{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":5,"id":"book-05","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας ε","translated":"Book 5 — Calypso; Odysseus Builds a Raft and the Storm at Sea"},"section":"The Wanderings","summary":"Zeus orders Calypso to let Odysseus go. He builds a raft and sails seventeen days. Poseidon wrecks him, and he swims ashore at Scheria.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5","lines":493},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b5-l1","source":"Ἠὼς δʼ ἐκ λεχέων παρʼ ἀγαυοῦ Τιθωνοῖο","translation":"Now Dawn rose from her bed beside lordly Tithonus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὤρνυθ᾽","gloss":"Dawn","note":"Ἠώς, goddess of dawn — formulaic epic opening for a new day"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"λεχέων","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοῦ","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τιθωνοῖο","gloss":"lordly"},{"surface":"Τιθωνοῖο","lemma":"Τιθωνός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρ᾽","gloss":"Tithonus","note":"mortal husband of Dawn, granted immortality but not eternal youth"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b5-l2","source":"ὤρνυθʼ, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτοισι φόως φέροι ἠδὲ βροτοῖσιν·","translation":"and stirred, to bring light to the immortals and to mortals;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤρνυθ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose, stirred","note":"ὄρνυμι mid.-pass. here used intransitively 'bestirred herself'"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to immortals"},{"surface":"φόως","lemma":"φόως","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέροι","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"φέροι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"might bring","note":"optative φέροι expresses purpose after ἵνα, standard in past-tense clauses"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βροτοῖσιν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"to mortals"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b5-l3","source":"οἱ δὲ θεοὶ θῶκόνδε καθίζανον, ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσι","translation":"and the gods were taking their seats in council, and among them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καθίζανον","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"θῶκόνδε","lemma":"θᾶκος","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of καθίζανον","gloss":"to their seats","note":"θῶκόνδε: directional -δε suffix 'to/toward the seat', built on θᾶκος"},{"surface":"καθίζανον","lemma":"καθιζάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were sitting down"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b5-l4","source":"Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, οὗ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.","translation":"Zeus who thunders on high, whose power is greatest of all.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὗ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον","title":"Possessive genitive","body":"The relative pronoun is genitive: \"of whom the power is greatest.\" Greek uses the genitive to express possession."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὑψιβρεμέτης","lemma":"ὑψιβρεμέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"who thunders on high","note":"ὑψιβρεμέτης, a compound epithet unique to Zeus—'high-thundering'"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"power"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεὺς","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μέγιστον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b5-l5","source":"τοῖσι δʼ Ἀθηναίη λέγε κήδεα πόλλʼ Ὀδυσῆος","translation":"To them Athena spoke of the many sorrows of Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of λέγε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of λέγε","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"λέγε","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was telling"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λέγε","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"ʼὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"of Odysseus"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b5-l6","source":"μνησαμένη· μέλε γάρ οἱ ἐὼν ἐν δώμασι νύμφης·","translation":"remembering him; for it troubled her that he was in the nymph's halls:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνησαμένη","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to λέγε","gloss":"remembering","note":"aorist middle participle, feminine, agreeing with Athena"},{"surface":"μέλε","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it troubled","note":"μέλω 'to be a care to' + dative οἱ — impersonal-feeling construction, 'it was on her mind'"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of μέλε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μέλε","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δώμασι","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"νύμφης","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δώμασι","gloss":"of the nymph"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b5-l7","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ἠδʼ ἄλλοι μάκαρες θεοὶ αἰὲν\n                     ἐόντες,","translation":"\"Father Zeus, and you other blessed gods who live forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ζεῦ πάτερ","title":"Vocative of address","body":"\"Zeu pater\" is vocative, the case for direct address. Athena calls out to the gods by name."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father","note":"vocative address, formulaic invocation opening a speech to the gods"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"who live","note":"ἐόντες, participle of εἰμί — 'being', i.e. 'who exist/live'"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b5-l8","source":"μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω","translation":"let no sceptered king ever again be kind and gentle and mild,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"let not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βασιλεύς","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστω","gloss":"still, any longer"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλεύς","gloss":"kindly, gracious"},{"surface":"ἀγανὸς","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤπιος","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mild"},{"surface":"ἔστω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be","note":"3rd-sg imperative ἔστω, 'let him be' — a jussive command"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b5-l9","source":"σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς, μηδὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς,","translation":"nor knowing in his heart what is right,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτοῦχος","lemma":"σκηπτοῦχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλεύς","gloss":"scepter-bearing"},{"surface":"βασιλεύς","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"αἴσιμα","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"just things"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"knowing","note":"perfect participle of οἶδα, functions as present 'knowing' (perfect-with-present-force verb)"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b5-l10","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ χαλεπός τʼ εἴη καὶ αἴσυλα ῥέζοι·","translation":"but let him always be harsh and do unjust deeds;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴη … ῥέζοι","title":"Optative of wish","body":"Both verbs are optative, used here to express a wish. Athena bitterly wishes the opposite of what she means."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"χαλεπός","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him be","note":"optative εἴη expressing a wish/command, continuing the jussive of ἔστω"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴσυλα","lemma":"αἴσυλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ῥέζοι","gloss":"cruel deeds"},{"surface":"ῥέζοι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him do"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b5-l11","source":"ὡς οὔ τις μέμνηται Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο","translation":"since not one remembers godlike Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to μέμνηται","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μέμνηται","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μέμνηται","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remembers","note":"perfect middle μέμνηται with present sense, 'has in mind / remembers'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"ʼὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of μέμνηται","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b5-l12","source":"λαῶν οἷσιν ἄνασσε, πατὴρ δʼ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν.","translation":"among the people he ruled, though he was gentle as a father.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the people"},{"surface":"οἷσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄνασσε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"ἄνασσε","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λαῶν","gloss":"he ruled"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"a father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as, like","note":"postpositive ὣς after a bare noun (πατὴρ ὣς) means 'like/as', not 'so, thus' — matches the translation 'gentle as a father'"},{"surface":"ἤπιος","lemma":"ἤπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he was"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b5-l13","source":"ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν ἐν νήσῳ κεῖται κρατέρʼ ἄλγεα πάσχων","translation":"But he lies on an island suffering bitter pains","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νήσῳ","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"an island"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"κρατέρ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"harsh, bitter"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχων","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"πάσχων","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖται","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b5-l14","source":"νύμφης ἐν μεγάροισι Καλυψοῦς, ἥ μιν ἀνάγκῃ","translation":"in the halls of the nymph Calypso, who by force","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύμφης","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Καλυψοῦς","gloss":"of the nymph"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"Καλυψοῦς","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴσχει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴσχει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴσχει","gloss":"by force","note":"ἀνάγκῃ, dative of means — 'by compulsion', pairs with ἴσχει in the next line"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b5-l15","source":"ἴσχει· ὁ δʼ οὐ δύναται ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι·","translation":"holds him; and he cannot reach his native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴσχει","lemma":"ἴσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Καλυψοῦς","gloss":"holds, detains"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύναται","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δύναται","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is able"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός/ἥ, epic possessive reflexive adjective 'his own' — 3rd-person reflexive not found in Attic"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δύναται","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b5-l16","source":"οὐ γάρ οἱ πάρα νῆες ἐπήρετμοι καὶ ἑταῖροι,","translation":"for he has no oared ships beside him, no companions","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"are at hand","note":"πάρα = πάρεστι, anastrophe (accent retracted onto the preposition, which stands in for the verb) — nothing is elided here, the form is the full unelided παρά"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπήρετμοι","lemma":"ἐπήρετμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"oared"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b5-l17","source":"οἵ κέν μιν πέμποιεν ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης.","translation":"who might send him on over the broad back of the sea.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οἵ κέν … πέμποιεν","title":"Potential optative","body":"The optative with the particle ken expresses what \"might\" happen: companions \"who might convey him.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμποιεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμποιεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πέμποιεν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑταῖροι","gloss":"would send"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"εὐρέα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"back","note":"νῶτα 'back(s)' as a poetic metaphor for the sea's surface"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b5-l18","source":"νῦν αὖ παῖδʼ ἀγαπητὸν ἀποκτεῖναι μεμάασιν","translation":"And now they are bent on killing his beloved son","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεμάασιν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"παῖδ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποκτεῖναι","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"ἀγαπητὸν","lemma":"ἀγαπητός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies παῖδ᾽","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"ἀποκτεῖναι","lemma":"ἀποκτείνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of μεμάασιν","gloss":"to kill"},{"surface":"μεμάασιν","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are eager","note":"μέμαα, defective perfect verb meaning 'to be eager/bent on' — no present-tense form exists"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b5-l19","source":"οἴκαδε νισόμενον· ὁ δʼ ἔβη μετὰ πατρὸς ἀκουὴν","translation":"as he comes home; for he went after news of his father","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νισόμενον","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"νισόμενον","lemma":"νίσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as he journeys"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔβη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after, in quest of"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀκουὴν","gloss":"of his father"},{"surface":"ἀκουὴν","lemma":"ἀκουή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"news, tidings"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b5-l20","source":"ἐς Πύλον ἠγαθέην ἠδʼ ἐς Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν.","translation":"to sacred Pylos and to glorious Lacedaemon.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πύλον","lemma":"Πύλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Pylos"},{"surface":"ἠγαθέην","lemma":"ἠγάθεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πύλον","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Λακεδαίμονα","lemma":"Λακεδαίμων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Lacedaemon"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Λακεδαίμονα","gloss":"glorious"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b5-l21","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·","translation":"Then Zeus the cloud-gatherer answered her and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς","title":"Formulaic epithet","body":"\"Cloud-gatherer\" is a fixed epithet for Zeus, repeated throughout Homer to fill the hexameter line."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεύς","gloss":"cloud-gatherer","note":"νεφεληγερέτα, standing epithet of Zeus as sky-god"},{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b5-l22","source":"τέκνον ἐμόν, ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων.","translation":"\"My child, what a word has escaped the barrier of your teeth!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέκνον","lemma":"τέκνον","morphology":"vocative singular neuter noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ἐμόν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκνον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ποῖόν","lemma":"ποῖος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φύγεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"φύγεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"ἕρκος","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φύγεν","gloss":"barrier","note":"ἕρκος ὀδόντων 'barrier of the teeth', famous Homeric formula for words slipping past control"},{"surface":"ὀδόντων","lemma":"ὀδούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕρκος","gloss":"of teeth"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b5-l23","source":"οὐ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτον μὲν ἐβούλευσας νόον αὐτή,","translation":"For did you not yourself devise this plan,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐβούλευσας","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you plan"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐβούλευσας","gloss":"plan, design"},{"surface":"αὐτή","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself","note":"αὐτή, intensive 'you yourself', stressing Athena's own authorship of the plan"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b5-l24","source":"ὡς ἦ τοι κείνους Ὀδυσεὺς ἀποτίσεται ἐλθών;","translation":"that Odysseus should come back and take vengeance on those men?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"κείνους","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"those men"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀποτίσεται","lemma":"ἀποτίνω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"would take vengeance on","note":"aorist subjunctive with ὡς, expressing purpose/result 'that he should avenge himself on'"},{"surface":"ἐλθών","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀποτίσεται","gloss":"having come"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b5-l25","source":"Τηλέμαχον δὲ σὺ πέμψον ἐπισταμένως, δύνασαι γάρ,","translation":"As for Telemachus, send him on skillfully, for you can,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πέμψον","title":"Aorist imperative","body":"\"Pempson\" is an aorist imperative, a direct command: \"send.\" The aorist views the action as a single whole."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τηλέμαχον","lemma":"Τηλέμαχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμψον","gloss":"Telemachus"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of πέμψον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"πέμψον","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένως","lemma":"ἐπισταμένως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέμψον","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"δύνασαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you are able"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b5-l26","source":"ὥς κε μάλʼ ἀσκηθὴς ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκηται,","translation":"so that he may reach his native land unharmed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l26.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite, very"},{"surface":"ἀσκηθὴς","lemma":"ἀσκηθής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"may reach"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b5-l27","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ἐν νηὶ· παλιμπετὲς ἀπονέωνται.","translation":"and the suitors come back in their ship with their purpose foiled.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνηστῆρες","lemma":"μνηστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the suitors"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"παλιμπετὲς","lemma":"παλιμπετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπονέωνται","gloss":"back again, foiled","note":"παλιμπετές, adverbial 'back the way they came' — captures the suitors' failed ambush"},{"surface":"ἀπονέωνται","lemma":"ἀπονέω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"return"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b5-l28","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ Ἑρμείαν, υἱὸν φίλον, ἀντίον ηὔδα·","translation":"He spoke, and addressed Hermes, his dear son:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἑρμείαν","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ηὔδα","gloss":"face to face","note":"ἀντίον, 'facing him', adverbial accusative describing manner of address"},{"surface":"ηὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b5-l29","source":"Ἑρμεία, σὺ γὰρ αὖτε τά τʼ ἄλλα περ ἄγγελός ἐσσι,","translation":"\"Hermes, since in all else too you are our messenger,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμεία","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hermes","note":"Vocative address; head noun of the vocative is elided (implied 'you')."},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again, too"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄλλα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐσσι","gloss":"in all else","note":"Neuter plural adjective used adverbially, 'in other respects.'"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄγγελός","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"you are","note":"Epic/Aeolic 2nd sg. present of εἰμί, ἐσσι, instead of Attic εἶ."}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b5-l30","source":"νύμφῃ ἐυπλοκάμῳ εἰπεῖν νημερτέα βουλήν,","translation":"tell the fair-haired nymph our unerring decree,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύμφῃ","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"to the nymph"},{"surface":"ἐυπλοκάμῳ","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύμφῃ","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"Stock Homeric epithet for a nymph/goddess, εὐπλόκαμος 'lovely-tressed.'"},{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"νημερτέα","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλήν","gloss":"unerring"},{"surface":"βουλήν","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"decree"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b5-l31","source":"νόστον Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος, ὥς κε νέηται","translation":"the homecoming of steadfast Odysseus, that he may return","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l31.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"Nostos: homecoming","body":"Nostos, \"return home,\" is the central theme of the whole poem and the root of our word \"nostalgia.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"the homecoming"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ταλασίφρονος","lemma":"ταλασίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"steadfast","note":"Epithet ταλασίφρων, 'enduring-hearted,' recurring formula for Odysseus."},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"κε with subjunctive marks purpose/expectation, 'that he may.'"},{"surface":"νέηται","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"he may return"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b5-l32","source":"οὔτε θεῶν πομπῇ οὔτε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων·","translation":"with no escort of gods nor of mortal men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"πομπῇ","lemma":"πομπεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to νέηται","gloss":"with escort"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"θνητῶν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b5-l33","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἐπὶ σχεδίης πολυδέσμου πήματα πάσχων","translation":"but on a raft of many lashings, suffering hardships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"σχεδίης","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"raft"},{"surface":"πολυδέσμου","lemma":"πολύδεσμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σχεδίης","gloss":"many-lashed","note":"πολύδεσμος, 'of many bindings,' describing Odysseus's makeshift raft."},{"surface":"πήματα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχων","gloss":"hardships"},{"surface":"πάσχων","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκοιτο","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b5-l34","source":"ἤματί κʼ εἰκοστῷ Σχερίην ἐρίβωλον ἵκοιτο,","translation":"on the twentieth day he will reach fertile Scheria,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματί","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἵκοιτο","gloss":"on a day"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"εἰκοστῷ","lemma":"εἰκοστός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματί","gloss":"twentieth"},{"surface":"Σχερίην","lemma":"Σχερία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Scheria"},{"surface":"ἐρίβωλον","lemma":"ἐριβῶλαξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Σχερίην","gloss":"fertile","note":"ἐριβῶλαξ, 'rich-clodded,' formulaic land epithet."},{"surface":"ἵκοιτο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he would reach","note":"Potential optative with κε (not a 'future-in-the-past' backshift, which applies to indirect discourse); in Homer, purpose clauses freely mix subjunctive and optative+κε, both giving a future/expected sense: 'he will/would reach.'"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b5-l35","source":"Φαιήκων ἐς γαῖαν, οἳ ἀγχίθεοι γεγάασιν,","translation":"the land of the Phaeacians, who are kinsmen of the gods,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γεγάασιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἀγχίθεοι","lemma":"ἀγχίθεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"kin of the gods","note":"ἀγχίθεοι, 'near to the gods,' epithet for the Phaeacians' special favor."},{"surface":"γεγάασιν","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"are","note":"Perfect γεγάασιν used with present force, 'have come to be' = 'are.'"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b5-l36","source":"οἵ κέν μιν περὶ κῆρι θεὸν ὣς τιμήσουσιν,","translation":"who will honor him in their hearts like a god,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"κῆρι","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like","note":"ὥς here is postpositive, placed after the noun it governs (θεὸν ὥς, 'like a god') by anastrophe; not a correlative ὡς...ὥς pairing."},{"surface":"τιμήσουσιν","lemma":"τιμάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"will honor"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b5-l37","source":"πέμψουσιν δʼ ἐν νηὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,","translation":"and send him in a ship to his dear native land,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέμψουσιν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"will send"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b5-l38","source":"χαλκόν τε χρυσόν τε ἅλις ἐσθῆτά τε δόντες,","translation":"giving him bronze and gold in plenty, and clothing,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαλκόν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"bronze"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσόν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅλις","lemma":"ἅλις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δόντες","gloss":"in plenty"},{"surface":"ἐσθῆτά","lemma":"ἐσθής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"clothing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόντες","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πέμψουσιν","gloss":"giving"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b5-l39","source":"πόλλʼ, ὅσʼ ἂν οὐδέ ποτε Τροίης ἐξήρατʼ Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"more than Odysseus would ever have carried off from Troy,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ὅσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐξήρατ᾽","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐξήρατ᾽","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Τροίης","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξήρατ᾽","gloss":"from Troy"},{"surface":"ἐξήρατ","lemma":"ἐξαίρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"carried off","note":"ἐξαίρω middle, 'take for oneself as plunder,' fitting the war-spoils sense."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐξήρατ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b5-l40","source":"εἴ περ ἀπήμων ἦλθε, λαχὼν ἀπὸ ληίδος αἶσαν.","translation":"had he come home unharmed with his fair share of the spoil.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπήμων","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"had come"},{"surface":"λαχὼν","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"having gotten as his share"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ληίδος","lemma":"ληίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"spoil"},{"surface":"αἶσαν","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of λαχὼν","gloss":"share","note":"αἶσα, 'portion/lot,' echoing the theme of fated share of plunder."}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b5-l41","source":"ὣς γάρ οἱ μοῖρʼ ἐστὶ φίλους τʼ ἰδέειν καὶ ἱκέσθαι","translation":"For this is his lot: to see his loved ones and to come","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"fate","note":"μοῖρα, 'destined lot,' central Homeric concept of fixed portion in life."},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"φίλους","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἰδέειν","gloss":"loved ones"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to arrive"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b5-l42","source":"οἶκον ἐς ὑψόροφον καὶ ἑὴν ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"to his high-roofed house and his own native land.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὑψόροφον","lemma":"ὑψόροφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"high-roofed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑὴν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b5-l43","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης.","translation":"So he spoke, and the guide, slayer of Argus, did not disobey.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l43.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀργεϊφόντης","title":"Epithet of Hermes","body":"\"Argeiphontes,\" slayer of the hundred-eyed Argus, is a standard epithet of Hermes the messenger god."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπίθησε","lemma":"ἀπιθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"disobeyed","note":"ἀπιθέω itself means 'disobey'; the negation ('did not disobey') comes from the preceding οὐδ᾽, which has no separate word id in this line."},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"guide","note":"διάκτορος, 'the Guide/Escort,' a fixed cult-epithet of Hermes as conductor of souls/messages."},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπίθησε","gloss":"slayer of Argus","note":"Ἀργειφόντης, standing formulaic epithet of Hermes recalling the myth of Argus."}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b5-l44","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,","translation":"At once he bound beneath his feet his fine sandals,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδήσατο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδήσατο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ποσσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"ἐδήσατο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound on"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"πέδιλα","lemma":"πέδιλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐδήσατο","gloss":"sandals"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b5-l45","source":"ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, τά μιν φέρον ἠμὲν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν","translation":"immortal, golden, that bore him over the waters","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβρόσια","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"χρύσεια","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"golden","note":"Hermes's magic winged sandals, ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, described with divine epithets."},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"that (they)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέδιλα","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ἐφ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ὑγρὴν","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐφ᾽","gloss":"the wet (sea)"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b5-l46","source":"ἠδʼ ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν ἅμα πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο.","translation":"and over the boundless earth with the breath of the wind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀπείρονα","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"πνοιῇς","lemma":"πνοή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"breaths"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πνοιῇς","gloss":"of the wind"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b5-l47","source":"εἵλετο δὲ ῥάβδον, τῇ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ὄμματα θέλγει,","translation":"He took the wand with which he charms the eyes of men,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he took"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥάβδον","lemma":"ῥάβδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἵλετο","gloss":"wand","note":"Hermes's magic ῥάβδος, tool for inducing/lifting sleep — the caduceus of myth."},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"with which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄμματα","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ὄμματα","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of θέλγει","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"θέλγει","lemma":"θέλγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"charms"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b5-l48","source":"ὧν ἐθέλει, τοὺς δʼ αὖτε καὶ ὑπνώοντας ἐγείρει.","translation":"of whomever he wishes, and wakes others again from sleep.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὧν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of whom"},{"surface":"ἐθέλει","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"he wishes"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγείρει","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὑπνώοντας","lemma":"ὑπνάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sleeping"},{"surface":"ἐγείρει","lemma":"ἐγείρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"wakes"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b5-l49","source":"τὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων πέτετο κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης.","translation":"Holding it in his hands, the strong slayer of Argus flew.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"it (the wand)"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέτετο","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"πέτετο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew"},{"surface":"κρατὺς","lemma":"κρατύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"strong","note":"κρατύς, an archaic epic adjective for physical might, paired again with Hermes's epithet."},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέτετο","gloss":"slayer of Argus"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b5-l50","source":"Πιερίην δʼ ἐπιβὰς ἐξ αἰθέρος ἔμπεσε πόντῳ·","translation":"Setting foot on Pieria, he dropped from the upper air to the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πιερίην","lemma":"Πιερία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβὰς","gloss":"Pieria"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιβὰς","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔμπεσε","gloss":"setting foot on"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"αἰθέρος","lemma":"αἰθήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"upper air"},{"surface":"ἔμπεσε","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell, dropped"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"to the sea"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b5-l51","source":"σεύατʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ κῦμα λάρῳ ὄρνιθι ἐοικώς,","translation":"then sped over the waves like a gull,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεύατ","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sped"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σεύατ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"λάρῳ","lemma":"λάρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄρνιθι","gloss":"gull","note":"λάρῳ...ὄρνιθι, dative of comparison forming the famous gull simile for Hermes's flight."},{"surface":"ὄρνιθι","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐοικώς","gloss":"bird"},{"surface":"ἐοικώς","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σεύατ᾽","gloss":"being like"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b5-l52","source":"ὅς τε κατὰ δεινοὺς κόλπους ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο","translation":"which down the dread gulfs of the barren sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δεύεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(generalizing particle)"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down along"},{"surface":"δεινοὺς","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κόλπους","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"κόλπους","lemma":"κόλπος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"gulfs"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κόλπους","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἀτρυγέτοιο","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"barren","note":"ἀτρύγετος, 'unharvested,' standard Homeric epithet for the sea as unfarmable waste."}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b5-l53","source":"ἰχθῦς ἀγρώσσων πυκινὰ πτερὰ δεύεται ἅλμῃ·","translation":"hunting fish drenches its thick wings in the brine:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰχθῦς","lemma":"ἰχθύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγρώσσων","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"ἀγρώσσων","lemma":"ἀγρώσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δεύεται","gloss":"hunting"},{"surface":"πυκινὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτερὰ","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"πτερὰ","lemma":"πτερόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δεύεται","gloss":"wings"},{"surface":"δεύεται","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὄρνιθι","gloss":"drenches"},{"surface":"ἅλμῃ","lemma":"ἅλμη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεύεται","gloss":"in brine"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b5-l54","source":"τῷ ἴκελος πολέεσσιν ὀχήσατο κύμασιν Ἑρμῆς.","translation":"like it Hermes rode over the many waves.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴκελος","gloss":"to it (the gull)"},{"surface":"ἴκελος","lemma":"ἴκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"πολέεσσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύμασιν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ὀχήσατο","lemma":"ὀχέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rode","note":"ὀχέω middle, 'was borne/carried,' describing Hermes riding the wave-crests."},{"surface":"κύμασιν","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὀχήσατο","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"Ἑρμῆς","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀχήσατο","gloss":"Hermes"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b5-l55","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὴν νῆσον ἀφίκετο τηλόθʼ ἐοῦσαν,","translation":"But when he reached the island lying far off,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine article","role":"modifies νῆσον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"νῆσον","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφίκετο","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ἀφίκετο","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"τηλόθ","lemma":"τηλόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐοῦσαν","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"modifies νῆσον","gloss":"lying","note":"Circumstantial participle of εἰμί, 'being (far off),' i.e. the remote island Ogygia."}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b5-l56","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐκ πόντου βὰς ἰοειδέος ἤπειρόνδε","translation":"there he stepped from the violet sea onto the land","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤιεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόντου","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"βὰς","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤιεν","gloss":"stepping"},{"surface":"ἰοειδέος","lemma":"ἰοειδής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντου","gloss":"violet","note":"ἰοειδής, 'violet-colored,' a Homeric color epithet for the deep sea."},{"surface":"ἤπειρόνδε","lemma":"ἤπειρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἤιεν","gloss":"onto dry land","note":"ἤπειρόνδε, directional -δε suffix meaning 'to(ward) the mainland/shore.'"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b5-l57","source":"ἤιεν, ὄφρα μέγα σπέος ἵκετο, τῷ ἔνι νύμφη","translation":"and went on, until he came to the great cave where the nymph","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤιεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in, within"},{"surface":"νύμφη","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ναῖεν","gloss":"nymph","note":"Introduces Calypso, though named only later; νύμφη begins the cave's description."}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b5-l58","source":"ναῖεν ἐυπλόκαμος· τὴν δʼ ἔνδοθι τέτμεν ἐοῦσαν.","translation":"with the lovely hair dwelt; and he found her within.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναῖεν","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σπέος","gloss":"dwelt","note":"imperfect: she used to dwell there, habitual/ongoing action"},{"surface":"ἐυπλόκαμος","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύμφη","gloss":"lovely-haired"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of τέτμεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνδοθι","lemma":"ἔνδοθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐοῦσαν","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"τέτμεν","lemma":"τέτμον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found","note":"τέτμον is a rare epic aorist verb meaning 'found/met', not built from a present stem"},{"surface":"ἐοῦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b5-l59","source":"πῦρ μὲν ἐπʼ ἐσχαρόφιν μέγα καίετο, τηλόσε δʼ ὀδμὴ","translation":"A great fire was burning on the hearth, and far off the scent","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καίετο","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἐσχαρόφιν","lemma":"ἐσχάρα","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"hearth","note":"ἐσχαρόφιν is an archaic -φιν instrumental/locative ending, functioning like a dative"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῦρ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καίετο","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was burning"},{"surface":"τηλόσε","lemma":"τηλόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδώδει","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀδμὴ","lemma":"ὀσμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀδώδει","gloss":"scent"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b5-l60","source":"κέδρου τʼ εὐκεάτοιο θύου τʼ ἀνὰ νῆσον ὀδώδει","translation":"of split cedar and incense-wood drifted across the island","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέδρου","lemma":"κέδρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τ᾽","gloss":"of cedar"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐκεάτοιο","lemma":"εὐκέατος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies θύου","gloss":"easily-split"},{"surface":"θύου","lemma":"θύον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τ᾽","gloss":"of citron-wood"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"across"},{"surface":"νῆσον","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ὀδώδει","lemma":"ὄζω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smelled","note":"pluperfect ὀδώδει used with present force in Homer: 'was smelling/wafted'"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b5-l61","source":"δαιομένων· ἡ δʼ ἔνδον ἀοιδιάουσʼ ὀπὶ καλῇ","translation":"as they burned; and within she was singing with a lovely voice","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιομένων","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"burning","note":"genitive absolute-like: 'as they [logs] were burning'"},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὕφαινεν","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὕφαινεν","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἀοιδιάουσ","lemma":"ἀοιδιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὕφαινεν","gloss":"singing"},{"surface":"ὀπὶ","lemma":"ὄψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀοιδιάουσ᾽","gloss":"with voice"},{"surface":"καλῇ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀπὶ","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b5-l62","source":"ἱστὸν ἐποιχομένη χρυσείῃ κερκίδʼ ὕφαινεν.","translation":"as she went to and fro at the loom, weaving with a golden shuttle.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐποιχομένη","gloss":"loom"},{"surface":"ἐποιχομένη","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ὕφαινεν","gloss":"going to and fro"},{"surface":"χρυσείῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κερκίδ᾽","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"κερκίδ","lemma":"κερκίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὕφαινεν","gloss":"shuttle"},{"surface":"ὕφαινεν","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was weaving"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b5-l63","source":"ὕλη δὲ σπέος ἀμφὶ πεφύκει τηλεθόωσα,","translation":"Around the cave a wood had grown up flourishing,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"πεφύκει","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had grown","note":"pluperfect πεφύκει: a state resulting from earlier growth, 'had grown up (and now stood)'"},{"surface":"τηλεθόωσα","lemma":"τηλεθάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies ὕλη","gloss":"flourishing"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b5-l64","source":"κλήθρη τʼ αἴγειρός τε καὶ εὐώδης κυπάρισσος.","translation":"alder and poplar and fragrant cypress.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλήθρη","lemma":"κλήθρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"alder"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴγειρός","lemma":"αἴγειρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"poplar"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐώδης","lemma":"εὐώδης","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κυπάρισσος","gloss":"fragrant"},{"surface":"κυπάρισσος","lemma":"κυπάρισσος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"cypress"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b5-l65","source":"ἔνθα δέ τʼ ὄρνιθες τανυσίπτεροι εὐνάζοντο,","translation":"There long-winged birds roosted,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὐνάζοντο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄρνιθες","lemma":"ὄρνις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"birds","note":"ὄρνιθες: masculine plural noun used generically for 'birds' regardless of species gender"},{"surface":"τανυσίπτεροι","lemma":"τανυσίπτερος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄρνιθες","gloss":"long-winged"},{"surface":"εὐνάζοντο","lemma":"εὐνάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roosted"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b5-l66","source":"σκῶπές τʼ ἴρηκές τε τανύγλωσσοί τε κορῶναι","translation":"owls and hawks and long-tongued crows","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκῶπές","lemma":"σκώψ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"owls"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴρηκές","lemma":"ἱέραξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"hawks"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τανύγλωσσοί","lemma":"τανύγλωσσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἴρηκές","gloss":"long-tongued"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κορῶναι","lemma":"κορώνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"crows","note":"τε...τε...τε: epic correlative stringing of three coordinate nouns, 'both...and...and'"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b5-l67","source":"εἰνάλιαι, τῇσίν τε θαλάσσια ἔργα μέμηλεν.","translation":"of the sea, whose business is upon the waters.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰνάλιαι","lemma":"εἰνάλιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies κορῶναι","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"τῇσίν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of μέμηλεν","gloss":"to whom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θαλάσσια","lemma":"θαλάσσιος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"sea-"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of μέμηλεν","gloss":"works"},{"surface":"μέμηλεν","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"are a care","note":"μέμηλεν: perfect of μέλω with dative, idiom 'is a concern to' — 'whose business is the sea'"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b5-l68","source":"ἡ δʼ αὐτοῦ τετάνυστο περὶ σπείους γλαφυροῖο","translation":"And there about the hollow cave was trained and spread","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"it (the vine)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"τετάνυστο","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was trained","note":"pluperfect passive: the vine 'had been trained/spread' and so lay there, describing a resulting state"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σπείους","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"γλαφυροῖο","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπείους","gloss":"hollow"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b5-l69","source":"ἡμερὶς ἡβώωσα, τεθήλει δὲ σταφυλῇσι.","translation":"a thriving garden vine, luxuriant with clusters of grapes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμερὶς","lemma":"ἡμερίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"garden vine"},{"surface":"ἡβώωσα","lemma":"ἡβάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to τετάνυστο","gloss":"blooming"},{"surface":"τεθήλει","lemma":"θάλλω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flourished","note":"pluperfect θάλλω-form used with simple past sense, common in Homeric narration of states"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σταφυλῇσι","lemma":"σταφυλή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τεθήλει","gloss":"with clusters of grapes"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b5-l70","source":"κρῆναι δʼ ἑξείης πίσυρες ῥέον ὕδατι λευκῷ,","translation":"Four springs in a row flowed with clear water,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρῆναι","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ῥέον","gloss":"springs"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέον","gloss":"in a row"},{"surface":"πίσυρες","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies κρῆναι","gloss":"four","note":"πίσυρες is the Aeolic/epic form of τέσσαρες 'four'"},{"surface":"ῥέον","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"ὕδατι","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ῥέον","gloss":"with water"},{"surface":"λευκῷ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδατι","gloss":"clear"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b5-l71","source":"πλησίαι ἀλλήλων τετραμμέναι ἄλλυδις ἄλλη.","translation":"close to one another, turned each a different way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίαι","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"complement of τετραμμέναι","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πλησίαι","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"τετραμμέναι","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ῥέον","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of τετραμμέναι","gloss":"one way"},{"surface":"ἄλλη","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"another","note":"ἄλλυδις ἄλλη: idiomatic doubling, 'each in a different direction'"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b5-l72","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ λειμῶνες μαλακοὶ ἴου ἠδὲ σελίνου","translation":"And all around soft meadows of violet and parsley","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θήλεον","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λειμῶνες","lemma":"λειμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of θήλεον","gloss":"meadows"},{"surface":"μαλακοὶ","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λειμῶνες","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"ἴου","lemma":"ἴον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of violet"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σελίνου","lemma":"σέλινον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of parsley"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b5-l73","source":"θήλεον. ἔνθα κʼ ἔπειτα καὶ ἀθάνατός περ ἐπελθὼν","translation":"were blooming. There even an immortal coming upon it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θήλεον","lemma":"θηλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bloomed"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential)","note":"κ(ε) + optative marks a potential mood (a likely/generalizing future action), not a counterfactual condition — Homeric idiom, here yielding 'would gaze in wonder' below."},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατός","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπελθὼν","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"coming upon"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b5-l74","source":"θηήσαιτο ἰδὼν καὶ τερφθείη φρεσὶν ᾗσιν.","translation":"would gaze in wonder at the sight, and be glad in his heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l74.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θηήσαιτο … τερφθείη","title":"Potential optative","body":"These optatives with ken describe what someone \"would\" do: even a god \"would marvel and be delighted.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"θηήσαιτο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would gaze in wonder"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θηήσαιτο","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τερφθείη","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be glad"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to τερφθείη","gloss":"in heart"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b5-l75","source":"ἔνθα στὰς θηεῖτο διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης.","translation":"There the guide, slayer of Argus, stood and gazed.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στὰς","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"στὰς","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θηεῖτο","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"θηεῖτο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gazed"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θηεῖτο","gloss":"slayer of Argus","note":"Ἀργειφόντης 'Argus-slayer', a fixed Homeric epithet for Hermes"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b5-l76","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντα ἑῷ θηήσατο θυμῷ,","translation":"But when he had marveled at everything in his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of θηήσατο","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ἑῷ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"θηήσατο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had marveled at"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θηήσατο","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b5-l77","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἄρʼ εἰς εὐρὺ σπέος ἤλυθεν. οὐδέ μιν ἄντην","translation":"at once he went into the wide cave. And face to face","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλυθεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέος","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"ἤλυθεν is the epic aorist of ἔρχομαι, alongside ἦλθεν"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠγνοίησεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδοῦσα","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b5-l78","source":"ἠγνοίησεν ἰδοῦσα Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων·","translation":"Calypso, bright among goddesses, knew him at sight;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠγνοίησεν","lemma":"ἀγνοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"failed to recognize","note":"οὐκ ἠγνοίησεν = litotes: 'did not fail to know' i.e. 'recognized at once'"},{"surface":"ἰδοῦσα","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἠγνοίησεν","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b5-l79","source":"οὐ γάρ τʼ ἀγνῶτες θεοὶ ἀλλήλοισι πέλονται","translation":"for the immortal gods are not unknown to one another,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀγνῶτες","lemma":"ἀγνώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of πέλονται","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγνῶτες","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b5-l80","source":"ἀθάνατοι, οὐδʼ εἴ τις ἀπόπροθι δώματα ναίει.","translation":"even if one of them dwells in a house far away.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατοι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναίει","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθι","lemma":"ἀπόπροθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναίει","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίει","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ναίει","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"dwells"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b5-l81","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ὀδυσσῆα μεγαλήτορα ἔνδον ἔτετμεν,","translation":"But great-hearted Odysseus he did not find within,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔτετμεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆα","gloss":"great-hearted","note":"μεγαλήτωρ 'great-hearted', a recurring heroic epithet often paired with Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔτετμεν","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ἔτετμεν","lemma":"τέτμον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b5-l82","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς κλαῖε καθήμενος, ἔνθα πάρος περ,","translation":"for he sat weeping on the shore, as before,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κλαῖε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀκτῆς","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"κλαῖε","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was weeping"},{"surface":"καθήμενος","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖε","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"just","note":"πάρος περ: 'just as before', emphasizing Odysseus's unchanged, habitual grief"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b5-l83","source":"δάκρυσι καὶ στοναχῇσι καὶ ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ἐρέχθων.","translation":"racking his heart with tears and groans and griefs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυσι","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with tears"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στοναχῇσι","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with groans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλγεσι","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with griefs"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρέχθων","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐρέχθων","lemma":"ἐρέχθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κλαῖε","gloss":"racking","note":"ἐρέχθων 'tearing/racking' — vivid participle showing grief physically wrenching his heart"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b5-l84","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον δερκέσκετο δάκρυα λείβων.","translation":"and gazed out over the barren sea, shedding tears.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l84.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δερκέσκετο","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"The suffix -σκ- marks repeated, habitual action: he \"kept gazing\" out to sea, day after day."}],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀτρύγετον","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"barren","note":"ἀτρύγετος 'unharvested/barren', a stock Homeric epithet for the sea"},{"surface":"δερκέσκετο","lemma":"δέρκομαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gazed"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λείβων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"λείβων","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δερκέσκετο","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b5-l85","source":"Ἑρμείαν δʼ ἐρέεινε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων,","translation":"Calypso, bright among goddesses, questioned Hermes,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείαν","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρέεινε","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρέεινε","lemma":"ἐρεείνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"questioned"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b5-l86","source":"ἐν θρόνῳ ἱδρύσασα φαεινῷ σιγαλόεντι·","translation":"after she had seated him on a shining, polished chair:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"θρόνῳ","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"a chair"},{"surface":"ἱδρύσασα","lemma":"ἱδρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐρέεινε","gloss":"having seated (him)","note":"Aorist participle 'having seated' — Calypso's action precedes the main verb of speech."},{"surface":"φαεινῷ","lemma":"φαεινός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνῳ","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"σιγαλόεντι","lemma":"σιγαλόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνῳ","gloss":"polished","note":"σιγαλόεις 'gleaming, splendid' — a formulaic Homeric epithet for fine furniture."}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b5-l87","source":"τίπτε μοι, Ἑρμεία χρυσόρραπι, εἰλήλουθας","translation":"\"Why have you come to me, Hermes of the golden wand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθας","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἰλήλουθας","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"Ἑρμεία","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hermes","note":"Vocative direct address opening Calypso's speech to the god."},{"surface":"χρυσόρραπι","lemma":"χρυσόρραπις","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑρμεία","gloss":"golden-wanded","note":"χρυσόρραπις 'of the golden wand' — a standing epithet unique to Hermes."},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθας","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have you come"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b5-l88","source":"αἰδοῖός τε φίλος τε; πάρος γε μὲν οὔ τι θαμίζεις.","translation":"honored and dear? Before now you have not come often.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδοῖός","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θαμίζεις","gloss":"before, formerly"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all","note":"οὔ τι 'not at all' — τι here is an adverbial accusative of extent, not a pronoun object."},{"surface":"θαμίζεις","lemma":"θαμίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you visit often"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b5-l89","source":"αὔδα ὅ τι φρονέεις· τελέσαι δέ με θυμὸς ἄνωγεν,","translation":"Say what is in your mind; my heart bids me do it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔδα","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speak, say"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φρονέεις","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"(indefinite)","note":"ὅ τι = relative + indefinite, 'whatever' — the two words together form one idiom, 'whatever you have in mind.'"},{"surface":"φρονέεις","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of αὔδα","gloss":"you have in mind"},{"surface":"τελέσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"to accomplish it"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τελέσαι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄνωγεν","gloss":"my heart"},{"surface":"ἄνωγεν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bids","note":"Perfect ἄνωγα functions with present force, 'bids/commands' — a common Homeric perfect-as-present verb."}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b5-l90","source":"εἰ δύναμαι τελέσαι γε καὶ εἰ τετελεσμένον ἐστίν.","translation":"if I can do it, and if it is a thing that can be done.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"I am able"},{"surface":"τελέσαι","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to accomplish"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τετελεσμένον","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a thing accomplishable","note":"Perfect passive participle 'having-been-accomplished' used almost as an adjective, 'feasible.'"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"it is"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b5-l91","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπεο προτέρω, ἵνα τοι πὰρ ξείνια θείω.","translation":"But come further in, that I may set hospitality before you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἕπεο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"follow, come"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕπεο","gloss":"further in"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before (you)"},{"surface":"ξείνια","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"hospitality, guest-gifts"},{"surface":"θείω","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"I may set","note":"Aorist subjunctive θείω (τίθημι) in a purpose clause introduced by ἵνα — 'so that I may set/place.'"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b5-l92","source":"ὥς ἄρα φωνήσασα θεὰ παρέθηκε τράπεζαν","translation":"So saying, the goddess set out a table beside him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκε","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"παρέθηκε","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set before (him)","note":"παρατίθημι 'set beside/before' — the compound verb captures the physical act of laying out the table."},{"surface":"τράπεζαν","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρέθηκε","gloss":"a table"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b5-l93","source":"ἀμβροσίης πλήσασα, κέρασσε δὲ νέκταρ ἐρυθρόν.","translation":"filling it with ambrosia, and mixed the red nectar.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l93.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμβροσίης … νέκταρ","title":"Ambrosia and nectar","body":"The food and drink of the gods, which confer immortality. Mortals eat bread and wine instead."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβροσίης","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πλήσασα","gloss":"with ambrosia"},{"surface":"πλήσασα","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρέθηκε","gloss":"having filled","note":"πλήσασα governs the genitive ἀμβροσίης — 'filling (the table) with ambrosia,' a genitive of material."},{"surface":"κέρασσε","lemma":"κεράννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she mixed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέκταρ","lemma":"νέκταρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κέρασσε","gloss":"nectar"},{"surface":"ἐρυθρόν","lemma":"ἐρυθρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέκταρ","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b5-l94","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ πῖνε καὶ ἦσθε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης.","translation":"Then the guide, slayer of Argus, drank and ate.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πῖνε","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drank"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦσθε","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ate"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"the guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"slayer of Argus","note":"Ἀργειφόντης, Hermes' standing epithet ('Argus-slayer'), paired here with διάκτορος 'the guide/messenger' — formulaic double-epithet naming."}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b5-l95","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δείπνησε καὶ ἤραρε θυμὸν ἐδωδῇ,","translation":"But when he had dined and satisfied his heart with food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δείπνησε","lemma":"δειπνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"he had dined"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤραρε","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"satisfied"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤραρε","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἐδωδῇ","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤραρε","gloss":"with food"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b5-l96","source":"καὶ τότε δή μιν ἔπεσσιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν·","translation":"then indeed he answered her with these words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"with words","note":"ἔπεσσιν, dative plural of ἔπος — the archaic -εσσι ending is a hallmark Homeric dative-plural formation."},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b5-l97","source":"εἰρωτᾷς μʼ ἐλθόντα θεὰ θεόν· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ τοι","translation":"\"You ask me why I have come, goddess to god; and I","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰρωτᾷς","lemma":"ἐρωτάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you ask"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰρωτᾷς","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"θεόν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a god","note":"θεὰ θεόν 'goddess (asking a) god' — a pointed juxtaposition of vocative-like nouns marking the two speakers' shared divine status."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and, but"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνισπήσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐνισπήσω","gloss":"to you"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b5-l98","source":"νημερτέως τὸν μῦθον ἐνισπήσω· κέλεαι γάρ.","translation":"will tell you the matter truly, since you bid me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νημερτέως","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνισπήσω","gloss":"truly, unerringly"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνισπήσω","gloss":"the matter"},{"surface":"ἐνισπήσω","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell"},{"surface":"κέλεαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you bid","note":"κέλομαι, present middle 'you bid/urge' — gives the reason (γάρ) Hermes agrees to explain fully."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"since, for"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b5-l99","source":"Ζεὺς ἐμέ γʼ ἠνώγει δεῦρʼ ἐλθέμεν οὐκ ἐθέλοντα·","translation":"Zeus commanded me to come here, against my will;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠνώγει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"commanded"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθέμεν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἠνώγει","gloss":"to come"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοντα","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willing","note":"ἐθέλοντα agrees with ἐμέ — 'me, (though) unwilling' — a concessive circumstantial participle."}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b5-l100","source":"τίς δʼ ἂν ἑκὼν τοσσόνδε διαδράμοι ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ","translation":"for who would willingly run across so great a stretch","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of διαδράμοι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)","note":"τίς ἄν + optative διαδράμοι forms a potential question, 'who would...?'"},{"surface":"ἑκὼν","lemma":"ἑκών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"willingly"},{"surface":"τοσσόνδε","lemma":"τοσόσδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"διαδράμοι","lemma":"διατρέχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would cross"},{"surface":"ἁλμυρὸν","lemma":"ἁλμυρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"salt"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διαδράμοι","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b5-l101","source":"ἄσπετον; οὐδέ τις ἄγχι βροτῶν πόλις, οἵ τε θεοῖσιν","translation":"of salt water, unspeakably vast? No city of mortals is near,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσπετον","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"unspeakable, vast"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πόλις","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥέζουσι","gloss":"who","note":"οἵ τε, relative + generalizing τε — introduces a timeless relative clause typical of Homeric gnomic statements."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέζουσι","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b5-l102","source":"ἱερά τε ῥέζουσι καὶ ἐξαίτους ἑκατόμβας.","translation":"men who offer sacrifices to the gods and choice hecatombs.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱερά","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sacrifices"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"ῥέζουσι","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βροτῶν","gloss":"offer"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξαίτους","lemma":"ἔξαιτος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἑκατόμβας","gloss":"choice"},{"surface":"ἑκατόμβας","lemma":"ἑκατόμβη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hecatombs","note":"ἑκατόμβη, literally 'hundred oxen' — a large-scale sacrifice, here paired with ἐξαίτους 'select, choice.'"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b5-l103","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ οὔ πως ἔστι Διὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"But there is no way at all for another god to slip past","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is possible"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"mind, purpose"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"αἰγίοχος 'aegis-holding' — a formulaic epithet of Zeus, stressing his supreme, unchallengeable will here."}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b5-l104","source":"οὔτε παρεξελθεῖν ἄλλον θεὸν οὔθʼ ἁλιῶσαι.","translation":"or thwart the purpose of Zeus who holds the aegis.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l104.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Διὸς … αἰγιόχοιο","title":"Genitive epithet","body":"\"Aegis-bearing Zeus\" stands in the genitive, modifying \"the purpose of Zeus.\" The aegis is his storm-shield."}],"words":[{"surface":"παρεξελθεῖν","lemma":"παρεξέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"to slip past","note":"παρεξέρχομαι 'go past/beside,' i.e. evade — a vivid compound for outwitting Zeus's plan."},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"οὔθ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἁλιῶσαι","lemma":"ἁλιόω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"thwart, frustrate"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b5-l105","source":"φησί τοι ἄνδρα παρεῖναι ὀιζυρώτατον ἄλλων,","translation":"He says a man is here with you, most wretched of all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φησί","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he says"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of παρεῖναι","gloss":"you (dat.)"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρεῖναι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"παρεῖναι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φησί","gloss":"is present"},{"surface":"ὀιζυρώτατον","lemma":"ὀιζυρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"most wretched","note":"ὀιζυρώτατος, superlative — sets up the pathos of Odysseus's plight before he is even named."},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀιζυρώτατον","gloss":"than others"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b5-l106","source":"τῶν ἀνδρῶν, οἳ ἄστυ πέρι Πριάμοιο μάχοντο","translation":"those men who fought around Priam's city","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πέρι","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around","note":"πέρι here as postpositive preposition (anastrophe) governing ἄστυ — 'around the city.'"},{"surface":"Πριάμοιο","lemma":"Πρίαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστυ","gloss":"of Priam"},{"surface":"μάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"fought"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b5-l107","source":"εἰνάετες, δεκάτῳ δὲ πόλιν πέρσαντες ἔβησαν","translation":"nine years, and in the tenth sacked the city and went","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰνάετες","lemma":"εἰναετής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μάχοντο","gloss":"for nine years"},{"surface":"δεκάτῳ","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβησαν","gloss":"in the tenth"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πέρσαντες","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"πέρσαντες","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβησαν","gloss":"having sacked"},{"surface":"ἔβησαν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"they went","note":"πέρσαντες ἔβησαν 'having sacked, they went' — a compact participial summary of the whole Trojan War in half a line."}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b5-l108","source":"οἴκαδʼ· ἀτὰρ ἐν νόστῳ Ἀθηναίην ἀλίτοντο,","translation":"homeward; but on the return they sinned against Athena,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔβησαν","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νόστῳ","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the return"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλίτοντο","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"ἀλίτοντο","lemma":"ἀλιταίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sinned against","note":"ἀλιταίνω + accusative, 'offend/sin against' — refers to the Greeks' impieties (e.g. Ajax) that doomed the homecoming."}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b5-l109","source":"ἥ σφιν ἐπῶρσʼ ἄνεμόν τε κακὸν καὶ κύματα μακρά.","translation":"who roused against them an evil wind and high waves.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπῶρσ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπῶρσ᾽","gloss":"against them"},{"surface":"ἐπῶρσ","lemma":"ἐπόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀθηναίην","gloss":"stirred up"},{"surface":"ἄνεμόν","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνεμόν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"μακρά","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"high, long","note":"μακρά 'long/high' modifying κύματα — a stock Homeric description of storm-waves."}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b5-l110","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἀπέφθιθεν ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι,","translation":"There all the rest of his noble companions perished,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέφθιθεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀπέφθιθεν","lemma":"ἀποφθίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished","note":"ἀποφθίνω, passive aorist 'were destroyed/perished' — marks the death of Odysseus's entire crew."},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέφθιθεν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b5-l111","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρα δεῦρʼ ἄνεμός τε φέρων καὶ κῦμα πέλασσε.","translation":"but this man the wind and the wave bore here and brought him near.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέλασσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέλασσε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἄνεμός","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέλασσε","gloss":"bearing him"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"πέλασσε","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought near","note":"πελάζω 'bring near/to land' — describes Odysseus washing up on Calypso's island."}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b5-l112","source":"τὸν νῦν σʼ ἠνώγειν ἀποπεμπέμεν ὅττι τάχιστα·","translation":"Him now Zeus bids you send away as quickly as you can,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποπεμπέμεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠνώγειν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποπεμπέμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἠνώγειν","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade","note":"Pluperfect ἠνώγειν with present-like force, 'has bidden/bids' — Zeus's command reported by Hermes."},{"surface":"ἀποπεμπέμεν","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠνώγειν","gloss":"to send away"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀποπεμπέμεν","gloss":"most quickly","note":"ὅττι τάχιστα, idiomatic superlative phrase 'as quickly as possible.'"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b5-l113","source":"οὐ γάρ οἱ τῇδʼ αἶσα φίλων ἀπονόσφιν ὀλέσθαι,","translation":"for it is not his destiny to die here, far from his own people,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l113.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἶσα","title":"aisa = appointed lot","body":"Aisa is one's allotted destiny or portion. Here Hermes states that dying on Calypso's island is not the fate decreed for Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἶσα","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"τῇδ","lemma":"τῇδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fate, destiny","note":"αἶσα 'fate/destiny' — the subject of an implied 'is,' asserting Odysseus's fixed destiny not to die on Ogygia."},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπονόσφιν","gloss":"of his own (people)"},{"surface":"ἀπονόσφιν","lemma":"ἀπονόσφι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"far from"},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to perish"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b5-l114","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι οἱ μοῖρʼ ἐστὶ φίλους τʼ ἰδέειν καὶ ἱκέσθαι","translation":"but it is still his lot to see his loved ones and reach","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μοῖρ᾽","gloss":"his","note":"Dative of possession with μοῖρα: 'his lot,' not a direct object."},{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"lot, fate"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"φίλους","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἰδέειν","gloss":"loved ones"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to see","note":"Epic aorist infinitive εἶδον/ἰδέειν used as an explanatory infinitive with μοῖρα ἐστί, 'his lot (is) to see.'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b5-l115","source":"οἶκον ἐς ὑψόροφον καὶ ἑὴν ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.","translation":"his high-roofed house and his own native land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὑψόροφον","lemma":"ὑψόροφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"high-roofed","note":"Homeric compound epithet ὑψόροφος, 'high-roofed,' a stock attribute of a great house."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑὴν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b5-l116","source":"ὣς φάτο, ῥίγησεν δὲ Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων,","translation":"So he spoke, and Calypso, shining among goddesses, shuddered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l116.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥίγησεν","title":"Aorist of sudden reaction","body":"rhigesen is aorist, marking the instantaneous shudder that seizes Calypso at the news. The aorist captures a single completed action rather than an ongoing state."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"Deponent aorist middle φάτο, epic formula for closing a speech."},{"surface":"ῥίγησεν","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"shining, divine","note":"δῖα θεάων 'shining among goddesses' is a fixed Homeric epithet-formula for a goddess."},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b5-l117","source":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to him she addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words,' the standard Homeric formula introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b5-l118","source":"σχέτλιοί ἐστε, θεοί, ζηλήμονες ἔξοχον ἄλλων,","translation":"Cruel are you, gods, and jealous beyond all others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιοί","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"ἐστε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"gods","note":"Vocative θεοί with no expressed verb of address — the case alone marks direct address to the gods."},{"surface":"ζηλήμονες","lemma":"ζηλήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"jealous"},{"surface":"ἔξοχον","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ζηλήμονες","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἔξοχον","gloss":"than others"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b5-l119","source":"οἵ τε θεαῖς ἀγάασθε παρʼ ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι","translation":"you who begrudge goddesses lying openly beside men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγάασθε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[epic 'and']"},{"surface":"θεαῖς","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀγάασθε","gloss":"goddesses"},{"surface":"ἀγάασθε","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοί","gloss":"begrudge","note":"ἄγαμαι here governs a dative of the person envied plus infinitive, 'begrudge (goddesses) sleeping with.'"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of παρ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"εὐνάζεσθαι","lemma":"εὐνάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἀγάασθε","gloss":"to sleep with"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b5-l120","source":"ἀμφαδίην, ἤν τίς τε φίλον ποιήσετʼ ἀκοίτην.","translation":"in the open, if one makes a man her dear bedfellow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφαδίην","lemma":"ἀμφάδιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to εὐνάζεσθαι","gloss":"openly"},{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ποιήσετ᾽","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[epic 'and']"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀκοίτην","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ποιήσετ","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"makes","note":"Subjunctive in a general/future conditional clause (ἤν + subj.), typical Homeric protasis."},{"surface":"ἀκοίτην","lemma":"ἀκοίτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of ποιήσετ᾽","gloss":"bedfellow, husband"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b5-l121","source":"ὣς μὲν ὅτʼ Ὠρίωνʼ ἕλετο ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"So it was when rosy-fingered Dawn chose Orion:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ὠρίων","lemma":"Ὠρίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕλετο","gloss":"Orion"},{"surface":"ἕλετο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτ᾽","gloss":"took, chose"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς 'rosy-fingered Dawn,' one of the Iliad/Odyssey's most famous fixed epithets."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕλετο","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b5-l122","source":"τόφρα οἱ ἠγάασθε θεοὶ ῥεῖα ζώοντες,","translation":"so long the gods who live at ease begrudged her,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠγάασθε","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἠγάασθε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἠγάασθε","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begrudged","note":"Imperfect ἠγάασθε for repeated/ongoing divine resentment, matching 'so long' (τόφρα)."},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠγάασθε","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ῥεῖα","lemma":"ῥεῖα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ζώοντες","gloss":"easily, at ease"},{"surface":"ζώοντες","lemma":"ζώω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"living"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b5-l123","source":"ἧος ἐν Ὀρτυγίῃ χρυσόθρονος Ἄρτεμις ἁγνὴ","translation":"until in Ortygia chaste, golden-throned Artemis","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l123.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ὀρτυγίῃ","lemma":"Ὀρτυγία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"Ortygia"},{"surface":"χρυσόθρονος","lemma":"χρυσόθρονος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"golden-throned","note":"Compound epithet χρυσόθρονος marks Artemis' divine splendor, epic formulaic style."},{"surface":"Ἄρτεμις","lemma":"Ἄρτεμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κατέπεφνεν","gloss":"Artemis"},{"surface":"ἁγνὴ","lemma":"ἁγνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρτεμις","gloss":"chaste"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b5-l124","source":"οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχομένη κατέπεφνεν.","translation":"assailed him with her gentle arrows and slew him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βελέεσσιν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"ἀγανοῖς","lemma":"ἀγανός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βελέεσσιν","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"βελέεσσιν","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κατέπεφνεν","gloss":"arrows"},{"surface":"ἐποιχομένη","lemma":"ἐποίχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κατέπεφνεν","gloss":"assailing","note":"ἐποιχομένη + dative of means (βελέεσσιν), 'going against him with arrows.'"},{"surface":"κατέπεφνεν","lemma":"κατέπεφνον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἧος","gloss":"slew"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b5-l125","source":"ὣς δʼ ὁπότʼ Ἰασίωνι ἐυπλόκαμος Δημήτηρ,","translation":"So too when fair-haired Demeter, yielding to her heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁπότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Ἰασίωνι","lemma":"ʼἰασίων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μίγη","gloss":"Iasion"},{"surface":"ἐυπλόκαμος","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Δημήτηρ","gloss":"fair-haired"},{"surface":"Δημήτηρ","lemma":"Δημήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of μίγη","gloss":"Demeter"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b5-l126","source":"ᾧ θυμῷ εἴξασα, μίγη φιλότητι καὶ εὐνῇ","translation":"joined with Iasion in love and on his bed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴξασα","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"εἴξασα","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μίγη","gloss":"yielding to"},{"surface":"μίγη","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"joined, mingled","note":"μίγη is aorist passive of μίγνυμι used with erotic sense, 'was united in love.'"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in love"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐνῇ","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"on his bed"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b5-l127","source":"νειῷ ἔνι τριπόλῳ· οὐδὲ δὴν ἦεν ἄπυστος","translation":"in the thrice-plowed fallow; nor for long did Zeus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νειῷ","lemma":"νειός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"fallow field"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τριπόλῳ","lemma":"τρίπολος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νειῷ","gloss":"thrice-plowed","note":"τρίπολος, 'thrice-plowed,' a concrete agricultural epithet grounding the myth in real farming ritual."},{"surface":"δὴν","lemma":"δήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἄπυστος","lemma":"ἄπυστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unaware"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b5-l128","source":"Ζεύς, ὅς μιν κατέπεφνε βαλὼν ἀργῆτι κεραυνῷ.","translation":"remain unaware, and he slew him with a cast of his blazing thunderbolt.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέπεφνε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέπεφνε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατέπεφνε","lemma":"κατέπεφνον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζεύς","gloss":"slew","note":"κατέπεφνον is an old epic aorist ('smote down') with no live present stem in Homer, a fossil form."},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέπεφνε","gloss":"casting"},{"surface":"ἀργῆτι","lemma":"ἀργής","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεραυνῷ","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"κεραυνῷ","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέπεφνε","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b5-l129","source":"ὥς δʼ αὖ νῦν μοι ἄγασθε, θεοί, βροτὸν ἄνδρα παρεῖναι.","translation":"So now again you begrudge me, gods, that a mortal man is with me.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄγασθε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγασθε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄγασθε","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you begrudge"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"gods","note":"Second vocative θεοί in the speech — Calypso repeats her direct accusation of the gods."},{"surface":"βροτὸν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παρεῖναι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"παρεῖναι","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἄγασθε","gloss":"to be present"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b5-l130","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼν ἐσάωσα περὶ τρόπιος βεβαῶτα","translation":"Him I rescued as he straddled the keel, alone,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐσάωσα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσάωσα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐσάωσα","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saved"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around, astride"},{"surface":"τρόπιος","lemma":"τρόπις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"keel"},{"surface":"βεβαῶτα","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"straddling","note":"Perfect participle βεβαῶτα, 'having taken his stand,' vividly pictures him clinging astride the keel."}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b5-l131","source":"οἶον, ἐπεί οἱ νῆα θοὴν ἀργῆτι κεραυνῷ","translation":"after Zeus, with his blazing thunderbolt,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since, after"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλσας","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀργῆτι","lemma":"ἀργής","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κεραυνῷ","gloss":"blazing"},{"surface":"κεραυνῷ","lemma":"κεραυνός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκέασσε","gloss":"thunderbolt"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b5-l132","source":"Ζεὺς ἔλσας ἐκέασσε μέσῳ ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ.","translation":"had struck his swift ship and shattered it in the middle of the wine-dark sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέασσε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἔλσας","lemma":"εἴλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέασσε","gloss":"having struck","note":"ἔλσας from εἴλω 'to drive, strike,' aorist participle setting up the main verb ἐκέασσε."},{"surface":"ἐκέασσε","lemma":"κεάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"shattered"},{"surface":"μέσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴνοπι","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"wine-dark","note":"οἶνοψ πόντος, the famous 'wine-dark sea' color epithet, a Homeric hallmark."},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b5-l133","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἀπέφθιθεν ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι,","translation":"There all the rest of his brave companions perished,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέφθιθεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀπέφθιθεν","lemma":"ἀποφθίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"brave, noble"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέφθιθεν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b5-l134","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρα δεῦρʼ ἄνεμός τε φέρων καὶ κῦμα πέλασσε.","translation":"but this man the wind and the wave bore here and brought him near.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέλασσε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέλασσε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἄνεμός","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[epic 'and']"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέλασσε","gloss":"bearing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"πέλασσε","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought near"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b5-l135","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ φίλεόν τε καὶ ἔτρεφον, ἠδὲ ἔφασκον","translation":"Him I loved and cherished, and I kept saying","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"φίλεόν","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔτρεφον","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"nourished"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφασκον","lemma":"φάσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept saying","note":"ἔφασκον, iterative-flavored imperfect of φάσκω, 'kept saying/promising,' stresses repeated assurance."}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b5-l136","source":"θήσειν ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀγήραον ἤματα πάντα.","translation":"I would make him immortal and ageless for all his days.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l136.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀγήραον","title":"Immortal and ageless","body":"A paired formula: athanaton ('deathless') and ageraon ('unaging'). Calypso offers Odysseus the two gifts that define the gods."}],"words":[{"surface":"θήσειν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφασκον","gloss":"to make","note":"Future infinitive θήσειν after ἔφασκον expresses what she kept promising she would do."},{"surface":"ἀθάνατον","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγήραον","lemma":"ἀγήραος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"ageless"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b5-l137","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ οὔ πως ἔστι Διὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο","translation":"But since it is in no way possible for the mind of aegis-bearing Zeus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is possible"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νόον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"mind, will"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"αἰγίοχος, 'holder of the aegis,' a stock epithet unique to Zeus in epic diction."}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b5-l138","source":"οὔτε παρεξελθεῖν ἄλλον θεὸν οὔθʼ ἁλιῶσαι,","translation":"to be evaded or thwarted by another god,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παρεξελθεῖν","lemma":"παρεξέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"to evade"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεὸν","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"οὔθ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἁλιῶσαι","lemma":"ἁλιόω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"to thwart"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b5-l139","source":"ἐρρέτω, εἴ μιν κεῖνος ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει,","translation":"let him go, if that one urges and commands it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρρέτω","lemma":"ἔρρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him go","note":"Third-person imperative ἐρρέτω from ἔρρω, a dismissive 'let him go to ruin/be off.'"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνει","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"urges"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b5-l140","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον· πέμψω δέ μιν οὔ πῃ ἐγώ γε·","translation":"over the barren sea; but I will send him off nowhere myself,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀτρύγετον","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"barren"},{"surface":"πέμψω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will send"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμψω","gloss":"I","note":"Emphatic ἐγώ γε, 'I myself, at least,' stresses Calypso will not personally provide passage."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b5-l141","source":"οὐ γάρ μοι πάρα νῆες ἐπήρετμοι καὶ ἑταῖροι,","translation":"for I have no ships fitted with oars and no companions","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there are","note":"οὐ...πάρα (=πάρεστι) with dative μοι, 'I have no...' — possessive construction."},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐπήρετμοι","lemma":"ἐπήρετμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"oared"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b5-l142","source":"οἵ κέν μιν πέμποιεν ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης.","translation":"who might convey him over the broad back of the sea.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l142.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέμποιεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"might (modal)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμποιεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πέμποιεν","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"might convey","note":"optative of wish/potential: 'might convey', paired with κέν"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"εὐρέα","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"back","note":"νῶτα θαλάσσης 'back of the sea' is a fixed Homeric formula for open water"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b5-l143","source":"αὐτάρ οἱ πρόφρων ὑποθήσομαι, οὐδʼ ἐπικεύσω,","translation":"But of my own goodwill I will counsel him, and hide nothing,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτάρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑποθήσομαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὑποθήσομαι","gloss":"willingly","note":"πρόφρων 'with ready heart' used adverbially describing the speaker's attitude, not the subject's case role"},{"surface":"ὑποθήσομαι","lemma":"ὑποτίθημι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will counsel"},{"surface":"ἐπικεύσω","lemma":"ἐπικεύθω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will conceal","note":"the negation ('nor') comes from the separate word οὐδ᾽ before it, not from ἐπικεύσω itself; ἐπικεύθω (ἐπι- + κεύθω) simply means 'conceal, hide' and is not a 'negative compound'"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b5-l144","source":"ὥς κε μάλʼ ἀσκηθὴς ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκηται.","translation":"so that quite unharmed he may reach his own native land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ἀσκηθὴς","lemma":"ἀσκηθής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own","note":"ἣν is the possessive adj. ἑός/ὅς 'his own', not the relative pronoun — easy to confuse by spelling"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"may reach"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b5-l145","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·","translation":"Then the guide, slayer of Argos, answered her:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"slayer of Argos","note":"διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης is Hermes' recurring epic epithet-pair, always in this order"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b5-l146","source":"οὕτω νῦν ἀπόπεμπε, Διὸς δʼ ἐποπίζεο μῆνιν,","translation":"So send him off now, and beware the wrath of Zeus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόπεμπε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπόπεμπε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἀπόπεμπε","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"send off"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆνιν","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐποπίζεο","lemma":"ἐποπίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"beware","note":"ἐποπίζεο 'have regard for, dread' takes the accusative μῆνιν directly as its object here (as in Homer generally) — there is no genitive default being overridden"},{"surface":"μῆνιν","lemma":"μῆνις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐποπίζεο","gloss":"wrath"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b5-l147","source":"μή πώς τοι μετόπισθε κοτεσσάμενος χαλεπήνῃ.","translation":"lest he grow angry with you afterward and turn harsh.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"κοτεσσάμενος","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χαλεπήνῃ","gloss":"growing angry","note":"aorist participle κοτεσσάμενος 'having taken offense' sets up the following subjunctive of fear"},{"surface":"χαλεπήνῃ","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"turn harsh"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b5-l148","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης·","translation":"So speaking the mighty slayer of Argos departed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέβη","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἀπέβη","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"departed"},{"surface":"κρατὺς","lemma":"κρατύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀργεϊφόντης","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέβη","gloss":"slayer of Argos","note":"formula repeated verbatim from l145 — Homeric epithets recur as fixed metrical units"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b5-l149","source":"ἡ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆα μεγαλήτορα πότνια νύμφη","translation":"and the lady nymph went toward great-hearted Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆα","gloss":"great-hearted","note":"μεγαλήτορα is a stock epithet of Odysseus, 'great-hearted', filling the line's second half"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νύμφη","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"νύμφη","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"nymph"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b5-l150","source":"ἤιʼ, ἐπεὶ δὴ Ζηνὸς ἐπέκλυεν ἀγγελιάων.","translation":"since she had heeded the message of Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"ἤιε/ἤι, imperfect of εἶμι 'go' — an athematic verb often mistaken for a form of εἰμί 'be'"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ζηνὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγγελιάων","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐπέκλυεν","lemma":"ἐπικλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had heeded"},{"surface":"ἀγγελιάων","lemma":"ἀγγελία","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέκλυεν","gloss":"messages"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b5-l151","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς εὗρε καθήμενον· οὐδέ ποτʼ ὄσσε","translation":"She found him sitting on the shore, and never were his eyes","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὗρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀκτῆς","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"εὗρε","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"καθήμενον","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to τέρσοντο","gloss":"ever","note":"οὐδέ ποτ᾽ 'and never' — negative frames the whole following image of unceasing weeping"},{"surface":"ὄσσε","lemma":"ὄσσε","morphology":"nominative dual neuter noun","role":"subject of τέρσοντο","gloss":"his eyes","note":"ὄσσε is the old dual form of 'eyes', still used by Homer for paired body parts"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b5-l152","source":"δακρυόφιν τέρσοντο, κατείβετο δὲ γλυκὺς αἰὼν","translation":"dry of tears; his sweet life was draining away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l152.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλυκὺς αἰὼν","title":"Sweet life ebbing","body":"aion is the span of one's life; here it 'drained down' (kateibeto) as Odysseus wept, a vivid image of grief consuming his very existence."}],"words":[{"surface":"δακρυόφιν","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of τέρσοντο","gloss":"of tears"},{"surface":"τέρσοντο","lemma":"τέρσομαι","morphology":"imperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were dry"},{"surface":"κατείβετο","lemma":"κατείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was draining away","note":"κατείβετο 'trickled/melted away' — vivid metaphor for his life ebbing like liquid"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γλυκὺς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰὼν","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"αἰὼν","lemma":"αἰών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατείβετο","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b5-l153","source":"νόστον ὀδυρομένῳ, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι ἥνδανε νύμφη.","translation":"as he mourned for his homecoming, since the nymph no longer pleased him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l153.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"nostos = homecoming","body":"Nostos, the return home, is the central theme of the Odyssey. Odysseus weeps precisely because his nostos seems lost."}],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀδυρομένῳ","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"ὀδυρομένῳ","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"mourning"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανε","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"pleased him","note":"ἥνδανε 'was pleasing' takes the person pleased in dative and the pleasing thing in nominative — reversed from English"},{"surface":"νύμφη","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἥνδανε","gloss":"nymph"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b5-l154","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι νύκτας μὲν ἰαύεσκεν καὶ ἀνάγκῃ","translation":"By night, to be sure, he would sleep, even against his will,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"to be sure"},{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰαύεσκεν","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(contrast marker)"},{"surface":"ἰαύεσκεν","lemma":"ἰαύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would sleep","note":"ἰαύεσκεν has the iterative -σκ- suffix marking repeated/habitual past action, 'used to sleep'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰαύεσκεν","gloss":"against his will","note":"dative ἀνάγκῃ 'by necessity/compulsion' — instrumental dative of manner"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b5-l155","source":"ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι παρʼ οὐκ ἐθέλων ἐθελούσῃ·","translation":"in the hollow caves, unwilling beside her willing;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l155.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐκ ἐθέλων ἐθελούσῃ","title":"Participles in pointed contrast","body":"Two present participles, 'not willing' (masculine, of Odysseus) and 'willing' (feminine dative, of Calypso), set side by side to mark the gulf between them."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπέσσι","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"caves"},{"surface":"γλαφυροῖσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέσσι","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθέλων","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰαύεσκεν","gloss":"unwilling","note":"paired participles ἐθέλων/ἐθελούσῃ 'willing/unwilling' create a pointed contrast between the two lovers"},{"surface":"ἐθελούσῃ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to παρ᾽","gloss":"willing (she)"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b5-l156","source":"ἤματα δʼ ἂμ πέτρῃσι καὶ ἠιόνεσσι καθίζων","translation":"but by day, sitting on the rocks and the beaches,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δερκέσκετο","gloss":"by day"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πέτρῃσι","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠιόνεσσι","lemma":"ἠιών","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"beaches"},{"surface":"καθίζων","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δερκέσκετο","gloss":"sitting"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b5-l157","source":"δάκρυσι καὶ στοναχῇσι καὶ ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ἐρέχθων","translation":"tearing his heart with tears and groans and griefs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυσι","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with tears"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στοναχῇσι","lemma":"στοναχή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"groans"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλγεσι","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρέχθων","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐρέχθων","lemma":"ἐρέχθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δερκέσκετο","gloss":"tearing","note":"ἐρέχθων 'racking/tearing' — vivid verb for the heart torn by grief, governs θυμὸν as object"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b5-l158","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον δερκέσκετο δάκρυα λείβων.","translation":"he gazed out on the barren sea, shedding tears.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἀτρύγετον","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"barren","note":"ἀτρύγετον 'unharvested, barren' is a standing Homeric epithet for the sea"},{"surface":"δερκέσκετο","lemma":"δέρκομαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gazed"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λείβων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"λείβων","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δερκέσκετο","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b5-l159","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσεφώνεε δῖα θεάων·","translation":"Standing near, the shining goddess spoke to him:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχοῦ","lemma":"ἀγχοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱσταμένη","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱσταμένη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to him"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"shining","note":"δῖα θεάων 'shining among goddesses' — genitive of the group + superlative-like adjective, a formulaic epithet"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of goddesses"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b5-l160","source":"κάμμορε, μή μοι ἔτʼ ἐνθάδʼ ὀδύρεο, μηδέ τοι\n                     αἰὼν","translation":"Ill-fated man, do not grieve here any longer, nor let your life","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κάμμορε","lemma":"κάμμορος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"ill-fated man","note":"vocative κάμμορε 'wretched/ill-fated one' — Calypso's tender address to Odysseus"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρεο","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρεο","gloss":"any longer"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδύρεο","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ὀδύρεο","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grieve"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies αἰὼν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"αἰὼν","lemma":"αἰών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φθινέτω","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b5-l161","source":"φθινέτω· ἤδη γάρ σε μάλα πρόφρασσʼ ἀποπέμψω.","translation":"waste away; for now with all goodwill I will send you on your way.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φθινέτω","lemma":"φθίω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"waste away","note":"φθινέτω continues the prohibition begun with μή...ὀδύρεο — 'nor let your life waste away'"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποπέμψω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἀποπέμψω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"with all"},{"surface":"πρόφρασσ","lemma":"πρόφρασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"goodwill"},{"surface":"ἀποπέμψω","lemma":"ἀποπέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will send"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b5-l162","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δούρατα μακρὰ ταμὼν ἁρμόζεο χαλκῷ","translation":"Come, cut long beams with bronze and fit together","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"δούρατα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ταμὼν","gloss":"timbers"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δούρατα","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ταμὼν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἁρμόζεο","gloss":"cutting","note":"aorist participle 'having cut' precedes the main imperative, marking sequence: cut, then fit"},{"surface":"ἁρμόζεο","lemma":"ἁρμόζω","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fit together"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἁρμόζεο","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b5-l163","source":"εὐρεῖαν σχεδίην· ἀτὰρ ἴκρια πῆξαι ἐπʼ αὐτῆς","translation":"a wide raft; and fasten cross-planks upon it","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρεῖαν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σχεδίην","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"σχεδίην","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἁρμόζεο","gloss":"raft"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴκρια","lemma":"ἴκρια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πῆξαι","gloss":"cross-planks"},{"surface":"πῆξαι","lemma":"πήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fasten"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b5-l164","source":"ὑψοῦ, ὥς σε φέρῃσιν ἐπʼ ἠεροειδέα πόντον.","translation":"up high, so that it may carry you over the misty sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψοῦ","lemma":"ὑψοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πῆξαι","gloss":"up high"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of φέρῃσιν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φέρῃσιν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"may carry"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδέα","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"misty","note":"ἠεροειδέα 'looking like mist/haze' — poetic epithet for the sea's grey vastness"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b5-l165","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σῖτον καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ οἶνον ἐρυθρὸν","translation":"And I will stow bread and water and red wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνθήσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐρυθρὸν","lemma":"ἐρυθρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b5-l166","source":"ἐνθήσω μενοεικέʼ, ἅ κέν τοι λιμὸν ἐρύκοι,","translation":"abundant, to keep hunger from you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθήσω","lemma":"ἐντίθημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will put in","note":"ἐνθήσω 'I will place in/stow' — future of ἐντίθημι, governing the provisions listed"},{"surface":"μενοεικέ","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"abundant"},{"surface":"ἅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρύκοι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal)"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύκοι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"λιμὸν","lemma":"λιμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρύκοι","gloss":"hunger"},{"surface":"ἐρύκοι","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"might keep off"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b5-l167","source":"εἵματά τʼ ἀμφιέσω· πέμψω δέ τοι οὖρον ὄπισθεν,","translation":"and I will clothe you in garments, and send a fair wind behind you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματά","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφιέσω","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέσω","lemma":"ἀμφιάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will clothe"},{"surface":"πέμψω","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will send"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"οὖρον","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμψω","gloss":"a fair wind"},{"surface":"ὄπισθεν","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέμψω","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b5-l168","source":"ὥς κε μάλʼ ἀσκηθὴς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκηαι,","translation":"so that quite unharmed you may reach your own native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal)"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ἀσκηθὴς","lemma":"ἀσκηθής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκηαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἵκηαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"may reach","note":"same formulaic line as l144 but 2nd person ἵκηαι instead of 3rd person ἵκηται — repeated wish now addressed directly"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b5-l169","source":"αἴ κε θεοί γʼ ἐθέλωσι, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν,","translation":"if the gods are willing, those who hold broad heaven,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal)"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐθέλωσι","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐθέλωσι","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"are willing"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"who","note":"τοί here is the demonstrative/relative pronoun 'those who', resuming θεοί in apposition"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοί","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b5-l170","source":"οἵ μευ φέρτεροί εἰσι νοῆσαί τε κρῆναί τε.","translation":"who are stronger than I both to plan and to bring about.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies φέρτεροί","gloss":"than me","note":"Aeolic/epic genitive μευ of ἐγώ = 'than me', comparative genitive with φέρτεροι."},{"surface":"φέρτεροί","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger","note":"φέρτεροι is comparative in force though the lemma looks superlative (φέρτατος) — epic comparative/superlative overlap."},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεοί","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"νοῆσαί","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to plan"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"κρῆναί","lemma":"κραίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"to accomplish","note":"κρῆναι (κραίνω) 'bring to pass' — paired with νοῆσαι as think/plan vs. do/accomplish."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b5-l171","source":"ὣς φάτο, ῥίγησεν δὲ πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"So she spoke, and much-enduring noble Odysseus shuddered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke","note":"φάτο, formulaic line-opener ὣς φάτο 'so she/he spoke', marking a speech's end."},{"surface":"ῥίγησεν","lemma":"ῥιγέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shuddered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας is Odysseus's standing epithet, 'much-enduring' — a fixed epic formula."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥίγησεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b5-l172","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and speaking to her he addressed her with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l172.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words' is a stock Homeric formula for speech taking flight to the listener."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b5-l173","source":"ἄλλο τι δὴ σύ, θεά, τόδε μήδεαι, οὐδέ τι πομπήν,","translation":"Some other thing, goddess, you are plotting here, and not my passage,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόδε","gloss":"some other"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τόδε","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μήδεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess","note":"Vocative θεά directly addresses Calypso, syntactically detached ('elided head') from the rest of the clause."},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of μήδεαι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"μήδεαι","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are plotting"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all","note":"τι does not itself mean 'not' — it is the indefinite/emphasizing particle 'any, at all' that reinforces the negation carried by οὐδέ ('and not ... at all')."},{"surface":"πομπήν","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"my passage"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b5-l174","source":"ἥ με κέλεαι σχεδίῃ περάαν μέγα λαῖτμα θαλάσσης,","translation":"you who bid me cross on a raft the great gulf of the sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλεαι","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of περάαν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κέλεαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σύ","gloss":"bid"},{"surface":"σχεδίῃ","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περάαν","gloss":"on a raft"},{"surface":"περάαν","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κέλεαι","gloss":"cross"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λαῖτμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"λαῖτμα","lemma":"λαῖτμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περάαν","gloss":"gulf","note":"λαῖτμα θαλάσσης, 'gulf of the sea', an epic phrase for the vast open deep."},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies λαῖτμα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b5-l175","source":"δεινόν τʼ ἀργαλέον τε· τὸ δʼ οὐδʼ ἐπὶ νῆες ἐῖσαι","translation":"dreadful and grievous; not even trim, balanced ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινόν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of περόωσιν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over it","note":"ἐπὶ used adverbially/postponed here ('tmesis'-like), 'over' the gulf, with the verb περόωσιν in the next line."},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of περόωσιν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐῖσαι","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"trim","note":"ἐῖσαι 'well-balanced, even' — a common epic ship-epithet describing symmetrical, well-built vessels."}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b5-l176","source":"ὠκύποροι περόωσιν, ἀγαλλόμεναι Διὸς οὔρῳ.","translation":"cross it, swift-sailing though they are, rejoicing in a wind from Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκύποροι","lemma":"ὠκύπορος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"swift-sailing"},{"surface":"περόωσιν","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cross"},{"surface":"ἀγαλλόμεναι","lemma":"ἀγάλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to περόωσιν","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies οὔρῳ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"οὔρῳ","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγαλλόμεναι","gloss":"wind","note":"οὖρος, a favoring wind sent by Zeus — ships 'rejoice' in divine fair weather, a common seafaring image."}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b5-l177","source":"οὐδʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἀέκητι σέθεν σχεδίης ἐπιβαίην,","translation":"Nor would I, against your will, set foot upon a raft,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιβαίην","gloss":"I","note":"ἐγών, epic form of ἐγώ with movable -ν before a vowel, common in Homeric verse."},{"surface":"ἀέκητι","lemma":"ἀέκητι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιβαίην","gloss":"against the will"},{"surface":"σέθεν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀέκητι","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"σχεδίης","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβαίην","gloss":"raft"},{"surface":"ἐπιβαίην","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would set foot on","note":"ἐπιβαίην, aorist optative of wish/potential — 'I would not board', hedging Odysseus's refusal."}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b5-l178","source":"εἰ μή μοι τλαίης γε, θεά, μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμόσσαι","translation":"unless you would consent, goddess, to swear a great oath","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l178.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τλαίης","title":"Optative in a wish/condition","body":"τλαίης is the 2nd singular aorist optative of τλάω ('to endure, to bring oneself to'), used in this conditional clause to frame the oath Odysseus demands as something Calypso must be willing to do."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀμόσσαι","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τλαίης","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"you would consent","note":"τλαίης, aorist optative 'endure/bring yourself to', softening the demand into a wish."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅρκον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὅρκον","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"ὀμόσσαι","lemma":"ὄμνυμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τλαίης","gloss":"to swear"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b5-l179","source":"μή τί μοι αὐτῷ πῆμα κακὸν βουλευσέμεν ἄλλο.","translation":"that you will plot no other evil harm against me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βουλευσέμεν","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μοι","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βουλευσέμεν","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"βουλευσέμεν","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to plot","note":"βουλευσέμεν, epic future infinitive ending in -έμεν (vs. Attic -ειν), common alternate form in Homer."},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b5-l180","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων,","translation":"So he spoke, and Calypso, shining among goddesses, smiled,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"μείδησεν","lemma":"μειδάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smiled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Καλυψὼ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"shining","note":"δῖα θεάων, 'shining among goddesses' — a partitive-genitive epithet formula honoring Calypso's divine rank."},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b5-l181","source":"χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"and she stroked him with her hand and spoke and called him by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατέρεξεν","gloss":"with her hand"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέρεξεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατέρεξεν","lemma":"καταρρέζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stroked"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔφατ(ο), imperfect middle of φημί, paired with ὀνόμαζεν in the formula 'spoke and called him by name'."},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b5-l182","source":"ἦ δὴ ἀλιτρός γʼ ἐσσὶ καὶ οὐκ ἀποφώλια εἰδώς,","translation":"You are a rogue indeed, and no fool in your thinking,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ἀλιτρός","lemma":"ἀλιτρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a rogue","note":"ἀλιτρός, 'sinner/rogue' — Calypso's teasing, affectionate rebuke of Odysseus's cunning."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐσσὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are","note":"ἐσσί, epic 2nd-singular of εἰμί (vs. Attic εἶ)."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀποφώλια","lemma":"ἀποφώλιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"foolish things"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"knowing"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b5-l183","source":"οἷον δὴ τὸν μῦθον ἐπεφράσθης ἀγορεῦσαι.","translation":"to have thought to speak such a speech as this.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷον","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀγορεῦσαι","gloss":"speech"},{"surface":"ἐπεφράσθης","lemma":"ἐπιφράζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"you thought","note":"ἐπεφράσθης, aorist passive of ἐπιφράζω used with active/deponent sense, 'you took thought/contrived'."},{"surface":"ἀγορεῦσαι","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπεφράσθης","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b5-l184","source":"ἴστω νῦν τόδε γαῖα καὶ οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθε","translation":"Let earth now be my witness to this, and broad heaven above,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴστω","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it know","note":"ἴστω, perfect imperative of οἶδα functioning as 'let X be witness' — a solemn oath-formula opener."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴστω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸς","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺς","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸς","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ὕπερθε","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies οὐρανὸς","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b5-l185","source":"καὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, ὅς τε μέγιστος","translation":"and the down-flowing water of the Styx, which is the greatest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"κατειβόμενον","lemma":"κατείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"down-flowing"},{"surface":"Στυγὸς","lemma":"Στύξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"of Styx","note":"The Styx-oath is the gods' own most binding oath in Greek myth — Calypso invokes the strongest possible guarantee."},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέλει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέγιστος","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"greatest"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b5-l186","source":"ὅρκος δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι,","translation":"and most dread oath there is for the blessed gods,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅρκος","lemma":"ὅρκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"oath"},{"surface":"δεινότατός","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"most dread"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέλει","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὕδωρ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πέλει","gloss":"for the gods"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b5-l187","source":"μή τί τοι αὐτῷ πῆμα κακὸν βουλευσέμεν ἄλλο.","translation":"that I will plot no other evil harm against you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of βουλευσέμεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τοι","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"πῆμα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βουλευσέμεν","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"βουλευσέμεν","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to plot"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πῆμα","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b5-l188","source":"ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν νοέω καὶ φράσσομαι, ἅσσʼ ἂν ἐμοί περ","translation":"But I intend, and will counsel, only such things as I would","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the things"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νοέω","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I intend"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φράσσομαι","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will counsel"},{"surface":"ἅσσ","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of μηδοίμην","gloss":"whatever things","note":"ἅσσ(α), epic contracted form of ὅστις-neuter, 'whatever things' — antecedent picked up by the following relative clause."},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μηδοίμην","gloss":"for myself"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b5-l189","source":"αὐτῇ μηδοίμην, ὅτε με χρειὼ τόσον ἵκοι·","translation":"devise for myself, were such great need to come upon me;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐμοί","gloss":"for myself"},{"surface":"μηδοίμην","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τὰ","gloss":"would devise","note":"μηδοίμην, optative of wish paired with ἅν/ἅσσα, 'I would myself contrive' — modest, hypothetical self-reliance."},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκοι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χρειὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκοι","gloss":"need","note":"χρειώ, personified 'Need' as subject of ἵκοι, 'should Need come upon me' — abstract noun treated almost as an agent."},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies χρειὼ","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"ἵκοι","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"to come"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b5-l190","source":"καὶ γὰρ ἐμοὶ νόος ἐστὶν ἐναίσιμος, οὐδέ μοι αὐτῇ","translation":"for my mind too is righteous, and the heart within me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστὶν","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἐναίσιμος","lemma":"ἐναίσιμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"righteous","note":"ἐναίσιμος 'fitting, just' — Calypso claims her own mind is not deceitful, defending her oath's sincerity."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μοι","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b5-l191","source":"θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι σιδήρεος, ἀλλʼ ἐλεήμων.","translation":"in my breast is not of iron, but full of pity.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l191.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"σιδήρεος","title":"A heart of iron","body":"sidereos ('of iron') is the Homeric image for a pitiless, unfeeling heart; Calypso denies that hers is such."}],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"my breast"},{"surface":"σιδήρεος","lemma":"σιδήρεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"iron","note":"σιδήρεος 'made of iron' — metaphor for hard-heartedness, denied here ('not iron, but full of pity')."},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐλεήμων","lemma":"ἐλεήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"full of pity"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b5-l192","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασʼ ἡγήσατο δῖα θεάων","translation":"So speaking the shining goddess led the way","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἡγήσατο","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b5-l193","source":"καρπαλίμως· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα μετʼ ἴχνια βαῖνε θεοῖο.","translation":"swiftly, and he then walked behind in the god's footsteps.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βαῖνε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βαῖνε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ἴχνια","lemma":"ἴχνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"footsteps","note":"μετ᾽ ἴχνια βαῖνε, 'walked in the footprints' — a vivid formula for following closely behind a guide."},{"surface":"βαῖνε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἴχνια","gloss":"of the god"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b5-l194","source":"ἷξον δὲ σπεῖος γλαφυρὸν θεὸς ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνήρ,","translation":"They came to the hollow cave, the goddess and the man,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷξον","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they came"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπεῖος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἷξον","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"γλαφυρὸν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπεῖος","gloss":"hollow","note":"γλαφυρός 'hollow, well-hollowed' regularly describes Calypso's cave and epic ships/caves alike."},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b5-l195","source":"καί ῥʼ ὁ μὲν ἔνθα καθέζετʼ ἐπὶ θρόνου ἔνθεν ἀνέστη","translation":"and he sat down there upon the chair from which","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καθέζετ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθέζετ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"καθέζετ","lemma":"καθέζετο","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"θρόνου","lemma":"θρόνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the chair","note":"θρόνου, the very chair Hermes had just risen from — a small domestic touch of hospitality."},{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀνέστη","gloss":"from which"},{"surface":"ἀνέστη","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θρόνου","gloss":"had risen"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b5-l196","source":"Ἑρμείας, νύμφη δʼ ἐτίθει πάρα πᾶσαν ἐδωδήν,","translation":"Hermes had risen, and the nymph set beside him every food,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνέστη","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"νύμφη","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐτίθει","gloss":"nymph"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was setting"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside him"},{"surface":"πᾶσαν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐδωδήν","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"ἐδωδήν","lemma":"ἐδωδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτίθει","gloss":"food"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b5-l197","source":"ἔσθειν καὶ πίνειν, οἷα βροτοὶ ἄνδρες ἔδουσιν·","translation":"to eat and drink, such things as mortal men eat;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσθειν","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to eat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίνειν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"to drink"},{"surface":"οἷα","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"βροτοὶ","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔδουσιν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐδωδήν","gloss":"eat","note":"ἔδουσιν, epic present of ἔδω 'eat' (root behind 'edible') — distinct from ἔσθειν used just before, epic variation for the same idea."}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b5-l198","source":"αὐτὴ δʼ ἀντίον ἷζεν Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο,","translation":"and she herself sat opposite godlike Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἷζεν","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίον","lemma":"ἀντίος","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"opposite","note":"ἀντίον + gen. \"opposite\" — adverbial preposition governing Ὀδυσσῆος."},{"surface":"ἷζεν","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀντίον","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"θείοιο","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεῖος \"divine\" as a stock epithet applied to heroes, not just gods."}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b5-l199","source":"τῇ δὲ παρʼ ἀμβροσίην δμῳαὶ καὶ νέκταρ ἔθηκαν.","translation":"and beside her the handmaids set ambrosia and nectar.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of παρ᾽","gloss":"beside her"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ambrosia","note":"ἀμβροσίη, the gods' food — eaten here alongside νέκταρ, marking Calypso's divine table."},{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκαν","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέκταρ","lemma":"νέκταρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"nectar"},{"surface":"ἔθηκαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set out"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b5-l200","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.","translation":"They put forth their hands to the good things laid ready before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὀνείαθ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"good things","note":"ὄνειαρ \"thing of profit/food\" — poetic word for provisions, root sense \"benefit.\""},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"προκείμενα","lemma":"πρόκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"lying before"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put forth","note":"ἴαλλον \"sent/threw\" — vivid verb for reaching toward food, lit. \"they shot their hands.\""}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b5-l201","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάρπησαν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος,","translation":"But when they had taken their fill of food and drink,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τάρπησαν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had their fill","note":"τάρπησαν, aorist passive of τέρπω \"delight\" — here \"were satisfied/took their fill of.\""},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποτῆτος","lemma":"ποτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"drink"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b5-l202","source":"τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων·","translation":"then Calypso, shining among goddesses, began to speak:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μύθων","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began","note":"ἄρχω + gen. \"begin (speech)\" — μύθων ἦρχε is a Homeric formula for opening a speech."},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses","note":"δῖα θεάων, a formulaic epithet phrase \"shining one among goddesses\" recurring for divine women."}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b5-l203","source":"διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ,","translation":"Zeus-born son of Laertes, resourceful Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὲς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"vocative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies Λαερτιάδη","gloss":"Zeus-born","note":"διογενής \"sprung from Zeus\" — honorific epithet, not literal descent, applied to great heroes."},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδη","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"πολυμήχαν","lemma":"πολυμήχανος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεῦ","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολυμήχανος \"of many devices\" — standard epithet for Odysseus, his cleverness."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b5-l204","source":"οὕτω δὴ οἶκόνδε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν","translation":"so you wish to go now, at once, to your home","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεις","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἶκόνδε","lemma":"οἶκόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"homeward","note":"οἶκόνδε, the directional suffix -δε \"to/toward\" attached to a noun instead of a preposition."},{"surface":"φίλην","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b5-l205","source":"αὐτίκα νῦν ἐθέλεις ἰέναι; σὺ δὲ χαῖρε καὶ ἔμπης.","translation":"and your dear native land? Even so, fare you well.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"to go","note":"ἰέναι, present infinitive of εἶμι (go), an athematic verb often doing duty as future \"to go.\""},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of χαῖρε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fare well","note":"χαῖρε, imperative farewell greeting, lit. \"rejoice\" — Calypso's bittersweet goodbye."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἔμπης","lemma":"ἔμπας","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"so"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b5-l206","source":"εἴ γε μὲν εἰδείης σῇσι φρεσὶν ὅσσα τοι αἶσα","translation":"Yet if you knew in your heart how many sorrows","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"εἰδείης","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you knew","note":"εἰδείης, perfect optative of οἶδα used as present \"knew\" — potential/wish construction with εἴ."},{"surface":"σῇσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to εἰδείης","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδε᾽","gloss":"how many"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies αἶσα","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b5-l207","source":"κήδεʼ ἀναπλῆσαι, πρὶν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι,","translation":"it is your destiny to fill up before you reach your native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀναπλῆσαι","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"ἀναπλῆσαι","lemma":"ἀναπίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to fill up","note":"ἀναπίμπλημι \"fill up/fulfill\" — fate metaphor: sorrows as a measure to be filled before homecoming."},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"reach"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b5-l208","source":"ἐνθάδε κʼ αὖθι μένων σὺν ἐμοὶ τόδε δῶμα φυλάσσοις","translation":"you would stay right here with me and keep this house","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένων","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένων","gloss":"right here"},{"surface":"μένων","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"remaining","note":"μένων, participle governing ἐνθάδε αὖθι — \"remaining right here,\" reinforcing the offer to stay."},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φυλάσσοις","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"φυλάσσοις","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would keep","note":"φυλάσσοις, optative with κε — a polite/hypothetical \"you would guard/keep\" (Calypso's offer of immortality)."}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b5-l209","source":"ἀθάνατός τʼ εἴης, ἱμειρόμενός περ ἰδέσθαι","translation":"and be immortal, however much you long to see","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθάνατός","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴης","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would be"},{"surface":"ἱμειρόμενός","lemma":"ἱμείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"longing","note":"ἱμείρω middle participle \"yearning\" — concessive force with περ, \"however much you long.\""},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἱμειρόμενός","gloss":"to see"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b5-l210","source":"σὴν ἄλοχον, τῆς τʼ αἰὲν ἐέλδεαι ἤματα πάντα.","translation":"your wife, for whom you yearn each and every day.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἄλοχον","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐέλδεαι","gloss":"for whom"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐέλδεαι","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἐέλδεαι","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλοχον","gloss":"you yearn","note":"ἐέλδεαι, uncontracted epic middle form of ἔλδομαι \"yearn/long for.\""},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐέλδεαι","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b5-l211","source":"οὐ μέν θην κείνης γε χερείων εὔχομαι εἶναι,","translation":"Yet I claim to be in no way inferior to her,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θην","lemma":"θήν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"κείνης","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερείων","gloss":"than her"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"χερείων","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"inferior","note":"χερείων, irregular comparative \"worse\" (no positive-degree adjective) — Calypso's rivalry claim vs. Penelope."},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I claim"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b5-l212","source":"οὐ δέμας οὐδὲ φυήν, ἐπεὶ οὔ πως οὐδὲ ἔοικεν","translation":"neither in body nor in stature, since it is not fitting at all","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"in body"},{"surface":"φυήν","lemma":"φυή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"in stature"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔοικεν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἔοικεν","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is fitting"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b5-l213","source":"θνητὰς ἀθανάτῃσι δέμας καὶ εἶδος ἐρίζειν.","translation":"for mortal women to vie with immortals in body and form.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l213.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θνητὰς ἀθανάτῃσι","title":"Mortal vs. immortal, by case","body":"thnetas (accusative subject of the infinitive) is set against athanatesi (dative, 'with immortals'), the syntax itself pairing the contrast of mortal and deathless."}],"words":[{"surface":"θνητὰς","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἐρίζειν","gloss":"mortal women","note":"θνητάς, plural generalizing the singular comparison — mortal women as a class vs. goddesses."},{"surface":"ἀθανάτῃσι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐρίζειν","gloss":"with immortals"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in body"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"ἐρίζειν","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἔοικεν","gloss":"to rival"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b5-l214","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then in answer resourceful Odysseus addressed her:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις \"of many counsels/wiles,\" Odysseus's defining Homeric epithet, paired with his name."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b5-l215","source":"πότνα θεά, μή μοι τόδε χώεο· οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς","translation":"Lady goddess, do not be angry with me over this. I myself know","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πότνα","lemma":"πότνα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies θεά","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of χώεο","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of χώεο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"χώεο","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"be angry","note":"χώεο, present imperative of χώομαι \"be angry\" — negative command μή + imperative, softened diplomacy."},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b5-l216","source":"πάντα μάλʼ, οὕνεκα σεῖο περίφρων Πηνελόπεια","translation":"all of it well, that prudent Penelope is","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to οἶδα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"σεῖο","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἀκιδνοτέρη","gloss":"than you"},{"surface":"περίφρων","lemma":"περίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Πηνελόπεια","gloss":"prudent","note":"περίφρων \"very thoughtful\" — recurring epithet fixed to Penelope, marking her wisdom."},{"surface":"Πηνελόπεια","lemma":"Πηνελόπεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Penelope"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b5-l217","source":"εἶδος ἀκιδνοτέρη μέγεθός τʼ εἰσάντα ἰδέσθαι·","translation":"less impressive than you in looks and stature to behold;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in looks"},{"surface":"ἀκιδνοτέρη","lemma":"ἀκιδνός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"less impressive","note":"ἀκιδνοτέρη, comparative of a rare adjective ἀκιδνός \"weak/slight\" — used only here of physical stature."},{"surface":"μέγεθός","lemma":"μέγεθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in stature"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰσάντα","lemma":"εἰσάντα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"face to face"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies ἀκιδνοτέρη","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b5-l218","source":"ἡ μὲν γὰρ βροτός ἐστι, σὺ δʼ ἀθάνατος καὶ ἀγήρως.","translation":"for she is a mortal, while you are immortal and ageless.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"βροτός","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀθάνατος","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγήρως","lemma":"ἀγήραος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ageless","note":"ἀγήραος \"not aging\" — paired with ἀθάνατος, the standard divine-privilege pair immortal+ageless."}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b5-l219","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὣς ἐθέλω καὶ ἐέλδομαι ἤματα πάντα","translation":"But even so I wish and long, each and every day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wish"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐέλδομαι","lemma":"ἔλδομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I long","note":"ἐέλδομαι echoing l210's ἐέλδεαι — Odysseus mirrors Calypso's own verb for his longing for home."},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b5-l220","source":"οἴκαδέ τʼ ἐλθέμεναι καὶ νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι.","translation":"to go home and to see the day of my return.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l220.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστιμον ἦμαρ","title":"The day of return","body":"nostimon emar, 'the day of homecoming', is a recurring Odyssean phrase fusing nostos (return) with the longed-for day it arrives."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδέ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθέμεναι","gloss":"homeward","note":"οἴκαδε, directional adverb \"to home\" — paired with οἶκόνδε in l204, two epic ways to say \"homeward.\""},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόστιμον","lemma":"νόστιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"day of return","note":"νόστιμον ἦμαρ, formulaic phrase \"day of homecoming\" — root of νόστος, the poem's central theme."},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to see"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b5-l221","source":"εἰ δʼ αὖ τις ῥαίῃσι θεῶν ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ,","translation":"But if some god should wreck me on the wine-dark sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ῥαίῃσι","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ῥαίῃσι","lemma":"ῥαίω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"should wreck","note":"ῥαίῃσι, subjunctive of ῥαίω \"shatter/wreck\" — Odysseus voices the future shipwreck he'll actually suffer soon."},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"οἴνοπι","lemma":"οἶνοψ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"wine-dark","note":"οἶνοψ \"wine-faced/wine-dark\" — famous Homeric color epithet for the sea."},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b5-l222","source":"τλήσομαι ἐν στήθεσσιν ἔχων ταλαπενθέα θυμόν·","translation":"I will endure it, holding in my breast a heart that bears up under grief;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l222.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ταλαπενθέα","title":"Grief-enduring heart","body":"ταλαπενθής combines 'enduring' (tala-) and 'grief' (penthos), a compound epithet for Odysseus' resilient spirit. It echoes his standing title 'much-enduring' (πολύτλας)."}],"words":[{"surface":"τλήσομαι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will endure","note":"τλήσομαι, future of τλάω \"endure/bear\" — Odysseus's core virtue, endurance, named directly."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τλήσομαι","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"ταλαπενθέα","lemma":"ταλαπενθής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"grief-enduring","note":"ταλαπενθής \"suffering-enduring\" — rare compound adjective built on the same root as τλήσομαι."},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b5-l223","source":"ἤδη γὰρ μάλα πολλὰ πάθον καὶ πολλὰ μόγησα","translation":"for already I have suffered much and toiled through much","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πάθον","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"πάθον","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I suffered"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μόγησα","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"μόγησα","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I toiled"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b5-l224","source":"κύμασι καὶ πολέμῳ· μετὰ καὶ τόδε τοῖσι γενέσθω.","translation":"on the waves and in war; let this too be added to those.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύμασι","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"on waves"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολέμῳ","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in war"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of γενέσθω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"to those"},{"surface":"γενέσθω","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let it be added","note":"γενέσθω, 3rd-sg. imperative of γίγνομαι \"let it happen/become\" — a resigned self-command to add this new trial."}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b5-l225","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἠέλιος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας\n                  ἦλθεν·","translation":"So he spoke, and the sun set and darkness came on;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδυ","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔδυ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set","note":"ἔδυ, root aorist of δύω \"sink/set\" — vivid, simple verb for sunset marking scene transition."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b5-l226","source":"ἐλθόντες δʼ ἄρα τώ γε μυχῷ σπείους γλαφυροῖο","translation":"and the two of them, going into the inmost recess of the hollow cave,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τερπέσθην","gloss":"going","note":"Aorist participle 'having gone'; sets the scene before the main verb τερπέσθην in the next line."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τερπέσθην","gloss":"the two of them","note":"Dual number τώ — Greek's special form for exactly two, here Odysseus and Calypso."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μυχῷ","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τερπέσθην","gloss":"recess"},{"surface":"σπείους","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μυχῷ","gloss":"of the cave"},{"surface":"γλαφυροῖο","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπείους","gloss":"hollow"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b5-l227","source":"τερπέσθην φιλότητι, παρʼ ἀλλήλοισι μένοντες.","translation":"took their pleasure in love, remaining beside each other.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τερπέσθην","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took pleasure","note":"Dual verb ending (-σθην) matching τώ γε in line 226 — both subjects act as one paired unit."},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τερπέσθην","gloss":"in love"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of παρ᾽","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"μένοντες","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τερπέσθην","gloss":"remaining"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b5-l228","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"And when early-born rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when","note":"ἦμος...δέ is an epic temporal formula, 'now when', opening many dawn scenes in Homer."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"Stock Homeric epithet for Dawn, ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς — a fixed formula filling the line's end."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b5-l229","source":"αὐτίχʼ ὁ μὲν χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε ἕννυτʼ Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"at once Odysseus put on his cloak and tunic,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίχ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕννυτ᾽","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on his part"},{"surface":"χλαῖνάν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνά","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕννυτ","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on","note":"Middle voice ἕννυτ(ο) — 'clothed himself', dressing done for one's own body."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕννυτ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b5-l230","source":"αὐτὴ δʼ ἀργύφεον φᾶρος μέγα ἕννυτο νύμφη,","translation":"and the nymph herself put on a great silvery-white robe,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργύφεον","lemma":"ἀργύφεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"silvery-white"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕννυτο","gloss":"robe"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἕννυτο","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put on","note":"Same middle-voice verb as ἕννυτ᾽ above, mirroring the parallel dressing scene of Calypso."},{"surface":"νύμφη","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕννυτο","gloss":"the nymph"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b5-l231","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ χαρίεν, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετʼ ἰξυῖ","translation":"fine and graceful, and around her waist she cast a belt,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεπτὸν","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χαρίεν","lemma":"χαρίες","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"graceful"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζώνην","lemma":"ζώνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλετ᾽","gloss":"belt"},{"surface":"βάλετ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cast","note":"περὶ...βάλετ᾽ is tmesis — the preposition περί is split off from its compound verb περιβάλλω, common in Homer."},{"surface":"ἰξυῖ","lemma":"ἰξύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of βάλετ᾽","gloss":"around her waist"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b5-l232","source":"καλὴν χρυσείην, κεφαλῇ δʼ ἐφύπερθε καλύπτρην.","translation":"beautiful and golden, and over her head a veil.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ζώνην","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"χρυσείην","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ζώνην","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"on her head"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφύπερθε","lemma":"ἐφύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"above","note":"ἐφύπερθε ('above/on top') is an adverb modifying an implied verb of placing carried over from ἕννυτο in the previous clause; καλύπτρην is the object of that implied verb, not of the adverb itself."},{"surface":"καλύπτρην","lemma":"καλύπτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"veil"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b5-l233","source":"καὶ τότʼ Ὀδυσσῆι μεγαλήτορι μήδετο πομπήν·","translation":"And then she set about planning the sending of great-hearted Odysseus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μήδετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆι","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μήδετο","gloss":"for Odysseus"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορι","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆι","gloss":"great-hearted","note":"Standard heroic epithet μεγαλήτωρ, 'great of heart', dative agreeing with Ὀδυσσῆι."},{"surface":"μήδετο","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planned"},{"surface":"πομπήν","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μήδετο","gloss":"sending"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b5-l234","source":"δῶκέν οἱ πέλεκυν μέγαν, ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃσι,","translation":"She gave him a great axe, well fitted to his palms,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκέν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκέν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πέλεκυν","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκέν","gloss":"axe"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἄρμενον","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"well-fitted","note":"Aorist middle participle of ἀραρίσκω, 'fitted', describing how snugly the axe sits in the hand."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"παλάμῃσι","lemma":"παλάμη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"palms"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b5-l235","source":"χάλκεον, ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἀκαχμένον· αὐτὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ","translation":"of bronze, sharpened on both sides; and set in it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χάλκεον","lemma":"χάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"of bronze"},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","lemma":"ἀμφοτέρωθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀκαχμένον","gloss":"on both sides"},{"surface":"ἀκαχμένον","lemma":"ἀκαχμένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"sharpened","note":"Perfect passive participle ἀκαχμένος, 'having been sharpened' — a durable finished state, typical of Homeric craft descriptions."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b5-l236","source":"στειλειὸν περικαλλὲς ἐλάινον, εὖ ἐναρηρός·","translation":"was a beautiful handle of olive-wood, firmly fixed;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στειλειὸν","lemma":"στειλειόν","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"handle"},{"surface":"περικαλλὲς","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"ἐλάινον","lemma":"ἐλάινος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"olive-wood"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐναρηρός","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ἐναρηρός","lemma":"ἐναραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"modifies στειλειὸν","gloss":"fixed","note":"Perfect participle ἐναρηρός, 'firmly fitted in' — same root as ἀραρὼν, a recurring Homeric carpentry verb."}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b5-l237","source":"δῶκε δʼ ἔπειτα σκέπαρνον ἐύξοον· ἦρχε δʼ ὁδοῖο","translation":"then she gave him a well-polished adze; and she led the way","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σκέπαρνον","lemma":"σκέπαρνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"adze"},{"surface":"ἐύξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σκέπαρνον","gloss":"well-polished"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁδοῖο","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"the way","note":"Genitive with ἦρχε, 'led/began of the road' — Greek verbs of leading/ruling often take a genitive object."}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b5-l238","source":"νήσου ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῆς, ὅθι δένδρεα μακρὰ πεφύκει,","translation":"to the far edge of the island, where tall trees were growing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήσου","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐσχατιῆς","gloss":"of the island"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἐσχατιῆς","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"far edge"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δένδρεα","lemma":"δένδρεον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δένδρεα","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"πεφύκει","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"were growing","note":"Pluperfect πεφύκει used with present force, 'stood grown' — common in Homer for a lasting natural state."}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b5-l239","source":"κλήθρη τʼ αἴγειρός τʼ, ἐλάτη τʼ ἦν οὐρανομήκης,","translation":"alder and poplar, and fir that reached to the sky,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλήθρη","lemma":"κλήθρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"alder"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴγειρός","lemma":"αἴγειρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"poplar"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλάτη","lemma":"ἐλάτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"fir"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"was","note":"Chain of three τε...τε...τε links the tree names, a typical epic list construction."},{"surface":"οὐρανομήκης","lemma":"οὐρανομήκης","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλάτη","gloss":"sky-tall"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b5-l240","source":"αὖα πάλαι, περίκηλα, τά οἱ πλώοιεν ἐλαφρῶς.","translation":"long dry, thoroughly seasoned, that would sail light for him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖα","lemma":"αὖος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"πάλαι","lemma":"πάλαι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"long since"},{"surface":"περίκηλα","lemma":"περίκηλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"well-seasoned"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of πλώοιεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to πλώοιεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πλώοιεν","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"would sail","note":"Optative πλώοιεν expresses purpose/potential — 'such as would sail light for him', a future-oriented wish nuance."},{"surface":"ἐλαφρῶς","lemma":"ἐλαφρός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλώοιεν","gloss":"lightly"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b5-l241","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ δεῖξʼ, ὅθι δένδρεα μακρὰ πεφύκει,","translation":"But when she had shown him where the tall trees grew,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δεῖξ","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πεφύκει","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δένδρεα","lemma":"δένδρεον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of πεφύκει","gloss":"trees"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δένδρεα","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"πεφύκει","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δεῖξ᾽","gloss":"were growing","note":"Repeats line 238 verbatim — a Homeric formulaic repetition rather than new phrasing."}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b5-l242","source":"ἡ μὲν ἔβη πρὸς δῶμα Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων,","translation":"Calypso, fair among goddesses, went back to her home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on her part"},{"surface":"ἔβη","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"home"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"fair","note":"δῖα θεάων, 'shining among goddesses', a fixed epithet formula for Calypso, repeated in line 246."},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b5-l243","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ τάμνετο δοῦρα· θοῶς δέ οἱ ἤνυτο ἔργον.","translation":"while he cut the beams; and swiftly the work was done for him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τάμνετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"τάμνετο","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut","note":"Middle voice τάμνετο, 'cut for himself' — Odysseus working for his own escape."},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τάμνετο","gloss":"beams"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾔνυτο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔργον","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἤνυτο","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was done"},{"surface":"ἔργον","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ᾔνυτο","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b5-l244","source":"εἴκοσι δʼ ἔκβαλε πάντα, πελέκκησεν δʼ ἄρα χαλκῷ,","translation":"He felled twenty in all, and trimmed them with the bronze,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of ἔκβαλε","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκβαλε","lemma":"ἐκβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"felled"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔκβαλε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πελέκκησεν","lemma":"πελεκάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"trimmed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πελέκκησεν","gloss":"with bronze","note":"Instrumental dative χαλκῷ, 'bronze' standing for the axe-blade — metonymy for the tool itself."}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b5-l245","source":"ξέσσε δʼ ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν.","translation":"and planed them skillfully, and made them straight to the line.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l245.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν","title":"Straight to the line","body":"στάθμη is the carpenter's chalked measuring-line; ἴθυνεν means he made the timbers true to it. The detail underscores Odysseus' practical craftsmanship."}],"words":[{"surface":"ξέσσε","lemma":"ξέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπισταμένως","lemma":"ἐπισταμένως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξέσσε","gloss":"skillfully"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"στάθμην","lemma":"στάθμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the line"},{"surface":"ἴθυνεν","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made straight"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b5-l246","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἔνεικε τέρετρα Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων·","translation":"Meanwhile Calypso, fair among goddesses, brought augers;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνεικε","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνεικε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"τέρετρα","lemma":"τέρετρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔνεικε","gloss":"augers"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b5-l247","source":"τέτρηνεν δʼ ἄρα πάντα καὶ ἥρμοσεν ἀλλήλοισιν,","translation":"and he bored through all the pieces and fitted them to one another,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέτρηνεν","lemma":"τετραίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bored through","note":"τετραίνω, 'to drill/pierce' — technical carpentry vocabulary rare outside this shipbuilding scene."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τέτρηνεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥρμοσεν","lemma":"ἁρμόζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitted"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἥρμοσεν","gloss":"to one another"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b5-l248","source":"γόμφοισιν δʼ ἄρα τήν γε καὶ ἁρμονίῃσιν ἄρασσεν.","translation":"and with pegs and joints he hammered the raft together.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γόμφοισιν","lemma":"γόμφος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with pegs"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἄρασσεν","gloss":"it","note":"τήν γε refers back to the raft (σχεδίην), anticipated before its noun even appears, in line 251."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁρμονίῃσιν","lemma":"ἁρμονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with joints"},{"surface":"ἄρασσεν","lemma":"ἀράσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hammered together"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b5-l249","source":"ὅσσον τίς τʼ ἔδαφος νηὸς τορνώσεται ἀνὴρ","translation":"As wide as a man marks out the floor of a ship,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τορνώσεται","gloss":"as wide as"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔδαφος","lemma":"ἔδαφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τορνώσεται","gloss":"floor"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἔδαφος","gloss":"of a ship"},{"surface":"τορνώσεται","lemma":"τορνόομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τόσσον","gloss":"marks out","note":"Simile comparing Odysseus's raft-building to a professional shipwright laying a merchant vessel's keel."},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τορνώσεται","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b5-l250","source":"φορτίδος εὐρείης, ἐὺ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων,","translation":"a broad freighter, one well skilled in carpentry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φορτίδος","lemma":"φορτίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"of a freighter"},{"surface":"εὐρείης","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδὼς","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδὼς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"skilled","note":"Perfect participle εἰδώς, 'knowing' — used with genitive τεκτοσυνάων, 'skilled in carpentry'."},{"surface":"τεκτοσυνάων","lemma":"τεκτοσύνη","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰδὼς","gloss":"in carpentry"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b5-l251","source":"τόσσον ἔπʼ εὐρεῖαν σχεδίην ποιήσατʼ Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"so broad did Odysseus make his raft.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ποιήσατ᾽","gloss":"so wide"},{"surface":"ἔπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εὐρεῖαν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"complement of ποιήσατ᾽","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"σχεδίην","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποιήσατ᾽","gloss":"raft","note":"σχεδίη, 'raft' — the noun that τήν γε in line 248 already referred to in advance."},{"surface":"ποιήσατ","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποιήσατ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b5-l252","source":"ἴκρια δὲ στήσας, ἀραρὼν θαμέσι σταμίνεσσι,","translation":"He set up the deck-planks, fitting them to close-set ribs,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἴκρια","lemma":"ἴκρια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of στήσας","gloss":"deck-planks"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στήσας","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ποίει","gloss":"setting up"},{"surface":"ἀραρὼν","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ποίει","gloss":"fitting","note":"Second aorist participle of ἀραρίσκω again — the poem's recurring 'fit together' verb for skilled joinery."},{"surface":"θαμέσι","lemma":"θαμέες","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σταμίνεσσι","gloss":"close-set"},{"surface":"σταμίνεσσι","lemma":"σταμίνες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀραρὼν","gloss":"ribs"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b5-l253","source":"ποίει· ἀτὰρ μακρῇσιν ἐπηγκενίδεσσι τελεύτα.","translation":"and worked on; and he finished it off with long gunwales.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποίει","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he worked"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μακρῇσιν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐπηγκενίδεσσι","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἐπηγκενίδεσσι","lemma":"ἐπηγκενίδες","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τελεύτα","gloss":"gunwales"},{"surface":"τελεύτα","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"finished off"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b5-l254","source":"ἐν δʼ ἱστὸν ποίει καὶ ἐπίκριον ἄρμενον αὐτῷ·","translation":"In it he made a mast and a yard-arm fitted to it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a mast"},{"surface":"ποίει","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he made","note":"imperfect ποίει: durative 'was making', craftsman-at-work sense"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκριον","lemma":"ἐπίκριον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a yard-arm"},{"surface":"ἄρμενον","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"modifies ἐπίκριον","gloss":"fitted","note":"ἀραρίσκω 'to fit, join'; ἄρμενον = 'fitted, joined', common shipbuilding formula"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἄρμενον","gloss":"to it"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b5-l255","source":"πρὸς δʼ ἄρα πηδάλιον ποιήσατο, ὄφρʼ ἰθύνοι.","translation":"and besides he made a steering-oar, to steer her with.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"besides"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πηδάλιον","lemma":"πηδάλιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποιήσατο","gloss":"a steering-oar"},{"surface":"ποιήσατο","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he made"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἰθύνοι","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"he might steer","note":"optative ἰθύνοι after ὄφρα: purpose clause, 'so he could steer'"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b5-l256","source":"φράξε δέ μιν ῥίπεσσι διαμπερὲς οἰσυΐνῃσι","translation":"He fenced it from end to end with willow wickerwork","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φράξε","lemma":"φράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he fenced","note":"φράξε: aorist, 'walled/fenced' the raft's sides"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φράξε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ῥίπεσσι","lemma":"ῥίψ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φράξε","gloss":"with wickerwork"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φράξε","gloss":"end to end","note":"διαμπερές, adverb 'right through', epic formula for thoroughness"},{"surface":"οἰσυΐνῃσι","lemma":"οἰσύινος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥίπεσσι","gloss":"of willow"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b5-l257","source":"κύματος εἶλαρ ἔμεν· πολλὴν δʼ ἐπεχεύατο ὕλην.","translation":"to be a defense against the wave; and he piled on much brush.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύματος","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies εἶλαρ","gloss":"of the wave"},{"surface":"εἶλαρ","lemma":"εἶλαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a defense"},{"surface":"ἔμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to φράξε","gloss":"to be","note":"ἔμεν: epic infinitive of εἰμί (=εἶναι), purpose after φράξε"},{"surface":"πολλὴν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλην","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεχεύατο","lemma":"ἐπιχέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he piled on"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεχεύατο","gloss":"brush"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b5-l258","source":"τόφρα δὲ φάρεʼ ἔνεικε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων,","translation":"Meanwhile Calypso, fair among goddesses, brought cloth","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔνεικε","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φάρε","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔνεικε","gloss":"cloth"},{"surface":"ἔνεικε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she brought","note":"ἔνεικε: root-aorist of φέρω, 'carried/brought'"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"shining","note":"δῖα θεάων: fixed epic epithet 'bright among goddesses'"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b5-l259","source":"ἱστία ποιήσασθαι· ὁ δʼ εὖ τεχνήσατο καὶ τά.","translation":"to make sails; and these too he fashioned well.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ποιήσασθαι","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"ποιήσασθαι","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔνεικε","gloss":"to make"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τεχνήσατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεχνήσατο","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"τεχνήσατο","lemma":"τεχνάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he fashioned","note":"τεχνάομαι: 'worked skillfully', root of τέχνη, craft language"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of τεχνήσατο","gloss":"these"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b5-l260","source":"ἐν δʼ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τʼ ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ,","translation":"And he bound in it the braces and halyards and sheets,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπέρας","lemma":"ὑπέρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"braces","note":"ὑπέρας: rigging term, ropes controlling the yard-arm"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάλους","lemma":"κάλως","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"halyards"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόδας","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"sheets"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνέδησεν","lemma":"ἐνδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he bound in"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b5-l261","source":"μοχλοῖσιν δʼ ἄρα τήν γε κατείρυσεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν.","translation":"and with levers he hauled her down into the bright sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μοχλοῖσιν","lemma":"μοχλός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατείρυσεν","gloss":"with levers"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κατείρυσεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κατείρυσεν","lemma":"κατερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he hauled down","note":"κατερύω: 'drag down', standard verb for launching a ship into the sea"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b5-l262","source":"τέτρατον ἦμαρ ἔην, καὶ τῷ τετέλεστο ἅπαντα·","translation":"It was the fourth day, and by then everything was finished;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέτρατον","lemma":"τέτρατος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"the fourth"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it was","note":"ἔην: epic imperfect of εἰμί (=ἦν)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἅπαντα","gloss":"by then"},{"surface":"τετέλεστο","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was finished","note":"pluperfect τετέλεστο: 'had been completed', stresses the state already reached"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τετέλεστο","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b5-l263","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρα πέμπτῳ πέμπʼ ἀπὸ νήσου δῖα Καλυψώ,","translation":"and on the fifth, fair Calypso sent him from the island,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine article","role":"modifies πέμπτῳ","gloss":"on the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πέμπτῳ","lemma":"πέμπτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πέμπ᾽","gloss":"fifth day"},{"surface":"πέμπ","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she sent","note":"πέμπ(ε): elided imperfect of πέμπω, 'was sending him off'"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νήσου","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καλυψώ","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πέμπ᾽","gloss":"Calypso"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b5-l264","source":"εἵματά τʼ ἀμφιέσασα θυώδεα καὶ λούσασα.","translation":"after she had clothed him in fragrant garments and bathed him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματά","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφιέσασα","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέσασα","lemma":"ἀμφιάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having clothed him","note":"aorist participle: action completed before main verb λούσασα/πέμπ᾽"},{"surface":"θυώδεα","lemma":"θυώδης","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματά","gloss":"fragrant"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λούσασα","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"having bathed him"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b5-l265","source":"ἐν δέ οἱ ἀσκὸν ἔθηκε θεὰ μέλανος οἴνοιο","translation":"And the goddess put on board for him a skin of dark wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on board"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἀσκὸν","lemma":"ἀσκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"a wineskin"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she put","note":"ἔθηκε: aorist of τίθημι, 'placed/set'"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνοιο","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀσκὸν","gloss":"of wine"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b5-l266","source":"τὸν ἕτερον, ἕτερον δʼ ὕδατος μέγαν, ἐν δὲ καὶ ᾖα","translation":"one of them, and another large one of water, and provisions too","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ἀσκὸν","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"ἕτερον","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσκὸν","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"ἕτερον","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕδατος","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἕτερον","gloss":"of water"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕτερον","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ᾖα","lemma":"ἤια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"provisions","note":"ᾖα: rare epic noun for travel-food, appears mostly in formulaic voyage scenes"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b5-l267","source":"κωρύκῳ· ἐν δέ οἱ ὄψα τίθει μενοεικέα πολλά·","translation":"in a sack; and she set many tasty foods in it to his liking;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κωρύκῳ","lemma":"κώρυκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"in a sack"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ὄψα","lemma":"ὄψος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"foods"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she set","note":"imperfect τίθει beside aorist ἔθηκε (l265): mixed aspect, ongoing provisioning"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄψα","gloss":"tasty","note":"μενοεικής lit. 'pleasing to the heart', epic epithet for appetizing food"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄψα","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b5-l268","source":"οὖρον δὲ προέηκεν ἀπήμονά τε λιαρόν τε.","translation":"and she sent forth a fair wind, gentle and warm.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖρον","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προέηκεν","gloss":"a wind"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προέηκεν","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she sent forth"},{"surface":"ἀπήμονά","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"harmless"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λιαρόν","lemma":"λιαρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b5-l269","source":"γηθόσυνος δʼ οὔρῳ πέτασʼ ἱστία δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"Rejoicing in the wind, noble Odysseus spread his sails.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γηθόσυνος","lemma":"γηθόσυνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to πέτασ᾽","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔρῳ","lemma":"οὖρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέτασ᾽","gloss":"in the wind"},{"surface":"πέτασ","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spread","note":"πέτασ(ε): aorist of πετάννυμι, 'spread out' the sails"},{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πέτασ᾽","gloss":"the sails"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέτασ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b5-l270","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ πηδαλίῳ ἰθύνετο τεχνηέντως","translation":"And he steered with the steering-oar skillfully,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰθύνετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"πηδαλίῳ","lemma":"πηδάλιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἰθύνετο","gloss":"with the steering-oar"},{"surface":"ἰθύνετο","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he steered","note":"middle voice ἰθύνετο: 'steered (for himself)', reflexive nuance of piloting"},{"surface":"τεχνηέντως","lemma":"τεχνήεις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰθύνετο","gloss":"skillfully"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b5-l271","source":"ἥμενος, οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἔπιπτεν","translation":"sitting there, and sleep did not fall upon his eyelids","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἰθύνετο","gloss":"sitting","note":"ἥμενος: perfect participle of ἧμαι, describes a settled, ongoing posture"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπιπτεν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔπιπτεν","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισιν","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἔπιπτεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell","note":"ἔπιπτεν: imperfect 'was falling'; negated by οὐδέ earlier in the clause, giving 'did not fall'"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b5-l272","source":"Πληιάδας τʼ ἐσορῶντι καὶ ὀψὲ δύοντα Βοώτην","translation":"as he watched the Pleiades and late-setting Boötes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πληιάδας","lemma":"Πλειάδες","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"the Pleiades"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσορῶντι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"watching"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δύοντα","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"δύοντα","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Βοώτην","gloss":"setting","note":"δύοντα: present participle, 'as it sets', vivid ongoing star-motion"},{"surface":"Βοώτην","lemma":"Βοώτης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"Boötes"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b5-l273","source":"Ἄρκτον θʼ, ἣν καὶ ἄμαξαν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν,","translation":"and the Bear, which men also call by the name of the Wain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l273.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἄρκτον","lemma":"ἄρκτος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"the Bear","note":"Ἄρκτος = the constellation Ursa Major, called also the Wain (ἄμαξα)"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἣν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of καλέουσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄμαξαν","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"complement of καλέουσιν","gloss":"the Wain"},{"surface":"ἐπίκλησιν","lemma":"ἐπίκλησις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καλέουσιν","gloss":"by name"},{"surface":"καλέουσιν","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἄρκτον","gloss":"men call"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b5-l274","source":"ἥ τʼ αὐτοῦ στρέφεται καί τʼ Ὠρίωνα δοκεύει,","translation":"which turns round in place and keeps watch on Orion,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στρέφεται","gloss":"in place","note":"αὐτοῦ adverb 'right there', describing the Bear's circumpolar turning"},{"surface":"στρέφεται","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ὠρίωνα","lemma":"Ὠρίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δοκεύει","gloss":"Orion"},{"surface":"δοκεύει","lemma":"δοκεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"watches","note":"δοκεύει: 'keeps watch on/stalks', vivid verb for the constellation's vigilance"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b5-l275","source":"οἴη δʼ ἄμμορός ἐστι λοετρῶν Ὠκεανοῖο·","translation":"and alone has no share in the baths of Ocean.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"οἴη: feminine 'alone', famous detail—the Bear never sets, so never bathes in Ocean"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμμορός","lemma":"ἄμμορος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"without share"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"λοετρῶν","lemma":"λουτρόν","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἄμμορός","gloss":"of baths"},{"surface":"Ὠκεανοῖο","lemma":"Ὠκεανός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λοετρῶν","gloss":"of Ocean"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b5-l276","source":"τὴν γὰρ δή μιν ἄνωγε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων,","translation":"For Calypso, fair among goddesses, had told him","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ποντοπορευέμεναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄνωγε","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had told","note":"ἄνωγα: perfect-form verb with present/imperfect sense, 'commanded/bade'"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"shining"},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"among goddesses"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b5-l277","source":"ποντοπορευέμεναι ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ χειρὸς ἔχοντα.","translation":"to keep it on his left hand as he sailed the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποντοπορευέμεναι","lemma":"ποντοπορεύω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγε","gloss":"to sail","note":"ποντοπορεύω: 'travel over the sea', compound built from πόντος + πόρος"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἀριστερὰ","lemma":"ἀριστερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the left"},{"surface":"χειρὸς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀριστερὰ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"keeping","note":"ἔχοντα: participle 'holding/keeping it', modifies Odysseus as he steers by the stars"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b5-l278","source":"ἑπτὰ δὲ καὶ δέκα μὲν πλέεν ἤματα ποντοπορεύων,","translation":"For seventeen days he sailed, voyaging over the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑπτὰ","lemma":"ἑπτά","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέκα","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"μέν anticipates a δέ-contrast; the eighteenth-day arrival follows"},{"surface":"πλέεν","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sailed"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πλέεν","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"ποντοπορεύων","lemma":"ποντοπορεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πλέεν","gloss":"voyaging"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b5-l279","source":"ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῃ δʼ ἐφάνη ὄρεα σκιόεντα","translation":"and on the eighteenth there appeared the shadowy mountains","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῃ","lemma":"ὀκτωκαιδέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐφάνη","gloss":"on the eighteenth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared","note":"ἐφάνη: aorist passive, 'was made visible/loomed into sight'"},{"surface":"ὄρεα","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐφάνη","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"σκιόεντα","lemma":"σκιόεις","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρεα","gloss":"shadowy"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b5-l280","source":"γαίης Φαιήκων, ὅθι τʼ ἄγχιστον πέλεν αὐτῷ·","translation":"of the land of the Phaeacians, where it lay nearest to him;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄρεα","gloss":"of the land"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλεν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄγχιστον","lemma":"ἄγχιστος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"πέλεν","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάνη","gloss":"it lay","note":"πέλεν: epic imperfect of πέλω, 'was/lay', poetic synonym for εἶναι"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄγχιστον","gloss":"to him"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b5-l281","source":"εἴσατο δʼ ὡς ὅτε ῥινὸν ἐν ἠεροειδέι πόντῳ.","translation":"and it showed like a shield on the misty sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσατο","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it looked","note":"εἴσατο: aorist middle of εἴδω, 'appeared/showed itself like'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥινὸν","lemma":"ῥινόν","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a shield","note":"ῥινόν lit. 'hide', here a leather shield—simile for the land seen far off"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδέι","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"misty"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b5-l282","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐξ Αἰθιόπων ἀνιὼν κρείων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"But the lord earth-shaker, returning from the Ethiopians,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l282.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐνοσίχθων","title":"Earth-shaker","body":"ἐνοσίχθων ('earth-shaker') is a standing epithet of Poseidon, god of the sea and of earthquakes. Homer uses it to introduce the god as he spots Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Αἰθιόπων","lemma":"Αἰθίοψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the Ethiopians"},{"surface":"ἀνιὼν","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"returning","note":"ἄνειμι 'go back/return', present participle describing Poseidon's actual ongoing journey home, contemporaneous with ἴδεν ('saw')."},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοσίχθων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴδεν","gloss":"earth-shaker","note":"Ἐνοσίχθων is Poseidon's cult-epithet 'earth-shaker', used as a proper name."}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b5-l283","source":"τηλόθεν ἐκ Σολύμων ὀρέων ἴδεν· εἴσατο γάρ οἱ","translation":"saw him from afar, from the mountains of the Solymi; for he came into view","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδεν","gloss":"from afar"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Σολύμων","lemma":"Σόλυμοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"the Solymi"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"εἴσατο","lemma":"εἴδω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came into view","note":"εἴσατο (root εἴδω) here means 'appeared/seemed', not 'saw' — same root as ἴδεν but middle voice, different sense."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴσατο","gloss":"to him"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b5-l284","source":"πόντον ἐπιπλώων. ὁ δʼ ἐχώσατο κηρόθι μᾶλλον,","translation":"as he sailed the sea. And Poseidon grew yet angrier in his heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιπλώων","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἐπιπλώων","lemma":"ἐπιπλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴσατο","gloss":"sailing over","note":"ἐπιπλέω 'sail upon' — nominative participle referring to the implied subject (Odysseus), describing him sailing as Poseidon caught sight of him."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐχώσατο","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew angry"},{"surface":"κηρόθι","lemma":"κηρόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχώσατο","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχώσατο","gloss":"more/yet more"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b5-l285","source":"κινήσας δὲ κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν·","translation":"and shaking his head he spoke to his own spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κινήσας","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μυθήσατο","gloss":"shaking","note":"κινήσας + κάρη 'shaking his head' is a stock gesture of anger/decision in Homer."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κινήσας","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός/ὅς is the possessive reflexive adjective 'his own', distinct from the article ὁ."},{"surface":"μυθήσατο","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b5-l286","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δὴ μετεβούλευσαν θεοὶ ἄλλως","translation":"\"Well now! Surely the gods have changed their plans about Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah!"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas","note":"ὢ πόποι is a formulaic exclamation of divine indignation, often opening a god's speech."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μετεβούλευσαν","lemma":"μεταβουλεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"changed plans"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μετεβούλευσαν","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετεβούλευσαν","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b5-l287","source":"ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆι ἐμεῖο μετʼ Αἰθιόπεσσιν ἐόντος,","translation":"while I was away among the Ethiopians;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"concerning"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆι","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐμεῖο","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐόντος","gloss":"I","note":"ἐμεῖο, genitive of ἐγώ, functions as subject of the genitive absolute-like participle ἐόντος."},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Αἰθιόπεσσιν","lemma":"Αἰθίοψ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the Ethiopians"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μετεβούλευσαν","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b5-l288","source":"καὶ δὴ Φαιήκων γαίης σχεδόν, ἔνθα οἱ αἶσα","translation":"and now he is near the land of the Phaeacians, where it is his fate","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l288.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἶσα","title":"Fate (aisa)","body":"αἶσα is one's allotted portion or destiny. Poseidon acknowledges even he cannot prevent the fated escape; he can only make the journey harder."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"now indeed"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"σχεδόν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies αἶσα","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fate","note":"αἶσα 'fate/lot' introduces the idea that escape is destined, not just possible."}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b5-l289","source":"ἐκφυγέειν μέγα πεῖραρ ὀιζύος, ἥ μιν ἱκάνει.","translation":"to escape the great extremity of the misery that has come upon him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκφυγέειν","lemma":"ἐκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to escape"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πεῖραρ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"πεῖραρ","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκφυγέειν","gloss":"limit","note":"πεῖραρ 'rope-end/limit' — vivid Homeric metaphor for the 'far edge' of suffering."},{"surface":"ὀιζύος","lemma":"ὀιζύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πεῖραρ","gloss":"of misery"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὀιζύος","gloss":"comes upon"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b5-l290","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι μέν μίν φημι ἅδην ἐλάαν κακότητος.","translation":"But still I think I can drive him to his fill of trouble yet.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλάαν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μίν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐλάαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"ἅδην","lemma":"ἅδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐλάαν","gloss":"fill/surfeit","note":"ἅδην 'to satiety' — rare word, pairs with κακότητος for 'his fill of trouble'."},{"surface":"ἐλάαν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to drive"},{"surface":"κακότητος","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἅδην","gloss":"of trouble"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b5-l291","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν σύναγεν νεφέλας, ἐτάραξε δὲ πόντον","translation":"So speaking, he gathered the clouds together, and stirred up the sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σύναγεν","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"σύναγεν","lemma":"συνάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"νεφέλας","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of σύναγεν","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"ἐτάραξε","lemma":"ταράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτάραξε","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b5-l292","source":"χερσὶ τρίαιναν ἑλών· πάσας δʼ ὀρόθυνεν ἀέλλας","translation":"gripping his trident in his hands; and he roused all the blasts","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλών","gloss":"with his hands"},{"surface":"τρίαιναν","lemma":"τρίαινα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἑλών","gloss":"trident"},{"surface":"ἑλών","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐτάραξε","gloss":"grasping","note":"ἑλών (αἱρέω aorist) 'having taken/grasped' — Poseidon seizing the trident, his signature weapon."},{"surface":"πάσας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀέλλας","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρόθυνεν","lemma":"ὀροθύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"ἀέλλας","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρόθυνεν","gloss":"storm-blasts"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b5-l293","source":"παντοίων ἀνέμων, σὺν δὲ νεφέεσσι κάλυψε","translation":"of winds of every kind, and shrouded with clouds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίων","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀέλλας","gloss":"of winds"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεφέεσσι","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κάλυψε","gloss":"with clouds"},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b5-l294","source":"γαῖαν ὁμοῦ καὶ πόντον· ὀρώρει δʼ οὐρανόθεν νύξ.","translation":"both land and sea alike; and night rushed down from heaven.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had risen","note":"ὀρώρει, pluperfect of ὄρνυμι, vividly personifies night 'rising up' from the sky."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρώρει","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b5-l295","source":"σὺν δʼ Εὖρός τε Νότος τʼ ἔπεσον Ζέφυρός τε δυσαὴς","translation":"Together fell the East Wind and the South, and the ill-blowing West,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Εὖρός","lemma":"Εὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the East Wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Νότος","lemma":"Νότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the South Wind"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπεσον","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell","note":"ἔπεσον 'fell' used of winds clashing together — a storm-topos naming all four winds."},{"surface":"Ζέφυρός","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the West Wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δυσαὴς","lemma":"δυσαής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ζέφυρός","gloss":"ill-blowing"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b5-l296","source":"καὶ Βορέης αἰθρηγενέτης, μέγα κῦμα κυλίνδων.","translation":"and the North Wind, born of clear sky, rolling a great wave before it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Βορέης","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the North Wind"},{"surface":"αἰθρηγενέτης","lemma":"αἰθρηγενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Βορέης","gloss":"born of clear sky","note":"αἰθρηγενέτης 'sky-born' — an epithet unique to Boreas, the clear-weather wind."},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κυλίνδων","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"κυλίνδων","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Βορέης","gloss":"rolling"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b5-l297","source":"καὶ τότʼ Ὀδυσσῆος λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ,","translation":"And then the knees of Odysseus were loosened, and his own heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l297.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λύτο γούνατα","title":"His knees were loosened","body":"A standard Homeric idiom for sudden fear or collapse: the limbs go slack with dread. Here it marks Odysseus' terror as the storm breaks."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies γούνατα","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"λύτο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were loosened","note":"λύτο γούνατα 'his knees were loosed' is Homer's formulaic phrase for terror/collapse."},{"surface":"γούνατα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b5-l298","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·","translation":"and in distress he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted","note":"μεγαλήτωρ 'great-hearted' modifies θυμόν — Odysseus's own spirit called great even as he panics."},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b5-l299","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλός, τί νύ μοι μήκιστα γένηται;","translation":"\"Wretched me! What in the end is to become of me?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"woe!"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δειλός","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένηται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μήκιστα","lemma":"μήκιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"in the end","note":"μήκιστα, superlative of μακρός used adverbially, 'at the very longest/last' — how far will this go?"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will become"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b5-l300","source":"δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν,","translation":"I fear that the goddess spoke all things truly,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείδω","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἶπεν","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εἶπεν","gloss":"the goddess"},{"surface":"νημερτέα","lemma":"νημερτής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πάντα","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"εἶπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b5-l301","source":"ἥ μʼ ἔφατʼ ἐν πόντῳ, πρὶν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι,","translation":"who said that on the sea, before I reached my native land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναπλήσειν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεὰ","gloss":"said","note":"ἔφατο — imperfect of φημί, introducing the goddess Calypso's earlier prophecy now recalled."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"reaching"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b5-l302","source":"ἄλγεʼ ἀναπλήσειν· τὰ δὲ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται.","translation":"I would fill up my measure of griefs; and now all of it is coming to pass.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀναπλήσειν","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"ἀναπλήσειν","lemma":"ἀναπίμπλημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"would fill up","note":"ἀναπλήσειν 'fill up/complete' — future infinitive, the measure of suffering he was fated to exhaust."},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τελεῖται","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελεῖται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελεῖται","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are coming to pass"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b5-l303","source":"οἵοισιν νεφέεσσι περιστέφει οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν","translation":"With such clouds Zeus is crowning the wide heaven","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵοισιν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νεφέεσσι","gloss":"with such"},{"surface":"νεφέεσσι","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περιστέφει","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"περιστέφει","lemma":"περιστέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is crowning","note":"περιστέφει 'wreathes around' — vivid image of Zeus ringing the sky with storm clouds."},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of περιστέφει","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"wide"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b5-l304","source":"Ζεύς, ἐτάραξε δὲ πόντον, ἐπισπέρχουσι δʼ ἄελλαι","translation":"and has stirred up the sea, and the blasts press hard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of περιστέφει","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐτάραξε","lemma":"ταράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐτάραξε","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἐπισπέρχουσι","lemma":"ἐπισπέρχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"press hard"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄελλαι","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐπισπέρχουσι","gloss":"the blasts"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b5-l305","source":"παντοίων ἀνέμων. νῦν μοι σῶς αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.","translation":"of every kind of wind. Now my sheer destruction is certain.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίων","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄελλαι","gloss":"of winds"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"σῶς","lemma":"σῶς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"certain","note":"σῶς here ironically means 'sure/certain' (of destruction), not its usual sense 'safe'."},{"surface":"αἰπὺς","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρος","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρος","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b5-l306","source":"τρὶς μάκαρες Δαναοὶ καὶ τετράκις, οἳ τότʼ ὄλοντο","translation":"Three times blessed the Danaans, and four times, who perished then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"Δαναοὶ","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"the Danaans","note":"τρὶς μάκαρες...καὶ τετράκις 'thrice and four times blessed' — famous Homeric formula of envy for the honored dead."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τετράκις","lemma":"τετράκις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"four times"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄλοντο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄλοντο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὄλοντο","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Δαναοὶ","gloss":"perished"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b5-l307","source":"Τροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ χάριν Ἀτρεΐδῃσι φέροντες.","translation":"in wide Troy, bringing a favor to the sons of Atreus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τροίῃ","lemma":"Τροία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in Troy"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"εὐρείῃ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Τροίῃ","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"favor"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδῃσι","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"to the sons of Atreus","note":"Ἀτρεΐδῃσι 'sons of Atreus' = Agamemnon and Menelaus, for whose cause the Danaans died."},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὄλοντο","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b5-l308","source":"ὡς δὴ ἐγώ γʼ ὄφελον θανέειν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν","translation":"Would that I too had died and met my doom","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ὄφελον","gloss":"would that","note":"ὡς...ὄφελον 'would that' — ὀφείλω in the unfulfilled-wish idiom, 'I ought to have died'."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄφελον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄφελον","lemma":"ὀφείλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ought to have"},{"surface":"θανέειν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to die"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πότμον","lemma":"πότμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπισπεῖν","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἐπισπεῖν","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to have met"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b5-l309","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε μοι πλεῖστοι χαλκήρεα δοῦρα","translation":"on that day when in throngs the Trojans hurled at me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤματι","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"on the day"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular neuter article","role":"modifies ἤματι","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέρριψαν","gloss":"at me"},{"surface":"πλεῖστοι","lemma":"πλεῖστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Τρῶες","gloss":"most (Trojans)","note":"πλεῖστοι 'most/very many' implicitly refers to the Trojans, supplied from context (elided head)."},{"surface":"χαλκήρεα","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"bronze-tipped"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέρριψαν","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b5-l310","source":"Τρῶες ἐπέρριψαν περὶ Πηλεΐωνι θανόντι.","translation":"their bronze-tipped spears around the dead son of Peleus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέρριψαν","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐπέρριψαν","lemma":"ἐπιρρίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτε","gloss":"cast, hurled"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐωνι","lemma":"Πηλεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"son of Peleus","note":"Patronymic epithet for Achilles, dative after περί 'around'."},{"surface":"θανόντι","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies Πηλεΐωνι","gloss":"dead, having died"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b5-l311","source":"τῷ κʼ ἔλαχον κτερέων, καί μευ κλέος ἦγον Ἀχαιοί·","translation":"Then I would have had funeral rites, and the Achaeans would have spread my fame;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, in that case"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have","note":"κ᾽=κε, epic form of ἄν marking the unreal past condition with ἔλαχον."},{"surface":"ἔλαχον","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would have won"},{"surface":"κτερέων","lemma":"κτέρεα","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔλαχον","gloss":"funeral rites"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἦγον","gloss":"fame, glory","note":"κλέος, the epic 'undying fame' theme central to Homeric heroism."},{"surface":"ἦγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would have spread"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦγον","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b5-l312","source":"νῦν δέ λευγαλέῳ θανάτῳ εἵμαρτο ἁλῶναι.","translation":"but now it is my lot to be caught by a wretched death.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἵμαρτο","gloss":"but now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"λευγαλέῳ","lemma":"λευγαλέος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θανάτῳ","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"θανάτῳ","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἁλῶναι","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"εἵμαρτο","lemma":"μείρομαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it was fated","note":"Pluperfect of μείρομαι used impersonally: 'it had been allotted' = fate had decreed."},{"surface":"ἁλῶναι","lemma":"ἁλίσκομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of εἵμαρτο","gloss":"to be caught, seized"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b5-l313","source":"ὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντʼ ἔλασεν μέγα κῦμα κατʼ ἄκρης","translation":"Even as he spoke, a great wave struck him down from on high,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπόντ᾽","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (epic particle)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλασεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"εἰπόντ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having spoken","note":"εἰπόντ᾽ elided from εἰπόντα, agreeing with μιν as he finishes his speech."},{"surface":"ἔλασεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck, drove"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔλασεν","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"ἄκρης","lemma":"ἄκρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ᾽","gloss":"the height","note":"κατ᾽ ἄκρης, formulaic phrase 'from on high/utterly,' vivid of the wave crashing down."}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b5-l314","source":"δεινὸν ἐπεσσύμενον, περὶ δὲ σχεδίην ἐλέλιξε.","translation":"rushing terribly, and spun the raft around.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπεσσύμενον","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσύμενον","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἔλασεν","gloss":"rushing upon"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σχεδίην","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐλέλιξε","gloss":"the raft"},{"surface":"ἐλέλιξε","lemma":"ἐλελίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spun, whirled","note":"ἐλελίζω, an onomatopoeic-feeling verb for violent spinning motion."}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b5-l315","source":"τῆλε δʼ ἀπὸ σχεδίης αὐτὸς πέσε, πηδάλιον δὲ","translation":"Far from the raft he himself fell, and the steering-oar","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆλε","lemma":"τῆλε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέσε","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σχεδίης","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the raft"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of πέσε","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"πέσε","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"πηδάλιον","lemma":"πηδάλιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of προέηκε","gloss":"the steering-oar","note":"πηδάλιον, object of the verb in the next line (προέηκε), a run-on across lines typical of Homer."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b5-l316","source":"ἐκ χειρῶν προέηκε· μέσον δέ οἱ ἱστὸν ἔαξεν","translation":"flew from his hands; and the mast was snapped in the middle","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"his hands"},{"surface":"προέηκε","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew, was sent forth"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἱστὸν","gloss":"his (dative of possession)"},{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔαξεν","gloss":"the mast"},{"surface":"ἔαξεν","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"snapped, broke","note":"ἔαξεν from ἄγνυμι, strong aorist 'broke'; the mast snaps as the storm peaks."}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b5-l317","source":"δεινὴ μισγομένων ἀνέμων ἐλθοῦσα θύελλα,","translation":"by a fearful squall of mingled winds that came down upon it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὴ","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θύελλα","gloss":"terrible, fearful"},{"surface":"μισγομένων","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"mingling, clashing","note":"ἀνέμων μισγομένων is an attributive genitive phrase modifying θύελλα ('a squall of the winds that were mingling'), not a genitive absolute — it is grammatically dependent on the noun θύελλα, not an independent clause."},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θύελλα","gloss":"of winds"},{"surface":"ἐλθοῦσα","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔαξεν","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"θύελλα","lemma":"θύελλα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔαξεν","gloss":"a squall, storm-blast"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b5-l318","source":"τηλοῦ δὲ σπεῖρον καὶ ἐπίκριον ἔμπεσε πόντῳ.","translation":"and far off the sail and yard-arm fell into the sea.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τηλοῦ","lemma":"τηλοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμπεσε","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σπεῖρον","lemma":"σπεῖρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the sail"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίκριον","lemma":"ἐπίκριον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the yard-arm"},{"surface":"ἔμπεσε","lemma":"ἐμπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell into"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπεσε","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b5-l319","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόβρυχα θῆκε πολὺν χρόνον, οὐδʼ ἐδυνάσθη","translation":"And the wave held him under for a long time, nor was he able","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (epic particle)"},{"surface":"ὑπόβρυχα","lemma":"ὑπόβρυχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"under the surface","note":"ὑπόβρυχα, vivid adverb 'submerged'; used adverbially with θῆκε 'held him under.'"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held, kept"},{"surface":"πολὺν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόνον","gloss":"much, long"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"ἐδυνάσθη","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he was able"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b5-l320","source":"αἶψα μάλʼ ἀνσχεθέειν μεγάλου ὑπὸ κύματος ὁρμῆς·","translation":"to come up quickly from beneath the rush of the mighty wave;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνσχεθέειν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ἀνσχεθέειν","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐδυνάσθη","gloss":"to rise up, come up","note":"ἀνσχεθέειν, epic uncontracted infinitive of ἀνέχω, 'to hold oneself up/rise.'"},{"surface":"μεγάλου","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματος","gloss":"of the mighty"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beneath"},{"surface":"κύματος","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὁρμῆς","gloss":"of the wave"},{"surface":"ὁρμῆς","lemma":"ὁρμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"rush, surge"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b5-l321","source":"εἵματα γάρ ῥʼ ἐβάρυνε, τά οἱ πόρε δῖα Καλυψώ.","translation":"for the clothes weighed him down that fair Calypso had given him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐβάρυνε","gloss":"the clothes"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (epic particle)"},{"surface":"ἐβάρυνε","lemma":"βαρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"weighed down"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing εἵματα","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καλυψώ","gloss":"divine, radiant","note":"δῖα, standard epic epithet for goddesses/noble women, here Calypso."},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"Calypso"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b5-l322","source":"ὀψὲ δὲ δή ῥʼ ἀνέδυ, στόματος δʼ ἐξέπτυσεν ἅλμην","translation":"At last he came up, and spat the brine from his mouth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνέδυ","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (epic particle)"},{"surface":"ἀνέδυ","lemma":"ἀναδύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came up, surfaced"},{"surface":"στόματος","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξέπτυσεν","gloss":"from his mouth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξέπτυσεν","lemma":"ἐκπτύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spat out"},{"surface":"ἅλμην","lemma":"ἅλμη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέπτυσεν","gloss":"the brine","note":"ἅλμην, its adjective πικρήν 'bitter' is delayed to open the next line, an epic enjambment."}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b5-l323","source":"πικρήν, ἥ οἱ πολλὴ ἀπὸ κρατὸς κελάρυζεν.","translation":"the bitter brine that streamed down in floods from his head.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πικρήν","lemma":"πικρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλμην","gloss":"bitter"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κελάρυζεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κρατὸς","gloss":"his (dative of possession)"},{"surface":"πολλὴ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"much, plentiful"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρατὸς","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"his head"},{"surface":"κελάρυζεν","lemma":"κελαρύζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἅλμην","gloss":"streamed, trickled"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b5-l324","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὣς σχεδίης ἐπελήθετο, τειρόμενός περ,","translation":"Yet even so he did not forget his raft, worn out as he was,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπελήθετο","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"σχεδίης","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπελήθετο","gloss":"of the raft"},{"surface":"ἐπελήθετο","lemma":"ἐπιλήθω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he forgot"},{"surface":"τειρόμενός","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπελήθετο","gloss":"worn out, exhausted"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even, indeed","note":"περ concessive: 'worn out though he was' — heightens his resolve."}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b5-l325","source":"ἀλλὰ μεθορμηθεὶς ἐνὶ κύμασιν ἐλλάβετʼ αὐτῆς,","translation":"but lunging after it among the waves he laid hold of it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μεθορμηθεὶς","lemma":"μεθορμάομαι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλλάβετ᾽","gloss":"lunging after, chasing"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in, among"},{"surface":"κύμασιν","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"the waves"},{"surface":"ἐλλάβετ","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized, laid hold of"},{"surface":"αὐτῆς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐλλάβετ᾽","gloss":"it (the raft)"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b5-l326","source":"ἐν μέσσῃ δὲ καθῖζε τέλος θανάτου ἀλεείνων.","translation":"and sat down in its middle, avoiding the end that is death.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσσῃ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθῖζε","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλεείνων","gloss":"the end"},{"surface":"θανάτου","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"of death","note":"τέλος θανάτου, formulaic epic periphrasis for 'death itself.'"},{"surface":"ἀλεείνων","lemma":"ἀλεείνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθῖζε","gloss":"avoiding, shunning"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b5-l327","source":"τὴν δʼ ἐφόρει μέγα κῦμα κατὰ ῥόον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα.","translation":"And the great wave carried it along the current, this way and that.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφόρει","gloss":"it (the raft)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφόρει","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried, bore"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐφόρει","gloss":"a wave"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along, down"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the current"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way","note":"ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα, epic formula 'this way and that,' repeated at line-end for the tossing motion."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b5-l328","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὀπωρινὸς Βορέης φορέῃσιν ἀκάνθας","translation":"As when in autumn the North Wind drives thistledown over the plain,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as, just as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὀπωρινὸς","lemma":"ὀπωρινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"autumnal"},{"surface":"Βορέης","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φορέῃσιν","gloss":"the North Wind"},{"surface":"φορέῃσιν","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"drives, carries"},{"surface":"ἀκάνθας","lemma":"ἄκανθα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φορέῃσιν","gloss":"thistledown","note":"Extended epic simile begins here comparing Odysseus's tossing to windblown thistles."}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b5-l329","source":"ἂμ πεδίον, πυκιναὶ δὲ πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχονται,","translation":"and the tufts cling thickly to one another,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over, along"},{"surface":"πεδίον","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἂμ","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"πυκιναὶ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick, clustered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to one another"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλῃσιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἔχονται","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"cling, hold fast"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b5-l330","source":"ὣς τὴν ἂμ πέλαγος ἄνεμοι φέρον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα·","translation":"so the winds bore the raft this way and that across the sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"so, thus","note":"ὣς answers ὡς of l328, closing the simile: 'as thistles blow... so the winds bore the raft.'"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"it (the raft)"},{"surface":"ἂμ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over, along"},{"surface":"πέλαγος","lemma":"πέλαγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἂμ","gloss":"the open sea"},{"surface":"ἄνεμοι","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"the winds"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore, carried"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"that way"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b5-l331","source":"ἄλλοτε μέν τε Νότος Βορέῃ προβάλεσκε φέρεσθαι,","translation":"Now the South Wind would fling it to the North to carry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προβάλεσκε","gloss":"at one time"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"epic particle"},{"surface":"Νότος","lemma":"Νότος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προβάλεσκε","gloss":"the South Wind"},{"surface":"Βορέῃ","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προβάλεσκε","gloss":"to the North Wind"},{"surface":"προβάλεσκε","lemma":"προβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fling, toss","note":"Iterative -σκε suffix marks repeated past action: 'would keep flinging.'"},{"surface":"φέρεσθαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to προβάλεσκε","gloss":"to carry"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b5-l332","source":"ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτʼ Εὖρος Ζεφύρῳ εἴξασκε διώκειν.","translation":"and now again the East Wind would yield it to the West to chase.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l332.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Εὖρος, Ζέφυρος","title":"The named winds","body":"Homer names the four winds as persons: Euros (East), Zephyros (West), Notos (South), Boreas (North). They are treated almost as gods who toss the raft between them."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοτε","lemma":"ἄλλοτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴξασκε","gloss":"at another time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Εὖρος","lemma":"Εὖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἴξασκε","gloss":"the East Wind"},{"surface":"Ζεφύρῳ","lemma":"Ζέφυρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴξασκε","gloss":"to the West Wind"},{"surface":"εἴξασκε","lemma":"εἴκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would yield, give way"},{"surface":"διώκειν","lemma":"διώκω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to εἴξασκε","gloss":"to chase, pursue"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b5-l333","source":"τὸν δὲ ἴδεν Κάδμου θυγάτηρ, καλλίσφυρος Ἰνώ,","translation":"But the daughter of Cadmus saw him, Ino of the lovely ankles,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Κάδμου","lemma":"Κάδμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Cadmus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"καλλίσφυρος","lemma":"καλλίσφυρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰνώ","gloss":"lovely-ankled","note":"καλλίσφυρος, standard Homeric beauty-epithet for goddesses, here Ino."},{"surface":"Ἰνώ","lemma":"Ἰνώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Ino"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b5-l334","source":"Λευκοθέη, ἣ πρὶν μὲν ἔην βροτὸς αὐδήεσσα,","translation":"Leucothea, who once was a mortal of human speech,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l334.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αὐδήεσσα","title":"\"Of human speech\"","body":"The epithet marks her former mortality: a being \"endowed with speech\" like ordinary humans, before she was raised to divine status."}],"words":[{"surface":"Λευκοθέη","lemma":"Λευκοθέα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Leucothea","note":"Ino's divine name after her transformation into a sea-goddess."},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"formerly, before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"βροτὸς","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a mortal"},{"surface":"αὐδήεσσα","lemma":"αὐδήεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"speaking with human voice","note":"αὐδήεσσα marks her once-human speech, contrasted with her new divine state."}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b5-l335","source":"νῦν δʼ ἁλὸς ἐν πελάγεσσι θεῶν ἒξ ἔμμορε τιμῆς.","translation":"but now in the deeps of the sea has won her share of honor from the gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμμορε","gloss":"but now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πελάγεσσι","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πελάγεσσι","lemma":"πέλαγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the deeps"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἒξ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἒξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from, out of"},{"surface":"ἔμμορε","lemma":"μείρομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"has won a share","note":"ἔμμορε, perfect of μείρομαι 'to receive as one's portion'; she has been allotted divine honor."},{"surface":"τιμῆς","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔμμορε","gloss":"honor"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b5-l336","source":"ἥ ῥʼ Ὀδυσῆʼ ἐλέησεν ἀλώμενον, ἄλγεʼ ἔχοντα,","translation":"She took pity on Odysseus as he drifted in his sufferings,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (epic particle)"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐλέησεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐλέησεν","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pitied, took pity on"},{"surface":"ἀλώμενον","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wandering, drifting"},{"surface":"ἄλγε","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"sufferings, pains"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having, enduring"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b5-l337","source":"αἰθυίῃ δʼ ἐικυῖα ποτῇ ἀνεδύσετο λίμνης,","translation":"and like a sea-gull on the wing she rose up from the swell,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰθυίῃ","lemma":"αἴθυια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ποτῇ","gloss":"a sea-gull"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐικυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεδύσετο","gloss":"resembling, like","note":"αἰθυίῃ ἐικυῖα, simile likening the goddess in flight to a diving sea-bird as she rises from the water."},{"surface":"ποτῇ","lemma":"ποτή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐικυῖα","gloss":"in flight"},{"surface":"ἀνεδύσετο","lemma":"ἀναδύνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up, surfaced"},{"surface":"λίμνης","lemma":"λίμνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνεδύσετο","gloss":"from the swell"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b5-l338","source":"ἷζε δʼ ἐπὶ σχεδίης πολυδέσμου εἶπέ τε μῦθον·","translation":"sat upon the close-bound raft, and spoke her word:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷζε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she sat"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"σχεδίης","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"raft"},{"surface":"πολυδέσμου","lemma":"πολύδεσμος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σχεδίης","gloss":"close-bound","note":"πολυδέσμου 'many-bound' — compound epithet for the raft's lashed timbers."},{"surface":"εἶπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπέ","gloss":"word","note":"μῦθον here is simply 'speech, word' — the standard Homeric noun for a spoken utterance."}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b5-l339","source":"κάμμορε, τίπτε τοι ὧδε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"\"Poor man, why does Poseidon the earth-shaker rage at you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l339.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐνοσίχθων","title":"Epithet: earth-shaker","body":"A standing epithet of Poseidon, \"earth-shaker,\" marking his power over earthquakes and the heaving sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"κάμμορε","lemma":"κάμμορος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"poor wretch","note":"Vocative addressing Odysseus with no expressed noun — 'you' is understood."},{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠδύσατ᾽","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὠδύσατ᾽","gloss":"at you"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὠδύσατ᾽","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὠδύσατ᾽","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-shaker","note":"Ἐνοσίχθων, standing epithet for Poseidon, in apposition to his name."}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b5-l340","source":"ὠδύσατʼ ἐκπάγλως, ὅτι τοι κακὰ πολλὰ φυτεύει;","translation":"so terribly, that he sows so many troubles for you?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l340.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φυτεύει","title":"\"Sows\" troubles","body":"The verb literally means to plant or sow; Homer uses it as a metaphor for contriving and breeding evils for someone."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὠδύσατ","lemma":"ὀδύσσομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has raged","note":"ὀδύσσομαι 'to be angry at' — same root that gives Odysseus his name."},{"surface":"ἐκπάγλως","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ὠδύσατ᾽","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of φυτεύει","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φυτεύει","gloss":"troubles"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"φυτεύει","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτι","gloss":"sows, plants"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b5-l341","source":"οὐ μὲν δή σε καταφθίσει μάλα περ μενεαίνων.","translation":"Yet he will not destroy you, however much he longs to.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of καταφθίσει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καταφθίσει","lemma":"καταφθίω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will destroy"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"although","note":"περ with the participle gives concessive force: 'however much longing.'"},{"surface":"μενεαίνων","lemma":"μενεαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καταφθίσει","gloss":"longing"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b5-l342","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ὧδʼ ἔρξαι, δοκέεις δέ μοι οὐκ ἀπινύσσειν·","translation":"Just do as I say — you seem to me no fool:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρξαι","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔρξαι","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do, act","note":"Aorist middle imperative of ἔρδω — a direct command, 'do (for yourself) thus.'"},{"surface":"δοκέεις","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you seem"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέεις","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀπινύσσειν","lemma":"ἀπινύσσω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέεις","gloss":"be witless","note":"ἀπινύσσειν 'to lack sense' — litotes: 'you seem to me not lacking sense' = 'sensible.'"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b5-l343","source":"εἵματα ταῦτʼ ἀποδὺς σχεδίην ἀνέμοισι φέρεσθαι","translation":"strip off these clothes and let the raft drive before the winds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποδὺς","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἀποδὺς","lemma":"ἀποδύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κάλλιπ᾽","gloss":"stripping off"},{"surface":"σχεδίην","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φέρεσθαι","gloss":"the raft"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοισι","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέρεσθαι","gloss":"by the winds","note":"ἀνέμοισι is dative of means/agent with the passive infinitive φέρεσθαι ('be borne along by'), not a direction — 'to the winds' wrongly implies motion toward."},{"surface":"φέρεσθαι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of κάλλιπ᾽","gloss":"be carried"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b5-l344","source":"κάλλιπʼ, ἀτὰρ χείρεσσι νέων ἐπιμαίεο νόστου","translation":"leave it behind, and with your arms swim hard for the homecoming","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l344.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστου","title":"Nostos: homecoming","body":"Nostos, \"homecoming,\" is a central theme of the whole poem; here it stands concretely for the safe arrival Odysseus must reach by swimming."}],"words":[{"surface":"κάλλιπ","lemma":"καταλείπω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"leave behind"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νέων","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπιμαίεο","gloss":"swimming"},{"surface":"ἐπιμαίεο","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strive for","note":"ἐπιμαίομαι + genitive 'strive eagerly after' — governs νόστου, 'homecoming.'"},{"surface":"νόστου","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"homecoming"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b5-l345","source":"γαίης Φαιήκων, ὅθι τοι μοῖρʼ ἐστὶν ἀλύξαι.","translation":"to the land of the Phaeacians, where it is your fate to escape.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλύξαι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐστὶν","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"μοῖρ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γαίης","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀλύξαι","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to escape","note":"ἀλύξαι, epexegetic infinitive explaining μοῖρα ἐστίν 'it is fate to escape.'"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b5-l346","source":"τῆ δέ, τόδε κρήδεμνον ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τανύσσαι","translation":"Here, stretch this veil beneath your breast —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆ","lemma":"τῆ","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"here, take this","note":"τῆ is a fossilized imperative interjection, 'here! take!' — not a normal verb form."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κρήδεμνον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κρήδεμνον","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τανύσσαι","gloss":"veil"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"στέρνοιο","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"τανύσσαι","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretch, tie"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b5-l347","source":"ἄμβροτον· οὐδέ τί τοι παθέειν δέος οὐδʼ ἀπολέσθαι.","translation":"it is immortal; you need have no fear of suffering or of dying.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄμβροτον","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρήδεμνον","gloss":"immortal","note":"ἄμβροτος, 'undying' — marks the veil (κρήδεμνον) as divine, Ino's magic gift."},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"παθέειν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies δέος","gloss":"to suffer"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies","gloss":"to perish"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b5-l348","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν χείρεσσιν ἐφάψεαι ἠπείροιο,","translation":"But when with your hands you take hold of the mainland,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"χείρεσσιν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐφάψεαι","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"ἐφάψεαι","lemma":"ἐφάπτω","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"you touch, grasp","note":"ἐφάπτω middle + genitive, 'lay hold of' — governs ἠπείροιο, the mainland."},{"surface":"ἠπείροιο","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφάψεαι","gloss":"mainland"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b5-l349","source":"ἂψ ἀπολυσάμενος βαλέειν εἰς οἴνοπα πόντον","translation":"untie it again and throw it into the wine-dark sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l349.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οἴνοπα πόντον","title":"Epithet: wine-dark sea","body":"The famous formula \"wine-faced/wine-dark sea\" describes the deep glinting color of open water; it is one of Homer's most recurrent epithets."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπολυσάμενος","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"ἀπολυσάμενος","lemma":"ἀπολύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βαλέειν","gloss":"having untied"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"οἴνοπα","lemma":"ὀ͂νοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"wine-dark","note":"οἴνοψ, 'wine-faced' — the famous Homeric color epithet for the sea."},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b5-l350","source":"πολλὸν ἀπʼ ἠπείρου, αὐτὸς δʼ ἀπονόσφι τραπέσθαι.","translation":"far out from the land, and turn yourself away.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βαλέειν","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἠπείρου","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀπ᾽","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπονόσφι","lemma":"ἀπονόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τραπέσθαι","gloss":"away, aside"},{"surface":"τραπέσθαι","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"turn"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b5-l351","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα θεὰ κρήδεμνον ἔδωκεν,","translation":"So speaking the goddess gave him the veil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσασα","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσασα","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκεν","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"θεὰ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"goddess","note":"Refers to Ino/Leucothea, who has just given Odysseus her magic veil."},{"surface":"κρήδεμνον","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκεν","gloss":"veil"},{"surface":"ἔδωκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b5-l352","source":"αὐτὴ δʼ ἂψ ἐς πόντον ἐδύσετο κυμαίνοντα","translation":"and she herself plunged back into the surging sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδύσετο","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐδύσετο","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plunged"},{"surface":"κυμαίνοντα","lemma":"κυμαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"surging"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b5-l353","source":"αἰθυίῃ ἐικυῖα· μέλαν δέ ἑ κῦμα κάλυψεν.","translation":"like a sea-gull; and the dark wave closed over her.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰθυίῃ","lemma":"αἴθυια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐικυῖα","gloss":"sea-gull","note":"αἴθυια, a diving seabird — the simile pictures Ino vanishing like a diving gull."},{"surface":"ἐικυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐδύσετο","gloss":"resembling"},{"surface":"μέλαν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"dark, black"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κάλυψεν","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b5-l354","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ μερμήριξε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"But much-enduring noble Odysseus pondered,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l354.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Epithet: much-enduring","body":"\"Much-enduring noble Odysseus\" is a stock line-ending formula. The epithet polytlas highlights the hero's defining capacity to suffer and endure."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μερμήριξε","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pondered"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"πολύτλας, a fixed epithet of Odysseus marking his signature endurance of suffering."},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b5-l355","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·","translation":"and troubled he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"troubled","note":"ὀχθέω, 'be vexed, groan inwardly' — signals Odysseus's distrustful reaction before he speaks."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"heart, spirit","note":"θυμὸν πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα — the formula for a hero deliberating alone with himself."}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b5-l356","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγώ, μή τίς μοι ὑφαίνῃσιν δόλον αὖτε","translation":"\"Oh no — let it not be that some immortal is weaving me a trick again,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l356.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑφαίνῃσιν δόλον","title":"\"Weaving a trick\"","body":"Homer pictures cunning as weaving; the same metaphor (dolon hyphainein) is used both of Odysseus's own schemes and of plots against him."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah, alas"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"woe to me"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"me","note":"Vocative-form ἐγώ used in the fixed lament ὤ μοι ἐγώ, 'woe is me.'"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑφαίνῃσιν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑφαίνῃσιν","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"ὑφαίνῃσιν","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is weaving","note":"ὑφαίνω 'weave' used metaphorically for scheming a trick — subjunctive of fearing after μή."},{"surface":"δόλον","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑφαίνῃσιν","gloss":"trick, snare"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑφαίνῃσιν","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b5-l357","source":"ἀθανάτων, ὅ τέ με σχεδίης ἀποβῆναι ἀνώγει.","translation":"telling me to step off my raft.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀθανάτων","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of the immortals"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀποβῆναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"σχεδίης","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀποβῆναι","gloss":"raft"},{"surface":"ἀποβῆναι","lemma":"ἀποβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to step off"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τίς","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b5-l358","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ οὔ πω πείσομʼ, ἐπεὶ ἑκὰς ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","translation":"No, I will not obey yet, since I saw with my own eyes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"πείσομ","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will obey"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἑκὰς","lemma":"ἑκάς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἰδόμην","gloss":"with my eyes"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b5-l359","source":"γαῖαν ἐγὼν ἰδόμην, ὅθι μοι φάτο φύξιμον εἶναι.","translation":"that the land is far off, where she said my refuge lies.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδόμην","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἰδόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἰδόμην","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἶναι","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing γαῖαν","gloss":"she said"},{"surface":"φύξιμον","lemma":"φύξιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"refuge","note":"φύξιμον, 'affording escape' — describes the land Ino promised as his refuge."},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b5-l360","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ὧδʼ ἔρξω, δοκέει δέ μοι εἶναι ἄριστον·","translation":"So I will do this — it seems to me the best:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρξω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔρξω","lemma":"ἔρδω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will do"},{"surface":"δοκέει","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it seems"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἄριστον","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b5-l361","source":"ὄφρʼ ἂν μέν κεν δούρατʼ ἐν ἁρμονίῃσιν ἀρήρῃ,","translation":"as long as the timbers hold together in their joinings,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δούρατ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀρήρῃ","gloss":"timbers","note":"δόρυ, 'plank, beam' — plural δούρατα, the raft's structural timbers."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἁρμονίῃσιν","lemma":"ἁρμονία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"joints"},{"surface":"ἀρήρῃ","lemma":"ἀραρίσκω","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"hold fast","note":"Perfect subjunctive of ἀραρίσκω, 'fit together' — expresses the timbers still being fitted/joined."}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b5-l362","source":"τόφρʼ αὐτοῦ μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι ἄλγεα πάσχων·","translation":"so long I will stay here and endure my sufferings;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρ","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μενέω","gloss":"there, right here"},{"surface":"μενέω","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will remain"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τλήσομαι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will endure"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχων","gloss":"sufferings"},{"surface":"πάσχων","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τλήσομαι","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b5-l363","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δή μοι σχεδίην διὰ κῦμα τινάξῃ,","translation":"but once the wave has shaken the raft to pieces under me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies σχεδίην","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"σχεδίην","lemma":"σχεδία","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τινάξῃ","gloss":"raft"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"apart, asunder","note":"διά used adverbially with τινάξῃ, 'shakes apart' — intensifies the verb rather than governing a case."},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τινάξῃ","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"τινάξῃ","lemma":"τινάσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"shakes"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b5-l364","source":"νήξομʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐ μέν τι πάρα προνοῆσαι ἄμεινον.","translation":"I will swim, since there is nothing better to plan ahead.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νήξομ","lemma":"νήχω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will swim"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of προνοῆσαι","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"is possible","note":"πάρα = πάρεστι, 'there is at hand' — anastrophe shifts the accent when the preposition follows its noun."},{"surface":"προνοῆσαι","lemma":"προνοέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to plan ahead"},{"surface":"ἄμεινον","lemma":"ἀμείνων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies τι","gloss":"better"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b5-l365","source":"ἧος ὁ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"While he turned this over in his mind and heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l365.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν","title":"Mind and heart","body":"A formulaic pair, phrēn and thymos, naming the seat of thought and feeling together — \"in mind and spirit.\" It marks moments of inner deliberation."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ταῦθ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ὥρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἧος","gloss":"turned over","note":"ὁρμαίνω, 'weigh, ponder' — used of turning options over in the mind before deciding."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b5-l366","source":"ὦρσε δʼ ἐπὶ μέγα κῦμα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων,","translation":"Poseidon the earth-shaker raised up a great wave against him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"raised up","note":"Epic ὄρνυμι aorist ὦρσε: gods 'rousing' a wave/wind is a formulaic verb of divine action."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"against/upon"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρσε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-shaker","note":"Ἐνοσίχθων is Poseidon's standing epic epithet, appositive to his name, not a separate description."}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b5-l367","source":"δεινόν τʼ ἀργαλέον τε, κατηρεφές, ἤλασε δʼ αὐτόν.","translation":"dreadful and crushing, arched overhead, and drove it down upon him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινόν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργαλέον","lemma":"ἀργαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"crushing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατηρεφές","lemma":"κατηρεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"arched overhead","note":"κατηρεφές ('roofed over') pictures the wave curling like a roof above him before it breaks."},{"surface":"ἤλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b5-l368","source":"ὡς δʼ ἄνεμος ζαὴς ἠΐων θημῶνα τινάξῃ","translation":"As when a gusting wind shakes a heap of dry chaff","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"[marks clause]"},{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τινάξῃ","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"ζαὴς","lemma":"ζαής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνεμος","gloss":"gusting"},{"surface":"ἠΐων","lemma":"ἤια","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies θημῶνα","gloss":"of dry chaff"},{"surface":"θημῶνα","lemma":"θημών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τινάξῃ","gloss":"heap"},{"surface":"τινάξῃ","lemma":"τινάσσω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"shakes","note":"Aorist subjunctive τινάξῃ in a generalizing simile: 'whenever a wind shakes...' — a common Homeric simile-tense pattern."}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b5-l369","source":"καρφαλέων· τὰ μὲν ἄρ τε διεσκέδασʼ ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ·","translation":"and scatters it this way and that,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρφαλέων","lemma":"καρφαλέος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἠΐων","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of διεσκέδασ᾽","gloss":"it (the chaff)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[marks contrast]"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"διεσκέδασ","lemma":"διασκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διεσκέδασ᾽","gloss":"one way"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διεσκέδασ᾽","gloss":"another way","note":"ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ, 'some one way, some another' — a fixed formulaic pair meaning scattered in all directions."}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b5-l370","source":"ὣς τῆς δούρατα μακρὰ διεσκέδασʼ. αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"so the wave scattered the raft's long timbers. But Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διεσκέδασ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies δούρατα","gloss":"its (raft's)"},{"surface":"δούρατα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διεσκέδασ᾽","gloss":"timbers","note":"δούρατα, plural of δόρυ 'beam/spear-shaft', here the raft's long planks scattered by the wave."},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δούρατα","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"διεσκέδασ","lemma":"διασκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scattered"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βαῖνε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b5-l371","source":"ἀμφʼ ἑνὶ δούρατι βαῖνε, κέληθʼ ὡς ἵππον ἐλαύνων,","translation":"mounted astride a single beam, riding it like a horse,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"astride"},{"surface":"ἑνὶ","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies δούρατι","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δούρατι","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"beam"},{"surface":"βαῖνε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mounted","note":"βαῖνε ἀμφ᾽ ἑνὶ δούρατι, 'he bestrode one beam' — vivid image of Odysseus straddling a single timber like a rider."},{"surface":"κέληθ","lemma":"κέλης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"racehorse"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνων","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βαῖνε","gloss":"riding/driving","note":"ἐλαύνων used of driving/riding a horse extends naturally to 'riding' the timber like a mount."}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b5-l372","source":"εἵματα δʼ ἐξαπέδυνε, τά οἱ πόρε δῖα Καλυψώ.","translation":"and stripped off the clothes that noble Calypso had given him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξαπέδυνε","gloss":"clothes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξαπέδυνε","lemma":"ἐξαποδύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stripped off"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing εἵματα","gloss":"gave","note":"πόρε, a rare aorist of an old verb 'give/grant', used almost only in epic formula."},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καλυψώ","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πόρε","gloss":"Calypso"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b5-l373","source":"αὐτίκα δὲ κρήδεμνον ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τάνυσσεν,","translation":"At once he stretched the veil beneath his breast,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τάνυσσεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρήδεμνον","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τάνυσσεν","gloss":"veil","note":"κρήδεμνον is the goddess Ino's magic veil given earlier to Odysseus as a lifesaving charm — key plot object."},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"στέρνοιο","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"τάνυσσεν","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretched/tied"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b5-l374","source":"αὐτὸς δὲ πρηνὴς ἁλὶ κάππεσε, χεῖρε πετάσσας,","translation":"and flung himself face-forward into the sea, spreading his arms,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρηνὴς","lemma":"πρηνής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"face-forward"},{"surface":"ἁλὶ","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάππεσε","gloss":"into the sea"},{"surface":"κάππεσε","lemma":"καταπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell/plunged"},{"surface":"χεῖρε","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"object of πετάσσας","gloss":"his two hands","note":"χεῖρε is the dual form (two hands treated as a pair), a distinctive Homeric number no longer used in Attic Greek."},{"surface":"πετάσσας","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"spreading out"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b5-l375","source":"νηχέμεναι μεμαώς. ἴδε δὲ κρείων ἐνοσίχθων,","translation":"eager to swim. And the lord earth-shaker saw him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηχέμεναι","lemma":"νήχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of μεμαώς","gloss":"to swim"},{"surface":"μεμαώς","lemma":"μέμαα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"eager","note":"μεμαώς, perfect participle of μέμαα 'to be eager', with present force — a stock epic word for straining desire."},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρείων","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνοσίχθων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"earth-shaker"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b5-l376","source":"κινήσας δὲ κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν·","translation":"and shaking his head he spoke to his own spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κινήσας","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μυθήσατο","gloss":"shaking"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάρη","lemma":"κάρα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κινήσας","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μυθήσατο","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"μυθήσατο προτὶ ὃν θυμόν, 'spoke to his own heart' — the standard Homeric formula for a character's inner monologue."},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"heart/spirit"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b5-l377","source":"οὕτω νῦν κακὰ πολλὰ παθὼν ἀλόω κατὰ πόντον,","translation":"\"So now, after suffering many evils, drift over the sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλόω","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλόω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of παθὼν","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὰ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"παθὼν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλόω","gloss":"suffering"},{"surface":"ἀλόω","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drift/wander","note":"Present imperative ἀλόω — Poseidon's mocking command, 'keep drifting,' not a wish but a bitter taunt."},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b5-l378","source":"εἰς ὅ κεν ἀνθρώποισι διοτρεφέεσσι μιγήῃς.","translation":"until you come among men nurtured by Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l378.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"διοτρεφέεσσι","title":"\"Nurtured by Zeus\"","body":"A common epithet for kings and noble peoples, marking them as cherished and protected by Zeus — here pointing ahead to the Phaeacians."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μιγήῃς","gloss":"[relative, 'that']"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[indefinite marker]"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μιγήῃς","gloss":"among men"},{"surface":"διοτρεφέεσσι","lemma":"Διοτρεφής","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώποισι","gloss":"Zeus-nurtured","note":"διοτρεφής, 'fostered by Zeus', a formulaic epithet applied to kings/peoples, here the Phaeacians."},{"surface":"μιγήῃς","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"you mingle/join"}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b5-l379","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὥς σε ἔολπα ὀνόσσεσθαι κακότητος.","translation":"Even so, I think you will not make light of your misery.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔολπα","gloss":"even so"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ὀνόσσεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἔολπα","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I expect","note":"ἔολπα, perfect of ἔλπω with present meaning 'I expect/hope' — perfect-as-present is common with a few Greek verbs of mental state."},{"surface":"ὀνόσσεσθαι","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔολπα","gloss":"will scorn/make light"},{"surface":"κακότητος","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀνόσσεσθαι","gloss":"misery"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b5-l380","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους,","translation":"So speaking he whipped his fair-maned horses,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵμασεν","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἵμασεν","lemma":"ἱμάσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"whipped/lashed"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχας","lemma":"καλλίθριξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἵππους","gloss":"fair-maned","note":"καλλίθριξ, a compound epithet ('lovely-haired') for horses, typical of Homer's decorative animal epithets."},{"surface":"ἵππους","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵμασεν","gloss":"horses"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b5-l381","source":"ἵκετο δʼ εἰς Αἰγάς, ὅθι οἱ κλυτὰ δώματʼ ἔασιν.","translation":"and came to Aegae, where his famous halls stand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came/arrived"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Αἰγάς","lemma":"Αἰγαί","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"Aegae","note":"Aegae is Poseidon's legendary undersea home, mentioned elsewhere as his seat of worship."},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔασιν","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματ᾽","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Αἰγάς","gloss":"stand/are"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b5-l382","source":"αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη κούρη Διὸς ἄλλʼ ἐνόησεν.","translation":"But Athena, daughter of Zeus, had other thoughts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l382.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κούρη Διός","title":"Epithet: daughter of Zeus","body":"Athena is repeatedly named \"daughter of Zeus,\" stressing both her divine rank and her special closeness to her father's will."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ἀθηναίη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κούρη","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἄλλ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐνόησεν","gloss":"other things"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"thought/planned","note":"Marks the narrative pivot: while Poseidon leaves satisfied, Athena immediately counters by helping Odysseus."}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b5-l383","source":"ἦ τοι τῶν ἄλλων ἀνέμων κατέδησε κελεύθους,","translation":"She bound back the paths of all the other winds,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[emphasis]"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμων","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κελεύθους","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"κατέδησε","lemma":"καταδέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bound up","note":"καταδέω 'bind down' — Athena restrains the winds' 'paths' as if they were roads that could be closed off."},{"surface":"κελεύθους","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατέδησε","gloss":"paths/courses"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b5-l384","source":"παύσασθαι δʼ ἐκέλευσε καὶ εὐνηθῆναι ἅπαντας·","translation":"and bade them all cease and lie down to rest;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παύσασθαι","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to cease"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade/ordered"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐνηθῆναι","lemma":"εὐνάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to lie down"},{"surface":"ἅπαντας","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b5-l385","source":"ὦρσε δʼ ἐπὶ κραιπνὸν Βορέην, πρὸ δὲ κύματʼ ἔαξεν,","translation":"but she roused a swift North Wind and broke down the waves before it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up/against"},{"surface":"κραιπνὸν","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Βορέην","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Βορέην","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρσε","gloss":"North Wind","note":"Βορέης (Boreas), the North Wind, here used by Athena to calm the sea and speed Odysseus onward."},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before/in front"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύματ","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔαξεν","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"ἔαξεν","lemma":"ἄγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"broke"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b5-l386","source":"ἧος ὃ Φαιήκεσσι φιληρέτμοισι μιγείη","translation":"so that Zeus-born Odysseus might come among the oar-loving Phaeacians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l386.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φιληρέτμοισι","title":"\"Oar-loving\"","body":"A standing epithet of the Phaeacians, a seafaring people \"fond of the oar\" — fitting for those whose magic ships will carry Odysseus home."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until","note":"ἧος...μιγείη: purpose/result clause with aorist passive optative, epic for 'so that he might reach.'"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μιγείη","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσι","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μιγείη","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"φιληρέτμοισι","lemma":"φιλήρετμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαιήκεσσι","gloss":"oar-loving","note":"φιλήρετμος, a formulaic epithet marking the Phaeacians as a seafaring people, fond of the oar."},{"surface":"μιγείη","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἧος","gloss":"might mingle/reach"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b5-l387","source":"διογενὴς Ὀδυσεὺς θάνατον καὶ κῆρας ἀλύξας.","translation":"escaping death and the spirits of doom.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l387.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κῆρας","title":"Kēres: the death-spirits","body":"The kēres are personified spirits of death and doom; paired with thanatos here, they make the danger vivid and almost living."}],"words":[{"surface":"διογενὴς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"Zeus-born","note":"διογενής, a formulaic epithet of Odysseus marking noble/divine descent, common across the epic."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μιγείη","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρας","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fates/dooms"},{"surface":"ἀλύξας","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μιγείη","gloss":"escaping"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b5-l388","source":"ἔνθα δύω νύκτας δύο τʼ ἤματα κύματι πηγῷ","translation":"There for two nights and two days on the heaving wave","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλάζετο","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νύκτας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"κύματι","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to πλάζετο","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"πηγῷ","lemma":"πηγός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματι","gloss":"heaving/surging","note":"πηγός here 'strong/heaving' describing the swelling sea that tosses Odysseus for two days and nights."}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b5-l389","source":"πλάζετο, πολλὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη προτιόσσετʼ ὄλεθρον.","translation":"he drifted, and again and again his heart foresaw destruction.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλάζετο","lemma":"πλάζω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he drifted"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προτιόσσετ᾽","gloss":"much/often"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κραδίη","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προτιόσσετ᾽","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"προτιόσσετ","lemma":"προτιόσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"foresaw","note":"προτιόσσετο, 'looked ahead to' — vivid compound suggesting the heart 'seeing' doom before it arrives."},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προτιόσσετ᾽","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b5-l390","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τρίτον ἦμαρ ἐυπλόκαμος τέλεσʼ Ἠώς,","translation":"But when fair-haired Dawn brought the third day to its fullness,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l390.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐυπλόκαμος Ἠώς","title":"Epithet: fair-haired Dawn","body":"Dawn carries many formulaic epithets; \"fair-tressed\" pictures her as a radiant goddess and marks the start of a new day in the narrative."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τρίτον","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τέλεσ᾽","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἐυπλόκαμος","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"εὐπλόκαμος, 'with lovely braids/locks' — a stock beauty epithet applied to goddesses like Dawn."},{"surface":"τέλεσ","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"brought/completed"},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέλεσ᾽","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b5-l391","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἔπειτʼ ἄνεμος μὲν ἐπαύσατο ἠδὲ γαλήνη","translation":"then at last the wind died down, and a windless calm","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπαύσατο","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[marks contrast]"},{"surface":"ἐπαύσατο","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ceased/died down"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαλήνη","lemma":"γαλήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔπλετο","gloss":"windless calm","note":"γαλήνη...νηνεμίη, two near-synonyms for stillness stacked for emphasis at a turning point in the storm."}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b5-l392","source":"ἔπλετο νηνεμίη· ὁ δʼ ἄρα σχεδὸν εἴσιδε γαῖαν","translation":"came over the sea; and he caught sight of land close by,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came about"},{"surface":"νηνεμίη","lemma":"νηνέμιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαλήνη","gloss":"windless calm"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴσιδε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"εἴσιδε","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught sight of"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴσιδε","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b5-l393","source":"ὀξὺ μάλα προϊδών, μεγάλου ὑπὸ κύματος ἀρθείς.","translation":"looking out sharply, lifted high upon a great wave.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προϊδών","gloss":"sharply/keenly"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"προϊδών","lemma":"προεῖδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"looking ahead","note":"προϊδών, 'having seen before/ahead' — the moment Odysseus first spots land after two days adrift."},{"surface":"μεγάλου","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"κύματος","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"ἀρθείς","lemma":"αἴρω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"lifted up"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b5-l394","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἀσπάσιος βίοτος παίδεσσι φανήῃ","translation":"As when life returns, welcome, to children whose father","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indef. particle)","note":"ἄν+subjunctive gives a general 'whenever' sense to the simile clause."},{"surface":"ἀσπάσιος","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"βίοτος","lemma":"βίοτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of φανήῃ","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"παίδεσσι","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φανήῃ","gloss":"to children","note":"παίδεσσι is the old epic dative plural in -εσσι, not Attic παισί."},{"surface":"φανήῃ","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"appears"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b5-l395","source":"πατρός, ὃς ἐν νούσῳ κεῖται κρατέρʼ ἄλγεα πάσχων,","translation":"has lain in sickness, suffering hard pains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πατρός","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βίοτος","gloss":"father's"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νούσῳ","lemma":"νόσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"sickness"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"κρατέρ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχων","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"πάσχων","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"suffering"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b5-l396","source":"δηρὸν τηκόμενος, στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δαίμων,","translation":"wasting long, while a hateful god assailed him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to τηκόμενος","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"τηκόμενος","lemma":"τήκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"wasting away","note":"Middle/passive τηκόμενος: the father 'melts' himself, i.e. wastes away from illness."},{"surface":"στυγερὸς","lemma":"στυγερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δαίμων","gloss":"hateful"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχραε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔχραε","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δέ","gloss":"assailed"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχραε","gloss":"a god","note":"δαίμων here is an unnamed hostile divine force, not a named Olympian — common Homeric usage for fate/affliction."}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b5-l397","source":"ἀσπάσιον δʼ ἄρα τόν γε θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν,","translation":"and then, welcome, the gods free him from his misery —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀσπάσιον","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"κακότητος","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔλυσαν","gloss":"from misery","note":"Genitive of separation with λύω: 'freed him from misery' — the genitive marks what he is released from."},{"surface":"ἔλυσαν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"freed"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b5-l398","source":"ὣς Ὀδυσεῖ ἀσπαστὸν ἐείσατο γαῖα καὶ ὕλη,","translation":"so welcome to Odysseus appeared the land and its trees,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐείσατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεῖ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐείσατο","gloss":"to Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἀσπαστὸν","lemma":"ἀσπαστός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐείσατο","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"ἐείσατο","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appeared","note":"εἴδομαι (aor. ἐείσατο) is the middle 'seemed/appeared', echoing the simile's φανήῃ — the whole simile pivots on this repeated idea of longed-for appearance."},{"surface":"γαῖα","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕλη","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"woodland"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b5-l399","source":"νῆχε δʼ ἐπειγόμενος ποσὶν ἠπείρου ἐπιβῆναι.","translation":"and he swam, straining to set foot upon the mainland.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆχε","lemma":"νήχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he swam"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπειγόμενος","lemma":"ἐπείγω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νῆχε","gloss":"straining"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιβῆναι","gloss":"with his feet","note":"ποσίν dative of means/instrument: swimming 'with his feet' toward setting foot on land."},{"surface":"ἠπείρου","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβῆναι","gloss":"the mainland"},{"surface":"ἐπιβῆναι","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπειγόμενος","gloss":"to set foot"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b5-l400","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε τόσσον ἀπῆν ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας,","translation":"But when he was as far off as a man's shout can carry,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l400.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας","title":"A shout's distance","body":"Homer measures distance by how far a man's shout can be heard — a vivid, human unit rather than an abstract measure."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπῆν","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"ἀπῆν","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὅτε","gloss":"he was off"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to γέγωνε","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(particle)"},{"surface":"γέγωνε","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τόσσον","gloss":"carries","note":"γέγωνα is a perfect with present force, 'has made himself heard' = 'can be heard/carry' — a shout's range as a distance measure."},{"surface":"βοήσας","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γέγωνε","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b5-l401","source":"καὶ δὴ δοῦπον ἄκουσε ποτὶ σπιλάδεσσι θαλάσσης·","translation":"he heard the thud of the sea against the reefs;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δοῦπον","lemma":"δοῦπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσε","gloss":"thud"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he heard"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"σπιλάδεσσι","lemma":"σπιλάς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ποτὶ","gloss":"the reefs"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δοῦπον","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b5-l402","source":"ῥόχθει γὰρ μέγα κῦμα ποτὶ ξερὸν ἠπείροιο","translation":"for the great wave roared against the dry land,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥόχθει","lemma":"ῥοχθέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ῥόχθει","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"ξερὸν","lemma":"ξερόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"dry land"},{"surface":"ἠπείροιο","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ξερὸν","gloss":"of the mainland","note":"ἠπείροιο is the old genitive singular in -οιο (epic form of -ου)."}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b5-l403","source":"δεινὸν ἐρευγόμενον, εἴλυτο δὲ πάνθʼ ἁλὸς ἄχνῃ·","translation":"belching dreadfully, and everything was wrapped in salt spray;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινὸν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐρευγόμενον","gloss":"dreadfully"},{"surface":"ἐρευγόμενον","lemma":"ἐρεύγομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ῥόχθει","gloss":"belching"},{"surface":"εἴλυτο","lemma":"εἰλύω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was wrapped","note":"Pluperfect εἴλυτο conveys a resulting state ('lay wrapped/enveloped') — the normal stative force of a Greek pluperfect, not a present-tense sense."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάνθ","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of εἴλυτο","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄχνῃ","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἄχνῃ","lemma":"ἄχνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴλυτο","gloss":"in spray"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b5-l404","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔσαν λιμένες νηῶν ὄχοι, οὐδʼ ἐπιωγαί.","translation":"for there were no harbors to hold ships, nor any roadsteads,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"λιμένες","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"harbors"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ὄχοι","gloss":"for ships"},{"surface":"ὄχοι","lemma":"ὄχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"holds","note":"ὄχοι νηῶν literally 'holders of ships' = mooring places, an epic kenning-like phrase for harbor anchorage."},{"surface":"ἐπιωγαί","lemma":"ἐπιωγαί","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"roadsteads"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b5-l405","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκταὶ προβλῆτες ἔσαν σπιλάδες τε πάγοι τε·","translation":"but jutting headlands, reefs, and crags.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀκταὶ","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"headlands"},{"surface":"προβλῆτες","lemma":"προβλής","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀκταὶ","gloss":"jutting"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"σπιλάδες","lemma":"σπιλάς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"reefs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάγοι","lemma":"πάγος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"crags"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε...τε strings three nouns in the old epic correlative style, unlike a single καί list."}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b5-l406","source":"καὶ τότʼ Ὀδυσσῆος λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ,","translation":"And then Odysseus's knees gave way and his heart sank,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l406.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λύτο γούνατα","title":"\"His knees were loosened\"","body":"A recurring formula for sudden fear or collapse: the knees \"are loosed\" as strength fails. Here it marks Odysseus's despair at the cliffs."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λύτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Odysseus's"},{"surface":"λύτο","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave way","note":"λύτο γούνατα, 'his knees were loosed', is a fixed Homeric formula for sudden fear or collapse."},{"surface":"γούνατα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b5-l407","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·","translation":"and troubled he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"spirit","note":"εἶπε πρὸς ὃν... θυμόν is the standard Homeric formula introducing a hero's inner monologue."}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b5-l408","source":"ὤ μοι, ἐπεὶ δὴ γαῖαν ἀελπέα δῶκεν ἰδέσθαι","translation":"\"Alas, now that Zeus has granted me to see land beyond all hope,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah me"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(exclamatory)"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἀελπέα","lemma":"ἀελπής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"unhoped-for"},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to see"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b5-l409","source":"Ζεύς, καὶ δὴ τόδε λαῖτμα διατμήξας ἐπέρησα,","translation":"and I have cut my way across this gulf and crossed it through,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεύς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"Zeus","note":"Subject held back to enjambment at line-start — Odysseus names the god only after the emotional exclamation."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies λαῖτμα","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"λαῖτμα","lemma":"λαῖτμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπέρησα","gloss":"gulf"},{"surface":"διατμήξας","lemma":"διατμήγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέρησα","gloss":"cutting through"},{"surface":"ἐπέρησα","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"I crossed"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b5-l410","source":"ἔκβασις οὔ πῃ φαίνεθʼ ἁλὸς πολιοῖο θύραζε·","translation":"no way out of the gray sea appears toward dry ground;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκβασις","lemma":"ἔκβασις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φαίνεθ᾽","gloss":"way out"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πῃ","lemma":"πη","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to φαίνεθ᾽","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"φαίνεθ","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"appears"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔκβασις","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"πολιοῖο","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies ἔκβασις","gloss":"toward shore"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b5-l411","source":"ἔκτοσθεν μὲν γὰρ πάγοι ὀξέες, ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα","translation":"for offshore are sharp crags, and all around the wave","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκτοσθεν","lemma":"ἔκτοσθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάγοι","lemma":"πάγος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"crags"},{"surface":"ὀξέες","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάγοι","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βέβρυχεν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of βέβρυχεν","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b5-l412","source":"βέβρυχεν ῥόθιον, λισσὴ δʼ ἀναδέδρομε πέτρη,","translation":"roars and breaks, and the rock runs up sheer and smooth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βέβρυχεν","lemma":"βρυχάομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roars","note":"βέβρυχεν, perfect of βρυχάομαι 'to roar/bellow', used with present force for the sea's ongoing din."},{"surface":"ῥόθιον","lemma":"ῥόθιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"crashing"},{"surface":"λισσὴ","lemma":"λισσός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρη","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀναδέδρομε","lemma":"ἀνατρέχω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"runs up sheer"},{"surface":"πέτρη","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀναδέδρομε","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b5-l413","source":"ἀγχιβαθὴς δὲ θάλασσα, καὶ οὔ πως ἔστι πόδεσσι","translation":"and the sea is deep close in, and there is no way to plant","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχιβαθὴς","lemma":"ἀγχιβαθής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"deep close in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔστι","gloss":"anyhow"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is possible"},{"surface":"πόδεσσι","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of στήμεναι","gloss":"with feet"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b5-l414","source":"στήμεναι ἀμφοτέροισι καὶ ἐκφυγέειν κακότητα·","translation":"both feet and stand and escape from disaster;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στήμεναι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to stand","note":"στήμεναι is the epic infinitive ending -μεναι (= Attic στῆναι), common in Homer for metrical flexibility."},{"surface":"ἀμφοτέροισι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόδεσσι","gloss":"with both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκφυγέειν","lemma":"ἐκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"to escape"},{"surface":"κακότητα","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκφυγέειν","gloss":"disaster"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b5-l415","source":"μή πώς μʼ ἐκβαίνοντα βάλῃ λίθακι ποτὶ πέτρῃ","translation":"I fear that, as I climb out, a great wave may snatch me","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to βάλῃ","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of βάλῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐκβαίνοντα","lemma":"ἐκβαίνω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"climbing out"},{"surface":"βάλῃ","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"strike","note":"μή + subjunctive βάλῃ expresses a fearful anticipation: 'lest it dash me...' — a clause of fearing."},{"surface":"λίθακι","lemma":"λίθαξ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πέτρῃ","gloss":"stony"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"πέτρῃ","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b5-l416","source":"κῦμα μέγʼ ἁρπάξαν· μελέη δέ μοι ἔσσεται ὁρμή.","translation":"and hurl me against the stony rock, and my effort will be in vain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of βάλῃ","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἁρπάξαν","lemma":"ἁρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to βάλῃ","gloss":"snatching up"},{"surface":"μελέη","lemma":"μέλεος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"vain"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὁρμή","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ἔσσεται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"},{"surface":"ὁρμή","lemma":"ὁρμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔσσεται","gloss":"my effort","note":"ὁρμή 'rush/effort/impulse' here means his attempt to land — 'my attempt will be in vain.'"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b5-l417","source":"εἰ δέ κʼ ἔτι προτέρω παρανήξομαι, ἤν που ἐφεύρω","translation":"But if I swim still farther along, in hope of finding","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indef. particle)"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of παρανήξομαι","gloss":"farther"},{"surface":"παρανήξομαι","lemma":"παρανήχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"I swim along","note":"παρανήξομαι: subjunctive with short vowel, epic aorist subjunctive spelled like a future — 'if I swim on further.'"},{"surface":"ἤν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφεύρω","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἐφεύρω","lemma":"ἐφευρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤν","gloss":"I find"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b5-l418","source":"ἠιόνας τε παραπλῆγας λιμένας τε θαλάσσης,","translation":"shelving beaches and harbors of the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠιόνας","lemma":"ἠιών","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"beaches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παραπλῆγας","lemma":"παραπλήξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠιόνας","gloss":"shelving"},{"surface":"λιμένας","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"harbors"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies λιμένας","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b5-l419","source":"δείδω μή μʼ ἐξαῦτις ἀναρπάξασα θύελλα","translation":"I am afraid a squall may snatch me up once more","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δείδω","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐξαῦτις","lemma":"ἐξαῦτις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναρπάξασα","gloss":"once again"},{"surface":"ἀναρπάξασα","lemma":"ἀναρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to φέρῃ","gloss":"snatching up","note":"ἀναρπάξασα, fem. participle agreeing with θύελλα 'squall' — the storm-wind personified as the seizer."},{"surface":"θύελλα","lemma":"θύελλα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φέρῃ","gloss":"squall"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b5-l420","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα φέρῃ βαρέα στενάχοντα,","translation":"and carry me back over the fish-filled sea, groaning heavily,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l420.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἰχθυόεντα","title":"Epithet: fish-filled","body":"\"Fish-teeming\" is a standing epithet of the sea, evoking its swarming depths — here giving an ominous edge as Odysseus fears the monsters in it."}],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἰχθυόεντα","lemma":"ἰχθυόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"fish-filled"},{"surface":"φέρῃ","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἠέ","gloss":"carry"},{"surface":"βαρέα","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντα","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"στενάχοντα","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"groaning"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b5-l421","source":"ἠέ τί μοι καὶ κῆτος ἐπισσεύῃ μέγα δαίμων","translation":"or some great god may rouse a sea-monster against me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies κῆτος","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπισσεύῃ","gloss":"against me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κῆτος","lemma":"κῆτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπισσεύῃ","gloss":"sea-monster"},{"surface":"ἐπισσεύῃ","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ἠέ","gloss":"rouse"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆτος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπισσεύῃ","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b5-l422","source":"ἐξ ἁλός, οἷά τε πολλὰ τρέφει κλυτὸς Ἀμφιτρίτη·","translation":"out of the deep, such as glorious Amphitrite breeds in plenty;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ἁλός","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"οἷά","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τρέφει","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic tag)"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"many, in plenty"},{"surface":"τρέφει","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κῆτος","gloss":"breeds","note":"τρέφει 'nourishes/breeds' generalizing present, describing what the sea typically produces"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀμφιτρίτη","gloss":"glorious","note":"κλυτός is a stock epithet applied to gods; here to Amphitrite, sea-goddess"},{"surface":"Ἀμφιτρίτη","lemma":"Ἀμφιτρίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τρέφει","gloss":"Amphitrite"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b5-l423","source":"οἶδα γάρ, ὥς μοι ὀδώδυσται κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος.","translation":"for I know how the glorious earth-shaker rages at me.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l423.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀδώδυσται","title":"A pun on the name","body":"The verb for Poseidon's wrath, odōdystai, echoes the name Odysseus — Homer plays on the hero as \"the man of wrath / the hated one.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know","note":"perfect οἶδα with present sense 'I know', a common Greek irregular perfect"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀδώδυσται","gloss":"at me"},{"surface":"ὀδώδυσται","lemma":"ὀδύσσομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὥς","gloss":"rages, is angry","note":"ὀδώδυσται perfect middle of ὀδύσσομαι 'be angry at'; wordplay with hero's name Ὀδυσσεύς"},{"surface":"κλυτὸς","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιος","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιος","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀδώδυσται","gloss":"earth-shaker","note":"ἐννοσίγαιος, epithet of Poseidon meaning 'earth-shaker'"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b5-l424","source":"ἧος ὁ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,","translation":"While he turned this over in his mind and heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ταῦθ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ὥρμαινε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὥρμαινε","lemma":"ὁρμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἧος","gloss":"turned over","note":"ὥρμαινε imperfect, 'kept pondering'—ongoing mental action"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart","note":"κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, formulaic doubling for 'mind and heart'"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b5-l425","source":"τόφρα δέ μιν μέγα κῦμα φέρε τρηχεῖαν ἐπʼ ἀκτήν.","translation":"a great wave bore him toward the rugged shore.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρε","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φέρε","gloss":"wave","note":"κῦμα, subject of φέρε; the wave itself acts as agent, driving the action"},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore, carried"},{"surface":"τρηχεῖαν","lemma":"τραχύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀκτήν","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"ἀκτήν","lemma":"ἀκτή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"shore"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b5-l426","source":"ἔνθα κʼ ἀπὸ ῥινοὺς δρύφθη, σὺν δʼ ὀστέʼ ἀράχθη,","translation":"There the skin would have been stripped from him and his bones crushed,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l426.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔνθα κʼ ... εἰ μὴ","title":"An unreal \"if not\"","body":"Homer marks a disaster that almost happened: \"there he would have... if Athena had not...\" The construction (potential with ken, then a contrary-to-fact clause) shows the goddess's intervention."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would have)","note":"κ(ε) + aorist indicative marks unreal past condition: 'would have been stripped'"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ῥινοὺς","lemma":"ῥινός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δρύφθη","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"δρύφθη","lemma":"δρύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stripped"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀστέ","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀράχθη","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"ἀράχθη","lemma":"ἀράσσω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were crushed"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b5-l427","source":"εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·","translation":"had not the goddess, bright-eyed Athena, put it in his mind:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l427.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη","title":"Epithet: bright-eyed Athena","body":"\"Gleaming-eyed\" (or \"owl-eyed\") Athena is one of her commonest epithets, marking her keen, flashing gaze and shrewd intelligence."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"εἰ μὴ = 'had not', introducing counterfactual that averts the disaster just described"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"θεά","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"goddess"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed","note":"γλαυκῶπις, Athena's standing epithet, 'flashing-eyed/owl-eyed'"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b5-l428","source":"ἀμφοτέρῃσι δὲ χερσὶν ἐπεσσύμενος λάβε πέτρης,","translation":"with both hands he rushed and seized the rock,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφοτέρῃσι","lemma":"ἀμφότερος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"with both"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσύμενος","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"rushing on","note":"ἐπεσσύμενος perfect participle with present force, 'in a rush'"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"the rock"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b5-l429","source":"τῆς ἔχετο στενάχων, ἧος μέγα κῦμα παρῆλθε.","translation":"and clung to it groaning until the great wave passed by.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχετο","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"ἔχετο","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πέτρης","gloss":"clung, held on","note":"ἔχετο middle voice, 'held himself to' = clung"},{"surface":"στενάχων","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔχετο","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of παρῆλθε","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"παρῆλθε","lemma":"παρέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἧος","gloss":"passed by"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b5-l430","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν ὣς ὑπάλυξε, παλιρρόθιον δέ μιν αὖτις","translation":"So that one he escaped; but the backwash struck him again","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so, and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὑπάλυξε","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπάλυξε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ὑπάλυξε","lemma":"ὑπαλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"παλιρρόθιον","lemma":"παλιρρόθιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"backwash","note":"παλιρρόθιον, 'the backward-rushing wave/undertow', vivid nautical term"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πλῆξεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλῆξεν","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b5-l431","source":"πλῆξεν ἐπεσσύμενον, τηλοῦ δέ μιν ἔμβαλε πόντῳ.","translation":"as it rushed on, and flung him far out into the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλῆξεν","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐπεσσύμενον","lemma":"ἐπισεύω","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to πλῆξεν","gloss":"rushing on","note":"ἐπεσσύμενον agrees with the backwash (neuter), 'as it surged'"},{"surface":"τηλοῦ","lemma":"τηλοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμβαλε","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔμβαλε","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμβαλε","gloss":"into the sea"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b5-l432","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε πουλύποδος θαλάμης ἐξελκομένοιο","translation":"As when an octopus is dragged from its lair","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πουλύποδος","lemma":"πολύπους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κοτυληδονόφιν","gloss":"octopus","note":"πουλύποδος, epic form of πολύπους 'octopus'; opens a long Homeric simile"},{"surface":"θαλάμης","lemma":"θαλάμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξελκομένοιο","gloss":"lair, den"},{"surface":"ἐξελκομένοιο","lemma":"ἐξέλκω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being dragged out"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b5-l433","source":"πρὸς κοτυληδονόφιν πυκιναὶ λάιγγες ἔχονται,","translation":"and thick pebbles cling to its suckers,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, on"},{"surface":"κοτυληδονόφιν","lemma":"κοτυληδών","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"suckers","note":"κοτυληδονόφιν, rare instrumental/dative plural form in -φιν, archaic epic case ending"},{"surface":"πυκιναὶ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies λάιγγες","gloss":"thick, close-set"},{"surface":"λάιγγες","lemma":"λᾶιγξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχονται","gloss":"pebbles"},{"surface":"ἔχονται","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέδρυφθεν","gloss":"cling"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b5-l434","source":"ὣς τοῦ πρὸς πέτρῃσι θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν","translation":"so the skin from his bold hands was stripped","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπέδρυφθεν","gloss":"so","note":"ὣς...ὣς correlative simile frame answering the earlier ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε 'as when...so'"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"πέτρῃσι","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"θρασειάων","lemma":"θρασύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"bold, brave"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b5-l435","source":"ῥινοὶ ἀπέδρυφθεν· τὸν δὲ μέγα κῦμα κάλυψεν.","translation":"against the rocks; and the great wave closed over him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥινοὶ","lemma":"ῥινός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέδρυφθεν","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"ἀπέδρυφθεν","lemma":"ἀποδρύπτω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stripped off","note":"ἀπέδρυφθεν completes the octopus simile begun two lines earlier"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κάλυψεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κάλυψεν","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"κάλυψεν","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered, closed over"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b5-l436","source":"ἔνθα κε δὴ δύστηνος ὑπὲρ μόρον ὤλετʼ Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"There wretched Odysseus would have died beyond his fated doom,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὤλετ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would have)","note":"κε + aorist ὤλετ᾽ = unreal past 'would have perished', another averted-death formula"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δύστηνος","lemma":"δύστηνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"fate, doom","note":"ὑπὲρ μόρον 'beyond what was fated'—dying before one's due time"},{"surface":"ὤλετ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλετ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b5-l437","source":"εἰ μὴ ἐπιφροσύνην δῶκε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.","translation":"had not bright-eyed Athena given him presence of mind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπιφροσύνην","lemma":"ἐπιφροσύνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"presence of mind","note":"ἐπιφροσύνη, 'quick wits/good counsel'—Athena's gift that saves him"},{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"had given"},{"surface":"γλαυκῶπις","lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"bright-eyed"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δῶκε","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b5-l438","source":"κύματος ἐξαναδύς, τά τʼ ἐρεύγεται ἤπειρόνδε,","translation":"Rising up from under the wave that belched against the land,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύματος","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξαναδύς","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"ἐξαναδύς","lemma":"ἐξαναδύομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νῆχε","gloss":"rising up from under","note":"ἐξαναδύς, vivid compound 'up-and-out-diving', picturing him surfacing"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρεύγεται","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic tag)"},{"surface":"ἐρεύγεται","lemma":"ἐρεύγομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κύματος","gloss":"belches, surges"},{"surface":"ἤπειρόνδε","lemma":"ἤπειρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐρεύγεται","gloss":"toward land","note":"ἤπειρόνδε, directional suffix -δε 'to(ward) the mainland'"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b5-l439","source":"νῆχε παρέξ, ἐς γαῖαν ὁρώμενος, εἴ που ἐφεύροι","translation":"he swam along outside it, looking toward the land, in hope of finding","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆχε","lemma":"νήχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swam"},{"surface":"παρέξ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νῆχε","gloss":"alongside, outside"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ὁρώμενος","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νῆχε","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"anywhere"},{"surface":"ἐφεύροι","lemma":"ἐφευρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"might find","note":"optative ἐφεύροι expresses hoped-for possibility, 'in hope he might find'"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b5-l440","source":"ἠιόνας τε παραπλῆγας λιμένας τε θαλάσσης.","translation":"shelving beaches and harbors of the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠιόνας","lemma":"ἠιών","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"beaches"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic tag)"},{"surface":"παραπλῆγας","lemma":"παραπλήξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies ἠιόνας","gloss":"shelving, sloping"},{"surface":"λιμένας","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"harbors"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(epic tag)"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies λιμένας","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b5-l441","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ποταμοῖο κατὰ στόμα καλλιρόοιο","translation":"But when, swimming on, he reached the mouth of a fair-flowing river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies στόμα","gloss":"of a river"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"καλλιρόοιο","lemma":"καλλίρους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμοῖο","gloss":"fair-flowing","note":"καλλιρόοιο, compound epithet 'beautiful-flowing', typical of Homeric river descriptions"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b5-l442","source":"ἷξε νέων, τῇ δή οἱ ἐείσατο χῶρος ἄριστος,","translation":"the spot seemed best to him of all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l442.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἷξε","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"he reached","note":"ἷξε, aorist of ἵκω, correlates with ὅτε in the previous line: 'when...he reached'"},{"surface":"νέων","lemma":"νέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἷξε","gloss":"swimming"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐείσατο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐείσατο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἐείσατο","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"seemed","note":"ἐείσατο, epic aorist of εἴδομαι 'appeared/seemed'"},{"surface":"χῶρος","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐείσατο","gloss":"spot, place"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χῶρος","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b5-l443","source":"λεῖος πετράων, καὶ ἐπὶ σκέπας ἦν ἀνέμοιο,","translation":"smooth and free of rocks, and there was shelter from the wind.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λεῖος","lemma":"λεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χῶρος","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"πετράων","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies λεῖος","gloss":"of rocks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on it, there"},{"surface":"σκέπας","lemma":"σκέπας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"shelter"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies σκέπας","gloss":"from wind"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b5-l444","source":"ἔγνω δὲ προρέοντα καὶ εὔξατο ὃν κατὰ θυμόν·","translation":"He recognized the river streaming out, and prayed within his heart:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l444.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εὔξατο","title":"Aorist middle of prayer","body":"εὔξατο is aorist middle: the act of praying reflects back on the subject. The middle voice is regular for verbs of personal interest like praying."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγνω","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recognized"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προρέοντα","lemma":"προρέω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"streaming forth","note":"προρέοντα, participle describing the river 'flowing out (to sea)'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔξατο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own","note":"ὃν, possessive reflexive 'his own', epic ἑός"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b5-l445","source":"κλῦθι, ἄναξ, ὅτις ἐσσί· πολύλλιστον δέ σʼ\n                     ἱκάνω,","translation":"\"Hear me, lord, whoever you are. As one much prayed to I come to you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθι","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear!","note":"κλῦθι, aorist imperative opening a formal prayer, 'hearken!'"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"ἐσσί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄναξ","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"πολύλλιστον","lemma":"πολύλλιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"much-prayed-to","note":"πολύλλιστον, rare compound epithet, 'much invoked in prayer'"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I come to"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b5-l446","source":"φεύγων ἐκ πόντοιο Ποσειδάωνος ἐνιπάς.","translation":"fleeing out of the sea from Poseidon's threats.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l446.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνω","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"πόντοιο","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνος","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνιπάς","gloss":"Poseidon's"},{"surface":"ἐνιπάς","lemma":"ἐνιπή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of φεύγων","gloss":"threats, rebukes","note":"ἐνιπάς, 'reproaches/threats', here Poseidon's wrathful pursuit"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b5-l447","source":"αἰδοῖος μέν τʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν","translation":"Even to the immortal gods that man is held in reverence","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδοῖος","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"revered, respected","note":"αἰδοῖος, 'worthy of aidōs/reverence'—suppliants command respect even from gods"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic tag)"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even, also"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"to gods"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b5-l448","source":"ἀνδρῶν ὅς τις ἵκηται ἀλώμενος, ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ νῦν","translation":"who comes as a wanderer, as I too come now","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"comes","note":"ἵκηται subjunctive in indefinite relative clause, 'whoever may come'"},{"surface":"ἀλώμενος","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκηται","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνω","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκάνω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνω","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b5-l449","source":"σόν τε ῥόον σά τε γούναθʼ ἱκάνω πολλὰ μογήσας.","translation":"to your stream and your knees, after much suffering.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σόν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥόον","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(epic tag)"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"σά","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γούναθ᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"(epic tag)"},{"surface":"γούναθ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"knees","note":"γούναθ᾽ ἱκάνω, formulaic supplication gesture, 'I come to your knees'"},{"surface":"ἱκάνω","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶ","gloss":"I come to"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μογήσας","gloss":"much, greatly"},{"surface":"μογήσας","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκάνω","gloss":"having suffered"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b5-l450","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐλέαιρε, ἄναξ· ἱκέτης δέ τοι εὔχομαι εἶναι.","translation":"Have mercy, lord. I declare myself your suppliant.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐλέαιρε","lemma":"ἐλεαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have mercy","note":"Imperative addressed to the river-god; epic ἐλεαίρω, not the common ἐλεέω."},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἱκέτης","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"suppliant","note":"Predicate noun after εἶναι: 'I declare myself to be a suppliant.'"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ἱκέτης","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"εὔχομαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I declare"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχομαι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b5-l451","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὁ δʼ αὐτίκα παῦσεν ἑὸν ῥόον, ἔσχε δὲ\n                  κῦμα,","translation":"So he spoke, and at once the god stayed his stream and checked the wave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"φάθ᾽ = elided φάτο, aorist middle of φημί, common epic 'so he spoke' formula."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παῦσεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παῦσεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"παῦσεν","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"ἑὸν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ῥόον","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός is the epic possessive 'his own,' reflexive to the subject (the river-god)."},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παῦσεν","gloss":"stream"},{"surface":"ἔσχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"checked"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔσχε","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b5-l452","source":"πρόσθε δέ οἱ ποίησε γαλήνην, τὸν δʼ ἐσάωσεν","translation":"and made a calm before him, and brought him safely","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρόσθε","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποίησε","gloss":"before him"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ποίησε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ποίησε","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"γαλήνην","lemma":"γαλήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποίησε","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐσάωσεν","gloss":"him","note":"τόν used as a demonstrative pronoun 'him,' Homeric use of the article as ὁ/ἡ/τό pronoun."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσάωσεν","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saved"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b5-l453","source":"ἐς ποταμοῦ προχοάς. ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄμφω γούνατʼ ἔκαμψε","translation":"to the river's outflow. Then he bent both his knees","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ποταμοῦ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies προχοάς","gloss":"river's"},{"surface":"προχοάς","lemma":"προχοή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"outflow"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔκαμψε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual neuter adjective","role":"modifies γούνατ᾽","gloss":"both","note":"ἄμφω is a dual form 'both' agreeing with the dual noun γούνατ᾽ (knees)."},{"surface":"γούνατ","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative dual neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"ἔκαμψε","lemma":"κάμπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bent"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b5-l454","source":"χεῖράς τε στιβαράς. ἁλὶ γὰρ δέδμητο φίλον κῆρ.","translation":"and his sturdy hands, for the sea had broken his very heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῖράς","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στιβαράς","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖράς","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"ἁλὶ","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δέδμητο","gloss":"by the sea"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δέδμητο","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had broken","note":"Pluperfect δέδμητο 'had been worn down/broken' captures the ordeal already suffered."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of δέδμητο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b5-l455","source":"ᾤδεε δὲ χρόα πάντα, θάλασσα δὲ κήκιε πολλὴ","translation":"All his flesh was swollen, and the sea gushed out in streams","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤδεε","lemma":"οἰδέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was swollen"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρόα","lemma":"χρώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ᾤδεε","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρόα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κήκιε","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κήκιε","lemma":"κηκίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gushed"},{"surface":"πολλὴ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"much","note":"πολλή stands loosely as a complement describing the manner/amount of the gushing sea-water."}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b5-l456","source":"ἂν στόμα τε ῥῖνάς θʼ· ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄπνευστος καὶ ἄναυδος","translation":"from his mouth and nostrils. Breathless and speechless","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"up from"},{"surface":"στόμα","lemma":"στόμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥῖνάς","lemma":"ῥίς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"nostrils"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄπνευστος","lemma":"ἄπνευστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"breathless"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄναυδος","lemma":"ἄναυδος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"speechless"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b5-l457","source":"κεῖτʼ ὀλιγηπελέων, κάματος δέ μιν αἰνὸς ἵκανεν.","translation":"he lay, barely alive, and a dreadful weariness came over him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he lay"},{"surface":"ὀλιγηπελέων","lemma":"ὀλιγηπελέων","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"faint, weak","note":"Rare epic compound ὀλιγηπελέων 'having little strength,' vivid picture of near-collapse."},{"surface":"κάματος","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκανεν","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἵκανεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αἰνὸς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κάματος","gloss":"dreadful"},{"surface":"ἵκανεν","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came over"}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b5-l458","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἄμπνυτο καὶ ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη,","translation":"But when he caught his breath and the spirit gathered again in his chest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l458.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄμπνυτο","title":"Aorist of recovery","body":"ἄμπνυτο (he caught his breath, revived) is an aorist marking the completed moment of coming back to himself. The pairing with ἀγέρθη (gathered) describes regaining consciousness as a single recovered point."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄμπνυτο","lemma":"ἀναπνέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"caught breath","note":"ἄμπνυτο, aorist of ἀναπνέω 'breathe again' — the moment life returns to him."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"φρένα","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγέρθη","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀγέρθη","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b5-l459","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ κρήδεμνον ἀπὸ ἕο λῦσε θεοῖο.","translation":"then he loosed the goddess's veil from himself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λῦσε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κρήδεμνον","lemma":"κρήδεμνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λῦσε","gloss":"veil","note":"The κρήδεμνον is Ino's magic veil, lent to keep him afloat; now released back to the sea."},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"λῦσε","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"θεοῖο","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κρήδεμνον","gloss":"goddess's"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b5-l460","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐς ποταμὸν ἁλιμυρήεντα μεθῆκεν,","translation":"and let it go into the river that flows to the sea,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of μεθῆκεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ποταμὸν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ἁλιμυρήεντα","lemma":"ἁλιμυρήεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποταμὸν","gloss":"sea-flowing","note":"Compound epithet ἁλιμυρήεντα 'flowing to the sea,' epic ornamental adjective for the river."},{"surface":"μεθῆκεν","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let go"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b5-l461","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἔφερεν μέγα κῦμα κατὰ ῥόον, αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἰνὼ","translation":"and a great wave bore it back down the current, and at once Ino","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφερεν","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφερεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔφερεν","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ῥόον","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"current"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέξατο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἰνὼ","lemma":"Ἰνώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέξατο","gloss":"Ino","note":"Ino/Leucothea, the sea-goddess who earlier gave Odysseus her veil; now reclaims it."}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b5-l462","source":"δέξατο χερσὶ φίλῃσιν· ὁ δʼ ἐκ ποταμοῖο λιασθεὶς","translation":"received it in her own hands. Then, drawing back from the river,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δέξατο","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"φίλῃσιν","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποταμοῖο","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"λιασθεὶς","lemma":"λιάζομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπεκλίνθη","gloss":"drawing back"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b5-l463","source":"σχοίνῳ ὑπεκλίνθη, κύσε δὲ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν.","translation":"he sank down among the rushes and kissed the grain-giving earth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l463.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ζείδωρον ἄρουραν","title":"Grain-giving earth","body":"ζείδωρος (grain-giving, life-giving) is a recurring Homeric epithet for the cultivated earth. Odysseus, just barely alive from the sea, kisses the solid land that sustains mortal life."}],"words":[{"surface":"σχοίνῳ","lemma":"σχοῖνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπεκλίνθη","gloss":"in rushes"},{"surface":"ὑπεκλίνθη","lemma":"ὑποκλίνομαι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sank down"},{"surface":"κύσε","lemma":"κυνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kissed","note":"κύσε, aorist of κυνέω — a striking gesture of relief and reverence upon reaching land."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ζείδωρον","lemma":"ζείδωρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουραν","gloss":"grain-giving","note":"ζείδωρος 'grain-giving' is a fixed Homeric epithet for the earth/land."},{"surface":"ἄρουραν","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κύσε","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b5-l464","source":"ὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·","translation":"Then, troubled, he spoke to his own great-hearted spirit:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀχθήσας","lemma":"ὀχθέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἶπε","gloss":"troubled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εἶπε","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted","note":"μεγαλήτωρ, common epic epithet for θυμός, a hero's inner 'great spirit.'"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b5-l465","source":"ὤ μοι ἐγώ, τί πάθω; τί νύ μοι μήκιστα\n                     γένηται;","translation":"\"Ah, wretched me, what will become of me? What is to happen to me in the end?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine pronoun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretched me","note":"ὤ μοι ἐγώ, a stock cry of despair, doubling the first-person pronoun for pathos."},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of πάθω","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"πάθω","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will befall"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of γένηται","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of γένηται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μήκιστα","lemma":"μήκιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"in the end"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will happen"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b5-l466","source":"εἰ μέν κʼ ἐν ποταμῷ δυσκηδέα νύκτα φυλάσσω,","translation":"If I keep watch through the wretched night by the river,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ποταμῷ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"δυσκηδέα","lemma":"δυσκηδής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φυλάσσω","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"φυλάσσω","lemma":"φυλάσσω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"keep watch"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b5-l467","source":"μή μʼ ἄμυδις στίβη τε κακὴ καὶ θῆλυς ἐέρση","translation":"I fear the cruel frost and soaking dew together","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δαμάσῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἄμυδις","lemma":"ἄμυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δαμάσῃ","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"στίβη","lemma":"στίβη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"frost"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακὴ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies στίβη","gloss":"cruel"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θῆλυς","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐέρση","gloss":"soaking"},{"surface":"ἐέρση","lemma":"ἔρσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"dew"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b5-l468","source":"ἐξ ὀλιγηπελίης δαμάσῃ κεκαφηότα θυμόν·","translation":"may overcome my faint, gasping spirit in my weakness,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὀλιγηπελίης","lemma":"ὀλιγηπελία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"weakness"},{"surface":"δαμάσῃ","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may overcome"},{"surface":"κεκαφηότα","lemma":"κεκαφηώς","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gasping","note":"κεκαφηώς, rare perfect participle 'having gasped out breath,' vivid for near-death exhaustion."},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκαφηότα","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b5-l469","source":"αὔρη δʼ ἐκ ποταμοῦ ψυχρὴ πνέει ἠῶθι πρό.","translation":"for a cold breeze blows from the river just before dawn.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὔρη","lemma":"αὔρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of πνέει","gloss":"breeze"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ποταμοῦ","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"ψυχρὴ","lemma":"ψυχρός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὔρη","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"πνέει","lemma":"πνέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blows"},{"surface":"ἠῶθι","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πρό","gloss":"at dawn","note":"ἠῶθι πρό, epic adverbial phrase 'before dawn,' genitive-form adverb + preposition."},{"surface":"πρό","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b5-l470","source":"εἰ δέ κεν ἐς κλιτὺν ἀναβὰς καὶ δάσκιον ὕλην","translation":"But if I climb the slope to the shadowy wood","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"but if"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"κλιτὺν","lemma":"κλιτύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"slope"},{"surface":"ἀναβὰς","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καταδράθω","gloss":"having climbed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δάσκιον","lemma":"δάσκιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλην","gloss":"shadowy"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wood"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b5-l471","source":"θάμνοις ἐν πυκινοῖσι καταδράθω, εἴ με μεθείη","translation":"and lie down to sleep in the thick brush, if the chill","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάμνοις","lemma":"θάμνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"thickets"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυκινοῖσι","lemma":"πυκινός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάμνοις","gloss":"dense"},{"surface":"καταδράθω","lemma":"καταδαρθάνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"lie down to sleep"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεθείη","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μεθείη","lemma":"μεθίημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should let go","note":"Optative μεθείη in this εἰ-clause is a potential ('should/would') construction, not a wish — Odysseus is imagining what might happen if cold and weariness overcome him, weighing it against the other risk (wild beasts)."}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b5-l472","source":"ῥῖγος καὶ κάματος, γλυκερὸς δέ μοι ὕπνος ἐπέλθῃ,","translation":"and weariness let me go and sweet sleep comes over me,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥῖγος","lemma":"ῥῖγος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"chill"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κάματος","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"γλυκερὸς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπέλθῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπέλθῃ","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἐπέλθῃ","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"comes over"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b5-l473","source":"δείδω, μὴ θήρεσσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γένωμαι.","translation":"I fear I may become prey and spoil for the wild beasts.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l473.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"γένωμαι","title":"Fear clause with subjunctive","body":"After δείδω (I fear), μή plus the subjunctive γένωμαι expresses the feared outcome: \"I fear lest I become.\" This is the standard construction for fear of something not yet realized."}],"words":[{"surface":"δείδω","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"θήρεσσιν","lemma":"θήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γένωμαι","gloss":"for beasts"},{"surface":"ἕλωρ","lemma":"ἕλωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"prey","note":"ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα, a formulaic doubled predicate 'prey and spoil,' stock phrase for a grim fate."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύρμα","lemma":"κύρμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"spoil"},{"surface":"γένωμαι","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of μὴ","gloss":"I become"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b5-l474","source":"ὣς ἄρα οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι·","translation":"As he pondered, this seemed to him the better course:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φρονέοντι","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pondering"},{"surface":"δοάσσατο","lemma":"δοάσσατο","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed","note":"δοάσσατο, a rare Homeric verb 'it seemed,' used almost only in this deliberation formula."},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοάσσατο","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b5-l475","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν εἰς ὕλην· τὴν δὲ σχεδὸν ὕδατος εὗρεν","translation":"he set out for the wood, and found it near the water","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εὗρεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ὕδατος","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σχεδὸν","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"εὗρεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"found"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b5-l476","source":"ἐν περιφαινομένῳ· δοιοὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπήλυθε θάμνους,","translation":"in a clearing, and crept under a double thicket","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"περιφαινομένῳ","lemma":"περιφαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, dative singular neuter","role":"modifies","gloss":"open clearing"},{"surface":"δοιοὺς","lemma":"δοιοί","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θάμνους","gloss":"two","note":"δοιούς 'two, a pair of' — describes the twin bushes he crawls beneath."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπήλυθε","lemma":"ὑπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crept under"},{"surface":"θάμνους","lemma":"θάμνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπήλυθε","gloss":"thickets"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b5-l477","source":"ἐξ ὁμόθεν πεφυῶτας· ὁ μὲν φυλίης, ὁ δʼ ἐλαίης.","translation":"grown from one stock: one a wild olive, the other a cultivated olive.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ὁμόθεν","lemma":"ὁμόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"one stock"},{"surface":"πεφυῶτας","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies θάμνους","gloss":"grown","note":"πεφυῶτας, perfect participle 'having grown' emphasizes the two shrubs' shared root, sheltering him."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"φυλίης","lemma":"φυλία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wild olive"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλαίης","lemma":"ἐλαία","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"olive tree"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b5-l478","source":"τοὺς μὲν ἄρʼ οὔτʼ ἀνέμων διάη μένος ὑγρὸν ἀέντων,","translation":"Through these no force of the wet, blustering winds could blow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"those (bushes)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀνέμων","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of winds"},{"surface":"διάη","lemma":"διάημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blew through","note":"rare verb διάημι 'blow through'; found almost only here, epic hapax-like"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of διάη","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"ὑγρὸν","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"wet, moist"},{"surface":"ἀέντων","lemma":"ἄημι","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"blowing","note":"genitive absolute-like participle agreeing with ἀνέμων, 'of the winds blowing'"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b5-l479","source":"οὔτε ποτʼ ἠέλιος φαέθων ἀκτῖσιν ἔβαλλεν,","translation":"nor did the blazing sun ever strike them with its rays,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλλεν","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔβαλλεν","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"φαέθων","lemma":"φαέθω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλλεν","gloss":"blazing, shining","note":"epic epithet-participle for the sun, 'shining' - formulaic pairing with ἠέλιος"},{"surface":"ἀκτῖσιν","lemma":"ἀκτίς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλλεν","gloss":"with rays"},{"surface":"ἔβαλλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b5-l480","source":"οὔτʼ ὄμβρος περάασκε διαμπερές· ὣς ἄρα πυκνοὶ","translation":"nor could rain pierce them through, so thickly","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄμβρος","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of περάασκε","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"περάασκε","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pierced through","note":"iterative-imperfect form περάασκε 'used to pierce', epic -σκε suffix marks repeated past action"},{"surface":"διαμπερές","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to περάασκε","gloss":"right through"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφυν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πυκνοὶ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"thick, dense"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b5-l481","source":"ἀλλήλοισιν ἔφυν ἐπαμοιβαδίς· οὓς ὑπʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"had they grown, intertwined with one another. Beneath them Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισιν","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἔφυν","gloss":"with one another"},{"surface":"ἔφυν","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had grown","note":"root aorist ἔφυν 'grew, were born' from φύω, describing the bushes as naturally intertwined"},{"surface":"ἐπαμοιβαδίς","lemma":"ἐπαμοιβαδίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφυν","gloss":"interlaced, alternating"},{"surface":"οὓς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"which (bushes)"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύσετ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b5-l482","source":"δύσετʼ. ἄφαρ δʼ εὐνὴν ἐπαμήσατο χερσὶ φίλῃσιν","translation":"crept. At once he heaped up a bed with his own hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσετ","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crept, dove in","note":"δύσετ᾽ = ἐδύσατο, aorist middle of δύω 'sink/creep into', apocope + elision common in epic verse"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπαμήσατο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐνὴν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπαμήσατο","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἐπαμήσατο","lemma":"ἐπαμάω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heaped up"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπαμήσατο","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"φίλῃσιν","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"his own","note":"φίλῃσιν 'dear/own' - epic possessive use of φίλος, not affection, simply 'his own hands'"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b5-l483","source":"εὐρεῖαν· φύλλων γὰρ ἔην χύσις ἤλιθα πολλή,","translation":"a broad one, for there was a great drift of leaves,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐρεῖαν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies εὐνὴν","gloss":"broad, wide"},{"surface":"φύλλων","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies χύσις","gloss":"of leaves"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was","note":"ἔην, epic/Ionic imperfect of εἰμί = ἦν"},{"surface":"χύσις","lemma":"χύσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"drift, heap"},{"surface":"ἤλιθα","lemma":"ἤλιθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"πολλή","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"great, much"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b5-l484","source":"ὅσσον τʼ ἠὲ δύω ἠὲ τρεῖς ἄνδρας ἔρυσθαι","translation":"enough to shelter two men or even three","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"as much as, enough"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἠὲ","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσθαι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἔρυσθαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"modifies ὅσσον","gloss":"to shelter","note":"ἔρυσθαι, epicthematic middle infinitive of ἐρύω/εἴρυμαι 'protect, shelter'"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b5-l485","source":"ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ, εἰ καὶ μάλα περ χαλεπαίνοι.","translation":"in the winter season, however hard it might be.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥρῃ","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔρυσθαι","gloss":"season"},{"surface":"χειμερίῃ","lemma":"χειμέριος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὥρῃ","gloss":"wintry"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαλεπαίνοι","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"χαλεπαίνοι","lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"might be harsh","note":"optative χαλεπαίνοι in a concessive εἰ clause, 'however harsh it might be'"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b5-l486","source":"τὴν μὲν ἰδὼν γήθησε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"Much-enduring noble Odysseus rejoiced to see it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l486.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Much-enduring noble Odysseus","body":"πολύτλας (much-enduring) is one of Odysseus's signature epithets, fitting after his ordeal at sea. The whole formula recurs at line-end throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδὼν","gloss":"it (the drift)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησε","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"γήθησε","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble, godlike"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b5-l487","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄρα μέσσῃ λέκτο, χύσιν δʼ ἐπεχεύατο φύλλων.","translation":"and he lay down in the middle and heaped a drift of leaves over himself.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μέσσῃ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in the middle"},{"surface":"λέκτο","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down","note":"λέκτο, root aorist middle of λέγω(2) 'lay oneself down', distinct from λέγω 'say'"},{"surface":"χύσιν","lemma":"χύσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπεχεύατο","gloss":"drift, heap"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεχεύατο","lemma":"ἐπιχέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured over himself"},{"surface":"φύλλων","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies χύσιν","gloss":"of leaves"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b5-l488","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε τις δαλὸν σποδιῇ ἐνέκρυψε μελαίνῃ","translation":"As when a man buries a glowing brand in the black ashes","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέκρυψε","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"δαλὸν","lemma":"δαλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνέκρυψε","gloss":"firebrand"},{"surface":"σποδιῇ","lemma":"σποδιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνέκρυψε","gloss":"in ashes"},{"surface":"ἐνέκρυψε","lemma":"ἐγκρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"buried, hid","note":"famous extended simile opening (ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε...) comparing Odysseus hiding under leaves to a banked ember preserving fire"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σποδιῇ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b5-l489","source":"ἀγροῦ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῆς, ᾧ μὴ πάρα γείτονες ἄλλοι,","translation":"at the edge of a farm, with no neighbors near at hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l489.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγροῦ","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐσχατιῆς","gloss":"of a farm"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἐσχατιῆς","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπ᾽","gloss":"outskirts, edge"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"where, for whom"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"are near","note":"πάρα = πάρεστι, anastrophe/apocope form of πάρειμι 'be at hand', common epic shift of accent+form"},{"surface":"γείτονες","lemma":"γείτων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"neighbors"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies γείτονες","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b5-l490","source":"σπέρμα πυρὸς σώζων, ἵνα μή ποθεν ἄλλοθεν αὔοι,","translation":"saving the seed of fire, so he need not kindle it from elsewhere,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπέρμα","lemma":"σπέρμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σώζων","gloss":"seed, spark"},{"surface":"πυρὸς","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σπέρμα","gloss":"of fire"},{"surface":"σώζων","lemma":"σώζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνέκρυψε","gloss":"saving, preserving"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποθεν","lemma":"ποθεν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"from anywhere"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αὔοι","gloss":"from elsewhere"},{"surface":"αὔοι","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"kindle, light","note":"optative αὔοι in purpose clause with ἵνα μή, 'so that he need not kindle it'"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b5-l491","source":"ὣς Ὀδυσεὺς φύλλοισι καλύψατο· τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"so Odysseus covered himself with leaves. And over him Athena","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καλύψατο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καλύψατο","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"φύλλοισι","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καλύψατο","gloss":"with leaves"},{"surface":"καλύψατο","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered himself"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to χεῦ᾽","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of χεῦ᾽","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b5-l492","source":"ὕπνον ἐπʼ ὄμμασι χεῦʼ, ἵνα μιν παύσειε τάχιστα","translation":"poured sleep upon his eyes, that she might free him as soon as could be","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χεῦ᾽","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὄμμασι","lemma":"ὄμμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"χεῦ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"χεῦ᾽ = ἔχευ(ε), epic aorist/imperfect of χέω, 'poured' sleep as a liquid over his eyes - common epic metaphor"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παύσειε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"παύσειε","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might free, release"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to παύσειε","gloss":"most quickly"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b5-l493","source":"δυσπονέος καμάτοιο φίλα βλέφαρʼ ἀμφικαλύψας.","translation":"from his grievous weariness, closing his dear eyelids about.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b5-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δυσπονέος","lemma":"δυσπονής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καμάτοιο","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"καμάτοιο","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσειε","gloss":"weariness"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βλέφαρ᾽","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"βλέφαρ","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψας","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψας","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χεῦ᾽","gloss":"having closed about"}]}]}