{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":3,"id":"book-03","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας γ","translated":"Book 3 — Telemachus at Pylos: Nestor's Tale"},"section":"The Telemachy","summary":"At Pylos old Nestor tells Telemachus what he knows of the return from Troy, and sends him on to Sparta with his own son.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3","lines":497},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b3-l1","source":"Ἠέλιος δʼ ἀνόρουσε, λιπὼν περικαλλέα λίμνην,","translation":"Now the Sun leapt up, leaving the lovely mere,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀνόρουσε","title":"Aorist of sudden action","body":"The aorist ἀνόρουσε (\"leapt up\") presents the sunrise as a single decisive event rather than a process."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνόρουσε","gloss":"the Sun","note":"Epic ἠέλιος (not Attic ἥλιος) opens the day-formula that begins many Odyssey scenes."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσε","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leapt up"},{"surface":"λιπὼν","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνόρουσε","gloss":"leaving"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λίμνην","gloss":"very lovely"},{"surface":"λίμνην","lemma":"λίμνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λιπὼν","gloss":"the mere/lake","note":"λίμνη here is Ocean's pool, imagined as the sea's edge where dawn rises."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b3-l2","source":"οὐρανὸν ἐς πολύχαλκον, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτοισι φαείνοι","translation":"into the brazen sky, to shine for the immortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the sky"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πολύχαλκον","lemma":"πολύχαλκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"bronze/brazen"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"for the immortals","note":"Dative of advantage: 'shine for' the gods, contrasted with mortals in the next line."},{"surface":"φαείνοι","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"might shine"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b3-l3","source":"καὶ θνητοῖσι βροτοῖσιν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν·","translation":"and for mortal men upon the grain-giving earth;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ζείδωρον ἄρουραν","title":"Grain-giving earth","body":"ζείδωρος (\"giving grain/life\") is a standing epithet of the plowland, ἄρουρα. It pairs the divine with the human realm just blessed by the sun."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θνητοῖσι","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτοῖσιν","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσιν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ζείδωρον","lemma":"ζείδωρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"grain-giving","note":"ζείδωρος, 'grain-giving' (ζειά, spelt-grain + δῶρον, gift), a stock Homeric epithet for the earth."},{"surface":"ἄρουραν","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"the earth"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b3-l4","source":"οἱ δὲ Πύλον, Νηλῆος ἐυκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,","translation":"and they came to Pylos, the well-built citadel of Neleus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἷξον","gloss":"they","note":"οἱ here is the old demonstrative/pronoun (not the article), common in Homer as 'they.'"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to Pylos"},{"surface":"Νηλῆος","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"of Neleus"},{"surface":"ἐυκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b3-l5","source":"ἷξον· τοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ θινὶ θαλάσσης ἱερὰ ῥέζον,","translation":"and reached it; on the shore of the sea the people were offering sacrifice,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they reached (it)"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέζον","gloss":"and they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"θινὶ","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θινὶ","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἱερὰ","lemma":"ἱερόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"sacrifices"},{"surface":"ῥέζον","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were offering"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b3-l6","source":"ταύρους παμμέλανας, ἐνοσίχθονι κυανοχαίτῃ.","translation":"all-black bulls, to the dark-haired Earthshaker.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταύρους","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"bulls"},{"surface":"παμμέλανας","lemma":"παμμέλας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ταύρους","gloss":"all-black"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθονι","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέζον","gloss":"to the Earthshaker","note":"Ἐνοσίχθων, 'earth-shaker,' a formulaic title for Poseidon."},{"surface":"κυανοχαίτῃ","lemma":"κυανοχαίτης","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνοσίχθονι","gloss":"dark-haired"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b3-l7","source":"ἐννέα δʼ ἕδραι ἔσαν, πεντακόσιοι δʼ ἐν ἑκάστῃ","translation":"There were nine companies, and five hundred men in each,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἕδραι","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕδραι","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"seated groups"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"πεντακόσιοι","lemma":"πεντακόσιοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"five hundred"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῃ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b3-l8","source":"ἥατο καὶ προύχοντο ἑκάστοθι ἐννέα ταύρους.","translation":"were seated, and each company held out nine bulls.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥατο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they were seated","note":"ἧμαι, a perfect-form verb meaning 'sit,' here pluperfect 'were sitting' — no active present tense exists."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προύχοντο","lemma":"προέχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held out"},{"surface":"ἑκάστοθι","lemma":"ἑκάστοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προύχοντο","gloss":"in each place"},{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ταύρους","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"ταύρους","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of προύχοντο","gloss":"bulls"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b3-l9","source":"εὖθʼ οἱ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο, θεῷ δʼ ἐπὶ μηρίʼ ἔκαιον,","translation":"When they had tasted the entrails and were burning the thigh-pieces to the god,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖθ","lemma":"εὖτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάσαντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"σπλάγχνα","lemma":"σπλάγχνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσαντο","gloss":"entrails"},{"surface":"πάσαντο","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εὖθ᾽","gloss":"had tasted"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"to the god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"μηρί","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκαιον","gloss":"thigh-pieces","note":"μηρία, the thigh-bones wrapped in fat burned for the gods while men ate the rest — core sacrifice ritual."},{"surface":"ἔκαιον","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"were burning"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b3-l10","source":"οἱ δʼ ἰθὺς κατάγοντο ἰδʼ ἱστία νηὸς ἐίσης","translation":"the others were running straight in, and the sails of the balanced ship","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάγοντο","gloss":"straight in"},{"surface":"κατάγοντο","lemma":"κατάγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were heading in","note":"κατάγοντο is medio-passive: intransitive 'were putting in/heading to shore,' not a transitive 'bringing something in.'"},{"surface":"ἰδ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of στεῖλαν","gloss":"the sails"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἱστία","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"ἐίσης","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"balanced/trim","note":"ἐίση, 'well-balanced,' a standard Homeric epithet for a seaworthy ship."}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b3-l11","source":"στεῖλαν ἀείραντες, τὴν δʼ ὥρμισαν, ἐκ δʼ ἔβαν αὐτοί·","translation":"they furled, lifting them up, moored her, and stepped out themselves;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στεῖλαν","lemma":"στέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they furled"},{"surface":"ἀείραντες","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στεῖλαν","gloss":"lifting"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὥρμισαν","gloss":"her (the ship)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥρμισαν","lemma":"ὁρμίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moored"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"αὐτοί","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"they themselves"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b3-l12","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχος νηὸς βαῖνʼ, ἦρχε δʼ Ἀθήνη.","translation":"and out from the ship came Telemachus, with Athena leading.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βαῖν᾽","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"from the ship"},{"surface":"βαῖν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way","note":"ἄρχω here means 'led/went first,' with Athena guiding Telemachus ashore."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦρχε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b3-l13","source":"τὸν προτέρη προσέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"The goddess, gray-eyed Athena, was first to address him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπις","title":"Gray-eyed Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις, conventionally \"gray-eyed\" or \"bright-eyed,\" is Athena's recurring epithet."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προτέρη","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's fixed epithet, always paired with her name in this formula."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b3-l14","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, οὐ μέν σε χρὴ ἔτʼ αἰδοῦς, οὐδʼ\n                     ἠβαιόν·","translation":"\"Telemachus, you need feel no shyness now, not even a little;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus (voc.)"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"αἰδοῦς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"of shyness","note":"αἰδώς: genitive object of χρή, 'there is need of shyness' — idiom 'need feel shame.'"},{"surface":"ἠβαιόν","lemma":"ἠβαιός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"even a little"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b3-l15","source":"τοὔνεκα γὰρ καὶ πόντον ἐπέπλως, ὄφρα πύθηαι","translation":"for this is the very reason you sailed the sea, to learn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκα","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέπλως","gloss":"for this reason"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also/indeed"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέπλως","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἐπέπλως","lemma":"ἐπιπλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you sailed"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πύθηαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you might learn"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b3-l16","source":"πατρός, ὅπου κύθε γαῖα καὶ ὅν τινα πότμον ἐπέσπεν.","translation":"of your father, where the earth has hidden him and what fate he met.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρός","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πύθηαι","gloss":"of your father"},{"surface":"ὅπου","lemma":"ὅπου","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κύθε","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κύθε","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"has hidden"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κύθε","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πότμον","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πότμον","gloss":"(indefinite) fate"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέσπεν","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ἐπέσπεν","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"he met","note":"ἐπέσπεν, aorist of ἐφέπω, 'met/pursued' — idiom πότμον ἐπισπεῖν, 'to meet one's fate/death.'"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b3-l17","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἰθὺς κίε Νέστορος ἱπποδάμοιο·","translation":"But come now, go straight to Nestor, tamer of horses;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἱπποδάμοιο","title":"Tamer of horses","body":"ἱππόδαμος (\"horse-taming\") is a heroic epithet, here for Nestor."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἰθὺς","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of κίε","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστορος","gloss":"tamer of horses","note":"ἱππόδαμος, formulaic epithet for Nestor and other heroic charioteers."}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b3-l18","source":"εἴδομεν ἥν τινα μῆτιν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κέκευθε.","translation":"let us learn what counsel he keeps hidden in his breast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴδομεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us learn"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μῆτιν","gloss":"what (fem.)"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies μῆτιν","gloss":"(indefinite)"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κέκευθε","gloss":"counsel"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"his breast"},{"surface":"κέκευθε","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴδομεν","gloss":"he keeps hidden"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b3-l19","source":"λίσσεσθαι δέ μιν αὐτός, ὅπως νημερτέα εἴπῃ·","translation":"Entreat him yourself, that he may speak the unerring truth;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσεσθαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"entreat"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίσσεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"νημερτέα","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἴπῃ","gloss":"unerring truth","note":"νημερτής, 'unerring,' the standard word for reliable prophetic or eyewitness truth in Homer."},{"surface":"εἴπῃ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"he may speak"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b3-l20","source":"ψεῦδος δʼ οὐκ ἐρέει· μάλα γὰρ πεπνυμένος ἐστί.","translation":"he will tell no lie, for he is a man of great good sense.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψεῦδος","lemma":"ψεῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρέει","gloss":"a lie"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐρέει","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wise/prudent","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle 'having good sense,' a recurring epithet marking Nestor's and Telemachus's shrewdness."},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he is"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b3-l21","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"\"Wise/shrewd\"","body":"πεπνυμένος, literally \"having breath/sense,\" is the standing epithet for Telemachus, marking his good judgment."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b3-l22","source":"Μέντορ, πῶς τʼ ἄρʼ ἴω; πῶς τʼ ἂρ προσπτύξομαι αὐτόν;","translation":"\"Mentor, how shall I go? How shall I greet him?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντορ","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Mentor (voc.)"},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴω","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I go"},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσπτύξομαι","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"προσπτύξομαι","lemma":"ποτιπτύσσω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I greet","note":"προσπτύξομαι, future of a verb meaning literally 'fold toward, embrace in greeting' — vivid for a formal approach."},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσπτύξομαι","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b3-l23","source":"οὐδέ τί πω μύθοισι πεπείρημαι πυκινοῖσιν·","translation":"I have no practice yet in shrewd speeches;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οὐ","gloss":"not at all","note":"τί here reinforces the negative, τί πω 'not yet at all,' idiomatic emphasis."},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μύθοισι","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεπείρημαι","gloss":"in speeches"},{"surface":"πεπείρημαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have practiced"},{"surface":"πυκινοῖσιν","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μύθοισι","gloss":"shrewd"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b3-l24","source":"αἰδὼς δʼ αὖ νέον ἄνδρα γεραίτερον ἐξερέεσθαι.","translation":"and a young man feels shame to question one who is older.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδὼς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"shame","note":"αἰδώς personified as subject: 'shame (restrains) a young man' from questioning an elder."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"a young"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξερέεσθαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"γεραίτερον","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"an older (man)"},{"surface":"ἐξερέεσθαι","lemma":"ἐξέρομαι","morphology":"present infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to question"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b3-l25","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, spoke to him again:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b3-l26","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ, ἄλλα μὲν αὐτὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶ σῇσι νοήσεις,","translation":"\"Telemachus, some things you will think of in your own mind,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus (voc.)"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of νοήσεις","gloss":"some things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of νοήσεις","gloss":"you yourself"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind","note":"φρήν, literally 'midriff/heart,' the seat of thought in Homer — 'in your own mind.'"},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"νοήσεις","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will think of"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b3-l27","source":"ἄλλα δὲ καὶ δαίμων ὑποθήσεται· οὐ γὰρ ὀίω","translation":"and others a god will prompt; for I do not think","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὑποθήσεται","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑποθήσεται","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ὑποθήσεται","lemma":"ὑποτίθημι","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will suggest"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὀίω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b3-l28","source":"οὔ σε θεῶν ἀέκητι γενέσθαι τε τραφέμεν τε.","translation":"you were born and raised without the gods' goodwill.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l28.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γενέσθαι τε τραφέμεν τε","title":"Paired infinitives","body":"The two infinitives \"to be born\" and \"to be raised,\" linked by τε...τε, depend on the verb of thinking. τραφέμεν is an old Homeric infinitive form."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέκητι","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἀέκητι","lemma":"ἀέκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"without the will","note":"ἀέκητι + genitive, 'against/without the will of,' an idiom stressing divine favor at Telemachus's birth."},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"were born"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τραφέμεν","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"were raised"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b3-l29","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασʼ ἡγήσατο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη","translation":"So speaking, Pallas Athena led the way","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l29.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"φωνήσασʼ","title":"Aorist participle of speaking","body":"The feminine aorist participle φωνήσασα (\"having spoken\") frames the action that precedes her leading on, a common Homeric narrative move."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"epic particle ἄρα marks natural sequence, common in narrative transitions."},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"Athena","note":"Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη is a fixed Homeric epithet-name pair, always in this word order at line end."}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b3-l30","source":"καρπαλίμως· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα μετʼ ἴχνια βαῖνε θεοῖο.","translation":"swiftly, and he then walked in the footsteps of the goddess.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βαῖνε","gloss":"he","note":"ὁ used as a demonstrative pronoun 'he/that one', an older function than the later Greek article."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βαῖνε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after, along"},{"surface":"ἴχνια","lemma":"ἴχνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"footsteps","note":"μετ᾽ ἴχνια βαίνειν, 'walk in the footsteps of', a formulaic phrase for following a guide."},{"surface":"βαῖνε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἴχνια","gloss":"of the goddess"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b3-l31","source":"ἷξον δʼ ἐς Πυλίων ἀνδρῶν ἄγυρίν τε καὶ ἕδρας,","translation":"They came to the gathering and the seats of the men of Pylos,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they came"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, into"},{"surface":"Πυλίων","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of Pylos"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἄγυρίν","lemma":"ἄγυρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕδρας","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"seats","note":"τε…καί links ἄγυρίν and ἕδρας as a paired object, a common epic doubling for 'assembly-place'."}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b3-l32","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄρα Νέστωρ ἧστο σὺν υἱάσιν, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι","translation":"where Nestor sat with his sons, and around them his companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧστο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἧστο","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἧστο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"was sitting","note":"ἧστο is pluperfect in form but functions as a simple past 'was sitting/seated', typical of ἧμαι."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"υἱάσιν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b3-l33","source":"δαῖτʼ ἐντυνόμενοι κρέα τʼ ὤπτων ἄλλα τʼ ἔπειρον.","translation":"were preparing the feast, roasting some meat and spitting more.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαῖτ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐντυνόμενοι","gloss":"the feast"},{"surface":"ἐντυνόμενοι","lemma":"ἐντύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"preparing"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὤπτων","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤπτων","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"were roasting"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔπειρον","gloss":"other (meat)"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειρον","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"were spitting","note":"ἔπειρον from πείρω 'pierce/skewer', vivid detail of spitting meat on skewers over the fire."}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b3-l34","source":"οἱ δʼ ὡς οὖν ξείνους ἴδον, ἁθρόοι ἦλθον ἅπαντες,","translation":"When they saw the strangers, they all came thronging together,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l34.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ξείνους","title":"Guest-strangers","body":"ξεῖνος means both \"stranger\" and \"guest,\" carrying the obligations of xenia, the sacred bond of host and guest."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"they","note":"οἱ again the old demonstrative pronoun use, not the later definite article."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, so"},{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"strangers"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ἁθρόοι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in a throng"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἅπαντες","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἁθρόοι","gloss":"all together"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b3-l35","source":"χερσίν τʼ ἠσπάζοντο καὶ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγον.","translation":"and greeted them with their hands and bade them be seated.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠσπάζοντο","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠσπάζοντο","lemma":"ἀσπάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"greeted"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑδριάασθαι","lemma":"ἑδριάω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγον","gloss":"to be seated"},{"surface":"ἄνωγον","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade, urged"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b3-l36","source":"πρῶτος Νεστορίδης Πεισίστρατος ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν","translation":"First Peisistratus, son of Nestor, came near","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Νεστορίδης","lemma":"Νεστορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πεισίστρατος","gloss":"son of Nestor"},{"surface":"Πεισίστρατος","lemma":"Πεισίστρατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Peisistratus"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθὼν","gloss":"from nearby"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλε","gloss":"coming"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b3-l37","source":"ἀμφοτέρων ἕλε χεῖρα καὶ ἵδρυσεν παρὰ δαιτὶ","translation":"and took the hand of each, and seated them at the feast","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρων","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"of both"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"hand","note":"singular χεῖρα covers both hands taken, a distributive singular typical of Homeric style."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵδρυσεν","lemma":"ἱδρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δαιτὶ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the feast"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b3-l38","source":"κώεσιν ἐν μαλακοῖσιν ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις ἁλίῃσιν","translation":"on soft fleeces upon the sands of the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κώεσιν","lemma":"κῶας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"fleeces"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"μαλακοῖσιν","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κώεσιν","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ψαμάθοις","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"sands"},{"surface":"ἁλίῃσιν","lemma":"ἅλιος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ψαμάθοις","gloss":"of the sea","note":"ψαμάθοις ἁλίῃσιν 'sands of the sea', a concrete sensory epic detail of the coastal setting."}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b3-l39","source":"πάρ τε κασιγνήτῳ Θρασυμήδεϊ καὶ πατέρι ᾧ·","translation":"beside his brother Thrasymedes and his own father;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτῳ","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Θρασυμήδεϊ","gloss":"brother"},{"surface":"Θρασυμήδεϊ","lemma":"Θρασυμήδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"Thrasymedes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατέρι","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρι","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b3-l40","source":"δῶκε δʼ ἄρα σπλάγχνων μοίρας, ἐν δʼ οἶνον ἔχευεν","translation":"he gave them portions of the entrails, and poured wine","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σπλάγχνων","lemma":"σπλάγχνον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies μοίρας","gloss":"of entrails"},{"surface":"μοίρας","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"portions"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in, therein","note":"ἐν here works adverbially with χέω ('poured in'), an early example of a preposition-as-adverb before it fully fuses as a prefix."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἔχευεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b3-l41","source":"χρυσείῳ δέπαϊ· δειδισκόμενος δὲ προσηύδα","translation":"in a golden cup; and greeting her he spoke","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσείῳ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπαϊ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δέπαϊ","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχευεν","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"δειδισκόμενος","lemma":"δειδίσκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"greeting warmly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b3-l42","source":"Παλλάδʼ Ἀθηναίην κούρην Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο·","translation":"to Pallas Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l42.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰγιόχοιο","title":"Aegis-bearing Zeus","body":"αἰγίοχος (\"aegis-bearing\") is a fixed epithet of Zeus, referring to his storm-shield, the aegis."}],"words":[{"surface":"Παλλάδ","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθηναίην","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρην","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρην","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"αἰγιόχοιο 'aegis-bearing' is a standing epithet of Zeus, formulaic across the epic."}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b3-l43","source":"εὔχεο νῦν, ὦ ξεῖνε, Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι·","translation":"\"Pray now, stranger, to the lord Poseidon,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l43.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εὔχεο","title":"Present imperative","body":"εὔχεο is a present middle imperative, \"pray.\" The middle voice suits a verb of personal religious act."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχεο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχεο","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger","note":"vocative ξεῖνε, the standard polite address to a guest in Homeric hospitality scenes."},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχεο","gloss":"to Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάωνι","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b3-l44","source":"τοῦ γὰρ καὶ δαίτης ἠντήσατε δεῦρο μολόντες.","translation":"for it is his feast you have come upon, arriving here.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δαίτης","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δαίτης","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠντήσατε","gloss":"of the feast"},{"surface":"ἠντήσατε","lemma":"ἀντάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have met with"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μολόντες","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"μολόντες","lemma":"βλώσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠντήσατε","gloss":"having come"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b3-l45","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν σπείσῃς τε καὶ εὔξεαι, ἣ θέμις ἐστί,","translation":"But when you have poured the libation and prayed, as is right,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l45.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θέμις","title":"What is right/sanctioned","body":"θέμις denotes what is established as proper by divine and social custom, here the correct ritual order."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σπείσῃς","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"you pour libation"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"you pray"},{"surface":"εὔξεαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"the custom","note":"θέμις 'that which is customary/right', a key Homeric concept of divinely sanctioned proper order."},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b3-l46","source":"δὸς καὶ τούτῳ ἔπειτα δέπας μελιηδέος οἴνου","translation":"then give this man too the cup of honey-sweet wine","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τούτῳ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to this one"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὸς","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"μελιηδέος","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνου","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"οἴνου","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"of wine","note":"μελιηδέος οἴνου 'honey-sweet wine', a common Homeric formula for wine's pleasing taste."}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b3-l47","source":"σπεῖσαι, ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῦτον ὀίομαι ἀθανάτοισιν","translation":"to pour an offering, since I think he also prays","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπεῖσαι","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to δὸς","gloss":"to pour libation"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of εὔχεσθαι","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"ὀίομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of εὔχεσθαι","gloss":"to the immortals"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b3-l48","source":"εὔχεσθαι· πάντες δὲ θεῶν χατέουσʼ ἄνθρωποι.","translation":"to the immortals; for all men have need of the gods.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχεσθαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ὀίομαι","gloss":"prays"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνθρωποι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, for"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of χατέουσ᾽","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"χατέουσ","lemma":"χατέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have need"},{"surface":"ἄνθρωποι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of χατέουσ᾽","gloss":"men","note":"πάντες…χατέουσ᾽ ἄνθρωποι, a gnomic maxim: all humans need the gods, a proverbial Homeric truth-claim."}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b3-l49","source":"ἀλλὰ νεώτερός ἐστιν, ὁμηλικίη δʼ ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ·","translation":"But he is younger, of an age with me;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νεώτερός","lemma":"νεώτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ὁμηλικίη","lemma":"ὁμηλικία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"same age"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὁμηλικίη","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐμοὶ","gloss":"myself","note":"Telemachus (masked as speaker's peer) is called ὁμηλικίη with Nestor's son, marking their bond as agemates."}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b3-l50","source":"τοὔνεκα σοὶ προτέρῳ δώσω χρύσειον ἄλεισον.","translation":"so to you, the elder, I will give the golden cup first.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκα","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δώσω","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"προτέρῳ","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the elder"},{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"χρύσειον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλεισον","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἄλεισον","lemma":"ἄλεισον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"cup","note":"σοὶ προτέρῳ 'to you the elder [first]' — courtesy of serving the older guest before the younger, per Homeric etiquette."}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b3-l51","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χειρὶ τίθει δέπας ἡδέος οἴνου·","translation":"So saying, he placed in her hand the cup of sweet wine;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἡδέος","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνου","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"οἴνου","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b3-l52","source":"χαῖρε δʼ Ἀθηναίη πεπνυμένῳ ἀνδρὶ δικαίῳ,","translation":"and Athena was glad at the wise and just man,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l52.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δικαίῳ","title":"Just man","body":"δίκαιος (\"just, righteous\") praises Peisistratus for honoring the elder guest first, the fair and proper choice."}],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was glad"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χαῖρε","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένῳ","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"wise, prudent","note":"πεπνυμένῳ ἀνδρὶ here refers to Peisistratus, praised for correctly giving the cup to the elder guest (Athena/Mentor) first — not to Telemachus, though the epithet is used of him elsewhere in the poem."},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χαῖρε","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"δικαίῳ","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b3-l53","source":"οὕνεκα οἷ προτέρῃ δῶκε χρύσειον ἄλεισον·","translation":"because he gave the golden cup to her first;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"οἷ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"προτέρῃ","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"χρύσειον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλεισον","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ἄλεισον","lemma":"ἄλεισον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"cup"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b3-l54","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ εὔχετο πολλὰ Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι·","translation":"and at once she prayed earnestly to the lord Poseidon:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔχετο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"earnestly, much"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχετο","gloss":"to Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάωνι","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b3-l55","source":"κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον γαιήοχε, μηδὲ μεγήρῃς","translation":"\"Hear me, Poseidon, earth-holder, and do not grudge","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l55.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κλῦθι","title":"Aorist imperative of prayer","body":"κλῦθι (\"hear!\") is a root aorist imperative, the conventional opening of a Homeric prayer."}],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθι","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear!","note":"κλῦθι, an aorist imperative 'hear!', the standard opening of Homeric prayers addressed to a god."},{"surface":"Ποσείδαον","lemma":"Ποσειδῶν","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"γαιήοχε","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποσείδαον","gloss":"earth-holder","note":"γαιήοχε 'earth-holder/earth-embracer' is Poseidon's fixed cult epithet, tied to his power over land and sea."},{"surface":"μεγήρῃς","lemma":"μεγαίρω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grudge, begrudge"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b3-l56","source":"ἡμῖν εὐχομένοισι τελευτῆσαι τάδε ἔργα.","translation":"us who pray that you fulfill these deeds.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεγήρῃς","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"εὐχομένοισι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τελευτῆσαι","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεγήρῃς","gloss":"to fulfill"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τελευτῆσαι","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b3-l57","source":"Νέστορι μὲν πρώτιστα καὶ υἱάσι κῦδος ὄπαζε,","translation":"First of all grant glory to Nestor and his sons,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l57.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κῦδος","title":"Glory/renown","body":"κῦδος is the radiant prestige granted by a god, distinct from kleos (fame in report)."}],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορι","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to Nestor"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρώτιστα","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὄπαζε","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱάσι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to his sons"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὄπαζε","gloss":"glory","note":"κῦδος, epic word for battle-glory/renown granted by gods, common formula-word"},{"surface":"ὄπαζε","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant! (imperative)","note":"present imperative ὄπαζε, a prayer-command form addressed to a god"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b3-l58","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἄλλοισι δίδου χαρίεσσαν ἀμοιβὴν","translation":"and then give to the others a gracious recompense,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δίδου","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πυλίοισιν","gloss":"to the others"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give!","note":"present imperative δίδου (root δο-), contrasts with aorist δὸς two lines later — same verb, different aspect"},{"surface":"χαρίεσσαν","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμοιβὴν","gloss":"gracious"},{"surface":"ἀμοιβὴν","lemma":"ἀμοιβή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"recompense"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b3-l59","source":"σύμπασιν Πυλίοισιν ἀγακλειτῆς ἑκατόμβης.","translation":"to all the men of Pylos, for the glorious hecatomb.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύμπασιν","lemma":"σύμπας","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πυλίοισιν","gloss":"to all together"},{"surface":"Πυλίοισιν","lemma":"Πύλιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"to the Pylians","note":"Πύλιος, 'man of Pylos' — ethnic adjective used as noun, dative plural in -οισιν (epic ending)"},{"surface":"ἀγακλειτῆς","lemma":"ἀγακλειτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβης","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβης","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀμοιβὴν","gloss":"hecatomb","note":"ἑκατόμβη literally 'hundred oxen,' the great sacrifice underway in this scene"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b3-l60","source":"δὸς δʼ ἔτι Τηλέμαχον καὶ ἐμὲ πρήξαντα νέεσθαι,","translation":"And grant that Telemachus and I go home with our errand done,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant!","note":"aorist imperative δὸς — the punctual/immediate counterpart to the present imperative δίδου above"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὸς","gloss":"still, also"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"πρήξαντα","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having accomplished","note":"aorist participle πρήξαντα, 'having done/accomplished (our business)' — modifies both Telemachus and 'me'"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to return home","note":"νέεσθαι, epic verb 'to go/come home,' the safe homecoming (nostos) theme"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b3-l61","source":"οὕνεκα δεῦρʼ ἱκόμεσθα θοῇ σὺν νηὶ μελαίνῃ.","translation":"for which we came here in our swift black ship.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l61.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θοῇ σὺν νηὶ μελαίνῃ","title":"Swift black ship","body":"\"Swift\" and \"black\" are standing formulaic epithets of ships throughout the Odyssey."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for which reason"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱκόμεσθα","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἱκόμεσθα","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"we came","note":"ἱκόμεσθα, aorist middle 1st plural of ἱκνέομαι 'arrive'"},{"surface":"θοῇ","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"black","note":"'black ship' (νηὶ μελαίνῃ) is a stock Homeric epithet-formula for a ship at sea"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b3-l62","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔπειτʼ ἠρᾶτο καὶ αὐτὴ πάντα τελεύτα.","translation":"So she prayed then, and herself was bringing it all to pass.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠρᾶτο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she prayed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself","note":"αὐτὴ emphasizes that Athena (disguised as Mentor) both prays and fulfills the prayer herself — dramatic irony"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τελεύτα","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"τελεύτα","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was bringing to pass"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b3-l63","source":"δῶκε δὲ Τηλεμάχῳ καλὸν δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον·","translation":"She gave Telemachus the fine two-handled cup,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she gave"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to Telemachus"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"fine, beautiful"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλον","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"double-handled","note":"ἀμφικύπελλον 'with a cup on both sides/two-handled,' a fixed Homeric epithet for ceremonial drinking cups"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b3-l64","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως ἠρᾶτο Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός.","translation":"and in the same way the dear son of Odysseus prayed.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"in the same way"},{"surface":"ἠρᾶτο","lemma":"ἀράομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠρᾶτο","gloss":"son","note":"φίλος υἱός, 'dear son' — a formulaic epithet-phrase identifying Telemachus in relation to his father (not a true patronymic, which would be a name-form like Νηληϊάδη below)"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b3-l65","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤπτησαν κρέʼ ὑπέρτερα καὶ ἐρύσαντο,","translation":"When they had roasted the outer meat and drawn it off,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὤπτησαν","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"they roasted"},{"surface":"κρέ","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"meat","note":"κρέα (here elided κρέ᾽), neuter plural of κρέας, the meat from the sacrifice"},{"surface":"ὑπέρτερα","lemma":"ὑπέρτερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέ᾽","gloss":"outer, upper"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"they drew off"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b3-l66","source":"μοίρας δασσάμενοι δαίνυντʼ ἐρικυδέα δαῖτα.","translation":"they divided the portions and feasted a glorious feast.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοίρας","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δασσάμενοι","gloss":"portions"},{"surface":"δασσάμενοι","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"having divided"},{"surface":"δαίνυντ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they feasted","note":"δαίνυντ᾽, imperfect of δαίνυμι 'give a feast'; note the cognate accusative with δαῖτα 'feasted a feast'"},{"surface":"ἐρικυδέα","lemma":"ἐρικυδής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δαίνυντ᾽","gloss":"feast"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b3-l67","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put away their desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l67.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"Formulaic line for finishing a meal","body":"This whole verse is a fixed Homeric formula closing a banquet scene, \"when they had put away desire for drink and food.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out (intensifying)","note":"ἐξ here is a preverb-like intensifier with ἕντο ('sent out/away'), not a true governed preposition"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire","note":"ἔρος, epic form of ἔρως 'desire, longing' — here desire for food and drink, not romantic love"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they put away","note":"ἕντο, aorist middle of ἵημι, idiom 'ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο' = 'they satisfied/put away their desire (for food)'"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b3-l68","source":"τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"to them the Gerenian horseman Nestor began to speak:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l68.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ","title":"Gerenian horseman Nestor","body":"Nestor's full formulaic title; \"Gerenian\" likely refers to a place associated with him, \"horseman\" to his heroic role."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of words"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began","note":"ἦρχε μύθων, 'began of speech(es)' — idiom with genitive object meaning 'began to speak'"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian","note":"Γερήνιος, a recurring cult-title/epithet of Nestor linked to the town Gerenia, part of his fixed epic formula"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor","note":"'Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ' is a fixed formulaic line-end epithet for Nestor throughout the poem"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b3-l69","source":"νῦν δὴ κάλλιόν ἐστι μεταλλῆσαι καὶ ἐρέσθαι","translation":"\"Now it is better to inquire and to ask","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κάλλιόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"κάλλιόν, neuter comparative of καλός used impersonally as predicate with ἐστι, 'it is better'"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is"},{"surface":"μεταλλῆσαι","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to inquire"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρέσθαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to ask"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b3-l70","source":"ξείνους, οἱ τινές εἰσιν, ἐπεὶ τάρπησαν ἐδωδῆς.","translation":"the strangers who they are, since they have had their fill of food.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the strangers"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"subject of εἰσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τινές","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"whoever, who"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"they are"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τάρπησαν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"they had their fill","note":"τάρπησαν, aorist passive of τέρπω, idiomatic 'were satisfied/delighted (by food)'"},{"surface":"ἐδωδῆς","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τάρπησαν","gloss":"of food"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b3-l71","source":"ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; πόθεν πλεῖθʼ ὑγρὰ κέλευθα;","translation":"Strangers, who are you? From where do you sail the watery ways?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l71.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑγρὰ κέλευθα","title":"Watery ways","body":"ὑγρὰ κέλευθα, \"the wet paths,\" is a poetic formula for the sea-routes."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O (exclamation)"},{"surface":"ξεῖνοι","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"strangers","note":"vocative ξεῖνοι opens Nestor's direct address — the standard Homeric greeting-formula to newcomers"},{"surface":"τίνες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐστέ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"πόθεν","lemma":"πόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλεῖθ᾽","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"πλεῖθ","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you sail"},{"surface":"ὑγρὰ","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"watery"},{"surface":"κέλευθα","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πλεῖθ᾽","gloss":"paths","note":"ὑγρὰ κέλευθα 'watery paths/ways' is a fixed epic kenning for the sea-routes"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b3-l72","source":"ἤ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε","translation":"Is it on some business, or do you wander at random","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on, in"},{"surface":"πρῆξιν","lemma":"πρᾶξις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατά","gloss":"business, errand"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μαψιδίως","lemma":"μαψίδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"at random, aimlessly"},{"surface":"ἀλάλησθε","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you wander","note":"ἀλάλησθε, perfect-form-as-present of ἀλάομαι, describing habitual wandering — Nestor's blunt pirate-question, a stock formula"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b3-l73","source":"οἷά τε ληιστῆρες ὑπεὶρ ἅλα, τοί τʼ ἀλόωνται","translation":"like pirates over the sea, who roam about","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷά","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such as, like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed (epic particle)"},{"surface":"ληιστῆρες","lemma":"λῃστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"pirates","note":"ληιστῆρες 'pirates/raiders' — Nestor's blunt hospitality-question echoes a common epic type-scene"},{"surface":"ὑπεὶρ","lemma":"ὑπείρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπεὶρ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὅ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλόωνται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed (epic particle)"},{"surface":"ἀλόωνται","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ληιστῆρες","gloss":"roam about"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b3-l74","source":"ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι κακὸν ἀλλοδαποῖσι φέροντες;","translation":"risking their lives and bringing harm to strangers?\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχὰς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρθέμενοι","gloss":"lives","note":"ψυχάς, 'lives/souls' — object of 'risking,' echoing the mortal danger piracy involves"},{"surface":"παρθέμενοι","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλόωνται","gloss":"risking","note":"παρθέμενοι, aorist middle participle of παρατίθημι, idiom 'staking/risking (one's life)'"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of πέροντες","gloss":"harm, evil"},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαποῖσι","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πέροντες","gloss":"to foreigners"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b3-l75","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise, prudent","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle 'having good sense,' Telemachus's standing epithet marking his new maturity"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b3-l76","source":"θαρσήσας· αὐτὴ γὰρ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θάρσος Ἀθήνη","translation":"taking courage; for Athena herself put boldness in his heart","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαρσήσας","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"taking courage","note":"θαρσήσας, aorist participle — signals Telemachus's growth in confidence, a key theme of Book 3"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"θάρσος","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θῆχ᾽","gloss":"boldness"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θῆχ᾽","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b3-l77","source":"θῆχʼ, ἵνα μιν περὶ πατρὸς ἀποιχομένοιο ἔροιτο","translation":"so that he might ask about his absent father","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θῆχ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put","note":"θῆχ᾽ (θῆκε), aorist of τίθημι — Athena's covert intervention, continuing across the line-break from Ἀθήνη...θῆχ᾽"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔροιτο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"his father"},{"surface":"ἀποιχομένοιο","lemma":"ἀποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"being absent","note":"ἀποιχομένοιο, genitive participle 'having gone away,' the poem's recurring euphemism for Odysseus's unknown fate"},{"surface":"ἔροιτο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"he might ask","note":"ἔροιτο, aorist optative expressing purpose after ἵνα"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b3-l78","source":"ἠδʼ ἵνα μιν κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ἔχῃσιν·","translation":"and so that he might win good fame among men:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l78.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος ἐσθλὸν","title":"Good fame (kleos)","body":"κλέος is fame as it lives in song and report; Telemachus is to gain a noble reputation by his conduct here."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχῃσιν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχῃσιν","gloss":"fame","note":"κλέος, the central epic theme of 'glory/renown' Telemachus seeks to win by acting like his father"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"among men"},{"surface":"ἔχῃσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might have"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b3-l79","source":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη, μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"\"Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O (exclamation)"},{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδη","lemma":"Νηληιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορ","gloss":"son of Neleus","note":"Νηληϊάδη, patronymic vocative — formal epic address by lineage, showing Telemachus's new confidence in speech"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"glory"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"of the Achaeans","note":"'great glory of the Achaeans' is a formulaic honorific for a preeminent hero, here addressed to Nestor"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b3-l80","source":"εἴρεαι ὁππόθεν εἰμέν· ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω.","translation":"you ask where we are from; I will tell you plainly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴρεαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you ask"},{"surface":"ὁππόθεν","lemma":"ὁπόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"εἰμέν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of εἴρεαι","gloss":"we are"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καταλέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (modal particle)","note":"κέ (=ἄν) modal particle with future καταλέξω, softening the assertion in epic style"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell fully","note":"καταλέξω, future of καταλέγω 'recount in order,' signals a formal, detailed narration to follow"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b3-l81","source":"ἡμεῖς ἐξ Ἰθάκης ὑπονηίου εἰλήλουθμεν·","translation":"We have come from Ithaca, beneath Mount Neion;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰλήλουθμεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκης","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"ὑπονηίου","lemma":"ὑπονήιος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκης","gloss":"below Mount Neion","note":"ὑπονήιος 'beneath (Mount) Neion,' a local Ithacan landmark epithet identifying home precisely"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we have come","note":"εἰλήλουθμεν, perfect of ἔρχομαι, stressing the completed journey now finished at Pylos"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b3-l82","source":"πρῆξις δʼ ἥδʼ ἰδίη, οὐ δήμιος, ἣν ἀγορεύω.","translation":"and the matter I speak of is private, not public.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῆξις","lemma":"πρᾶξις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"business, errand"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πρῆξις","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἰδίη","lemma":"ἴδιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"private","note":"ἰδίη, contrasted with δήμιος 'public' — Telemachus signals this is personal family business, not state affairs"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δήμιος","lemma":"δήμιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"public"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύω","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πρῆξις","gloss":"I speak of"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b3-l83","source":"πατρὸς ἐμοῦ κλέος εὐρὺ μετέρχομαι, ἤν που ἀκούσω,","translation":"I am in search of the wide fame of my father, if somewhere I may hear of it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of my father"},{"surface":"ἐμοῦ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μετέρχομαι","gloss":"fame","note":"κλέος εὐρὺ 'wide fame' — Telemachus explicitly frames his journey as a quest for his father's κλέος"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"μετέρχομαι","lemma":"μετέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I seek, pursue"},{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"ἀκούσω","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"I may hear"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b3-l84","source":"δίου Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος, ὅν ποτέ φασι","translation":"of godlike, steadfast Odysseus, who once, they say,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l84.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ταλασίφρονος","title":"Steadfast-minded","body":"ταλασίφρων (\"of enduring spirit\") is an epithet of Odysseus, kin to his famous \"much-enduring\" character."}],"words":[{"surface":"δίου","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"δῖος, a stock epic epithet ('godlike/divine') routinely attached to Odysseus's name"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"steadfast-hearted","note":"ταλασίφρων, 'enduring-minded,' a signature epithet capturing Odysseus's defining trait of endurance"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξαλαπάξαι","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐξαλαπάξαι","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"φασι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"they say"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b3-l85","source":"σὺν σοὶ μαρνάμενον Τρώων πόλιν ἐξαλαπάξαι.","translation":"fighting at your side, sacked the city of the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μαρνάμενον","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fighting","note":"middle participle μάρναμαι: fighting as one's own activity, not done to you"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαλαπάξαι","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἐξαλαπάξαι","lemma":"ἐξαλαπάζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φασι","gloss":"sacked","note":"aorist infinitive after a verb of saying (φασι), reporting a completed act"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b3-l86","source":"ἄλλους μὲν γὰρ πάντας, ὅσοι Τρωσὶν πολέμιζον,","translation":"For of all the others who warred against the Trojans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πολέμιξον","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"Τρωσὶν","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πολέμιξον","gloss":"the Trojans","note":"dative plural object with πολέμιζον: 'war against' takes dative, not accusative"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b3-l87","source":"πευθόμεθʼ, ἧχι ἕκαστος ἀπώλετο λυγρῷ ὀλέθρῳ,","translation":"we have learned where each one died a wretched death,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πευθόμεθ","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we have learned","note":"πεύθομαι, middle 'inquire/learn by report' — contrasts with the unknown fate in the next line"},{"surface":"ἧχι","lemma":"ἧχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπώλετο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπώλετο","gloss":"each one"},{"surface":"ἀπώλετο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"λυγρῷ","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀλέθρῳ","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ὀλέθρῳ","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώλετο","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b3-l88","source":"κείνου δʼ αὖ καὶ ὄλεθρον ἀπευθέα θῆκε Κρονίων.","translation":"but his death the son of Cronos has made unknown.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l88.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Κρονίων","title":"Son of Cronos","body":"Κρονίων (\"son of Cronos\") is a patronymic title for Zeus."}],"words":[{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἀπευθέα","lemma":"ἀπευθής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of θῆκε","gloss":"unknown","note":"ἀπευθής 'unheard-of' as predicate: 'made his death unknown' — echoes Odysseus's uncertain fate theme"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has made"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"son of Cronos","note":"patronymic epithet for Zeus, formulaic epic naming"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b3-l89","source":"οὐ γάρ τις δύναται σάφα εἰπέμεν ὁππόθʼ ὄλωλεν,","translation":"For no one can say clearly where he perished,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύναται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"δύναται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is able"},{"surface":"σάφα","lemma":"σάφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπέμεν","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"εἰπέμεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναται","gloss":"to say","note":"epic infinitive εἰπέμεν (from εἶπον) instead of Attic εἰπεῖν"},{"surface":"ὁππόθ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλωλεν","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὄλωλεν","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"he perished","note":"perfect ὄλωλεν: emphasizes the lasting state of being dead/lost, not just the past event"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b3-l90","source":"εἴθʼ ὅ γʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου δάμη ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσιν,","translation":"whether on dry land he was killed by hostile men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴθ","lemma":"εἴτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴτε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠπείρου","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"dry land"},{"surface":"δάμη","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴτε","gloss":"was killed","note":"aorist passive of δαμάζω 'subdue, tame' — used of death in battle, 'was overcome'"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δάμη","gloss":"by men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέεσσιν","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"hostile"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b3-l91","source":"εἴτε καὶ ἐν πελάγει μετὰ κύμασιν Ἀμφιτρίτης.","translation":"or out on the deep amid the waves of Amphitrite.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴτε","lemma":"εἴτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πελάγει","lemma":"πέλαγος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the deep"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"κύμασιν","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιτρίτης","lemma":"Ἀμφιτρίτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κύμασιν","gloss":"of Amphitrite","note":"sea-goddess used metonymically for 'the sea' itself, epic personification"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b3-l92","source":"τοὔνεκα νῦν τὰ σὰ γούναθʼ ἱκάνομαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα","translation":"Therefore now I come as a suppliant to your knees, if you are willing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὔνεκα","lemma":"τοὔνεκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνομαι","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies γούναθ᾽","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σὰ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γούναθ᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"γούναθ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκάνομαι","gloss":"knees","note":"γούνατα as object of ἱκάνομαι: 'come to the knees' is the formulaic gesture of supplication"},{"surface":"ἱκάνομαι","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I come as suppliant"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσθα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you are willing","note":"subjunctive + κε in a future-like conditional, typical epic construction"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b3-l93","source":"κείνου λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον ἐνισπεῖν, εἴ που ὄπωπας","translation":"to tell of his grievous death, if perhaps you saw it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"λυγρὸν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνισπεῖν","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"ἐνισπεῖν","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλῃσθα","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ὄπωπας","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"you have seen","note":"perfect ὄπωπας (from ὁράω): 'you have the sight still with you,' not just a past glimpse"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b3-l94","source":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι τεοῖσιν ἢ ἄλλου μῦθον ἄκουσας","translation":"with your own eyes, or heard the report of some other","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσι","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὄπωπας","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"τεοῖσιν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμοῖσι","gloss":"your own"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἄλλου","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"another's"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσας","gloss":"report"},{"surface":"ἄκουσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b3-l95","source":"πλαζομένου· πέρι γάρ μιν ὀιζυρὸν τέκε μήτηρ.","translation":"wanderer; for his mother bore him to exceeding sorrow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλαζομένου","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wanderer","note":"genitive participle agreeing with the unnamed 'him' (Odysseus), continuing the sentence across lines"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"modifies ὀιζυρὸν","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὀιζυρὸν","lemma":"ὀιζυρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of τέκε","gloss":"to sorrow"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"mother"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b3-l96","source":"μηδέ τί μʼ αἰδόμενος μειλίσσεο μηδʼ ἐλεαίρων,","translation":"Do not, out of respect or pity for me, soften it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηδέ","lemma":"μηδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of αἰδόμενος","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αἰδόμενος","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μειλίσσεο","gloss":"out of respect for"},{"surface":"μειλίσσεο","lemma":"μειλίσσω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"soften it"},{"surface":"μηδ","lemma":"μηδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἐλεαίρων","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"pitying"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b3-l97","source":"ἀλλʼ εὖ μοι κατάλεξον ὅπως ἤντησας ὀπωπῆς.","translation":"but tell me well how you met the sight of him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατάλεξον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell in full","note":"aorist imperative καταλέγω 'recount point by point,' a formula for detailed narration"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἤντησας","lemma":"ἀντάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὃπως","gloss":"you met"},{"surface":"ὀπωπῆς","lemma":"ὀπωπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤντησας","gloss":"the sight of him"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b3-l98","source":"λίσσομαι, εἴ ποτέ τοί τι πατὴρ ἐμός, ἐσθλὸς Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"I beg you, if ever my father, noble Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσομαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I beg"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐξετέλεσσε","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐμός","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b3-l99","source":"ἢ ἔπος ἠέ τι ἔργον ὑποστὰς ἐξετέλεσσε","translation":"promised you some word or deed and carried it through","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l99.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὑποστὰς","title":"Aorist participle \"having undertaken\"","body":"ὑποστάς (\"having promised/undertaken\") is an aorist participle setting up the main verb ἐξετέλεσσε (\"carried through\")."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠέ","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠέ","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"ὑποστὰς","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξετέλεσσε","gloss":"having promised","note":"ὑποστάς 'having undertaken/promised' + ἐξετέλεσσε 'fulfilled': promise-then-deliver pairing"},{"surface":"ἐξετέλεσσε","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"carried out"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b3-l100","source":"δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων, ὅθι πάσχετε πήματʼ Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"in the land of the Trojans, where you Achaeans suffered hardship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l100.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δήμῳ","title":"Land/people (demos)","body":"δῆμος here means the territory or district of the Trojans, the community and its land."}],"words":[{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάσχετε","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πάσχετε","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δήμῳ","gloss":"you were suffering","note":"imperfect πάσχετε: ongoing hardship over the whole war, not a single event"},{"surface":"πήματ","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχετε","gloss":"hardships"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάσχετε","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b3-l101","source":"τῶν νῦν μοι μνῆσαι, καί μοι νημερτὲς ἐνίσπες.","translation":"remember it now for me, and tell me the unerring truth.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l101.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νημερτὲς","title":"Unerring truth","body":"νημερτής (\"unerring, infallible\") marks speech that is wholly true; it recurs as the standard of truthful telling."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μνῆσαι","gloss":"of these things"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μνῆσαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μνῆσαι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"μνῆσαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of καί","gloss":"recall"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνίσπες","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"νημερτὲς","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνίσπες","gloss":"the unerring truth"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπες","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of καί","gloss":"tell","note":"ἐνέπω, epic verb 'tell/relate,' paired with μνῆσαι for a formal request for a full account"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b3-l102","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then the Gerenian horseman Nestor answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian","note":"epithet of Nestor (from Gerenia), part of the fixed formulaic naming pattern"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b3-l103","source":"ὦ φίλʼ, ἐπεί μʼ ἔμνησας ὀιζύος, ἣν ἐν ἐκείνῳ","translation":"\"My friend, since you have reminded me of the misery that in that","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend","note":"vocative φίλε with an implied noun (e.g. τέκνον), address without explicit head — common ellipsis"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμνησας","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔμνησας","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"reminded"},{"surface":"ὀιζύος","lemma":"ὀιζύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"of misery"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνέτλημεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἐκείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b3-l104","source":"δήμῳ ἀνέτλημεν μένος ἄσχετοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"land we endured, we sons of the Achaeans, unrestrained in our fury,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἀνέτλημεν","lemma":"ἀνατλῆναι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὀιζύος","gloss":"we endured","note":"rare epic verb ἀνατλῆναι 'endure to the end,' aorist stem contrasting with normal τλάω forms"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄσχετοι","gloss":"fury","note":"μένος accusative of respect: 'unrestrained in fury,' a common epic adverbial accusative"},{"surface":"ἄσχετοι","lemma":"ἄσχετος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"unrestrained"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέτλημεν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b3-l105","source":"ἠμὲν ὅσα ξὺν νηυσὶν ἐπʼ ἠεροειδέα πόντον","translation":"both all that we suffered with our ships on the misty sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l105.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠεροειδέα πόντον","title":"Misty sea","body":"ἠεροειδής (\"hazy, misty\") is a recurring epithet of the sea, evoking its dim grey vastness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"ξὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδέα","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"misty","note":"ἠεροειδής 'like mist/haze,' a Homeric epithet for the open sea's dark, hazy expanse"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b3-l106","source":"πλαζόμενοι κατὰ ληίδʼ, ὅπῃ ἄρξειεν Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"wandering after plunder, wherever Achilles led,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλαζόμενοι","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ληίδ","lemma":"ληίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"plunder"},{"surface":"ὅπῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄρξειεν","gloss":"wherever"},{"surface":"ἄρξειεν","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"led","note":"aorist optative ἄρξειεν in a relative clause of repeated past action, 'whenever Achilles would lead'"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄρξειεν","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b3-l107","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσα καὶ περὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος","translation":"and all that we fought around the great city","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μαρνάμεθ᾽","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περί","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πριάμοιο","gloss":"lord","note":"ἄναξ appositive to Πριάμοιο, a common epic title stacked after a king's name"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b3-l108","source":"μαρνάμεθʼ· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτα κατέκταθεν ὅσσοι ἄριστοι.","translation":"of lord Priam; and there afterward all the best men were slain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρνάμεθ","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"we fought"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέκταθεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέκταθεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κατέκταθεν","lemma":"κατακτείνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were slain","note":"epic passive κατέκταθεν (root κτείνω) with -θεν ending, an old aorist passive form"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b3-l109","source":"ἔνθα μὲν Αἴας κεῖται ἀρήιος, ἔνθα δʼ Ἀχιλλεύς,","translation":"There warlike Ajax lies, and there Achilles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l109.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔνθα...ἔνθα","title":"Anaphora of \"there\"","body":"The repeated ἔνθα (\"there\") across these lines piles up the fallen heroes in solemn succession, a deliberate rhetorical pattern."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Αἴας","lemma":"Αἴας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"Ajax"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies","note":"κεῖμαι 'lie dead,' the standard epic verb for the fallen resting in death"},{"surface":"ἀρήιος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴας","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλεύς","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b3-l110","source":"ἔνθα δὲ Πάτροκλος, θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος,","translation":"and there Patroclus, a counselor equal to the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πάτροκλος","lemma":"Πάτροκλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Patroclus"},{"surface":"θεόφιν","lemma":"θεόφιν","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"like the gods","note":"θεόφιν, archaic instrumental/dative plural form of θεός used only in fixed epic phrases"},{"surface":"μήστωρ","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μήστωρ","gloss":"equal to"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b3-l111","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἐμὸς φίλος υἱός, ἅμα κρατερὸς καὶ ἀμύμων,","translation":"and there too my own dear son, strong and faultless alike,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"faultless"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b3-l112","source":"Ἀντίλοχος, πέρι μὲν θείειν ταχὺς ἠδὲ μαχητής·","translation":"Antilochus, surpassingly swift to run and a fighter;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀντίλοχος","lemma":"Ἀντίλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Antilochus","note":"Nestor's son, named here for the first time as the subject built up over the previous lines"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θείειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ταχὺς","gloss":"to run","note":"epic infinitive θείειν limiting the adjective ταχύς: 'swift with respect to running'"},{"surface":"ταχὺς","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαχητής","lemma":"μαχητής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"a fighter"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b3-l113","source":"ἄλλα τε πόλλʼ ἐπὶ τοῖς πάθομεν κακά· τίς κεν ἐκεῖνα","translation":"and many other troubles besides these we suffered. Who among","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακά","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακά","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"πάθομεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we suffered","note":"aorist πάθομεν closes the catalogue of griefs begun with imperfects, summing them as one whole"},{"surface":"κακά","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πάθομεν","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μυθήσαιτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἐκεῖνα","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μυθήσαιτο","gloss":"those things"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b3-l114","source":"πάντα γε μυθήσαιτο καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων;","translation":"mortal men could tell the whole of it?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l114.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μυθήσαιτο","title":"Potential optative","body":"The aorist optative with κεν marks a hypothetical: 'could tell.' Homer uses the optative for what is possible rather than actual."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐκεῖνα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μυθήσαιτο","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could tell","note":"aorist optative of potentiality: 'could tell', a wish-tinged hypothetical, not a past fact"},{"surface":"καταθνητῶν","lemma":"καταθνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b3-l115","source":"οὐδʼ εἰ πεντάετές γε καὶ ἑξάετες παραμίμνων","translation":"Not even if you stayed on for five years, or six,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πεντάετές","lemma":"πενταετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"five years","note":"compound numeral adjective πεντα-ετής 'of five years', used adverbially like an accusative of duration"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑξάετες","lemma":"ἑξαετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"six years"},{"surface":"παραμίμνων","lemma":"παραμίμνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξερέοις","gloss":"staying on"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b3-l116","source":"ἐξερέοις ὅσα κεῖθι πάθον κακὰ δῖοι Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"could you learn all the evils the noble Achaeans suffered there;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξερέοις","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you could learn","note":"future optative in a remote conditional: 'you would (be able to) learn'"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"κεῖθι","lemma":"ἐκεῖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάθον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πάθον","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἐξερέοις","gloss":"suffered"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πάθον","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"δῖοι","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάθον","gloss":"Achaeans","note":"δῖοι Ἀχαιοί, a stock Homeric epithet-noun pair filling the line's end"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b3-l117","source":"πρίν κεν ἀνιηθεὶς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκοιο.","translation":"before that you would grow weary and return to your native land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l117.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀνιηθεὶς","title":"Aorist passive participle","body":"ἀνιηθείς, 'having been worn out, vexed,' is an aorist passive participle agreeing with the subject. It conveys the cause that drives him home before the tale ends."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνιηθεὶς","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἀνιηθεὶς","lemma":"ἀνιάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκοιο","gloss":"growing weary"},{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκοιο","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἵκοιο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would return","note":"aorist optative with πρίν κεν: potential/future-remote sense, 'you would get home first'"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b3-l118","source":"εἰνάετες γάρ σφιν κακὰ ῥάπτομεν ἀμφιέποντες","translation":"For nine years we wove evils for them, beset them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰνάετες","lemma":"εἰναετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ῥάπτομεν","gloss":"nine years","note":"εἰναετής, another compound numeral-adjective used adverbially, echoing πεντάετες/ἑξάετες above"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥάπτομεν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥάπτομεν","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"ῥάπτομεν","lemma":"ῥάπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we wove","note":"ῥάπτω lit. 'stitch/weave', a vivid metaphor for plotting harm—cf. English 'weaving a scheme'"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέποντες","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥάπτομεν","gloss":"beset them"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b3-l119","source":"παντοίοισι δόλοισι, μόγις δʼ ἐτέλεσσε Κρονίων.","translation":"with cunning of every kind, and Zeus barely brought it to its end.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l119.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Κρονίων","title":"The son of Cronus","body":"Κρονίων ('son of Cronus') is a patronymic epithet for Zeus. Homer constantly names gods and heroes by descent."}],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίοισι","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλοισι","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"δόλοισι","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ῥάπτομεν","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"μόγις","lemma":"μόγις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτέλεσσε","gloss":"barely","note":"μόγις 'with difficulty, scarcely' — stresses how hard-won Troy's fall was even for Zeus's will"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτέλεσσε","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought to end"},{"surface":"Κρονίων","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐτέλεσσε","gloss":"Zeus","note":"Κρονίων 'son of Cronus', a patronymic epithet standing in for Ζεύς"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b3-l120","source":"ἔνθʼ οὔ τίς ποτε μῆτιν ὁμοιωθήμεναι ἄντην","translation":"There no man wished to match his wits with him face to face,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤθελ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤθελ᾽","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμοιωθήμεναι","gloss":"wits","note":"μῆτις, the very quality (cunning intelligence) most associated with Odysseus himself"},{"surface":"ὁμοιωθήμεναι","lemma":"ὁμοιόω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελ᾽","gloss":"to be matched","note":"aorist passive infinitive 'to be made equal', governed by the following ἤθελ' 'wished'"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὁμοιωθήμεναι","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b3-l121","source":"ἤθελʼ, ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἐνίκα δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"since godlike Odysseus far surpassed them all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤθελ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished","note":"ἤθελ(ε), completing the thought begun in the previous line — no one wished to rival him"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐνίκα","gloss":"by much"},{"surface":"ἐνίκα","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"surpassed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Odysseus","note":"δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, the poem's recurring epithet-name formula for its hero"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b3-l122","source":"παντοίοισι δόλοισι, πατὴρ τεός, εἰ ἐτεόν γε","translation":"in cunning of every kind — your father, if indeed you are","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίοισι","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλοισι","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"δόλοισι","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνίκα","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τεός","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"your","note":"τεός, an epic/Ionic possessive form of 'your' rare in later Attic prose"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔκγονός","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b3-l123","source":"κείνου ἔκγονός ἐσσι· σέβας μʼ ἔχει εἰσορόωντα.","translation":"truly his offspring. Awe holds me as I look at you.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l123.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰσορόωντα","title":"Distended participle","body":"εἰσορόωντα ('looking at') is an accusative present participle in the so-called Homeric 'distended' form, lengthened from εἰσορῶντα to fit the meter."}],"words":[{"surface":"κείνου","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔκγονός","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔκγονός","lemma":"ἔκγονος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"offspring"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"σέβας","lemma":"σέβας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"awe","note":"σέβας 'awe, reverent wonder' — Nestor's reaction to seeing Telemachus resemble his father so closely"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντα","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"looking at"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b3-l124","source":"ἦ τοι γὰρ μῦθοί γε ἐοικότες, οὐδέ κε φαίης","translation":"For your speech is like his, and you would not say","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μῦθοί","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐοικότες","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"like his","note":"perfect participle of ἔοικα 'to resemble' — a state verb whose perfect form still means present 'is like'"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"φαίης","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would say"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b3-l125","source":"ἄνδρα νεώτερον ὧδε ἐοικότα μυθήσασθαι.","translation":"that a younger man could speak so much like him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"νεώτερον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐοικότα","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of μυθήσασθαι","gloss":"like","note":"perfect participle 'resembling', paired with ἐοικότες above to frame the whole Telemachus/Odysseus comparison"},{"surface":"μυθήσασθαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φαίης","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b3-l126","source":"ἔνθʼ ἦ τοι ἧος μὲν ἐγὼ καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"There, all the while I and godlike Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"as long as","note":"ἧος = ἕως 'while, as long as', epic form of the Attic conjunction"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b3-l127","source":"οὔτε ποτʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ δίχʼ ἐβάζομεν οὔτʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ,","translation":"never spoke apart in the assembly, nor in the council,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰν","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"δίχ","lemma":"δίχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐβάζομεν","gloss":"apart","note":"δίχα 'apart, differently' — Nestor stresses that he and Odysseus never spoke at cross-purposes"},{"surface":"ἐβάζομεν","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we spoke"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"council"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b3-l128","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντε νόῳ καὶ ἐπίφρονι βουλῇ","translation":"but holding one heart, with mind and prudent counsel","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l128.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔχοντε","title":"Dual participle","body":"ἔχοντε is a dual present participle: 'the two of them holding.' Homer uses the dual number freely for pairs acting together."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕνα","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔχοντε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to φραζόμεθ᾽","gloss":"holding","note":"dual participle ἔχοντε — the special Homeric dual number, used because exactly two men (Nestor and Odysseus) act together"},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίφρονι","lemma":"ἐπίφρων","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλῇ","gloss":"prudent"},{"surface":"βουλῇ","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b3-l129","source":"φραζόμεθʼ Ἀργείοισιν ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα γένοιτο.","translation":"we devised for the Argives how things might turn out best.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φραζόμεθ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we devised"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φραζόμεθ᾽","gloss":"for the Argives"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far","note":"ὄχα 'by far, greatly' — an intensifying adverb used with a superlative (ὄχ' ἄριστα 'by far the best'), not a superlative itself; 'most' beside 'best' reads as a double superlative and misstates the word's sense"},{"surface":"ἄριστα","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"might turn out","note":"aorist optative in an indirect deliberative clause after ὅπως: 'how it might best come about'"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b3-l130","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Πριάμοιο πόλιν διεπέρσαμεν αἰπήν,","translation":"But once we had sacked the steep city of Priam,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"Priam's"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διεπέρσαμεν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"διεπέρσαμεν","lemma":"διαπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"we sacked"},{"surface":"αἰπήν","lemma":"αἰπός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"steep","note":"αἰπήν 'steep, sheer' — a standard Homeric epithet for Troy's citadel"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b3-l131","source":"βῆμεν δʼ ἐν νήεσσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐκέδασσεν Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"and embarked in the ships, and a god scattered the Achaeans,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆμεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"we went","note":"root aorist βῆμεν 'we went/embarked', a bare unaugmented form typical of epic diction"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νήεσσι","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐσκέδασσεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐσκέδασσεν","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b3-l132","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ Ζεὺς λυγρὸν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μήδετο νόστον","translation":"then indeed Zeus devised in his heart a grievous homecoming","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l132.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"nostos: homecoming","body":"νόστος, 'homecoming, return voyage,' is the central theme of the poem and the source of our word 'nostalgia.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μήδετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήδετο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"λυγρὸν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart","note":"φρεσί (locative dative pl. of φρήν) 'in the mind/heart', the seat of thought in Homeric psychology"},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"homecoming"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b3-l133","source":"Ἀργείοις, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι νοήμονες οὐδὲ δίκαιοι","translation":"for the Argives, since not all of them were thoughtful or just;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείοις","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"for the Argives"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"νοήμονες","lemma":"νοήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"thoughtful"},{"surface":"δίκαιοι","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b3-l134","source":"πάντες ἔσαν· τῶ σφεων πολέες κακὸν οἶτον ἐπέσπον","translation":"and so many of them met an evil fate","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"τῶ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέσπον","gloss":"therefore","note":"τῷ used adverbially 'therefore, so', an inferential particle-like use of the dative pronoun"},{"surface":"σφεων","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πολέες","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"πολέες","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐπέσπον","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"οἶτον","lemma":"οἶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέσπον","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ἐπέσπον","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"met","note":"ἐπέσπον, root aorist of ἐφέπω, idiom 'follow/meet a fate' — οἶτον ἐπέσπον = 'met their doom'"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b3-l135","source":"μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς γλαυκώπιδος ὀβριμοπάτρης.","translation":"through the deadly wrath of the grey-eyed daughter of a mighty father,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l135.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκώπιδος ὀβριμοπάτρης","title":"Epithets of Athena","body":"γλαυκῶπις ('grey-eyed' / 'gleaming-eyed') and ὀβριμοπάτρη ('daughter of a mighty father') are fixed epithets for Athena, here in the genitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"μήνιος","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"wrath"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀλοῆς","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μήνιος","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"γλαυκώπιδος","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μήνιος","gloss":"grey-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's standing epithet 'flashing/grey-eyed', used here without naming her directly"},{"surface":"ὀβριμοπάτρης","lemma":"ὀβριμοπάτρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γλαυκώπιδος","gloss":"mighty-fathered","note":"ὀβριμοπάτρη 'daughter of a mighty father' (Zeus) — a rare compound epithet unique to Athena"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b3-l136","source":"ἥ τʼ ἔριν Ἀτρεΐδῃσι μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἔθηκε.","translation":"who set strife between the two sons of Atreus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔθηκε","gloss":"she who","note":"ἥ, relative pronoun referring back to the goddess (Athena) implied by γλαυκώπιδος ὀβριμοπάτρης"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔριν","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃσι","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"sons of Atreus"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισιν","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀτρεΐδῃσι","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b3-l137","source":"τὼ δὲ καλεσσαμένω ἀγορὴν ἐς πάντας Ἀχαιούς,","translation":"These two summoned all the Achaeans to assembly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l137.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"καλεσσαμένω","title":"Dual middle participle","body":"καλεσσαμένω is a dual aorist middle participle, 'the two having called.' The middle voice marks that they summon the assembly for their own concern."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μυθείσθην","gloss":"the two","note":"τώ, dual pronoun 'those two' referring to Agamemnon and Menelaus, matching the dual verb μυθείσθην below"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλεσσαμένω","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative dual neuter","role":"adverbial to μυθείσθην","gloss":"having summoned","note":"dual participle 'the two having called', again marking the special pairing of the brothers"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιούς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καλεσσαμένω","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b3-l138","source":"μάψ, ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον, ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα,","translation":"rashly, and not in due order, at the setting of the sun;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάψ","lemma":"μάψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀτὰρ","gloss":"rashly"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"order"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντα","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἠέλιον","gloss":"setting","note":"unusual timing for an assembly — sunset, hinting at the brothers' disorderly haste"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b3-l139","source":"οἱ ἦλθον οἴνῳ βεβαρηότες υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"and the sons of the Achaeans came heavy with wine.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βεβαρηότες","gloss":"with wine"},{"surface":"βεβαρηότες","lemma":"βαρέω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"heavy","note":"perfect participle 'having been weighed down' — vivid image of drunken soldiers stumbling to assembly"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b3-l140","source":"μῦθον μυθείσθην, τοῦ εἵνεκα λαὸν ἄγειραν.","translation":"The two made their speeches, telling why they had gathered the host.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μυθείσθην","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"μυθείσθην","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made speeches","note":"dual verb μυθείσθην 'the two spoke', continuing the dual number begun with τώ in l.137"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of which"},{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγειραν","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἄγειραν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of μυθείσθην","gloss":"had gathered"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b3-l141","source":"ἔνθʼ ἤ τοι Μενέλαος ἀνώγει πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς","translation":"There Menelaus urged all the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὺς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μιμνήσκεσθαι","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b3-l142","source":"νόστου μιμνήσκεσθαι ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης,","translation":"to turn their minds to homecoming over the sea's broad back,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νόστου","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μιμνήσκεσθαι","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"μιμνήσκεσθαι","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to turn minds to","note":"middle voice: 'remind themselves/be mindful of', governs genitive νόστου"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"εὐρέα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐπ᾽","gloss":"back","note":"νῶτα 'backs' (pl.) for the sea's surface — vivid Homeric plural for a single expanse"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b3-l143","source":"οὐδʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι πάμπαν ἑήνδανε· βούλετο γάρ ῥα","translation":"but this did not at all please Agamemnon; for he wished","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἑήνδανε","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑήνδανε","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἑήνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased","note":"ἑήνδανε: epic augmented/reduplicated form of ἁνδάνω 'be pleasing', + dative object"},{"surface":"βούλετο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"ῥα, enclitic form of ἄρα, light connective 'then/so' common in oral verse"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b3-l144","source":"λαὸν ἐρυκακέειν ῥέξαι θʼ ἱερὰς ἑκατόμβας,","translation":"to hold back the host and offer sacred hecatombs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαὸν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρυκακέειν","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἐρυκακέειν","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"to hold back","note":"ἐρυκακέειν: uncontracted epic infinitive ending -έειν (for -εῖν)"},{"surface":"ῥέξαι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"to offer"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερὰς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέξαι","gloss":"hecatombs","note":"ἑκατόμβη literally '100 oxen', formulaic large-scale sacrifice"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b3-l145","source":"ὡς τὸν Ἀθηναίης δεινὸν χόλον ἐξακέσαιτο,","translation":"so that he might heal the terrible anger of Athena —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies χόλον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίης","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χόλον","gloss":"of Athena"},{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλον","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"χόλον","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξακέσαιτο","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"ἐξακέσαιτο","lemma":"ἐξακέομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"might heal","note":"optative in a purpose clause after ὡς: 'so that he might appease'"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b3-l146","source":"νήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ ᾔδη, ὃ οὐ πείσεσθαι ἔμελλεν·","translation":"the fool, who did not know that she would not be persuaded;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l146.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νήπιος","title":"nepios: fool","body":"νήπιος ('fool, childish one') is Homer's marker of tragic blindness — a character who fails to see what the audience already knows."}],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fool","note":"νήπιος, standard epic epithet marking a character's fatal misjudgment"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew","note":"ᾔδη: pluperfect of οἶδα functions as a simple past 'knew'"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πείσεσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"would be persuaded"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὃ","gloss":"was going to"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b3-l147","source":"οὐ γάρ τʼ αἶψα θεῶν τρέπεται νόος αἰὲν ἐόντων.","translation":"for the mind of the eternal gods is not quickly turned.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέπεται","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"τρέπεται","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is turned"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρέπεται","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντων","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"being","note":"αἰὲν ἐόντων 'the ever-existing (gods)' — formulaic epithet for the immortals"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b3-l148","source":"ὣς τὼ μὲν χαλεποῖσιν ἀμειβομένω ἐπέεσσιν","translation":"So the two stood exchanging harsh words","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕστασαν","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"χαλεποῖσιν","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἀμειβομένω","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕστασαν","gloss":"exchanging","note":"dual participle ἀμειβομένω agreeing with dual τὼ — marks the two men as a pair"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμειβομένω","gloss":"words"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b3-l149","source":"ἕστασαν· οἱ δʼ ἀνόρουσαν ἐυκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"with one another; and the well-greaved Achaeans sprang up","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l149.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐυκνήμιδες","title":"Well-greaved Achaeans","body":"ἐυκνήμιδες ('well-greaved,' wearing fine shin-armor) is a standing epithet of the Achaeans, here nominative plural as subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἕστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"pluperfect ἕστασαν used with present force: 'they stood/had taken their stand'"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνόρουσαν","lemma":"ἀνορούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"ἐυκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"well-greaved","note":"ἐυκνήμιδες, stock Homeric epithet for the Achaeans (bronze shin-guards)"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b3-l150","source":"ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ, δίχα δέ σφισιν ἥνδανε βουλή.","translation":"with a tremendous uproar, and their counsel was split in two.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠχῇ","lemma":"ἠχή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνόρουσαν","gloss":"with a shout"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῃ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἠχῇ","gloss":"tremendous"},{"surface":"δίχα","lemma":"δίχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανε","gloss":"in two"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased","note":"same verb ἁνδάνω as l143, now with δίχα 'split' — echoing the split assembly"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἥνδανε","gloss":"counsel"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b3-l151","source":"νύκτα μὲν ἀέσαμεν χαλεπὰ φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντες","translation":"That night we passed turning over hard thoughts in our hearts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀέσαμεν","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἀέσαμεν","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"passed","note":"ἀέσαμεν, aorist of ἄω, 'to spend/pass the night' (cf. ἰαύω); not from any verb ἀέννυμι"},{"surface":"χαλεπὰ","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὁρμαίνοντες","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ὁρμαίνοντες","gloss":"in hearts"},{"surface":"ὁρμαίνοντες","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀέσαμεν","gloss":"turning over"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b3-l152","source":"ἀλλήλοις· ἐπὶ γὰρ Ζεὺς ἤρτυε πῆμα κακοῖο·","translation":"against each other; for Zeus was readying a grievous calamity.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλοις","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φρεσὶν","gloss":"against each other"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon (us)","note":"ἐπὶ used adverbially/emphatically with ἤρτυε, 'was contriving besides'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤρτυε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἤρτυε","lemma":"ἀρτύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was readying"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἤρτυε","gloss":"calamity"},{"surface":"κακοῖο","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b3-l153","source":"ἠῶθεν δʼ οἱ μὲν νέας ἕλκομεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν","translation":"At dawn some of us hauled our ships into the bright sea","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l153.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἠῶθεν","title":"From dawn","body":"ἠῶθεν, 'at daybreak,' is an adverb formed from Eos (Dawn) with the suffix -θεν marking origin in time or place."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἠῶθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλκομεν","gloss":"some","note":"οἱ μὲν...ἡμίσεες δ᾽ (l155) forms a 'some...others' split narrative pattern"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλκομεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἕλκομεν","lemma":"ἕλκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hauled"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b3-l154","source":"κτήματά τʼ ἐντιθέμεσθα βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας.","translation":"and put aboard our goods and the deep-girdled women.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματά","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐντιθέμεσθα","lemma":"ἐντίθημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put aboard"},{"surface":"βαθυζώνους","lemma":"βαθύζωνος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γυναῖκας","gloss":"deep-girdled","note":"βαθύζωνος, epithet for women describing a long belted robe"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναῖκας","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b3-l155","source":"ἡμίσεες δʼ ἄρα λαοὶ ἐρητύοντο μένοντες","translation":"But half the host held back and stayed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμίσεες","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρητύοντο","gloss":"host"},{"surface":"ἐρητύοντο","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρητύοντο","gloss":"staying"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b3-l156","source":"αὖθι παρʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι, ποιμένι λαῶν·","translation":"there with Atreus' son Agamemnon, shepherd of the people;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l156.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ποιμένι λαῶν","title":"Shepherd of the people","body":"ποιμὴν λαῶν ('shepherd of the people') is a recurring epithet for kings, here in the dative. The image casts the leader as protector of his flock."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένοντες","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ποιμένι","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"shepherd","note":"ποιμένι λαῶν, classic Homeric epithet 'shepherd of the people' for kings"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένι","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b3-l157","source":"ἡμίσεες δʼ ἀναβάντες ἐλαύνομεν· αἱ δὲ μάλʼ ὦκα","translation":"the other half embarked and rowed out; and very swiftly","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμίσεες","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐλαύνομεν","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναβάντες","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλαύνομεν","gloss":"embarking"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνομεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rowed out"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔπλεον","gloss":"they (fem.)","note":"αἱ refers back to the ships (νέας), feminine — subject of the next verb"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔπλεον","gloss":"swiftly"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b3-l158","source":"ἔπλεον, ἐστόρεσεν δὲ θεὸς μεγακήτεα πόντον.","translation":"they sailed, and a god smoothed the sea full of great creatures.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλεον","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sailed"},{"surface":"ἐστόρεσεν","lemma":"στόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smoothed","note":"στόρνυμι 'spread/level' — a god flattens the sea for the crossing"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστόρεσεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"μεγακήτεα","lemma":"μεγακήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"full of great creatures"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐστόρεσεν","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b3-l159","source":"ἐς Τένεδον δʼ ἐλθόντες ἐρέξαμεν ἱρὰ θεοῖσιν,","translation":"Coming to Tenedos we offered sacrifices to the gods,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τένεδον","lemma":"Τένεδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Tenedos"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέξαμεν","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐρέξαμεν","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"offered"},{"surface":"ἱρὰ","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐρέξαμεν","gloss":"sacrifices"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b3-l160","source":"οἴκαδε ἱέμενοι· Ζεὺς δʼ οὔ πω μήδετο νόστον,","translation":"longing for home; but Zeus did not yet plan our return —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱέμενοι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἱέμενοι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέξαμεν","gloss":"longing","note":"ἱέμενοι, participle of ἵημι in the sense 'eager/longing (for)', governing οἴκαδε"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήδετο","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planned"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"return"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b3-l161","source":"σχέτλιος, ὅς ῥʼ ἔριν ὦρσε κακὴν ἔπι δεύτερον αὖτις.","translation":"the cruel one, who roused an evil strife a second time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιος","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"cruel one","note":"σχέτλιος, harsh exclamation aimed at Zeus for renewing the strife"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὦρσε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἔριν","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"strife"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεὺς","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"κακὴν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἔριν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon (them)"},{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"second"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὦρσε","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b3-l162","source":"οἱ μὲν ἀποστρέψαντες ἔβαν νέας ἀμφιελίσσας","translation":"Some turned back and sailed their curved ships away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἀποστρέψαντες","lemma":"ἀποστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"turning back"},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔβαν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀμφιελίσσας","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"curved","note":"ἀμφιέλισσα 'curved on both ends', a stock epithet for ships"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b3-l163","source":"ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα ἄνακτα δαΐφρονα, ποικιλομήτην,","translation":"around lord Odysseus, the shrewd one, of cunning craft,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l163.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δαΐφρονα, ποικιλομήτην","title":"Epithets of Odysseus","body":"δαΐφρων ('skilled, wise') and ποικιλομήτης ('of intricate cunning') are characterizing epithets for Odysseus, here accusative."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτα","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονα","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"shrewd"},{"surface":"ποικιλομήτην","lemma":"ποικιλομήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"cunning-minded","note":"ποικιλομήτης, epithet unique to Odysseus, 'of many-colored/crafty wits'"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b3-l164","source":"αὖτις ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ἦρα φέροντες·","translation":"again bringing favor to Atreus' son Agamemnon.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέροντες","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃ","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"ἦρα","lemma":"ἤρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"favor","note":"ἦρα φέρειν, fixed idiom 'to bring favor/please'"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b3-l165","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σὺν νηυσὶν ἀολλέσιν, αἵ μοι ἕποντο,","translation":"But I, with the ships gathered close that followed me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φεῦγον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἀολλέσιν","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"gathered close","note":"ἀολλής 'in a body/close-packed', of ships sailing together"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νηυσὶν","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b3-l166","source":"φεῦγον, ἐπεὶ γίγνωσκον, ὃ δὴ κακὰ μήδετο δαίμων.","translation":"fled, since I knew that a god was plotting evils.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεῦγον","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"γίγνωσκον","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὃδὴ","gloss":"was plotting"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήδετο","gloss":"a god","note":"δαίμων, a generic divine agent, unnamed — contrast with the named Ζεὺς elsewhere"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b3-l167","source":"φεῦγε δὲ Τυδέος υἱὸς ἀρήιος, ὦρσε δʼ ἑταίρους.","translation":"The warlike son of Tydeus fled too, and roused his comrades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεῦγε","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τυδέος","lemma":"Τυδεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Tydeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φεῦγε","gloss":"son","note":"υἱὸς...Τυδέος = Diomedes, named only by patronymic, a common epic device"},{"surface":"ἀρήιος","lemma":"ἄρειος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"warlike"},{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b3-l168","source":"ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετὰ νῶι κίε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος,","translation":"Late behind us came fair-haired Menelaus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l168.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ξανθὸς Μενέλαος","title":"Fair-haired Menelaus","body":"ξανθός ('fair-haired, blond') is the standing epithet of Menelaus. Such epithets are part of the oral poet's formulaic toolkit, chosen to fit the meter."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κίε","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"νῶι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"us two","note":"νῶι, dual 'we two' — Nestor (the narrator, speaking in the first person) and Diomedes, who traveled home together; Menelaus catches up with them at Lesbos"},{"surface":"κίε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"ξανθὸς, recurring epithet for Menelaus"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κίε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b3-l169","source":"ἐν Λέσβῳ δʼ ἔκιχεν δολιχὸν πλόον ὁρμαίνοντας,","translation":"and overtook us in Lesbos as we pondered the long voyage:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Λέσβῳ","lemma":"Λέσβος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Lesbos"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκιχεν","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"overtook"},{"surface":"δολιχὸν","lemma":"δολιχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πλόον","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"πλόον","lemma":"πλόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρμαίνοντας","gloss":"voyage"},{"surface":"ὁρμαίνοντας","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pondering","note":"ὁρμαίνω 'weigh/turn over in mind', repeated verb from l151 tying the crew's deliberations together"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b3-l170","source":"ἢ καθύπερθε Χίοιο νεοίμεθα παιπαλοέσσης,","translation":"whether to sail above rugged Chios,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"καθύπερθε","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"Χίοιο","lemma":"Χίος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καθύπερθε","gloss":"of Chios"},{"surface":"νεοίμεθα","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ὁρμαίνοντας","gloss":"we should sail","note":"Optative νεοίμεθα marks a deliberated, hoped-for course, not a fact."},{"surface":"παιπαλοέσσης","lemma":"παιπαλόεις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Χίοιο","gloss":"rugged"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b3-l171","source":"νήσου ἔπι Ψυρίης, αὐτὴν ἐπʼ ἀριστέρʼ ἔχοντες,","translation":"by the island of Psyria, keeping it on our left,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήσου","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔπι","gloss":"of the island"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Ψυρίης","lemma":"Ψυρίη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νήσου","gloss":"Psyria"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀριστέρ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"our left","note":"ἐπ᾽ ἀριστέρ᾽ ἔχοντες, 'keeping on the left', a stock nautical phrase in Homer."},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"keeping"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b3-l172","source":"ἦ ὑπένερθε Χίοιο, παρʼ ἠνεμόεντα Μίμαντα.","translation":"or below Chios, past windy Mimas.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ὑπένερθε","lemma":"ὑπένερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"Χίοιο","lemma":"Χίος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπένερθε","gloss":"Chios"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"ἠνεμόεντα","lemma":"ἠνεμόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μίμαντα","gloss":"windy","note":"ἠνεμόεντα, a formulaic epithet applied to exposed headlands like Mimas."},{"surface":"Μίμαντα","lemma":"Μίμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρ᾽","gloss":"Mimas"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b3-l173","source":"ᾐτέομεν δὲ θεὸν φῆναι τέρας· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἡμῖν","translation":"We asked the god to show us a sign; and he","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾐτέομεν","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we asked"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φῆναι","gloss":"the god"},{"surface":"φῆναι","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ᾐτέομεν","gloss":"to show","note":"Aorist infinitive φῆναι as the object of ᾐτέομεν, 'asked (him) to show'."},{"surface":"τέρας","lemma":"τέρας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φῆναι","gloss":"a sign"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δεῖξε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δεῖξε","gloss":"to us"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b3-l174","source":"δεῖξε, καὶ ἠνώγει πέλαγος μέσον εἰς Εὔβοιαν","translation":"showed it, and bade us cut across the open sea to Euboea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῖξε","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade","note":"ἄνωγα is normally a perfect form used with present force ('he commands'), but this augmented form ἠνώγει carries past force here, 'he was bidding/bade' — matching the imperfect tagged above."},{"surface":"πέλαγος","lemma":"πέλαγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τέμνειν","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέλαγος","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Εὔβοιαν","lemma":"Εὔβοια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"Euboea"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b3-l175","source":"τέμνειν, ὄφρα τάχιστα ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν.","translation":"so that we might escape misfortune as fast as possible.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l175.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὄφρα ... φύγοιμεν","title":"Purpose clause in the optative","body":"ὄφρα with the optative φύγοιμεν forms a purpose clause in secondary sequence: 'so that we might escape.' The optative replaces the subjunctive after a past main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"τέμνειν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠνώγει","gloss":"to cut across"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φύγοιμεν","gloss":"most quickly","note":"τάχιστα, superlative adverb use of the neuter plural, 'as fast as possible'."},{"surface":"ὑπὲκ","lemma":"ὑπέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"κακότητα","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὲκ","gloss":"misfortune"},{"surface":"φύγοιμεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we might escape"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b3-l176","source":"ὦρτο δʼ ἐπὶ λιγὺς οὖρος ἀήμεναι· αἱ δὲ μάλʼ ὦκα","translation":"A shrill wind rose to blow; and very swiftly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"λιγὺς","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὖρος","gloss":"shrill"},{"surface":"οὖρος","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"a wind"},{"surface":"ἀήμεναι","lemma":"ἄημι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὦρτο","gloss":"to blow","note":"ἀήμεναι, epic infinitive in -μεναι, complements ὦρτο 'rose to blow'."},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of διέδραμον","gloss":"they (the ships)"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὦκα","lemma":"ὦκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέδραμον","gloss":"swiftly"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b3-l177","source":"ἰχθυόεντα κέλευθα διέδραμον, ἐς δὲ Γεραιστὸν","translation":"the ships ran over the fish-filled paths, and to Geraistos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰχθυόεντα","lemma":"ἰχθυόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"fish-filled","note":"ἰχθυόεντα κέλευθα, a Homeric formula for the sea-lanes."},{"surface":"κέλευθα","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διέδραμον","gloss":"paths"},{"surface":"διέδραμον","lemma":"διατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they ran across"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Γεραιστὸν","lemma":"Γεραιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Geraistos"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b3-l178","source":"ἐννύχιαι κατάγοντο· Ποσειδάωνι δὲ ταύρων","translation":"they came in to land by night; and to Poseidon many","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννύχιαι","lemma":"ἐννύχιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"by night"},{"surface":"κατάγοντο","lemma":"κατάγω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they came to land"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθεμεν","gloss":"to Poseidon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταύρων","lemma":"ταῦρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆρ᾽","gloss":"of bulls"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b3-l179","source":"πόλλʼ ἐπὶ μῆρʼ ἔθεμεν, πέλαγος μέγα μετρήσαντες.","translation":"bulls' thighs we laid down, having measured the great sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l179.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μετρήσαντες","title":"Aorist participle: 'having measured'","body":"μετρήσαντες is an aorist participle expressing action prior to the main verb — they made the offering after crossing the sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆρ᾽","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"μῆρ","lemma":"μῆρα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθεμεν","gloss":"thighs","note":"μῆρα, the thigh-bones burned in sacrifice, a standard ritual term in Homer."},{"surface":"ἔθεμεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we laid down"},{"surface":"πέλαγος","lemma":"πέλαγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μετρήσαντες","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέλαγος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"μετρήσαντες","lemma":"μετρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθεμεν","gloss":"having crossed"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b3-l180","source":"τέτρατον ἦμαρ ἔην, ὅτʼ ἐν Ἄργεϊ νῆας ἐίσας","translation":"It was the fourth day when in Argos the trim ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέτρατον","lemma":"τέτρατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"the fourth"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it was"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἄργεϊ","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"Argos"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἵστασαν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐίσας","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"trim","note":"ἐίσας, 'well-balanced/even', a standing epithet for ships."}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b3-l181","source":"Τυδεΐδεω ἕταροι Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο","translation":"of Diomedes, son of Tydeus, tamer of horses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τυδεΐδεω","lemma":"Τυδείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Διομήδεος","gloss":"of Tydeus' son"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵστασαν","gloss":"the comrades"},{"surface":"Διομήδεος","lemma":"Διομήδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕταροι","gloss":"of Diomedes"},{"surface":"ἱπποδάμοιο","lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διομήδεος","gloss":"tamer of horses","note":"ἱπποδάμοιο, a fixed heroic epithet attached to Diomedes."}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b3-l182","source":"ἵστασαν· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε Πύλονδʼ ἔχον, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἔσβη","translation":"his comrades brought to rest; but I held on for Pylos, nor ever did","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ᾽","gloss":"brought to rest"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Πύλονδ","lemma":"Πυλόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"toward Pylos","note":"Πυλόνδε, directional suffix -δε 'to/toward Pylos', common in Homeric place-adverbs."},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held course"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔσβη","lemma":"σβέννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"died down"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b3-l183","source":"οὖρος, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα θεὸς προέηκεν ἀῆναι.","translation":"the wind die down, once a god first sent it forth to blow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖρος","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔσβη","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προέηκεν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προέηκεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"προέηκεν","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"sent forth"},{"surface":"ἀῆναι","lemma":"ἄημι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of προέηκεν","gloss":"to blow"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b3-l184","source":"ὣς ἦλθον, φίλε τέκνον, ἀπευθής, οὐδέ τι οἶδα","translation":"So I came home, dear child, without news, and I know nothing","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l184.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀπευθής","title":"apeuthes: without news","body":"ἀπευθής means 'lacking information, uninquired-of' — Nestor returned home having learned nothing of the others' fates."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I came"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἀπευθής","lemma":"ἀπευθής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"without news","note":"ἀπευθής, 'unlearned, ignorant of news' — Nestor admits he knows nothing further."},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b3-l185","source":"κείνων, οἵ τʼ ἐσάωθεν Ἀχαιῶν οἵ τʼ ἀπόλοντο.","translation":"of those Achaeans, which of them were saved and which were lost.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνων","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"of those men"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσάωθεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(indeed)"},{"surface":"ἐσάωθεν","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"were saved"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἵ","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπόλοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(indeed)"},{"surface":"ἀπόλοντο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"perished"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b3-l186","source":"ὅσσα δʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι καθήμενος ἡμετέροισι","translation":"But all that I learn sitting here in our halls,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πεύθομαι","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πεύθομαι","gloss":"sitting","note":"Perfect-stem participle καθήμενος used with present sense, 'sitting'."},{"surface":"ἡμετέροισι","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"our own"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b3-l187","source":"πεύθομαι, ἣ θέμις ἐστί, δαήσεαι, οὐδέ σε κεύσω.","translation":"as is right, you shall learn; I will not hide it from you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l187.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θέμις","title":"themis: what is right","body":"θέμις denotes what is sanctioned by custom and divine law — the proper, ordained way of doing things."}],"words":[{"surface":"πεύθομαι","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of δαήσεαι","gloss":"I learn"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δαήσεαι","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"δαήσεαι","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"future indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall learn","note":"δαήσεαι, future middle of δάω, 2nd sg. — Nestor promises full disclosure."},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of δεύσω","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b3-l188","source":"εὖ μὲν Μυρμιδόνας φάσʼ ἐλθέμεν ἐγχεσιμώρους,","translation":"Safely, they say, the spear-fighting Myrmidons came home,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"safely"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μυρμιδόνας","lemma":"Μυρμιδόνες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"the Myrmidons"},{"surface":"φάσ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"came home"},{"surface":"ἐγχεσιμώρους","lemma":"ἐγχεσίμωρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μυρμιδόνας","gloss":"spear-fighting","note":"ἐγχεσιμώρους, a striking compound epithet, 'furious with the spear', unique to the Myrmidons."}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b3-l189","source":"οὓς ἄγʼ Ἀχιλλῆος μεγαθύμου φαίδιμος υἱός,","translation":"whom the glorious son of great-hearted Achilles led;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγ᾽","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Μυρμιδόνας","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Achilles"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχιλλῆος","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"φαίδιμος","lemma":"φαίδιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄγ᾽","gloss":"son","note":"φαίδιμος υἱός refers to Neoptolemus, named only by epithet here."}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b3-l190","source":"εὖ δὲ Φιλοκτήτην, Ποιάντιον ἀγλαὸν υἱόν.","translation":"and safely Philoctetes, the splendid son of Poias.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"safely"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φιλοκτήτην","lemma":"Φιλοκτήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Philoctetes"},{"surface":"Ποιάντιον","lemma":"Ποιάντιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"son of Poias"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱόν","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"υἱόν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b3-l191","source":"πάντας δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρήτην εἰσήγαγʼ ἑταίρους,","translation":"Idomeneus brought all his comrades back to Crete,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰδομενεὺς","lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσήγαγ᾽","gloss":"Idomeneus"},{"surface":"Κρήτην","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσήγαγ᾽","gloss":"to Crete"},{"surface":"εἰσήγαγ","lemma":"εἰσάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought back"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσήγαγ᾽","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b3-l192","source":"οἳ φύγον ἐκ πολέμου, πόντος δέ οἱ οὔ τινʼ ἀπηύρα.","translation":"those who escaped the war; the sea robbed him of none.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φύγον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"φύγον","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑταίρους","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πολέμου","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the war"},{"surface":"πόντος","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"of him"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπηύρα","gloss":"any (one)"},{"surface":"ἀπηύρα","lemma":"ἀπαυράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"robbed away","note":"ἀπηύρα, 'took away by force' — the sea personified as a thief who claimed no one from Idomeneus' crew."}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b3-l193","source":"Ἀτρεΐδην δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀκούετε, νόσφιν ἐόντες,","translation":"And of Atreus' son you too have heard, far away though you are,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"of Atreus' son"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourselves"},{"surface":"ἀκούετε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have heard"},{"surface":"νόσφιν","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκούετε","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b3-l194","source":"ὥς τʼ ἦλθʼ, ὥς τʼ Αἴγισθος ἐμήσατο λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον.","translation":"how he came home, and how Aegisthus contrived his grievous death.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l194.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐμήσατο","title":"Aorist middle: 'he devised'","body":"ἐμήσατο is aorist middle of μήδομαι, 'plot, contrive.' The middle voice marks the scheming as done in the subject's own interest."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(indeed)"},{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμήσατο","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(indeed)"},{"surface":"Αἴγισθος","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμήσατο","gloss":"Aegisthus"},{"surface":"ἐμήσατο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"contrived"},{"surface":"λυγρὸν","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμήσατο","gloss":"destruction","note":"λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον, 'grievous death' — foreshadows the Agamemnon story as a warning to Telemachus."}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b3-l195","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι κεῖνος μὲν ἐπισμυγερῶς ἀπέτισεν·","translation":"But that man, at least, paid for it wretchedly;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἀπέτισεν","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπισμυγερῶς","lemma":"ἐπισμυγερός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέτισεν","gloss":"wretchedly"},{"surface":"ἀπέτισεν","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"paid the price","note":"ἀπέτισεν, 'paid in full' — Aegisthus' punishment, picked up by ἐτίσατο below (Orestes' revenge)."}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b3-l196","source":"ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ παῖδα καταφθιμένοιο λιπέσθαι","translation":"how good a thing it is that a son be left behind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"good a thing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λιπέσθαι","gloss":"a son"},{"surface":"καταφθιμένοιο","lemma":"καταφθίω","morphology":"aorist participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνδρός","gloss":"of a dead man"},{"surface":"λιπέσθαι","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"be left behind","note":"λιπέσθαι, aorist middle infinitive: 'to be left as one's offspring' — Nestor's moral for Telemachus."}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b3-l197","source":"ἀνδρός, ἐπεὶ καὶ κεῖνος ἐτίσατο πατροφονῆα,","translation":"of a man who has died — for that son avenged his father's killer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρός","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδα","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐτίσατο","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἐτίσατο","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"avenged"},{"surface":"πατροφονῆα","lemma":"πατροφονεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"his father's killer","note":"πατροφονῆα, 'father-slayer' — Orestes avenging Agamemnon, the exemplum Nestor urges on Telemachus."}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b3-l198","source":"Αἴγισθον δολόμητιν, ὅ οἱ πατέρα κλυτὸν ἔκτα.","translation":"the treacherous Aegisthus, who had slain his famous father.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴγισθον","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Aegisthus"},{"surface":"δολόμητιν","lemma":"δολομήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Αἴγισθον","gloss":"treacherous","note":"epithet formula, 'deceitful-minded' — stock label for Aegisthus"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκτα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πατέρα","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκτα","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"ἔκτα","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἴγισθον","gloss":"slew","note":"root aorist ἔκτα (κτείνω) — athematic aorist stem, no thematic vowel"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b3-l199","source":"καὶ σὺ φίλος, μάλα γάρ σʼ ὁρόω καλόν τε μέγαν τε,","translation":"And you, my friend — for I see you are very handsome and tall —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσσ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dear one","note":"vocative-like address; φίλος used as a term of endearment, head noun elided"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὁρόω","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I see","note":"epic diectasis: Homeric distension of contracted ὁράω (Attic ὁρῶ) into ὁρόω, a secondary lengthened form used for meter — not an archaic ending being 'preserved'"},{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b3-l200","source":"ἄλκιμος ἔσσʼ, ἵνα τίς σε καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἐὺ εἴπῃ.","translation":"be brave, so that men yet unborn may speak well of you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l200.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἵνα ... εἴπῃ","title":"Purpose clause with subjunctive","body":"ἵνα with the aorist subjunctive εἴπῃ expresses purpose: 'so that someone may speak (well of you).' This is the standard final construction after a present command."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλκιμος","lemma":"ἄλκιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"brave"},{"surface":"ἔσσ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be!","note":"imperative of εἰμί — 'be brave', direct exhortation"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἴπῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὀψιγόνων","lemma":"ὀψίγονος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of those yet unborn","note":"ὀψιγόνων = 'late-born' — men of future generations"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἴπῃ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may speak"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b3-l201","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then wise Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l201.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"Perfect participle: 'wise'","body":"πεπνυμένος, literally 'having been breathed into, inspired,' is a perfect middle participle used adjectivally to mean 'thoughtful, prudent.' It is a fixed epithet of Telemachus."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"wise","note":"formulaic epithet πεπνυμένος, 'attentive/prudent' — recurring tag for Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b3-l202","source":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη, μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"\"Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδη","lemma":"Νηληιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορ","gloss":"son of Neleus"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦδος","lemma":"κῦδος","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"glory","note":"vocative apposition: 'great glory of the Achaeans' addressing Nestor directly"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κῦδος","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b3-l203","source":"καὶ λίην κεῖνος μὲν ἐτίσατο, καί οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"truly that man took his revenge, and the Achaeans","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτίσατο","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐτίσατο","gloss":"that man","note":"κεῖνος, epic form of ἐκεῖνος, referring to Orestes"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐτίσατο","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took revenge"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of οἴσουσι","gloss":"him","note":"dative pronoun 'to/for him' (Orestes) — object of the verb 'will carry' in the next line"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of οἴσουσι","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b3-l204","source":"οἴσουσι κλέος εὐρὺ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι·","translation":"will carry his fame far, even for those yet to be born to learn.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l204.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"kleos: fame in song","body":"κλέος is the renown won through deeds and preserved in poetry — the heroic immortality Telemachus invokes for Orestes."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἴσουσι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will carry"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of οἴσουσι","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"far-reaching"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐσσομένοισι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of πυθέσθαι","gloss":"for those yet to be","note":"substantive future participle of εἰμί, 'those who will be' — future generations"},{"surface":"πυθέσθαι","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"adverbial to οἴσουσι","gloss":"to learn"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b3-l205","source":"αἲ γὰρ ἐμοὶ τοσσήνδε θεοὶ δύναμιν περιθεῖεν,","translation":"Would that the gods might clothe me in power as great,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l205.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἲ γὰρ ... περιθεῖεν","title":"Optative of wish","body":"αἲ γάρ with the aorist optative περιθεῖεν expresses an unattainable wish: 'if only the gods would grant...' The optative is the mood of longing."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"would that!","note":"αἲ γάρ + optative = wishful exclamation, 'oh that...'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περιθεῖεν","gloss":"on me"},{"surface":"τοσσήνδε","lemma":"τοσόσδε","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δύναμιν","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of περιθεῖεν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"δύναμιν","lemma":"δύναμις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of περιθεῖεν","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"περιθεῖεν","lemma":"περιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"might place around","note":"optative of wish (περιθεῖεν), 'might clothe me in'"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b3-l206","source":"τίσασθαι μνηστῆρας ὑπερβασίης ἀλεγεινῆς,","translation":"to take revenge on the suitors for their painful insolence,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίσασθαι","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"adverbial to περιθεῖεν","gloss":"to take revenge"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τίσασθαι","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"ὑπερβασίης","lemma":"ὑπερβασία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of τίσασθαι","gloss":"for insolence"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῆς","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὑπερβασίης","gloss":"painful"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b3-l207","source":"οἵ τέ μοι ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανόωνται.","translation":"who in their arrogance contrive reckless outrages against me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"ὑβρίζοντες","lemma":"ὑβρίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μηχανόωνται","gloss":"acting insolently","note":"ὑβρίζοντες — root of 'hubris', arrogant/violent overreach"},{"surface":"ἀτάσθαλα","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανόωνται","gloss":"reckless deeds"},{"surface":"μηχανόωνται","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μνηστῆρας","gloss":"contrive"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b3-l208","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ μοι τοιοῦτον ἐπέκλωσαν θεοὶ ὄλβον,","translation":"But no, the gods have not spun out such happiness for me,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l208.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπέκλωσαν","title":"The gods 'spin' fate","body":"ἐπικλώθω, 'spin a thread upon,' pictures the gods spinning out a man's destiny like spinners at the loom — the same image behind the Fates."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τοιοῦτον","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλβον","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ἐπέκλωσαν","lemma":"ἐπικλώθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spun out","note":"ἐπικλώθω, 'spin thread' — fate imagined as thread spun by the gods"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέκλωσαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ὄλβον","lemma":"ὄλβος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέκλωσαν","gloss":"happiness"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b3-l209","source":"πατρί τʼ ἐμῷ καὶ ἐμοί· νῦν δὲ χρὴ τετλάμεν ἔμπης.","translation":"for my father and for me; now I must simply endure it.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l209.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τετλάμεν","title":"Perfect infinitive: 'to endure'","body":"τετλάμεν is a perfect infinitive (with the reduplication τε-) used with χρή, 'it is necessary to endure.' The perfect stresses a settled state of patient endurance."}],"words":[{"surface":"πατρί","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῷ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατρί","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is necessary"},{"surface":"τετλάμεν","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"to endure","note":"perfect infinitive τετλάμεν (τλάω) with present force — 'to have steeled oneself to endure'"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τετλάμεν","gloss":"nonetheless"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b3-l210","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l210.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ","title":"Gerenian horseman Nestor","body":"This is the full formulaic name-phrase for Nestor, occupying the end of a hexameter line. Note ἱππότα keeps an archaic vocative-like ending in the nominative."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian","note":"traditional epithet of Nestor, 'of Gerenia' — his homeland or heroic title (etymology disputed)"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b3-l211","source":"ὦ φίλʼ, ἐπεὶ δὴ ταῦτά μʼ ἀνέμνησας καὶ ἔειπες,","translation":"\"My friend, since you have reminded me of this and spoken of it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀνέμνησας","lemma":"ἀναμιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"reminded"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"spoke of","note":"ἔειπες, epic form of εἶπες (aorist of εἶπον) with a prothetic vowel from the lost initial digamma — not a true reduplicated aorist"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b3-l212","source":"φασὶ μνηστῆρας σῆς μητέρος εἵνεκα πολλοὺς","translation":"they say that many suitors, on account of your mother,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φασὶ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"μνηστῆρας","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μηχανάασθαι","gloss":"suitors"},{"surface":"σῆς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητέρος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μητέρος","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of","note":"εἵνεκα, epic lengthened form of ἕνεκα governing genitive μητέρος"},{"surface":"πολλοὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μνηστῆρας","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b3-l213","source":"ἐν μεγάροις ἀέκητι σέθεν κακὰ μηχανάασθαι·","translation":"are devising evils in your halls against your will;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l213.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀέκητι σέθεν","title":"Genitive with 'against the will of'","body":"ἀέκητι ('against the will of') governs the genitive σέθεν ('of you'). The genitive marks the person whose wishes are overridden."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροις","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἀέκητι","lemma":"ἀέκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μηχανάασθαι","gloss":"against the will"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀέκητι","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μηχανάασθαι","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"μηχανάασθαι","lemma":"μηχανάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of φασὶ","gloss":"devise"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b3-l214","source":"εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι, ἦ σέ γε λαοὶ","translation":"tell me, do you submit willingly, or do the people","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπέ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ἑκὼν","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑποδάμνασαι","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"ὑποδάμνασαι","lemma":"ὑποδάμναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"are submitting","note":"middle voice ὑποδάμνασαι, 'let yourself be subdued/mastered'"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐχθαίρουσ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐχθαίρουσ᾽","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b3-l215","source":"ἐχθαίρουσʼ ἀνὰ δῆμον, ἐπισπόμενοι θεοῦ ὀμφῇ.","translation":"hate you throughout the land, following the voice of a god?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐχθαίρουσ","lemma":"ἐχθαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"hate"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"ἐπισπόμενοι","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχθαίρουσ᾽","gloss":"following","note":"aorist participle of ἐφέπω, 'having followed/obeyed'"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀμφῇ","gloss":"of a god"},{"surface":"ὀμφῇ","lemma":"ὀμφή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπισπόμενοι","gloss":"voice"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b3-l216","source":"τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κέ ποτέ σφι βίας ἀποτίσεται ἐλθών,","translation":"Who knows whether one day he may come and avenge their violence,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἶδ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"on them"},{"surface":"βίας","lemma":"βία","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"acts of violence"},{"surface":"ἀποτίσεται","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"will avenge"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"having come","note":"circumstantial participle: 'by coming' — implies Odysseus's hoped-for return"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b3-l217","source":"ἢ ὅ γε μοῦνος ἐὼν ἢ καὶ σύμπαντες Ἀχαιοί;","translation":"whether he alone, or all the Achaeans together?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοῦνος","lemma":"μόνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"σύμπαντες","lemma":"σύμπας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀχαιοί","gloss":"all together"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b3-l218","source":"εἰ γάρ σʼ ὣς ἐθέλοι φιλέειν γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,","translation":"For if grey-eyed Athena were willing to love you so,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l218.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ ... ἐθέλοι","title":"Future-less-vivid condition","body":"εἰ with the optative ἐθέλοι sets up a remote ('should/would') condition: 'if she were willing.' Homer pairs it across several lines with the wish that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φιλέειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φιλέειν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"were willing","note":"optative of wish/condition ἐθέλοι — 'if she were willing'"},{"surface":"φιλέειν","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοι","gloss":"to love"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"grey-eyed","note":"standard Homeric epithet of Athena, γλαυκῶπις"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλοι","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b3-l219","source":"ὡς τότʼ Ὀδυσσῆος περικήδετο κυδαλίμοιο","translation":"as she cared for glorious Odysseus back then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περικήδετο","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περικήδετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of περικήδετο","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"περικήδετο","lemma":"περικήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to φιλέειν","gloss":"cared for"},{"surface":"κυδαλίμοιο","lemma":"κυδάλιμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"glorious"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b3-l220","source":"δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων, ὅθι πάσχομεν ἄλγεʼ Ἀχαιοί—","translation":"in the land of the Trojans, where we Achaeans suffered woes —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l220.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πάσχομεν","title":"Vivid present for past action","body":"πάσχομεν is a present tense used vividly of past suffering at Troy, bringing the remembered hardship before the listener's eyes."}],"words":[{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in","note":"ἔνι, epic form of ἐν with anastrophe/postposed accent"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάσχομεν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πάσχομεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δήμῳ","gloss":"we suffered"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχομεν","gloss":"woes"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί—","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πάσχομεν","gloss":"we Achaeans"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b3-l221","source":"οὐ γάρ πω ἴδον ὧδε θεοὺς ἀναφανδὰ φιλεῦντας,","translation":"for never yet have I seen the gods love a man so openly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ἴδον","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"I saw"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φιλεῦντας","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδον","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἀναφανδὰ","lemma":"ἀναφανδά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φιλεῦντας","gloss":"openly","note":"ἀναφανδά, 'in plain sight' — emphasizes Athena's unusually visible favor of Odysseus"},{"surface":"φιλεῦντας","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"loving"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b3-l222","source":"ὡς κείνῳ ἀναφανδὰ παρίστατο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη—","translation":"as Pallas Athena openly stood beside him—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l222.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀναφανδά","title":"Openly, in plain sight","body":"The adverb ἀναφανδά means 'openly, manifestly.' Its repetition in lines 221-222 stresses how unusually visible Athena's favor to Odysseus was, since gods normally aided mortals in disguise."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρίστατο","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of παρίστατο","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἀναφανδὰ","lemma":"ἀναφανδά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρίστατο","gloss":"openly"},{"surface":"παρίστατο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to φιλεῦντας","gloss":"stood beside"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη—","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρίστατο","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b3-l223","source":"εἴ σʼ οὕτως ἐθέλοι φιλέειν κήδοιτό τε θυμῷ,","translation":"if she were willing to love you so and to care for you in her heart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φιλέειν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"were willing"},{"surface":"φιλέειν","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοι","gloss":"to love"},{"surface":"κήδοιτό","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"were to care for","note":"optative κήδοιτο parallel to ἐθέλοι — sequence of wished-for conditions"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κήδοιτό","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b3-l224","source":"τῶ κέν τις κείνων γε καὶ ἐκλελάθοιτο γάμοιο.","translation":"then some of those suitors might well forget all about marriage.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l224.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐκλελάθοιτο","title":"Potential optative","body":"The optative with the particle κέν expresses a softened possibility: 'might forget.' The verb is a reduplicated aorist middle form built on λανθάνω, 'to forget.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκλελάθοιτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"potential particle κέν with optative ἐκλελάθοιτο — 'would surely forget'"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκλελάθοιτο","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"κείνων","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of those"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐκλελάθοιτο","lemma":"ἐκλανθάνω","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would forget"},{"surface":"γάμοιο","lemma":"γάμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκλελάθοιτο","gloss":"marriage"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b3-l225","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then thoughtful Telemachus answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"repeated formula πεπνυμένος — same epithet line as l201, Homeric type-scene repetition"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b3-l226","source":"ὦ γέρον, οὔ πω τοῦτο ἔπος τελέεσθαι ὀίω·","translation":"\"Old man, I do not think this word will ever come to pass;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l226.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὦ γέρον","title":"Address to an elder","body":"Telemachus addresses Nestor respectfully as 'old man' (γέρον), a term of honor here, not insult; Nestor's great age is repeatedly emphasized."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"Vocative addressing the old man—Telemachus doesn't yet know he's speaking to Athena in disguise as Mentor."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τελέεσθαι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τελέεσθαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"future infinitive","role":"object of ὀίω","gloss":"be fulfilled","note":"Future infinitive τελέεσθαι after a verb of thinking (ὀίω): 'I think this word will not be fulfilled.'"},{"surface":"ὀίω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b3-l227","source":"λίην γὰρ μέγα εἶπες· ἄγη μʼ ἔχει. οὐκ ἂν ἐμοί γε","translation":"for you have said too great a thing. Astonishment grips me. For my part","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l227.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄγη","title":"Awe-struck astonishment","body":"ἄγη names a stunned wonder bordering on dread—the feeling at something too great to expect. Telemachus is overwhelmed by Nestor's suggestion that Athena might favor him as she did Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέγα","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἶπες","gloss":"great a thing"},{"surface":"εἶπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said"},{"surface":"ἄγη","lemma":"ἄγη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"astonishment","note":"ἄγη 'astonishment/awe' as grammatical subject—rare noun, personifying the emotion as gripping him."},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grips"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential)","note":"ἄν marks the potential optative continuing into the next line with γένοιτ᾽ ('could never happen')."},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένοιτ᾽","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b3-l228","source":"ἐλπομένῳ τὰ γένοιτʼ, οὐδʼ εἰ θεοὶ ὣς ἐθέλοιεν.","translation":"I could never hope for this to happen, not even if the gods should will it.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλπομένῳ","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","role":"modifies ἐμοί","gloss":"hoping"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of γένοιτ᾽","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γένοιτ","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could happen","note":"Aorist optative γένοιτ᾽ with ἄν (previous line) expresses potential: 'this could never come about.'"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλοιεν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλοιεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοιεν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"should will it","note":"Optative in a future-less-vivid protasis: 'not even if the gods should so wish it.'"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b3-l229","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, addressed him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l229.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις","title":"Formulaic epithet","body":"γλαυκῶπις, 'bright-eyed' or 'owl-eyed,' is Athena's standing epithet, fitted to the verse's metrical slot. Such recurring name-and-epithet phrases are a hallmark of the oral hexameter style."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις 'bright/gleaming-eyed' is Athena's standing epic epithet, always paired with her name."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b3-l230","source":"Τηλέμαχε, ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων.","translation":"\"Telemachus, what a word has escaped the barrier of your teeth!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχε","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"ποῖόν","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"what kind of"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φύγεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"φύγεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped","note":"Formulaic Homeric line: 'what word has escaped the barrier of your teeth'—teeth as a fence for speech."},{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"barrier"},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"of teeth"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b3-l231","source":"ῥεῖα θεός γʼ ἐθέλων καὶ τηλόθεν ἄνδρα σαώσαι.","translation":"Easily a god, if he so wills, can bring a man safe even from afar.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σαώσαι","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"θεός","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σαώσαι","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐθέλων","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σαώσαι","gloss":"willing","note":"ἐθέλων agrees with θεός: 'a god, if willing,' underscoring divine power over distance."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σαώσαι","gloss":"from afar"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of σαώσαι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"σαώσαι","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could save"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b3-l232","source":"βουλοίμην δʼ ἂν ἐγώ γε καὶ ἄλγεα πολλὰ μογήσας","translation":"I myself would rather, after suffering many hardships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l232.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μογήσας","title":"Aorist participle of attendant circumstance","body":"μογήσας ('having toiled') is an aorist participle describing the labor that accompanies the homecoming Athena prefers. Greek often packs into a participle what English renders as a separate clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"βουλοίμην","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would wish"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential)"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βουλοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μογήσας","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μογήσας","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having suffered","note":"Aorist participle sets up the contrast: enduring hardship first, then still reaching home—vs. the alternative in l234."}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b3-l233","source":"οἴκαδέ τʼ ἐλθέμεναι καὶ νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι,","translation":"come home and see the day of my return,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδέ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθέμεναι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to come","note":"Epic infinitive ending -έμεναι (rather than -εῖν), a common Homeric metrical variant."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόστιμον","lemma":"νόστιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of return"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to see"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b3-l234","source":"ἢ ἐλθὼν ἀπολέσθαι ἐφέστιος, ὡς Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"than come home and perish at my own hearth, as Agamemnon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπολέσθαι","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to perish"},{"surface":"ἐφέστιος","lemma":"ἐφέστιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at my own hearth","note":"ἐφέστιος 'at the hearth' vividly frames dying at home, foreshadowing Agamemnon's fate."},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤλεθ᾽","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλεθ᾽","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b3-l235","source":"ὤλεθʼ ὑπʼ Αἰγίσθοιο δόλῳ καὶ ἧς ἀλόχοιο.","translation":"perished by the guile of Aegisthus and his own wife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤλεθ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀπολέσθαι","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Αἰγίσθοιο","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Aegisthus"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"guile","note":"δόλῳ 'by guile/treachery' stresses the deceit central to Agamemnon's death, a recurring Odyssey theme."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀλόχοιο","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἀλόχοιο","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b3-l236","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι θάνατον μὲν ὁμοίιον οὐδὲ θεοί περ","translation":"But death, the common lot, not even the gods","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλαλκέμεν","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὁμοίιον","lemma":"ὁμοίιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάνατον","gloss":"common","note":"ὁμοίιον 'common/shared (to all)' — death as the great equalizer, a key Homeric theme."},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δύνανται","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b3-l237","source":"καὶ φίλῳ ἀνδρὶ δύνανται ἀλαλκέμεν, ὁππότε κεν δὴ","translation":"can ward off from a man they love, once","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"φίλῳ","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλαλκέμεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"δύνανται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are able"},{"surface":"ἀλαλκέμεν","lemma":"ἄλαλκε","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύνανται","gloss":"to ward off","note":"Rare epic aorist infinitive ἀλαλκέμεν 'to ward off,' from a defective verb used almost only in Homer."},{"surface":"ὁππότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indefinite)"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b3-l238","source":"μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο.","translation":"the deadly fate of leveling death lays him low.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l238.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τανηλεγέος","title":"Death that lays out at length","body":"τανηλεγής, an epithet of death, suggests laying the body out at full length—stretching a man flat in death. The whole line piles up the fixed phrases for inescapable mortality."}],"words":[{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καθέλῃσι","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ὀλοὴ","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"καθέλῃσι","lemma":"καθαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότε","gloss":"lays low","note":"Subjunctive καθέλῃσι in a general temporal clause ('whenever... lays low') expresses a recurring inevitability."},{"surface":"τανηλεγέος","lemma":"τανηλεγής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτοιο","gloss":"leveling","note":"τανηλεγής 'far-stretching/leveling' is a fixed epic epithet for death, of obscure etymology."},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"of death"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b3-l239","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"Then thoughtful Telemachus answered her in turn:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ηὔδα","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ηὔδα","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"thoughtful","note":"πεπνυμένος 'wise/thoughtful' is Telemachus's standing Homeric epithet, marking his growing maturity."},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"in reply"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b3-l240","source":"Μέντορ, μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα κηδόμενοί περ·","translation":"\"Mentor, let us speak of these things no longer, grieved though we are.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l240.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"λεγώμεθα","title":"Hortatory subjunctive","body":"λεγώμεθα is a first-person plural subjunctive used as an exhortation: 'let us not speak.' Greek uses the subjunctive (with μή here) for such 'let us' commands."}],"words":[{"surface":"Μέντορ","lemma":"Μέντωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Mentor"},{"surface":"μηκέτι","lemma":"μηκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λεγώμεθα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"λεγώμεθα","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us speak","note":"Hortatory subjunctive λεγώμεθα, 1st person plural: 'let us not speak of these things any longer.'"},{"surface":"κηδόμενοί","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λεγώμεθα","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b3-l241","source":"κείνῳ δʼ οὐκέτι νόστος ἐτήτυμος, ἀλλά οἱ ἤδη","translation":"For him there is no true homecoming any more; already the immortals","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείνῳ","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόστος","gloss":"for that man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"νόστος","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"return"},{"surface":"ἐτήτυμος","lemma":"ἐτήτυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φράσσαντ᾽","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράσσαντ᾽","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b3-l242","source":"φράσσαντʼ ἀθάνατοι θάνατον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν.","translation":"have decreed for him death and the black doom.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l242.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κῆρα μέλαιναν","title":"The black death-spirit","body":"κήρ is a personified spirit of death and doom, here 'black' (μέλαιναν). The phrase pairs the concrete sense of fate with a near-divine agent of destruction."}],"words":[{"surface":"φράσσαντ","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"decreed","note":"φράσσαντ᾽ (φράζω) here means 'appointed/decreed,' the gods fixing his fate rather than merely 'thinking.'"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φράσσαντ᾽","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κῆρα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b3-l243","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐθέλω ἔπος ἄλλο μεταλλῆσαι καὶ ἐρέσθαι","translation":"But now I wish to inquire of Nestor about another matter and to ask him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wish"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"μεταλλῆσαι","lemma":"μεταλλάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to inquire about"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρέσθαι","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to ask"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b3-l244","source":"Νέστορʼ, ἐπεὶ περὶ οἶδε δίκας ἠδὲ φρόνιν ἄλλων·","translation":"since he knows beyond others judgments and the wisdom of men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to οἶδε","gloss":"beyond","note":"περὶ used adverbially with οἶδε: 'knows beyond (others),' i.e. surpassingly—an idiomatic Homeric usage."},{"surface":"οἶδε","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"δίκας","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"judgments"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρόνιν","lemma":"φρόνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"wisdom"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φρόνιν","gloss":"of others"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b3-l245","source":"τρὶς γὰρ δή μίν φασιν ἀνάξασθαι γένεʼ ἀνδρῶν·","translation":"for they say that he has ruled over three generations of men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνάξασθαι","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μίν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάξασθαι","gloss":"him","note":"μιν, the enclitic Homeric 3rd-person pronoun, serves as the accusative subject of the infinitive ἀνάξασθαι (accusative-and-infinitive construction), matching its listed 'subject' role — not an object."},{"surface":"φασιν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they say"},{"surface":"ἀνάξασθαι","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of φασιν","gloss":"to have ruled"},{"surface":"γένε","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνάξασθαι","gloss":"generations"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γένε᾽","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b3-l246","source":"ὥς τέ μοι ἀθάνατος ἰνδάλλεται εἰσοράασθαι.","translation":"so that to my eyes he seems like one of the immortals.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰνδάλλεται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατος","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"ἰνδάλλεται","lemma":"ἰνδάλλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he seems","note":"ἰνδάλλομαι 'appear/seem like' — a vivid verb of visual impression, rare outside epic."},{"surface":"εἰσοράασθαι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἰνδάλλεται","gloss":"to look upon"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b3-l247","source":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη, σὺ δʼ ἀληθὲς ἐνίσπες·","translation":"Nestor, son of Neleus, tell me the truth:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"Νηληϊάδη","lemma":"Νηληιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστορ","gloss":"son of Neleus","note":"Patronymic epithet Νηληϊάδη, standard for identifying heroes by their father in epic address."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνίσπες","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀληθὲς","lemma":"ἀληθής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνίσπες","gloss":"the truth"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπες","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b3-l248","source":"πῶς ἔθανʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων;","translation":"how did the son of Atreus die, wide-ruling Agamemnon?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθαν᾽","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἔθαν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did he die"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κρείων","gloss":"widely","note":"εὐρὺ κρείων 'widely ruling' is Agamemnon's fixed Homeric epithet, marking his kingship."},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"ruling"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθαν᾽","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b3-l249","source":"ποῦ Μενέλαος ἔην; τίνα δʼ αὐτῷ μήσατʼ ὄλεθρον","translation":"Where was Menelaus? What destruction did he contrive against him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποῦ","lemma":"ποῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"τίνα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of μήσατ᾽","gloss":"against him"},{"surface":"μήσατ","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"contrived"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήσατ᾽","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b3-l250","source":"Αἴγισθος δολόμητις, ἐπεὶ κτάνε πολλὸν ἀρείω;","translation":"crafty Aegisthus, since he killed a man far better than himself?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l250.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δολόμητις","title":"Crafty of counsel","body":"δολόμητις, 'crafty in scheming,' is a recurring epithet for Aegisthus that marks him as a man of treacherous plots, contrasted here with the better man he murdered."}],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴγισθος","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μήσατ᾽","gloss":"Aegisthus"},{"surface":"δολόμητις","lemma":"δολομήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴγισθος","gloss":"crafty","note":"δολόμητις 'guile-minded' echoes δόλῳ in l235, reinforcing Aegisthus's defining trait of treachery."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"κτάνε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀρείω","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀρείω","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"object of κτάνε","gloss":"a better man"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b3-l251","source":"ἦ οὐκ Ἄργεος ἦεν Ἀχαιικοῦ, ἀλλά πῃ ἄλλῃ","translation":"Was Menelaus not in Achaean Argos, but somewhere else","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἦεν","gloss":"of Argos"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιικοῦ","lemma":"Ἀχαιικός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργεος","gloss":"Achaean"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to πλάζετ᾽","gloss":"somewhere","note":"πῃ...ἄλλῃ 'somewhere else,' an indefinite adverb pair spanning the line to ask where Menelaus was."},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies πῃ","gloss":"else"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b3-l252","source":"πλάζετʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, ὁ δὲ θαρσήσας κατέπεφνε;","translation":"wandering among men, so that Aegisthus took heart and killed him?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάζετ","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was wandering"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέπεφνε","gloss":"he","note":"ὁ used as a demonstrative pronoun ('he/that one'), an older Homeric usage before it became simply the article."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαρσήσας","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέπεφνε","gloss":"taking heart"},{"surface":"κατέπεφνε","lemma":"κατέπεφνον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b3-l253","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Then the Gerenian horseman Nestor answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l253.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ","title":"Nestor's full title","body":"This whole-line formula, 'the Gerenian horseman Nestor,' fills the verse and recurs whenever Nestor speaks. ἱππότα keeps an old vocative-shaped ending used as a fixed epithet form."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman","note":"ἱππότα Νέστωρ 'horseman Nestor' is his fixed epic epithet, closing the speech-introduction formula."},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b3-l254","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, τέκνον, ἀληθέα πάντʼ ἀγορεύσω.","translation":"\"Then I will tell you the whole truth, my child.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so then","note":"τοιγάρ opens a confident reply — 'well then, here's the truth.'"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child","note":"Vocative address to Telemachus; governed by an implied verb of speaking rather than ἀγορεύσω."},{"surface":"ἀληθέα","lemma":"ἀληθής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύσω","gloss":"true things"},{"surface":"πάντ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀληθέα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύσω","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell","note":"Future 1st sg. of ἀγορεύω, 'speak/proclaim' — Nestor promising a full account."}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b3-l255","source":"ἦ τοι μὲν τάδε καὐτὸς ὀίεαι, ὥς κεν ἐτύχθη,","translation":"Indeed you yourself can guess how this would have turned out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"καὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourself","note":"καὐτός = crasis of καί + αὐτός, 'even you yourself' — fuses two words into one for the meter."},{"surface":"ὀίεαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you guess"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐτύχθη","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"κεν is the Epic/Aeolic equivalent of ἄν, marking the potential/counterfactual mood with ἐτύχθη."},{"surface":"ἐτύχθη","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"it would have turned out"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b3-l256","source":"εἰ ζωόν γʼ Αἴγισθον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔτετμεν","translation":"if the son of Atreus, fair-haired Menelaus, had found Aegisthus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ζωόν","lemma":"ζωός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alive"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Αἴγισθον","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτετμεν","gloss":"Aegisthus"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls","note":"μέγαρον, 'great hall,' is the standard Homeric word for the palace's main hall, not exclusively a 'men's chamber.'"},{"surface":"ἔτετμεν","lemma":"τέτμον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had found","note":"τέτμον is an old aorist root-verb 'find, come upon,' surviving only in poetic/epic diction."}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b3-l257","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης Τροίηθεν ἰών, ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·","translation":"alive in the halls when he came back from Troy.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son of Atreus","note":"Patronymic epithet (Ἀτρεΐδης) for Menelaus/Agamemnon, a formulaic epic tag."},{"surface":"Τροίηθεν","lemma":"Τροίαθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰών","gloss":"from Troy"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔτετμεν","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"ξανθός 'golden-haired' is Menelaus's stock epithet throughout the Odyssey."},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b3-l258","source":"τῶ κέ οἱ οὐδὲ θανόντι χυτὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἔχευαν,","translation":"Then not even in death would they have heaped the earth over him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"then","note":"τῷ here is the adverbial dative 'therefore, in that case,' not the article."},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"θανόντι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"having died","note":"Dative participle 'even in death,' agreeing with οἱ — emphasizes he'd get no burial mound even dead."},{"surface":"χυτὴν","lemma":"χυτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"heaped up"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἔχευαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they would have poured"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b3-l259","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄρα τόν γε κύνες τε καὶ οἰωνοὶ κατέδαψαν","translation":"but dogs and birds would have torn him to pieces","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέδαψαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κύνες","lemma":"κύων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰωνοὶ","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"birds"},{"surface":"κατέδαψαν","lemma":"καταδάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore apart","note":"καταδάπτω 'rend, devour' — a grim image of the corpse left unburied, denied proper funeral rites."}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b3-l260","source":"κείμενον ἐν πεδίῳ ἑκὰς ἄστεος, οὐδέ κέ τίς μιν","translation":"as he lay on the plain far from the city, and not one woman","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμενον","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying","note":"κεῖμαι's participle describes the corpse sprawled on the plain — same verb used for a body 'laid out.'"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"plain"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"ἄστεος","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἑκὰς","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κλαῦσεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλαῦσεν","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b3-l261","source":"κλαῦσεν Ἀχαιιάδων· μάλα γὰρ μέγα μήσατο ἔργον.","translation":"of the Achaeans would have wept for him; for he had done a monstrous deed.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαῦσεν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have wept"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιιάδων","lemma":"Ἀχαιίς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of Achaean women","note":"Ἀχαιιάς, feminine form of Ἀχαιός — 'Achaean woman,' i.e. Greek woman, genitive plural."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"μήσατο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he devised"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μήσατο","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b3-l262","source":"ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ κεῖθι πολέας τελέοντες ἀέθλους","translation":"For while we were over there accomplishing our many trials,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἥμεθ᾽","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεῖθι","lemma":"ἐκεῖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πολέας","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀέθλους","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τελέοντες","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθ᾽","gloss":"accomplishing"},{"surface":"ἀέθλους","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τελέοντες","gloss":"trials","note":"ἆθλος 'contest, trial' — here the toils/labors of the Trojan War, not athletic games."}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b3-l263","source":"ἥμεθʼ· ὁ δʼ εὔκηλος μυχῷ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο","translation":"he sat at ease in a nook of horse-pasturing Argos","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l263.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἱπποβότοιο","title":"Old genitive ending -οιο","body":"ἱπποβότοιο ('horse-pasturing') shows the archaic Homeric genitive singular in -οιο, where later Greek uses -ου. Such old forms are kept for the meter."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμεθ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sat","note":"Pluperfect ἧμαι used with imperfect force in epic, 'we were sitting/encamped' at Troy."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θέλγεσκ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εὔκηλος","lemma":"εὔκηλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at ease"},{"surface":"μυχῷ","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θέλγεσκ᾽","gloss":"in a nook"},{"surface":"Ἄργεος","lemma":"Ἄργος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μυχῷ","gloss":"of Argos"},{"surface":"ἱπποβότοιο","lemma":"ἱππόβοτος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Ἄργεος","gloss":"horse-pasturing","note":"ἱππόβοτος, 'horse-grazing,' a formulaic epithet for the plain of Argos."}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b3-l264","source":"πόλλʼ Ἀγαμεμνονέην ἄλοχον θέλγεσκʼ ἐπέεσσιν.","translation":"and kept beguiling Agamemnon's wife with his words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l264.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θέλγεσκε","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"θέλγεσκε carries the -σκ- suffix marking repeated or habitual past action: 'he kept charming/beguiling.' It vividly conveys Aegisthus's persistent, ongoing seduction."}],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θέλγεσκ᾽","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμεμνονέην","lemma":"Ἀγαμεμνόνεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"Agamemnon's"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέλγεσκ᾽","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"θέλγεσκ","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept beguiling","note":"Iterative imperfect (-σκ- suffix) θέλγεσκε: 'kept charming/beguiling her again and again.'"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέλγεσκ᾽","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b3-l265","source":"ἡ δʼ ἦ τοι τὸ πρὶν μὲν ἀναίνετο ἔργον ἀεικὲς","translation":"At first she refused the shameful deed,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πρὶν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναίνετο","gloss":"at first","note":"τὸ πρίν, 'the before-time' — article + adverb fused into a temporal phrase, 'formerly.'"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀναίνετο","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"refused"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀναίνετο","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"ἀεικὲς","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"shameful"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b3-l266","source":"δῖα Κλυταιμνήστρη· φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητʼ ἀγαθῇσι·","translation":"noble Clytemnestra; for her mind was set on good things.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κλυταιμνήστρη","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος/δῖα 'god-like, noble' — formulaic epithet applied even to morally ambiguous figures like Clytemnestra."},{"surface":"Κλυταιμνήστρη","lemma":"Κλυταιμνήστρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Clytemnestra"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of κέχρητ᾽","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κέχρητ","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was set","note":"χράομαι + dative, 'to have/use' one's wits a certain way; pluperfect κέχρητο = 'her mind had been disposed.'"},{"surface":"ἀγαθῇσι","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶ","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b3-l267","source":"πὰρ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔην καὶ ἀοιδὸς ἀνήρ, ᾧ πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλεν","translation":"Beside her too was a singer, whom the son of Atreus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸς","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"singer","note":"ἀοιδός, the professional bard Agamemnon left to guard Clytemnestra's virtue — a key plot detail."},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἐπέτελλεν","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνήρ","gloss":"he charged"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b3-l268","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης Τροίηνδε κιὼν εἴρυσθαι ἄκοιτιν.","translation":"had strictly charged, when going to Troy, to guard his wife.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Τροίηνδε","lemma":"Τροίανδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κιὼν","gloss":"to Troy","note":"-δε suffix on Τροίην marks motion 'to/towards Troy,' an old directional case ending."},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτελλεν","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἄκοιτιν","lemma":"ἄκοιτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσασθαι","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b3-l269","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή μιν μοῖρα θεῶν ἐπέδησε δαμῆναι,","translation":"But when the doom of the gods bound her to be overcome,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαμῆναι","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"μοῖρα","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέδησε","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μοῖρα","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐπέδησε","lemma":"ἐπιδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"bound"},{"surface":"δαμῆναι","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐπέδησε","gloss":"to be overcome","note":"δαμῆναι, aorist passive infinitive of δαμάζω 'subdue' — often used of a woman being 'mastered' or seduced."}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b3-l270","source":"δὴ τότε τὸν μὲν ἀοιδὸν ἄγων ἐς νῆσον ἐρήμην","translation":"then indeed Aegisthus took the singer to a desert island","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάλλιπεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἀοιδὸν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάλλιπεν","gloss":"singer"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάλλιπεν","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆσον","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ἐρήμην","lemma":"ἐρῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆσον","gloss":"desert","note":"ἐρῆμος, 'deserted, lonely' — Aegisthus strands the bard so no witness/protector remains."}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b3-l271","source":"κάλλιπεν οἰωνοῖσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γενέσθαι,","translation":"and left him there to be the prey and spoil of birds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάλλιπεν","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he left"},{"surface":"οἰωνοῖσιν","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"for birds"},{"surface":"ἕλωρ","lemma":"ἕλωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prey","note":"ἕλωρ 'prey, spoil,' paired formulaically with κύρμα — a common Homeric doublet for carrion."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύρμα","lemma":"κύρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spoil"},{"surface":"γενέσθαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"object of κάλλιπεν","gloss":"to become"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b3-l272","source":"τὴν δʼ ἐθέλων ἐθέλουσαν ἀνήγαγεν ὅνδε δόμονδε.","translation":"and led her, willing as he was willing, to his own house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l272.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐθέλων ἐθέλουσαν","title":"Willing leading willing","body":"The doubled participle 'willing (he), willing (she)' tersely marks that Clytemnestra's resistance had collapsed: she now went of her own accord, a pointed shift from line 265."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀνήγαγεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐθέλων","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing","note":"ἐθέλων...ἐθέλουσαν, 'he willing, she willing' — the doubled participle stresses mutual, not forced, consent."},{"surface":"ἐθέλουσαν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"ἀνήγαγεν","lemma":"ἀνάγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led up"},{"surface":"ὅνδε","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμονδε","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"δόμονδε","lemma":"δόμονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνήγαγεν","gloss":"homeward","note":"δόμονδε, 'to the house,' -δε directional suffix again, epic style for 'homeward.'"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b3-l273","source":"πολλὰ δὲ μηρίʼ ἔκηε θεῶν ἱεροῖς ἐπὶ βωμοῖς,","translation":"Many thigh-pieces he burned on the gods' holy altars,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μηρί᾽","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μηρί","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκηε","gloss":"thigh-pieces","note":"μηρία, the thigh-bones wrapped in fat burned for the gods — standard sacrificial offering."},{"surface":"ἔκηε","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he burned"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βωμοῖς","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἱεροῖς","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βωμοῖς","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βωμοῖς","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"altars"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b3-l274","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ἀγάλματʼ ἀνῆψεν, ὑφάσματά τε χρυσόν τε,","translation":"and hung up many offerings, woven cloths and gold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀγάλματ᾽","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγάλματ","lemma":"ἄγαλμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"offerings"},{"surface":"ἀνῆψεν","lemma":"ἀνάπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he hung up"},{"surface":"ὑφάσματά","lemma":"ὕφασμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"woven cloths"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσόν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b3-l275","source":"ἐκτελέσας μέγα ἔργον, ὃ οὔ ποτε ἔλπετο θυμῷ.","translation":"having accomplished a great deed he never hoped for in his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκτελέσας","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"having accomplished"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκτελέσας","gloss":"deed"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔλπετο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἔλπετο","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔργον","gloss":"he had hoped","note":"ἔλπω/ἔλπομαι 'hope, expect' — bitter irony that Aegisthus never expected to pull off the murder."},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλπετο","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b3-l276","source":"ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ ἅμα πλέομεν Τροίηθεν ἰόντες,","translation":"Now we were sailing together on our way from Troy,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλέομεν","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"πλέομεν","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we were sailing"},{"surface":"Τροίηθεν","lemma":"Τροίαθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντες","gloss":"from Troy"},{"surface":"ἰόντες","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πλέομεν","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b3-l277","source":"Ἀτρεΐδης καὶ ἐγώ, φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν·","translation":"the son of Atreus and I, holding each other dear;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδης","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδότες","gloss":"dear","note":"φίλα here means 'friendly/dear things,' object of εἰδότες — 'knowing dear [thoughts] toward each other.'"},{"surface":"εἰδότες","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φίλα","gloss":"each other"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b3-l278","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε Σούνιον ἱρὸν ἀφικόμεθʼ, ἄκρον Ἀθηνέων,","translation":"but when we reached holy Sounion, the headland of Athens,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Σούνιον","lemma":"Σούνιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Sounion","note":"Cape Sounion, the real headland SE of Athens — a bit of concrete Greek geography in the epic."},{"surface":"ἱρὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Σούνιον","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ἀφικόμεθ","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"we reached"},{"surface":"ἄκρον","lemma":"ἄκρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"headland"},{"surface":"Ἀθηνέων","lemma":"Ἀθῆναι","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄκρον","gloss":"of Athens"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b3-l279","source":"ἔνθα κυβερνήτην Μενελάου Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"there Phoebus Apollo killed the helmsman of Menelaus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέπεφνε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κυβερνήτην","lemma":"κυβερνήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"helmsman"},{"surface":"Μενελάου","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κυβερνήτην","gloss":"of Menelaus"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus","note":"Φοῖβος 'radiant/bright,' Apollo's standing cult epithet, always paired with his name in formula."},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέπεφνε","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b3-l280","source":"οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχόμενος κατέπεφνε,","translation":"coming upon him with his gentle shafts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies βελέεσσιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἀγανοῖς","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βελέεσσιν","gloss":"gentle","note":"ἀγανός 'gentle, painless' describes Apollo's arrows — his 'soft' death-dealing shafts, a recurring epic motif."},{"surface":"βελέεσσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατέπεφνε","gloss":"shafts"},{"surface":"ἐποιχόμενος","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέπεφνε","gloss":"coming upon"},{"surface":"κατέπεφνε","lemma":"κατέπεφνον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he killed","note":"κατέπεφνον is a rare old aorist (no present stem), 'slay,' used only in epic formula."}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b3-l281","source":"πηδάλιον μετὰ χερσὶ θεούσης νηὸς ἔχοντα,","translation":"as he held the steering-oar in his hands while the ship ran on,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πηδάλιον","lemma":"πηδάλιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"steering-oar"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"θεούσης","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"running","note":"θεούσης νηὸς, 'of the running ship,' is a genitive participle modifying πηδάλιον ('the oar of the running ship') — an ordinary attributive genitive, not a genitive absolute."},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πηδάλιον","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b3-l282","source":"Φρόντιν Ὀνητορίδην, ὃς ἐκαίνυτο φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων","translation":"Phrontis, son of Onetor, who surpassed the tribes of men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φρόντιν","lemma":"Φρόντις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Phrontis"},{"surface":"Ὀνητορίδην","lemma":"Ὀνητορίδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Φρόντιν","gloss":"son of Onetor","note":"Patronymic in -ίδης, epic naming convention identifying father Onetor."},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκαίνυτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐκαίνυτο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Φρόντιν","gloss":"surpassed","note":"καίνυμαι + genitive/partitive sense 'excel among'; here governs φῦλ' as object."},{"surface":"φῦλ","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκαίνυτο","gloss":"tribes"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φῦλ᾽","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b3-l283","source":"νῆα κυβερνῆσαι, ὁπότε σπέρχοιεν ἄελλαι.","translation":"at steering a ship whenever the storm-winds rushed on.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l283.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὁπότε σπέρχοιεν","title":"Optative in a general clause","body":"ὁπότε with the optative σπέρχοιεν expresses a repeated, indefinite occasion: 'whenever the gales would rush on.' The optative marks the recurring, typical situation."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κυβερνῆσαι","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"κυβερνῆσαι","lemma":"κυβερνάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκαίνυτο","gloss":"at steering","note":"Epexegetical infinitive explaining in what Phrontis excelled."},{"surface":"ὁπότε","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"σπέρχοιεν","lemma":"σπέρχω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὁπότε","gloss":"rushed on","note":"Optative in a general temporal clause (indefinite/iterative 'whenever')."},{"surface":"ἄελλαι","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of σπέρχοιεν","gloss":"storm-winds"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b3-l284","source":"ὣς ὁ μὲν ἔνθα κατέσχετʼ, ἐπειγόμενός περ ὁδοῖο,","translation":"So Menelaus stayed there, eager though he was for the journey,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέσχετ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέσχετ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέσχετ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κατέσχετ","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stayed","note":"κατέσχετ' from κατέχω 'held back/put in' — Menelaus's ship stopped there."},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενός","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέσχετ᾽","gloss":"being eager","note":"Concessive participle: 'though eager' — sense reinforced by περ following."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though","note":"περ attached to participle gives concessive force 'eager AS HE WAS'."},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπειγόμενός","gloss":"for the journey"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b3-l285","source":"ὄφρʼ ἕταρον θάπτοι καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερίσειεν.","translation":"to bury his comrade and pay him the due funeral rites.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἕταρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θάπτοι","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"θάπτοι","lemma":"θάπτω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might bury"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides","note":"ἐπὶ used adverbially 'in addition' rather than as a true preposition here."},{"surface":"κτέρεα","lemma":"κτέρεα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κτερίσειεν","gloss":"funeral rites"},{"surface":"κτερίσειεν","lemma":"κτερίζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"pay the rites","note":"κτερίζω, cognate to κτέρεα — verb and object share the same root, a common Homeric figure."}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b3-l286","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ κεῖνος ἰὼν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον","translation":"But when he too, journeying over the wine-dark sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l286.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οἴνοπα πόντον","title":"\"Wine-dark sea\"","body":"οἶνοψ πόντος, 'wine-faced/wine-dark sea,' is one of Homer's most famous formulaic epithets for the deep. It evokes the dark, gleaming color of the open water."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖνος","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἷξε","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷξε","gloss":"going","note":"ἰών, present participle of εἶμι 'go', a suppletive verb often used for motion in epic."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"οἴνοπα","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"wine-dark","note":"οἶνοψ 'wine-dark/wine-faced' — classic Homeric epithet for the sea."},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b3-l287","source":"ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι Μαλειάων ὄρος αἰπὺ","translation":"in his hollow ships, came running to the steep height of Malea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"hollow","note":"γλαφυρός 'hollow', standard formulaic epithet for ships in Homer."},{"surface":"Μαλειάων","lemma":"Μάλεια","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"of Malea"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἷξε","gloss":"mountain height"},{"surface":"αἰπὺ","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"steep"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b3-l288","source":"ἷξε θέων, τότε δὴ στυγερὴν ὁδὸν εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς","translation":"then indeed far-thundering Zeus devised a hateful voyage for him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷξε","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached","note":"ἷξε from ἵκω/ἱκνέομαι 'come to, arrive at' — takes ὄρος as direct object."},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷξε","gloss":"running"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"στυγερὴν","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφράσατο","gloss":"voyage"},{"surface":"εὐρύοπα","lemma":"εὐρύοπα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"far-thundering","note":"εὐρύοπα, fixed epithet of Zeus 'wide-voiced/far-thundering', metrically shaped vocative-like form."},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφράσατο","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b3-l289","source":"ἐφράσατο, λιγέων δʼ ἀνέμων ἐπʼ ἀυτμένα χεῦε,","translation":"and poured out a blast of shrill-screaming winds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐφράσατο","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"devised"},{"surface":"λιγέων","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"shrill","note":"λιγύς 'clear/shrill-sounding', regularly describes winds' whistling sound."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀυτμένα","gloss":"of winds"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(intensifying)"},{"surface":"ἀυτμένα","lemma":"ἀυτμή","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χεῦε","gloss":"blast"},{"surface":"χεῦε","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured out","note":"χέω 'pour' applied metaphorically to a blast of wind — vivid liquid imagery for a gale."}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b3-l290","source":"κύματά τε τροφέοντο πελώρια, ἶσα ὄρεσσιν.","translation":"and the waves swelled monstrous, high as mountains.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l290.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἶσα ὄρεσσιν","title":"Waves like mountains","body":"'Equal to mountains' is a vivid comparison for the towering storm-swell. Homer often measures the sea's fury against the scale of mountains."}],"words":[{"surface":"κύματά","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of τροφέοντο","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τροφέοντο","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swelled"},{"surface":"πελώρια","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"ἶσα","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"equal to","note":"ἶσα + dative ὄρεσσιν 'equal to the mountains' — hyperbolic simile-like phrase for wave height."},{"surface":"ὄρεσσιν","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἶσα","gloss":"mountains"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b3-l291","source":"ἔνθα διατμήξας τὰς μὲν Κρήτῃ ἐπέλασσεν,","translation":"There he split the fleet, and drove some ships near Crete,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέλασσεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"διατμήξας","lemma":"διατμήγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέλασσεν","gloss":"splitting apart","note":"διατμήγω 'cut/split in two' — the fleet is divided by the storm."},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέλασσεν","gloss":"some (ships)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"Κρήτῃ","lemma":"Κρήτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέλασσεν","gloss":"to Crete"},{"surface":"ἐπέλασσεν","lemma":"ἐπελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove near"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b3-l292","source":"ἧχι Κύδωνες ἔναιον Ἰαρδάνου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα.","translation":"where the Cydonians dwelt about the streams of the Iardanus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧχι","lemma":"ἧχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔναιον","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"Κύδωνες","lemma":"Κύδωνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔναιον","gloss":"Cydonians"},{"surface":"ἔναιον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κρήτῃ","gloss":"dwelt"},{"surface":"Ἰαρδάνου","lemma":"Ἰάρδανος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥέεθρα","gloss":"of Iardanus"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ῥέεθρα","lemma":"ῥεῖθρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b3-l293","source":"ἔστι δέ τις λισσὴ αἰπεῖά τε εἰς ἅλα πέτρη","translation":"There is a certain smooth, sheer cliff running down to the sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there is"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πέτρη","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"λισσὴ","lemma":"λισσός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"αἰπεῖά","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies εἰς","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"πέτρη","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"cliff"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b3-l294","source":"ἐσχατιῇ Γόρτυνος ἐν ἠεροειδέι πόντῳ·","translation":"at the border of Gortyn, in the misty deep;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσχατιῇ","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔστι","gloss":"at the border"},{"surface":"Γόρτυνος","lemma":"Γόρτυς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐσχατιῇ","gloss":"of Gortyn"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδέι","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"misty","note":"ἠεροειδής 'looking like mist/haze' — describes the dim, murky deep sea."},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"the deep sea"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b3-l295","source":"ἔνθα Νότος μέγα κῦμα ποτὶ σκαιὸν ῥίον ὠθεῖ,","translation":"there the South Wind drives a great wave against the western headland,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"Νότος","lemma":"Νότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὠθεῖ","gloss":"South Wind"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὠθεῖ","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"σκαιὸν","lemma":"σκαιός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥίον","gloss":"western","note":"σκαιός literally 'left-hand', used directionally for 'west' in Homeric geography."},{"surface":"ῥίον","lemma":"ῥίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"headland"},{"surface":"ὠθεῖ","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drives"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b3-l296","source":"ἐς Φαιστόν, μικρὸς δὲ λίθος μέγα κῦμʼ ἀποέργει.","translation":"toward Phaistos, and a small rock holds back the great wave.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Φαιστόν","lemma":"Φαιστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Phaistos"},{"surface":"μικρὸς","lemma":"μικρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθος","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"λίθος","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποέργει","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμ᾽","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμ","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποέργει","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"ἀποέργει","lemma":"ἀπείργω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds back"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b3-l297","source":"αἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἔνθʼ ἦλθον, σπουδῇ δʼ ἤλυξαν ὄλεθρον","translation":"These ships came there, and the men barely escaped destruction,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"they (ships)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"σπουδῇ","lemma":"σπουδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἤλυξαν","gloss":"with effort","note":"σπουδῇ 'with haste/effort', dative of manner modifying the narrow escape."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἤλυξαν","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλυξαν","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b3-l298","source":"ἄνδρες, ἀτὰρ νῆάς γε ποτὶ σπιλάδεσσιν ἔαξαν","translation":"but the ships themselves the waves shattered against the reefs;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l298.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔαξαν","title":"Aorist of breaking","body":"ἔαξαν is the aorist of ἄγνυμι, 'to break, shatter.' The aorist presents the wrecking as a single completed event—the ships dashed to pieces on the rocks."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυξαν","gloss":"the men"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νῆάς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔαξαν","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"σπιλάδεσσιν","lemma":"σπιλάς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"reefs"},{"surface":"ἔαξαν","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shattered"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b3-l299","source":"κύματʼ· ἀτὰρ τὰς πέντε νέας κυανοπρῳρείους","translation":"the waves did. But the other five dark-prowed ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύματ","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔαξαν","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine article","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πέντε","lemma":"πέντε","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"five"},{"surface":"νέας","lemma":"νέα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέλασσε","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κυανοπρῳρείους","lemma":"κυανοπρῴρειος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέας","gloss":"dark-prowed","note":"κυανοπρῴρειος, compound epithet 'dark/blue-prowed' typical of Homeric ship-descriptions."}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b3-l300","source":"Αἰγύπτῳ ἐπέλασσε φέρων ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕδωρ.","translation":"wind and water bore on and drove near Egypt.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰγύπτῳ","lemma":"Αἴγυπτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέλασσε","gloss":"to Egypt"},{"surface":"ἐπέλασσε","lemma":"ἐπελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove near"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἄνεμός","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"ἄνεμός","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b3-l301","source":"ὣς ὁ μὲν ἔνθα πολὺν βίοτον καὶ χρυσὸν ἀγείρων","translation":"So Menelaus, gathering much wealth and gold there,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠλᾶτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠλᾶτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠλᾶτο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βίοτον","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"βίοτον","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wealth"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"ἀγείρων","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠλᾶτο","gloss":"gathering"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b3-l302","source":"ἠλᾶτο ξὺν νηυσὶ κατʼ ἀλλοθρόους ἀνθρώπους·","translation":"wandered with his ships among men of alien speech;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀλλοθρόους","title":"Of alien speech","body":"ἀλλόθροος, 'speaking another tongue,' marks foreign peoples by their unintelligible language. It underscores how far from the Greek world Menelaus's wanderings carried him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠλᾶτο","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wandered","note":"ἀλάομαι 'wander/roam' — same verb root as Odysseus's own wanderings, linking the two heroes' fates."},{"surface":"ξὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ξὺν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀλλοθρόους","lemma":"ἀλλόθροος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπους","gloss":"of alien speech","note":"ἀλλόθροος 'speaking a foreign tongue', vivid marker of Menelaus's exotic travels (Egypt etc.)."},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπους","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b3-l303","source":"τόφρα δὲ ταῦτʼ Αἴγισθος ἐμήσατο οἴκοθι λυγρά.","translation":"and meanwhile at home Aegisthus plotted these grievous deeds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμήσατο","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐμήσατο","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"Αἴγισθος","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμήσατο","gloss":"Aegisthus"},{"surface":"ἐμήσατο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plotted"},{"surface":"οἴκοθι","lemma":"οἴκοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμήσατο","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"λυγρά","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ταῦτ᾽","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b3-l305","source":"ἑπτάετες δʼ ἤνασσε πολυχρύσοιο Μυκήνης,","translation":"For seven years he ruled over Mycenae rich in gold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l305.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολυχρύσοιο Μυκήνης","title":"Mycenae rich in gold","body":"'Mycenae rich in gold' (πολύχρυσος) preserves a memory of the city's legendary wealth, confirmed by the gold-laden Bronze Age graves later found there."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑπτάετες","lemma":"ἑπταετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤνασσε","gloss":"for seven years"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤνασσε","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ruled"},{"surface":"πολυχρύσοιο","lemma":"πολύχρυσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Μυκήνης","gloss":"rich in gold","note":"πολύχρυσος, standard epithet of Mycenae reflecting its legendary wealth."},{"surface":"Μυκήνης","lemma":"Μυκήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤνασσε","gloss":"Mycenae"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b3-l304","source":"κτείνας Ἀτρεΐδην, δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπʼ αὐτῷ.","translation":"after killing the son of Atreus, and the people were subdued under him.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτείνας","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤνασσε","gloss":"having killed","note":"Aorist participle marking the prior completed act (murder) before the main verb's state (subjection)."},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδην","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κτείνας","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"δέδμητο","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were subdued","note":"Pluperfect δέδμητο 'had been subdued' — stresses the resulting state of the people under Aegisthus."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαὸς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δέδμητο","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b3-l306","source":"τῷ δέ οἱ ὀγδοάτῳ κακὸν ἤλυθε δῖος Ὀρέστης","translation":"But in the eighth year godlike Orestes came back to be his ruin,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ὀγδοάτῳ","gloss":"in that"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤλυθε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὀγδοάτῳ","lemma":"ὀγδόατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθε","gloss":"eighth"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as ruin"},{"surface":"ἤλυθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀρέστης","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀρέστης","lemma":"Ὀρέστης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθε","gloss":"Orestes"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b3-l307","source":"ἂψ ἀπʼ Ἀθηνάων, κατὰ δʼ ἔκτανε πατροφονῆα,","translation":"home from Athens, and killed the murderer of his father,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθε","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ἀθηνάων","lemma":"Ἀθῆναι","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπ᾽","gloss":"Athens"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"Tmesis: κατὰ...ἔκτανε = κατέκτανε ('slew down, utterly'), split apart by δ᾽."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκτανε","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed"},{"surface":"πατροφονῆα","lemma":"πατροφονεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"his father's murderer"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b3-l308","source":"Αἴγισθον δολόμητιν, ὅ οἱ πατέρα κλυτὸν ἔκτα.","translation":"crafty Aegisthus, who had slain his glorious father.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἴγισθον","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Aegisthus"},{"surface":"δολόμητιν","lemma":"δολομήτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἴγισθον","gloss":"crafty"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκτα","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πατέρα","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔκτα","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρα","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἔκτα","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἴγισθον","gloss":"had slain"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b3-l309","source":"ἦ τοι ὁ τὸν κτείνας δαίνυ τάφον Ἀργείοισιν","translation":"Then, having killed him, he gave the Argives a funeral feast","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνυ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτείνας","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κτείνας","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνυ","gloss":"having killed"},{"surface":"δαίνυ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave a feast"},{"surface":"τάφον","lemma":"τάφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δαίνυ","gloss":"funeral feast"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δαίνυ","gloss":"for the Argives"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b3-l310","source":"μητρός τε στυγερῆς καὶ ἀνάλκιδος Αἰγίσθοιο·","translation":"for his hateful mother and for cowardly Aegisthus;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητρός","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στυγερῆς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρός","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδος","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰγίσθοιο","gloss":"cowardly","note":"ἄναλκις 'lacking valor' — pointed insult, contrasting Aegisthus with true warriors."},{"surface":"Αἰγίσθοιο","lemma":"Αἴγισθος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Aegisthus"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b3-l311","source":"αὐτῆμαρ δέ οἱ ἦλθε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος","translation":"and on that same day Menelaus, good at the war-cry, arrived,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"βοὴν ἀγαθός","title":"\"Good at the war-cry\"","body":"βοὴν ἀγαθός, 'good at the battle-shout,' is a standing epithet for warriors like Menelaus and Diomedes, praising the commanding voice that rallied men in battle."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῆμαρ","lemma":"αὐτῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"on that same day"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"βοὴν","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀγαθὸς","gloss":"war-cry","note":"βοὴν ἀγαθός, formulaic Homeric epithet (accusative of respect) attached to Menelaus."},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b3-l312","source":"πολλὰ κτήματʼ ἄγων, ὅσα οἱ νέες ἄχθος ἄειραν.","translation":"bringing much treasure, as much as his ships could carry.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κτήματ","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"treasure"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄειραν","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄειραν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἄειραν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄχθος","lemma":"ἄχθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"complement of ἄειραν","gloss":"cargo","note":"ἄχθος 'load/burden' as predicate complement to ἄειραν 'lifted' — ships as bearing weight."},{"surface":"ἄειραν","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"could carry"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b3-l313","source":"καὶ σύ, φίλος, μὴ δηθὰ δόμων ἄπο τῆλʼ\n                     ἀλάλησο,","translation":"And you, my friend, do not wander long, far from your home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend","note":"Vocative φίλος, direct address to Telemachus by Nestor — governed by implied verb of address."},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλάλησο","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"δόμων","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"τῆλ","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀλάλησο","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀλάλησο","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wander","note":"ἀλάλησο, imperative of ἀλάομαι — echoes the same wandering verb used of Menelaus above."}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b3-l314","source":"κτήματά τε προλιπὼν ἄνδρας τʼ ἐν σοῖσι δόμοισιν","translation":"leaving behind your possessions and men so overbearing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματά","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"possessions"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προλιπὼν","lemma":"προλείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλάλησο","gloss":"leaving behind","note":"Nom. participle agrees with the 'you' of ἀλάλησο (wander) two lines back—epic sentences run long across lines."},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σοῖσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"your","note":"σοῖσι is the epic/Ionic dat. pl. ending -οισι instead of Attic -οις."},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b3-l315","source":"οὕτω ὑπερφιάλους, μή τοι κατὰ πάντα φάγωσιν","translation":"in your house, lest they devour everything of yours,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l315.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή ... φάγωσιν","title":"Clause of fearing","body":"μή with the subjunctive (φάγωσιν) introduces a clause of apprehension: 'lest they devour.' It expresses the danger Nestor warns Telemachus against."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπερφιάλους","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλους","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"overbearing"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest","note":"μή + subjunctive φάγωσιν = a fear/purpose clause: 'lest they devour.'"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of φάγωσιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"utterly","note":"κατά here is adverbial/intensifying ('completely'), not governing a noun—common Homeric use with verbs of consuming."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φάγωσιν","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"φάγωσιν","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"devour"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b3-l316","source":"κτήματα δασσάμενοι, σὺ δὲ τηϋσίην ὁδὸν ἔλθῃς.","translation":"dividing up your goods, and you will have made a useless journey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δασσάμενοι","gloss":"goods"},{"surface":"δασσάμενοι","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φάγωσιν","gloss":"dividing up","note":"Middle voice δασσάμενοι: they divide the goods among/for themselves."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλθῃς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τηϋσίην","lemma":"τηύσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"useless","note":"τηϋσίην ὁδόν, 'a fruitless journey,' is a Homeric formula for a wasted trip."},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλθῃς","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"ἔλθῃς","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"you go/make"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b3-l317","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐς μὲν Μενέλαον ἐγὼ κέλομαι καὶ ἄνωγα","translation":"But to Menelaus I bid and urge you","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Μενέλαον","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Menelaus"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κέλομαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bid","note":"κέλομαι and ἄνωγα paired for emphasis—'I urge and command,' typical epic doubling of near-synonyms."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνωγα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urge"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b3-l318","source":"ἐλθεῖν· κεῖνος γὰρ νέον ἄλλοθεν εἰλήλουθεν,","translation":"to go; for he has lately come from elsewhere,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἰλήλουθεν","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθεν","gloss":"recently"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of εἰλήλουθεν","gloss":"from elsewhere"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come","note":"εἰλήλουθεν is the reduplicated perfect/pluperfect stem of ἔρχομαι, marking a completed arrival still relevant now."}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b3-l319","source":"ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὅθεν οὐκ ἔλποιτό γε θυμῷ","translation":"from among those men from whom one could not hope in his heart","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔλποιτό","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"could hope","note":"Optative ἔλποιτο expresses a general/potential idea: 'one would not expect to.'"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔλποιτό","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b3-l320","source":"ἐλθέμεν, ὅν τινα πρῶτον ἀποσφήλωσιν ἄελλαι","translation":"to return, once the storm-winds have first driven him astray","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔλποιτό","gloss":"to return"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποσφήλωσιν","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀποσφήλωσιν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ἀποσφήλωσιν","lemma":"ἀποσφάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"subject of ἔλποιτό","gloss":"drive astray","note":"Aorist subjunctive ἀποσφήλωσιν in a general/indefinite relative clause ('whomever the storms first drive off')."},{"surface":"ἄελλαι","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀποσφήλωσιν","gloss":"storm-winds"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b3-l321","source":"ἐς πέλαγος μέγα τοῖον, ὅθεν τέ περ οὐδʼ οἰωνοὶ","translation":"into so vast a sea, from which not even the birds","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πέλαγος","lemma":"πέλαγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πέλαγος","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέγα","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"ὅθεν","lemma":"ὅθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of οἰχνεῦσιν","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even","note":"οὐδὲ … περ together yield 'not even'; the τέ just before is the separate epic generalizing particle attached to the relative ὅθεν, not part of that phrase."},{"surface":"οἰωνοὶ","lemma":"οἰωνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of οἰχνεῦσιν","gloss":"birds"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b3-l322","source":"αὐτόετες οἰχνεῦσιν, ἐπεὶ μέγα τε δεινόν τε.","translation":"come back within the year, since it is great and terrible.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l322.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐτόετες","title":"Within the same year","body":"αὐτόετες means 'in the same year, within a year.' The hyperbole—that even birds need more than a year to cross—stresses the immense distance of Menelaus's wanderings."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόετες","lemma":"αὐτοετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to οἰχνεῦσιν","gloss":"within a year","note":"αὐτόετες, 'in the same year,' a rare adverbial form stressing how vast and dangerous the sea is."},{"surface":"οἰχνεῦσιν","lemma":"οἰχνέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέλαγος","gloss":"come back"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεινόν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b3-l323","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν σὺν νηί τε σῇ καὶ σοῖς ἑτάροισιν·","translation":"But go now with your ship and your companions;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴθι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"go","note":"ἴθι, imperative of εἶμι (root form of 'to go'), a stock command in epic speech."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴθι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηί","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σῇ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηί","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοῖς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b3-l324","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις πεζός, πάρα τοι δίφρος τε καὶ ἵπποι,","translation":"or if you prefer to go by land, a chariot and horses are at your service,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"πεζός","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"on foot","note":"πεζός, 'on foot/by land,' a predicate adjective describing how Telemachus would travel, contrasted with going by ship."},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at hand","note":"πάρα stands for πάρεστι, 'is available'—the verb εἰμί is understood (ellipsis), with anastrophe shifting the accent onto the preposition. Not elision (which is vowel-dropping, e.g. ἀλλ᾽)."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δίφρος","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b3-l325","source":"πὰρ δέ τοι υἷες ἐμοί, οἵ τοι πομπῆες ἔσονται","translation":"and my sons are at hand, who will be your escorts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at hand","note":"πάρ is the apocopated form of παρά standing for πάρεισι, 'are at hand'; again the verb εἰμί is understood, not a case of elision."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσονται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔσονται","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"πομπῆες","lemma":"πομπεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"escorts"},{"surface":"ἔσονται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing υἷες","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b3-l326","source":"ἐς Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν, ὅθι ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.","translation":"to noble Lacedaemon, where fair-haired Menelaus lives.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Λακεδαίμονα","lemma":"Λακεδαίμων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐς","gloss":"Lacedaemon"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λακεδαίμονα","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ξανθὸς","lemma":"ξανθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενέλαος","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"ξανθὸς Μενέλαος is a fixed Homeric epithet-name pair for Menelaus, used formulaically across the poem."},{"surface":"Μενέλαος","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b3-l327","source":"λίσσεσθαι δέ μιν αὐτός, ἵνα νημερτὲς ἐνίσπῃ·","translation":"Beg him yourself, that he may tell you the truth;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l327.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἵνα ... ἐνίσπῃ","title":"Purpose clause","body":"ἵνα with the subjunctive (ἐνίσπῃ, 'that he may tell') marks a purpose clause: beg him so that he will speak truly. The same line recurs verbatim earlier of Nestor (line 19/327)."}],"words":[{"surface":"λίσσεσθαι","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"beg"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίσσεσθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"νημερτὲς","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"truly","note":"νημερτές, neuter adjective used adverbially with ἐνίσπῃ: 'tell (it) unerringly/truly.'"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπῃ","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may tell"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b3-l328","source":"ψεῦδος δʼ οὐκ ἐρέει· μάλα γὰρ πεπνυμένος ἐστίν.","translation":"he will tell no lie, for he is very wise.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψεῦδος","lemma":"ψεῦδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρέει","gloss":"falsehood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐρέει","lemma":"ἐρῶ","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle of πέπνυμαι, is Homer's standing epithet for prudent, level-headed men (also used of Telemachus)."},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b3-l329","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἠέλιος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας\n                  ἦλθε.","translation":"So he spoke, and the sun set and darkness came on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l329.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔδυ","title":"Root aorist \"set\"","body":"ἔδυ is a root aorist of δύω, 'sank, set'—a single completed event. The sunset formula closes the scene and marks the passage of the day."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set","note":"ἔδυ, root aorist of δύω ('sink/enter'), the standard Homeric verb for the sun going down."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b3-l330","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"And the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέειπε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, Athena's recurring Homeric epithet-name formula ('flashing/owl-eyed')."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b3-l331","source":"ὦ γέρον, ἦ τοι ταῦτα κατὰ μοῖραν κατέλεξας·","translation":"Old man, truly you have told all this in due order;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man","note":"Vocative γέρον addresses Nestor directly—Athena (disguised as Mentor) speaking to the old king."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of κατέλεξας","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due order","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν, 'according to due measure/order,' a common Homeric phrase praising fitting, proper speech."},{"surface":"κατέλεξας","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you told"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b3-l332","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε τάμνετε μὲν γλώσσας, κεράασθε δὲ οἶνον,","translation":"but come, cut out the tongues and mix the wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"τάμνετε","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γλώσσας","lemma":"γλῶσσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τάμνετε","gloss":"tongues","note":"Cutting out the tongues of sacrificial victims for burning is a set ritual step before libation—cultural detail worth flagging."},{"surface":"κεράασθε","lemma":"κεράω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mix"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεράασθε","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b3-l333","source":"ὄφρα Ποσειδάωνι καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισιν","translation":"so that to Poseidon and the other immortals","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοις","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀθανάτοισιν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"immortals"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b3-l334","source":"σπείσαντες κοίτοιο μεδώμεθα· τοῖο γὰρ ὥρη.","translation":"we may pour libation and then turn our thoughts to bed; for it is the hour for that.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπείσαντες","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μεδώμεθα","gloss":"having poured libation"},{"surface":"κοίτοιο","lemma":"κοῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεδώμεθα","gloss":"of sleep"},{"surface":"μεδώμεθα","lemma":"μέδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we may turn our thoughts","note":"κοίτοιο μεδώμεθα, 'take thought of bed'—an idiomatic genitive object with μέδομαι, 'be mindful of.'"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὥρη","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὥρη","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hour"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b3-l335","source":"ἤδη γὰρ φάος οἴχεθʼ ὑπὸ ζόφον, οὐδὲ ἔοικεν·","translation":"For already the light has sunk into the dark, and it is not fitting","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἴχεθ᾽","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"φάος","lemma":"φάος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of οἴχεθ᾽","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"οἴχεθ","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has gone"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ζόφον","lemma":"ζόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is fitting","note":"ἔοικεν, perfect of εἴκω used as present ('it is fitting/seemly'), governs the infinitives in the next line."}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b3-l336","source":"δηθὰ θεῶν ἐν δαιτὶ θαασσέμεν, ἀλλὰ νέεσθαι.","translation":"to sit long at the gods' feast; rather we should be going.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θαασσέμεν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δαιτὶ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"δαιτὶ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"θαασσέμεν","lemma":"θαάσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to sit"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but rather"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"go home"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b3-l337","source":"ἦ ῥα Διὸς θυγάτηρ, οἱ δʼ ἔκλυον αὐδησάσης.","translation":"So spoke the daughter of Zeus, and they heard her words.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἦ (from ἠμί, 'said'), a distinct verb from the particle ἦ ('truly')—easy to confuse, disambiguated by context."},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦ","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκλυον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"αὐδησάσης","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"object of ἔκλυον","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b3-l338","source":"τοῖσι δὲ κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν,","translation":"Then the heralds poured water over their hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχευαν","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχευαν","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχευαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"Hand-washing before the feast (χέρνιψ ritual) is a fixed Homeric banquet formula."}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b3-l339","source":"κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο,","translation":"and the young men filled the mixing-bowls brimful with drink,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρητῆρας","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"mixing-bowls"},{"surface":"ἐπεστέψαντο","lemma":"ἐπιστέφω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled brimful"},{"surface":"ποτοῖο","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπεστέψαντο","gloss":"with drink"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b3-l340","source":"νώμησαν δʼ ἄρα πᾶσιν ἐπαρξάμενοι δεπάεσσι·","translation":"and served it to all, with a first pouring into the cups;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώμησαν","lemma":"νωμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"served"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of νώμησαν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"ἐπαρξάμενοι","lemma":"ἐπάρχω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to νώμησαν","gloss":"beginning with","note":"ἐπαρξάμενοι, 'having made first offering,' describes the ritual of pouring a portion first before serving all—ties to the libation custom."},{"surface":"δεπάεσσι","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπαρξάμενοι","gloss":"cups"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b3-l341","source":"γλώσσας δʼ ἐν πυρὶ βάλλον, ἀνιστάμενοι δʼ ἐπέλειβον.","translation":"and they cast the tongues into the fire, and rose to pour libation.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γλώσσας","lemma":"γλῶσσα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βάλλον","gloss":"tongues"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"βάλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἀνιστάμενοι","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέλειβον","gloss":"rising up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέλειβον","lemma":"ἐπιλείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured libation","note":"ἐπέλειβον, imperfect describing the ritual libation-pouring that closes the sacrifice scene begun with the cut tongues."}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b3-l342","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σπεῖσάν τʼ ἔπιον θʼ, ὅσον ἤθελε θυμός,","translation":"But when they had made libation and drunk as much as their hearts desired,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l342.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅσον ἤθελε θυμός","title":"Imperfect of wishing","body":"ἤθελε is imperfect, describing the ongoing desire of the heart (thumos) as each man drank his fill — a recurring formulaic close to a feast."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σπεῖσάν","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"had poured libation","note":"σπένδω = pour a libation, ritual wine offering before drinking"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπιον","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"had drunk"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as much as","note":"ὅσος 'as much as' sets up the correlative clause with θυμός ἤθελε"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔπιον","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"their heart","note":"θυμός 'heart/spirit' as grammatical subject of desire, common Homeric idiom"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b3-l343","source":"δὴ τότʼ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Τηλέμαχος θεοειδὴς","translation":"then Athena and godlike Telemachus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱέσθην","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"θεοειδὴς","lemma":"θεοειδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεοειδής 'god-shaped/godlike' stock epithet for heroic young men like Telemachus"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b3-l344","source":"ἄμφω ἱέσθην κοίλην ἐπὶ νῆα νέεσθαι.","translation":"both, were eager to return to the hollow ship.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l344.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄμφω ἱέσθην","title":"Dual number","body":"ἄμφω and the verb ending -σθην are dual forms, used because exactly two people (Athena and Telemachus) act together — a feature Homer keeps alive but later Greek largely drops."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"both","note":"ἄμφω, dual number used for exactly two (Athena and Telemachus)"},{"surface":"ἱέσθην","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were eager"},{"surface":"κοίλην","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἱέσθην","gloss":"to return","note":"νέομαι, the verb behind 'nostos' (return-journey), the Odyssey's central theme"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b3-l345","source":"Νέστωρ δʼ αὖ κατέρυκε καθαπτόμενος ἐπέεσσιν·","translation":"But Nestor held them back, rebuking them with his words:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέρυκε","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"κατέρυκε","lemma":"κατερύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back"},{"surface":"καθαπτόμενος","lemma":"καθάπτω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέρυκε","gloss":"rebuking"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καθαπτόμενος","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b3-l346","source":"Ζεὺς τό γʼ ἀλεξήσειε καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ\n                     ἄλλοι,","translation":"May Zeus forbid it, and the other immortal gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ἀλεξήσειε","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀλεξήσειε","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may forbid","note":"aorist optative of wish, 'may Zeus prevent this' — a common Homeric prayer-formula"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b3-l347","source":"ὡς ὑμεῖς παρʼ ἐμεῖο θοὴν ἐπὶ νῆα κίοιτε","translation":"that you should go from my house to a swift ship","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of κίοιτε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρ᾽","gloss":"me","note":"ἐμεῖο, epic genitive of ἐγώ, alternate to Attic ἐμοῦ"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"κίοιτε","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"should go","note":"κίοιτε, optative of κίω 'go' expressing Nestor's rejected hypothetical"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b3-l348","source":"ὥς τέ τευ ἦ παρὰ πάμπαν ἀνείμονος ἠδὲ πενιχροῦ,","translation":"as if from some man wholly without clothing and poor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"some man"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνείμονος","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"ἀνείμονος","lemma":"ἀνείμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"clotheless","note":"ἀνείμων, a rare privative adjective ('without a cloak'), stresses Nestor's hospitality theme"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πενιχροῦ","lemma":"πενιχρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"poor"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b3-l349","source":"ᾧ οὔ τι χλαῖναι καὶ ῥήγεα πόλλʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ,","translation":"who has no cloaks and no plenty of blankets in his house,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l349.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"χλαῖναι","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥήγεα","lemma":"ῥῆγος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"blankets","note":"ῥήγεα, thick woven coverlets — a mark of household wealth in Homeric hospitality scenes"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥήγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b3-l350","source":"οὔτʼ αὐτῷ μαλακῶς οὔτε ξείνοισιν ἐνεύδειν.","translation":"for himself or his guests to sleep soft upon.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of οὔ","gloss":"for himself"},{"surface":"μαλακῶς","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνεύδειν","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ξείνοισιν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔ","gloss":"for his guests"},{"surface":"ἐνεύδειν","lemma":"ἐνεύδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ῥήγεα","gloss":"to sleep on"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b3-l351","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ πάρα μὲν χλαῖναι καὶ ῥήγεα καλά.","translation":"But I have cloaks and fine blankets ready.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for me","note":"dative of possession with πάρα (=πάρεστι), 'I have,' echoing epic tmesis of preposition+verb"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"are ready"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χλαῖναι","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cloaks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥήγεα","lemma":"ῥῆγος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"blankets"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥήγεα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b3-l352","source":"οὔ θην δὴ τοῦδʼ ἀνδρὸς Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱὸς","translation":"Surely the dear son of this man, of Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θην","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely","note":"θήν, rare emphatic particle underscoring Nestor's assertion"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καταλέξεται","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b3-l353","source":"νηὸς ἐπʼ ἰκριόφιν καταλέξεται, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγώ γε","translation":"shall not lie down on a ship's deck, not while I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἰκριόφιν","gloss":"of ship"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἰκριόφιν","lemma":"ἴκρια","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"deck","note":"ἴκρια, the ship's raised deck-planks where sailors slept"},{"surface":"καταλέξεται","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall lie down"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while","note":"ὄφρα ἂν + subjunctive, 'as long as' — a temporal clause of duration"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal marker]"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ζώω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b3-l354","source":"ζώω, ἔπειτα δὲ παῖδες ἐνὶ μεγάροισι λίπωνται,","translation":"am alive, and afterward children are left in my halls","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ζώω","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"am alive"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίπωνται","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of λίπωνται","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"λίπωνται","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"are left"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b3-l355","source":"ξείνους ξεινίζειν, ὅς τίς κʼ ἐμὰ δώμαθʼ ἵκηται.","translation":"to entertain guests, whoever may come to my house.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ξεινίζειν","gloss":"guests"},{"surface":"ξεινίζειν","lemma":"ξενίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of λίπωνται","gloss":"to entertain","note":"ξενίζειν, the duty of xenia (guest-friendship), a core Homeric social code"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal marker]"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξείνους","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b3-l356","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"Then the goddess, gray-eyed Athena, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l356.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γλαυκῶπις","title":"Epithet \"gray-eyed\"","body":"glaukôpis is Athena's standing epithet, repeated formulaically. Such fixed name-plus-epithet pairs are a hallmark of oral hexameter composition."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's fixed Homeric epithet, 'flashing/gray/owl-eyed'"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b3-l357","source":"εὖ δὴ ταῦτά γʼ ἔφησθα, γέρον φίλε· σοὶ δὲ ἔοικεν","translation":"Well have you spoken in this, dear old man; and it is fitting","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφησθα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτά","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔφησθα","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔφησθα","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you said","note":"ἔφησθα, 2nd-sg imperfect of φημί with archaic -σθα ending"},{"surface":"γέρον","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"φίλε","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέρον","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of πείθεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is fitting"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b3-l358","source":"Τηλέμαχον πείθεσθαι, ἐπεὶ πολὺ κάλλιον οὕτως.","translation":"that Telemachus obey you, for it is much the better way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πείθεσθαι","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"πείθεσθαι","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἔοικεν","gloss":"to obey"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κάλλιον","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κάλλιον","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"κάλλιον, comparative of καλός used adverbially as predicate, 'much finer this way'"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b3-l359","source":"ἀλλʼ οὗτος μὲν νῦν σοὶ ἅμʼ ἕψεται, ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ","translation":"So he will follow you now, that he may sleep","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕψεται","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕψεται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἕψεται","gloss":"with you","note":"σοί here functions adverbially with ἅμα, 'together with you' despite the marked adjective morphology"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕψεται","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕψεται","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will follow"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal marker]"},{"surface":"εὕδῃ","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may sleep"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b3-l360","source":"σοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ νῆα μέλαιναν","translation":"in your halls; but I will go to the black ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοῖσιν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶμ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black","note":"μέλαιναν, fixed epithet 'black ship' — the standard color formula for Homeric vessels"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b3-l361","source":"εἶμʼ, ἵνα θαρσύνω θʼ ἑτάρους εἴπω τε ἕκαστα.","translation":"to hearten the comrades and tell each one everything.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will go"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"θαρσύνω","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"I may hearten"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θαρσύνω","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"I may tell"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"each thing"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b3-l362","source":"οἶος γὰρ μετὰ τοῖσι γεραίτερος εὔχομαι εἶναι·","translation":"For I claim to be the only elder among them;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"οἶος 'alone/only' stresses Athena-as-Mentor's claimed unique seniority among the crew"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γεραίτερος","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"elder"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I claim"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b3-l363","source":"οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι φιλότητι νεώτεροι ἄνδρες ἕπονται,","translation":"the others are younger men who follow out of friendship,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἕπονται","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἕπονται","gloss":"out of friendship","note":"φιλότητι, dative of cause/manner explaining why the crew follows Telemachus"},{"surface":"νεώτεροι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"younger"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἕπονται","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b3-l364","source":"πάντες ὁμηλικίη μεγαθύμου Τηλεμάχοιο.","translation":"all of an age with great-hearted Telemachus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ὁμηλικίη","lemma":"ὁμηλικία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"of an age","note":"ὁμηλικίη predicate noun, 'of the same age-group as' Telemachus"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλεμάχοιο","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχοιο","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμηλικίη","gloss":"Telemachus"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b3-l365","source":"ἔνθα κε λεξαίμην κοίλῃ παρὰ νηὶ μελαίνῃ","translation":"There I would lie down beside the hollow black ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεξαίμην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal marker]"},{"surface":"λεξαίμην","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would lie down"},{"surface":"κοίλῃ","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b3-l366","source":"νῦν· ἀτὰρ ἠῶθεν μετὰ Καύκωνας μεγαθύμους","translation":"now; but at dawn I will go to the great-hearted Cauconians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λεξαίμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἠῶθεν","lemma":"ἠῶθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶμ᾽","gloss":"at dawn","note":"ἠῶθεν, temporal adverb 'from dawn' derived from ἠώς 'dawn'"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Καύκωνας","lemma":"Καύκωνες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"Cauconians","note":"a lesser-known people near Pylos, adding local color to Nestor/Athena's disguised itinerary"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμους","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Καύκωνας","gloss":"great-hearted"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b3-l367","source":"εἶμʼ ἔνθα χρεῖός μοι ὀφέλλεται, οὔ τι νέον γε","translation":"where a debt is owed me, no new one","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶμ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will go"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀφέλλεται","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"χρεῖός","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὀφέλλεται","gloss":"debt","note":"χρέος, a literal debt owed to Athena's assumed persona (Mentor, the disguise she wears from Book 2 onward), a realistic economic detail"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀφέλλεται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὀφέλλεται","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Καύκωνας","gloss":"is owed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δ᾽","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b3-l368","source":"οὐδʼ ὀλίγον. σὺ δὲ τοῦτον, ἐπεὶ τεὸν ἵκετο δῶμα,","translation":"nor a small one. But since this man has come to your house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δ᾽","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of πέμψον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of πέμψον","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b3-l369","source":"πέμψον σὺν δίφρῳ τε καὶ υἱέι· δὸς δέ οἱ ἵππους,","translation":"send him on with a chariot and a son; and give him horses,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψον","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"δίφρῳ","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱέι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"son","note":"i.e. Nestor's own son as escort/driver"},{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to him","note":"οἱ, unaccented enclitic dative of the 3rd-person pronoun ἕ, epic form"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b3-l370","source":"οἵ τοι ἐλαφρότατοι θείειν καὶ κάρτος ἄριστοι.","translation":"the ones that are lightest at running and best in strength.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ἐλαφρότατοι","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lightest"},{"surface":"θείειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἐλαφρότατοι","gloss":"at running","note":"θείειν, epic infinitive of purpose/respect with superlative ἐλαφρότατοι"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρτος","lemma":"κάρτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἄριστοι","gloss":"in strength","note":"κάρτος, accusative of respect, 'best with regard to strength'"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b3-l371","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασʼ ἀπέβη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","translation":"So speaking, gray-eyed Athena departed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασ᾽","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, so"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"having spoken","note":"aorist participle 'speaking' + main verb ἀπέβη: action prior to departure."},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed, went away"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"gray-eyed","note":"fixed Homeric epithet of Athena, always in this form before her name."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέβη","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b3-l372","source":"φήνῃ εἰδομένη· θάμβος δʼ ἕλε πάντας ἰδόντας.","translation":"in the likeness of a sea-eagle; and astonishment seized all who saw it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l372.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰδομένη","title":"Participle of likeness","body":"εἰδομένη is a middle participle from εἴδομαι, \"making oneself like,\" governing the dative φήνῃ (\"a sea-eagle\"). Homer often marks divine epiphany with such transformations."}],"words":[{"surface":"φήνῃ","lemma":"φήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδομένη","gloss":"sea-eagle","note":"φήνη is a rare bird word; Athena vanishes in a bird's shape, a common divine-epiphany motif."},{"surface":"εἰδομένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"appearing as, in likeness of"},{"surface":"θάμβος","lemma":"θάμβος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἕλε","gloss":"astonishment, wonder"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized, took hold of"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἰδόντας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἰδόντας","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"those who saw","note":"root aorist ἰδόντας 'having seen' from εἶδον, substantival participle = 'onlookers'."}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b3-l373","source":"θαύμαζεν δʼ ὁ γεραιός, ὅπως ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖς·","translation":"The old man marveled when he saw it with his eyes;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαύμαζεν","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled, was amazed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γεραιός","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γεραιός","lemma":"γεραιός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of θαύμαζεν","gloss":"old man","note":"γεραιός used substantivally, 'the old man' = Nestor."},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when, how"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"he saw"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖς","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"with his eyes"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b3-l374","source":"Τηλεμάχου δʼ ἕλε χεῖρα, ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"he took Telemachus by the hand, and spoke, and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l374.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν","title":"Speech-introduction formula","body":"This whole line is a fixed verse used to introduce direct address. Such repeated formulas let the singer build hexameters at performance speed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχου","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"Telemachus'","note":"genitive of the whole with χεῖρα: 'seized (of) Telemachus the hand' = grabbed his hand."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took, seized"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said, spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out, forth","note":"ἔκ...ὀνόμαζεν is a tmesis formula: 'called out by name', preposition split from its verb."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"named, called by name"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b3-l375","source":"ὦ φίλος, οὔ σε ἔολπα κακὸν καὶ ἄναλκιν\n                     ἔσεσθαι,","translation":"My friend, I do not think you will turn out a coward or a weakling,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend","note":"vocative φίλος with elided head noun (τέκνον/παῖ understood), a common address form."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔολπα","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I expect, believe","note":"perfect ἔολπα with present sense 'I am confident' — a stative perfect from ἔλπω."},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"cowardly, base"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄναλκιν","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weak, feeble"},{"surface":"ἔσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future infinitive","role":"object of ἔολπα","gloss":"will be, turn out"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b3-l376","source":"εἰ δή τοι νέῳ ὧδε θεοὶ πομπῆες ἕπονται.","translation":"if indeed, young as you are, the gods go with you as escorts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἕπονται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"νέῳ","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοι","gloss":"young","note":"νέῳ agrees with τοι, 'for you, young as you are' — dative of respect/concession."},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπονται","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕπονται","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"πομπῆες","lemma":"πομπεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as escorts, guides"},{"surface":"ἕπονται","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"attend, accompany"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b3-l377","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τις ὅδʼ ἄλλος Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἐχόντων,","translation":"For this was no other of those who hold the homes on Olympus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"someone, anyone"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"other, different"},{"surface":"Ὀλύμπια","lemma":"Ὀλύμπια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"Olympian","note":"Ὀλύμπια δώματα, a formulaic phrase for the gods' halls on Olympus."},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐχόντων","gloss":"homes, halls"},{"surface":"ἐχόντων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"holding, possessing"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b3-l378","source":"ἀλλὰ Διὸς θυγάτηρ, κυδίστη Τριτογένεια,","translation":"but the daughter of Zeus, most glorious Tritogeneia,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"κυδίστη","lemma":"κύδιστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τριτογένεια","gloss":"most glorious"},{"surface":"Τριτογένεια","lemma":"Τριτογένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Tritogeneia","note":"cult-title of Athena, meaning uncertain (perhaps 'born near Lake Tritonis' or 'true-born')."}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b3-l379","source":"ἥ τοι καὶ πατέρʼ ἐσθλὸν ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἐτίμα.","translation":"she who honored your noble father too among the Argives.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐτίμα","gloss":"she who"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also, too"},{"surface":"πατέρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτίμα","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐσθλὸν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατέρ᾽","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Ἀργείοισιν","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"ἐτίμα","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Τριτογένεια","gloss":"honored"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b3-l380","source":"ἀλλὰ ἄνασσʼ ἵληθι, δίδωθι δέ μοι κλέος ἐσθλόν,","translation":"But, queen, be gracious, and grant me noble fame,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l380.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"Kleos: glory in song","body":"kleos is the imperishable renown a hero wins by deeds, carried on in the bards' songs. Nestor asks the goddess to grant it to him and his family."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄνασσ","lemma":"ἄνασσα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"queen, mistress"},{"surface":"ἵληθι","lemma":"ἵλημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be gracious","note":"rare imperative ἵληθι from defective ἵλημι, a ritual prayer-verb 'be propitious'."},{"surface":"δίδωθι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant, give"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δίδωθι","gloss":"fame, glory"},{"surface":"ἐσθλόν","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b3-l381","source":"αὐτῷ καὶ παίδεσσι καὶ αἰδοίῃ παρακοίτι·","translation":"to myself and my children and my honored wife;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παίδεσσι","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοίῃ","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παρακοίτι","gloss":"honored, revered"},{"surface":"παρακοίτι","lemma":"παράκοιτις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b3-l382","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὖ ἐγὼ ῥέξω βοῦν ἦνιν εὐρυμέτωπον","translation":"and to you in turn I will sacrifice a yearling heifer, broad of brow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn, again"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ῥέξω","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will sacrifice"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"heifer, cow"},{"surface":"ἦνιν","lemma":"ἦνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"yearling"},{"surface":"εὐρυμέτωπον","lemma":"εὐρυμέτωπος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"broad-browed","note":"compound epithet εὐρυμέτωπος, standard formulaic description of cattle in Homer."}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b3-l383","source":"ἀδμήτην, ἣν οὔ πω ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ἀνήρ·","translation":"unbroken, one that no man has yet led under the yoke;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀδμήτην","lemma":"ἄδμητος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦν","gloss":"unbroken, untamed"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὕπὸ","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ἤγαγεν","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βοῦν","gloss":"led, brought"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγεν","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b3-l384","source":"τήν τοι ἐγὼ ῥέξω χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύας.","translation":"her I will sacrifice to you, having gilded her horns with gold.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"her","note":"τήν functions as demonstrative pronoun, Homeric use of the article as ὁ/ἡ/τό for 'this one'."},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ῥέξω","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will sacrifice"},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιχεύας","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"κέρασιν","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περιχεύας","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"περιχεύας","lemma":"περιχέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥέξω","gloss":"having gilded, overlaid","note":"περιχεύας 'pouring around' aorist participle, describing gold poured over the horns."}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b3-l385","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and Pallas Athena heard him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke, said"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"praying"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard, listened to"},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b3-l386","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ ἡγεμόνευε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ,","translation":"Then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, led the way for them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l386.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ","title":"\"Gerenian horseman Nestor\"","body":"Nestor's full formulaic title fills the verse-end repeatedly through Book 3. The epithet hippota preserves an old archaic nominative ending in -a."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευε","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian","note":"cult-epithet of Nestor, tied to the city Gerenia; always paired with ἱππότα 'horseman'."},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b3-l387","source":"υἱάσι καὶ γαμβροῖσιν, ἑὰ πρὸς δώματα καλά.","translation":"with his sons and his sons-in-law, to his beautiful house.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱάσι","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαμβροῖσιν","lemma":"γαμβρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sons-in-law"},{"surface":"ἑὰ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός, archaic 3rd-person possessive adjective 'his own', common in Homer."},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, toward"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"halls, house"},{"surface":"καλά","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b3-l388","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δώμαθʼ ἵκοντο ἀγακλυτὰ τοῖο ἄνακτος,","translation":"But when they reached the famous halls of that lord,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκοντο","gloss":"halls, house"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached, arrived at"},{"surface":"ἀγακλυτὰ","lemma":"ἀγακλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"very famous"},{"surface":"τοῖο","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἄνακτος","gloss":"that, the"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b3-l389","source":"ἑξείης ἕζοντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε·","translation":"they sat down in rows on the couches and chairs;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕζοντο","gloss":"in a row, in order"},{"surface":"ἕζοντο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on, upon"},{"surface":"κλισμούς","lemma":"κλισμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"couches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θρόνους","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"chairs, thrones"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b3-l390","source":"τοῖς δʼ ὁ γέρων ἐλθοῦσιν ἀνὰ κρητῆρα κέρασσεν","translation":"and to them, when they had come, the old man mixed a bowl","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέρασσεν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέρασσεν","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἐλθοῦσιν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"modifies τοῖς","gloss":"having come","note":"dative plural participle agreeing with τοῖς: 'for them, having come'."},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up, thoroughly","note":"tmesis: ἀνὰ...κέρασσεν = 'mixed up' a bowl of wine, preposition separated from verb."},{"surface":"κρητῆρα","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κέρασσεν","gloss":"mixing bowl"},{"surface":"κέρασσεν","lemma":"κεράννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b3-l391","source":"οἴνου ἡδυπότοιο, τὸν ἑνδεκάτῳ ἐνιαυτῷ","translation":"of sweet-to-drink wine, which in its eleventh year","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴνου","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κρητῆρα","gloss":"of wine"},{"surface":"ἡδυπότοιο","lemma":"ἡδύποτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνου","gloss":"sweet to drink"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὤιξεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἑνδεκάτῳ","lemma":"ἑνδέκατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐνιαυτῷ","gloss":"eleventh"},{"surface":"ἐνιαυτῷ","lemma":"ἐνιαυτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"year","note":"dative of time-when: 'in its eleventh year', marking the wine's long aging."}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b3-l392","source":"ὤιξεν ταμίη καὶ ἀπὸ κρήδεμνον ἔλυσε·","translation":"the housekeeper opened, loosing the cover from the jar;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤιξεν","lemma":"οἴγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"opened"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"housekeeper, steward"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"off, away","note":"tmesis: ἀπὸ...ἔλυσε = 'loosed off' the seal-cover, preposition split from verb."},{"surface":"κρήδεμνον","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλυσε","gloss":"seal, cover","note":"κρήδεμνον literally 'headband/veil', here the clay/cloth seal on a wine jar."},{"surface":"ἔλυσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"loosed, undid"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b3-l393","source":"τοῦ ὁ γέρων κρητῆρα κεράσσατο, πολλὰ δʼ Ἀθήνῃ","translation":"of this the old man mixed a bowl, and much to Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κρητῆρα","gloss":"of this","note":"partitive genitive τοῦ, 'of this (wine)', referring back to the wine (οἴνου) named in the previous line, not a jar."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κεράσσατο","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"κρητῆρα","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεράσσατο","gloss":"mixing bowl"},{"surface":"κεράσσατο","lemma":"κεράννυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mixed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὔχετ᾽","gloss":"much, greatly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to Athena"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b3-l394","source":"εὔχετʼ ἀποσπένδων, κούρῃ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.","translation":"he prayed, pouring libation, to the daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l394.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰγιόχοιο","title":"Aegis-bearing Zeus","body":"aigiochos, \"aegis-holding,\" is Zeus's standing epithet. The aegis is his fearsome storm-shield, also wielded by Athena."}],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"ἀποσπένδων","lemma":"ἀποσπένδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὔχετ᾽","gloss":"pouring libation"},{"surface":"κούρῃ","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to the daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρῃ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"standing epithet of Zeus, referring to his shield/aegis."}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b3-l395","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σπεῖσάν τʼ ἔπιον θʼ, ὅσον ἤθελε\n                  θυμός,","translation":"But when they had made libation and drunk as much as their hearts desired,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, then"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σπεῖσάν","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"poured libation"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπιον","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἔπιον","gloss":"wished, wanted"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"heart, spirit"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b3-l396","source":"οἱ μὲν κακκείοντες ἔβαν οἶκόνδε ἕκαστος,","translation":"they went off to lie down, each to his own home,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"κακκείοντες","lemma":"κατακείω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"about to lie down","note":"future participle κακκείοντες expressing purpose: 'went in order to sleep'."},{"surface":"ἔβαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went, departed"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβαν","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβαν","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b3-l397","source":"τὸν δʼ αὐτοῦ κοίμησε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ,","translation":"but Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, bedded him down there,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοίμησε","gloss":"there, on the spot"},{"surface":"κοίμησε","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put to bed, lodged"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman","note":"labeled 'dual' here, likely a treebank tagging slip — sense is singular, in apposition with Νέστωρ."},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b3-l398","source":"Τηλέμαχον, φίλον υἱὸν Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο,","translation":"Telemachus, the dear son of godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b3-l399","source":"τρητοῖς ἐν λεχέεσσιν ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ ἐριδούπῳ,","translation":"on a corded bedstead under the echoing portico,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρητοῖς","lemma":"τρητός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λεχέεσσιν","gloss":"corded, pierced"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λεχέεσσιν","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"bedsteads","note":"Epic dative plural in -εσσιν, a formulaic ending common in Homer."},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"αἰθούσῃ","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"portico"},{"surface":"ἐριδούπῳ","lemma":"ἐρίδουπος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰθούσῃ","gloss":"echoing","note":"ἐρίδουπος 'loud-echoing' is a stock epithet for porticoes/halls in Homer."}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b3-l400","source":"πὰρʼ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐυμμελίην Πεισίστρατον, ὄρχαμον ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"and beside him Peisistratos of the good ash spear, a leader of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐυμμελίην","lemma":"ἐυμμελίης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πεισίστρατον","gloss":"good-ash-spear","note":"Compound epithet 'of the good ash spear', a warrior-honoring formula."},{"surface":"Πεισίστρατον","lemma":"Πεισίστρατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Peisistratos"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμον","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμον","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b3-l401","source":"ὅς οἱ ἔτʼ ἠίθεος παίδων ἦν ἐν μεγάροισιν·","translation":"who alone of his sons was still unmarried in the halls.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἠίθεος","lemma":"ἠίθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unmarried","note":"ἠίθεος = unmarried young man, marking Peisistratos as the youngest, unwed son."},{"surface":"παίδων","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"of sons"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b3-l402","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτε καθεῦδε μυχῷ δόμου ὑψηλοῖο,","translation":"He himself slept in turn in an inner chamber of the high house,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"καθεῦδε","lemma":"καθεύδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"slept"},{"surface":"μυχῷ","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καθεῦδε","gloss":"in inner chamber"},{"surface":"δόμου","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μυχῷ","gloss":"of house"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖο","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμου","gloss":"high"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b3-l403","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄλοχος δέσποινα λέχος πόρσυνε καὶ εὐνήν.","translation":"and for him his wife, the lady of the house, prepared the bed and couch.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρσυνε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλοχος","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πόρσυνε","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"δέσποινα","lemma":"δέσποινα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄλοχος","gloss":"lady","note":"δέσποινα 'mistress of the house' honors the wife's domestic authority, not servitude."},{"surface":"λέχος","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"πόρσυνε","lemma":"πορσύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepared"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐνήν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"couch"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b3-l404","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l404.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς","title":"\"Rosy-fingered Dawn\"","body":"The most famous Homeric epithet-formula, marking daybreak and the start of a new scene. It recurs verbatim throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"ἠριγένεια 'early-born' pairs with 'rosy-fingered' as Homer's fixed dawn formula."},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς is the most famous Homeric epithet-noun pair, opening many days."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b3-l405","source":"ὤρνυτʼ ἄρʼ ἐξ εὐνῆφι Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ,","translation":"then Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, rose from his bed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤρνυτ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"εὐνῆφι","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"bed","note":"εὐνῆφι uses the old instrumental/ablatival -φι ending instead of a genitive."},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman","note":"ἱππότα, a masculine noun with feminine-looking -α ending, an epic vocative-style formula-word for Nestor."},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b3-l406","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἐλθὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίθοισιν,","translation":"and going out he sat down upon the polished stones","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετ᾽","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ξεστοῖσι","lemma":"ξεστός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθοισιν","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"λίθοισιν","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b3-l407","source":"οἵ οἱ ἔσαν προπάροιθε θυράων ὑψηλάων,","translation":"that stood for him before the lofty gates,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσαν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσαν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λίθοισιν","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of προπάροιθε","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"ὑψηλάων","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θυράων","gloss":"lofty"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b3-l408","source":"λευκοί, ἀποστίλβοντες ἀλείφατος· οἷς ἔπι μὲν πρὶν","translation":"white, gleaming as if with oil; on these in former days","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λευκοί","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἀποστίλβοντες","lemma":"ἀποστίλβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"gleaming"},{"surface":"ἀλείφατος","lemma":"ἄλειφαρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποστίλβοντες","gloss":"with oil"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"on these"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon","note":"ἔπι stands for ἐπί with tmesis/anastrophe, its accent shifted back since it follows its object."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵζεσκεν","gloss":"formerly"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b3-l409","source":"Νηλεὺς ἵζεσκεν, θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος·","translation":"Neleus used to sit, a counselor equal to the gods;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νηλεὺς","lemma":"Νηλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Neleus"},{"surface":"ἵζεσκεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to sit","note":"ἵζεσκεν has the iterative -σκ- suffix, marking a habitual past action."},{"surface":"θεόφιν","lemma":"θεόφιν","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀτάλαντος","gloss":"like the gods","note":"θεόφιν again shows the old instrumental -φιν ending, here used almost like a genitive of comparison."},{"surface":"μήστωρ","lemma":"μήστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"counselor"},{"surface":"ἀτάλαντος","lemma":"ἀτάλαντος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μήστωρ","gloss":"equal to"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b3-l410","source":"ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν ἤδη κηρὶ δαμεὶς Ἄϊδόσδε βεβήκει,","translation":"but he, already subdued by fate, had gone down to Hades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l410.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κηρὶ δαμείς","title":"Aorist passive participle","body":"δαμείς is an aorist passive participle, \"having been overcome,\" with κηρί (dative, \"by death-fate\") as the agent/means. A common Homeric way to say someone has died."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"κηρὶ","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δαμεὶς","gloss":"by fate"},{"surface":"δαμεὶς","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βεβήκει","gloss":"subdued"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδόσδε","lemma":"Ἀίδης","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βεβήκει","gloss":"to Hades","note":"Ἄϊδόσδε adds the directional suffix -δε 'toward/to' straight onto the proper name."},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone","note":"Pluperfect βεβήκει: 'had gone', marking his death as already completed before this scene."}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b3-l411","source":"Νέστωρ αὖ τότʼ ἐφῖζε Γερήνιος, οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν,","translation":"and now in turn Gerenian Nestor sat there, the guardian of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφῖζε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφῖζε","lemma":"ἐφίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"οὖρος","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"guardian"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὖρος","gloss":"of Achaeans"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b3-l412","source":"σκῆπτρον ἔχων. περὶ δʼ υἷες ἀολλέες ἠγερέθοντο","translation":"holding the scepter. And around him his sons gathered in a throng,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκῆπτρον","lemma":"σκῆπτρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"scepter"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφῖζε","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in a throng"},{"surface":"ἠγερέθοντο","lemma":"ἠγερέθομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b3-l413","source":"ἐκ θαλάμων ἐλθόντες, Ἐχέφρων τε Στρατίος τε","translation":"coming from their chambers: Echephron and Stratios,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θαλάμων","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"chambers"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠγερέθοντο","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"Ἐχέφρων","lemma":"Ἐχέφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Echephron"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Στρατίος","lemma":"Στρατίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Stratios"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b3-l414","source":"Περσεύς τʼ Ἄρητός τε καὶ ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης.","translation":"and Perseus and Aretos and godlike Thrasymedes.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Περσεύς","lemma":"Περσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Perseus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἄρητός","lemma":"Ἄρητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Aretos"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεος","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρασυμήδης","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Θρασυμήδης","lemma":"Θρασυμήδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Thrasymedes"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b3-l415","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἕκτος Πεισίστρατος ἤλυθεν ἥρως,","translation":"And to them then, sixth, came the hero Peisistratos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕκτος","lemma":"ἕκτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sixth"},{"surface":"Πεισίστρατος","lemma":"Πεισίστρατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"Peisistratos"},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἥρως","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πεισίστρατος","gloss":"hero"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b3-l416","source":"πὰρ δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχον θεοείκελον εἷσαν ἄγοντες.","translation":"and they led godlike Telemachus and seated him beside them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἷσαν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"θεοείκελον","lemma":"θεοείκελος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλέμαχον","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"εἷσαν","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seated"},{"surface":"ἄγοντες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷσαν","gloss":"leading","note":"εἷσαν here is aorist of ἵζω 'seat', not ἕζομαι; lemma tag reflects the treebank's merged headword."}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b3-l417","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"Among them Nestor, the Gerenian horseman, began to speak:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"of words"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began","note":"ἄρχω + genitive μύθων 'began of words' = 'began to speak', a common Homeric idiom."},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian"},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b3-l418","source":"καρπαλίμως μοι, τέκνα φίλα, κρηήνατʼ ἐέλδωρ,","translation":"Quickly, dear children, accomplish my heart's wish for me,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l418.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κρηήνατε","title":"Aorist imperative","body":"κρηήνατε is an aorist imperative (\"fulfill!\"), a direct command to the sons. The aorist gives the order a clean, do-it-now force."}],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κρηήνατ᾽","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κρηήνατ᾽","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"τέκνα","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative plural neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κρηήνατ","lemma":"κραίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"accomplish"},{"surface":"ἐέλδωρ","lemma":"ἔλδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κρηήνατ᾽","gloss":"wish","note":"ἐέλδωρ shows epic reduplication/augment-like lengthening of ἔλδωρ 'desire, wish'."}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b3-l419","source":"ὄφρʼ ἦ τοι πρώτιστα θεῶν ἱλάσσομʼ Ἀθήνην,","translation":"so that first of all the gods I may win the favor of Athena,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"πρώτιστα","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἱλάσσομ᾽","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πρώτιστα","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"ἱλάσσομ","lemma":"ἱλάσκομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"win favor of","note":"Future middle ἱλάσσομαι 'I shall propitiate/win over', with epic double -σσ-."},{"surface":"Ἀθήνην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱλάσσομ᾽","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b3-l420","source":"ἥ μοι ἐναργὴς ἦλθε θεοῦ ἐς δαῖτα θάλειαν.","translation":"who came to me visibly at the god's rich feast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l420.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐναργής","title":"Enargês: visible epiphany","body":"enargês means \"in plain sight, manifest.\" It marks a god appearing openly in bodily form, a rare and awe-inspiring event."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐναργὴς","lemma":"ἐναργής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"visibly","note":"ἐναργής 'in visible/manifest form' stresses the goddess appeared openly, not in disguise."},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀθήνην","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δαῖτα","gloss":"of god"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"θάλειαν","lemma":"θάλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δαῖτα","gloss":"rich"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b3-l421","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ὁ μὲν πεδίονδʼ ἐπὶ βοῦν, ἴτω, ὄφρα τάχιστα","translation":"But come, let one go to the plain after a heifer, so that quickly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴτω","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πεδίονδ","lemma":"πεδίονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἴτω","gloss":"to the plain","note":"πεδίονδε: directional -δε suffix 'to/toward the plain' attached right onto the noun."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"a heifer"},{"surface":"ἴτω","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let go","note":"3rd-person imperative ἴτω 'let him go', common in Homeric commands."},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔλθῃσιν","gloss":"quickly"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b3-l422","source":"ἔλθῃσιν, ἐλάσῃ δὲ βοῶν ἐπιβουκόλος ἀνήρ·","translation":"it may come, and the herdsman of the cattle drive it in;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔλθῃσιν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"it may come"},{"surface":"ἐλάσῃ","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"may drive"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῶν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἐπιβουκόλος","gloss":"of cattle"},{"surface":"ἐπιβουκόλος","lemma":"ἐπιβουκόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"herdsman"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλάσῃ","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b3-l423","source":"εἷς δʼ ἐπὶ Τηλεμάχου μεγαθύμου νῆα μέλαιναν","translation":"and let one go to the black ship of great-hearted Telemachus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγέτω","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχου","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"μεγαθύμου","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλεμάχου","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b3-l424","source":"πάντας ἰὼν ἑτάρους ἀγέτω, λιπέτω δὲ δύʼ οἴους·","translation":"and bring all his comrades, leaving only two behind;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγέτω","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγέτω","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"ἀγέτω","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let bring"},{"surface":"λιπέτω","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let leave"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δύ","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of λιπέτω","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"οἴους","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δύ᾽","gloss":"only"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b3-l425","source":"εἷς δʼ αὖ χρυσοχόον Λαέρκεα δεῦρο κελέσθω","translation":"and let one bid the goldsmith Laerces come","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἷς","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελέσθω","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"χρυσοχόον","lemma":"χρυσοχόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Λαέρκεα","gloss":"goldsmith"},{"surface":"Λαέρκεα","lemma":"Λαέρκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κελέσθω","gloss":"Laerces"},{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθεῖν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κελέσθω","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let bid","note":"3rd-person imperative κελέσθω 'let him bid', part of Nestor's cluster of commands."}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b3-l426","source":"ἐλθεῖν, ὄφρα βοὸς χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύῃ.","translation":"here, to pour gold over the heifer's horns.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθεῖν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of κελέσθω","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular noun","role":"modifies κέρασιν","gloss":"of heifer"},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιχεύῃ","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"κέρασιν","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περιχεύῃ","gloss":"on horns"},{"surface":"περιχεύῃ","lemma":"περιχέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"pour over","note":"Gilding the sacrificial heifer's horns was a mark of an especially honored offering."}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b3-l427","source":"οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι μένετʼ αὐτοῦ ἀολλέες, εἴπατε δʼ εἴσω","translation":"The rest of you stay here together, and tell those within,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the (others)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of μένετ᾽","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"μένετ","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay","note":"present imperative μένετ᾽: 'keep staying' vs aorist εἴπατε 'go tell' — aspect contrast in one line"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένετ᾽","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἀολλέες","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all together"},{"surface":"εἴπατε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell","note":"aorist imperative: a single decisive act of telling, contrasted with ongoing μένετ᾽"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies δμῳῇσιν","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b3-l428","source":"δμῳῇσιν κατὰ δώματʼ ἀγακλυτὰ δαῖτα πένεσθαι,","translation":"the maidservants, to make ready a feast throughout the famous halls,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δμῳῇσιν","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of πένεσθαι","gloss":"the maidservants"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἀγακλυτὰ","lemma":"ἀγακλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"far-famed"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πένεσθαι","gloss":"a feast"},{"surface":"πένεσθαι","lemma":"πένομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to prepare","note":"πένεσθαι 'to busy oneself with/prepare' — epic verb for domestic labor"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b3-l429","source":"ἕδρας τε ξύλα τʼ ἀμφὶ καὶ ἀγλαὸν οἰσέμεν ὕδωρ.","translation":"and to bring seats and wood around about, and clear water.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἕδρας","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"seats"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἰσέμεν","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ξύλα","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"bright, clear"},{"surface":"οἰσέμεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to bring","note":"future infinitive οἰσέμεν (from φέρω) — epic future infinitive in -μεν, expressing purpose"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b3-l430","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐποίπνυον. ἦλθε μὲν ἂρ\n                  βοῦς","translation":"So he spoke, and they all bustled to it. The heifer came","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἔφαθ᾽ (φημί) formulaic line-opener closing a speech, ubiquitous in Homer"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐποίπνυον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐποίπνυον","lemma":"ποιπνύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bustled about","note":"ποιπνύω, a vivid reduplicated epic verb for eager, busy activity"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"the heifer"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b3-l431","source":"ἐκ πεδίου, ἦλθον δὲ θοῆς παρὰ νηὸς ἐίσης","translation":"from the plain, and from the swift, balanced ship came","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πεδίου","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θοῆς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beside"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"ἐίσης","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"balanced, trim","note":"ἔισος/ἴσος 'well-balanced' — stock epithet for a well-built ship"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b3-l432","source":"Τηλεμάχου ἕταροι μεγαλήτορος, ἦλθε δὲ χαλκεὺς","translation":"the comrades of great-hearted Telemachus, and the smith came","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλεμάχου","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"of Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθον","gloss":"the comrades"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τηλεμάχου","gloss":"great-hearted","note":"μεγαλήτωρ, a formulaic heroic epithet regularly paired with names like Telemachus"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαλκεὺς","lemma":"χαλκεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"the smith"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b3-l433","source":"ὅπλʼ ἐν χερσὶν ἔχων χαλκήια, πείρατα τέχνης,","translation":"holding in his hands the tools of bronze, the gear of his craft,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅπλ","lemma":"ὅπλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"tools"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"χαλκήια","lemma":"χάλκειος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὅπλ᾽","gloss":"of bronze"},{"surface":"πείρατα","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"gear, means","note":"πεῖραρ literally 'ends/bounds'; here idiomatically 'the means/gear' of a craft"},{"surface":"τέχνης","lemma":"τέχνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πείρατα","gloss":"of his craft"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b3-l434","source":"ἄκμονά τε σφῦραν τʼ ἐυποίητόν τε πυράγρην,","translation":"the anvil and the hammer and the well-made tongs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκμονά","lemma":"ἄκμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"an anvil"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφῦραν","lemma":"σφῦρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"a hammer"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐυποίητόν","lemma":"εὐποίητος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πυράγρην","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πυράγρην","lemma":"πυράγρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tongs"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b3-l435","source":"οἷσίν τε χρυσὸν εἰργάζετο· ἦλθε δʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"with which he worked the gold; and Athena came","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷσίν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰργάξετο","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰργάξετο","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came","note":"anaphoric ἦλθε repeated across lines 430-435, a rhetorical build-up naming each arrival in turn"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b3-l436","source":"ἱρῶν ἀντιόωσα. γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Νέστωρ","translation":"to meet the offerings. And the old horseman Nestor","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱρῶν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀντιόωσα","gloss":"the offerings"},{"surface":"ἀντιόωσα","lemma":"ἀντιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"to receive/meet"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱππηλάτα","lemma":"ἱππηλάτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman","note":"ἱππηλάτα, a masculine noun with feminine-looking -α ending — an epic formula-word for Nestor"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωχ᾽","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b3-l437","source":"χρυσὸν ἔδωχʼ· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα βοὸς κέρασιν περίχευεν","translation":"gave the gold; and the smith then poured it round the heifer's horns,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσὸν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδωχ᾽","gloss":"the gold"},{"surface":"ἔδωχ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of περίχευεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περίχευεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular noun","role":"modifies κέρασιν","gloss":"of the heifer"},{"surface":"κέρασιν","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περίχευεν","gloss":"on the horns"},{"surface":"περίχευεν","lemma":"περιχέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured around","note":"περίχευεν describes gilding the horns with gold, a ritual detail of honoring a sacrificial victim"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b3-l438","source":"ἀσκήσας, ἵνʼ ἄγαλμα θεὰ κεχάροιτο ἰδοῦσα.","translation":"working it with care, that the goddess might delight to see the adornment.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l438.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κεχάροιτο","title":"Perfect-stem optative of purpose","body":"κεχάροιτο is a reduplicated (perfect-stem) optative in a purpose clause, \"so that she might rejoice.\" The optative is regular in such clauses after a past main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσκήσας","lemma":"ἀσκέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to περίχευεν","gloss":"working with skill"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἄγαλμα","lemma":"ἄγαλμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδοῦσα","gloss":"the adornment"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κεχάροιτο","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"κεχάροιτο","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"might delight","note":"aorist optative κεχάροιτο in a purpose clause with ἵνα — wish/purpose expressed by the optative mood"},{"surface":"ἰδοῦσα","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κεχάροιτο","gloss":"seeing"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b3-l439","source":"βοῦν δʼ ἀγέτην κεράων Στρατίος καὶ δῖος Ἐχέφρων.","translation":"Stratios and godlike Echephron led the heifer by the horns.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγέτην","gloss":"the heifer"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγέτην","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led","note":"ἀγέτην is a dual verb form — marking exactly two subjects (Stratios and Echephron) leading together"},{"surface":"κεράων","lemma":"κέρας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγέτην","gloss":"by the horns"},{"surface":"Στρατίος","lemma":"Στρατίος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Stratios"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἐχέφρων","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Ἐχέφρων","lemma":"Ἐχέφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Echephron"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b3-l440","source":"χέρνιβα δέ σφʼ Ἄρητος ἐν ἀνθεμόεντι λέβητι","translation":"Aretos came from the chamber bringing them washing-water in a flowered basin,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χέρνιβα","lemma":"χέρνιψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"washing-water"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"Ἄρητος","lemma":"Ἄρητος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"Aretos"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀνθεμόεντι","lemma":"ἀνθεμόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέβητι","gloss":"flowered","note":"ἀνθεμόεις 'flowered/decorated' — a decorative epithet for the ritual basin"},{"surface":"λέβητι","lemma":"λέβης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"a basin"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b3-l441","source":"ἤλυθεν ἐκ θαλάμοιο φέρων, ἑτέρῃ δʼ ἔχεν οὐλὰς","translation":"came from the chamber bringing it, and in his other hand he held the barley","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θαλάμοιο","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the chamber"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθεν","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"ἑτέρῃ","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"in the other (hand)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"οὐλὰς","lemma":"οὐλαί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"barley grains"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b3-l442","source":"ἐν κανέῳ πέλεκυν δὲ μενεπτόλεμος Θρασυμήδης","translation":"in a basket; and Thrasymedes, steadfast in battle,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κανέῳ","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"a basket"},{"surface":"πέλεκυν","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"an axe"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μενεπτόλεμος","lemma":"μενεπτόλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρασυμήδης","gloss":"steadfast in battle","note":"μενεπτόλεμος, a compound heroic epithet ('battle-abiding') marking Thrasymedes as a warrior"},{"surface":"Θρασυμήδης","lemma":"Θρασυμήδης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of παρίστατο","gloss":"Thrasymedes"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b3-l443","source":"ὀξὺν ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παρίστατο βοῦν ἐπικόψων.","translation":"stood ready, holding a sharp axe in his hand, to strike down the ox.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέλεκυν","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρίστατο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χειρὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"παρίστατο","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood near"},{"surface":"βοῦν","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπικόψων","gloss":"the ox"},{"surface":"ἐπικόψων","lemma":"ἐπικόπτω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to παρίστατο","gloss":"about to strike","note":"future participle ἐπικόψων expresses purpose/intent, 'in order to strike down'"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b3-l444","source":"Περσεὺς δʼ ἀμνίον εἶχε· γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Νέστωρ","translation":"And Perseus held the bowl for the blood; and the old horseman Nestor","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Περσεὺς","lemma":"Περσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶχε","gloss":"Perseus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμνίον","lemma":"ἀμνίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἶχε","gloss":"the blood-bowl"},{"surface":"εἶχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"the old man"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱππηλάτα","lemma":"ἱππηλάτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Νέστωρ","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b3-l445","source":"χέρνιβά τʼ οὐλοχύτας τε κατήρχετο, πολλὰ δʼ Ἀθήνῃ","translation":"began the rite with the lustral water and the barley, and to Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l445.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐλοχύτας","title":"Sacrificial barley","body":"Whole barley grains scattered on the victim and altar at the start of a sacrifice. \"Lustral water\" (χέρνιψ) is the purifying water sprinkled beforehand."}],"words":[{"surface":"χέρνιβά","lemma":"χέρνιψ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"washing-water"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐλοχύτας","lemma":"οὐλοχύται","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"barley grains"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατήρχετο","lemma":"κατάρχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began the rite","note":"κατήρχετο: the ritual first-act of sprinkling water/barley that opens Greek sacrifice"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εὔχετ᾽","gloss":"much, fervently"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εὔχετ᾽","gloss":"to Athena"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b3-l446","source":"εὔχετʼ ἀπαρχόμενος, κεφαλῆς τρίχας ἐν πυρὶ βάλλων.","translation":"he prayed earnestly, making the first offering, casting hairs from the ox's head into the fire.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"ἀπαρχόμενος","lemma":"ἀπάρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"making first-offering"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τρίχας","gloss":"of its head"},{"surface":"τρίχας","lemma":"θρίξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βάλλων","gloss":"hairs","note":"cutting hairs from the victim's head to burn is a standard sacrificial gesture in Homer"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the fire"},{"surface":"βάλλων","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"casting"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b3-l447","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ εὔξαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο,","translation":"But when they had prayed and scattered the barley grains forward,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὔξαντο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"they had prayed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐλοχύτας","lemma":"οὐλοχύται","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of προβάλοντο","gloss":"barley grains"},{"surface":"προβάλοντο","lemma":"προβάλλω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"scattered forward","note":"προβάλοντο, the ritual casting of grain toward/onto the victim before the killing blow"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b3-l448","source":"αὐτίκα Νέστορος υἱὸς ὑπέρθυμος Θρασυμήδης","translation":"at once Nestor's son, high-spirited Thrasymedes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλασεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Nestor"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the son"},{"surface":"ὑπέρθυμος","lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Θρασυμήδης","gloss":"high-spirited"},{"surface":"Θρασυμήδης","lemma":"Θρασυμήδης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Thrasymedes"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b3-l449","source":"ἤλασεν ἄγχι στάς· πέλεκυς δʼ ἀπέκοψε τένοντας","translation":"standing close, struck; and the axe cut through the tendons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l449.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἤλασεν","title":"Aorist of the blow","body":"ἤλασεν is aorist, marking the single decisive stroke. Homer favors the aorist for sharp, completed actions in narrative."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στάς","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"στάς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤλασεν","gloss":"standing","note":"aorist participle στάς ('having taken his stand') vividly frames the blow as sudden and decisive"},{"surface":"πέλεκυς","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the axe"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπέκοψε","lemma":"ἀποκόπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut through"},{"surface":"τένοντας","lemma":"τένων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπέκοψε","gloss":"the tendons"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b3-l450","source":"αὐχενίους, λῦσεν δὲ βοὸς μένος. αἱ δʼ ὀλόλυξαν","translation":"of the neck, and loosed the ox's strength. And the women raised the sacred cry —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l450.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀλόλυξαν","title":"The ritual cry","body":"ὀλολυγή is the women's high ululation raised at the moment of sacrifice, a customary part of the rite."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐχενίους","lemma":"αὐχένιος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τένοντας","gloss":"of the neck"},{"surface":"λῦσεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοὸς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"genitive singular noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of the ox"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λῦσεν","gloss":"strength, life"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the women"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀλόλυξαν","lemma":"ὀλολύζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised the ritual cry","note":"ὀλολύζω: the women's ololyge, a ritual shriek of women marking the moment of sacrificial death"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b3-l451","source":"θυγατέρες τε νυοί τε καὶ αἰδοίη παράκοιτις","translation":"the daughters and the daughters-in-law and the honored wife","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυγατέρες","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the daughters"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νυοί","lemma":"νυός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the daughters-in-law"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοίη","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παράκοιτις","gloss":"revered","note":"αἰδοίη 'worthy of reverence/respect' — a formal epithet for a wife of standing"},{"surface":"παράκοιτις","lemma":"παράκοιτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the wife"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b3-l452","source":"Νέστορος, Εὐρυδίκη, πρέσβα Κλυμένοιο θυγατρῶν.","translation":"of Nestor, Eurydice, eldest of the daughters of Clymenus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παράκοιτις","gloss":"Nestor's"},{"surface":"Εὐρυδίκη","lemma":"Εὐρυδίκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Eurydice"},{"surface":"πρέσβα","lemma":"πρέσβα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"eldest"},{"surface":"Κλυμένοιο","lemma":"Κλύμενος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγατρῶν","gloss":"of Clymenus"},{"surface":"θυγατρῶν","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies πρέσβα","gloss":"the daughters"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b3-l453","source":"οἱ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀνελόντες ἀπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης","translation":"Then they, lifting the ox up from the wide-wayed earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσχον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσχον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀνελόντες","lemma":"ἀναιρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσχον","gloss":"lifting up"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χθονὸς","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"εὐρυοδείης","lemma":"εὐρυόδεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χθονὸς","gloss":"wide-wayed","note":"εὐρυόδεια 'with wide ways/roads', a stock formulaic epithet of the earth"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b3-l454","source":"ἔσχον· ἀτὰρ σφάξεν Πεισίστρατος, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"held it; and Pisistratus, leader of men, cut its throat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held it up"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but, and"},{"surface":"σφάξεν","lemma":"σφάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut its throat"},{"surface":"Πεισίστρατος","lemma":"Πεισίστρατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Pisistratus"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμος","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"leader","note":"ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν 'leader of men' — formulaic epic epithet marking heroic status"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b3-l455","source":"τῆς δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ μέλαν αἷμα ῥύη, λίπε δʼ ὀστέα θυμός,","translation":"And when the dark blood had flowed from it and life left the bones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"from it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out","note":"ἐκ...ῥύη is tmesis: preposition split from the verb ἐρρύη, common epic word order."},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἷμα","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥύη","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ῥύη","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"had flowed"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"the bones"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λίπε","gloss":"life","note":"θυμός here means the vital spirit/breath of life, not 'anger' as in later Greek."}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b3-l456","source":"αἶψʼ ἄρα μιν διέχευαν, ἄφαρ δʼ ἐκ μηρία τάμνον","translation":"at once they cut it up, and straightway sliced out the thigh-pieces,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διέχευαν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of διέχευαν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"διέχευαν","lemma":"διαχέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut up","note":"διαχέω 'pour apart' used concretely of dismembering the sacrificial animal."},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάμνον","gloss":"straightway"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"μηρία","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τάμνον","gloss":"thigh-pieces"},{"surface":"τάμνον","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sliced","note":"τάμνον is imperfect (unaugmented epic form of ἔτεμνον), stressing the ongoing ritual action."}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b3-l457","source":"πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν","translation":"all in due order, and wrapped them in fat,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l457.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ μοῖραν","title":"In due order","body":"κατὰ μοῖραν, \"according to one's portion/measure,\" is a formula meaning properly, fittingly, as is right."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μηρία","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"due order","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν 'according to portion/fate' is a formula for doing sacrifice properly."},{"surface":"κατά","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνίσῃ","lemma":"κνῖσα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκάλυψαν","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"ἐκάλυψαν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wrapped"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b3-l458","source":"δίπτυχα ποιήσαντες, ἐπʼ αὐτῶν δʼ ὠμοθέτησαν.","translation":"having made a double fold, and laid raw flesh upon them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίπτυχα","lemma":"δίπτυχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ποιήσαντες","gloss":"double fold","note":"δίπτυχα: the caul fat folded twice over the thigh-bones, standard Homeric sacrifice detail."},{"surface":"ποιήσαντες","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκάλυψαν","gloss":"having made"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠμοθέτησαν","lemma":"ὠμοθετέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid raw flesh","note":"ὠμοθετέω, a rare technical ritual verb meaning to lay raw bits of meat on the burnt thigh-pieces."}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b3-l459","source":"καῖε δʼ ἐπὶ σχίζῃς ὁ γέρων, ἐπὶ δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον","translation":"And the old man burned them on the split wood, and over them poured gleaming wine;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l459.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἴθοπα οἶνον","title":"Gleaming wine","body":"αἶθοψ, \"fiery, sparkling,\" is a recurring epithet for wine, evoking its bright, dark glint."}],"words":[{"surface":"καῖε","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"σχίζῃς","lemma":"σχίζα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"split wood"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καῖε","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming","note":"αἴθοψ 'fire-bright' is a stock Homeric epithet for wine, evoking its glint in firelight."},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῖβε","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b3-l460","source":"λεῖβε· νέοι δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἔχον πεμπώβολα χερσίν.","translation":"and beside him the young men held five-pronged forks in their hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεῖβε","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔχον","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to παρ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"πεμπώβολα","lemma":"πεμπώβολον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"five-pronged forks","note":"πεμπώβολα, a compound noun (five + spit) naming the ritual tool used to handle sacrificial meat."},{"surface":"χερσίν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"in hands"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b3-l461","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρʼ ἐκάη καὶ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο,","translation":"But when the thigh-pieces were burned and they had tasted the inner parts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"μῆρ","lemma":"μῆρα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐκάη","gloss":"thigh-pieces"},{"surface":"ἐκάη","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"were burned","note":"ἐκάη is aorist passive of καίω with the older -η- ending, common in epic passives."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπλάγχνα","lemma":"σπλάγχνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσαντο","gloss":"inner parts"},{"surface":"πάσαντο","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"tasted","note":"πάσαντο from πατέομαι 'taste, partake of'; ritual tasting of entrails before the main meal."}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b3-l462","source":"μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν,","translation":"they cut up the rest and pierced it on spits,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μίστυλλόν","lemma":"μιστύλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut up"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τἆλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μίστυλλόν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὀβελοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀβελός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"spits"},{"surface":"ἔπειραν","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b3-l463","source":"ὤπτων δʼ ἀκροπόρους ὀβελοὺς ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες.","translation":"and roasted it, holding the pointed spits in their hands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤπτων","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roasted"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκροπόρους","lemma":"ἀκροπόρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀβελοὺς","gloss":"pointed","note":"ἀκροπόρους 'sharp at the tip', a rare compound adjective describing the spits."},{"surface":"ὀβελοὺς","lemma":"ὀβελός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"spits"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤπτων","gloss":"holding"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b3-l464","source":"τόφρα δὲ Τηλέμαχον λοῦσεν καλὴ Πολυκάστη,","translation":"Meanwhile fair Polycaste bathed Telemachus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λοῦσεν","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λοῦσεν","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"λοῦσεν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bathed"},{"surface":"καλὴ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πολυκάστη","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"Πολυκάστη","lemma":"Πολυκάστη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Polycaste","note":"Polycaste, Nestor's youngest daughter, performs the guest-bath, a standard Homeric hospitality scene."}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b3-l465","source":"Νέστορος ὁπλοτάτη θυγάτηρ Νηληϊάδαο.","translation":"the youngest daughter of Nestor, son of Neleus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νέστορος","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Nestor"},{"surface":"ὁπλοτάτη","lemma":"ὁπλότατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"youngest"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b3-l466","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ λοῦσέν τε καὶ ἔχρισεν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ,","translation":"And when she had bathed him and anointed him richly with oil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"λοῦσέν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"bathed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχρισεν","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"anointed"},{"surface":"λίπ","lemma":"λίπα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχρισεν","gloss":"richly","note":"λίπα 'richly/abundantly', an adverb formed from the noun for fat/oil."},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχρισεν","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b3-l467","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ μιν φᾶρος καλὸν βάλεν ἠδὲ χιτῶνα,","translation":"and cast about him a fine cloak and a tunic,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"βάλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"cast"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b3-l468","source":"ἔκ ῥʼ ἀσαμίνθου βῆ δέμας ἀθανάτοισιν ὁμοῖος·","translation":"he stepped out of the bath, in form like the immortals;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l468.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀθανάτοισιν ὁμοῖος","title":"Dative with ὁμοῖος","body":"ὁμοῖος, \"like,\" takes the dative: ἀθανάτοισιν, \"like to the immortals.\" The -οισιν ending is the Homeric dative plural."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀσαμίνθου","lemma":"ἀσάμινθος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"the bath"},{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμοῖος","gloss":"in form","note":"δέμας used adverbially (accusative of respect) 'in body/form', a common Homeric construction."},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὁμοῖος","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖος","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b3-l469","source":"πὰρ δʼ ὅ γε Νέστορʼ ἰὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο, ποιμένα λαῶν.","translation":"and going he sat down beside Nestor, shepherd of the people.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l469.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ποιμένα λαῶν","title":"Shepherd of the people","body":"A standard Homeric epithet for a king or leader, casting the ruler as herdsman of his folk."}],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Νέστορ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Nestor"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕζετο","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζετο","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"ποιμένα","lemma":"ποιμήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"shepherd","note":"ποιμένα λαῶν 'shepherd of the people' is a stock Homeric epithet for kings/leaders."},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ποιμένα","gloss":"of the people"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b3-l470","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤπτησαν κρέʼ ὑπέρτερα καὶ ἐρύσαντο,","translation":"And when they had roasted the outer flesh and drawn it off the spits,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δαίνυνθ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὤπτησαν","lemma":"ὀπτάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"roasted"},{"surface":"κρέ","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὤπτησαν","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"ὑπέρτερα","lemma":"ὑπέρτερος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέ᾽","gloss":"outer"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"drawn off","note":"ἐρύσαντο 'drew off (the spits)', mediopassive stressing the men acting for themselves."}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b3-l471","source":"δαίνυνθʼ ἑζόμενοι· ἐπὶ δʼ ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὄροντο","translation":"they sat and feasted; and noble men attended,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαίνυνθ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feasted"},{"surface":"ἑζόμενοι","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δαίνυνθ᾽","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄροντο","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ὄροντο","lemma":"ὄρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"attended","note":"ὄρομαι 'watch over, attend to'; here the young men serve as cupbearers."}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b3-l472","source":"οἶνον οἰνοχοεῦντες ἐνὶ χρυσέοις δεπάεσσιν.","translation":"pouring wine into golden cups.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οἰνοχοεῦντες","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"οἰνοχοεῦντες","lemma":"οἰνοχοέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄροντο","gloss":"pouring","note":"οἰνοχοέω 'pour wine', root of the noun οἰνοχόος 'wine-pourer/cupbearer'."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χρυσέοις","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δεπάεσσιν","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"δεπάεσσιν","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"cups"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b3-l473","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put from them the desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l473.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"Set aside desire","body":"A formulaic line closing a meal: literally \"they sent forth from themselves the desire\" for food and drink, i.e. they had eaten their fill."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"put away","note":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, tmesis for ἐξίημι + ἔρον 'sent desire out of themselves' = satisfied their craving; formulaic feast-ending line."}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b3-l474","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·","translation":"the Gerenian horseman Nestor began to speak among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l474.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ","title":"Gerenian horseman Nestor","body":"Nestor's fixed epithet phrase. \"Gerenian\" likely ties him to a place called Gerena/Gerenia; \"horseman\" marks his Pylian, horse-rich heritage."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"Γερήνιος","lemma":"Γερήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἱππότα","gloss":"Gerenian","note":"Γερήνιος, a recurring cult-epithet of Nestor tied to the town Gerenia, always paired with ἱππότα."},{"surface":"ἱππότα","lemma":"ἱππότης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"horseman"},{"surface":"Νέστωρ","lemma":"Νέστωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Nestor"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b3-l475","source":"παῖδες ἐμοί, ἄγε Τηλεμάχῳ καλλίτριχας ἵππους","translation":"\"My children, come now, for Telemachus yoke the fair-maned horses","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παίς","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"Τηλεμάχῳ","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ζεύξαθ᾽","gloss":"for Telemachus"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fair-maned","note":"καλλίθριξ 'beautiful-haired', a compound epithet applied to horses in epic diction."},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ζεύξαθ᾽","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b3-l476","source":"ζεύξαθʼ ὑφʼ ἅρματʼ ἄγοντες, ἵνα πρήσσῃσιν ὁδοῖο.","translation":"beneath the chariot, leading them, so that he may make his journey.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l476.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἵνα πρήσσῃσιν","title":"Purpose clause","body":"ἵνα with the subjunctive πρήσσῃσιν expresses purpose: \"so that he may accomplish (his way).\" The -ῃσι(ν) is a Homeric third-person subjunctive ending."}],"words":[{"surface":"ζεύξαθ","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yoke"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἅρματ","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑφ᾽","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ἄγοντες","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ζεύξαθ᾽","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"πρήσσῃσιν","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may make","note":"πρήσσω ὁδοῖο 'accomplish of the road' = make good progress on the journey, idiomatic genitive."},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πρήσσῃσιν","gloss":"the journey"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b3-l477","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδʼ\n                  ἐπίθοντο,","translation":"So he spoke, and they heard him well and obeyed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κλύον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλύον","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed","note":"κλύον...ἐπίθοντο pairs 'heard' and 'obeyed', a common formulaic doublet for instant compliance."}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b3-l478","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἔζευξαν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους.","translation":"and swiftly yoked the fast horses beneath the chariot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔζευξαν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔζευξαν","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"yoked"},{"surface":"ὑφ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἅρμασιν","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑφ᾽","gloss":"chariot"},{"surface":"ὠκέας","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔζευξαν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b3-l479","source":"ἐν δὲ γυνὴ ταμίη σῖτον καὶ οἶνον ἔθηκεν","translation":"And the housekeeper woman set in it bread and wine","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"woman"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γυνὴ","gloss":"housekeeper","note":"ταμίη 'stewardess/housekeeper', the female official in charge of household stores."},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b3-l480","source":"ὄψα τε, οἷα ἔδουσι διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες.","translation":"and dainties, such as kings nurtured by Zeus eat.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l480.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες","title":"Kings nurtured by Zeus","body":"διοτρεφής, \"Zeus-nourished,\" is a standing epithet for kings, marking their rule as god-given."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄψα","lemma":"ὄψον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"dainties"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἷα","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδουσι","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ἔδουσι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὄψα","gloss":"eat"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέες","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"nurtured by Zeus","note":"διοτρεφής 'fostered by Zeus', a standard honorific epithet for kings, marking their divine-sanctioned rank."},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδουσι","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b3-l481","source":"ἂν δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχος περικαλλέα βήσετο δίφρον·","translation":"Then Telemachus mounted the beautiful chariot;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Τηλέμαχος","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βήσετο","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δίφρον","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"βήσετο","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted","note":"ἂν...βήσετο, tmesis of ἀναβαίνω 'mount up onto', preposition separated from verb across the line."},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βήσετο","gloss":"chariot"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b3-l482","source":"πὰρ δʼ ἄρα Νεστορίδης Πεισίστρατος, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"and beside him Nestor's son Pisistratus, leader of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Νεστορίδης","lemma":"Νεστορίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πεισίστρατος","gloss":"son of Nestor","note":"Νεστορίδης, patronymic naming Pisistratus as Nestor's son, standard epic identification by lineage."},{"surface":"Πεισίστρατος","lemma":"Πεισίστρατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Pisistratus"},{"surface":"ὄρχαμος","lemma":"ὄρχαμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"leader"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρχαμος","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b3-l483","source":"ἐς δίφρον τʼ ἀνέβαινε καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσί,","translation":"climbed into the chariot and took the reins in his hands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"δίφρον","lemma":"δίφρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνέβαινε","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"climbed up","note":"ἀνα- 'up' + βαίνω 'go/step' — the prefix marks mounting the chariot."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡνία","lemma":"ἡνία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λάζετο","gloss":"the reins"},{"surface":"λάζετο","lemma":"λάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took","note":"λάζομαι, epic/poetic verb 'grasp, seize' — a Homeric alternative to λαμβάνω."},{"surface":"χερσί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of λάζετο","gloss":"in his hands"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b3-l484","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην","translation":"and whipped the horses to go; and not unwilling the pair flew on","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l484.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην","title":"The dual of the horse-pair","body":"τώ, ἀέκοντε, and πετέσθην are all dual forms for the two horses. Homer uses the dual naturally for natural pairs like a yoked team."}],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιξεν","lemma":"μαστίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he whipped","note":"μαστίζω 'whip, goad'; picks up the chariot scene, cracking the horses into motion."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλάαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μάστιξεν","gloss":"to drive them"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the two","note":"dual number τὼ 'the two (of them)' — Homeric Greek still uses the dual for a pair of horses."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντε","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling","note":"dual adjective agreeing with τὼ — 'the two, not unwilling,' a litotes for eager."},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew","note":"dual verb πετέσθην 'the two flew' — dual subject, dual verb ending -σθην."}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b3-l485","source":"ἐς πεδίον, λιπέτην δὲ Πύλου αἰπὺ πτολίεθρον.","translation":"to the plain, and left behind the steep citadel of Pylos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"λιπέτην","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they left behind","note":"dual verb λιπέτην 'the two left' — same dual pair of horses continuing from τὼ ... πετέσθην, not the human riders (Peisistratus's own actions are marked with singular verbs, e.g. ἀνέβαινε, μάστιξεν)."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πύλου","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"of Pylos"},{"surface":"αἰπὺ","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"steep"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λιπέτην","gloss":"citadel"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b3-l486","source":"οἱ δὲ πανημέριοι σεῖον ζυγὸν ἀμφὶς ἔχοντες.","translation":"And all day long they shook the yoke, holding it on either side.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σεῖον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πανημέριοι","lemma":"πανημέριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all day long","note":"πανημέριος 'the whole day' — a formulaic epic adverb marking sustained travel."},{"surface":"σεῖον","lemma":"σείω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept shaking"},{"surface":"ζυγὸν","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σεῖον","gloss":"the yoke"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχοντες","gloss":"on both sides"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to σεῖον","gloss":"holding","note":"present participle 'holding (it),' describing the horses gripping the yoke as they strain against it."}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b3-l487","source":"δύσετό τʼ ἠέλιος σκιόωντό τε πᾶσαι ἀγυιαί,","translation":"The sun set and all the ways grew dark,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσετό","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set","note":"δύω 'sink, set' (of the sun) — the aorist marks the moment day ends."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύσετό","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"σκιόωντό","lemma":"σκιάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew dark","note":"σκιάω 'cast into shadow' — vivid image of streets darkening at sunset, subject πᾶσαι ἀγυιαί."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγυιαί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀγυιαί","lemma":"ἀγυιά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of σκιόωντό","gloss":"the streets"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b3-l488","source":"ἐς Φηρὰς δʼ ἵκοντο Διοκλῆος ποτὶ δῶμα,","translation":"and they came to Pherae, to the house of Diocles,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Φηρὰς","lemma":"Φηραί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Pherae"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵκοντο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they arrived","note":"ἱκνέομαι 'come to, reach' — common epic verb for arriving at a destination."},{"surface":"Διοκλῆος","lemma":"Διοκλής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of Diocles"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"the house"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b3-l489","source":"υἱέος Ὀρτιλόχοιο, τὸν Ἀλφειὸς τέκε παῖδα.","translation":"son of Ortilochus, whom Alpheus begot as his child.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱέος","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ὀρτιλόχοιο","lemma":"Ὀρτίλοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέος","gloss":"of Ortilochus"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέκε","gloss":"whom","note":"relative pronoun τὸν picks up Diocles' father, linking the genealogy across the line break."},{"surface":"Ἀλφειὸς","lemma":"Ἀλφειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέκε","gloss":"Alpheus"},{"surface":"τέκε","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"begot"},{"surface":"παῖδα","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of τέκε","gloss":"as a son"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b3-l490","source":"ἔνθα δὲ νύκτʼ ἄεσαν, ὁ δὲ τοῖς πὰρ ξείνια θῆκεν.","translation":"There they passed the night, and he set guest-gifts before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄεσαν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύκτ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄεσαν","gloss":"the night"},{"surface":"ἄεσαν","lemma":"ἄω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spent","note":"ἄω 'pass the night, sleep' — rare epic verb, only survives in a few Homeric forms."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θῆκεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside them"},{"surface":"ξείνια","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"guest-gifts","note":"ξένια 'gifts of hospitality' — the guest-friendship (xenia) custom central to the Odyssey."},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b3-l491","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l491.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς","title":"Rosy-fingered Dawn","body":"Homer's most famous epithet for the dawn goddess, marking the start of a new day's action."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"ἠριγένεια 'early-born,' a fixed epithet of Dawn always paired with ῥοδοδάκτυλος."},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος 'rosy-fingered' — one of Homer's most famous formulaic epithets for Dawn."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b3-l492","source":"ἵππους τε ζεύγνυντʼ ἀνά θʼ ἅρματα ποικίλʼ ἔβαινον·","translation":"they yoked the horses and mounted the inlaid chariot;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ζεύγνυντ᾽","gloss":"the horses"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζεύγνυντ","lemma":"ζεύγνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they yoked"},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up onto"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅρματα","lemma":"ἅρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔβαινον","gloss":"the chariot"},{"surface":"ποικίλ","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἅρματα","gloss":"inlaid","note":"ποικίλος 'richly decorated, inlaid' — describes a finely worked chariot, a mark of status."},{"surface":"ἔβαινον","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they mounted"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b3-l493","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἔλασαν προθύροιο καὶ αἰθούσης ἐριδούπου·","translation":"and they drove out from the forecourt and the echoing portico;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλασαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they drove"},{"surface":"προθύροιο","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the forecourt"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰθούσης","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the portico"},{"surface":"ἐριδούπου","lemma":"ἐρίδουπος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰθούσης","gloss":"echoing","note":"ἐρίδουπος 'loud-echoing' — describes the portico ringing with the noise of wheels leaving."}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b3-l494","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην.","translation":"and he whipped the horses to go, and not unwilling the pair flew on.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μάστιξεν","lemma":"μαστίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he whipped"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλάαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μάστιξεν","gloss":"to drive them"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πετέσθην","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντε","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unwilling"},{"surface":"πετέσθην","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew","note":"this whole couplet repeats line 484 verbatim — an oral-formulaic repeated verse."}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b3-l495","source":"ἷξον δʼ ἐς πεδίον πυρηφόρον, ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτα","translation":"They came to the wheat-bearing plain, and there then","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they reached","note":"ἵκω, a shortened epic variant of ἱκνέομαι, both meaning 'arrive at.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"πυρηφόρον","lemma":"πυρηφόρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεδίον","gloss":"wheat-bearing","note":"πυρηφόρος 'wheat-bearing' — a stock epithet for fertile farmland."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦνον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦνον","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b3-l496","source":"ἦνον ὁδόν· τοῖον γὰρ ὑπέκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι.","translation":"they finished their road; so swiftly did the fast horses carry them on.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦνον","lemma":"ἄνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they finished","note":"ἄνω here means 'accomplish, complete' (a journey) — not to be confused with the preposition ἀνά."},{"surface":"ὁδόν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἦνον","gloss":"the road"},{"surface":"τοῖον","lemma":"τοῖος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑπέκφερον","gloss":"so, such"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὑπέκφερον","lemma":"ὑπεκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried them along","note":"ὑπεκφέρω 'carry swiftly out/along' — compound stresses the horses whisking the chariot away."},{"surface":"ὠκέες","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵπποι","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἵπποι","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὑπέκφερον","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b3-l497","source":"δύσετό τʼ ἠέλιος σκιόωντό τε πᾶσαι ἀγυιαί.","translation":"The sun set and all the ways grew dark.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b3-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσετό","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύσετό","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"σκιόωντό","lemma":"σκιάω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew dark"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγυιαί","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀγυιαί","lemma":"ἀγυιά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of σκιόωντό","gloss":"the streets"}]}]}