτο γούνατα","title":"\"His knees gave way\"","body":"\"His knees were loosened\" is a Homeric formula usually marking death in battle; here it conveys Laertes nearly fainting from overwhelming emotion as he recognizes his son."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"Formulaic line-opener φάτο, common closing tag for a speech in Homer."},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοῦ","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"λύτο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way","note":"λύτο γούνατα, a formulaic phrase for physical collapse from overwhelming emotion."},{"surface":"γούνατα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b24-l346","source":"σήματʼ ἀναγνόντος τά οἱ ἔμπεδα πέφραδʼ Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"as he knew the sure signs that Odysseus had pointed out.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l346.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σήματα","title":"Recognition tokens (sêmata)","body":"The σήματα are the concrete proofs—scar and named trees—by which a person is identified. Recognition by such signs is a recurring structural device throughout the Odyssey."}],"words":[{"surface":"σήματ","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀναγνόντος","gloss":"the signs/tokens"},{"surface":"ἀναγνόντος","lemma":"ἀναγιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"recognizing","note":"Genitive absolute-like participle: 'as he recognized' the proof-tokens Odysseus gave."},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πέφραδ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέφραδ᾽","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδα","lemma":"ἔμπεδα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέφραδ᾽","gloss":"surely/plainly"},{"surface":"πέφραδ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σήματ᾽","gloss":"pointed out"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέφραδ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b24-l347","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ παιδὶ φίλῳ βάλε πήχεε· τὸν δὲ ποτὶ οἷ","translation":"He threw both arms around his dear son, and much-enduring","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l347.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πήχεε","title":"Dual: \"both arms\"","body":"πήχεε is a dual form, denoting exactly the two forearms thrown around the son. Homer keeps the old dual number alive for naturally paired things like arms."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παιδὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"βάλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he threw"},{"surface":"πήχεε","lemma":"πῆχυς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of βάλε","gloss":"his two arms","note":"Dual number πήχεε, marking the paired arms — a vestige of Homeric dual grammar."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἷλεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"himself"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b24-l348","source":"εἷλεν ἀποψύχοντα πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"noble Odysseus drew him close as he was fainting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught/held"},{"surface":"ἀποψύχοντα","lemma":"ἀποψύχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fainting","note":"ἀποψύχω 'breathe out/faint' — Laertes overwhelmed, echoing swoon-scenes elsewhere in epic."},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"Stock epithet of Odysseus, marking his long suffering throughout the poem."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἷλεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b24-l349","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἄμπνυτο καὶ ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη,","translation":"But when he had caught his breath and his spirit gathered in his chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄμπνυτο","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"caught breath","note":"ἀναπνέω middle 'recovered breath,' picking up from the fainting of the previous line."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chest/mind"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγέρθη","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀγέρθη","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b24-l350","source":"ἐξαῦτις μύθοισιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε·","translation":"once more he spoke in answer and addressed him:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξαῦτις","lemma":"ἐξαῦτις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"μύθοισιν","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b24-l351","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥα ἔτʼ ἔστε θεοὶ κατὰ μακρὸν\n                     Ὄλυμπον,","translation":"\"Father Zeus, so you gods do still exist on high Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father","note":"Vocative 'Father Zeus,' a formulaic address opening a prayer-like exclamation."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστε","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἔστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὄλυμπον","gloss":"tall/great"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"Olympus"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b24-l352","source":"εἰ ἐτεὸν μνηστῆρες ἀτάσθαλον ὕβριν ἔτισαν.","translation":"if the suitors have truly paid for their reckless arrogance.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l352.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀτάσθαλον ὕβριν","title":"Reckless arrogance (hybris)","body":"ὕβρις paired with ἀτάσθαλος names the suitors' insolent, self-destructive overreach against the gods' order. Their punishment confirms that divine justice still operates."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἐτεὸν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔτισαν","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔτισαν","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλον","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕβριν","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"ὕβριν","lemma":"ὕβρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔτισαν","gloss":"arrogance"},{"surface":"ἔτισαν","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"paid for","note":"τίνω 'pay the penalty for' — Laertes' relief that the suitors' hubris was punished."}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b24-l353","source":"νῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μὴ τάχα πάντες","translation":"But now I am terribly afraid in my heart that soon all","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδοικα","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δείδοικα","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δείδοικα","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear","note":"Perfect δείδοικα used with present force, 'I am (now) afraid' — common epic perfect-as-present."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart/mind"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέλθωσιν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθακήσιοι","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b24-l354","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἐπέλθωσιν Ἰθακήσιοι, ἀγγελίας δὲ","translation":"the Ithacans will come against us here, and will send word","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐπέλθωσιν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐπέλθωσιν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"come against us"},{"surface":"Ἰθακήσιοι","lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπέλθωσιν","gloss":"the Ithacans"},{"surface":"ἀγγελίας","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐποτρύνωσι","gloss":"news/messages"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b24-l355","source":"πάντη ἐποτρύνωσι Κεφαλλήνων πολίεσσι.","translation":"everywhere to rouse the cities of the Cephallenians.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντη","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐποτρύνωσι","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνωσι","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"rouse/urge on"},{"surface":"Κεφαλλήνων","lemma":"Κεφαλλήν","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πολίεσσι","gloss":"of the Cephallenians","note":"Cephallenians: the wider people under Odysseus' rule, not just Ithaca proper."},{"surface":"πολίεσσι","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐποτρύνωσι","gloss":"cities"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b24-l356","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then resourceful Odysseus answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l356.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"The epithet \"resourceful Odysseus\"","body":"πολύμητις (\"of many counsels\") is Odysseus' signature formulaic epithet, filling the verse-end. Such fixed epithets are a hallmark of oral hexameter composition."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus' signature epithet, 'of many wiles/counsels.'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b24-l357","source":"θάρσει, μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων.","translation":"\"Take heart, and do not let these things trouble your mind.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"object of μελόντων","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of μελόντων","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μελόντων","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let trouble","note":"3rd-plural imperative μελόντων, 'let these things be a care'—an idiom meaning 'don't worry about it.'"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b24-l358","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν προτὶ οἶκον, ὃς ὀρχάτου ἐγγύθι κεῖται·","translation":"But let us go to the house that lies near the orchard;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ὀρχάτου","lemma":"ὄρχατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγγύθι","gloss":"of the orchard"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθι","lemma":"ἐγγύθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἶκον","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b24-l359","source":"ἔνθα δὲ Τηλέμαχον καὶ βουκόλον ἠδὲ συβώτην","translation":"there I sent ahead Telemachus and the cowherd and the swineherd,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of προὔπεμψ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βουκόλον","lemma":"βουκόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the cowherd"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συβώτην","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the swineherd"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b24-l360","source":"προὔπεμψʼ, ὡς ἂν δεῖπνον ἐφοπλίσσωσι τάχιστα.","translation":"so that they might make the meal ready as quickly as possible.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"προὔπεμψ","lemma":"προπέμπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I sent ahead"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(purpose marker)"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐφοπλίσσωσι","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"ἐφοπλίσσωσι","lemma":"ἐφοπλίζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"prepare","note":"Subjunctive with ὡς ἄν, epic purpose clause 'so that they might prepare.'"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐφοπλίσσωσι","gloss":"most quickly"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b24-l361","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντε βάτην πρὸς δώματα καλά.","translation":"So having spoken, the two went off toward the fine house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l361.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βάτην","title":"Dual verb: \"the two went\"","body":"βάτην is a dual aorist, marking father and son moving as a natural pair. Homer favors the dual for two persons acting together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσαντε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσαντε","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βάτην","gloss":"having spoken","note":"Dual participle φωνήσαντε, agreeing with the dual verb βάτην for the two men walking together."},{"surface":"βάτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"the two went"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b24-l362","source":"οἱ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκοντο δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας,","translation":"And when they reached the well-built dwelling,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὗρον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"δόμους","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκοντο","gloss":"dwelling"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετάοντας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετάοντας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies δόμους","gloss":"well-situated","note":"εὖ ναιετάοντας 'well-inhabited/well-built,' a standard Homeric formula for a good dwelling."}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b24-l363","source":"εὗρον Τηλέμαχον καὶ βουκόλον ἠδὲ συβώτην","translation":"they found Telemachus and the cowherd and the swineherd","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὗρον","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they found"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βουκόλον","lemma":"βουκόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the cowherd"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"συβώτην","lemma":"συβώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"the swineherd"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b24-l364","source":"ταμνομένους κρέα πολλὰ κερῶντάς τʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον.","translation":"carving plenty of meat and mixing the gleaming wine.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l364.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἴθοπα οἶνον","title":"\"Gleaming wine\"","body":"αἶθοψ (\"fiery, sparkling\") is a stock epithet for wine, evoking its glinting dark color. It belongs to Homer's repertoire of fixed phrases like \"wine-dark sea.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ταμνομένους","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"carving","note":"Participle describing ongoing work found in progress, matching English '...carving...mixing.'"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ταμνομένους","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"much/plenty"},{"surface":"κερῶντάς","lemma":"κεράω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mixing"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming/sparkling"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κερῶντάς","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b24-l365","source":"τόφρα δὲ Λαέρτην μεγαλήτορα ᾧ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ","translation":"Meanwhile, in the house, the great-hearted Laertes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"Λαέρτην","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λαέρτην","gloss":"great-hearted","note":"stock epic epithet, formulaic with heroes' names"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house","note":"ἐνὶ οἴκῳ: preposition split from its noun (tmesis-like word order), common in epic"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b24-l366","source":"ἀμφίπολος Σικελὴ λοῦσεν καὶ χρῖσεν ἐλαίῳ,","translation":"the Sicilian handmaid bathed and anointed with oil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Σικελὴ","lemma":"Σικελός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφίπολος","gloss":"Sicilian"},{"surface":"λοῦσεν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bathed","note":"λούω aorist: routine bathing scene, part of a recognition-type feast formula"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρῖσεν","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"anointed"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χρῖσεν","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b24-l367","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα χλαῖναν καλὴν βάλεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀθήνη","translation":"and threw a fine cloak about him. Then Athena,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαῖναν","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw","note":"ἀμφὶ...βάλεν: preposition-verb separated across the line, typical epic tmesis"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b24-l368","source":"ἄγχι παρισταμένη μέλεʼ ἤλδανε ποιμένι λαῶν,","translation":"standing close beside him, filled out the limbs of the shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l368.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ποιμένι λαῶν","title":"\"Shepherd of the people\"","body":"ποιμὴν λαῶν is a recurring epithet for kings and leaders, casting the ruler as a herdsman caring for his flock. Athena restores this kingly vigor to the aged Laertes."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρισταμένη","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"παρισταμένη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἤλδανε","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"μέλε","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤλδανε","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"ἤλδανε","lemma":"ἀλδαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled out","note":"ἀλδαίνω: rare verb, divine transformation motif also used for Odysseus/Telemachus"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέλε᾽","gloss":"shepherd"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people","note":"ποιμένι λαῶν: classic Homeric formula 'shepherd of the people' for a leader"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b24-l369","source":"μείζονα δʼ ἠὲ πάρος καὶ πάσσονα θῆκεν ἰδέσθαι.","translation":"and made him taller than before and broader to behold.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μείζονα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"taller"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάσσονα","lemma":"πάσσων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"broader","note":"πάσσων: comparative of παχύς, Homeric form 'stouter/broader'"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"to behold","note":"epexegetic infinitive: 'made him X to look at,' common Homeric idiom"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b24-l370","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἀσαμίνθου βῆ· θαύμαζε δέ μιν φίλος υἱός,","translation":"He stepped out of the bath; and his dear son marveled at him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσαμίνθου","lemma":"ἀσάμινθος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"bath","note":"ἀσάμινθος: Homeric word for a bathtub, rare outside epic"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"θαύμαζε","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θαύμαζε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θαύμαζε","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b24-l371","source":"ὡς ἴδεν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖς ἐναλίγκιον ἄντην·","translation":"when he saw him face to face, like the immortal gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when, as"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐναλίγκιον","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιον","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"like","note":"ἐναλίγκιος + dative: 'like to the gods,' standard epic comparison of a hero's radiance"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b24-l372","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And he spoke to him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l372.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"\"Winged words\"","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα (\"winged words\") is among the most frequent Homeric formulas introducing direct speech, picturing words flying from speaker to hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα: the famous Homeric formula 'winged words,' introducing direct speech"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b24-l373","source":"ὦ πάτερ, ἦ μάλα τίς σε θεῶν αἰειγενετάων","translation":"\"Father, surely one of the everlasting gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father","note":"vocative address opening Telemachus's speech to Laertes"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"αἰειγενετάων","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"everlasting","note":"αἰειγενέτης: epic compound 'ever-born,' epithet reserved for the gods"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b24-l374","source":"εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε ἀμείνονα θῆκεν ἰδέσθαι.","translation":"has made you better to behold in form and stature.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶδός","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"form"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγεθός","lemma":"μέγεθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"stature"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμείνονα","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"complement of θῆκεν","gloss":"better","note":"ἀμείνονα: comparative predicate paired with the infinitive ἰδέσθαι, 'better to behold'"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies ἀμείνονα","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b24-l375","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Λαέρτης πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Laertes spoke to him in reply:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Λαέρτης","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Λαέρτης","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος: perfect participle 'having good sense,' formulaic epithet for wise speakers"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b24-l376","source":"αἲ γάρ, Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον,","translation":"\"Would, by Father Zeus and Athena and Apollo,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would that","note":"αἲ γάρ: optative wish formula, 'if only' — introduces Laertes's counterfactual"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄπολλον","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Apollo","note":"triad of gods invoked in a vow/wish, typical epic invocation"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b24-l377","source":"οἷος Νήρικον εἷλον, ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,","translation":"that, as I was when I took Nericum, the well-built citadel,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"Νήρικον","lemma":"Νήρικος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Nericus","note":"place name: a citadel Laertes recalls capturing in his youth"},{"surface":"εἷλον","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ἐϋκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b24-l378","source":"ἀκτὴν ἠπείροιο, Κεφαλλήνεσσιν ἀνάσσων,","translation":"a headland of the mainland, while I ruled the Cephallenians—","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀκτὴν","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"headland"},{"surface":"ἠπείροιο","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of the mainland"},{"surface":"Κεφαλλήνεσσιν","lemma":"Κεφαλλήν","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνάσσων","gloss":"Cephallenians","note":"the people Laertes ruled, Odysseus's broader kingdom"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσων","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷλον","gloss":"ruling"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b24-l379","source":"τοῖος ἐών τοι χθιζὸς ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισιν,","translation":"that being such a man I had stood yesterday in our house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖος","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such a man"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χθιζὸς","lemma":"χθιζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yesterday","note":"χθιζός 'yesterday' — Laertes wishes his youthful strength had been present at yesterday's slaying of the suitors (Book 24 is the morning after)."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροισι","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b24-l380","source":"τεύχεʼ ἔχων ὤμοισιν, ἐφεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν","translation":"with armor on my shoulders, to stand by you and fight off","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"ὤμοισιν","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"on my shoulders"},{"surface":"ἐφεστάμεναι","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to stand by","note":"perfect infinitive ἐφεστάμεναι used with present force, 'to be standing by'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύνειν","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to fight off"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b24-l381","source":"ἄνδρας μνηστῆρας· τῷ κε σφέων γούνατʼ ἔλυσα","translation":"the suitors! Then I would have loosened the knees of many","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l381.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γούνατʼ ἔλυσα","title":"\"Loosened their knees\"","body":"\"To loosen the knees\" is the standard Homeric idiom for killing a man in battle. Laertes wishes he could have struck down many suitors himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμύνειν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"then","note":"τῷ κε + aorist indicative: past unreal condition, 'then I would have loosened'"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have (particle)"},{"surface":"σφέων","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γούνατ᾽","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσα","gloss":"knees","note":"γούνατα λύω: Homeric idiom 'loosen the knees' meaning to kill in battle"},{"surface":"ἔλυσα","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosened"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b24-l382","source":"πολλῶν ἐν μεγάροισι, σὺ δὲ φρένας ἔνδον ἐγήθεις.","translation":"of them in the halls, and you would have rejoiced at heart within.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλῶν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σφέων","gloss":"of many"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγήθεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐγήθεις","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγήθεις","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἐγήθεις","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have rejoiced"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b24-l383","source":"ὣς οἷ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον.","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were saying","note":"line-closing formula ὣς οἱ μὲν...ἀγόρευον marks a scene transition"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b24-l384","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα,","translation":"But the others, when they had ceased their labor and prepared the feast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"παύσαντο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"ceased"},{"surface":"πόνου","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσαντο","gloss":"of labor"},{"surface":"τετύκοντό","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"prepared","note":"τεύχω 'make/prepare,' here of readying the feast"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τετύκοντό","gloss":"feast"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b24-l385","source":"ἑξείης ἕζοντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε·","translation":"sat down in order on the couches and the chairs.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζοντο","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"ἕζοντο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κλισμούς","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"couches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρόνους","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"chairs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b24-l386","source":"ἔνθʼ οἱ μὲν δείπνῳ ἐπεχείρεον, ἀγχίμολον δὲ","translation":"There they were setting to the meal, when close at hand","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπεχείρεον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"δείπνῳ","lemma":"δεῖπνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεχείρεον","gloss":"to the meal"},{"surface":"ἐπεχείρεον","lemma":"ἐπιχειρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were setting"},{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθ᾽","gloss":"close at hand"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b24-l387","source":"ἦλθʼ ὁ γέρων Δολίος, σὺν δʼ υἱεῖς τοῖο γέροντος,","translation":"came old Dolius, and with him the old man's sons,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"Δολίος","lemma":"Δολίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Dolius","note":"Dolius: old servant, father of Melanthius/Melantho, loyal to the household"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱεῖς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γέροντος","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γέροντος","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱεῖς","gloss":"old man's"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b24-l388","source":"ἐξ ἔργων μογέοντες, ἐπεὶ προμολοῦσα κάλεσσεν","translation":"weary from their work, for their mother had gone out and called them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἔργων","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"μογέοντες","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"toiling"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"προμολοῦσα","lemma":"προβλώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κάλεσσεν","gloss":"having come out","note":"προβλώσκω: rare epic verb 'go forth,' here of the mother fetching her sons"},{"surface":"κάλεσσεν","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"called"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b24-l389","source":"μήτηρ γρηῦς Σικελή, ἥ σφεας τρέφε καί ῥα γέροντα","translation":"the old Sicilian woman, who raised them and tended the old man","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"γρηῦς","lemma":"γραῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"old woman"},{"surface":"Σικελή","lemma":"Σικελός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γρηῦς","gloss":"Sicilian"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τρέφε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"τρέφε","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"raised"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"γέροντα","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κομέεσκεν","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b24-l390","source":"ἐνδυκέως κομέεσκεν, ἐπεὶ κατὰ γῆρας ἔμαρψεν.","translation":"carefully, now that age had taken hold of him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνδυκέως","lemma":"ἐνδυκέως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κομέεσκεν","gloss":"carefully"},{"surface":"κομέεσκεν","lemma":"κομέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"tended","note":"κομέεσκεν: iterative imperfect, 'used to tend/care for,' habitual epic form"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down upon"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔμαρψεν","gloss":"old age"},{"surface":"ἔμαρψεν","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had taken hold"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b24-l391","source":"οἱ δʼ ὡς οὖν Ὀδυσῆα ἴδον φράσσαντό τε θυμῷ,","translation":"When they saw Odysseus and knew him in their hearts,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσταν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when, as"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"φράσσαντό","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"recognized","note":"φράζω middle: 'perceived/realized,' marks the recognition scene"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φράσσαντό","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b24-l392","source":"ἔσταν ἐνὶ μεγάροισι τεθηπότες· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"they stood in the halls amazed; but Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"τεθηπότες","lemma":"τέθηπα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσταν","gloss":"amazed","note":"τεθηπότες: perfect participle of an old root meaning 'be stunned,' vivid reaction verb"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b24-l393","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσι καθαπτόμενος προσέειπεν·","translation":"spoke to them, greeting them with gentle words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μειλιχίοις","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"gentle","note":"formulaic epithet pairing with ἐπέεσσι, 'gentle words'"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"καθαπτόμενος","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"addressing","note":"middle voice: 'taking hold of' someone verbally, i.e. addressing them"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b24-l394","source":"ὦ γέρον, ἵζʼ ἐπὶ δεῖπνον, ἀπεκλελάθεσθε δὲ\n                     θάμβευς·","translation":"\"Old man, sit down to the meal, and let go your astonishment;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"vocative of direct address, 'γέρον' = 'old man'"},{"surface":"ἵζ","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sit"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the meal"},{"surface":"ἀπεκλελάθεσθε","lemma":"ἀπεκλανθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forget","note":"middle imperative of a compound verb, 'let go of' + genitive object"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάμβευς","lemma":"θάμβος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπεκλελάθεσθε","gloss":"astonishment"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b24-l395","source":"δηρὸν γὰρ σίτῳ ἐπιχειρήσειν μεμαῶτες","translation":"for though eager to set to the food, we have long been","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μίμνομεν","gloss":"long","note":"neuter accusative adjective used adverbially, 'for a long time'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σίτῳ","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιχειρήσειν","gloss":"the food"},{"surface":"ἐπιχειρήσειν","lemma":"ἐπιχειρέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαῶτες","gloss":"to set to"},{"surface":"μεμαῶτες","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μίμνομεν","gloss":"eager","note":"epic perfect participle of μέμαα, 'being eager/straining' — no present tense"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b24-l396","source":"μίμνομεν ἐν μεγάροις, ὑμέας ποτιδέγμενοι αἰεί.","translation":"waiting here in the halls, always expecting you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίμνομεν","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we waited"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ὑμέας","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative plural pronoun","role":"object of ποτιδέγμενοι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμενοι","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μίμνομεν","gloss":"expecting","note":"epic form of προσδέχομαι, 'awaiting'"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποτιδέγμενοι","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b24-l397","source":"ὣς ἄρ ἔφη, Δολίος δʼ ἰθὺς κίε χεῖρε πετάσσας","translation":"So he spoke, and Dolius came straight up with both hands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"Δολίος","lemma":"Δολίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κίε","gloss":"Dolius"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to Δολίος","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"χεῖρε","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of πετάσσας","gloss":"his two hands","note":"dual number χεῖρε, marking exactly two hands, preserved in Homeric Greek"},{"surface":"πετάσσας","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"spreading"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b24-l398","source":"ἀμφοτέρας, Ὀδυσεῦς δὲ λαβὼν κύσε χεῖρʼ ἐπὶ καρπῷ,","translation":"spread wide; and Odysseus took his hand and kissed it at the wrist,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρας","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρε","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεῦς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῖρ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κύσε","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"κύσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed"},{"surface":"χεῖρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"καρπῷ","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the wrist"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b24-l399","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and he spoke to him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"Homeric formula ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words' — a standard speech-introduction epithet"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b24-l400","source":"ὦ φίλʼ, ἐπεὶ νόστησας ἐελδομένοισι μάλʼ ἡμῖν","translation":"\"Dear friend, since you have come home to us who longed for you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dear friend","note":"vocative of φίλος used substantively as an address, 'dear one'"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"νόστησας","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"you came home"},{"surface":"ἐελδομένοισι","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"longing for","note":"present participle of ἔλδομαι, 'yearning/longing', modifying the implied 'us'"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐελδομένοισι","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of νόστησας","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b24-l401","source":"οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ὀϊομένοισι, θεοὶ δέ σʼ ἀνήγαγον αὐτοί,","translation":"and no longer expected you, and the gods themselves have brought you back,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀϊομένοισι","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ὀϊομένοισι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"expecting","note":"present participle of οἴομαι, 'thinking/expecting', paired with ἐελδομένοισι above"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνήγαγον","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀνήγαγον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἀνήγαγον","lemma":"ἀνάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"brought back"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves","note":"intensive αὐτοί, 'the gods themselves' — emphasizes divine agency"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b24-l402","source":"οὖλέ τε καὶ μάλα χαῖρε, θεοὶ δέ τοι ὄλβια δοῖεν.","translation":"welcome, and great joy to you, and may the gods grant you blessings.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l402.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄλβια","title":"\"Blessings\" (olbia)","body":"ὄλβια denotes prosperity and blessed good fortune granted by the gods. The wish frames Odysseus' return as a divine favor that should overflow onto his loyal servants."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὖλέ","lemma":"οὔλω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"welcome","note":"rare imperative οὖλέ, an archaic greeting formula, 'be well/hail'"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoice"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δοῖεν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὄλβια","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"blessings"},{"surface":"δοῖεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may grant","note":"aorist optative of wish, δοῖεν, 'may they grant'"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b24-l403","source":"καί μοι τοῦτʼ ἀγόρευσον ἐτήτυμον, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῶ,","translation":"And tell me this truly, so that I may know it well:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τοῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευσον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμον","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευσον","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐῢ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδῶ","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδῶ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may know","note":"perfect subjunctive εἰδῶ, 'know', in a purpose clause with ὄφρα"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b24-l404","source":"ἢ ἤδη σάφα οἶδε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια","translation":"does prudent Penelope already know clearly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδε","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδε","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"prudent","note":"stock epithet περίφρων, 'circumspect/prudent', regularly paired with Penelope"},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of οἶδε","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b24-l405","source":"νοστήσαντά σε δεῦρʼ, ἦ ἄγγελον ὀτρύνωμεν.","translation":"that you have come back here, or shall we send a messenger?\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοστήσαντά","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having returned"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of οἶδε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστήσαντά","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἄγγελον","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνωμεν","gloss":"a messenger"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνωμεν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"shall we send"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b24-l406","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","translation":"Then resourceful Odysseus answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"stock epithet πολύμητις, 'of many wiles', the signature Odysseus epithet"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b24-l407","source":"ὦ γέρον, ἤδη οἶδε· τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα πένεσθαι;","translation":"\"Old man, she knows already. Why should you trouble yourself with that?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδε","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she knows"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of πένεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is needful","note":"impersonal verb χρή + accusative subject σε, 'you must/need'"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πένεσθαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"πένεσθαι","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"trouble yourself"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b24-l408","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὁ δʼ αὖτις ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐϋξέστου ἐπὶ\n                  δίφρου.","translation":"So he spoke, and Dolius sat down again on the polished stool.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐϋξέστου","lemma":"εὔξεστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρου","gloss":"polished","note":"εὔξεστος, 'well-planed/polished', a formulaic furniture epithet"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δίφρου","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the stool"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b24-l409","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως παῖδες Δολίου κλυτὸν ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα","translation":"And in the same way the sons of Dolius, around famous Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δεικανόωντ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δεικανόωντ᾽","gloss":"likewise"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δεικανόωντ᾽","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Δολίου","lemma":"Δολίος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"of Dolius"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"famous","note":"stock epithet κλυτός, 'renowned', attached to Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b24-l410","source":"δεικανόωντʼ ἐπέεσσι καὶ ἐν χείρεσσι φύοντο,","translation":"greeted him with words and clung to his hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεικανόωντ","lemma":"δεικανάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"greeted"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δεικανόωντ᾽","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"φύοντο","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clung","note":"φύοντο, literally 'grew onto/attached themselves', a vivid image of clasping hands"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b24-l411","source":"ἑξείης δʼ ἕζοντο παραὶ Δολίον, πατέρα σφόν.","translation":"and then sat down in order beside Dolius, their father.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζοντο","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕζοντο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"παραὶ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Δολίον","lemma":"Δολίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"Dolius"},{"surface":"πατέρα","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"σφόν","lemma":"σφός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"their own","note":"possessive σφός, 'their own', referring back to the sons"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b24-l412","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν περὶ δεῖπνον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι πένοντο·","translation":"So they busied themselves with the meal in the halls.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πένοντο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"the meal"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"πένοντο","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were busy"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b24-l413","source":"Ὄσσα δʼ ἄρʼ ἄγγελος ὦκα κατὰ πτόλιν ᾤχετο πάντη,","translation":"But Rumor went swiftly as a messenger throughout the city everywhere,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ὄσσα","lemma":"Ὄσσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ᾤχετο","gloss":"Rumor","note":"Ὄσσα personified, 'Rumor/Report', a divine-like messenger figure"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as messenger"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πτόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ᾤχετο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πάντη","lemma":"πάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"everywhere"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b24-l414","source":"μνηστήρων στυγερὸν θάνατον καὶ κῆρʼ ἐνέπουσα.","translation":"telling of the hateful death and doom of the suitors.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστήρων","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of the suitors"},{"surface":"στυγερὸν","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατον","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐνέπουσα","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ᾤχετο","gloss":"telling"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b24-l415","source":"οἱ δʼ ἄρʼ ὁμῶς ἀΐοντες ἐφοίτων ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος","translation":"And the people, hearing it together, came thronging from every side","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφοίτων","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀΐοντες","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἀΐοντες","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφοίτων","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"ἐφοίτων","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came thronging"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφοίτων","gloss":"from one place","note":"ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος, 'one from here, one from there' — distributive idiom for a crowd converging"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b24-l416","source":"μυχμῷ τε στοναχῇ τε δόμων προπάροιθʼ Ὀδυσῆος,","translation":"with moaning and groaning before the house of Odysseus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυχμῷ","lemma":"μυχμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with moaning"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στοναχῇ","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"with wailing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόμων","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθ᾽","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"προπάροιθ","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμων","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b24-l417","source":"ἐκ δὲ νέκυς οἴκων φόρεον καὶ θάπτον ἕκαστοι,","translation":"They carried the dead out of the house and buried them, each his own,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέκυς","lemma":"νέκυς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φόρεον","gloss":"the dead"},{"surface":"οἴκων","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"from the houses"},{"surface":"φόρεον","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάπτον","lemma":"θάπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"buried"},{"surface":"ἕκαστοι","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b24-l418","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἐξ ἀλλάων πολίων οἶκόνδε ἕκαστον","translation":"and those from other cities they sent each one homeward,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπον","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἀλλάων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πολίων","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"πολίων","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐξ","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέμπον","gloss":"homeward","note":"directional suffix -δε on οἶκόνδε, 'to home', a common Homeric motion marker"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each one"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b24-l419","source":"πέμπον ἄγειν ἁλιεῦσι θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ τιθέντες·","translation":"placing them on swift ships for the fishermen to carry.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμπον","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sent"},{"surface":"ἄγειν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πέμπον","gloss":"to carry"},{"surface":"ἁλιεῦσι","lemma":"ἁλιεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπον","gloss":"to fishermen"},{"surface":"θοῇς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τιθέντες","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄγειν","gloss":"placing"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b24-l420","source":"αὐτοὶ δʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν κίον ἀθρόοι, ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ.","translation":"Then they themselves went in a body to the assembly, grieving at heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the assembly"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in a body"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενοι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κίον","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀχνύμενοι","gloss":"at heart","note":"accusative of respect κῆρ, 'in respect to the heart' — grieving at heart"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b24-l421","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἤγερθεν ὁμηγερέες τʼ ἐγένοντο,","translation":"And when they were gathered and come together,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤγερθεν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"were gathered","note":"passive aorist of ἀγείρω 'gather'; epic -θεν ending for 3pl passive."},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέες","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"assembled together","note":"predicate adjective 'gathered together', reinforcing ἤγερθεν."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"came together"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b24-l422","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Εὐπείθης ἀνά θʼ ἵστατο καὶ μετέειπε·","translation":"Eupeithes rose up among them and spoke:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθης","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Eupeithes","note":"father of Antinous; his grief drives this whole assembly scene."},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵστατο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood up","note":"ἀνά...ἵστατο is a 'tmesis': preverb ἀνά separated from ἵστατο, common in Homeric verse."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b24-l423","source":"παιδὸς γάρ οἱ ἄλαστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πένθος ἔκειτο,","translation":"for unforgettable grief for his son lay upon his heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l423.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄλαστον πένθος","title":"\"Unforgettable grief\"","body":"ἄλαστον πένθος is grief that cannot be forgotten or laid to rest. The phrase marks Eupeithes' sorrow as the driving force of his call for vengeance."}],"words":[{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"for his son"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies παιδὸς","gloss":"for him","note":"dative of ἕ, possessive/reference dative attached to παιδὸς 'his son'."},{"surface":"ἄλαστον","lemma":"ἄλαστος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πένθος","gloss":"unforgettable"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"πένθος","lemma":"πένθος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκειτο","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay","note":"κεῖμαι used metaphorically: grief 'lies' in the heart, common Homeric idiom for a fixed emotional state."}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b24-l424","source":"Ἀντινόου, τὸν πρῶτον ἐνήρατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"for Antinous, whom noble Odysseus had killed first.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντινόου","lemma":"Ἀντίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"Antinous","note":"genitive continuing παιδὸς from prior line: 'his son, Antinous'."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνήρατο","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἐνήρατο","lemma":"ἐναίρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀντινόου","gloss":"had killed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς is a fixed Homeric epithet-formula for Odysseus."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνήρατο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b24-l425","source":"τοῦ ὅ γε δάκρυ χέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·","translation":"Weeping for him, he addressed the assembly and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to χέων","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέων","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"pouring","note":"δάκρυ χέων 'pouring tears' is a stock Homeric formula for weeping while speaking."},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed the assembly"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπεν","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b24-l426","source":"ὦ φίλοι, ἦ μέγα ἔργον ἀνὴρ ὅδʼ ἐμήσατʼ\n                     Ἀχαιούς·","translation":"\"Friends, truly this man has plotted a great evil against the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends","note":"vocative with implied noun elided ('oh friends')."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμήσατ᾽","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμήσατ᾽","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐμήσατ","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has plotted","note":"μήδομαι 'plot, devise' — cognate with μῆτις, the very cunning behind Odysseus's epithet πολύμητις; Eupeithes turns it bitterly against him."},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐμήσατ᾽","gloss":"against the Achaeans"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b24-l427","source":"τοὺς μὲν σὺν νήεσσιν ἄγων πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς","translation":"Some he led away in his ships, many and brave,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νήεσσιν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὺς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"brave"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b24-l428","source":"ὤλεσε μὲν νῆας γλαφυράς, ἀπὸ δʼ ὤλεσε λαούς·","translation":"and he lost the hollow ships and lost the men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤλεσε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he lost"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὤλεσε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"γλαφυράς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"hollow","note":"γλαφυρός 'hollow, curved' is a standard formulaic epithet for ships in Homer."},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤλεσε","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lost","note":"ἀπὸ...ὤλεσε tmesis, preverb separated by δ᾽ from the verb."},{"surface":"λαούς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὤλεσε","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b24-l429","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἐλθὼν ἔκτεινε Κεφαλλήνων ὄχʼ ἀρίστους,","translation":"and now, coming home, he has killed the very best of the Cephallenians.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"these ones"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκτεινε","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"ἔκτεινε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"Κεφαλλήνων","lemma":"Κεφαλλήν","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"of the Cephallenians"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far","note":"ὄχα 'by far' intensifies the superlative ἀρίστους 'the very best'."},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b24-l430","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετε, πρὶν τοῦτον ἢ ἐς Πύλον ὦκα ἱκέσθαι","translation":"But come, before this man can quickly reach either Pylos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγετε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε(τε) is a fixed exhortatory particle-verb, 'come on!', urging collective action."},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"Pylos","note":"Pylos, Nestor's kingdom, one of the two possible refuges named for Telemachus/Odysseus."},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"reach"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b24-l431","source":"ἢ καὶ ἐς Ἤλιδα δῖαν, ὅθι κρατέουσιν Ἐπειοί,","translation":"or bright Elis, where the Epeans hold sway,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἤλιδα","lemma":"Ἦλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Elis"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δι~ος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἤλιδα","gloss":"bright","note":"δῖος/δῖαν 'shining, bright' is a generic Homeric epithet applied to places as well as people."},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρατέουσιν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κρατέουσιν","lemma":"κρατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἤλιδα","gloss":"hold sway"},{"surface":"Ἐπειοί","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κρατέουσιν","gloss":"Epeans"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b24-l432","source":"ἴομεν· ἦ καὶ ἔπειτα κατηφέες ἐσσόμεθʼ αἰεί·","translation":"let us go; or else we shall be downcast forever after.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go","note":"hortatory subjunctive 1pl, 'let us go' - a call to action."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or else"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσόμεθ᾽","gloss":"thereafter"},{"surface":"κατηφέες","lemma":"κατηφής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"downcast"},{"surface":"ἐσσόμεθ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shall be"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσόμεθ᾽","gloss":"forever"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b24-l433","source":"λώβη γὰρ τάδε γʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι,","translation":"For this is a disgrace even for men yet to come to hear of,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l433.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λώβη","title":"Disgrace (lôbê)","body":"λώβη is outrage or shame that stains one's honor. Eupeithes argues that failing to take revenge would brand the Ithacans with lasting disgrace in the eyes of posterity."}],"words":[{"surface":"λώβη","lemma":"λώβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a disgrace","note":"λώβη 'outrage, disgrace' as predicate noun, strong moral judgment opening the sentence for emphasis."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐσσομένοισι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of πυθέσθαι","gloss":"for men to come","note":"future participle used substantively, 'those who will be' = future generations."},{"surface":"πυθέσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies λώβη","gloss":"to hear of"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b24-l434","source":"εἰ δὴ μὴ παίδων τε κασιγνήτων τε φονῆας","translation":"if we do not take vengeance on the slayers of our sons","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"παίδων","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of sons"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτων","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of brothers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φονῆας","lemma":"φονεύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τισόμεθ᾽","gloss":"slayers"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b24-l435","source":"τισόμεθʼ. οὐκ ἂν ἐμοί γε μετὰ φρεσὶν ἡδὺ γένοιτο","translation":"and our brothers. To my mind it would be no sweet thing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τισόμεθ","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"we take vengeance on","note":"future/aorist subjunctive of τίνω 'punish, exact requital', the clause's main verb held back from previous line."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένοιτο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"modifies μετὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be","note":"aorist optative γένοιτο with ἄν = potential optative, 'it would not become'."}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b24-l436","source":"ζωέμεν, ἀλλὰ τάχιστα θανὼν φθιμένοισι μετείην.","translation":"to go on living; rather, let me die at once and be among the dead.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l436.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θανὼν φθιμένοισι μετείην","title":"Optative of wish","body":"μετείην is a present optative expressing Eupeithes' wish to be among the dead. The optative is Homer's standard mood for stating a longed-for outcome."}],"words":[{"surface":"ζωέμεν","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"to live"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θανὼν","gloss":"most quickly"},{"surface":"θανὼν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετείην","gloss":"having died"},{"surface":"φθιμένοισι","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of μετείην","gloss":"among the dead"},{"surface":"μετείην","lemma":"μέτειμι","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let me be","note":"optative of wish, μέτειμι 'be among' - Eupeithes wishing for death over dishonor."}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b24-l437","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν, μὴ φθέωσι περαιωθέντες ἐκεῖνοι.","translation":"But let us go, before they get across to the mainland ahead of us.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"φθέωσι","lemma":"φθάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to μὴ","gloss":"get ahead","note":"φθάνω 'anticipate, get there first' + participle περαιωθέντες: 'lest they cross over before us'."},{"surface":"περαιωθέντες","lemma":"περαιόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φθέωσι","gloss":"having crossed over"},{"surface":"ἐκεῖνοι","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φθέωσι","gloss":"those men"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b24-l438","source":"ὣς φάτο δάκρυ χέων, οἶκτος δʼ ἕλε πάντας\n                  Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"So he spoke, weeping, and pity seized all the Achaeans.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"φάτο, archaic middle aorist of φημί, common formula closing a speech: 'so he spoke'."},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of χέων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"χέων","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"pouring"},{"surface":"οἶκτος","lemma":"οἶκτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"pity"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b24-l439","source":"ἀγχίμολον δέ σφʼ ἦλθε Μέδων καὶ θεῖος ἀοιδὸς","translation":"But close at hand came Medon and the divine singer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολον","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"close at hand"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγχίμολον","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Μέδων","lemma":"Μέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Medon","note":"herald spared by Telemachus/Odysseus in book 22, now brings word of the gods' role."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῖος","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὸς","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸς","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"singer","note":"θεῖος ἀοιδός, the bard Phemius, another spared figure returning to the narrative."}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b24-l440","source":"ἐκ μεγάρων Ὀδυσῆος, ἐπεί σφεας ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν,","translation":"out of the halls of Odysseus, when sleep had released them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"μεγάρων","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μεγάρων","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκεν","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"released"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b24-l441","source":"ἔσταν δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι· τάφος δʼ ἕλεν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον.","translation":"They took their stand in the middle, and astonishment seized every man.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took their stand"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσοισι","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"midst"},{"surface":"τάφος","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἕλεν","gloss":"astonishment","note":"τάφος 'amazement, stupor' seizing the crowd, a common Homeric reaction formula."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b24-l442","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε Μέδων πεπνυμένα εἰδώς·","translation":"And among them spoke Medon, skilled in prudent counsel:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Μέδων","lemma":"Μέδων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετέειπε","gloss":"Medon"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένα","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"prudent things","note":"πεπνυμένα εἰδώς 'knowing prudent things' is a formulaic phrase marking a wise speaker."},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Μέδων","gloss":"knowing"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b24-l443","source":"κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι· οὐ γὰρ\n                     Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"\"Hear me now, men of Ithaca; for it was not without","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυτε, perfect-form imperative used as a solemn 'hear!' formula opening public speeches."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκλυτε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέκλυτε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ἰθακήσιοι","lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"men of Ithaca"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμήσατο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b24-l444","source":"ἀθανάτων ἀέκητι θεῶν τάδʼ ἐμήσατο ἔργα·","translation":"the will of the immortal gods that Odysseus contrived these deeds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l444.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐμήσατο","title":"Aorist middle","body":"ἐμήσατο is aorist middle of μήδομαι, 'devise, contrive.' The middle voice marks the action as done by and for the subject's own purpose."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ἀέκητι","lemma":"ἀέκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμήσατο","gloss":"against the will","note":"ἀέκητι + genitive 'against the will of', absolving Odysseus of full responsibility."},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέκητι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τάδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἐμήσατο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"contrived"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμήσατο","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b24-l445","source":"αὐτὸς ἐγὼν εἶδον θεὸν ἄμβροτον, ὅς ῥʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ","translation":"I myself saw an immortal god, who stood close beside","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶδον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εἶδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶδον","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἄμβροτον","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆϊ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐγγύθεν","gloss":"to/beside Odysseus"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b24-l446","source":"ἐγγύθεν ἑστήκει καὶ Μέντορι πάντα ἐῴκει.","translation":"Odysseus and looked in every way like Mentor.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"close by","note":"ἐγγύθεν ἑστήκει 'had stood close by', describing Athena disguised as Mentor beside Odysseus."},{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"had stood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Μέντορι","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐῴκει","gloss":"Mentor","note":"the god is Athena, disguised throughout the poem as the old family friend Mentor."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐῴκει","gloss":"in every way"},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"resembled"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b24-l447","source":"ἀθάνατος δὲ θεὸς τοτὲ μὲν προπάροιθʼ Ὀδυσῆος","translation":"And the immortal god at one moment appeared in front of Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l447.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τοτὲ μὲν … τοτὲ δὲ","title":"Correlative men/de","body":"The pair τοτὲ μέν … τοτὲ δέ ('at one time … at another') balances two alternating moments, a classic use of the men/de structure."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατος","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"τοτὲ","lemma":"τοτέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φαίνετο","gloss":"at one time"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"προπάροιθ","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in front of","note":"τοτὲ μὲν...τοτὲ δὲ 'at one time...at another' correlative pattern describing the god's shifting appearances."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προπάροιθ᾽","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b24-l448","source":"φαίνετο θαρσύνων, τοτὲ δὲ μνηστῆρας ὀρίνων","translation":"giving him courage, and at another, driving the suitors in panic,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"θαρσύνων","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φαίνετο","gloss":"giving courage"},{"surface":"τοτὲ","lemma":"τοτέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θῦνε","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀρίνων","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ὀρίνων","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῦνε","gloss":"stirring up","note":"ὀρίνων 'stirring, throwing into panic' - the god actively unsettles the suitors in battle."}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b24-l449","source":"θῦνε κατὰ μέγαρον· τοὶ δʼ ἀγχιστῖνοι ἔπιπτον.","translation":"he raged through the hall; and they fell in heaps, one upon another.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῦνε","lemma":"θύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raged","note":"θύνω 'rage/rush' - vivid epic verb for battle-frenzy through the hall"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μέγαρον","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the hall"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπιπτον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγχιστῖνοι","lemma":"ἀγχιστῖνος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in heaps","note":"ἀγχιστῖνοι 'crowded close together' - rare adjective vividly describing bodies falling one on another"},{"surface":"ἔπιπτον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b24-l450","source":"ὣς φάτο, τοὺς δʼ ἄρα πάντας ὑπὸ χλωρὸν δέος\n                  ᾕρει.","translation":"So he spoke, and pale fear took hold of them all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l450.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χλωρὸν δέος","title":"\"Pale fear\"","body":"χλωρὸν δέος, literally 'green/pale dread,' is a fixed Homeric phrase for the bloodless pallor that grips a terrified person."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φάτο - deponent aorist of φημί, common formulaic speech-closing verb"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ᾕρει","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοὺς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χλωρὸν","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"pale","note":"χλωρὸν δέος 'pale/green fear' - Homeric formula linking fear to a sickly color"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ᾕρει","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ᾕρει","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized","note":"ᾕρει - imperfect of αἱρέω 'take hold of', vivid personification of fear gripping them"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b24-l451","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε γέρων ἥρως Ἁλιθέρσης","translation":"And among them spoke also the old hero Halitherses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"old man","note":"γέρων ἥρως - stock epithet pairing 'old man' and 'hero', marking the speaker's honored status"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἁλιθέρσης","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"Ἁλιθέρσης","lemma":"Ἁλιθέρσης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Halitherses"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b24-l452","source":"Μαστορίδης· ὁ γὰρ οἶος ὅρα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω·","translation":"son of Mastor; for he alone saw both before and behind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μαστορίδης","lemma":"Μαστορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἁλιθέρσης","gloss":"son of Mastor"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὅρα","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"οἶος 'alone' stresses his unique gift of foresight, setting up the next clause"},{"surface":"ὅρα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"πρόσσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"forward","note":"πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω 'forward and backward' - formula for prophetic vision of future and past"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"backward"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b24-l453","source":"ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε·","translation":"With good will toward them he addressed and spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἐϋφρονέων","lemma":"εὐφρονέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"with good will"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b24-l454","source":"κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν\n                     εἴπω·","translation":"\"Hear me now, men of Ithaca, in what I shall say:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυτε - perfect-form imperative of κλύω, the standard epic opening for a public address"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέκλυτε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ἰθακήσιοι","lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"men of Ithaca"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"I shall say"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b24-l455","source":"ὑμετέρῃ κακότητι, φίλοι, τάδε ἔργα γένοντο·","translation":"through your own cowardice, friends, these deeds have come to pass.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμετέρῃ","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κακότητι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"κακότητι","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γένοντο","gloss":"cowardice","note":"κακότητι 'through your own baseness' - dative of cause blaming the townsmen for failing to restrain the suitors"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of γένοντο","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"γένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came to pass"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b24-l456","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἐμοὶ πείθεσθʼ, οὐ Μέντορι ποιμένι λαῶν,","translation":"For you did not obey me, nor Mentor, shepherd of the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πείθεσθ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πείθεσθ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you obeyed"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"Μέντορι","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Mentor"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"shepherd","note":"ποιμένι λαῶν 'shepherd of the people' - classic Homeric formula for a leader/counselor"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b24-l457","source":"ὑμετέρους παῖδας καταπαυέμεν ἀφροσυνάων,","translation":"to make your sons cease from their reckless folly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμετέρους","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδας","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"παῖδας","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καταπαυέμεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"καταπαυέμεν","lemma":"καταπαύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to make cease"},{"surface":"ἀφροσυνάων","lemma":"ἀφροσύνη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of καταπαυέμεν","gloss":"folly"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b24-l458","source":"οἳ μέγα ἔργον ἔρεξαν ἀτασθαλίῃσι κακῇσι,","translation":"who wrought a great wrong in their wicked recklessness,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρεξαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔρεξαν","gloss":"wrong"},{"surface":"ἔρεξαν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing παῖδας","gloss":"wrought","note":"ῥέζω 'do/perform' - epic verb often used for grave deeds, here the suitors' outrage"},{"surface":"ἀτασθαλίῃσι","lemma":"ἀτασθαλία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔρεξαν","gloss":"recklessness"},{"surface":"κακῇσι","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀτασθαλίῃσι","gloss":"wicked"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b24-l459","source":"κτήματα κείροντες καὶ ἀτιμάζοντες ἄκοιτιν","translation":"wasting the goods and dishonoring the wife","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κείροντες","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"κείροντες","lemma":"κείρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wasting","note":"κείροντες lit. 'shearing/cutting away' - vivid metaphor for the suitors devouring the household's wealth"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζοντες","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"dishonoring"},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀτιμάζοντες","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b24-l460","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος· τὸν δʼ οὐκέτι φάντο νέεσθαι.","translation":"of the best of men; for they thought he would return no more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄκοιτιν","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἀριστῆος","lemma":"ἀριστεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"the best","note":"ἀριστῆος - genitive epithet for Odysseus without naming him, standard heroic praise-formula"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of νέεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νέεσθαι","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"φάντο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they thought"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φάντο","gloss":"would return"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b24-l461","source":"καὶ νῦν ὧδε γένοιτο. πίθεσθέ μοι ὡς ἀγορεύω·","translation":"Now too let it be thus: obey me as I speak.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l461.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πίθεσθέ μοι","title":"Aorist imperative","body":"πίθεσθε is the aorist middle imperative of πείθομαι, 'obey,' a sharp command to act now rather than continuously."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοιτο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοιτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it be","note":"γένοιτο - aorist optative, expressing a wish; typical of exhortation speeches"},{"surface":"πίθεσθέ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obey"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πίθεσθέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to πίθεσθέ","gloss":"I say"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b24-l462","source":"μὴ ἴομεν, μή πού τις ἐπίσπαστον κακὸν εὕρῃ.","translation":"Let us not go out, lest some man bring on himself self-inflicted ruin.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l462.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή … εὕρῃ","title":"Fearing clause","body":"μή with the aorist subjunctive εὕρῃ expresses fear or precaution: 'lest someone find/bring on himself an evil.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"μὴ ἴομεν - subjunctive of prohibition, 'let us not go', direct hortatory command"},{"surface":"ἴομεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὕρῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἐπίσπαστον","lemma":"ἐπισπαστός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"self-inflicted","note":"ἐπίσπαστον 'self-drawn-on' - rare compound adjective, ruin one brings on oneself"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of εὕρῃ","gloss":"ruin"},{"surface":"εὕρῃ","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"find"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b24-l463","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀνήϊξαν μεγάλῳ ἀλαλητῷ","translation":"So he spoke, but they sprang up with a great war-cry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνήϊξαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀνήϊξαν","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up","note":"ἀνήϊξαν - vigorous aorist of ἀναίσσω, the crowd's sudden violent reaction against Halitherses's advice"},{"surface":"μεγάλῳ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλαλητῷ","gloss":"with great"},{"surface":"ἀλαλητῷ","lemma":"ἀλαλητός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνήϊξαν","gloss":"war-cry"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b24-l464","source":"ἡμίσεων πλείους· τοὶ δʼ ἀθρόοι αὐτόθι μίμνον·","translation":"more than half of them; but the rest stayed there together.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμίσεων","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πλείους","gloss":"of the half"},{"surface":"πλείους","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μίμνον","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"αὐτόθι","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μίμνον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μίμνον","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stayed"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b24-l465","source":"οὐ γὰρ σφιν ἅδε μῦθος ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἀλλʼ Εὐπείθει","translation":"For his counsel did not please them in their hearts, but Eupeithes","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἅδε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἅδε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased","note":"ἅδε - aorist of ἁνδάνω 'be pleasing', idiom 'the counsel was not pleasing to them'"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἅδε","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσίν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"their hearts"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθει","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πείθοντ᾽","gloss":"Eupeithes"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b24-l466","source":"πείθοντʼ· αἶψα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ τεύχεα ἐσσεύοντο.","translation":"they obeyed; and at once they rushed away for their armor.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πείθοντ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they obeyed"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐσσεύοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐσσεύοντο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b24-l467","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἕσσαντο περὶ χροῒ νώροπα χαλκόν,","translation":"And when they had clothed their bodies in flashing bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l467.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νώροπα χαλκόν","title":"\"Flashing bronze\"","body":"νῶροψ χαλκός is a formulaic phrase for gleaming bronze armor; the adjective evokes the metal's bright, dazzling glint."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἕσσαντο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"clothed themselves"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"νώροπα","lemma":"νῶροψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκόν","gloss":"flashing","note":"νώροπα χαλκόν 'gleaming bronze' - stock Homeric epithet for armor catching light"},{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕσσαντο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b24-l468","source":"ἀθρόοι ἠγερέθοντο πρὸ ἄστεος εὐρυχόροιο.","translation":"they gathered together in front of the spacious city.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"εὐρυχόροιο","lemma":"εὐρύχορος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστεος","gloss":"spacious","note":"εὐρυχόροιο 'wide-spaced' - traditional epithet for a city, common formulaic filler"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b24-l469","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Εὐπείθης ἡγήσατο νηπιέῃσι·","translation":"And Eupeithes led them on in his folly;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθης","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"Eupeithes"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"νηπιέῃσι","lemma":"νηπιέη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"in his folly","note":"νηπιέῃσι 'childish follies' - dative of manner, narrator's judgment on Eupeithes's rash leadership"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b24-l470","source":"φῆ δʼ ὅ γε τίσεσθαι παιδὸς φόνον, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλεν","translation":"he said he would avenge the murder of his son, but he was not","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φῆ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τίσεσθαι","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of φῆ","gloss":"avenge"},{"surface":"παιδὸς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies φόνον","gloss":"of his son"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τίσεσθαι","gloss":"murder"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was to","note":"ἔμελλεν 'was destined/about to' - loaded verb signaling dramatic irony: he was not fated to return"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b24-l471","source":"ἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ πότμον ἐφέψειν.","translation":"to return back home, but there to meet his own doom.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπονοστήσειν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀπονοστήσειν","lemma":"ἀπονοστέω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"return home"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφέψειν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐφέψειν","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐφέψειν","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"meet","note":"ἐφέψειν 'follow/meet' - euphemism for meeting one's death, foreshadowing Eupeithes's fall"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b24-l472","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη Ζῆνα Κρονίωνα προσηύδα·","translation":"But Athena spoke to Zeus, son of Kronos:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσηύδα","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"Ζῆνα","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνα","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζῆνα","gloss":"son of Kronos","note":"Κρονίωνα - patronymic epithet, standard for Zeus in epic address"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b24-l473","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε, Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,","translation":"\"Our father, son of Kronos, highest of rulers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l473.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Κρονίδη","title":"Vocative of address","body":"Κρονίδη is vocative, the case of direct address; Athena calls upon Zeus by his patronymic, 'son of Kronos.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἡμέτερε","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"Κρονίδη","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Kronos"},{"surface":"ὕπατε","lemma":"ὕπατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"highest","note":"ὕπατε κρειόντων 'highest of rulers' - formal vocative epithet emphasizing Zeus's supremacy"},{"surface":"κρειόντων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕπατε","gloss":"of rulers"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b24-l474","source":"εἰπέ μοι εἰρομένῃ, τί νύ τοι νόος ἔνδοθι κεύθει;","translation":"tell me, since I ask: what purpose does your mind hide within?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἰρομένῃ","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"asking","note":"εἰρομένῃ - present participle agreeing with Athena, 'as I ask', framing her question politely"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of κεύθει","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεύθει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεύθει","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἔνδοθι","lemma":"ἔνδοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεύθει","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"κεύθει","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hides"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b24-l475","source":"ἢ προτέρω πόλεμόν τε κακὸν καὶ φύλοπιν αἰνὴν","translation":"Will you set on further the evil war and grim battle-strife,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεύξεις","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"πόλεμόν","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"war"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμόν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φύλοπιν","lemma":"φύλοπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"battle-strife","note":"φύλοπιν αἰνὴν 'dread strife' - formulaic pairing with πόλεμον for the horror of war"},{"surface":"αἰνὴν","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φύλοπιν","gloss":"grim"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b24-l476","source":"τεύξεις, ἦ φιλότητα μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισι τίθησθα;","translation":"or do you establish friendship between both sides?\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεύξεις","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will you make","note":"τεύξεις - future of τεύχω 'bring about/craft', Athena posing the pivotal choice: war or peace"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"φιλότητα","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίθησθα","gloss":"friendship"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"both sides"},{"surface":"τίθησθα","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you establish"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b24-l477","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her and spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l477.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς","title":"\"Cloud-gatherer Zeus\"","body":"νεφεληγερέτα, 'cloud-gatherer,' is one of Zeus's standard Homeric epithets, marking him as the god of storm and sky."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer","note":"Standing epithet for Zeus, formulaic and metrically useful across the epic."},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b24-l478","source":"τέκνον ἐμόν, τί με ταῦτα διείρεαι ἠδὲ μεταλλᾷς;","translation":"\"My child, why do you question and probe me about these things?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμόν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"why","note":"τίς/τί used adverbially as 'why', not as a substantive pronoun here."},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"διείρεαι","lemma":"διείρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you question"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεταλλᾷς","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you probe"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b24-l479","source":"οὐ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτον μὲν ἐβούλευσας νόον αὐτή,","translation":"For did you not yourself devise this very plan,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐβούλευσας","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you devised","note":"οὐ...δή with 2nd-person aorist forms a rhetorical question expecting 'yes'."},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"plan"},{"surface":"αὐτή","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b24-l480","source":"ὡς ἦ τοι κείνους Ὀδυσεὺς ἀποτίσεται ἐλθών;","translation":"that Odysseus, coming home, should take revenge on them?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"κείνους","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"those men"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀποτίσεται","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"will take revenge on","note":"Future middle of ἀποτίνω, 'exact payment for himself' — middle voice marks the personal stake in revenge."},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b24-l481","source":"ἔρξον ὅπως ἐθέλεις· ἐρέω τέ τοι ὡς ἐπέοικεν.","translation":"Do as you wish; but I will tell you what is fitting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρξον","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔρξον","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ἐρέω","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρέω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέοικεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐπέοικεν","lemma":"ἐπέοικε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐρέω","gloss":"is fitting","note":"ἐπέοικε, perfect with present sense: 'it is (has come to be) fitting'."}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b24-l482","source":"ἐπεὶ δὴ μνηστῆρας ἐτίσατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"Since noble Odysseus has taken revenge on the suitors,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτίσατο","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"ἐτίσατο","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he punished","note":"τίνω middle here = 'exact vengeance/payment,' echoing ἀποτίσεται above."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτίσατο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b24-l483","source":"ὅρκια πιστὰ ταμόντες ὁ μὲν βασιλευέτω αἰεί,","translation":"let them swear faithful oaths, and let him be king forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρκια","lemma":"ὅρκιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ταμόντες","gloss":"oaths"},{"surface":"πιστὰ","lemma":"πιστός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκια","gloss":"faithful"},{"surface":"ταμόντες","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"having cut","note":"ὅρκια τέμνειν, 'to cut oaths,' the formulaic idiom for oath-taking (victim animal cut at the swearing)."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βασιλευέτω","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"βασιλευέτω","lemma":"βασιλεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him be king"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βασιλευέτω","gloss":"forever"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b24-l484","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ αὖ παίδων τε κασιγνήτων τε φόνοιο","translation":"and let us in turn cause forgetting of the slaughter","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θέωμεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"παίδων","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of sons"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτων","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of brothers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φόνοιο","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔκλησιν","gloss":"of slaughter"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b24-l485","source":"ἔκλησιν θέωμεν· τοὶ δʼ ἀλλήλους φιλεόντων","translation":"of their sons and brothers; and let them love one another","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκλησιν","lemma":"ἔκλησις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέωμεν","gloss":"forgetting","note":"ἔκλησιν θέωμεν, 'let us put forgetting (of it)' — a set periphrasis for enacting amnesty."},{"surface":"θέωμεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us make"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φιλεόντων","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φιλεόντων","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"φιλεόντων","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let them love"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b24-l486","source":"ὡς τὸ πάρος, πλοῦτος δὲ καὶ εἰρήνη ἅλις ἔστω.","translation":"as before, and let there be wealth and peace in plenty.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πλοῦτος","lemma":"πλοῦτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰρήνη","lemma":"εἰρήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"peace"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"in plenty"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let there be"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b24-l487","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὤτρυνε πάρος μεμαυῖαν Ἀθήνην,","translation":"So speaking, he stirred on Athena, already eager,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤτρυνε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὤτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stirred"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμαυῖαν","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μεμαυῖαν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies Ἀθήνην","gloss":"eager","note":"μέμαα, perfect with present force, 'be eager/straining forward' — describes Athena's readiness before being roused."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὤτρυνε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b24-l488","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα.","translation":"and she went darting down from the peaks of Olympus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she went"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"Οὐλύμποιο","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καρήνων","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"καρήνων","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"ἀΐξασα","lemma":"ἀίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"darting","note":"ἀΐξασα, vivid swift-descent participle typical of divine epiphany scenes."}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b24-l489","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν σίτοιο μελίφρονος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"Now when they had put from themselves the desire for honey-sweet food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l489.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"Formulaic meal-end","body":"This recurring Homeric line, 'they sent out the desire (for food),' formulaically marks the end of a meal; ἕντο is aorist middle of ἵημι."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σίτοιο","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔρον","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"μελίφρονος","lemma":"μελίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σίτοιο","gloss":"honey-sweet","note":"μελίφρων, 'honey-minded/sweet,' a formulaic epithet for food that pleases the φρήν."},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they put from themselves","note":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, formulaic phrase 'they sent desire out of themselves' = 'had their fill.'"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b24-l490","source":"τοῖς δʼ ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"among them much-enduring noble Odysseus began to speak:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l490.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"\"Much-enduring Odysseus\"","body":"πολύτλας ('much-enduring') δῖος ('noble') Ὀδυσσεύς is the hero's most frequent formulaic epithet-phrase in the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦρχε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of words"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began","note":"ἦρχε μύθων, formula for 'began the speech,' governing a genitive of the thing begun."},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b24-l491","source":"ἐξελθών τις ἴδοι μὴ δὴ σχεδὸν ὦσι κιόντες.","translation":"\"Let someone go out and see whether they are not already near at hand.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξελθών","lemma":"ἐξέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴδοι","gloss":"going out"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδοι","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἴδοι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him see","note":"Aorist optative of wish/command (ἴδοι) — a polite third-person directive, 'let someone go and see.'"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether not"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦσι","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ὦσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"they are"},{"surface":"κιόντες","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦσι","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b24-l492","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ· ἐκ δʼ υἱὸς Δολίου κίεν, ὡς ἐκέλευεν·","translation":"So he spoke; and a son of Dolios went out, as he ordered.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κίεν","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Δολίου","lemma":"Δολίος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Dolios"},{"surface":"κίεν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευεν","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to κίεν","gloss":"he had ordered"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b24-l493","source":"στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰών, τοὺς δὲ σχεδὸν ἔσιδε πάντας·","translation":"He went and stood on the threshold, and saw them all close by;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"threshold"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσιδε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"ἔσιδε","lemma":"ἐσείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοὺς","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b24-l494","source":"αἶψα δʼ Ὀδυσσῆα ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and at once he spoke winged words to Odysseus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l494.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"\"Winged words\"","body":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words,' is among the most common Homeric formulas for speech that flies swiftly to its hearer."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, the classic Homeric formula 'winged words' introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke to"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b24-l495","source":"οἵδε δὴ ἐγγὺς ἔασʼ· ἀλλʼ ὁπλιζώμεθα θᾶσσον.","translation":"\"Here they are, close by; let us arm ourselves quickly.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔασ᾽","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασ᾽","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἔασ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they are"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁπλιζώμεθα","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us arm ourselves"},{"surface":"θᾶσσον","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ὁπλιζώμεθα","gloss":"more quickly"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b24-l496","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ὤρνυντο καὶ ἐν τεύχεσσι δύοντο,","translation":"So he spoke, and they rose and sank into their armor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤρνυντο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τεύχεσσι","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"δύοντο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were sinking into","note":"δύοντο, vivid middle 'sank/entered into' armor — the standard verb for donning arms."}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b24-l497","source":"τέσσαρες ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆʼ, ἓξ δʼ υἱεῖς οἱ Δολίοιο·","translation":"the four around Odysseus, and the six sons of Dolios;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέσσαρες","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies υἱεῖς","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱεῖς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies υἱεῖς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Δολίοιο","lemma":"Δολίος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱεῖς","gloss":"of Dolios"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b24-l498","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄρα Λαέρτης Δολίος τʼ ἐς τεύχεʼ ἔδυνον,","translation":"and among them Laertes and Dolios put on their armor,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Λαέρτης","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"Δολίος","lemma":"Δολίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Dolios"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἔδυνον","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were putting on"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b24-l499","source":"καὶ πολιοί περ ἐόντες, ἀναγκαῖοι πολεμισταί.","translation":"gray-haired though they were, warriors by necessity.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πολιοί","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gray-haired"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδυνον","gloss":"being","note":"καί...περ ἐόντες, concessive 'although being' — old men arming as warriors of necessity."},{"surface":"ἀναγκαῖοι","lemma":"ἀναγκαῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολεμισταί","gloss":"by necessity"},{"surface":"πολεμισταί","lemma":"πολεμιστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"warriors"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b24-l500","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἕσσαντο περὶ χροῒ νώροπα χαλκόν,","translation":"And when they had clothed their bodies in flashing bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕσσαντο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"they clothed themselves"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"χροῒ","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"νώροπα","lemma":"νῶροψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χαλκόν","gloss":"flashing","note":"νῶροψ χαλκός, 'gleaming bronze,' a formulaic epithet-noun pair for armor catching the light."},{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕσσαντο","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b24-l501","source":"ὤϊξάν ῥα θύρας, ἐκ δʼ ἤϊον, ἄρχε δʼ Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"they opened the doors and went out, and Odysseus led the way.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤϊξάν","lemma":"οἴγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they opened"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"θύρας","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὤϊξάν","gloss":"doors"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤϊον","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"ἄρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄρχε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b24-l502","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ ἀγχίμολον θυγάτηρ Διὸς ἦλθεν Ἀθήνη","translation":"And near to them came Athena, daughter of Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b24-l503","source":"Μέντορι εἰδομένη ἠμὲν δέμας ἠδὲ καὶ αὐδήν.","translation":"likened to Mentor in both form and voice.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντορι","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδομένη","gloss":"Mentor","note":"εἰδομένη Μέντορι, formulaic disguise-motif: Athena repeatedly assumes Mentor's shape and voice in the poem."},{"surface":"εἰδομένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"likened"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in voice"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b24-l504","source":"τὴν μὲν ἰδὼν γήθησε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Seeing her, much-enduring noble Odysseus rejoiced;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"γήθησε","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he rejoiced"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γήθησε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b24-l505","source":"αἶψα δὲ Τηλέμαχον προσεφώνεεν ὃν φίλον υἱόν·","translation":"and at once he addressed Telemachus, his own dear son:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεεν","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός is the epic possessive 'his own', distinct from αὑτοῦ; agrees with υἱόν."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b24-l506","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, ἤδη μὲν τόδε γʼ εἴσεαι αὐτὸς\n                     ἐπελθών,","translation":"\"Telemachus, now you yourself will learn this, going forward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus","note":"Vocative with elided ʼ before ἤδη; address opens the speech."},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσεαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"εἴσεαι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will learn","note":"εἴσεαι is future middle of οἶδα 'know' — 'you will come to know/see'."},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἐπελθών","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴσεαι","gloss":"going forward"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b24-l507","source":"ἀνδρῶν μαρναμένων ἵνα τε κρίνονται ἄριστοι,","translation":"into the place where men fight and the best are judged,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μαρναμένων","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"μαρναμένων","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κρίνονται","gloss":"fighting"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρίνονται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρίνονται","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἐπελθών","gloss":"are judged","note":"κρίνονται 'are singled out/judged' — the best are proven in the thick of battle."},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of κρίνονται","gloss":"the best"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b24-l508","source":"μή τι καταισχύνειν πατέρων γένος, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ","translation":"not to bring any shame on the race of your fathers, who before now","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to καταισχύνειν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"καταισχύνειν","lemma":"καταισχύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to shame","note":"μή τι καταισχύνειν, purpose infinitive continuing the sense of εἴσεαι — 'not to disgrace...'"},{"surface":"πατέρων","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γένος","gloss":"of fathers"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καταισχύνειν","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεκάσμεθα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεκάσμεθα","gloss":"before now"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b24-l509","source":"ἀλκῇ τʼ ἠνορέῃ τε κεκάσμεθα πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν.","translation":"have excelled in strength and manhood over all the earth.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλκῇ","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"in strength"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠνορέῃ","lemma":"ἠνορέη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"in manhood"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεκάσμεθα","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πατέρων","gloss":"have excelled","note":"κεκάσμεθα, pluperfect of καίνυμαι used as a perfect 'we have surpassed/excelled'."},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶαν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"αἶαν","lemma":"αἶα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b24-l510","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then prudent Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l510.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"Perfect participle 'prudent'","body":"πεπνυμένος, 'prudent, sensible,' is a perfect middle participle used as a stock epithet of Telemachus, formed with reduplication."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"prudent","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle 'wise/prudent', a standing epithet for Telemachus."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b24-l511","source":"ὄψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, πάτερ φίλε, τῷδʼ ἐπὶ θυμῷ","translation":"\"You will see, dear father, if you wish, that with this spirit","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l511.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψεαι","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you will see"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάτερ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τῷδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"spirit","note":"τῷδʼ ἐπὶ θυμῷ 'with this spirit' — sets up the following line's outcome clause."}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b24-l512","source":"οὔ τι καταισχύνοντα τεὸν γένος, ὡς ἀγορεύεις.","translation":"I shall in no way shame your race, as you say.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to καταισχύνοντα","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"καταισχύνοντα","lemma":"καταισχύνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"shaming","note":"present participle, circumstantial: 'not at all shaming your lineage'."},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γένος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄψεαι","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καταισχύνοντα","gloss":"you say"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b24-l513","source":"ὣς φάτο, Λαέρτης δʼ ἐχάρη καὶ μῦθον ἔειπε·","translation":"So he spoke, and Laertes rejoiced and uttered his word:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φάτο, formulaic speech-closing verb (root φη-/φα-) common at line-openings after direct speech."},{"surface":"Λαέρτης","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχάρη","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced","note":"ἐχάρη, aorist passive of χαίρω used intransitively 'was gladdened/rejoiced'."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔειπε","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἔειπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b24-l514","source":"τίς νύ μοι ἡμέρη ἥδε, θεοὶ φίλοι; ἦ μάλα χαίρω·","translation":"\"What a day is this for me, dear gods! I rejoice greatly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἡμέρη","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἡμέρη","lemma":"ἡμέρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἡμέρη","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαίρω","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"χαίρω","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I rejoice"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b24-l515","source":"υἱός θʼ υἱωνός τʼ ἀρετῆς πέρι δῆριν ἔχουσιν.","translation":"my son and my grandson are contending over valor.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱωνός","lemma":"υἱωνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"grandson","note":"υἱωνός 'grandson' — pairs with υἱός to mark the family's three generations in this scene."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρετῆς","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"in valor"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δῆριν","lemma":"δῆρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"a contest"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b24-l516","source":"τὸν δὲ παρισταμένη προσέφη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then standing beside him, gray-eyed Athena spoke:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l516.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"\"Gray-eyed Athena\"","body":"γλαυκῶπις, 'gray-eyed' or 'bright-eyed,' is Athena's most characteristic epithet, evoking the gleam of her keen gaze."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρισταμένη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's standing epithet 'flashing/gray-eyed', formulaic across the epics."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b24-l517","source":"ὦ Ἀρκεισιάδη, πάντων πολὺ φίλταθʼ ἑταίρων,","translation":"\"Son of Arceisius, far the dearest of all my companions,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Ἀρκεισιάδη","lemma":"Ἀρκεισιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Arceisius","note":"Patronymic address to Laertes, whose father was Arceisius."},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"φίλταθ","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀρκεισιάδη","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἑταίρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φίλταθ᾽","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b24-l518","source":"εὐξάμενος κούρῃ γλαυκώπιδι καὶ Διὶ πατρί,","translation":"having prayed to the gray-eyed maiden and to Zeus the father,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐξάμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"having prayed"},{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to the maiden"},{"surface":"γλαυκώπιδι","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"gray-eyed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"πατρί","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διὶ","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b24-l519","source":"αἶψα μαλʼ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος.","translation":"at once draw back and hurl your long-shadowing spear.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l519.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος","title":"\"Long-shadowing spear\"","body":"δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος, 'the long-shadowing spear,' is a fixed Homeric epithet; the spear is so long it casts a long shadow."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"μαλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀμπεπαλὼν","lemma":"ἀναπάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"drawing back","note":"ἀμπεπαλὼν describes the poised balancing of the spear before the throw, a formulaic combat gesture."},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurl"},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowing","note":"δολιχόσκιον, a stock Homeric epithet for the spear ('far-shadowing')."},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b24-l520","source":"ὣς φάτο, καί ῥʼ ἔμπνευσε μένος μέγα Παλλὰς\n                  Ἀθήνη","translation":"So she spoke, and Pallas Athena breathed great strength into him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔμπνευσε","lemma":"ἐμπνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed into","note":"ἔμπνευσε 'breathed in' — Athena physically inspires battle-strength, a common divine-intervention motif."},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔμπνευσε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔμπνευσε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b24-l521","source":"εὐξάμενος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο,","translation":"Then having prayed to the daughter of great Zeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐξάμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"having prayed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὐξάμενος","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εὐξάμενος","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b24-l522","source":"αἶψα μάλʼ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,","translation":"at once he drew back and hurled his long-shadowing spear,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀμπεπαλὼν","lemma":"ἀναπάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προΐει","gloss":"drawing back"},{"surface":"προΐει","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hurled","note":"Repeats l519 nearly verbatim (Laertes now enacts Athena's instruction) — Homeric formulaic repetition."},{"surface":"δολιχόσκιον","lemma":"δολιχόσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχος","gloss":"long-shadowing"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προΐει","gloss":"spear"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b24-l523","source":"καὶ βάλεν Εὐπείθεα κόρυθος διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου.","translation":"and struck Eupeithes through his bronze-cheeked helmet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"Εὐπείθεα","lemma":"Εὐπείθης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλεν","gloss":"Eupeithes"},{"surface":"κόρυθος","lemma":"κόρυς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"helmet"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"χαλκοπαρῄου","lemma":"χαλκοπάρῃος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κόρυθος","gloss":"bronze-cheeked","note":"χαλκοπαρῄου, compound epithet 'bronze-cheeked' describing the helmet's metal cheek-pieces."}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b24-l524","source":"ἡ δʼ οὐκ ἔγχος ἔρυτο, διαπρὸ δὲ εἴσατο χαλκός,","translation":"It did not hold back the spear, and the bronze drove straight through;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρυτο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔγχος","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔρυτο","gloss":"the spear"},{"surface":"ἔρυτο","lemma":"ῥύομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back","note":"ἔρυτο, imperfect-sense aorist 'checked/held off' — the helmet failed to stop the spear."},{"surface":"διαπρὸ","lemma":"διαπρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"straight through"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσατο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"χαλκός","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴσατο","gloss":"bronze point"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b24-l525","source":"δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"he fell with a thud, and his armor clattered about him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δούπησεν","lemma":"δουπέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he thudded down"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεσών","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δούπησεν","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"ἀράβησε","lemma":"ἀραβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clattered","note":"ἀράβησε, onomatopoeic verb for the clashing sound of armor — vivid battle sound-effect."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεύχε","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράβησε","gloss":"armor"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b24-l526","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔπεσον προμάχοις Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ φαίδιμος υἱός,","translation":"Then Odysseus and his glorious son fell upon the front-fighters,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell","note":"ἔπεσον, aorist of πίπτω — here 'fell upon/charged', not literally collapsed."},{"surface":"προμάχοις","lemma":"πρόμαχος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔπεσον","gloss":"front-fighters"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b24-l527","source":"τύπτον δὲ ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισι.","translation":"and struck them with swords and double-edged spears.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τύπτον","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξίφεσίν","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with swords"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔγχεσιν","lemma":"ἔγχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with spears"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγύοισι","lemma":"ἀμφίγυος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔγχεσιν","gloss":"double-edged","note":"ἀμφιγύοισι, epithet meaning 'sharp at both ends/double-pointed', standard for warrior spears."}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b24-l528","source":"καί νύ κε δὴ πάντας ὄλεσαν καὶ ἔθηκαν ἀνόστους,","translation":"And now they would have killed them all and left them without return,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l528.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καί νύ κε … εἰ μὴ","title":"Unfulfilled (\"if not\") condition","body":"The κε(ν) with past indicative plus the εἰ μή clause forms a contrary-to-fact condition: what would have happened 'had not' Athena intervened."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὄλεσαν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have killed","note":"ὄλεσαν + κε, unfulfilled-past construction: 'would have killed', reversed by Athena's intervention."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθηκαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἀνόστους","lemma":"ἄνοστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"complement of ἔθηκαν","gloss":"without return"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b24-l529","source":"εἰ μὴ Ἀθηναίη, κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο,","translation":"had not Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l529.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰγιόχοιο","title":"\"Aegis-bearing\"","body":"αἰγίοχος, 'aegis-bearing,' is a standard epithet of Zeus; the aegis is his dread storm-shield (later shared with Athena)."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"αἰγιόχοιο, standard epithet of Zeus, 'holder of the aegis'."}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b24-l530","source":"ἤϋσεν φωνῇ, κατὰ ἔσχεθε λαὸν ἅπαντα.","translation":"cried aloud with her voice and held back the whole host.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤϋσεν","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cried aloud"},{"surface":"φωνῇ","lemma":"φωνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤϋσεν","gloss":"with her voice"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἔσχεθε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"held back","note":"ἔσχεθε, aorist of ἔχω 'checked/restrained' — Athena's shout physically halts the whole army."},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔσχεθε","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαὸν","gloss":"the whole"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b24-l531","source":"ἴσχεσθε πτολέμου, Ἰθακήσιοι, ἀργαλέοιο,","translation":"\"Hold back from the grievous war, men of Ithaca,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l531.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἴσχεσθε","title":"Imperative 'hold back'","body":"ἴσχεσθε is the present middle imperative of ἴσχω, commanding the men to restrain themselves from battle at once."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσχεσθε","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back"},{"surface":"πτολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴσχεσθε","gloss":"from war"},{"surface":"Ἰθακήσιοι","lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"men of Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέοιο","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πτολέμου","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b24-l532","source":"ὥς κεν ἀναιμωτί γε διακρινθῆτε τάχιστα.","translation":"so that you may be parted as quickly as possible, without bloodshed.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἀναιμωτί","lemma":"ἀναιμωτί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διακρινθῆτε","gloss":"without bloodshed","note":"ἀναιμωτί, rare adverb 'bloodlessly' — Athena's decree of a peaceful end to the feud."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"διακρινθῆτε","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"you be parted"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to διακρινθῆτε","gloss":"most quickly"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b24-l533","source":"ὣς φάτʼ Ἀθηναίη, τοὺς δὲ χλωρὸν δέος εἷλεν·","translation":"So spoke Athena, and pale fear seized them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"φάτ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"φημί with elided ending φάτ᾽; formulaic line-opener for divine speech"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάτ᾽","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἷλεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"χλωρὸν","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"pale, green","note":"χλωρός 'pale-green' for the pallor of fear, a striking Homeric color term"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἷλεν","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"εἷλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b24-l534","source":"τῶν δʼ ἄρα δεισάντων ἐκ χειρῶν ἔπτατο τεύχεα,","translation":"And as they took fright, the weapons flew from their hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"δεισάντων","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having feared","note":"genitive absolute-like participle agreeing with τῶν, 'as they took fright'"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔπτατο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"τεύχεα","lemma":"τεῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔπτατο","gloss":"weapons"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b24-l535","source":"πάντα δʼ ἐπὶ χθονὶ πῖπτε, θεᾶς ὄπα φωνησάσης·","translation":"and all fell to the ground as the goddess uttered her voice;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πα~ς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of πῖπτε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto, upon"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"πῖπτε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell","note":"imperfect πῖπτε marks the weapons falling as an ongoing scene, not a single event"},{"surface":"θεᾶς","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φωνησάσης","gloss":"goddess's"},{"surface":"ὄπα","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φωνησάσης","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"φωνησάσης","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"adverbial to πῖπτε","gloss":"uttering","note":"genitive absolute: θεᾶς...φωνησάσης, 'as the goddess spoke'"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b24-l536","source":"πρὸς δὲ πόλιν τρωπῶντο λιλαιόμενοι βιότοιο.","translation":"and they turned toward the city, longing to live.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"τρωπῶντο","lemma":"τρωπάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"λιλαιόμενοι","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τρωπῶντο","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"βιότοιο","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λιλαιόμενοι","gloss":"for life","note":"βίοτος 'life' as the object of desire, genitive after λιλαιόμενοι"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b24-l537","source":"σμερδαλέον δʼ ἐβόησε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"But terribly shouted much-enduring noble Odysseus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐβόησε","gloss":"terribly","note":"adverbial accusative σμερδαλέον, 'in a terrible way,' modifying the shout"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐβόησε","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"stock epithet of Odysseus, πολύτλας, 'much-suffering'"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble, godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b24-l538","source":"οἴμησεν δὲ ἀλεὶς ὥς τʼ αἰετὸς ὑψιπετήεις.","translation":"and gathering himself he swooped like a high-flying eagle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l538.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰετὸς ὑψιπετήεις","title":"Eagle simile","body":"Odysseus is compared to a 'high-flying eagle' (αἰετὸς ὑψιπετήεις), a swift, lethal predator stooping on its prey."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἴμησεν","lemma":"οἰμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swooped, darted"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλεὶς","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴμησεν","gloss":"gathering himself","note":"aorist passive of εἴλω, 'having drawn himself together,' before the swoop"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as, like"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated particle)"},{"surface":"αἰετὸς","lemma":"ἀετός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"eagle"},{"surface":"ὑψιπετήεις","lemma":"ὑψιπετήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰετὸς","gloss":"high-flying","note":"compound epithet ὑψιπετήεις, 'flying high,' vivid Homeric simile word"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b24-l539","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ Κρονίδης ἀφίει ψολόεντα κεραυνόν,","translation":"And then the son of Kronos let fly a smoking thunderbolt,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίει","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀφίει","gloss":"son of Kronos"},{"surface":"ἀφίει","lemma":"ἀφίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let fly"},{"surface":"ψολόεντα","lemma":"ψολόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κεραυνόν","gloss":"smoking","note":"ψολόεις 'smoky' describes the thunderbolt's trail"},{"surface":"κεραυνόν","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφίει","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b24-l540","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔπεσε πρόσθε γλαυκώπιδος ὀβριμοπάτρης.","translation":"and it fell before the gray-eyed daughter of a mighty father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κάδ = elided/apocopated κατά, 'down,' intensifying ἔπεσε"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before, in front of"},{"surface":"γλαυκώπιδος","lemma":"γλαυκω~πις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to πρόσθε","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"stock epithet of Athena, γλαυκῶπις, here genitive"},{"surface":"ὀβριμοπάτρης","lemma":"οβριμοπάτρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γλαυκώπιδος","gloss":"mighty-fathered","note":"rare epithet 'daughter of a mighty father,' underscoring Athena's divine parentage"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b24-l541","source":"δὴ τότʼ Ὀδυσσῆα προσέφη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then gray-eyed Athena spoke to Odysseus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to","note":"προσέφη, formulaic verb for addressing someone directly"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b24-l542","source":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ,","translation":"\"Zeus-born son of Laertes, resourceful Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l542.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ","title":"\"Resourceful Odysseus\"","body":"πολυμήχανος, 'of many devices, resourceful,' is Odysseus's signature epithet, naming the cunning that defines him."}],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Λαερτιάδη","gloss":"Zeus-born","note":"epithet διογενής, 'sprung from Zeus,' honorific for heroes"},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Laertes","note":"vocative patronymic addressing Odysseus"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"resourceful","note":"epithet πολυμήχανος, 'of many devices,' classic Odysseus tag"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b24-l543","source":"ἴσχεο, παῦε δὲ νεῖκος ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο,","translation":"hold back, and stop the strife of leveling war,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσχεο","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold back, stop"},{"surface":"παῦε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stop, cease"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of παῦε","gloss":"strife, quarrel"},{"surface":"ὁμοιΐου","lemma":"ὁμοίιος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πολέμοιο","gloss":"leveling, equal","note":"ὁμοίιος 'equalizing' war, i.e. war that levels all alike in death"},{"surface":"πολέμοιο","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νεῖκος","gloss":"war"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b24-l544","source":"μή πως τοι Κρονίδης κεχολώσεται εὐρύοπα Ζεύς.","translation":"lest the son of Kronos, far-seeing Zeus, grow angry with you.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l544.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή … κεχολώσεται","title":"Cautionary clause","body":"μή with the future κεχολώσεται warns of a feared outcome: 'lest Zeus become angry.' The verb is a future perfect of χολόομαι, 'be enraged.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of κεχολώσεται","gloss":"you (dat.)"},{"surface":"Κρονίδης","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son of Kronos"},{"surface":"κεχολώσεται","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"grow angry","note":"future perfect κεχολώσεται stresses the settled, lasting state of anger that would result"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"far-seeing, wide-voiced","note":"epithet εὐρύοπα of Zeus"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b24-l545","source":"ὣς φάτʼ Ἀθηναίη, ὁ δʼ ἐπείθετο, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ.","translation":"So spoke Athena, and he obeyed, and rejoiced in his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"φάτ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάτ᾽","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπείθετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπείθετο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"in heart","note":"dative of respect θυμῷ, 'in his heart/spirit'"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b24-l546","source":"ὅρκια δʼ αὖ κατόπισθε μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἔθηκεν","translation":"And afterward she set oaths between both sides,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρκια","lemma":"ὅρκιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"oaths"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again, afterward"},{"surface":"κατόπισθε","lemma":"κατόπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκεν","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among, between"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"both sides"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set, established","note":"ὅρκια...ἔθηκεν, idiomatic Homeric phrase 'to set oaths' = to establish a truce"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b24-l547","source":"Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη, κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο,","translation":"Pallas Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"epithet αἰγίοχος, 'holding the aegis,' Zeus's standard title"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b24-l548","source":"Μέντορι εἰδομένη ἠμὲν δέμας ἠδὲ καὶ αὐδήν.","translation":"likened to Mentor in both form and voice.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b24-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντορι","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδομένη","gloss":"Mentor"},{"surface":"εἰδομένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκεν","gloss":"resembling","note":"εἴδομαι 'appear like'; Athena disguises herself as Mentor, a recurring device"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"form, body"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"voice"}]}]}