{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":8,"id":"book-08","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας θ","translated":"Book 8 — The Phaeacian Games and the Songs of Demodocus"},"section":"The Wanderings","summary":"The Phaeacians hold games for their guest. Demodocus sings of Troy, and the stranger weeps. Alcinous asks him who he is.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8","lines":586},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b8-l1","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"Now when early-born, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς","title":"The dawn formula","body":"This whole-line formula opens countless days in Homer. ἠριγένεια ('early-born') and ῥοδοδάκτυλος ('rosy-fingered') are stock epithets of Dawn."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"Fixed epithet of Dawn, always paired with ῥοδοδάκτυλος in this formula."},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared","note":"Aorist passive of φαίνω used intransitively: 'came to light/appeared'."},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"Homer's most famous formulaic epithet, describing Dawn's rays."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b8-l2","source":"ὤρνυτʼ ἄρʼ ἐξ εὐνῆς ἱερὸν μένος Ἀλκινόοιο,","translation":"the sacred force of Alcinous rose up from his bed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤρνυτ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"εὐνῆς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξ","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερόν","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ὤρνυτ᾽","gloss":"force","note":"μένος + genitive name is a Homeric periphrasis ('the force of X') meaning simply 'X himself'."},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Alcinous"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b8-l3","source":"ἂν δʼ ἄρα διογενὴς ὦρτο πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"and up rose Zeus-born Odysseus, sacker of cities.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"διογενὴς","title":"Epithets of Odysseus","body":"διογενής ('Zeus-born') and πτολίπορθος ('sacker of cities') are formulaic epithets that fit Odysseus into the hexameter line."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"διογενὴς","lemma":"διογενής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"Zeus-born","note":"διογενής, a stock heroic epithet, literally 'sprung from Zeus'."},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose","note":"Root aorist of ὄρνυμι, same verb as ὤρνυτ' above but active/intransitive 'rose'."},{"surface":"πτολίπορθος","lemma":"πτολίπορθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"sacker of cities","note":"πτολίπορθος, Odysseus's recurring epithet from his role at Troy."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b8-l4","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ ἱερὸν μένος Ἀλκινόοιο","translation":"And the sacred force of Alcinous led them on","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευ᾽","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευ","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευ᾽","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Alcinous"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b8-l5","source":"Φαιήκων ἀγορήνδʼ, ἥ σφιν παρὰ νηυσὶ τέτυκτο.","translation":"to the Phaeacians' meeting-place, which was built for them beside the ships.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγορήνδ᾽","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἀγορήνδ","lemma":"ἀγορήνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευ᾽","gloss":"to the assembly","note":"-δε suffix marks motion toward: 'agora-ward', a common Homeric directional ending."},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τέτυκτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τέτυκτο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀγορήνδ᾽","gloss":"was built","note":"Pluperfect passive of τεύχω, 'had been built/made'—describes a standing structure."}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b8-l6","source":"ἐλθόντες δὲ καθῖζον ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίθοισι","translation":"When they arrived they sat down on the polished stones","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καθῖζον","gloss":"having arrived"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ξεστοῖσι","lemma":"ξεστός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθοισι","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"λίθοισι","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b8-l7","source":"πλησίον. ἡ δʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ μετῴχετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη","translation":"side by side. But Pallas Athena went through the town","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μετῴχετο","title":"Imperfect of ongoing motion","body":"μετῴχετο is imperfect, picturing Athena moving through the town as a continuing action while the men sit."}],"words":[{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καθῖζον","gloss":"close together","note":"πλησίον here is adverbial to καθῖζον, describing how the Phaeacians sat relative to each other ('side by side'), not a location ('nearby')."},{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"town"},{"surface":"μετῴχετο","lemma":"μετοίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"μετοίχομαι, 'go among/through', used of a god moving through a city in disguise."},{"surface":"Παλλὰς","lemma":"Παλλάς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἀθήνη","gloss":"Pallas"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b8-l8","source":"εἰδομένη κήρυκι δαΐφρονος Ἀλκινόοιο,","translation":"in the likeness of a herald of wise Alcinous,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰδομένη","title":"Participle of disguise","body":"εἰδομένη ('looking like, in the likeness of') is a middle participle Homer uses for a god taking on someone's form."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰδομένη","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μετῴχετο","gloss":"resembling","note":"εἴδομαι + dative marks divine disguise, a recurring Homeric device for gods walking among mortals."},{"surface":"κήρυκι","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰδομένη","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλκινόοιο","gloss":"of wise"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κήρυκι","gloss":"Alcinous"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b8-l9","source":"νόστον Ὀδυσσῆι μεγαλήτορι μητιόωσα,","translation":"devising a homecoming for great-hearted Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"Nostos: homecoming","body":"νόστος, the journey home, is the central theme of the whole poem and gives us the word 'nostalgia.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μητιόωσα","gloss":"homecoming","note":"νόστος, the Odyssey's central theme word, 'return home'."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆι","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μητιόωσα","gloss":"for Odysseus"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορι","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆι","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"μητιόωσα","lemma":"μητιάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μετῴχετο","gloss":"devising"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b8-l10","source":"καί ῥα ἑκάστῳ φωτὶ παρισταμένη φάτο μῦθον·","translation":"and standing beside each man she spoke her word:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φωτὶ","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"παρισταμένη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to μῦθον","gloss":"standing beside"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"φάτο, from φημί, epic middle aorist 'she said/spoke'."},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"word"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b8-l11","source":"δεῦτʼ ἄγε, Φαιήκων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες,","translation":"\"Come now, leaders and counselors of the Phaeacians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦτ","lemma":"δεῦτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come","note":"δεῦτε, an old imperative-like adverb of motion, 'come here', paired with ἄγε for emphasis."},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"counselors"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b8-l12","source":"εἰς ἀγορὴν ἰέναι, ὄφρα ξείνοιο πύθησθε,","translation":"go to the assembly, so you may learn about the stranger","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"go","note":"Epic infinitive ἰέναι used as an imperative, common in Homeric commands."},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ξείνοιο","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of πύθησθε","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"πύθησθε","lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may learn"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b8-l13","source":"ὃς νέον Ἀλκινόοιο δαΐφρονος ἵκετο δῶμα","translation":"who has just come to the house of wise Alcinous","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκετο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"of Alcinous"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλκινόοιο","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"ἵκετο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξείνοιο","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετο","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b8-l14","source":"πόντον ἐπιπλαγχθείς, δέμας ἀθανάτοισιν ὁμοῖος.","translation":"after wandering over the sea, like the immortals in build.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιπλαγχθείς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπιπλαγχθείς","lemma":"ἐπιπλάζομαι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκετο","gloss":"having wandered","note":"ἐπιπλάζομαι, 'driven off course', evokes Odysseus's storm-tossed voyage."},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ὁμοῖος","gloss":"in build"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὁμοῖος","gloss":"immortals"},{"surface":"ὁμοῖος","lemma":"ὅμοιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"like"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b8-l15","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὤτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.","translation":"Speaking so, she stirred the force and spirit of each man.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰποῦσ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰποῦσ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ὤτρυνε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ὤτρυνε","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἑκάστου","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of each"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b8-l16","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ ἔμπληντο βροτῶν ἀγοραί τε καὶ ἕδραι","translation":"Quickly the meeting-grounds and the seats filled with men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμπληντο","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔμπληντο","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled","note":"Root aorist middle of ἐμπίπλημι, 'became filled', governing genitive βροτῶν 'with men'."},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔμπληντο","gloss":"with men"},{"surface":"ἀγοραί","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"meeting-grounds"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕδραι","lemma":"ἕδρα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"seats"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b8-l17","source":"ἀγρομένων· πολλοὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐθηήσαντο ἰδόντες","translation":"as they gathered; and many marveled when they saw","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l17.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγρομένων","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gathering"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐθηήσαντο","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐθηήσαντο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled","note":"θεάομαι, 'gaze at in wonder'—root of English 'theater'."},{"surface":"ἰδόντες","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθηήσαντο","gloss":"seeing"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b8-l18","source":"υἱὸν Λαέρταο δαΐφρονα· τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"the wise son of Laertes; for upon him Athena","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐθηήσαντο","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Λαέρταο","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Laertes","note":"Patronymic identifying Odysseus by his father Laertes."},{"surface":"δαΐφρονα","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"wise"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κατέχευε","gloss":"upon him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b8-l19","source":"θεσπεσίην κατέχευε χάριν κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ὤμοις","translation":"poured a marvelous grace over his head and shoulders,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χάριν","title":"Charis: grace","body":"χάρις is the radiant attractiveness a god can pour over a mortal, here making Odysseus impressive to the Phaeacians."}],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπεσίην","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χάριν","gloss":"marvelous"},{"surface":"κατέχευε","lemma":"καταχεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"καταχεύω, 'pour down over'—Athena's divine beautification motif recurs several times in the poem."},{"surface":"χάριν","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέχευε","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"κεφαλῇ","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤμοις","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b8-l20","source":"καί μιν μακρότερον καὶ πάσσονα θῆκεν ἰδέσθαι,","translation":"and made him taller and stouter to look upon,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l20.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μακρότερον","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"taller"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάσσονα","lemma":"πάσσων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"complement of καὶ","gloss":"stouter"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"to look upon","note":"Epexegetic (explanatory) infinitive after θῆκεν, specifying in what respect he was made greater."}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b8-l21","source":"ὥς κεν Φαιήκεσσι φίλος πάντεσσι γένοιτο","translation":"so that he might be welcome to all the Phaeacians,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὥς κεν ... γένοιτο","title":"Purpose with the optative","body":"ὥς κεν with the optative γένοιτο expresses Athena's purpose: 'so that he might become.' The optative suits a goal aimed at in past narration."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would)"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσι","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γένοιτο","gloss":"to the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear","note":"φίλος here means 'welcome/beloved' rather than 'friend'—predicate after γένοιτο."},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαιήκεσσι","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might become"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b8-l22","source":"δεινός τʼ αἰδοῖός τε καὶ ἐκτελέσειεν ἀέθλους","translation":"formidable and respected, and might carry off the contests,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινός","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"formidable"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοῖός","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"respected"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκτελέσειεν","lemma":"ἐκτελέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"might accomplish"},{"surface":"ἀέθλους","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκτελέσειεν","gloss":"contests"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b8-l23","source":"πολλούς, τοὺς Φαίηκες ἐπειρήσαντʼ Ὀδυσῆος.","translation":"the many with which the Phaeacians would test Odysseus.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλούς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀέθλους","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπειρήσαντ᾽","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπειρήσαντ᾽","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἐπειρήσαντ","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀέθλους","gloss":"tested","note":"πειράω + genitive, 'make trial of' a person—the games test Odysseus."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπειρήσαντ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b8-l24","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἤγερθεν ὁμηγερέες τʼ ἐγένοντο,","translation":"But when they had gathered and were assembled together,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤγερθεν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"had gathered"},{"surface":"ὁμηγερέες","lemma":"ὁμηγερής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"assembled together","note":"ὁμηγερής, 'gathered as one', reinforcing ἤγερθεν with near-synonymous predicate."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"became"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b8-l25","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀλκίνοος ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε·","translation":"Alcinous addressed them and spoke among them:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"ἀγορήσατο","lemma":"ἀγοράομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετέειπε","lemma":"μετεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among them","note":"μετεῖπον, 'speak in the midst of', a Homeric formula for a leader addressing a gathered group."}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b8-l26","source":"κέκλυτε, Φαιήκων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες,","translation":"\"Hear me, leaders and counselors of the Phaeacians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l26.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κέκλυτε","title":"Perfect imperative 'hear me!'","body":"κέκλυτε is a reduplicated perfect used with imperative force, a fixed Homeric call to attention."}],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear me","note":"κέκλυτε, perfect-form imperative of κλύω used as a vivid 'listen!' command, common speech-opener."},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"counselors"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b8-l27","source":"ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.","translation":"that I may say what the heart in my breast commands.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἴπω","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may say"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελεύει","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴπω","gloss":"commands"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b8-l28","source":"ξεῖνος ὅδʼ, οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅς τις, ἀλώμενος ἵκετʼ ἐμὸν δῶ,","translation":"This stranger here—I do not know who—came wandering to my house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἶδ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξεῖνος","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"(indefinite)","note":"ὅς τις together form 'whoever'—Alcinous admits he doesn't know the stranger's identity."},{"surface":"ἀλώμενος","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"wandering"},{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b8-l29","source":"ἠὲ πρὸς ἠοίων ἦ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων·","translation":"whether from the peoples of the east or of the west.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἠοίων","lemma":"ἠοῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"of the east","note":"ἠοῖος 'eastern' built on ἠώς 'dawn' — direction named for where dawn rises."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἑσπερίων","lemma":"ἑσπέριος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of the west"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"peoples","note":"Genitive object of the preposition πρός, which takes the genitive in the sense 'from': 'from the men of...' — not a partitive genitive."}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b8-l30","source":"πομπὴν δʼ ὀτρύνει, καὶ λίσσεται ἔμπεδον εἶναι.","translation":"He urges an escort, and begs that it be made certain.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πομπὴν","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀτρύνει","gloss":"an escort"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνει","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urges","note":"ὀτρύνω 'urge on' — often used of speeding a guest's journey home in Odyssey hospitality scenes."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίσσεται","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begs"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"certain"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of λίσσεται","gloss":"to be","note":"ἔμπεδον εἶναι 'to be assured/fixed' — infinitive object of λίσσεται, a common Homeric idiom for a firm promise."}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b8-l31","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ, ἐποτρυνώμεθα πομπήν.","translation":"Let us, as in the past, speed his escort onward.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l31.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐποτρυνώμεθα","title":"Hortatory subjunctive","body":"ἐποτρυνώμεθα ('let us urge on') is a first-person plural subjunctive, the standard way to say 'let us do' something."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐποτρυνώμεθα","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies πάρος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐποτρυνώμεθα","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us urge on","note":"hortatory subjunctive 1st plural: 'let us speed' — self-exhortation, common in council speeches."},{"surface":"πομπήν","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐποτρυνώμεθα","gloss":"escort"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b8-l32","source":"οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδέ τις ἄλλος, ὅτις κʼ ἐμὰ δώμαθʼ ἵκηται,","translation":"For no one else either, whoever comes to my house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μένει","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ὅτις","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκηται","gloss":"whoever","note":"ὅστις + subjunctive ἵκηται = generalizing relative clause, 'whoever happens to come.'"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"ever (indefinite)"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώμαθ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δώμαθ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἵκηται","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἵκηται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τις","gloss":"comes"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b8-l33","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ὀδυρόμενος δηρὸν μένει εἵνεκα πομπῆς.","translation":"stays here long, grieving for want of an escort.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένει","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μένει","gloss":"grieving","note":"ὀδύρομαι participle: circumstantial, describing the guest's state while he waits."},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μένει","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"μένει","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stays"},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for want of"},{"surface":"πομπῆς","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"an escort"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b8-l34","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῆα μέλαιναν ἐρύσσομεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν","translation":"But come, let us drag a black ship down to the bright sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!","note":"ἄγε — fossilized imperative used as an interjection, 'come now,' introducing an exhortation."},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐρύσσομεν","gloss":"a ship"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black","note":"'black ship' (νῆα μέλαιναν) is a stock Homeric epithet-phrase for pitch-tarred hulls."},{"surface":"ἐρύσσομεν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us drag"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b8-l35","source":"πρωτόπλοον, κούρω δὲ δύω καὶ πεντήκοντα","translation":"one sailing for the first time, and let two and fifty young men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρωτόπλοον","lemma":"πρωτόπλοος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"newly launched"},{"surface":"κούρω","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of κρινάσθων","gloss":"young men","note":"dual number κούρω: exactly two men grammatically marked, though the pair stands for the whole crew of 52."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fifty"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b8-l36","source":"κρινάσθων κατὰ δῆμον, ὅσοι πάρος εἰσὶν ἄριστοι.","translation":"be chosen throughout the land, all who are best.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρινάσθων","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let be chosen"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἰσὶν","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσὶν","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κούρω","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b8-l37","source":"δησάμενοι δʼ ἐὺ πάντες ἐπὶ κληῖσιν ἐρετμὰ","translation":"When you have all lashed the oars well to the thole-pins,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l37.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δησάμενοι","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκβητ᾽","gloss":"having lashed","note":"aorist participle δησάμενοι: action completed before the main verb ἔκβητ' — 'once you've lashed... then step ashore.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δησάμενοι","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἔκβητ᾽","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"κληῖσιν","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"thole-pins"},{"surface":"ἐρετμὰ","lemma":"ἐρετμόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δησάμενοι","gloss":"oars"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b8-l38","source":"ἔκβητʼ· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα θοὴν ἀλεγύνετε δαῖτα","translation":"step ashore; then afterward make ready a swift feast","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκβητ","lemma":"ἐκβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"step ashore"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλεγύνετε","gloss":"afterward"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἀλεγύνετε","lemma":"ἀλεγύνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make ready"},{"surface":"δαῖτα","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλεγύνετε","gloss":"a feast"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b8-l39","source":"ἡμέτερόνδʼ ἐλθόντες· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐὺ πᾶσι παρέξω.","translation":"coming to my house; I will provide well for all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμέτερόνδ","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθόντες","gloss":"to our house","note":"ἡμέτερόνδε: directional -δε suffix ('to/toward') attached to the possessive, 'homeward, to our place.'"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλεγύνετε","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρέξω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέξω","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of παρέξω","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"παρέξω","lemma":"παρέχω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will provide"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b8-l40","source":"κούροισιν μὲν ταῦτʼ ἐπιτέλλομαι· αὐτὰρ οἱ ἄλλοι","translation":"These are my orders to the young men. But you others,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κούροισιν","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπιτέλλομαι","gloss":"to the young men"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐπιτέλλομαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἐπιτέλλομαι","lemma":"ἐπιτέλλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I command"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b8-l41","source":"σκηπτοῦχοι βασιλῆες ἐμὰ πρὸς δώματα καλὰ","translation":"scepter-bearing kings, come to my fine house","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτοῦχοι","lemma":"σκηπτοῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"scepter-bearing","note":"σκηπτοῦχος 'holding the scepter' — formulaic epithet marking kings/nobles as legitimate rulers."},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρχεσθ᾽","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δώματα","gloss":"fine"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b8-l42","source":"ἔρχεσθʼ, ὄφρα ξεῖνον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι φιλέωμεν,","translation":"so that we may entertain the stranger in the halls,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχεσθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φιλέωμεν","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"φιλέωμεν","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"we may entertain","note":"purpose clause ὄφρα + subjunctive: 'so that we may treat the guest well.'"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b8-l43","source":"μηδέ τις ἀρνείσθω. καλέσασθε δὲ θεῖον ἀοιδὸν","translation":"and let no one refuse. And summon the divine singer,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρνείσθω","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀρνείσθω","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let refuse","note":"3rd-person imperative ἀρνείσθω: a formal prohibition/command, 'let no one refuse.'"},{"surface":"καλέσασθε","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"summon"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῖον","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὸν","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"singer"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b8-l44","source":"Δημόδοκον· τῷ γάρ ῥα θεὸς πέρι δῶκεν ἀοιδὴν","translation":"Demodocus; for to him the god granted song above others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l44.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δημόδοκον","lemma":"δημόδοκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Demodocus"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δῶκεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"above others","note":"πέρι here used adverbially/postpositively with δῶκεν — 'gave surpassingly,' i.e. beyond other men's gift of song."},{"surface":"δῶκεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὴν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τέρπειν","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b8-l45","source":"τέρπειν, ὅππῃ θυμὸς ἐποτρύνῃσιν ἀείδειν.","translation":"to give delight, in whatever way his heart stirs him to sing.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέρπειν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δῶκεν","gloss":"to give delight","note":"epexegetic infinitive τέρπειν explaining the gift ἀοιδήν — 'song, [namely] to delight.'"},{"surface":"ὅππῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐποτρύνῃσιν","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐποτρύνῃσιν","gloss":"his heart"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνῃσιν","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τέρπειν","gloss":"stirs him"},{"surface":"ἀείδειν","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐποτρύνῃσιν","gloss":"to sing"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b8-l46","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἡγήσατο, τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο","translation":"So speaking he led the way, and they followed with him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b8-l47","source":"σκηπτοῦχοι· κῆρυξ δὲ μετῴχετο θεῖον ἀοιδόν.","translation":"the scepter-bearers; and a herald went after the divine singer.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σκηπτοῦχοι","lemma":"σκηπτοῦχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"scepter-bearers"},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετῴχετο","gloss":"a herald"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετῴχετο","lemma":"μετοίχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went after","note":"imperfect μετῴχετο pictures the herald's errand as ongoing/in-progress — 'was off fetching.'"},{"surface":"θεῖον","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδόν","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδόν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μετῴχετο","gloss":"singer"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b8-l48","source":"κούρω δὲ κρινθέντε δύω καὶ πεντήκοντα","translation":"And the two and fifty chosen young men","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l48.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κούρω ... κρινθέντε δύω","title":"The dual number","body":"κούρω and κρινθέντε are dual forms (used for pairs/sets here counted out), a feature Homer keeps that classical Attic largely dropped."}],"words":[{"surface":"κούρω","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject of βήτην","gloss":"young men","note":"Dual κούρω again, as at l35 — a formulaic residue: the noun stays dual even though δύω καὶ πεντήκοντα makes clear all fifty-two are meant, not two leaders singled out from the rest."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρινθέντε","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεντήκοντα","lemma":"πεντήκοντα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"fifty"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b8-l49","source":"βήτην, ὡς ἐκέλευσʼ, ἐπὶ θῖνʼ ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο.","translation":"went, as he ordered, to the shore of the barren sea.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l49.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο","title":"'The barren sea'","body":"ἀτρύγετος ('barren, unharvested') is a recurring epithet of the sea: it yields no crop, unlike the land."}],"words":[{"surface":"βήτην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"dual aorist βήτην matches the dual κούρω — the pair 'went' as a formal grammatical unit."},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσ","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to βήτην","gloss":"he ordered"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"θῖν","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θῖν᾽","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἀτρυγέτοιο","lemma":"ἀτρύγετος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"barren","note":"ἀτρύγετος 'unharvested/barren' — stock epithet for the sea, unrelated to actual fertility of the land."}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b8-l50","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἐπὶ νῆα κατήλυθον ἠδὲ θάλασσαν,","translation":"But when they had gone down to the ship and the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"κατήλυθον","lemma":"κατέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"had gone down"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσαν","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b8-l51","source":"νῆα μὲν οἵ γε μέλαιναν ἁλὸς βένθοσδε ἔρυσσαν,","translation":"they dragged the black ship into the deep water,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l51.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσσαν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed (emphatic)"},{"surface":"μέλαιναν","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βένθοσδε","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"βένθοσδε","lemma":"βένθος","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔρυσσαν","gloss":"into the deep","note":"βένθοσδε: directional -δε suffix on βένθος 'depth' — 'into/toward the deep water.'"},{"surface":"ἔρυσσαν","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b8-l52","source":"ἐν δʼ ἱστόν τʼ ἐτίθεντο καὶ ἱστία νηὶ μελαίνῃ,","translation":"set the mast and the sails in the black ship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστόν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the mast"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθεντο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐτίθεντο","gloss":"in the ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b8-l53","source":"ἠρτύναντο δʼ ἐρετμὰ τροποῖς ἐν δερματίνοισι,","translation":"fitted the oars in their leather loops,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠρτύναντο","lemma":"ἀρτύνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitted"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρετμὰ","lemma":"ἐρετμόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἠρτύναντο","gloss":"oars"},{"surface":"τροποῖς","lemma":"τροπός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"loops","note":"τροπός: leather thong/loop the oar pivoted in — concrete nautical detail of Homeric ship-craft."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δερματίνοισι","lemma":"δερμάτινος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τροποῖς","gloss":"leather"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b8-l54","source":"πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, ἀνά θʼ ἱστία λευκὰ πέτασσαν.","translation":"all in due order, and spread the white sails wide.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l54.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ μοῖραν","title":"'In due order'","body":"κατὰ μοῖραν means 'according to what is fitting,' a common phrase for things done rightly and in proper measure."}],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"all things"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"due order"},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πέτασσαν","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"λευκὰ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱστία","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"πέτασσαν","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spread"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b8-l55","source":"ὑψοῦ δʼ ἐν νοτίῳ τήν γʼ ὥρμισαν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"They moored her high up in the deep water; and then","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψοῦ","lemma":"ὑψοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὥρμισαν","gloss":"high up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νοτίῳ","lemma":"νότιος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the deep water"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὥρμισαν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed (emphatic)"},{"surface":"ὥρμισαν","lemma":"ὁρμίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"moored"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βάν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b8-l56","source":"βάν ῥʼ ἴμεν Ἀλκινόοιο δαΐφρονος ἐς μέγα δῶμα.","translation":"they set out to go to the great house of wise Alcinous.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βάν","gloss":"to go","note":"βάν ἴμεν: finite aorist + complementary infinitive of the same root idea, 'they went to go' — a common Homeric periphrasis for setting out."},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"of Alcinous"},{"surface":"δαΐφρονος","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλκινόοιο","gloss":"wise","note":"δαΐφρων 'battle-wise/skilled in mind' — recurring epithet for Alcinous, marking him as a shrewd king."},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b8-l57","source":"πλῆντο δʼ ἄρʼ αἴθουσαί τε καὶ ἕρκεα καὶ δόμοι ἀνδρῶν","translation":"The porticoes and courtyards and rooms filled with men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλῆντο","lemma":"πίμπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"filled","note":"Root πίμπλημι reduplicates; aorist πλῆντο is an epic passive-sense middle, 'became filled.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αἴθουσαί","lemma":"αἴθουσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"porticoes"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕρκεα","lemma":"ἕρκος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"courtyards"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόμοι","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πλῆντο","gloss":"of men","note":"Genitive of content after 'filled' — 'filled with men,' not a direct object in the English sense."}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b8-l58","source":"ἀγρομένων· πολλοὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔσαν, νέοι ἠδὲ παλαιοί.","translation":"as they gathered; many there were, both young and old.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγρομένων","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gathering","note":"Genitive absolute-like participle agreeing loosely with the men implied; 'as they gathered.'"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there were"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παλαιοί","lemma":"παλαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠδὲ","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b8-l59","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀλκίνοος δυοκαίδεκα μῆλʼ ἱέρευσεν,","translation":"For them Alcinous sacrificed twelve sheep,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἱέρευσεν","gloss":"for them","note":"Dative of the demonstrative ὁ/τοῖσιν used as a personal pronoun, common Homeric usage."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱέρευσεν","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"δυοκαίδεκα","lemma":"δυοκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μῆλ᾽","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"μῆλ","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"ἱέρευσεν","lemma":"ἱερεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacrificed"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b8-l60","source":"ὀκτὼ δʼ ἀργιόδοντας ὕας, δύο δʼ εἰλίποδας βοῦς·","translation":"eight white-tusked boars, and two shambling oxen;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l60.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"εἰλίποδας βοῦς","title":"'Shambling-footed oxen'","body":"εἰλίπους literally describes the rolling, dragging gait of cattle—a vivid stock epithet for oxen."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀκτὼ","lemma":"ὀκτώ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ὕας","gloss":"eight"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀργιόδοντας","lemma":"ἀργιόδους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕας","gloss":"white-tusked","note":"Formulaic Homeric epithet for boars, built from ἀργός 'bright' + ὀδούς 'tooth.'"},{"surface":"ὕας","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"boars"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰλίποδας","lemma":"εἰλίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"shambling","note":"εἰλίπους 'twist-footed,' a stock epithet for oxen describing their rolling gait."},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"oxen"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b8-l61","source":"τοὺς δέρον ἀμφί θʼ ἕπον, τετύκοντό τε δαῖτʼ ἐρατεινήν.","translation":"these they flayed and dressed, and made ready a lovely feast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"these","note":"Article τοὺς used as a demonstrative pronoun referring back to the animals just listed."},{"surface":"δέρον","lemma":"δέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flayed"},{"surface":"ἀμφί","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕπον","lemma":"ἕπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"τετύκοντό","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prepared","note":"Middle τετύκοντό ('made ready for themselves') from τεύχω, common of preparing a feast."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δαῖτ","lemma":"δαίτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τετύκοντό","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινήν","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαῖτ᾽","gloss":"lovely"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b8-l62","source":"κῆρυξ δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθεν ἄγων ἐρίηρον ἀοιδόν,","translation":"And the herald came near, leading the trusty singer,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"from nearby"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρον","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδόν","gloss":"trusty","note":"ἐρίηρος, a formulaic epithet meaning 'well-fitted, faithful,' often paired with ἀοιδός or ἑταῖρος."},{"surface":"ἀοιδόν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄγων","gloss":"singer"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b8-l63","source":"τὸν πέρι μοῦσʼ ἐφίλησε, δίδου δʼ ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε·","translation":"whom the Muse loved above others, and gave both good and ill:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφίλησε","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"exceedingly","note":"πέρι here functions adverbially/postposed = περισσῶς, 'above others' — an example of anastrophe with accented preposition."},{"surface":"μοῦσ","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Muse"},{"surface":"ἐφίλησε","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγαθόν","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κακόν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b8-l64","source":"ὀφθαλμῶν μὲν ἄμερσε, δίδου δʼ ἡδεῖαν ἀοιδήν.","translation":"she robbed him of his eyes, but gave him sweet song.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l64.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μέν ... δέ","title":"The μέν…δέ balance","body":"μέν and δέ are the classic antithetical pair: she robbed him of sight (μέν clause) but gave him sweet song (δέ clause). The preceding line (b8-l63) set up the polarity with τε...τε (both good and ill), and here the same contrast is sharpened into a formal antithesis."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῶν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἄμερσε","gloss":"of eyes","note":"Genitive of separation with ἀμέρδω 'deprive' — 'robbed him of his eyes,' i.e. made him blind."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄμερσε","lemma":"ἀμέρδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took away"},{"surface":"δίδου","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡδεῖαν","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδήν","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ἀοιδήν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δίδου","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b8-l65","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρα Ποντόνοος θῆκε θρόνον ἀργυρόηλον","translation":"For him Pontonous set a silver-studded chair","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"Pontonous"},{"surface":"Ποντόνοος","lemma":"Ποντόνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θῆκε","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"θῆκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"θρόνον","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θῆκε","gloss":"silver-studded","note":"ἀργυρόηλος, a compound epithet ('silver-nailed') marking luxury furniture in epic description."},{"surface":"ἀργυρόηλον","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνον","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b8-l66","source":"μέσσῳ δαιτυμόνων, πρὸς κίονα μακρὸν ἐρείσας·","translation":"in the midst of the banqueters, leaning it against a tall pillar;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέσσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"in the midst"},{"surface":"δαιτυμόνων","lemma":"δαιτυμών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μέσσῳ","gloss":"of banqueters"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"κίονα","lemma":"κίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"pillar"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κίονα","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"ἐρείσας","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to θῆκε","gloss":"leaning"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b8-l67","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα λίγειαν","translation":"and the herald hung the clear-toned lyre from a peg","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l67.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κατά in tmesis with the verb (κατ-εκρέμασεν 'hung down'), split by δ᾽ — typical Homeric word order."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πασσαλόφι","lemma":"πάσσαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"a peg","note":"πασσαλόφι, an old instrumental/locative case-form in -φι, archaic even for Homer."},{"surface":"κρέμασεν","lemma":"κρεμάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγα","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κρέμασεν","gloss":"lyre"},{"surface":"λίγειαν","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φόρμιγγα","gloss":"clear-toned"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b8-l68","source":"αὐτοῦ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καὶ ἐπέφραδε χερσὶν ἑλέσθαι","translation":"just above his head, and showed him how to reach it with his hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κεφαλῆς","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὲρ","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπέφραδε","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐπέφραδε","gloss":"to take","note":"Epexegetic infinitive after ἐπέφραδε 'showed [him how] to reach it' — explains the content of the instruction."}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b8-l69","source":"κῆρυξ· πὰρ δʼ ἐτίθει κάνεον καλήν τε τράπεζαν,","translation":"the herald; and he set beside him a basket and a fine table,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐτίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"κάνεον","lemma":"κάνεον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"basket"},{"surface":"καλήν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τράπεζαν","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τράπεζαν","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b8-l70","source":"πὰρ δὲ δέπας οἴνοιο, πιεῖν ὅτε θυμὸς ἀνώγοι.","translation":"and a cup of wine, to drink whenever his heart bade him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"of wine"},{"surface":"πιεῖν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to drink"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγοι","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἀνώγοι","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"might bid","note":"Optative ἀνώγοι in a general/iterative temporal clause — 'whenever his heart should bid him,' a repeated custom."}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b8-l71","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.","translation":"Then they reached out their hands to the good things laid ready before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l71.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ... χεῖρας ἴαλλον","title":"A formulaic feast-line","body":"This line ('they put forth their hands to the food ready before them') recurs throughout Homer to open a meal."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὀνείαθ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"good things"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"προκείμενα","lemma":"πρόκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"lying before"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put forth","note":"ἴαλλον 'reached/threw' — vivid verb for eagerly grabbing at food."}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b8-l72","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put away their desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l72.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"'Put away their desire'","body":"A fixed phrase: literally 'they sent forth the desire from themselves,' i.e. satisfied their hunger and thirst."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"put","note":"Formulaic line: ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο 'put away desire,' i.e. 'had their fill' — recurring Homeric feast formula."}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b8-l73","source":"μοῦσʼ ἄρʼ ἀοιδὸν ἀνῆκεν ἀειδέμεναι κλέα ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"the Muse stirred the singer to sing the glorious deeds of men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l73.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέα ἀνδρῶν","title":"Kleos: glory in song","body":"κλέα ('glories, famous deeds') is the renown that song preserves—the very thing epic poetry confers and is about."}],"words":[{"surface":"μοῦσ","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"Muse"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀειδέμεναι","gloss":"singer"},{"surface":"ἀνῆκεν","lemma":"ἀνήκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stirred","note":"ἀνῆκεν 'urged on, incited' — the Muse as external divine cause of poetic inspiration."},{"surface":"ἀειδέμεναι","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνῆκεν","gloss":"to sing"},{"surface":"κλέα","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"glorious deeds","note":"κλέα ἀνδρῶν 'the fames of men,' the epic's own self-description of its subject matter."},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κλέα","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b8-l74","source":"οἴμης τῆς τότʼ ἄρα κλέος οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἵκανε,","translation":"from a lay whose fame in that day reached the wide heaven:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴμης","lemma":"οἴμη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀειδέμεναι","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκανε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκανε","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκανε","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"εὐρὺν","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἴμης","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b8-l75","source":"νεῖκος Ὀδυσσῆος καὶ Πηλεΐδεω Ἀχιλῆος,","translation":"the quarrel of Odysseus and Achilles, son of Peleus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l75.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νεῖκος","lemma":"νεῖκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"quarrel"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πηλεΐδεω","lemma":"Πηλείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"son of Peleus"},{"surface":"Ἀχιλῆος","lemma":"Ἀχιλλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"Achilles"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b8-l76","source":"ὥς ποτε δηρίσαντο θεῶν ἐν δαιτὶ θαλείῃ","translation":"how once they contended at a rich feast of the gods","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δηρίσαντο","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"δηρίσαντο","lemma":"δηριάομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"contended"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δαιτὶ","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"δαιτὶ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"θαλείῃ","lemma":"υνκνοων","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὶ","gloss":"rich","note":"θαλείῃ 'abundant, festive' — lemma unresolved in treebank data (marked unknown) but sense is clear from context/translation."}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b8-l77","source":"ἐκπάγλοις ἐπέεσσιν, ἄναξ δʼ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"with terrible words; and Agamemnon, lord of men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκπάγλοις","lemma":"ἔκπαγλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"terrible"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to δηρίσαντο","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄναξ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνων","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of χαῖρε","gloss":"Agamemnon"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b8-l78","source":"χαῖρε νόῳ, ὅ τʼ ἄριστοι Ἀχαιῶν δηριόωντο.","translation":"rejoiced in his heart that the best of the Achaeans were quarreling.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"νόῳ","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"in heart"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of δηριόωντο","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"δηριόωντο","lemma":"δηριάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"were quarreling"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b8-l79","source":"ὣς γάρ οἱ χρείων μυθήσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων","translation":"For so Phoebus Apollo had foretold him in prophecy","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μυθήσατο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μυθήσατο","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"χρείων","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μυθήσατο","gloss":"prophesying","note":"χρείων, present participle of χράω 'give oracle,' describing Apollo in the act of divination."},{"surface":"μυθήσατο","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"foretold"},{"surface":"Φοῖβος","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Phoebus"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μυθήσατο","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b8-l80","source":"Πυθοῖ ἐν ἠγαθέῃ, ὅθʼ ὑπέρβη λάινον οὐδὸν","translation":"in holy Pytho, when he crossed the stone threshold","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Πυθοῖ","lemma":"Πυθώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in Pytho","note":"Πυθοῖ, locative dative naming Delphi's older cult-name, site of Apollo's oracle."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἠγαθέῃ","lemma":"ἠγάθεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Πυθοῖ","gloss":"holy"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ὑπέρβη","lemma":"ὑπερβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅθ᾽","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"λάινον","lemma":"λάινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐδὸν","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"οὐδὸν","lemma":"οὐδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέρβη","gloss":"threshold"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b8-l81","source":"χρησόμενος· τότε γάρ ῥα κυλίνδετο πήματος ἀρχὴ","translation":"to consult the oracle; for then the beginning of woe was rolling onward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρησόμενος","lemma":"χράω","morphology":"future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπέρβη","gloss":"to consult the oracle","note":"Future participle χρησόμενος expressing purpose: 'in order to consult the oracle.'"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κυλίνδετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κυλίνδετο","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was rolling","note":"κυλίνδετο, vivid metaphor of woe 'rolling' like a stone toward its onset."},{"surface":"πήματος","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὴ","gloss":"of woe"},{"surface":"ἀρχὴ","lemma":"ἀρχή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κυλίνδετο","gloss":"beginning"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b8-l82","source":"Τρωσί τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι Διὸς μεγάλου διὰ βουλάς.","translation":"upon Trojans and Danaans alike, through the plans of great Zeus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l82.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Διὸς ... διὰ βουλάς","title":"'Through the will of Zeus'","body":"Echoes the proem of the Iliad: the suffering of both armies unfolds according to Zeus's design."}],"words":[{"surface":"Τρωσί","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Trojans"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Δαναοῖσι","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies βουλάς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μεγάλου","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"βουλάς","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"plans","note":"διὰ ... βουλάς 'through the plans/counsels [of Zeus]' — the epic's recurring theme that Zeus's will drives events."}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b8-l83","source":"ταῦτʼ ἄρʼ ἀοιδὸς ἄειδε περικλυτός· αὐτὰρ\n                  Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"These things the far-famed singer sang; but Odysseus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄειδε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸς","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄειδε","gloss":"singer"},{"surface":"ἄειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sang"},{"surface":"περικλυτός","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὸς","gloss":"far-famed","note":"περικλυτός 'very famous,' a formulaic epithet elsewhere applied to craftsmen and singers alike."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"ʼὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b8-l84","source":"πορφύρεον μέγα φᾶρος ἑλὼν χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι","translation":"taking up his great purple cloak in his strong hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πορφύρεον","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴρυσσε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴρυσσε","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἑλὼν","gloss":"in hands"},{"surface":"στιβαρῇσι","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶ","gloss":"strong"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b8-l85","source":"κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε, κάλυψε δὲ καλὰ πρόσωπα·","translation":"drew it down over his head, and hid his handsome face;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰκ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down over"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of κὰκ","gloss":"head","note":"Genitive of the part covered, governed by κατά split by tmesis (κὰκ...εἴρυσσε)."},{"surface":"εἴρυσσε","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew/pulled"},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hid, covered"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλὰ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πρόσωπα","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"πρόσωπα","lemma":"πρόσωπον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κάλυψε","gloss":"face","note":"Neuter plural πρόσωπα used for a single face, a common epic idiom."}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b8-l86","source":"αἴδετο γὰρ Φαίηκας ὑπʼ ὀφρύσι δάκρυα λείβων.","translation":"for he was ashamed before the Phaeacians to let tears fall from his eyes.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l86.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἴδετο","title":"Imperfect of shame","body":"αἴδετο ('he felt shame, was ashamed') is imperfect, conveying his sustained emotional state while the song goes on."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἴδετο","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was ashamed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Φαίηκας","lemma":"φαίαξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of αἴδετο","gloss":"the Phaeacians","note":"Accusative of the person before whom shame is felt, not a direct object in the usual sense."},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under, beneath"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπ᾽","gloss":"his brows"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λείβων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"λείβων","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to αἴδετο","gloss":"letting fall","note":"Circumstantial participle explaining how he felt shame: 'shedding tears.'"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b8-l87","source":"ἦ τοι ὅτε λήξειεν ἀείδων θεῖος ἀοιδός,","translation":"Indeed, whenever the divine singer left off singing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l87.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅτε λήξειεν","title":"Optative of repeated action","body":"λήξειεν is an optative in a 'whenever' clause: it marks an action that happened again and again in past time."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly (emphatic)"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"λήξειεν","lemma":"λήγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"left off","note":"Optative of repeated past action ('whenever he would stop') — the iterative optative."},{"surface":"ἀείδων","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of λήξειεν","gloss":"singing"},{"surface":"θεῖος","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀοιδός","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδός","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of λήξειεν","gloss":"singer","note":"θεῖος ἀοιδός, a formulaic epithet for the bard Demodocus."}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b8-l88","source":"δάκρυ ὀμορξάμενος κεφαλῆς ἄπο φᾶρος ἕλεσκε","translation":"he would wipe away the tears and take the cloak from his head","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l88.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἕλεσκε","title":"The iterative -σκ- ending","body":"ἕλεσκε ('he kept taking') has the Homeric iterative suffix -σκ-, marking habitual or repeated past action."}],"words":[{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀμορξάμενος","gloss":"tear(s)"},{"surface":"ὀμορξάμενος","lemma":"ὀμόργνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἕλεσκε","gloss":"wiping away"},{"surface":"κεφαλῆς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄπο","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from","note":"Anastrophe: ἄπο stands after its noun κεφαλῆς and shifts its accent back."},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλεσκε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"ἕλεσκε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would take","note":"Iterative -σκε suffix marks repeated past action: 'he used to take.'"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b8-l89","source":"καὶ δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον ἑλὼν σπείσασκε θεοῖσιν·","translation":"and, lifting the two-handled cup, pour libation to the gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλὼν","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἀμφικύπελλον","lemma":"ἀμφικύπελλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"two-handled","note":"Stock Homeric epithet for the drinking cup (δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον)."},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σπείσασκε","gloss":"taking, lifting"},{"surface":"σπείσασκε","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would pour libation","note":"Iterative -σκε form again, matching ἕλεσκε above: habitual action."},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σπείσασκε","gloss":"to the gods"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b8-l90","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅτʼ ἂψ ἄρχοιτο καὶ ὀτρύνειαν ἀείδειν","translation":"But whenever the singer began again, and the noblest","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l90.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄρχοιτο","gloss":"again, back"},{"surface":"ἄρχοιτο","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"would begin"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνειαν","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"would urge","note":"Optative of repeated action, parallel to ἄρχοιτο: customary past."},{"surface":"ἀείδειν","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνειαν","gloss":"to sing"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b8-l91","source":"Φαιήκων οἱ ἄριστοι, ἐπεὶ τέρποντʼ ἐπέεσσιν,","translation":"of the Phaeacians urged him to sing, since they delighted in his words,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ὀτρύνειαν","gloss":"noblest","note":"οἱ ἄριστοι Φαιήκων, 'the best of the Phaeacians', a common partitive genitive formula."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"τέρποντ","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"delighted"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τέρποντ᾽","gloss":"in his words"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b8-l92","source":"ἂψ Ὀδυσεὺς κατὰ κρᾶτα καλυψάμενος γοάασκεν.","translation":"Odysseus would cover his head again and weep.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γοάασκεν","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γοάασκεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down over"},{"surface":"κρᾶτα","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"head","note":"Epic form κρᾶτα (from κάρα), an alternate accusative for 'head.'"},{"surface":"καλυψάμενος","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γοάασκεν","gloss":"covering (himself)","note":"Middle voice: he covers his own head, echoing κάλυψε of line 85."},{"surface":"γοάασκεν","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would weep","note":"Another -σκε iterative verb, capping the recurring pattern of habitual grief."}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b8-l93","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλους μὲν πάντας ἐλάνθανε δάκρυα λείβων,","translation":"There he escaped the notice of all the others as he shed his tears,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l93.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐλάνθανε ... λείβων","title":"Lanthano with a participle","body":"λανθάνω ('escape notice') takes a participle (λείβων, 'shedding tears') to mean 'he wept unnoticed'—the participle carries the main idea."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλάνθανε","gloss":"there, then"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐλάνθανε","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐλάνθανε","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice of","note":"λανθάνω + accusative + participle: 'he was unnoticed by X doing Y' — idiomatic double construction."},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λείβων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"λείβων","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of ἐλάνθανε","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b8-l94","source":"Ἀλκίνοος δέ μιν οἶος ἐπεφράσατʼ ἠδʼ ἐνόησεν","translation":"but Alcinous alone noticed and was aware of him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l94.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"οἶος 'alone' agrees with Alcinous, stressing he alone noticed among the crowd."},{"surface":"ἐπεφράσατ","lemma":"ἐπιφράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"noticed, perceived"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was aware of"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b8-l95","source":"ἥμενος ἄγχʼ αὐτοῦ, βαρὺ δὲ στενάχοντος ἄκουσεν.","translation":"sitting near him, and heard him groaning heavily.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l95.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"στενάχοντος ἄκουσεν","title":"Genitive with 'hear'","body":"ἀκούω often takes the genitive of the source of sound: here στενάχοντος ('him groaning') is genitive as the thing heard."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠδ᾽","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἄγχ","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄγχ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βαρὺ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντος","gloss":"heavily","note":"Neuter accusative βαρύ used adverbially, 'heavily/deeply' modifying the groaning."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στενάχοντος","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ἄκουσεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b8-l96","source":"αἶψα δὲ Φαιήκεσσι φιληρέτμοισι μετηύδα·","translation":"At once he spoke among the oar-loving Phaeacians:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l96.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φιληρέτμοισι","title":"'Oar-loving'","body":"φιλήρετμος ('fond of the oar') is a standing epithet for the seafaring Phaeacians."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσι","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"to the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"φιληρέτμοισι","lemma":"φιλήρετμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαιήκεσσι","gloss":"oar-loving","note":"φιλήρετμος, a fitting epithet for the seafaring Phaeacians."},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b8-l97","source":"κέκλυτε, Φαιήκων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες.","translation":"\"Hear me, leaders and counselors of the Phaeacians.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear!","note":"Reduplicated aorist imperative of κλύω (κέκλυθι/κέκλυτε), not a true perfect despite the reduplication — a formulaic epic way to open a speech: 'listen!'"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders","note":"Vocative plural addressing the assembly directly: 'O leaders...'"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"counselors"}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b8-l98","source":"ἤδη μὲν δαιτὸς κεκορήμεθα θυμὸν ἐίσης","translation":"By now we have satisfied our hearts with the equal feast","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l98.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαιτὸς ... ἐίσης","title":"'The equal feast'","body":"δαὶς ἐίση, the 'equally divided feast,' stresses fair shares for all—an ideal of the proper banquet in Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεκορήμεθα","gloss":"already, now"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"δαιτὸς","lemma":"δαίτης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"of the feast"},{"surface":"κεκορήμεθα","lemma":"κορέννυμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we have satisfied","note":"Perfect middle 'we have had our fill of' + genitive of the thing enjoyed."},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκορήμεθα","gloss":"heart, appetite"},{"surface":"ἐίσης","lemma":"ἔισος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies δαιτὸς","gloss":"equal, fair"}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b8-l99","source":"φόρμιγγός θʼ, ἣ δαιτὶ συνήορός ἐστι θαλείῃ·","translation":"and the lyre, which is the companion of the rich feast.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φόρμιγγός","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of θ᾽","gloss":"the lyre"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἣ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστι","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δαιτὶ","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies συνήορός","gloss":"the feast"},{"surface":"συνήορός","lemma":"συνήορος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"companion","note":"συνήορος 'yoke-fellow, companion' — the lyre is poetically paired with feasting."},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φόρμιγγός","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θαλείῃ","lemma":"θάλεια","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δαιτὶ","gloss":"rich, abundant"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b8-l100","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐξέλθωμεν καὶ ἀέθλων πειρηθῶμεν","translation":"Now let us go out and make trial of the contests,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l100.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐξέλθωμεν ... πειρηθῶμεν","title":"'Let us' subjunctives","body":"Both verbs are first-person plural subjunctives expressing exhortation: 'let us go out and let us test.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξέλθωμεν","lemma":"ἐξέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us go out","note":"Hortatory subjunctive, 1st plural: 'let us...'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀέθλων","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πειρηθῶμεν","gloss":"of the contests"},{"surface":"πειρηθῶμεν","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us make trial","note":"Hortatory subjunctive paired with ἐξέλθωμεν; πειράω + genitive, 'make trial of.'"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b8-l101","source":"πάντων, ὥς χʼ ὁ ξεῖνος ἐνίσπῃ οἷσι φίλοισιν","translation":"all of them, so that the stranger may tell his friends,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀέθλων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)","note":"χ᾽ = κε, the epic equivalent of ἄν, marking purpose with subjunctive."},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"stranger, guest"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπῃ","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"may tell"},{"surface":"οἷσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φίλοισιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"φίλοισιν","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"friends"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b8-l102","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσας, ὅσσον περιγιγνόμεθʼ ἄλλων","translation":"when he has returned home, how far we surpass others","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστήσας","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"νοστήσας","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"having returned"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περιγιγνόμεθ᾽","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"περιγιγνόμεθ","lemma":"περιγίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"we surpass","note":"περιγίγνομαι + genitive, 'excel/surpass others' — object clause after ἐνίσπῃ."},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of περιγιγνόμεθ᾽","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b8-l103","source":"πύξ τε παλαιμοσύνῃ τε καὶ ἅλμασιν ἠδὲ πόδεσσιν.","translation":"in boxing and wrestling and jumping and in running.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πύξ","lemma":"πύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in boxing"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παλαιμοσύνῃ","lemma":"παλαισμοσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in wrestling"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅλμασιν","lemma":"ἅλμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in jumping"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόδεσσιν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠδὲ","gloss":"in running","note":"πόδεσσιν, 'with feet,' idiomatically means footraces here."}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b8-l104","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἡγήσατο, τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο.","translation":"So speaking he led the way, and they followed with him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l104.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φωνήσας","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἡγήσατο","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἡγήσατο","lemma":"ἡγέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"they","note":"τοί, epic demonstrative pronoun functioning as 'they', not the article."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕποντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b8-l105","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα λίγειαν,","translation":"The herald hung the clear-toned lyre on its peg,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κὰδ = κατά in tmesis with κρέμασεν, split by δ᾽ and ἐκ."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πασσαλόφι","lemma":"πάσσαλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the peg"},{"surface":"κρέμασεν","lemma":"κρεμάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγα","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κρέμασεν","gloss":"lyre"},{"surface":"λίγειαν","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φόρμιγγα","gloss":"clear-toned"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b8-l106","source":"Δημοδόκου δʼ ἕλε χεῖρα καὶ ἔξαγεν ἐκ μεγάροιο","translation":"took Demodocus by the hand, and led him out of the hall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δημοδόκου","lemma":"Δημόδοκος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χεῖρα","gloss":"Demodocus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἕλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took hold of"},{"surface":"χεῖρα","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλε","gloss":"his hand"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔξαγεν","lemma":"ἐξάγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led out"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"μεγάροιο","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the hall"}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b8-l107","source":"κῆρυξ· ἦρχε δὲ τῷ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἥν περ οἱ ἄλλοι","translation":"the herald; and he guided him along the same road that the others took,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔξαγεν","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"ἦρχε","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guided, led"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"αὐτὴν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"the same"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἦρχε","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"ἥν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"which","note":"Relative pronoun ἥν picks up ὁδόν, 'the road which...'"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed (emphatic)"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b8-l108","source":"Φαιήκων οἱ ἄριστοι, ἀέθλια θαυμανέοντες.","translation":"the noblest of the Phaeacians, to marvel at the contests.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"noblest"},{"surface":"ἀέθλια","lemma":"ἄθλιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of θαυμανέοντες","gloss":"the contests"},{"surface":"θαυμανέοντες","lemma":"θαυμαίνω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to marvel at"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b8-l109","source":"βὰν δʼ ἴμεν εἰς ἀγορήν, ἅμα δʼ ἕσπετο πουλὺς ὅμιλος,","translation":"They set out to go to the assembly, and a great crowd followed with them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βὰν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they went"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βὰν","gloss":"to go","note":"Complementary infinitive with βὰν (βαίνω): 'they went to go' i.e. 'set out.'"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, into"},{"surface":"ἀγορήν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"the assembly"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕσπετο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἕσπετο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"πουλὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅμιλος","gloss":"vast, great"},{"surface":"ὅμιλος","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕσπετο","gloss":"crowd"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b8-l110","source":"μυρίοι· ἂν δʼ ἵσταντο νέοι πολλοί τε καὶ ἐσθλοί.","translation":"thousands; and many fine young men stood up.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μυρίοι","lemma":"μυρίος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"countless","note":"μυρίοι, 'ten-thousandfold,' hyperbolic epic number for an immense crowd."},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"ἀνά in tmesis with ἵσταντο: 'stood up.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then (particle)"},{"surface":"ἵσταντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἵσταντο","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"πολλοί","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both...and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσθλοί","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"noble, brave"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b8-l111","source":"ὦρτο μὲν Ἀκρόνεώς τε καὶ Ὠκύαλος καὶ Ἐλατρεύς,","translation":"Up rose Akroneos and Okyalos and Elatreus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (particle)"},{"surface":"Ἀκρόνεώς","lemma":"Ἀκρόνεως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Akroneos"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὠκύαλος","lemma":"Ὠκύαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Okyalos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐλατρεύς","lemma":"Ἐλατρεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Elatreus","note":"Catalog of Phaeacian athlete names, several built on sea/rowing roots (Ὠκύαλος 'swift-at-sea')."}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b8-l112","source":"Ναυτεύς τε Πρυμνεύς τε καὶ Ἀγχίαλος καὶ Ἐρετμεύς,","translation":"Nauteus and Prymneus and Anchialos and Eretmeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ναυτεύς","lemma":"Ναυτεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Nauteus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρυμνεύς","lemma":"Πρυμνεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Prymneus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀγχίαλος","lemma":"Ἀγχίαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Anchialos"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἐρετμεύς","lemma":"Ἐρετμεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Eretmeus","note":"Ἐρετμεύς 'Oarsman', another speaking-name for a Phaeacian, fitting their seafaring identity."}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b8-l113","source":"Ποντεύς τε Πρωρεύς τε, Θόων Ἀναβησίνεώς τε","translation":"and Ponteus and Proreus, Thoon and Anabesineos,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ποντεύς","lemma":"Ποντεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Ponteus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Πρωρεύς","lemma":"Πρωρεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Proreus"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Θόων","lemma":"Θόων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"Thoon"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b8-l114","source":"Ἀμφίαλός θʼ, υἱὸς Πολυνήου Τεκτονίδαο·","translation":"and Amphialos, son of Polyneos son of Tekton.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l114.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Πολυνήου Τεκτονίδαο","title":"Genitive of descent","body":"Both names stand in the genitive to mark lineage: 'of Polyneos, the son of Tekton.' The patronymic suffix -ίδης ('son of') is itself declined into the genitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀμφίαλός","lemma":"Ἀμφίαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Amphialos"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Πολυνήου","lemma":"Πολύνηος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Polyneos","note":"Genitive of parentage stacked twice (Polyneos son of Tekton) — a common Homeric patronymic chain."},{"surface":"Τεκτονίδαο","lemma":"Τεκτονίδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Πολυνήου","gloss":"son of Tekton"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b8-l115","source":"ἂν δὲ καὶ Εὐρύαλος, βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ,","translation":"And up rose Euryalos too, the equal of man-destroying Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l115.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ","title":"Man-destroying Ares","body":"βροτολοιγός ('bane of mortals') is a fixed epithet of the war-god. The phrase 'equal to Ares' is a standard way of praising a warrior's fierce strength."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up","note":"ἀνά used adverbially/tmesis with an implied verb (rose), separated from its verb — classic Homeric tmesis."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"Εὐρύαλος","lemma":"Εὐρύαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Euryalos"},{"surface":"βροτολοιγῷ","lemma":"βροτολοιγός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηϊ","gloss":"man-destroying","note":"βροτολοιγός, epithet of Ares — a compound formula (\"destroyer of mortals\") reused across the Iliad and Odyssey."},{"surface":"ἶσος","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρύαλος","gloss":"equal to"},{"surface":"Ἄρηϊ","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἶσος","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b8-l116","source":"Ναυβολίδης, ὃς ἄριστος ἔην εἶδός τε δέμας τε","translation":"son of Naubolos, who was the best in looks and build","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ναυβολίδης","lemma":"Ναυβολίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Εὐρύαλος","gloss":"son of Naubolos"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Εὐρύαλος","gloss":"was","note":"ἔην is an epic/Ionic imperfect of εἰμί (=ἦν), common metrical variant."},{"surface":"εἶδός","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"in looks"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"in build"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b8-l117","source":"πάντων Φαιήκων μετʼ ἀμύμονα Λαοδάμαντα.","translation":"of all the Phaeacians after blameless Laodamas.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαιήκων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after","note":"μετά + accusative here means \"next after/second only to\" — ranking usage, not simple location."},{"surface":"ἀμύμονα","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Λαοδάμαντα","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Λαοδάμαντα","lemma":"Λαοδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"Laodamas"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b8-l118","source":"ἂν δʼ ἔσταν τρεῖς παῖδες ἀμύμονος Ἀλκινόοιο,","translation":"Up too stood the three sons of blameless Alkinoos,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"ἔσταν, root-aorist 3rd pl. of ἵστημι without thematic vowel — an archaic strong-aorist form."},{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλκινόοιο","gloss":"of blameless"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"Alkinoos"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b8-l119","source":"Λαοδάμας θʼ Ἅλιός τε καὶ ἀντίθεος Κλυτόνηος.","translation":"Laodamas and Halios and godlike Clytoneus.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαοδάμας","lemma":"Λαοδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Laodamas"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἅλιός","lemma":"Ἅλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Halios"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀντίθεος","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κλυτόνηος","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Κλυτόνηος","lemma":"Κλυτόνηος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Clytoneus"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b8-l120","source":"οἱ δʼ ἦ τοι πρῶτον μὲν ἐπειρήσαντο πόδεσσι.","translation":"First of all they made their trial in the footrace.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l120.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπειρήσαντο","title":"Aorist middle","body":"ἐπειρήσαντο is aorist middle of πειράομαι, 'they made trial (of themselves).' The middle voice keeps the action's interest on the subjects—they test their own speed."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπειρήσαντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"you know"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπειρήσαντο","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐπειρήσαντο","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made trial","note":"πειράω middle + dative of means (πόδεσσι, \"with their feet\") = competed in a footrace."},{"surface":"πόδεσσι","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπειρήσαντο","gloss":"with their feet"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b8-l121","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἀπὸ νύσσης τέτατο δρόμος· οἱ δʼ ἅμα πάντες","translation":"For them the track was stretched out from the starting-line, and all together","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσι","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to τέτατο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νύσσης","lemma":"νύσσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"the starting-line"},{"surface":"τέτατο","lemma":"τείνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was stretched","note":"τέτατο, pluperfect passive of τείνω used with present force (\"lay stretched\") — Homeric pluperfect-as-state."},{"surface":"δρόμος","lemma":"δρόμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέτατο","gloss":"the course"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b8-l122","source":"καρπαλίμως ἐπέτοντο κονίοντες πεδίοιο·","translation":"they flew swiftly, raising the dust across the plain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"ἐπέτοντο","lemma":"πέτομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew","note":"πέτομαι \"fly\" used metaphorically of fast running — vivid Homeric image of runners."},{"surface":"κονίοντες","lemma":"κονέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέτοντο","gloss":"raising dust"},{"surface":"πεδίοιο","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of κονίοντες","gloss":"across the plain"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b8-l123","source":"τῶν δὲ θέειν ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἔην Κλυτόνηος ἀμύμων·","translation":"Far the best of them at running was blameless Clytoneus:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l123.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὄχʼ ἄριστος","title":"ὄχα + superlative","body":"The adverb ὄχα intensifies a superlative, 'by far the best.' It is a Homeric formula for marking a clear winner."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέειν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"at running","note":"Epexegetic infinitive θέειν specifying in what respect he was ἄριστος — \"best at running.\""},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Κλυτόνηος","lemma":"Κλυτόνηος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"Clytoneus"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κλυτόνηος","gloss":"blameless"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b8-l124","source":"ὅσσον τʼ ἐν νειῷ οὖρον πέλει ἡμιόνοιιν,","translation":"as far as the range of a span of mules in fallow ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πέλει","gloss":"as far as","note":"ὅσσον...τόσσον correlative construction (l.125) — \"as much as...so much\" measuring the distance."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νειῷ","lemma":"νειός","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐν","gloss":"fallow field"},{"surface":"οὖρον","lemma":"οὖρον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πέλει","gloss":"the range"},{"surface":"πέλει","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τόσσον","gloss":"extends"},{"surface":"ἡμιόνοιιν","lemma":"ἡμίονος","morphology":"dative dual masculine noun","role":"modifies οὖρον","gloss":"of a pair of mules","note":"Dual number ἡμιόνοιιν, \"of the two mules\" — a yoked team, showing the surviving Homeric dual."}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b8-l125","source":"τόσσον ὑπεκπροθέων λαοὺς ἵκεθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἐλίποντο.","translation":"by such a margin he outstripped the people, while the others fell behind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l125.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἵκεθ᾽","gloss":"by such a margin"},{"surface":"ὑπεκπροθέων","lemma":"ὑπεκπροθέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἵκεθ᾽","gloss":"outrunning","note":"ὑπεκπροθέων, a triple-compound participle (\"running out ahead from under\") typical of Homeric verbal richness."},{"surface":"λαοὺς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκεθ᾽","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἵκεθ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he reached"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλίποντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλίποντο","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were left behind"}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b8-l126","source":"οἱ δὲ παλαιμοσύνης ἀλεγεινῆς πειρήσαντο·","translation":"Then they made trial of the painful sport of wrestling,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρήσαντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παλαιμοσύνης","lemma":"παλαισμοσύνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of πειρήσαντο","gloss":"of wrestling"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινῆς","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies παλαιμοσύνης","gloss":"painful"},{"surface":"πειρήσαντο","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made trial"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b8-l127","source":"τῇ δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύαλος ἀπεκαίνυτο πάντας ἀρίστους.","translation":"and there in turn Euryalos surpassed all the best men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀπεκαίνυτο","gloss":"in that"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Εὐρύαλος","lemma":"Εὐρύαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπεκαίνυτο","gloss":"Euryalos"},{"surface":"ἀπεκαίνυτο","lemma":"ἀποκαίνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpassed","note":"ἀποκαίνυμαι, a rare Homeric middle verb meaning \"excel/surpass,\" governing an accusative of the persons outdone."},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀπεκαίνυτο","gloss":"the best men"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b8-l128","source":"ἅλματι δʼ Ἀμφίαλος πάντων προφερέστατος ἦεν·","translation":"In the jump Amphialos was foremost of them all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅλματι","lemma":"ἅλμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"in the jump"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀμφίαλος","lemma":"Ἀμφίαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"Amphialos"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies προφερέστατος","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"προφερέστατος","lemma":"προφερής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"foremost"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b8-l129","source":"δίσκῳ δʼ αὖ πάντων πολὺ φέρτατος ἦεν Ἐλατρεύς,","translation":"and at the discus by far the strongest of all was Elatreus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίσκῳ","lemma":"δίσκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"at the discus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies φέρτατος","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far","note":"πολύ used adverbially with a superlative (\"by far the strongest\") — intensifying accusative of degree."},{"surface":"φέρτατος","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strongest"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Ἐλατρεύς","lemma":"Ἐλατρεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"Elatreus"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b8-l130","source":"πὺξ δʼ αὖ Λαοδάμας, ἀγαθὸς πάϊς Ἀλκινόοιο.","translation":"and at boxing Laodamas, the good son of Alkinoos.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πὺξ","lemma":"πύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"in boxing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Alkinoos"}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b8-l131","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντες ἐτέρφθησαν φρένʼ ἀέθλοις,","translation":"But when they had all delighted their hearts with the contests,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐτέρφθησαν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐτέρφθησαν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had delighted"},{"surface":"φρέν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐτέρφθησαν","gloss":"their hearts","note":"φρένα, accusative of respect (\"in heart\") with ἐτέρφθησαν — a classic Greek \"accusative of respect\" construction."},{"surface":"ἀέθλοις","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐτέρφθησαν","gloss":"with the contests"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b8-l132","source":"τοῖς ἄρα Λαοδάμας μετέφη πάϊς Ἀλκινόοιο·","translation":"Laodamas, son of Alkinoos, spoke among them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μετέφη","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Λαοδάμας","lemma":"Λαοδάμας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Laodamas"},{"surface":"μετέφη","lemma":"μετάφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke among"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Alkinoos"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b8-l133","source":"δεῦτε, φίλοι, τὸν ξεῖνον ἐρώμεθα εἴ τινʼ\n                     ἄεθλον","translation":"\"Come, friends, let us ask the stranger whether he knows","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦτε","lemma":"δεῦτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"come","note":"δεῦτε, plural imperative-adverb \"come here!\" — a fixed Homeric call-to-action formula opening a speech."},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρώμεθα","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἐρώμεθα","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us ask","note":"ἐρώμεθα, aorist subjunctive 1st pl. (hortatory subjunctive) — \"let us ask.\""},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"contest"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b8-l134","source":"οἶδέ τε καὶ δεδάηκε. φυήν γε μὲν οὐ κακός ἐστι,","translation":"and has learned any sport. In build he is no weakling—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l134.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δεδάηκε","title":"Perfect with present force","body":"δεδάηκε is the perfect of *δάω, 'has learned (and so knows).' The Greek perfect describes a present state resulting from a past action."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἶδέ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"knows"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"δεδάηκε","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"has learned","note":"δεδάηκε, perfect of δάω (\"learn/be skilled\") — perfect stresses the resulting present skill, not the past act."},{"surface":"φυήν","lemma":"φυή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"in build","note":"φυήν, accusative of respect again (\"in respect to build\") — same construction pattern as l.131."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κακός","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"ἐστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b8-l135","source":"μηρούς τε κνήμας τε καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρας ὕπερθεν","translation":"his thighs and calves, and both his hands above,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μηρούς","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"thighs"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κνήμας","lemma":"κνήμη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"calves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"accusative dual feminine adjective","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"both","note":"ἄμφω, dual adjective \"both\" — another surviving dual form paired with χεῖρας."},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ὕπερθεν","lemma":"ὕπερθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies χεῖρας","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b8-l136","source":"αὐχένα τε στιβαρὸν μέγα τε σθένος· οὐδέ τι ἥβης","translation":"his sturdy neck and great strength. Nor does he lack","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στιβαρὸν","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αὐχένα","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σθένος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σθένος","lemma":"σθένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to δεύεται","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἥβης","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεύεται","gloss":"of youth","note":"ἥβης, genitive of the thing lacked, governed by δεύεται (\"he is lacking in youth\") in the next line."}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b8-l137","source":"δεύεται, ἀλλὰ κακοῖσι συνέρρηκται πολέεσσιν·","translation":"youth at all, but he is broken by many hardships;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεύεται","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he lacks"},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"κακοῖσι","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of συνέρρηκται","gloss":"by hardships"},{"surface":"συνέρρηκται","lemma":"συρράσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has been broken","note":"συνέρρηκται, rare perfect passive of συρράσσω (\"shatter/dash together\") — vivid metaphor for being worn down."},{"surface":"πολέεσσιν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακοῖσι","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b8-l138","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ γέ τί φημι κακώτερον ἄλλο θαλάσσης","translation":"for I say there is nothing worse than the sea","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φημι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γέ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"κακώτερον","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worse"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τί","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κακώτερον","gloss":"than the sea"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b8-l139","source":"ἄνδρα γε συγχεῦαι, εἰ καὶ μάλα καρτερὸς εἴη.","translation":"for breaking a man, however very strong he may be.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l139.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰ καὶ μάλα καρτερὸς εἴη","title":"Optative of concession","body":"The optative εἴη in 'even if he should be very strong' frames a hypothetical concession without asserting it as fact—a typical use of the optative in a conditional clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of συγχεῦαι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"συγχεῦαι","lemma":"συγχέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at breaking","note":"συγχεῦαι, epexegetic aorist infinitive explaining in what respect the sea is \"worse\" — \"worse ... for wrecking a man.\""},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"καρτερὸς","lemma":"καρτερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"he may be"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b8-l140","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύαλος ἀπαμείβετο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"Then Euryalos answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Εὐρύαλος","lemma":"Εὐρύαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Euryalos"},{"surface":"ἀπαμείβετο","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered","note":"Formulaic pairing ἀπαμείβετο...φώνησέν τε, \"answered and spoke aloud\" — a standard Homeric speech-introduction formula."},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b8-l141","source":"Λαοδάμα, μάλα τοῦτο ἔπος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.","translation":"\"Laodamas, this word you have spoken is very fitting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l141.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες","title":"'According to due measure'","body":"κατὰ μοῖραν, literally 'according to one's portion,' is a formula meaning 'rightly, properly, as is fitting.' It recurs whenever a speaker approves of what was said."}],"words":[{"surface":"Λαοδάμα","lemma":"Λαοδάμας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Laodamas","note":"Vocative of address; implied head (\"son\") is elided, common in vocative epithets."},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔειπες","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"fitting measure","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν = 'according to due measure,' a common Homeric formula for 'fittingly.'"},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b8-l142","source":"αὐτὸς νῦν προκάλεσσαι ἰὼν καὶ πέφραδε μῦθον.","translation":"Go yourself now and challenge him, and make your meaning plain.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l142.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προκάλεσσαι","title":"Aorist middle imperative","body":"προκάλεσσαι is an aorist middle imperative, 'challenge (him) for yourself.' Commands in the aorist treat the action as a single whole rather than ongoing."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"you yourself","note":"Emphatic αὐτός reinforces the imperative: 'go yourself' (not send someone)."},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προκάλεσσαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"προκάλεσσαι","lemma":"προκαλέω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"challenge!"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προκάλεσσαι","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέφραδε","lemma":"φράζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"declare!","note":"πέφραδε is an aorist (reduplicated) form of φράζω used with imperative force in Homer, not a perfect."},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέφραδε","gloss":"word, speech"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b8-l143","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσʼ ἀγαθὸς πάϊς Ἀλκινόοιο,","translation":"Now when the good son of Alkinoos heard this,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"object of ἄκουσ᾽","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄκουσ","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὸς","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄκουσ᾽","gloss":"son","note":"πάϊς is the epic (uncontracted) form of παῖς, preserving the older vocalism."},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Alkinoos"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b8-l144","source":"στῆ ῥʼ ἐς μέσσον ἰὼν καὶ Ὀδυσσῆα προσέειπε·","translation":"he went and stood in the middle and spoke to Odysseus:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he stood"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στῆ","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed","note":"προσέειπε is a formulaic speech-introduction verb, common at line-end throughout Homer."}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b8-l145","source":"δεῦρʼ ἄγε καὶ σύ, ξεῖνε πάτερ, πείρησαι ἀέθλων,","translation":"\"Come here, you too, good father stranger, and try the games,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"here!"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger","note":"ξεῖνε πάτερ, 'stranger father,' is a courteous epic address formula, not literal kinship."},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ξεῖνε","gloss":"father (sir)"},{"surface":"πείρησαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"try!"},{"surface":"ἀέθλων","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πείρησαι","gloss":"the contests"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b8-l146","source":"εἴ τινά που δεδάηκας· ἔοικε δέ σʼ ἴδμεν ἀέθλους·","translation":"if perhaps you have learned any. It is fitting you know the sports;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δεδάηκας","gloss":"some (one)"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"δεδάηκας","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you have learned","note":"Perfect δεδάηκας stresses a lasting learned skill, not a single past act."},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is fitting"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδμεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ἔοικε","gloss":"to know"},{"surface":"ἀέθλους","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδμεν","gloss":"the contests"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b8-l147","source":"οὐ μὲν γὰρ μεῖζον κλέος ἀνέρος ὄφρα κʼ ἔῃσιν,","translation":"for there is no greater glory for a man, while he lives,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l147.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"kleos, glory through deeds","body":"κλέος is the renown a man wins by his actions and that others speak of him. Athletic skill, like battle, is a source of this lasting fame."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μεῖζον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"greater"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"glory","note":"κλέος, 'renown,' is the central heroic-value word of the whole epic tradition."},{"surface":"ἀνέρος","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"of a man"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(indefinite particle)"},{"surface":"ἔῃσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"he lives"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b8-l148","source":"ἤ ὅ τι ποσσίν τε ῥέξῃ καὶ χερσὶν ἑῇσιν.","translation":"than what he achieves with his own feet and hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξῃ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"ποσσίν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with feet"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥέξῃ","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἤ","gloss":"he achieves"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"ἑῇσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑῇσιν is the epic possessive adjective (his own), agreeing with χερσὶν; archaic reflexive form."}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b8-l149","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε πείρησαι, σκέδασον δʼ ἀπὸ κήδεα θυμοῦ.","translation":"Come then, try, and scatter the cares from your heart.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l149.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"σκέδασον ἀπὸ κήδεα θυμοῦ","title":"Imperative with tmesis","body":"σκέδασον is an aorist imperative, 'scatter!'; the prefix ἀπό is split off (tmesis) and governs θυμοῦ, 'away from your heart'—a common Homeric construction."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"πείρησαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"try!"},{"surface":"σκέδασον","lemma":"σκεδάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"scatter!","note":"σκέδασον, aorist imperative 'scatter,' vivid image of cares dispersed like a crowd or mist."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of σκέδασον","gloss":"the cares"},{"surface":"θυμοῦ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"of your heart"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b8-l150","source":"σοὶ δʼ ὁδὸς οὐκέτι δηρὸν ἀπέσσεται, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη","translation":"Your journey will not be put off much longer now; already for you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies ὁδὸς","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁδὸς","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀπέσσεται","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"δηρὸν","lemma":"δηρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπέσσεται","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"ἀπέσσεται","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be delayed","note":"ἀπέσσεται, future of ἄπειμι ('be away'), here idiomatically 'be put off/postponed.'"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b8-l151","source":"νηῦς τε κατείρυσται καὶ ἐπαρτέες εἰσὶν ἑταῖροι.","translation":"the ship is hauled down and the crew stand ready.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κατείρυσται","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κατείρυσται","lemma":"κατερύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is hauled down","note":"Perfect passive κατείρυσται: the ship's launch-readiness is a completed, standing state."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπαρτέες","lemma":"ἐπαρτής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"εἰσὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσὶν","gloss":"the crew"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b8-l152","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l152.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Epithet 'of many wiles'","body":"πολύμητις ('of many counsels, resourceful') is Odysseus' signature epithet, a formulaic phrase that fills the verse-end and characterizes the hero."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς, a fixed Homeric epithet-name formula filling the line-end."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b8-l153","source":"Λαοδάμα, τί με ταῦτα κελεύετε κερτομέοντες;","translation":"\"Laodamas, why do you all order me this, mocking me?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Λαοδάμα","lemma":"λαοδάμας","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Laodamas"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τίη","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κελεύετε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"κελεύετε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you (pl.) urge"},{"surface":"κερτομέοντες","lemma":"κερτομέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κελεύετε","gloss":"mocking","note":"κερτομέοντες, 'taunting,' shows Odysseus reads the challenge as an insult, not friendly sport."}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b8-l154","source":"κήδεά μοι καὶ μᾶλλον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἤ περ ἄεθλοι,","translation":"Cares are more in my mind than contests,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήδεά","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"cares"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κήδεά","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"my mind"},{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄεθλοι","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"contests"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b8-l155","source":"ὃς πρὶν μὲν μάλα πολλὰ πάθον καὶ πολλὰ μόγησα,","translation":"I who before have suffered much and toiled at much,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"who","note":"ὅς picks up Odysseus as subject; relative clause spans several lines describing his sufferings."},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πάθον","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"πάθον","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"I suffered"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of μόγησα","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"μόγησα","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"I toiled"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b8-l156","source":"νῦν δὲ μεθʼ ὑμετέρῃ ἀγορῇ νόστοιο χατίζων","translation":"and now I sit in your assembly, longing for my homecoming,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l156.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστοιο χατίζων","title":"nostos, the homecoming","body":"νόστος is the central theme of the poem: the return home. χατίζων ('longing for, in need of') marks Odysseus' driving desire throughout Book 8."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧμαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"ὑμετέρῃ","lemma":"ὑμέτερος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγορῇ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μεθ᾽","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"νόστοιο","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of χατίζων","gloss":"for homecoming","note":"νόστος, 'homecoming,' is the epic's central theme-word, object of χατίζων ('longing')."},{"surface":"χατίζων","lemma":"χατίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧμαι","gloss":"longing"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b8-l157","source":"ἧμαι, λισσόμενος βασιλῆά τε πάντα τε δῆμον.","translation":"begging the king and all the people.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧμαι","lemma":"κάθημαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δὲ","gloss":"I sit","note":"ἧμαι from κάθημαι; Odysseus casts himself as a suppliant seated among the Phaeacians."},{"surface":"λισσόμενος","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧμαι","gloss":"begging"},{"surface":"βασιλῆά","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"the king"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"people"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b8-l158","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύαλος ἀπαμείβετο νείκεσέ τʼ\n                  ἄντην·","translation":"Then Euryalos answered him and reviled him to his face:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Εὐρύαλος","lemma":"Εὐρύαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Euryalos"},{"surface":"ἀπαμείβετο","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"νείκεσέ","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reviled","note":"νεικέω, 'to rebuke/revile,' marks Euryalos's response as openly hostile taunting."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νείκεσέ","gloss":"to his face"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b8-l159","source":"οὐ γάρ σʼ οὐδέ, ξεῖνε, δαήμονι φωτὶ ἐίσκω","translation":"\"No, stranger, I do not liken you to a man skilled","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐίσκω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"δαήμονι","lemma":"δαήμων","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies φωτὶ","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"φωτὶ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐίσκω","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I liken"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b8-l160","source":"ἄθλων, οἷά τε πολλὰ μετʼ ἀνθρώποισι πέλονται,","translation":"in contests, of the many kinds there are among men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄθλων","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies δαήμονι","gloss":"in contests"},{"surface":"οἷά","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"of the sort"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(correlative)"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"πέλονται","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄθλων","gloss":"occur"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b8-l161","source":"ἀλλὰ τῷ, ὅς θʼ ἅμα νηὶ πολυκλήιδι θαμίζων,","translation":"but rather to one who, plying his many-benched ship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but rather"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀλλὰ","gloss":"to that one"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾖσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἅμα","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"πολυκλήιδι","lemma":"πολυκλήις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"many-benched","note":"πολυκλήιδι, 'many-oarlocked,' a stock epithet for a well-manned ship."},{"surface":"θαμίζων","lemma":"θαμίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾖσιν","gloss":"plying (his trade)"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b8-l162","source":"ἀρχὸς ναυτάων οἵ τε πρηκτῆρες ἔασιν,","translation":"is a captain of sailors who are traders,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχὸς","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"captain"},{"surface":"ναυτάων","lemma":"ναύτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρχὸς","gloss":"of sailors"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρηκτῆρες","lemma":"πρακτήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"traders","note":"πρηκτῆρες, 'men of business/traders' — Euryalos frames Odysseus as a mere merchant, an insult to a hero's status."},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ναυτάων","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b8-l163","source":"φόρτου τε μνήμων καὶ ἐπίσκοπος ᾖσιν ὁδαίων","translation":"one mindful of his freight and overseer of his wares","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φόρτου","lemma":"φόρτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μνήμων","gloss":"of cargo"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μνήμων","lemma":"μνήμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mindful"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπίσκοπος","lemma":"ἐπίσκοπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"overseer"},{"surface":"ᾖσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τῷ","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ὁδαίων","lemma":"ὁδαῖος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies θ᾽","gloss":"of wares"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b8-l164","source":"κερδέων θʼ ἁρπαλέων· οὐδʼ ἀθλητῆρι ἔοικας.","translation":"and of greedily-snatched gains. You look like no athlete.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κερδέων","lemma":"κέρδος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies θ᾽","gloss":"of gains"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἁρπαλέων","lemma":"ἁρπαλέος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κερδέων","gloss":"greedily-snatched","note":"ἁρπαλέων, 'grasping/greedy,' completes the merchant-insult: profit-hungry, not athletic."},{"surface":"ἀθλητῆρι","lemma":"ἀθλητής","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"an athlete"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you look like"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b8-l165","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then, with a dark look, Odysseus of many wiles addressed him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l165.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών","title":"'With a dark look'","body":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών, 'looking from under (the brows),' is a formula for an angry, scowling glance. It always precedes a stern or indignant reply in Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὑπόδρα","lemma":"ὑπόδρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδὼν","gloss":"with a scowl","note":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών, 'looking darkly/askance,' a Homeric formula introducing an angry retort."},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b8-l166","source":"ξεῖνʼ, οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες· ἀτασθάλῳ ἀνδρὶ ἔοικας.","translation":"\"Stranger, you have not spoken well; you are like a reckless man.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to οὐ","gloss":"well","note":"οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες, 'you spoke not well' — a blunt Homeric rebuke formula for a breach of etiquette."},{"surface":"ἔειπες","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you spoke"},{"surface":"ἀτασθάλῳ","lemma":"ἀτάσθαλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὶ","gloss":"reckless"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔοικας","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἔοικας","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are like"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b8-l167","source":"οὕτως οὐ πάντεσσι θεοὶ χαρίεντα διδοῦσιν","translation":"So it is: the gods do not give pleasing gifts to all","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διδοῦσιν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσιν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διδοῦσιν","gloss":"gods","note":"Introduces Odysseus's famous reflection that the gods distribute gifts (looks, speech, wits) unevenly among men."},{"surface":"χαρίεντα","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"pleasing things"},{"surface":"διδοῦσιν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b8-l168","source":"ἀνδράσιν, οὔτε φυὴν οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένας οὔτʼ ἀγορητύν.","translation":"men alike—not build, nor sense, nor skill in speech.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l168.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὔτε... οὔτʼ... οὔτʼ","title":"Triple negative correlation","body":"The repeated οὔτε ('neither... nor... nor') lists the three gifts the gods distribute unevenly: physique, intelligence, and eloquence. The parallel structure underscores Odysseus' point."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πάντεσσι","gloss":"to men, among men","note":"Continues a construction from the preceding line (not included here): 'the gods do not give charming gifts to all men alike.'"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"φυὴν","lemma":"φυή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"build, stature"},{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἂρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"sense, wit"},{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἀγορητύν","lemma":"ἀγορητύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"skill in speech"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b8-l169","source":"ἄλλος μὲν γάρ τʼ εἶδος ἀκιδνότερος πέλει ἀνήρ,","translation":"For one man may be rather poor in looks,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκιδνότερος","gloss":"in appearance"},{"surface":"ἀκιδνότερος","lemma":"ἀκιδνός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"poorer"},{"surface":"πέλει","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέλει","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b8-l170","source":"ἀλλὰ θεὸς μορφὴν ἔπεσι στέφει, οἱ δέ τʼ ἐς αὐτὸν","translation":"but a god crowns his words with grace, and people gaze at him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l170.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μορφὴν ἔπεσι στέφει","title":"Crowning words with shape","body":"The image is of beauty (μορφή) set like a garland upon a man's speech. Homer makes eloquence itself a kind of physical adornment that draws every eye."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of στέφει","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"μορφὴν","lemma":"μορφή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of στέφει","gloss":"grace/form"},{"surface":"ἔπεσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to στέφει","gloss":"with words","note":"dative of means: crowns his words with charm, not literal words-as-place"},{"surface":"στέφει","lemma":"στέφω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crowns"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λεύσσουσιν","gloss":"they","note":"οἱ here is the epic pronoun 'they/people', not the article"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b8-l171","source":"τερπόμενοι λεύσσουσιν· ὁ δʼ ἀσφαλέως ἀγορεύει","translation":"with delight; and he speaks on without faltering,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τερπόμενοι","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to λεύσσουσιν","gloss":"delighting","note":"circumstantial participle: 'gaze, taking pleasure in it'"},{"surface":"λεύσσουσιν","lemma":"λεύσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they gaze"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγορεύει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσφαλέως","lemma":"ἀσφαλής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύει","gloss":"unfalteringly"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύει","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"speaks"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b8-l172","source":"αἰδοῖ μειλιχίῃ, μετὰ δὲ πρέπει ἀγρομένοισιν,","translation":"with winning modesty, and stands out among the gathered men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l172.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰδοῖ μειλιχίῃ","title":"aidôs, gracious modesty","body":"αἰδώς is the respectful restraint that wins others' regard; paired with μειλιχίη ('gentle, soothing'), it describes a speaker whose modest poise commands the room."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰδοῖ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀγορεύει","gloss":"with modesty"},{"surface":"μειλιχίῃ","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰδοῖ","gloss":"winning","note":"μειλίχιος 'honey-sweet' modifying αἰδοῖ: gentle, endearing modesty"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρέπει","lemma":"πρέπω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands out"},{"surface":"ἀγρομένοισιν","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"the assembled men","note":"aorist middle participle of ἀγείρω 'gather', substantival: 'those gathered'"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b8-l173","source":"ἐρχόμενον δʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ θεὸν ὣς εἰσορόωσιν.","translation":"and as he goes through the town they look on him as a god.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχόμενον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the town"},{"surface":"θεὸν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as","note":"ὣς 'thus/as' completing the simile: θεὸν ὣς = 'as a god'"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωσιν","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they look on"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b8-l174","source":"ἄλλος δʼ αὖ εἶδος μὲν ἀλίγκιος ἀθανάτοισιν,","translation":"Another again may be in looks like the immortals,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"another (man)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀλίγκιος","gloss":"in looks","note":"accusative of respect: 'like the immortals in appearance'"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀλίγκιος","lemma":"ἀλίγκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀλίγκιος","gloss":"the immortals"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b8-l175","source":"ἀλλʼ οὔ οἱ χάρις ἀμφιπεριστέφεται ἐπέεσσιν,","translation":"but no grace is set as a crown around his words,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφιπεριστέφεται","gloss":"on him","note":"dative ἕ, unstressed 3rd-person pronoun, dative of reference with the verb"},{"surface":"χάρις","lemma":"χάρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιπεριστέφεται","gloss":"grace"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπεριστέφεται","lemma":"ἀμφιπεριστέφομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is crowned around","note":"rare compound ἀμφιπεριστέφομαι, doubled prefixes 'around-about-crown' echoing στέφει in l.170"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφιπεριστέφεται","gloss":"his words"}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b8-l176","source":"ὡς καὶ σοὶ εἶδος μὲν ἀριπρεπές, οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως","translation":"just as in your case your looks are striking—not even a god","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"just as"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εἶδος","lemma":"εἶδος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"looks"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀριπρεπές","lemma":"ἀριπρεπής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"striking","note":"ἀριπρεπής, intensive ἀρι- prefix 'very conspicuous'"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τεύξειε","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b8-l177","source":"οὐδὲ θεὸς τεύξειε, νόον δʼ ἀποφώλιός ἐσσι.","translation":"could shape them otherwise—but in mind you are worthless.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l177.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόον ἀποφώλιος","title":"Empty in mind","body":"ἀποφώλιος means 'empty, good-for-nothing, vain.' Odysseus turns Euryalos' insult back: handsome but hollow-minded, the opposite of the graceful speaker just described."}],"words":[{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τεύξειε","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"τεύξειε","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"could make","note":"aorist optative of wish/potential: 'not even a god could shape it otherwise'"},{"surface":"νόον","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐσσι","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀποφώλιός","lemma":"ἀποφώλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worthless"},{"surface":"ἐσσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"you are"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b8-l178","source":"ὤρινάς μοι θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισιν","translation":"You have stirred the heart in my breast","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤρινάς","lemma":"ὀρίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have stirred"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὤρινάς","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσι","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"φίλοισιν","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies στήθεσσι","gloss":"dear/own","note":"φίλος here means 'one's own', a common Homeric usage rather than 'beloved'"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b8-l179","source":"εἰπὼν οὐ κατὰ κόσμον. ἐγὼ δʼ οὐ νῆις ἀέθλων,","translation":"by speaking improperly. I am no novice at contests,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l179.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐ κατὰ κόσμον","title":"'Not according to order'","body":"κόσμος here means proper order or decorum; οὐ κατὰ κόσμον is 'unfittingly, out of place.' It is the direct opposite of κατὰ μοῖραν in line 141."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὤρινάς","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"propriety","note":"κατὰ κόσμον, formulaic phrase for 'fittingly, properly'"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"νῆις","lemma":"νῆις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"unskilled"},{"surface":"ἀέθλων","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆις","gloss":"in contests"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b8-l180","source":"ὡς σύ γε μυθεῖαι, ἀλλʼ ἐν πρώτοισιν ὀίω","translation":"as you claim, but I think I was among the foremost","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l180.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μυθεῖαι","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μυθεῖαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μυθεῖαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"claim"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πρώτοισιν","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"the foremost"},{"surface":"ὀίω","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b8-l181","source":"ἔμμεναι, ὄφρʼ ἥβῃ τε πεποίθεα χερσί τʼ ἐμῇσι.","translation":"while I could trust in my youth and my hands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l181.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πεποίθεα","title":"Pluperfect of confidence","body":"πεποίθεα is the pluperfect of πείθω in its intransitive sense, 'I had come to trust / I trusted.' The perfect system of this verb means 'rely on, be confident in.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔμμεναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ὀίω","gloss":"to be","note":"epic infinitive ἔμμεναι completing οἴω/ὀίω, 'I think (myself) to be'"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ἥβῃ","lemma":"ἥβη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"youth"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πεποίθεα","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I trusted","note":"pluperfect πεποίθεα used as simple past 'I had confidence/trusted'"},{"surface":"χερσί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῇσι","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies χερσί","gloss":"my"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b8-l182","source":"νῦν δʼ ἔχομαι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι· πολλὰ γὰρ ἔτλην","translation":"But now I am gripped by hardship and griefs; for I have endured much,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἔχομαι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am gripped"},{"surface":"κακότητι","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by hardship"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλγεσι","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔτλην","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔτλην","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I have endured"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b8-l183","source":"ἀνδρῶν τε πτολέμους ἀλεγεινά τε κύματα πείρων.","translation":"passing through wars of men and the painful waves.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πτολέμους","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πτολέμους","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"wars"},{"surface":"ἀλεγεινά","lemma":"ἀλεγεινός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"painful"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"πείρων","lemma":"πείρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔτλην","gloss":"passing through","note":"πείρω 'pierce/traverse', vivid metaphor of cutting through both wars and waves"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b8-l184","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥς, κακὰ πολλὰ παθών, πειρήσομʼ ἀέθλων·","translation":"Yet even so, though I have suffered much, I will try the contests;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειρήσομ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies πολλὰ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of παθών","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"παθών","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πειρήσομ᾽","gloss":"having suffered"},{"surface":"πειρήσομ","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will try"},{"surface":"ἀέθλων","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of πειρήσομ᾽","gloss":"the contests"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b8-l185","source":"θυμοδακὴς γὰρ μῦθος, ἐπώτρυνας δέ με εἰπών.","translation":"for your word bites the heart, and you have provoked me by speaking.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l185.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θυμοδακὴς μῦθος","title":"A heart-biting word","body":"θυμοδακής literally means 'biting the spirit (θυμός).' The vivid compound captures how Euryalos' taunt has stung Odysseus into action."}],"words":[{"surface":"θυμοδακὴς","lemma":"θυμοδακής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"heart-biting","note":"θυμοδακής, vivid compound 'biting the spirit', describing the insult's sting"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μῦθος","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"word/speech"},{"surface":"ἐπώτρυνας","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have provoked"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐπώτρυνας","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἰπών","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπώτρυνας","gloss":"speaking"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b8-l186","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ αὐτῷ φάρει ἀναΐξας λάβε δίσκον","translation":"He spoke, and leaping up, cloak and all, seized a discus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l186.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀναΐξας","title":"Aorist participle of swift action","body":"ἀναΐξας ('having sprung up') is an aorist participle showing the action that precedes and leads into the main verb λάβε ('seized'). It conveys a quick, decisive movement."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἦ, epic third-person 'he said', formulaic speech-closing verb"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φάρει","gloss":"cloak and all","note":"αὐτῷ φάρει, 'with the very cloak on', i.e. without undressing first"},{"surface":"φάρει","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀναΐξας","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξας","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάβε","gloss":"leaping up"},{"surface":"λάβε","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"δίσκον","lemma":"δίσκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάβε","gloss":"a discus"}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b8-l187","source":"μείζονα καὶ πάχετον, στιβαρώτερον οὐκ ὀλίγον περ","translation":"larger and thicker, not a little heavier","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l187.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μείζονα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"larger"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάχετον","lemma":"πάχετος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"thicker"},{"surface":"στιβαρώτερον","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"heavier"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"a little","note":"οὐκ ὀλίγον περ, litotes: 'not a little' = 'considerably'"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b8-l188","source":"ἢ οἵῳ Φαίηκες ἐδίσκεον ἀλλήλοισι.","translation":"than the one the Phaeacians threw among themselves.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"οἵῳ","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐδίσκεον","gloss":"the one which"},{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐδίσκεον","gloss":"the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἐδίσκεον","lemma":"δισκέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"used to throw"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλοισι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐδίσκεον","gloss":"among each other"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b8-l189","source":"τόν ῥα περιστρέψας ἧκε στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρός,","translation":"Whirling it round, he let it fly from his sturdy hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"περιστρέψας","lemma":"περιστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"whirling round"},{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he let fly"},{"surface":"στιβαρῆς","lemma":"στιβαρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χειρός","gloss":"sturdy"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b8-l190","source":"βόμβησεν δὲ λίθος· κατὰ δʼ ἔπτηξαν ποτὶ γαίῃ","translation":"and the stone hummed; down they cowered to the ground,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l190.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βόμβησεν","title":"The humming stone","body":"βόμβησεν is an onomatopoeic verb, 'it boomed/hummed.' Homer makes us hear the discus tear through the air before we see where it lands."}],"words":[{"surface":"βόμβησεν","lemma":"βομβέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hummed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίθος","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βόμβησεν","gloss":"the stone"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κατά used adverbially with ἔπτηξαν, 'crouched down'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπτηξαν","lemma":"πτήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they cowered"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"the ground"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b8-l191","source":"Φαίηκες δολιχήρετμοι, ναυσίκλυτοι ἄνδρες,","translation":"the Phaeacians of the long oars, men famed for their ships,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l191.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δολιχήρετμοι, ναυσίκλυτοι","title":"Stacked epithets","body":"Two formulaic compound epithets pile up: 'long-oared' and 'famed-for-ships.' Such epithet clusters are a hallmark of Homeric style and meter."}],"words":[{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"δολιχήρετμοι","lemma":"δολιχήρετμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαίηκες","gloss":"long-oared","note":"epithet formula for the seafaring Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ναυσίκλυτοι","lemma":"ναυσικλυτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"famed for ships"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b8-l192","source":"λᾶος ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς· ὁ δʼ ὑπέρπτατο σήματα πάντων","translation":"beneath the stone's rush; but it flew past all the marks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λᾶος","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥιπῆς","gloss":"of the stone"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under/from"},{"surface":"ῥιπῆς","lemma":"ῥιπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑπὸ","gloss":"the rush","note":"ῥιπή 'swift rush/force', describing the discus's whoosh"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπέρπτατο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὑπέρπτατο","lemma":"ὑπερπέτομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flew over"},{"surface":"σήματα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπέρπτατο","gloss":"the marks"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies σήματα","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b8-l193","source":"ῥίμφα θέων ἀπὸ χειρός. ἔθηκε δὲ τέρματʼ Ἀθήνη","translation":"speeding swiftly from his hand. And Athena set the mark","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥίμφα","lemma":"ῥίμφα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέων","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"θέων","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑπέρπτατο","gloss":"speeding"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χειρός","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔθηκε","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέρματ","lemma":"τέρμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθηκε","gloss":"the mark"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"Athena","note":"divine intervention marks the throw, framing it as fated/superhuman"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b8-l194","source":"ἀνδρὶ δέμας ἐικυῖα, ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·","translation":"in the likeness of a man, and she spoke and addressed him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l194.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀνδρὶ δέμας ἐικυῖα","title":"Participle of disguise","body":"ἐικυῖα ('resembling,' perfect participle of ἔοικα) with the dative ἀνδρί describes Athena's disguise: 'like a man in form.' Such divine disguises recur throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρὶ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐικυῖα","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"δέμας","lemma":"δέμας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐικυῖα","gloss":"in form"},{"surface":"ἐικυῖα","lemma":"εἰκός","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκε","gloss":"resembling","note":"Athena disguised as a man, a common divine-disguise motif"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"a word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζεν","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed him","note":"ἔπος τ᾽ ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνόμαζεν, common Homeric speech-introduction formula"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b8-l195","source":"καί κʼ ἀλαός τοι, ξεῖνε, διακρίνειε τὸ σῆμα","translation":"\"Even a blind man, stranger, could pick out your mark","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἀλαός","lemma":"ἀλαός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of διακρίνειε","gloss":"a blind man"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"διακρίνειε","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could distinguish"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter article","role":"modifies σῆμα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σῆμα","lemma":"σῆμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διακρίνειε","gloss":"mark"}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b8-l196","source":"ἀμφαφόων, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι μεμιγμένον ἐστὶν ὁμίλῳ,","translation":"by groping, since it is not at all mixed in with the crowd,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφαφόων","lemma":"ἀμφαφάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to διακρίνειε","gloss":"groping","note":"ἀμφαφάω 'feel all around', vivid image of a blind man feeling for the mark"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεμιγμένον","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μεμιγμένον","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","role":"adverbial to ἀλλὰ","gloss":"mixed in"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"auxiliary verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μεμιγμένον","gloss":"with the crowd"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b8-l197","source":"ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρῶτον. σὺ δὲ θάρσει τόνδε γʼ ἄεθλον·","translation":"but far the first. Take heart about this contest:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to πρῶτον","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of θάρσει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάρσει","lemma":"θαρσέω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heart"},{"surface":"τόνδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄεθλον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἄεθλον","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θάρσει","gloss":"contest"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b8-l198","source":"οὔ τις Φαιήκων τόδε γʼ ἵξεται, οὐδʼ ὑπερήσει.","translation":"none of the Phaeacians will reach this throw, let alone pass it.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"anyone","note":"τις here = 'any' Phaeacian, indefinite subject of a negated verb"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"this throw"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"ἵξεται","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will reach"},{"surface":"ὑπερήσει","lemma":"ὑπερίημι","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will surpass","note":"ὑπερίημι lit. 'throw beyond' — vivid compound for 'outdo' in a throwing contest"}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b8-l199","source":"ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δὲ πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"So she spoke, and much-enduring noble Odysseus rejoiced,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l199.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Epithet 'much-enduring'","body":"πολύτλας ('having endured much') is one of Odysseus' standard epithets, recalling all the suffering he has borne. The whole verse-end phrase is a fixed metrical formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"φημί's epic middle aorist φάτο, formulaic line-opener 'so she/he spoke'"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολύτλας","lemma":"πολύτλας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"much-enduring","note":"stock Odysseus epithet πολύτλας, always paired with δῖος in this formula"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of γήθησεν","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b8-l200","source":"χαὶρων, οὕνεχʼ ἑταῖρον ἐνηέα λεῦσσʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι.","translation":"glad that he saw a kindly comrade in the contest.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαὶρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γήθησεν","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"οὕνεχ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρον","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λεῦσσ᾽","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"ἐνηέα","lemma":"ἐνηής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖρον","gloss":"kindly"},{"surface":"λεῦσσ","lemma":"λεύσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεχ᾽","gloss":"he saw","note":"λεύσσω imperfect: 'kept looking at/saw' — a friendly face amid rivals"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"the contest"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b8-l201","source":"καὶ τότε κουφότερον μετεφώνεε Φαιήκεσσιν·","translation":"And then he spoke more lightly among the Phaeacians:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετεφώνεε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κουφότερον","lemma":"κοῦφος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετεφώνεε","gloss":"more lightly","note":"comparative adverb from κοῦφος 'light' — his heart is now lighter after the insult was answered"},{"surface":"μετεφώνεε","lemma":"μεταφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke out"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσιν","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετεφώνεε","gloss":"to the Phaeacians"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b8-l202","source":"τοῦτον νῦν ἀφίκεσθε, νέοι. τάχα δʼ ὕστερον\n                     ἄλλον","translation":"\"Reach that now, young men. Soon, I think, I shall throw another","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτον","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀφίκεσθε","gloss":"this (throw)"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφίκεσθε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἀφίκεσθε","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reach!","note":"aorist middle imperative-sense here (translated as 'reach'), addressed to the young throwers"},{"surface":"νέοι","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"τάχα","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥσειν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἥσειν","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b8-l203","source":"ἥσειν ἢ τοσσοῦτον ὀίομαι ἢ ἔτι μᾶσσον.","translation":"as far, or even farther still.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥσειν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὀίομαι","gloss":"to throw","note":"future infinitive ἥσειν from ἵημι 'send/throw', object of οἴομαι — 'I think I will throw'"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"τοσσοῦτον","lemma":"τοσοῦτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"ὀίομαι","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I think"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μᾶσσον","lemma":"μάσσων","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"farther"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b8-l204","source":"τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ὅτινα κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει,","translation":"Of the rest, whomever his heart and spirit urge,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l204.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὅτινα κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει","title":"Indefinite relative","body":"ὅτινα ('whomever') is the indefinite relative pronoun introducing a general challenge: anyone whose heart prompts him. It sets up the imperative πειρηθήτω in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὅτινα","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ὅτινα","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κελεύει","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"κραδίη","lemma":"καρδία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"spirit","note":"κραδίη and θυμός paired as near-synonyms for inner feeling, a common Homeric doubling"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κελεύει","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of πειρηθήτω","gloss":"urges"}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b8-l205","source":"δεῦρʼ ἄγε πειρηθήτω, ἐπεί μʼ ἐχολώσατε λίην,","translation":"come here and let him try, since you have angered me too much—","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἄγε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"πειρηθήτω","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him try","note":"aorist passive imperative used with active/reflexive sense 'let him make trial' — deponent-like usage of πειράω"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐχολώσατε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐχολώσατε","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"you angered"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐχολώσατε","gloss":"too much"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b8-l206","source":"ἢ πὺξ ἠὲ πάλῃ ἢ καὶ ποσίν, οὔ τι μεγαίρω,","translation":"at boxing, or wrestling, or even running; I begrudge it not at all—","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"πὺξ","lemma":"πύξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"boxing"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πάλῃ","lemma":"πάλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"wrestling"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ποσίν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"in running","note":"dative plural of πούς 'feet' used adverbially for footrace, third of the three contests listed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to μεγαίρω","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"μεγαίρω","lemma":"μεγαίρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I begrudge"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b8-l207","source":"πάντων Φαιήκων, πλήν γʼ αὐτοῦ Λαοδάμαντος.","translation":"any of all the Phaeacians, except Laodamas himself.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαιήκων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὅτινα","gloss":"the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"πλήν","lemma":"πλήν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"except"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"Λαοδάμαντος","lemma":"λαοδάμας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πλήν","gloss":"Laodamas"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b8-l208","source":"ξεῖνος γάρ μοι ὅδʼ ἐστί· τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο;","translation":"For he is my host. Who would fight a man who befriends him?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest-friend","note":"ξένος names the guest-host bond that makes fighting Laodamas taboo"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μάχοιτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"φιλέοντι","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"object of μάχοιτο","gloss":"one who befriends"},{"surface":"μάχοιτο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fight"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b8-l209","source":"ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς πέλει ἀνήρ,","translation":"Foolish indeed and worthless is that man","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄφρων","lemma":"ἄφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κεῖνός","lemma":"κεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνήρ","gloss":"that man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐτιδανὸς","lemma":"οὐτιδανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worthless"},{"surface":"πέλει","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is","note":"πέλω, an epic-poetic equivalent of εἰμί 'to be', common in formulaic verse"},{"surface":"ἀνήρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέλει","gloss":"a man"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b8-l210","source":"ὅς τις ξεινοδόκῳ ἔριδα προφέρηται ἀέθλων","translation":"who offers a quarrel of contests to his host","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προφέρηται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(indefinite)"},{"surface":"ξεινοδόκῳ","lemma":"ξεινοδόκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προφέρηται","gloss":"to his host","note":"ξεινοδόκος 'host' names the reciprocal guest-friendship (cf. ξένος above) being violated"},{"surface":"ἔριδα","lemma":"ἔρις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προφέρηται","gloss":"a quarrel"},{"surface":"προφέρηται","lemma":"προφέρω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνήρ","gloss":"offers"},{"surface":"ἀέθλων","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔριδα","gloss":"of contests"}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b8-l211","source":"δήμῳ ἐν ἀλλοδαπῷ· ἕο δʼ αὐτοῦ πάντα κολούει.","translation":"in a foreign land: he only cuts down all his own standing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"in a land"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαπῷ","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πάντα","gloss":"his own","note":"ἕο, genitive of the third-person reflexive pronoun ἕ — 'his own (standing)'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἕο","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of κολούει","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κολούει","lemma":"κολούω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cuts down"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b8-l212","source":"τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ πέρ τινʼ ἀναίνομαι οὐδʼ ἀθερίζω,","translation":"But of the others I refuse none and slight none,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τιν᾽","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἀναίνομαι","lemma":"ἀναίνομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I refuse"},{"surface":"ἀθερίζω","lemma":"ἀθερίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I slight"}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b8-l213","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐθέλω ἴδμεν καὶ πειρηθήμεναι ἄντην.","translation":"rather I am willing to know them and test them face to face.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l213.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἴδμεν καὶ πειρηθήμεναι","title":"Homeric infinitives","body":"ἴδμεν ('to know') and πειρηθήμεναι ('to make trial') are Homeric infinitive forms. The infinitives complete ἐθέλω, 'I am willing to...'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐθέλω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I wish"},{"surface":"ἴδμεν","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to know","note":"ἴδμεν, perfect infinitive of οἶδα with present sense 'to know' — root shared with εἶδον 'saw'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πειρηθήμεναι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to test"},{"surface":"ἄντην","lemma":"ἄντην","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πειρηθήμεναι","gloss":"face to face"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b8-l214","source":"πάντα γὰρ οὐ κακός εἰμι, μετʼ ἀνδράσιν ὅσσοι ἄεθλοι·","translation":"For I am not bad at all in the contests men engage in.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"in every way"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κακός","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσιν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄεθλοι","gloss":"however many"},{"surface":"ἄεθλοι","lemma":"ἆθλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"contests","note":"ἄεθλοι, Homeric variant of ἆθλος 'contest' — Odysseus boasts of all-round athletic skill"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b8-l215","source":"εὖ μὲν τόξον οἶδα ἐύξοον ἀμφαφάασθαι·","translation":"I know well how to handle the polished bow:","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἶδα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόξον","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφαφάασθαι","gloss":"the bow"},{"surface":"οἶδα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I know"},{"surface":"ἐύξοον","lemma":"εὔξοος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξον","gloss":"polished"},{"surface":"ἀμφαφάασθαι","lemma":"ἀμφαφάω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of οἶδα","gloss":"to handle","note":"ἀμφαφάω 'feel/handle all over' — a rare verb evoking a skilled archer's tactile familiarity with his bow"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b8-l216","source":"πρῶτός κʼ ἄνδρα βάλοιμι ὀιστεύσας ἐν ὁμίλῳ","translation":"I would be the first to strike a man, shooting into the throng","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτός","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of βάλοιμι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"βάλοιμι","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would strike"},{"surface":"ὀιστεύσας","lemma":"ὀιστεύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλοιμι","gloss":"shooting","note":"aorist participle of ὀιστεύω 'shoot an arrow', from ὀιστός 'arrow'"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ὁμίλῳ","lemma":"ὅμιλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the throng"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b8-l217","source":"ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων, εἰ καὶ μάλα πολλοὶ ἑταῖροι","translation":"of enemy men, even if very many comrades","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ὁμίλῳ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"δυσμενέων","lemma":"δυσμενής","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"hostile"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"even if"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πολλοὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b8-l218","source":"ἄγχι παρασταῖεν καὶ τοξαζοίατο φωτῶν.","translation":"stood close beside me and shot at the foe.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l218.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παρασταῖεν καὶ τοξαζοίατο","title":"Optatives in a future less vivid condition","body":"παρασταῖεν and τοξαζοίατο are conditional/potential optatives in a future less vivid condition (εἰ + optative): even if very many comrades were to stand beside him and shoot, Odysseus imagines he would prevail. This is not a past iterative construction — the past iterative uses the -σκ- suffix, as in ἐρίζεσκον (b8-l225)."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρασταῖεν","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"παρασταῖεν","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"stood","note":"aorist optative in a concessive εἰ clause — a hypothetical 'even if they stood beside me,' not a past-repeated/iterative action (contrast the genuine iterative -σκ- form ἐρίζεσκον in l225)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοξαζοίατο","lemma":"τοξάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"shot"},{"surface":"φωτῶν","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of τοξαζοίατο","gloss":"of the men"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b8-l219","source":"οἶος δή με Φιλοκτήτης ἀπεκαίνυτο τόξῳ","translation":"Philoctetes alone surpassed me with the bow","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπεκαίνυτο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Φιλοκτήτης","lemma":"Φιλοκτήτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπεκαίνυτο","gloss":"Philoctetes","note":"the legendary archer entrusted with Herakles' bow — a name-drop that raises the stakes of Odysseus's boast"},{"surface":"ἀπεκαίνυτο","lemma":"ἀποκαίνυμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surpassed"},{"surface":"τόξῳ","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπεκαίνυτο","gloss":"with the bow"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b8-l220","source":"δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων, ὅτε τοξαζοίμεθʼ Ἀχαιοί.","translation":"in the land of the Trojans, when we Achaeans shot.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμῳ","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies δήμῳ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τοξαζοίμεθ","lemma":"τοξάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"we were shooting","note":"1st plural optative in a past general/iterative sense, 'whenever we used to shoot'"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of τοξαζοίμεθ᾽","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b8-l221","source":"τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ἐμέ φημι πολὺ προφερέστερον εἶναι,","translation":"But over all other men I declare myself far the better,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l221.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"προφερέστερον","title":"Comparative adjective","body":"The comparative 'far the better' is in the accusative as predicate of the infinitive 'to be' (εἶναι) in indirect statement after 'I declare.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλων","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies προφερέστερον","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"ἐμέ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I declare"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"προφερέστερον","lemma":"προφερής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"superior","note":"comparative προφερέστερον 'more preeminent' — Odysseus ranks himself above all living men, just below the heroic dead"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b8-l222","source":"ὅσσοι νῦν βροτοί εἰσιν ἐπὶ χθονὶ σῖτον ἔδοντες.","translation":"of all the mortals now on earth who eat bread.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of εἰσιν","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσιν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"βροτοί","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"mortals"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄλλων","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the earth"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδοντες","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies βροτοί","gloss":"eating","note":"'bread-eating mortals' is a formulaic Homeric phrase for living humans, as opposed to gods"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b8-l223","source":"ἀνδράσι δὲ προτέροισιν ἐριζέμεν οὐκ ἐθελήσω,","translation":"But with men of former times I will not be willing to contend,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"with men"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"προτέροισιν","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"former","note":"προτέροισιν 'earlier' sets up the heroic-age exception that follows — Odysseus won't rival the legendary dead"},{"surface":"ἐριζέμεν","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθελήσω","gloss":"to contend"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθελήσω","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will be willing"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b8-l224","source":"οὔθʼ Ἡρακλῆι οὔτʼ Εὐρύτῳ Οιχαλιῆι,","translation":"neither with Herakles nor with Eurytus of Oechalia,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔθ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"Ἡρακλῆι","lemma":"Ἡρακλέης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"Herakles","note":"invoking Herakles and Eurytus, mythic super-archers, shows how high Odysseus sets the bar he won't challenge"},{"surface":"Εὐρύτῳ","lemma":"Εὔρυτος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"nor Eurytus"},{"surface":"Οιχαλιῆι","lemma":"Οἰχαλία","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὐρύτῳ","gloss":"of Oechalia"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b8-l225","source":"οἵ ῥα καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον περὶ τόξων.","translation":"who would contend even with the immortals over archery.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l225.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐρίζεσκον","title":"Iterative imperfect","body":"The -σκ- suffix on this imperfect marks repeated, habitual action: 'they used to contend, again and again.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρίζεσκον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐρίζεσκον","gloss":"the immortals"},{"surface":"ἐρίζεσκον","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"used to contend","note":"iterative imperfect ἐρίζεσκον (-σκ- suffix) marks Eurytus's hubris of repeatedly rivaling gods — the fate that later destroyed him"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"τόξων","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"archery"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b8-l226","source":"τῷ ῥα καὶ αἶψʼ ἔθανεν μέγας Εὔρυτος, οὐδʼ ἐπὶ γῆρας","translation":"And so great Eurytus died suddenly, nor did he reach old age","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθανεν","gloss":"thus/so"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔθανεν","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"ἔθανεν","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"died","note":"θνήσκω aorist ἔθανεν: simple 'died', root of English 'thanatos'"},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Εὔρυτος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Εὔρυτος","lemma":"Εὔρυτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθανεν","gloss":"Eurytus","note":"legendary archer-king of Oechalia, said to have taught Heracles archery; challenged Apollo to a contest and was killed by the god for his presumption"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"to/toward"},{"surface":"γῆρας","lemma":"γῆρας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκετ᾽","gloss":"old age"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b8-l227","source":"ἵκετʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι· χολωσάμενος γὰρ Ἀπόλλων","translation":"in his halls; for Apollo in anger","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵκετ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached","note":"ἱκνέομαι aorist middle, governs dative μεγάροισι 'in his halls' via ἐνί"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"halls"},{"surface":"χολωσάμενος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκτανεν","gloss":"angered"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκτανεν","gloss":"Apollo","note":"god provoked by mortal challenge; epic pattern of divine retribution for hubris"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b8-l228","source":"ἔκτανεν, οὕνεκά μιν προκαλίζετο τοξάζεσθαι.","translation":"killed him, because he had challenged him to a contest with the bow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l228.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκτανεν","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"killed him","note":"κτείνω aorist, distinct from θνήσκω above: this verb is transitive 'kill' vs intransitive 'die'"},{"surface":"οὕνεκά","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προκαλίζετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προκαλίζετο","lemma":"προκαλίζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκά","gloss":"challenged"},{"surface":"τοξάζεσθαι","lemma":"τοξάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of προκαλίζετο","gloss":"to shoot bow","note":"τοξάζομαι, 'contend with the bow' — Eurytus's fatal hubris was challenging Apollo to an archery match"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b8-l229","source":"δουρὶ δʼ ἀκοντίζω ὅσον οὐκ ἄλλος τις ὀιστῷ.","translation":"With the spear I cast as far as no other man can with an arrow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρὶ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀκοντίζω","gloss":"with spear"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀκοντίζω","lemma":"ἀκοντίζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I cast","note":"1st person present ἀκοντίζω — speaker (Odysseus) boasting of his own skill, a shift to first person"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἄλλος","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ὀιστῷ","lemma":"ὀιστός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"with arrow"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b8-l230","source":"οἴοισιν δείδοικα ποσὶν μή τίς με παρέλθῃ","translation":"Only in running do I fear some Phaeacian might pass me,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l230.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μή τίς με παρέλθῃ","title":"Fear clause","body":"A clause of fearing introduced by μή with the subjunctive: 'lest someone pass me.' In English this becomes 'I fear that someone might pass me.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"οἴοισιν","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in running alone","note":"οἶος dative here means 'only in [this]' — Odysseus concedes the one event he might lose"},{"surface":"δείδοικα","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I fear","note":"perfect δείδοικα with present sense, common Homeric perfect-as-present"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρέλθῃ","gloss":"with feet"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of παρέλθῃ","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρέλθῃ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"παρέλθῃ","lemma":"παρέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of μή","gloss":"might pass"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b8-l231","source":"Φαιήκων· λίην γὰρ ἀεικελίως ἐδαμάσθην","translation":"for I was beaten down shamefully and hard","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of Phaeacians"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀεικελίως","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀεικελίως","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδαμάσθην","gloss":"shamefully"},{"surface":"ἐδαμάσθην","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was overcome","note":"δαμάζω passive 'was subdued' — Odysseus admits the sea, not men, beat him down"}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b8-l232","source":"κύμασιν ἐν πολλοῖς, ἐπεὶ οὐ κομιδὴ κατὰ νῆα","translation":"amid many waves, since there was no steady provision","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κύμασιν","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"amid"},{"surface":"πολλοῖς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύμασιν","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κομιδὴ","lemma":"κομιδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"provisioning"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"aboard"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b8-l233","source":"ἦεν ἐπηετανός· τῷ μοι φίλα γυῖα λέλυνται.","translation":"aboard the ship; and so my dear limbs are loosened.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l233.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φίλα γυῖα λέλυνται","title":"Limbs loosened","body":"'Loosening of the limbs' is a Homeric idiom for losing strength, whether through exhaustion, fear, or death. Here it is sheer exhaustion from the sea."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"ἐπηετανός","lemma":"ἐπηετανός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κομιδὴ","gloss":"steady/lasting"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λέλυνται","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γυῖα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"γυῖα","lemma":"γυῖον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of λέλυνται","gloss":"limbs"},{"surface":"λέλυνται","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are loosened","note":"perfect passive λέλυνται: limbs 'unstrung' by hardship — vivid physical image of exhaustion"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b8-l234","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ.","translation":"So he spoke, and they all fell silent, hushed and still.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"formulaic ὣς ἔφατ(ο) closes Odysseus's speech, standard Homeric speech-frame"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐγένοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἱ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀκὴν","lemma":"ἀκήν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"silently","note":"ἀκήν, adverbial accusative — reinforces σιωπῇ for emphatic hushed silence, typical epic doubling"},{"surface":"ἐγένοντο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"σιωπῇ","lemma":"σιωπή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐγένοντο","gloss":"in silence"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b8-l235","source":"Ἀλκίνοος δέ μιν οἶος ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν·","translation":"Alkinoos alone answered him and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Alcinous","note":"king of the Phaeacians, host of Odysseus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπεν","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b8-l236","source":"ξεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἀχάριστα μεθʼ ἡμῖν ταῦτʼ\n                     ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"\"Stranger, since what you say among us is not ungracious,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger","note":"vocative ξεῖνε — formal address opening Alcinous's speech to Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀχάριστα","lemma":"ἀχάριστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ungracious"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεθ᾽","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἀγορεύεις","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"you say"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b8-l237","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐθέλεις ἀρετὴν σὴν φαινέμεν, ἥ τοι ὀπηδεῖ,","translation":"but you wish to show the excellence that goes with you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l237.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀρετήν","title":"Aretê","body":"Aretê is excellence or prowess of any kind — here athletic skill, but the word covers martial valor and moral worth as well."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"you wish"},{"surface":"ἀρετὴν","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φαινέμεν","gloss":"excellence","note":"ἀρετή here means innate prowess/skill, not moral virtue — key epic sense"},{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετὴν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"φαινέμεν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"to show"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀπηδεῖ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὀπηδεῖ","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ὀπηδεῖ","lemma":"ὀπαδέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀρετὴν","gloss":"attends"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b8-l238","source":"χωόμενος ὅτι σʼ οὗτος ἀνὴρ ἐν ἀγῶνι παραστὰς","translation":"angry because this man, standing beside you in the contest,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωόμενος","lemma":"χώομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεις","gloss":"angered","note":"χώομαι participle explains Odysseus's outburst — motive clause for the speech just given"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of νείκεσεν","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὗτος","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of νείκεσεν","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνι","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"contest"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νείκεσεν","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b8-l239","source":"νείκεσεν, ὡς ἂν σὴν ἀρετὴν βροτὸς οὔ τις ὄνοιτο,","translation":"insulted you — no mortal would belittle your excellence","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νείκεσεν","lemma":"νεικέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"insulted","note":"νεικέω 'rebuked' — refers to Euryalus's earlier taunt that provoked Odysseus"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὄνοιτο","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"σὴν","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετὴν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἀρετὴν","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὄνοιτο","gloss":"excellence"},{"surface":"βροτὸς","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὄνοιτο","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βροτὸς","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ὄνοιτο","lemma":"ὄνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to νείκεσεν","gloss":"would belittle","note":"optative ὄνοιτο in a ὡς ἄν purpose clause modifying νείκεσεν: 'so that no mortal would belittle your excellence' — not an independent potential optative"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b8-l240","source":"ὅς τις ἐπίσταιτο ᾗσι φρεσὶν ἄρτια βάζειν·","translation":"who knew in his own mind how to speak fittingly —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπίσταιτο","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"[indefinite]"},{"surface":"ἐπίσταιτο","lemma":"ἐπίσταμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing βροτὸς","gloss":"knew","note":"ἐπίσταμαι optative — continues potential clause, 'who [ever] knew how'"},{"surface":"ᾗσι","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπίσταιτο","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"ἄρτια","lemma":"ἄρτιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βάζειν","gloss":"fittingly"},{"surface":"βάζειν","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐπίσταιτο","gloss":"to speak"}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b8-l241","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἐμέθεν ξυνίει ἔπος, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλῳ","translation":"but come now, mark my word, so that to another too","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l241.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ξυνίει","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ξυνίει","lemma":"συνίημι","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mark","note":"συνίημι imperative 'understand/heed' — Alcinous shifts to direct command"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ξυνίει","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλῳ","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of εἴπῃς","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b8-l242","source":"εἴπῃς ἡρώων, ὅτε κεν σοῖς ἐν μεγάροισι","translation":"you may tell it, among the heroes, when in your own halls","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴπῃς","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"you may tell"},{"surface":"ἡρώων","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλλῳ","gloss":"of heroes"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"σοῖς","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μεγάροισι","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισι","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b8-l243","source":"δαινύῃ παρὰ σῇ τʼ ἀλόχῳ καὶ σοῖσι τέκεσσιν,","translation":"you feast beside your wife and your children,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαινύῃ","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"you feast","note":"δαίνυμι subjunctive continues the future scene Alcinous imagines Odysseus retelling"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"σῇ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλόχῳ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλόχῳ","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σοῖσι","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέκεσσιν","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"τέκεσσιν","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"children"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b8-l244","source":"ἡμετέρης ἀρετῆς μεμνημένος, οἷα καὶ ἡμῖν","translation":"remembering our excellence — what deeds even to us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέρης","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀρετῆς","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἀρετῆς","lemma":"ἀρετή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"excellence"},{"surface":"μεμνημένος","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δαινύῃ","gloss":"remembering","note":"perfect participle μεμνημένος, 'having called to mind' — Odysseus as future storyteller"},{"surface":"οἷα","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"what deeds"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίθησι","gloss":"to us"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b8-l245","source":"Ζεὺς ἐπὶ ἔργα τίθησι διαμπερὲς ἐξ ἔτι πατρῶν.","translation":"Zeus has set as our work, continually, ever since our fathers' day.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l245.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐξ ἔτι πατρῶν","title":"Genitive of source","body":"The genitive πατρῶν ('from the fathers') marks origin in time: the Phaeacians' gifts run 'from the time of the fathers' onward."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τίθησι","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τίθησι","gloss":"tasks/deeds"},{"surface":"τίθησι","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"sets","note":"τίθημι 'appoints' — Zeus assigns the Phaeacians their skills as fated inheritance"},{"surface":"διαμπερὲς","lemma":"διαμπερές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίθησι","gloss":"continually"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίθησι","gloss":"ever since"},{"surface":"πατρῶν","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"our fathers","note":"πατρῶν genitive — Phaeacian identity as seafarers/dancers is ancestral, Zeus-given"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b8-l246","source":"οὐ γὰρ πυγμάχοι εἰμὲν ἀμύμονες οὐδὲ παλαισταί,","translation":"For we are not flawless boxers, nor wrestlers,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πυγμάχοι","lemma":"πυγμάχος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"boxers"},{"surface":"εἰμὲν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονες","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πυγμάχοι","gloss":"flawless"},{"surface":"παλαισταί","lemma":"παλαιστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wrestlers"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b8-l247","source":"ἀλλὰ ποσὶ κραιπνῶς θέομεν καὶ νηυσὶν ἄριστοι,","translation":"but we run swiftly on foot and are the best with ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ποσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θέομεν","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"κραιπνῶς","lemma":"κραιπνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θέομεν","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"θέομεν","lemma":"θέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we run"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄριστοι","gloss":"with ships"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best","note":"ἄριστοι — Phaeacian self-definition as sailors, not warriors, sets up the coming dance/song scene"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b8-l248","source":"αἰεὶ δʼ ἡμῖν δαίς τε φίλη κίθαρις τε χοροί τε","translation":"and always dear to us are the feast, the lyre, and the dances,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"δαίς","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"feast"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κίθαρις","lemma":"κίθαρις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lyre"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χοροί","lemma":"χορός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"dances","note":"τε...τε...τε: triple correlative listing beloved Phaeacian pastimes, a rhetorical catalog"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b8-l249","source":"εἵματά τʼ ἐξημοιβὰ λοετρά τε θερμὰ καὶ εὐναί.","translation":"changes of clothing, warm baths, and beds.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵματά","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξημοιβὰ","lemma":"ἐξημοιβός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματά","gloss":"changes of"},{"surface":"λοετρά","lemma":"λουτρόν","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"baths"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θερμὰ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λοετρά","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐναί","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"beds","note":"catalog of luxury/comfort completes the Phaeacians' self-portrait as a soft, pleasure-loving people"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b8-l250","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε, Φαιήκων βητάρμονες ὅσσοι ἄριστοι,","translation":"But come now, you dancers of the Phaeacians, all the best of you,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l250.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βητάρμονες","title":"Dancers","body":"A rare word for dancers, literally 'those who fit step to step.' It points to the Phaeacians' prized skill in rhythmic movement."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies βητάρμονες","gloss":"of Phaeacians"},{"surface":"βητάρμονες","lemma":"βητάρμων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"dancers","note":"βητάρμονες, vocative — rare word for professional/skilled dancers, addressed directly"},{"surface":"ὅσσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b8-l251","source":"παίσατε, ὥς χʼ ὁ ξεῖνος ἐνίσπῃ οἷσι φίλοισιν","translation":"make sport, so that the stranger may tell his friends,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παίσατε","lemma":"παίζω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dance/play","note":"παίζω imperative — command to begin the dance display for the guest"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"χ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[modal particle]"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπῃ","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"may tell"},{"surface":"φίλοισιν","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"friends"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b8-l252","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσας, ὅσσον περιγιγνόμεθʼ ἄλλων","translation":"when he returns home, how far we surpass others","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l252.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of νοστήσας","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"νοστήσας","lemma":"νοστέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"having returned"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περιγιγνόμεθ᾽","gloss":"how much"},{"surface":"περιγιγνόμεθ","lemma":"περιγίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"object of ἐνίσπῃ","gloss":"we surpass","note":"περιγίγνομαι 'excel beyond' — Alcinous's pride frames the coming dance as a display of superiority"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of περιγιγνόμεθ᾽","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b8-l253","source":"ναυτιλίῃ καὶ ποσσὶ καὶ ὀρχηστυῖ καὶ ἀοιδῇ.","translation":"in seamanship, in running, in dancing, and in song.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναυτιλίῃ","lemma":"ναυτιλία","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in seamanship"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποσσὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in running"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρχηστυῖ","lemma":"ὀρχηστύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in dancing"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδῇ","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in song","note":"closing quadruple list echoes the earlier ναῦσιν/ποσί pairing, summarizing Phaeacian pride"}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b8-l254","source":"Δημοδόκῳ δέ τις αἶψα κιὼν φόρμιγγα λίγειαν","translation":"And let someone go quickly and bring for Demodokos the clear-toned lyre","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δημοδόκῳ","lemma":"Δημόδοκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of οἰσέτω","gloss":"for Demodokos"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of οἰσέτω","gloss":"someone","note":"τις = indefinite subject of an unspecified command, 'let someone'"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to οἰσέτω","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"κιὼν","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἰσέτω","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγα","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οἰσέτω","gloss":"the lyre"},{"surface":"λίγειαν","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φόρμιγγα","gloss":"clear-toned","note":"λιγύς 'clear/shrill-sounding', a standing epithet for the lyre's voice"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b8-l255","source":"οἰσέτω, ἥ που κεῖται ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισιν.","translation":"that lies somewhere in our halls.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l255.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰσέτω","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him bring","note":"οἰσέτω, imperative form of φέρω 'bring', used as a command: 'let him bring'"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λίγειαν","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἡμετέροισι","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόμοισιν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"δόμοισιν","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b8-l256","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀλκίνοος θεοείκελος, ὦρτο δὲ κῆρυξ","translation":"So spoke Alkinoos, godlike, and the herald rose","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔφατ᾽ = imperfect middle of φημί, the standard Homeric 'so he spoke' formula"},{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"Alkinoos"},{"surface":"θεοείκελος","lemma":"θεοείκελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλκίνοος","gloss":"godlike","note":"θεοείκελος, a formulaic epithet 'like the gods' attached to noble kings"},{"surface":"ὦρτο","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτο","gloss":"the herald"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b8-l257","source":"οἴσων φόρμιγγα γλαφυρὴν δόμου ἐκ βασιλῆος.","translation":"to bring the hollow lyre from the king's house.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴσων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦρτο","gloss":"to fetch","note":"οἴσων, future participle of φέρω expressing purpose: 'rose (in order) to bring'"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγα","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of οἴσων","gloss":"the lyre"},{"surface":"γλαφυρὴν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φόρμιγγα","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"δόμου","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the house"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"βασιλῆος","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμου","gloss":"of the king"}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b8-l258","source":"αἰσυμνῆται δὲ κριτοὶ ἐννέα πάντες ἀνέσταν","translation":"And the nine chosen umpires all stood up,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l258.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἰσυμνῆται","title":"Umpires","body":"The aisymnêtai are appointed officials, here stewards or umpires who organize and judge the games."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἰσυμνῆται","lemma":"αἰσυμνήτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"the umpires","note":"αἰσυμνῆται, official judges/marshals of the games, a rare Odyssey word"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κριτοὶ","lemma":"κριτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰσυμνῆται","gloss":"chosen"},{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies αἰσυμνῆται","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies αἰσυμνῆται","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀνέσταν","lemma":"ἀνίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood up"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b8-l259","source":"δήμιοι, οἳ κατʼ ἀγῶνας ἐὺ πρήσσεσκον ἕκαστα,","translation":"public men, who managed each thing well in the contests,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δήμιοι","lemma":"δήμιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"public officials","note":"δήμιοι 'of the people/public', describing their civic role at contests"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πρήσσεσκον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνας","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"the contests"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρήσσεσκον","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"πρήσσεσκον","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"managed","note":"πρήσσεσκον, iterative imperfect in -σκον marking habitual past action, 'used to manage'"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of πρήσσεσκον","gloss":"each thing"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b8-l260","source":"λείηναν δὲ χορόν, καλὸν δʼ εὔρυναν ἀγῶνα.","translation":"and they smoothed the dancing-floor and widened a fine ring.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λείηναν","lemma":"λεαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"smoothed"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χορόν","lemma":"χορός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λείηναν","gloss":"the dance floor"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγῶνα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὔρυναν","lemma":"εὐρύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"widened"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔρυναν","gloss":"the ring"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b8-l261","source":"κῆρυξ δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε φέρων φόρμιγγα λίγειαν","translation":"The herald came near, carrying the clear-toned lyre","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"the herald"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθε","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"φόρμιγγα","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"the lyre"},{"surface":"λίγειαν","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φόρμιγγα","gloss":"clear-toned","note":"formulaic repetition of φόρμιγγα λίγειαν from line 254, an oral-poetic building block"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b8-l262","source":"Δημοδόκῳ· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα κίʼ ἐς μέσον· ἀμφὶ δὲ κοῦροι","translation":"for Demodokos; and he then went into the middle, and around him the young men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δημοδόκῳ","lemma":"Δημόδοκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"for Demodokos"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κί᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κί᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κί","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"κί᾽, elided imperfect of κίω (epic verb 'go'), shortened before a vowel"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μέσον","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the middle"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κοῦρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"the young men"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b8-l263","source":"πρωθῆβαι ἵσταντο, δαήμονες ὀρχηθμοῖο,","translation":"in the first bloom of youth, stood — skilled in the dance —","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l263.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πρωθῆβαι","title":"In youth's first bloom","body":"The word marks young men at the very start of manhood, at the peak of their physical grace and energy."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρωθῆβαι","lemma":"πρωθήβης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"in first bloom of youth","note":"πρωθήβης, compound epithet 'first-youth', vivid Homeric coinage"},{"surface":"ἵσταντο","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δαήμονες","lemma":"δαήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"ὀρχηθμοῖο","lemma":"ὀρχηθμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δαήμονες","gloss":"in dancing"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b8-l264","source":"πέπληγον δὲ χορὸν θεῖον ποσίν. αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"and they struck the wondrous dancing-floor with their feet. And Odysseus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l264.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πέπληγον","lemma":"πλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck","note":"πέπληγον, reduplicated aorist of πλήσσω 'strike', a vivid Homeric form for a single blow"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χορὸν","lemma":"χορός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέπληγον","gloss":"the dance floor"},{"surface":"θεῖον","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χορὸν","gloss":"wondrous"},{"surface":"ποσίν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέπληγον","gloss":"with their feet"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b8-l265","source":"μαρμαρυγὰς θηεῖτο ποδῶν, θαύμαζε δὲ θυμῷ.","translation":"watched the twinkling of their feet, and marveled in his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l265.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μαρμαρυγὰς","title":"Twinkling","body":"The noun means a flashing or shimmering — here the rapid, glittering motion of the dancers' feet."}],"words":[{"surface":"μαρμαρυγὰς","lemma":"μαρμαρυγή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of θηεῖτο","gloss":"the twinkling","note":"μαρμαρυγή 'flashing/twinkling', an onomatopoeic-feeling word for rapid glinting motion"},{"surface":"θηεῖτο","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"watched"},{"surface":"ποδῶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μαρμαρυγὰς","gloss":"of feet"},{"surface":"θαύμαζε","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"marveled"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to θαύμαζε","gloss":"in his heart"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b8-l266","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ φορμίζων ἀνεβάλλετο καλὸν ἀείδειν","translation":"Then, playing the lyre, he struck up a fine song","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνεβάλλετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"φορμίζων","lemma":"φορμίζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεβάλλετο","gloss":"playing the lyre"},{"surface":"ἀνεβάλλετο","lemma":"ἀναβάλλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck up","note":"ἀναβάλλετο 'began (a song)', the technical verb for a bard opening a performance"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀείδειν","gloss":"finely"},{"surface":"ἀείδειν","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀνεβάλλετο","gloss":"to sing"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b8-l267","source":"ἀμφʼ Ἄρεος φιλότητος εὐστεφάνου τʼ Ἀφροδίτης,","translation":"about the love of Ares and fair-crowned Aphrodite,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l267.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εὐστεφάνου","title":"Epithet in the genitive","body":"'Fair-crowned' (εὐστεφάνου) is a standing epithet of Aphrodite, here in the genitive agreeing with her name."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"Ἄρεος","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τ᾽","gloss":"of Ares"},{"surface":"φιλότητος","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"the love"},{"surface":"εὐστεφάνου","lemma":"εὐστέφανος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτης","gloss":"fair-crowned","note":"εὐστέφανος, standard cult epithet of Aphrodite ('well-garlanded')"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτης","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies τ᾽","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b8-l268","source":"ὡς τὰ πρῶτα μίγησαν ἐν Ἡφαίστοιο δόμοισι","translation":"how first they lay together in the house of Hephaestus","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies πρῶτα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μίγησαν","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μίγησαν","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"lay together","note":"μίγησαν, aorist passive of μίγνυμι 'mingle', the standard euphemism for sexual union"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δόμοισι","gloss":"of Hephaestus"},{"surface":"δόμοισι","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b8-l269","source":"λάθρῃ, πολλὰ δʼ ἔδωκε, λέχος δʼ ᾔσχυνε καὶ εὐνὴν","translation":"in secret; and Ares gave many gifts, and shamed the marriage bed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάθρῃ","lemma":"λάθρῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μίγησαν","gloss":"secretly"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"many gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"λέχος","lemma":"λέχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"the bed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ᾔσχυνε","lemma":"αἰσχύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"shamed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εὐνὴν","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"marriage-bed"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b8-l270","source":"Ἡφαίστοιο ἄνακτος. ἄφαρ δέ οἱ ἄγγελος ἦλθεν","translation":"of lord Hephaestus. At once a messenger came to him,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of Hephaestus"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἡφαίστοιο","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἄγγελος","lemma":"ἄγγελος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b8-l271","source":"Ἥλιος, ὅ σφʼ ἐνόησε μιγαζομένους φιλότητι.","translation":"Helios, who had seen them joined in love.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥλιος","lemma":"ἥλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Helios","note":"the sun-god, whose all-seeing gaze catches the lovers—an epic touch on omniscient nature"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνόησε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνόησε","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐνόησε","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἥλιος","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"μιγαζομένους","lemma":"μιγάζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"joined together","note":"μιγάζομαι, an intensive/frequentative form of μίγνυμι, again euphemistic for lovemaking"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of μιγαζομένους","gloss":"in love"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b8-l272","source":"Ἥφαιστος δʼ ὡς οὖν θυμαλγέα μῦθον ἄκουσε,","translation":"And Hephaestus, when he heard the heart-grieving tale,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θυμαλγέα","lemma":"θυμαλγής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μῦθον","gloss":"heart-grieving","note":"θυμαλγής, compound 'pain-to-the-spirit', vivid emotional epithet for the tale"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄκουσε","gloss":"the tale"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b8-l273","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς χαλκεῶνα κακὰ φρεσὶ βυσσοδομεύων,","translation":"went to his forge, brooding evil deep in his heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l273.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"βυσσοδομεύων","title":"Brooding deep","body":"The verb literally means 'building in the depths,' a vivid metaphor for plotting silently and deep within oneself."}],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"χαλκεῶνα","lemma":"χαλκέων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the forge"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of βυσσοδομεύων","gloss":"evil things"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to βυσσοδομεύων","gloss":"in his heart"},{"surface":"βυσσοδομεύων","lemma":"βυσσοδομεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"brooding","note":"βυσσοδομεύων 'building deep down', a vivid compound for secretly plotting"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b8-l274","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔθετʼ ἀκμοθέτῳ μέγαν ἄκμονα, κόπτε δὲ δεσμοὺς","translation":"and set the great anvil on its block, and forged bonds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔθετ","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἀκμοθέτῳ","lemma":"ἀκμόθετον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθετ᾽","gloss":"on the anvil-block"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκμονα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἄκμονα","lemma":"ἄκμων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθετ᾽","gloss":"the anvil"},{"surface":"κόπτε","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forged"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεσμοὺς","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of κόπτε","gloss":"bonds"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b8-l275","source":"ἀρρήκτους ἀλύτους, ὄφρʼ ἔμπεδον αὖθι μένοιεν.","translation":"unbreakable, unloosable, so they might stay fast in place.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρρήκτους","lemma":"ἄρρηκτος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"unbreakable","note":"ἄρρηκτος 'un-rent', from ῥήγνυμι — a favorite Homeric privative-alpha compound"},{"surface":"ἀλύτους","lemma":"ἄλυτος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"unloosable"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδον","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μένοιεν","gloss":"fast"},{"surface":"αὖθι","lemma":"αὖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μένοιεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μένοιεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"might stay","note":"μένοιεν, present optative of purpose in a ὄφρα clause—'so that they might remain'"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b8-l276","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῦξε δόλον κεχολωμένος Ἄρει,","translation":"But when he had made the snare, in his anger against Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τεῦξε","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had made"},{"surface":"δόλον","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τεῦξε","gloss":"the snare"},{"surface":"κεχολωμένος","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τεῦξε","gloss":"enraged","note":"κεχολωμένος, perfect participle 'having grown angry', stresses his lasting fury at Ares"},{"surface":"Ἄρει","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεχολωμένος","gloss":"at Ares"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b8-l277","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς θάλαμον, ὅθι οἱ φίλα δέμνιʼ ἔκειτο,","translation":"he went to the bedchamber where his own dear bed lay,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"θάλαμον","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the bedchamber"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκειτο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies δέμνι᾽","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέμνι᾽","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δέμνι","lemma":"δέμνιον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκειτο","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θάλαμον","gloss":"lay"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b8-l278","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἑρμῖσιν χέε δέσματα κύκλῳ ἁπάντῃ·","translation":"and around the bedposts he poured the bonds in a circle, on every side,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἑρμῖσιν","lemma":"ἑρμίς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the bedposts","note":"ἑρμίς, a rare noun for the corner-posts of the bed frame"},{"surface":"χέε","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"δέσματα","lemma":"δέσμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χέε","gloss":"the bonds"},{"surface":"κύκλῳ","lemma":"κύκλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χέε","gloss":"in a circle"},{"surface":"ἁπάντῃ","lemma":"ἁπάντῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χέε","gloss":"everywhere"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b8-l279","source":"πολλὰ δὲ καὶ καθύπερθε μελαθρόφιν ἐξεκέχυντο,","translation":"and many too were hung from above, down from the roof-beam,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐξεκέχυντο","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"καθύπερθε","lemma":"καθύπερθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"μελαθρόφιν","lemma":"μέλαθρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καθύπερθε","gloss":"from the roof-beam"},{"surface":"ἐξεκέχυντο","lemma":"ἐκχέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been poured down","note":"ἐξεκέχυντο, pluperfect passive, stresses the bonds already hanging in place beforehand"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b8-l280","source":"ἠύτʼ ἀράχνια λεπτά, τά γʼ οὔ κέ τις οὐδὲ ἴδοιτο,","translation":"fine as spider's webs, such as no one could even see,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l280.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀράχνια λεπτά","title":"Spider's webs","body":"The smith's chains are compared to gossamer thread — a paradox of metal made finer than a spider's web, invisible yet unbreakable."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠύτ","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἀράχνια","lemma":"ἀράχνιον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"spider webs","note":"ἀράχνιον, the vivid simile-word comparing the god-forged bonds to something impossibly delicate"},{"surface":"λεπτά","lemma":"λεπτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀράχνια","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἴδοιτο","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"would","note":"κέ + optative ἴδοιτο forms a potential clause, 'no one could even see'"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδοιτο","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἴδοιτο","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πολλὰ","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b8-l281","source":"οὐδὲ θεῶν μακάρων· πέρι γὰρ δολόεντα τέτυκτο.","translation":"not even the blessed gods; for it was wrought full of cunning.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l281.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"μακάρων","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"πέρι","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"exceedingly","note":"πέρι used adverbially/intensively with γάρ, 'for exceedingly'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"δολόεντα","lemma":"δολόεις","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"complement of τέτυκτο","gloss":"full of cunning","note":"δολόεις 'crafty, full of tricks', echoing Hephaestus's own trickster cleverness"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was wrought"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b8-l282","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντα δόλον περὶ δέμνια χεῦεν,","translation":"But when he had poured all the snare about the bed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"δή adds emphasis, marking the completion of the trap-setting."},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλον","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δόλον","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of χεῦεν","gloss":"snare"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέμνια","lemma":"δέμνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"the bed"},{"surface":"χεῦεν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had poured","note":"χέω 'pour' used metaphorically of casting the net-like bonds over the bed."}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b8-l283","source":"εἴσατʼ ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον, ἐυκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,","translation":"he made as if to set off for Lemnos, the well-built city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l283.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴσατ","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he made as if","note":"εἴδομαι here means 'made himself seem/pretend', governing the infinitive ἴμεν."},{"surface":"ἴμεν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴσατ᾽","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Λῆμνον","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"ἐυκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b8-l284","source":"ἥ οἱ γαιάων πολὺ φιλτάτη ἐστὶν ἁπασέων.","translation":"which is by far the dearest of all lands to him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐστὶν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"γαιάων","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φιλτάτη","gloss":"of lands","note":"partitive genitive plural depending on the superlative φιλτάτη, 'dearest of all lands'."},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to φιλτάτη","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"φιλτάτη","lemma":"φίλτατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest"},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Λῆμνον","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἁπασέων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαιάων","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b8-l285","source":"οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε χρυσήνιος Ἄρης,","translation":"Nor did Ares of the golden reins keep a blind watch,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l285.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀλαοσκοπιὴν","title":"Blind watch","body":"Literally a 'blind lookout' — Ares was not keeping careless guard; he watched sharply for his chance."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλαοσκοπιὴν","lemma":"ἀλαοσκοπιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἶχε","gloss":"blind watch","note":"ἀλαοσκοπιή, 'unseeing lookout'; note the negation οὐδ᾽ — Ares was NOT keeping a blind watch, i.e. he was alert and noticed Hephaestus leaving."},{"surface":"εἶχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"χρυσήνιος","lemma":"χρυσήνιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρης","gloss":"golden-reined","note":"epithet χρυσήνιος 'with golden reins', a formulaic epithet for Ares as a charioteer god."},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶχε","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b8-l286","source":"ὡς ἴδεν Ἥφαιστον κλυτοτέχνην νόσφι κιόντα·","translation":"when he saw Hephaestus the famed craftsman going away;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἴδεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστον","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴδεν","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"κλυτοτέχνην","lemma":"κλυτοτέχνης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστον","gloss":"famed craftsman","note":"epithet κλυτοτέχνης, 'famous for his craft', standard epithet of Hephaestus."},{"surface":"νόσφι","lemma":"νόσφι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κιόντα","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"κιόντα","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b8-l287","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰέναι πρὸς δῶμα περικλυτοῦ Ἡφαίστοιο","translation":"he set off for the house of glorious Hephaestus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set off"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"περικλυτοῦ","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἡφαίστοιο","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"of Hephaestus"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b8-l288","source":"ἰσχανόων φιλότητος ἐυστεφάνου Κυθερείης.","translation":"longing for the love of fair-crowned Cytherea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰσχανόων","lemma":"ἰσχανάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"φιλότητος","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰσχανόων","gloss":"for the love","note":"genitive object of ἰσχανάω, 'yearning for', governs a genitive of the thing desired."},{"surface":"ἐυστεφάνου","lemma":"εὐστέφανος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κυθερείης","gloss":"fair-crowned"},{"surface":"Κυθερείης","lemma":"Κυθέρεια","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies φιλότητος","gloss":"of Cytherea","note":"epithet-name for Aphrodite from her cult island Cythera."}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b8-l289","source":"ἡ δὲ νέον παρὰ πατρὸς ἐρισθενέος Κρονίωνος","translation":"She, lately come from her father, the mighty son of Cronus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕζεθ᾽","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέον","lemma":"νέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐρχομένη","gloss":"newly","note":"adverbial accusative νέον, 'recently, just now', modifying the (understood) coming."},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἐρισθενέος","lemma":"ἐρισθενής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κρονίωνος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Κρονίωνος","lemma":"Κρονίων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"son of Cronus","note":"Κρονίων, patronymic epithet for Zeus."}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b8-l290","source":"ἐρχομένη κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζεθʼ· ὁ δʼ εἴσω δώματος ᾔει,","translation":"had just sat down; and he went inside the house,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐρχομένη","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἕζεθ᾽","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἕζεθ","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had sat"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾔει","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"δώματος","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"of the house"},{"surface":"ᾔει","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went","note":"ᾔει, imperfect of εἶμι 'go', vivid scene-setting tense while Ares enters."}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b8-l291","source":"ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί, ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·","translation":"and clasped her hand, and spoke, and called her by name:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l291.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί","title":"Idiom: grew into her hand","body":"The verb φῦ ('grew') with the dative gives the vivid Homeric idiom of clasping a hand so closely it seems to grow into it."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to φῦ","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"φῦ","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"clasped","note":"φῦ (root aorist of φύω) literally 'grew into' her hand — vivid image of pressing/clasping."},{"surface":"χειρί","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φῦ","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀνόμαζε","lemma":"ὀνομάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called by name","note":"formulaic line ἔπος τ᾽ ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνόμαζε, the standard Homeric speech-introduction formula."}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b8-l292","source":"δεῦρο, φίλη, λέκτρονδε τραπείομεν\n                     εὐνηθέντες·","translation":"\"Come, my love, let us go to bed and take our delight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular feminine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"my love"},{"surface":"λέκτρονδε","lemma":"λέκτρον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τραπείομεν","gloss":"to bed","note":"λέκτρονδε, directional -δε suffix 'to/toward the bed', common Homeric motion ending."},{"surface":"τραπείομεν","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"aorist passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us turn","note":"τραπείομεν, aorist passive subjunctive (hortatory) of τέρπω/τρέπω, 'let us turn (to bed)'."},{"surface":"εὐνηθέντες","lemma":"εὐνάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τραπείομεν","gloss":"having lain together"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b8-l293","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔθʼ Ἥφαιστος μεταδήμιος, ἀλλά που ἤδη","translation":"for Hephaestus is no longer here at home, but by now, I think,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔθ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"μεταδήμιος","lemma":"μεταδήμιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I suppose","note":"πού here is the enclitic modal particle 'I suppose/perhaps' (not the accented locative 'somewhere'), matching the translation's parenthetical 'I think'."},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b8-l294","source":"οἴχεται ἐς Λῆμνον μετὰ Σίντιας ἀγριοφώνους.","translation":"he is gone to Lemnos, to the Sintians of savage speech.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχεται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is gone"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Λῆμνον","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Lemnos"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Σίντιας","lemma":"Σίντιες","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"the Sintians","note":"Σίντιες, the legendary early inhabitants of Lemnos known for piracy/savagery."},{"surface":"ἀγριοφώνους","lemma":"ἀγριόφωνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Σίντιας","gloss":"of savage speech"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b8-l295","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῇ δʼ ἀσπαστὸν ἐείσατο κοιμηθῆναι.","translation":"So he spoke, and to her it seemed welcome to lie down.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐείσατο","gloss":"to her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπαστὸν","lemma":"ἀσπαστός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"ἐείσατο","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"κοιμηθῆναι","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"subject of ἐείσατο","gloss":"to lie down"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b8-l296","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐς δέμνια βάντε κατέδραθον· ἀμφὶ δὲ δεσμοὶ","translation":"The two went to the bed and lay down; and around them the bonds","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l296.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δʼ ἐς δέμνια βάντε","title":"Dual number","body":"The forms τώ and βάντε are dual, used for exactly two — here Ares and Aphrodite as a pair. The dual is common in Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κατέδραθον","gloss":"the two","note":"τὼ, dual pronoun — Homer marks Ares and Aphrodite as a pair with dual number/verb forms."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δέμνια","lemma":"δέμνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the bed"},{"surface":"βάντε","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέδραθον","gloss":"having gone","note":"βάντε, dual aorist participle agreeing with τὼ."},{"surface":"κατέδραθον","lemma":"καταδαρθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεσμοὶ","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχυντο","gloss":"bonds"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b8-l297","source":"τεχνήεντες ἔχυντο πολύφρονος Ἡφαίστοιο,","translation":"of skilled Hephaestus poured close, cunningly made,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τεχνήεντες","lemma":"τεχνήεις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δεσμοὶ","gloss":"cunningly wrought"},{"surface":"ἔχυντο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured","note":"ἔχυντο, same verb χέω as l282, now describing the net closing around the lovers."},{"surface":"πολύφρονος","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἡφαίστοιο","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies δεσμοὶ","gloss":"of Hephaestus"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b8-l298","source":"οὐδέ τι κινῆσαι μελέων ἦν οὐδʼ ἀναεῖραι.","translation":"and it was not possible to move a limb or lift one.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐδέ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κινῆσαι","lemma":"κινέω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"to move"},{"surface":"μελέων","lemma":"μέλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of κινῆσαι","gloss":"a limb"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was possible"},{"surface":"οὐδ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἀναεῖραι","lemma":"ἀναείρω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject","gloss":"to lift"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b8-l299","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ γίγνωσκον, ὅ τʼ οὐκέτι φυκτὰ πέλοντο.","translation":"And then indeed they knew that there was no more escaping.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γίγνωσκον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γίγνωσκον","lemma":"γιγνώσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they knew"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"xseg","gloss":"that","note":"ὅ τ(ε) here functions together as the conjunction 'that', splitting ὅτι across the meter."},{"surface":"οὐκέτι","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πέλοντο","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"φυκτὰ","lemma":"φυκτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"escapable"},{"surface":"πέλοντο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὅ","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b8-l300","source":"ἀγχίμολον δέ σφʼ ἦλθε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις,","translation":"Near them came the glorious one with crooked legs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l300.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφιγυήεις","title":"Crooked-legged","body":"A standing epithet of Hephaestus, referring to his lameness — 'lame in both legs' or 'with crooked feet.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀγχίμολον","lemma":"ἀγχίμολος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφ","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγχίμολον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸς","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιγυήεις","gloss":"glorious"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"the crook-legged one","note":"ἀμφιγυήεις, epithet of Hephaestus referring to his lameness/bent legs, used as a substitute name."}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b8-l301","source":"αὖτις ὑποστρέψας πρὶν Λήμνου γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι·","translation":"having turned back again before reaching the land of Lemnos;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποστρέψας","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"ὑποστρέψας","lemma":"ὑποστρέφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθε","gloss":"having turned"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Λήμνου","lemma":"Λῆμνος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"of Lemnos"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"reaching"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b8-l302","source":"Ἠέλιος γάρ οἱ σκοπιὴν ἔχεν εἶπέ τε μῦθον.","translation":"for Helios kept watch for him and told him the tale.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l302.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχεν","gloss":"Helios","note":"the sun-god as all-seeing witness, a recurring Homeric motif for exposing hidden deeds."},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔχεν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"σκοπιὴν","lemma":"σκοπιά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔχεν","gloss":"watch"},{"surface":"ἔχεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"εἶπέ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῦθον","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἶπέ","gloss":"tale"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b8-l303","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεναι πρὸς δῶμα φίλον τετιημένος ἦτορ·","translation":"He went toward his house, grieved at heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set off"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴμεναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"own"},{"surface":"τετιημένος","lemma":"τετίημαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆ","gloss":"grieved","note":"τετιημένος, perfect participle 'stricken with grief', governing accusative of respect ἦτορ 'in heart'."},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τετιημένος","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b8-l304","source":"ἔστη δʼ ἐν προθύροισι, χόλος δέ μιν ἄγριος ᾕρει·","translation":"and stood in the doorway, and fierce anger seized him;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔστη","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προθύροισι","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the doorway"},{"surface":"χόλος","lemma":"χόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾕρει","gloss":"anger"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ᾕρει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄγριος","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χόλος","gloss":"fierce"},{"surface":"ᾕρει","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b8-l305","source":"σμερδαλέον δʼ ἐβόησε, γέγωνέ τε πᾶσι θεοῖσιν·","translation":"he shouted terribly, and called out to all the gods:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐβόησε","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐβόησε","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shouted"},{"surface":"γέγωνέ","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out","note":"γέγωνα, perfect with present force 'make oneself heard', vivid loud-voice verb."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γέγωνέ","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b8-l306","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ ἠδʼ ἄλλοι μάκαρες θεοὶ αἰὲν\n                     ἐόντες,","translation":"\"Father Zeus, and you other blessed gods who live forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l306.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"αἰὲν ἐόντες","title":"Participle: ever-living","body":"The present participle ἐόντες ('being') with αἰέν ('always') is a formula for the gods: 'those who exist forever.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεῦ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεῦ","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"μάκαρες","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντες","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντες","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, vocative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"being","note":"αἰὲν ἐόντες, formulaic epithet 'who are forever', i.e. the deathless gods."}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b8-l307","source":"δεῦθʼ, ἵνα ἔργα γελαστὰ καὶ οὐκ ἐπιεικτὰ ἴδησθε,","translation":"come here, that you may see deeds laughable and not to be borne,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l307.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦθ","lemma":"δεῦτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"come here"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"γελαστὰ","lemma":"γελαστός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"laughable"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικτὰ","lemma":"ἐπιεικτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"tolerable"},{"surface":"ἴδησθε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"may see"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b8-l308","source":"ὡς ἐμὲ χωλὸν ἐόντα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη","translation":"how Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus, dishonors me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀτιμάζει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"χωλὸν","lemma":"χωλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lame"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ἐμὲ","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυγάτηρ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b8-l309","source":"αἰὲν ἀτιμάζει, φιλέει δʼ ἀίδηλον Ἄρηα,","translation":"always, because I am lame, and loves destructive Ares,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀτιμάζει","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἀτιμάζει","lemma":"ἀτιμάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"dishonors"},{"surface":"φιλέει","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"loves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀίδηλον","lemma":"ἀίδηλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"destructive","note":"ἀίδηλος, 'unseen-making, destroying', a dark epithet applied to Ares as bringer of ruin."},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φιλέει","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b8-l310","source":"οὕνεχʼ ὁ μὲν καλός τε καὶ ἀρτίπος, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε","translation":"because he is handsome and sound of foot, while I","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεχ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"καλός","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρτίπος","lemma":"ἀρτίπους","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"sound of foot","note":"ἀρτίπος, 'sound-footed', pointed contrast with Hephaestus's own lameness in the next clause."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of γενόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b8-l311","source":"ἠπεδανὸς γενόμην. ἀτὰρ οὔ τί μοι αἴτιος ἄλλος,","translation":"was born a weakling. Yet no other is to blame for that,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l311.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἠπεδανὸς","title":"Weakling","body":"A rare adjective meaning feeble or infirm; Hephaestus uses it of his own lameness from birth."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠπεδανὸς","lemma":"ἠπεδανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"weakling","note":"predicate adj. after 'was born' — describes the resulting state, not the subject directly."},{"surface":"γενόμην","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to αὐτὰρ","gloss":"was born"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"at all","note":"τί here is adverbial accusative 'in any respect,' not the pronoun 'something.'"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"αἴτιος","lemma":"αἴτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to blame"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b8-l312","source":"ἀλλὰ τοκῆε δύω, τὼ μὴ γείνασθαι ὄφελλον.","translation":"but my two parents, who ought never to have begotten me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l312.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ","title":"Dual: the two parents","body":"τώ is again the dual, here pointing to the two parents as a pair, agreeing with τοκῆε ('parents,' also dual)."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τοκῆε","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"nominative dual masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"parents","note":"τοκῆε is dual — Homer marks 'two parents' with the dual noun ending, reinforced by δύω."},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τοκῆε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὄφελλον","gloss":"who","note":"τὼ is the dual demonstrative/relative pronoun 'those two.'"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γείνασθαι","lemma":"γείνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ὄφελλον","gloss":"to beget"},{"surface":"ὄφελλον","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοκῆε","gloss":"ought","note":"ὄφελλον + infinitive = 'ought to have' — a fixed idiom of regret/reproach in Homer."}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b8-l313","source":"ἀλλʼ ὄψεσθʼ, ἵνα τώ γε καθεύδετον ἐν φιλότητι","translation":"But come and see where the two of them sleep in love,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὄψεσθ","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shall see","note":"future used as a command ('go see') — common Homeric idiom for vivid imperatives."},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καθεύδετον","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"τώ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καθεύδετον","gloss":"the two of them","note":"dual pronoun τώ, matching the dual verb καθεύδετον."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καθεύδετον","lemma":"καθεύδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"object of ὄψεσθ᾽","gloss":"they sleep","note":"3rd dual ending -τον marks 'the two of them,' distinct from plural."},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φιλότητι","lemma":"φιλότης","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"love"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b8-l314","source":"εἰς ἐμὰ δέμνια βάντες, ἐγὼ δʼ ὁρόων ἀκάχημαι.","translation":"gone up into my bed; and I, looking on, am grieved.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l314.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέμνια","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"δέμνια","lemma":"δέμνιον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"βάντες","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καθεύδετον","gloss":"having gone"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀκάχημαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρόων","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκάχημαι","gloss":"looking on"},{"surface":"ἀκάχημαι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am grieved"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b8-l315","source":"οὐ μέν σφεας ἔτʼ ἔολπα μίνυνθά γε κειέμεν οὕτως","translation":"Yet I do not think they will want to lie like this even a little while longer,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφεας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κειέμεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἔτ","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κειέμεν","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ἔολπα","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I expect","note":"perfect ἔολπα has present force ('I am confident'), typical of Homeric perfects of feeling."},{"surface":"μίνυνθά","lemma":"μίνυνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κειέμεν","gloss":"a little while"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κειέμεν","lemma":"κείω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἔολπα","gloss":"to lie"},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κειέμεν","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b8-l316","source":"καὶ μάλα περ φιλέοντε· τάχʼ οὐκ ἐθελήσετον ἄμφω","translation":"for all their great love; soon the two of them will not wish","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l316.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"φιλέοντε","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to κειέμεν","gloss":"loving","note":"dual participle φιλέοντε agrees with the pair Ares and Aphrodite, echoing τὼ above."},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθελήσετον","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐθελήσετον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they will wish","note":"3rd dual future -τον, keeping the pair grammatically bound together."},{"surface":"ἄμφω","lemma":"ἄμφω","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐθελήσετον","gloss":"both"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b8-l317","source":"εὕδειν· ἀλλά σφωε δόλος καὶ δεσμὸς ἐρύξει,","translation":"to sleep; but the snare and the bond will hold them fast,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδειν","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθελήσετον","gloss":"to sleep"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σφωε","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative dual masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύξει","gloss":"the two of them","note":"σφωε is the dual accusative 'them both,' object of ἐρύξει."},{"surface":"δόλος","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"snare"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεσμὸς","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"bond"},{"surface":"ἐρύξει","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will hold fast"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b8-l318","source":"εἰς ὅ κέ μοι μάλα πάντα πατὴρ ἀποδῷσιν ἔεδνα,","translation":"until her father gives me back every bride-gift,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀποδῷσιν","gloss":"that which","note":"ὅ here forms the correlative εἰς ὅ κε 'until' with the subjunctive, an epic idiom for future time clauses."},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(indef. particle)"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀποδῷσιν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔεδνα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀποδῷσιν","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἀποδῷσιν","lemma":"ἀποδίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"gives back"},{"surface":"ἔεδνα","lemma":"ἕδνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀποδῷσιν","gloss":"bride-gifts","note":"ἔεδνα = bridal gifts the groom gives the bride's father; Hephaestus wants his back since the marriage failed."}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b8-l319","source":"ὅσσα οἱ ἐγγυάλιξα κυνώπιδος εἵνεκα κούρης,","translation":"all that I handed over for the sake of his dog-faced daughter,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l319.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κυνώπιδος","title":"Dog-faced","body":"'Dog-eyed' or 'dog-faced' is a term of contempt for shamelessness, hurled here by Hephaestus at the unfaithful Aphrodite."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐγγυάλιξα","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐγγυάλιξα","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἐγγυάλιξα","lemma":"ἐγγυαλίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἔεδνα","gloss":"I handed over"},{"surface":"κυνώπιδος","lemma":"κυνώπης","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies κούρης","gloss":"dog-faced","note":"κυνώπιδος 'dog-eyed/shameless' is a stock insult for brazenness — here aimed at Aphrodite."},{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"κούρης","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"daughter"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b8-l320","source":"οὕνεκά οἱ καλὴ θυγάτηρ, ἀτὰρ οὐκ ἐχέθυμος.","translation":"because his daughter is beautiful, but cannot govern her desire.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκά","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"καλὴ","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"θυγάτηρ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐχέθυμος","lemma":"ἐχέθυμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"self-controlled","note":"ἐχέθυμος lit. 'heart-holding' — a compound coinage meaning able to restrain one's passion."}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b8-l321","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἀγέροντο θεοὶ ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς\n                  δῶ·","translation":"So he spoke, and the gods gathered to the bronze-floored house;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l321.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"χαλκοβατὲς δῶ","title":"Bronze-floored house","body":"A formulaic epithet for a god's dwelling, 'set on a floor of bronze' — a mark of its imperishable splendor."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"(article, the gods)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγέροντο","lemma":"ἀγείρω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gathered"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγέροντο","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"χαλκοβατὲς","lemma":"χαλκοβατής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶ","gloss":"bronze-floored","note":"χαλκοβατές, an epic compound epithet for divine dwellings — 'bronze-paved.'"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b8-l322","source":"ἦλθε Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος, ἦλθʼ ἐριούνης","translation":"Poseidon came, the earth-encircler, and Hermes came, the bringer of luck,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"γαιήοχος","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-holder","note":"γαιήοχος, Poseidon's standing epithet 'earth-encircler/holder,' tied to his dominion over sea and land."},{"surface":"ἦλθ","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἐριούνης","lemma":"ἐριούνης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἑρμείας","gloss":"luck-bringer","note":"ἐριούνης is a traditional epithet of Hermes, 'the profitable/helpful one.'"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b8-l323","source":"Ἑρμείας, ἦλθεν δὲ ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων.","translation":"Hermes, and lord Apollo who works from afar came too.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l323.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἑκάεργος","title":"Epithet: far-working","body":"'Working from afar' (ἑκάεργος) is a standing epithet of Apollo, alluding to his bow that strikes at a distance."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμείας","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθ᾽","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἑκάεργος","lemma":"Ἑκάεργος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"far-worker","note":"ἑκάεργος, epithet of Apollo 'who works/strikes from afar,' referencing his bow."},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b8-l324","source":"θηλύτεραι δὲ θεαὶ μένον αἰδοῖ οἴκοι ἑκάστη.","translation":"But the goddesses stayed each at home for shame.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θηλύτεραι","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θεαὶ","gloss":"more female","note":"θηλύτεραι, a comparative used simply as 'the female (goddesses),' a Homeric idiom of gender contrast."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θεαὶ","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of μένον","gloss":"goddesses"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"αἰδοῖ","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"for shame"},{"surface":"οἴκοι","lemma":"οἴκοι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένον","gloss":"at home"},{"surface":"ἑκάστη","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b8-l325","source":"ἔσταν δʼ ἐν προθύροισι θεοί, δωτῆρες ἑάων·","translation":"The gods, givers of good things, stood in the doorway;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l325.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσταν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"προθύροισι","lemma":"πρόθυρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"doorway"},{"surface":"θεοί","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δωτῆρες","lemma":"δωτήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"givers"},{"surface":"ἑάων","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δωτῆρες","gloss":"of good things","note":"ἑάων, epic genitive plural of ἐύς 'good,' in the fixed formula δωτῆρες ἑάων 'givers of good things.'"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b8-l326","source":"ἄσβεστος δʼ ἄρʼ ἐνῶρτο γέλως μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι","translation":"and unquenchable laughter rose up among the blessed gods","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l326.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄσβεστος γέλως","title":"Unquenchable laughter","body":"Literally 'inextinguishable laughter' — the same word ('asbestos') gives us the modern term for the fireproof mineral."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσβεστος","lemma":"ἄσβεστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γέλως","gloss":"unquenchable","note":"ἄσβεστος γέλως, the famous formula 'unquenchable/Olympian laughter' of the gods."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐνῶρτο","lemma":"ἐνόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"γέλως","lemma":"γέλως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνῶρτο","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"μακάρεσσι","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνῶρτο","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b8-l327","source":"τέχνας εἰσορόωσι πολύφρονος Ἡφαίστοιο.","translation":"as they looked on the contrivances of skilled Hephaestus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέχνας","lemma":"τέχνη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰσορόωσι","gloss":"contrivances"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωσι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, dative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"looking on"},{"surface":"πολύφρονος","lemma":"πολύφρων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἡφαίστοιο","gloss":"cunning","note":"πολύφρονος 'of many wits,' praising Hephaestus's ingenuity despite the mockery."},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τέχνας","gloss":"Hephaestus"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b8-l328","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον·","translation":"And thus one would say, looking at his neighbor nearby:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l328.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἴπεσκεν","title":"Iterative aorist","body":"The -σκ- form again marks repeated action: 'one after another would say,' the gods speaking in turn."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"εἴπεσκεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would say","note":"εἴπεσκεν has the iterative -σκ- suffix, marking repeated action: 'kept saying.'"},{"surface":"ἰδὼν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴπεσκεν","gloss":"looking"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πλησίον","lemma":"πλησίος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλον","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"another"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b8-l329","source":"οὐκ ἀρετᾷ κακὰ ἔργα· κιχάνει τοι βραδὺς\n                     ὠκύν,","translation":"\"Evil deeds do not prosper; the slow one catches the swift,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l329.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κιχάνει βραδὺς ὠκύν","title":"The slow catches the swift","body":"A proverb: 'the slow overtakes the swift,' framing the whole episode as a moral about cunning beating speed."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἀρετᾷ","lemma":"ἀρετάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prosper"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀρετᾷ","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"κιχάνει","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"catches"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"βραδὺς","lemma":"βραδύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κιχάνει","gloss":"slow one"},{"surface":"ὠκύν","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of κιχάνει","gloss":"swift one","note":"proverbial saying: the slow (Hephaestus) outwits the swift (Ares) — a gnomic aphorism embedded in the narrative."}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b8-l330","source":"ὡς καὶ νῦν Ἥφαιστος ἐὼν βραδὺς εἷλεν Ἄρηα","translation":"as even now Hephaestus, slow as he is, has caught Ares,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἷλεν","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ἥφαιστος","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἷλεν","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστος","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"βραδὺς","lemma":"βραδύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"slow"},{"surface":"εἷλεν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἷλεν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b8-l331","source":"ὠκύτατόν περ ἐόντα θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν,","translation":"though he was the swiftest of the gods who hold Olympus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l331.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠκύτατόν","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"swiftest","note":"ὠκύτατόν, superlative describing Ares — irony that the swiftest god still got caught."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Ἄρηα","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὠκύτατόν","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ὄλυμπον","lemma":"Ὄλυμπος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"Olympus"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing θεῶν","gloss":"hold"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b8-l332","source":"χωλὸς ἐὼν τέχνῃσι· τὸ καὶ μοιχάγριʼ ὀφέλλει.","translation":"Hephaestus, lame as he is, caught him by his craft; so Ares owes the adulterer's fine.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l332.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μοιχάγρια","title":"The adulterer's fine","body":"A rare compound meaning the penalty or 'catch-fee' owed for being caught in adultery. The gods treat the trap as a legal seizure requiring damages."}],"words":[{"surface":"χωλὸς","lemma":"χωλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lame","note":"χωλὸς, Hephaestus's defining trait, set in pointed contrast with Ares's swiftness in the surrounding lines."},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷλεν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"τέχνῃσι","lemma":"τέχνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἷλεν","gloss":"by craft"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"μοιχάγρι","lemma":"μοιχάγρια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὀφέλλει","gloss":"adulterer's fine","note":"μοιχάγρια, a rare compound noun 'penalty for adultery' — legalistic vocabulary embedded in the gods' banter."},{"surface":"ὀφέλλει","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"owes"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b8-l333","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον·","translation":"So they spoke such things to one another;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l333.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοιαῦτα","lemma":"τοιοῦτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"such things"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b8-l334","source":"Ἑρμῆν δὲ προσέειπεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"but lord Apollo, son of Zeus, said to Hermes:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμῆν","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέειπεν","gloss":"Hermes"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προσέειπεν","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱὸς","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b8-l335","source":"Ἑρμεία, Διὸς υἱέ, διάκτορε, δῶτορ ἑάων,","translation":"\"Hermes, son of Zeus, guide and giver of good things,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l335.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δῶτορ ἑάων","title":"Giver of good things","body":"A formulaic epithet for gods who bestow blessings. Here Apollo addresses Hermes with this title even as he teases him."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἑρμεία","lemma":"Ἑρμῆς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hermes","note":"vocative address; the following vocatives (υἱέ, διάκτορε, δῶτορ) stack in apposition, a Homeric epithet-chain."},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱέ","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"υἱέ","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"διάκτορε","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"guide"},{"surface":"δῶτορ","lemma":"δώτωρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"giver"},{"surface":"ἑάων","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶτορ","gloss":"of good things"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b8-l336","source":"ἦ ῥά κεν ἐν δεσμοῖς ἐθέλοις κρατεροῖσι πιεσθεὶς","translation":"would you really be willing, pressed tight in strong chains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δεσμοῖς","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"chains"},{"surface":"ἐθέλοις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would you wish","note":"optative + κεν = polite/hypothetical question, Apollo's teasing 'would you really...?'"},{"surface":"κρατεροῖσι","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δεσμοῖς","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"πιεσθεὶς","lemma":"πιέζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλοις","gloss":"pressed"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b8-l337","source":"εὕδειν ἐν λέκτροισι παρὰ χρυσέῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ;","translation":"to sleep in bed beside golden Aphrodite?\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδειν","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλοις","gloss":"to sleep"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"λέκτροισι","lemma":"λέκτρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"χρυσέῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτῃ","gloss":"golden","note":"χρυσέῃ, a stock epithet of Aphrodite tied to her beauty/wealth."},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτῃ","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b8-l338","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·","translation":"Then the guide, slayer of Argus, answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l338.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀργεϊφόντης","title":"Epithet of Hermes","body":"A standing epithet for Hermes, traditionally 'slayer of Argus.' Such formulaic epithets fill the metrical line and identify the speaker."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"διάκτορος","lemma":"διάκτορος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"guide"},{"surface":"ἀργεϊφόντης","lemma":"Ἀργειφόντης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"slayer of Argus","note":"ἀργεϊφόντης, Hermes's fixed epic epithet recalling his killing of the giant Argus."}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b8-l339","source":"αἲ γὰρ τοῦτο γένοιτο, ἄναξ ἑκατηβόλʼ Ἄπολλον·","translation":"\"If only this could happen, lord Apollo who shoots from afar:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could happen","note":"aorist optative expresses a wish, 'would that it happen'"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἄπολλον","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"ἑκατηβόλ","lemma":"ἑκατηβόλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἄπολλον","gloss":"far-shooting","note":"epithet ἑκατηβόλος 'shooting from afar', formulaic for Apollo"},{"surface":"Ἄπολλον","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b8-l340","source":"δεσμοὶ μὲν τρὶς τόσσοι ἀπείρονες ἀμφὶς ἔχοιεν,","translation":"let three times as many endless chains hold me fast,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεσμοὶ","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχοιεν","gloss":"chains"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τόσσοι","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"τόσσοι","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δεσμοὶ","gloss":"as many","note":"τόσσοι answers τρίς, 'three times as many'"},{"surface":"ἀπείρονες","lemma":"ἀπείρων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δεσμοὶ","gloss":"endless"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχοιεν","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ἔχοιεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hold fast","note":"optative of wish, continuing Ares' desired outcome"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b8-l341","source":"ὑμεῖς δʼ εἰσορόῳτε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι,","translation":"and you gods look on, and all the goddesses too,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰσορόῳτε","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"look on","note":"optative still carrying the wish-clause begun at l339"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"πᾶσαί","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θέαιναι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θέαιναι","lemma":"θέαινα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"goddesses"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b8-l342","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν εὕδοιμι παρὰ χρυσέῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ.","translation":"and still I would sleep beside golden Aphrodite.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὕδοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"εὕδοιμι","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would sleep","note":"climax of Ares' wish: he'd gladly stay bound just to lie with Aphrodite"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"χρυσέῃ","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτῃ","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτῃ","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b8-l343","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἐν δὲ γέλως ὦρτʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν.","translation":"So he spoke, and laughter rose among the immortal gods.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among","note":"ἐν...ὦρτ᾽ is tmesis: ἐν contributes the locative sense 'among/in' (translation 'laughter rose among the immortal gods'); the notion of rising comes from ὦρτ᾽ (ὄρνυμι), not from ἐν."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γέλως","lemma":"γέλως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὦρτ᾽","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"ὦρτ","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὦρτ᾽","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b8-l344","source":"οὐδὲ Ποσειδάωνα γέλως ἔχε, λίσσετο δʼ αἰεὶ","translation":"But laughter did not hold Poseidon; he kept begging","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνα","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"γέλως","lemma":"γέλως","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"laughter"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held","note":"litotes: 'laughter did not hold him' = he alone did not laugh"},{"surface":"λίσσετο","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept begging"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίσσετο","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b8-l345","source":"Ἥφαιστον κλυτοεργὸν ὅπως λύσειεν Ἄρηα.","translation":"Hephaestus, the famous craftsman, to set Ares free.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστον","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λίσσετο","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"κλυτοεργὸν","lemma":"κλυτοεργός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἥφαιστον","gloss":"famous craftsman","note":"compound epithet κλυτοεργός, 'famed for his work'"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"λύσειεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὅπως","gloss":"might free"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύσειεν","gloss":"Ares"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b8-l346","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"And speaking out, he addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l346.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα","title":"Winged words","body":"The classic Homeric formula introducing speech: words 'take wing' from the speaker to the listener."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"formulaic ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words', standard speech-introduction line"},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b8-l347","source":"λῦσον· ἐγὼ δέ τοι αὐτὸν ὑπίσχομαι, ὡς σὺ\n                     κελεύεις,","translation":"\"Let him go; and I promise you myself, just as you require,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λῦσον","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"release him"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπίσχομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὑπίσχομαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of τίσειν","gloss":"himself","note":"αὐτόν anticipates the coming infinitive τίσειν, 'that he himself will pay'"},{"surface":"ὑπίσχομαι","lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I promise"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to τίσειν","gloss":"require"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b8-l348","source":"τίσειν αἴσιμα πάντα μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν.","translation":"that he will pay all that is fitting before the immortal gods.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίσειν","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of ὑπίσχομαι","gloss":"will pay","note":"future infinitive completing ὑπίσχομαι, indirect statement 'promise that he will pay'"},{"surface":"αἴσιμα","lemma":"αἴσιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τίσειν","gloss":"fitting"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἴσιμα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b8-l349","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·","translation":"Then the famous lame god answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l349.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἀμφιγυήεις","title":"The lame one","body":"An epithet of Hephaestus, roughly 'crook-footed' or 'lame in both legs,' marking his characteristic disability."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπε","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸς","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιγυήεις","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of προσέειπε","gloss":"lame god","note":"ἀμφιγυήεις, Hephaestus's standing epithet, 'the one bent on both legs'"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b8-l350","source":"μή με, Ποσείδαον γαιήοχε, ταῦτα κέλευε·","translation":"\"Do not, Poseidon who girds the earth, ask this of me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"do not"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κέλευε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"Ποσείδαον","lemma":"Ποσειδῶν","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"γαιήοχε","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποσείδαον","gloss":"earth-holder","note":"epithet γαιήοχος 'holding/girding the earth', formulaic for Poseidon"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"κέλευε","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ask"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b8-l351","source":"δειλαί τοι δειλῶν γε καὶ ἐγγύαι ἐγγυάασθαι.","translation":"Wretched are the pledges one pledges for wretched men.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δειλαί","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δειλῶν","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐγγύαι","gloss":"of wretched","note":"proverbial-sounding line: figura etymologica δειλῶν...ἐγγύαι ἐγγυάασθαι, 'wretched pledges for wretches'"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἐγγύαι","lemma":"ἐγγύη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"pledges"},{"surface":"ἐγγυάασθαι","lemma":"ἐγγυάω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to δειλαί","gloss":"to pledge"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b8-l352","source":"πῶς ἂν ἐγώ σε δέοιμι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν,","translation":"How could I bind you before the immortal gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to δέοιμι","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"could","note":"πῶς ἄν + optative, polite/deliberative potential question"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέοιμι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέοιμι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέοιμι","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"present active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bind"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισι","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b8-l353","source":"εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο χρέος καὶ δεσμὸν ἀλύξας;","translation":"if Ares should go off, escaping his debt and the chains?\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οἴχοιτο","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"οἴχοιτο","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"should go off","note":"εἰ κε(ν) + optative, future-less-vivid condition: 'if Ares were to slip away'"},{"surface":"χρέος","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"debt"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεσμὸν","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"chain"},{"surface":"ἀλύξας","lemma":"ἀλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχοιτο","gloss":"escaping"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b8-l354","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·","translation":"Then Poseidon the earth-shaker answered him in turn:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"προσέειπε","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"earth-shaker","note":"epithet Ἐνοσίχθων 'earth-shaker', a standing name for Poseidon"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b8-l355","source":"Ἥφαιστʼ, εἴ περ γάρ κεν Ἄρης χρεῖος ὑπαλύξας","translation":"\"Hephaestus, even if Ares does dodge his debt","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἥφαιστ","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Hephaestus"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"Ἄρης","lemma":"Ἄρης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of οἴχηται","gloss":"Ares"},{"surface":"χρεῖος","lemma":"χρέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπαλύξας","gloss":"debt"},{"surface":"ὑπαλύξας","lemma":"ὑπαλύσκω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχηται","gloss":"dodging"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b8-l356","source":"οἴχηται φεύγων, αὐτός τοι ἐγὼ τάδε τίσω.","translation":"and goes off in flight, I myself will pay you this.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴχηται","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"goes off","note":"subjunctive with εἴ...κεν, vivid future condition continued from previous line"},{"surface":"φεύγων","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to οἴχηται","gloss":"fleeing"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself","note":"emphatic αὐτός, 'I in person will pay'"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίσω","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τίσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of τίσω","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τίσω","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will pay"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b8-l357","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·","translation":"Then the famous lame god answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετ","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"περικλυτὸς","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιγυήεις","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"ἀμφιγυήεις","lemma":"ἀμφιγύεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠμείβετ᾽","gloss":"lame god"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b8-l358","source":"οὐκ ἔστʼ οὐδὲ ἔοικε τεὸν ἔπος ἀρνήσασθαι.","translation":"\"It is not possible, nor right, to refuse your word.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἔστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is possible"},{"surface":"ἔοικε","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is fitting","note":"perfect ἔοικα with present force, 'it is fitting/right'"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀρνήσασθαι","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"ἀρνήσασθαι","lemma":"ἀρνέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive infinitive","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"to refuse"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b8-l359","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν δεσμὸν ἀνίει μένος Ἡφαίστοιο.","translation":"So speaking, the strength of Hephaestus loosed the chain.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l359.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"μένος Ἡφαίστοιο","title":"The strength of Hephaestus","body":"A periphrasis: 'the might of Hephaestus' simply means Hephaestus himself. Homer often names a hero's force in place of the hero."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνίει","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"δεσμὸν","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνίει","gloss":"chain"},{"surface":"ἀνίει","lemma":"ἀνίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"loosed"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀνίει","gloss":"might","note":"periphrasis μένος Ἡφαίστοιο, 'might of Hephaestus' = Hephaestus himself, an epic idiom"},{"surface":"Ἡφαίστοιο","lemma":"Ἥφαιστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Hephaestus"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b8-l360","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ δεσμοῖο λύθεν, κρατεροῦ περ ἐόντος,","translation":"And when the two were freed from the chain, strong as it was,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l360.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τὼ δʼ","title":"The dual number","body":"τώ is dual, referring to exactly two persons, Ares and Aphrodite together. Homer keeps the old dual for natural pairs."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λύθεν","gloss":"the two","note":"dual pronoun τώ, marking Ares and Aphrodite as a pair"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"δεσμοῖο","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λύθεν","gloss":"chain"},{"surface":"λύθεν","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"were freed","note":"aorist passive λύθεν is a 3rd person plural form (as the morphology field states), used here with the dual subject τώ — Homer often uses a plural verb with a dual subject rather than a true dual verb form."},{"surface":"κρατεροῦ","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though","note":"περ concessive, 'though it was strong'"},{"surface":"ἐόντος","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"modifies δεσμοῖο","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b8-l361","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἀναΐξαντε ὁ μὲν Θρῄκηνδε βεβήκει,","translation":"at once they sprang up, and the one went off to Thrace,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀναΐξαντε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξαντε","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"springing up","note":"dual participle ἀναΐξαντε, both leaping up together before parting"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βεβήκει","gloss":"the one"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Θρῄκηνδε","lemma":"Θρῄκηνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βεβήκει","gloss":"to Thrace"},{"surface":"βεβήκει","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had gone"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b8-l362","source":"ἡ δʼ ἄρα Κύπρον ἵκανε φιλομμειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη,","translation":"while she, laughter-loving Aphrodite, came to Cyprus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l362.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φιλομμειδής","title":"Laughter-loving","body":"A standing epithet of Aphrodite, 'fond of smiles.' It fits gracefully even here, just after she has been humiliated."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine article","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Κύπρον","lemma":"Κύπρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to Cyprus"},{"surface":"ἵκανε","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"φιλομμειδὴς","lemma":"φιλομμειδής","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀφροδίτη","gloss":"laughter-loving","note":"epithet φιλομμειδής, standing epithet of Aphrodite"},{"surface":"Ἀφροδίτη","lemma":"Ἀφροδίτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἵκανε","gloss":"Aphrodite"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b8-l363","source":"ἐς Πάφον· ἔνθα δέ οἱ τέμενος βωμός τε θυήεις.","translation":"to Paphos, where she has a sacred precinct and a fragrant altar.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Πάφον","lemma":"Πάφος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"Paphos","note":"Aphrodite's famed cult site on Cyprus"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"τέμενος","lemma":"τέμενος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"precinct"},{"surface":"βωμός","lemma":"βωμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"altar"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυήεις","lemma":"θυήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies βωμός","gloss":"fragrant"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b8-l364","source":"ἔνθα δέ μιν Χάριτες λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ","translation":"There the Graces bathed her and anointed her with oil,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λοῦσαν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of λοῦσαν","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Χάριτες","lemma":"Χάρις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of λοῦσαν","gloss":"Graces"},{"surface":"λοῦσαν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bathed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρῖσαν","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"anointed"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χρῖσαν","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b8-l365","source":"ἀμβρότῳ, οἷα θεοὺς ἐπενήνοθεν αἰὲν ἐόντας,","translation":"the immortal oil that shines upon the gods who live forever,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμβρότῳ","lemma":"ἄμβροτος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐλαίῳ","gloss":"immortal"},{"surface":"οἷα","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἐπενήνοθεν","gloss":"such as","note":"οἷα introduces a relative clause of quality describing the ambrosial oil"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπενήνοθεν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἐπενήνοθεν","lemma":"ἐνήνοθε","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἐλαίῳ","gloss":"shines upon","note":"rare perfect ἐπενήνοθεν, 'gleams/blooms upon', an archaic epic form"},{"surface":"αἰὲν","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντας","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"modifies θεοὺς","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b8-l366","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσαν ἐπήρατα, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι.","translation":"and they dressed her in lovely garments, a wonder to behold.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l366.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἵματα","lemma":"εἷμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"garments"},{"surface":"ἕσσαν","lemma":"ἕννυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dressed her","note":"ἀμφὶ...ἕσσαν is tmesis, 'they clothed her about'"},{"surface":"ἐπήρατα","lemma":"ἐπήρατος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἵματα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"θαῦμα","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies θαῦμα","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b8-l367","source":"ταῦτʼ ἄρʼ ἀοιδὸς ἄειδε περικλυτός· αὐτὰρ\n                  Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"So the famous bard sang; and Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄειδε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then","note":"Epic ἄρα, a light connective particle marking narrative sequence—very common, rarely translated on its own."},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸς","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄειδε","gloss":"bard"},{"surface":"ἄειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sang"},{"surface":"περικλυτός","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὸς","gloss":"famous","note":"Epithet περικλυτός 'far-renowned', a stock Homeric formula for skilled craftsmen and singers."},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τέρπετ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b8-l368","source":"τέρπετʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀκούων ἠδὲ καὶ ἄλλοι","translation":"delighted in his heart as he listened, and so did the others,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέρπετ","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"delighted","note":"Middle voice τέρπετο: Odysseus 'delighted himself'—the middle stresses inward, personal enjoyment."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ᾗσιν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies φρεσὶν","gloss":"his own","note":"Possessive ἑός (his own) in the dative plural, agreeing with φρεσίν—an epic possessive adjective rarer in later Greek."},{"surface":"ἀκούων","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρπετ᾽","gloss":"listening"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαίηκες","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b8-l369","source":"Φαίηκες δολιχήρετμοι, ναυσίκλυτοι ἄνδρες.","translation":"the Phaeacians with their long oars, men famed for their ships.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l369.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δολιχήρετμοι, ναυσίκλυτοι","title":"Long-oared, ship-famed","body":"Two epithets define the Phaeacians as a seafaring people: 'with long oars' and 'renowned for ships.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"δολιχήρετμοι","lemma":"δολιχήρετμος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαίηκες","gloss":"long-oared","note":"Compound epithet δολιχήρετμος 'with long oars', a formulaic marker of the seafaring Phaeacians."},{"surface":"ναυσίκλυτοι","lemma":"ναυσικλυτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"famed for ships"},{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b8-l370","source":"Ἀλκίνοος δʼ Ἅλιον καὶ Λαοδάμαντα κέλευσεν","translation":"Then Alcinous told Halius and Laodamas","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κέλευσεν","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἅλιον","lemma":"Ἅλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Halius"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Λαοδάμαντα","lemma":"λαοδάμας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"Laodamas"},{"surface":"κέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b8-l371","source":"μουνὰξ ὀρχήσασθαι, ἐπεί σφισιν οὔ τις ἔριζεν.","translation":"to dance alone, since no one could rival them.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μουνὰξ","lemma":"μουνάξ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρχήσασθαι","gloss":"alone","note":"Rare adverb μουνάξ 'alone, singly', used specifically of solo dancing."},{"surface":"ὀρχήσασθαι","lemma":"ὀρχέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of κέλευσεν","gloss":"to dance"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔριζεν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔριζεν","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"ἔριζεν","lemma":"ἐρίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"rivaled"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b8-l372","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν σφαῖραν καλὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἕλοντο,","translation":"So when they had taken a fine ball in their hands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἕλοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"σφαῖραν","lemma":"σφαῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"ball"},{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σφαῖραν","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"took","note":"Middle ἕλοντο 'took for themselves'—the ball-players take up the ball for their own game."}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b8-l373","source":"πορφυρέην, τήν σφιν Πόλυβος ποίησε δαΐφρων,","translation":"a purple one, which skilled Polybus had made for them,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l373.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πορφυρέην","lemma":"πορφύρεος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σφαῖραν","gloss":"purple"},{"surface":"τήν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ποίησε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ποίησε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"Πόλυβος","lemma":"Πόλυβος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ποίησε","gloss":"Polybus"},{"surface":"ποίησε","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing σφαῖραν","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"δαΐφρων","lemma":"δαίφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πόλυβος","gloss":"skilled","note":"δαΐφρων 'wise/skilled in mind', a formulaic epithet praising craftsmanship."}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b8-l374","source":"τὴν ἕτερος ῥίπτασκε ποτὶ νέφεα σκιόεντα","translation":"the one would fling it up toward the shadowy clouds,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ῥίπτασκε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ἕτερος","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ῥίπτασκε","gloss":"one man"},{"surface":"ῥίπτασκε","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would fling","note":"Iterative -σκε suffix (ῥίπτασκε) marks repeated, habitual action—'kept flinging'."},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"νέφεα","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ποτὶ","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"σκιόεντα","lemma":"σκιόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νέφεα","gloss":"shadowy"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b8-l375","source":"ἰδνωθεὶς ὀπίσω, ὁ δʼ ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὑψόσʼ ἀερθεὶς","translation":"bending backward, and the other, leaping high from the ground,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἰδνωθεὶς","lemma":"ἰδνόομαι","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ῥίπτασκε","gloss":"bending"},{"surface":"ὀπίσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰδνωθεὶς","gloss":"backward"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μεθέλεσκε","gloss":"the other"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"χθονὸς","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀερθεὶς","gloss":"high up"},{"surface":"ἀερθεὶς","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μεθέλεσκε","gloss":"leaping","note":"Aorist passive ἀερθείς 'having been lifted'—vivid participle capturing the dancer's leap."}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b8-l376","source":"ῥηιδίως μεθέλεσκε, πάρος ποσὶν οὖδας ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"would catch it easily before his feet touched the earth again.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηιδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μεθέλεσκε","gloss":"easily"},{"surface":"μεθέλεσκε","lemma":"μεθαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would catch","note":"Another iterative -σκε form (μεθέλεσκε), pairing with ῥίπτασκε to show the repeated toss-and-catch rhythm."},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ποσὶν","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"οὖδας","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to πάρος","gloss":"touched"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b8-l377","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ σφαίρῃ ἀνʼ ἰθὺν πειρήσαντο,","translation":"And when they had tried the ball thrown straight upward,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σφαίρῃ","lemma":"σφαῖρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of πειρήσαντο","gloss":"with the ball"},{"surface":"ἀν","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"straight up"},{"surface":"ἰθὺν","lemma":"ἰθύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀν᾽","gloss":"upward course"},{"surface":"πειρήσαντο","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"tried"}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b8-l378","source":"ὠρχείσθην δὴ ἔπειτα ποτὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ","translation":"they danced then upon the bountiful earth,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὠρχείσθην","lemma":"ὀρχέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they two danced","note":"Dual number ὠρχείσθην—Greek's special form for exactly two subjects, here Halius and Laodamas dancing together."},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ποτὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"πουλυβοτείρῃ","lemma":"πουλυβότειρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies χθονὶ","gloss":"bountiful","note":"πουλυβότειρα 'much-nourishing', an epic epithet for the earth."}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b8-l379","source":"ταρφέʼ ἀμειβομένω· κοῦροι δʼ ἐπελήκεον ἄλλοι","translation":"trading places again and again; and the other young men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταρφέ","lemma":"ταρφύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμειβομένω","gloss":"again and again","note":"Adverbial ταρφέα/ταρφέ' from ταρφύς 'frequent, thick-set'—describes rapid repetition (thick-and-fast), not speed; matches the published translation's 'again and again.'"},{"surface":"ἀμειβομένω","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","role":"adverbial to ὠρχείσθην","gloss":"trading places","note":"Dual participle ἀμειβομένω 'exchanging (places)', matching the dual verb ὠρχείσθην above—the two dancers swap positions."},{"surface":"κοῦροι","lemma":"κόρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπελήκεον","gloss":"young men"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπελήκεον","lemma":"ἐπιληκέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept time","note":"ἐπιληκέω 'to beat/clap time', a rare verb for keeping rhythm at a dance."},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοῦροι","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b8-l380","source":"ἑστεῶτες κατʼ ἀγῶνα, πολὺς δʼ ὑπὸ κόμπος ὀρώρει.","translation":"standing in the ring kept time, and a great din rose up.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑστεῶτες","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπελήκεον","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀγῶνα","lemma":"ἀγών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατ᾽","gloss":"the ring"},{"surface":"πολὺς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κόμπος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"κόμπος","lemma":"κόμπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"din"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose","note":"Pluperfect ὀρώρει (from ὄρνυμι) 'had risen'—vivid perfect-stem form giving a sense of the noise already swelling."}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b8-l381","source":"δὴ τότʼ ἄρʼ Ἀλκίνοον προσεφώνεε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then noble Odysseus said to Alcinous:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσεφώνεε","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοον","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"προσεφώνεε","lemma":"προσφωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble","note":"δῖος 'godlike, noble', the standard epithet attached to Odysseus throughout the poem."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσεφώνεε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b8-l382","source":"Ἀλκίνοε κρεῖον, πάντων ἀριδείκετε λαῶν,","translation":"\"Lord Alcinous, most renowned of all the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l382.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἀριδείκετε λαῶν","title":"Most renowned of the people","body":"ἀριδείκετε is vocative, the case of direct address; λαῶν is a partitive genitive, 'foremost among the people.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοε","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"κρεῖον","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀλκίνοε","gloss":"lord"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἀριδείκετε","lemma":"ἀριδείκετος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλκίνοε","gloss":"most renowned","note":"ἀριδείκετος 'greatly distinguished', a superlative-force compound epithet used in formal address."},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀριδείκετε","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b8-l383","source":"ἠμὲν ἀπείλησας βητάρμονας εἶναι ἀρίστους,","translation":"you boasted that your dancers were the best,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀπείλησας","lemma":"ἀπειλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boasted"},{"surface":"βητάρμονας","lemma":"βητάρμων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"dancers"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἀπείλησας","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine superlative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b8-l384","source":"ἠδʼ ἄρʼ ἑτοῖμα τέτυκτο· σέβας μʼ ἔχει εἰσορόωντα.","translation":"and so it has proved true: awe holds me as I watch.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"ready/true"},{"surface":"τέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"proved","note":"Pluperfect τέτυκτο (τεύχω) 'had been made/proved'—stresses the boast's fulfillment as an accomplished fact."},{"surface":"σέβας","lemma":"σέβας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔχει","gloss":"awe"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔχει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἔχει","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντα","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies μ᾽","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b8-l385","source":"ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δʼ ἱερὸν μένος Ἀλκινόοιο,","translation":"So he spoke, and the sacred strength of Alcinous rejoiced,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"γήθησεν","lemma":"γηθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of γήθησεν","gloss":"strength","note":"'sacred might of Alcinous' is a periphrastic epic formula standing in for 'mighty Alcinous' himself."},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱερὸν","gloss":"of Alcinous"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b8-l386","source":"αἶψα δὲ Φαιήκεσσι φιληρέτμοισι μετηύδα·","translation":"and at once he spoke among the oar-loving Phaeacians:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσι","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"to the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"φιληρέτμοισι","lemma":"φιλήρετμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαιήκεσσι","gloss":"oar-loving","note":"φιλήρετμος 'oar-loving', another formulaic epithet tying the Phaeacians to seafaring."},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b8-l387","source":"κέκλυτε, Φαιήκων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες.","translation":"\"Hear me, leaders and counselors of the Phaeacians.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear","note":"κέκλυτε, a perfect-stem imperative of κλύω used as a command 'hear!'—a formulaic opening for public speeches."},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"counselors"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b8-l388","source":"ὁ ξεῖνος μάλα μοι δοκέει πεπνυμένος εἶναι.","translation":"This stranger seems to me a man of much good sense.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l388.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πεπνυμένος","title":"Of good sense","body":"A perfect participle praising shrewd, wise judgment. It marks someone whose speech and bearing show discernment."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δοκέει","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοκέει","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δοκέει","lemma":"δοκέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένος","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"wise","note":"πεπνυμένος, perfect participle of πνέω-stem 'sensible/prudent'—the standard epic term of praise for good judgment."},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δοκέει","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b8-l389","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε οἱ δῶμεν ξεινήιον, ὡς ἐπιεικές.","translation":"Come then, let us give him a guest-gift, as is fitting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶμεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δῶμεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us give","note":"Aorist subjunctive δῶμεν used as a hortatory (let's-do) form, common in Homeric exhortation."},{"surface":"ξεινήιον","lemma":"ξεινήιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δῶμεν","gloss":"guest-gift"},{"surface":"ἐπιεικές","lemma":"ἐπιεικής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fitting"}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b8-l390","source":"δώδεκα γὰρ κατὰ δῆμον ἀριπρεπέες βασιλῆες","translation":"For twelve distinguished kings throughout the land","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώδεκα","lemma":"δώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"ἀριπρεπέες","lemma":"ἀριπρεπής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βασιλῆες","gloss":"distinguished"},{"surface":"βασιλῆες","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κραίνουσι","gloss":"kings"}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b8-l391","source":"ἀρχοὶ κραίνουσι, τρισκαιδέκατος δʼ ἐγὼ αὐτός·","translation":"rule as chiefs, and I myself am the thirteenth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρχοὶ","lemma":"ἀρχός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"chiefs"},{"surface":"κραίνουσι","lemma":"κραίνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rule"},{"surface":"τρισκαιδέκατος","lemma":"τρισκαιδέκατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"thirteenth","note":"Alcinous counts himself as the 13th ruler, humbly listing himself last among the Phaeacian nobility."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"αὐτός","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b8-l392","source":"τῶν οἱ ἕκαστος φᾶρος ἐυπλυνὲς ἠδὲ χιτῶνα","translation":"Let each of you bring him a clean cloak and a tunic","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἕκαστος","gloss":"of these"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐνείκατε","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐνείκατε","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"ἐυπλυνὲς","lemma":"ἐυπλυνής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"clean-washed","note":"ἐυπλυνής 'well-washed', a compound adjective for freshly laundered cloth."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b8-l393","source":"καὶ χρυσοῖο τάλαντον ἐνείκατε τιμήεντος.","translation":"and a talent of precious gold.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρυσοῖο","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάλαντον","gloss":"of gold"},{"surface":"τάλαντον","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"a talent"},{"surface":"ἐνείκατε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring","note":"ἐνείκατε, aorist imperative supplied by φέρω's alternate stem ἐνεικ-—an irregular Homeric aorist for 'carry/bring'."},{"surface":"τιμήεντος","lemma":"τιμήεις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρυσοῖο","gloss":"precious"}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b8-l394","source":"αἶψα δὲ πάντα φέρωμεν ἀολλέα, ὄφρʼ ἐνὶ χερσὶν","translation":"Let us quickly bring it all together, so that in his hands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρωμεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φέρωμεν","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"φέρωμεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let us bring","note":"Present subjunctive φέρωμεν, hortatory 'let us bring', paired with δῶμεν earlier in Alcinous's speech."},{"surface":"ἀολλέα","lemma":"ἀολλής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gathered together"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b8-l395","source":"ξεῖνος ἔχων ἐπὶ δόρπον ἴῃ χαίρων ἐνὶ θυμῷ.","translation":"the stranger may hold it and go to supper glad at heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἴῃ","gloss":"the stranger"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴῃ","gloss":"holding it","note":"Circumstantial participle agreeing with ξεῖνος, describing manner of going."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"supper"},{"surface":"ἴῃ","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"may go","note":"εἶμι subjunctive with present force serves as future/purpose verb in Homer."},{"surface":"χαίρων","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴῃ","gloss":"rejoicing"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b8-l396","source":"Εὐρύαλος δέ ἑ αὐτὸν ἀρεσσάσθω ἐπέεσσι","translation":"And Euryalus must make amends to him with words","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Εὐρύαλος","lemma":"Εὐρύαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀρεσσάσθω","gloss":"Euryalus"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀρεσσάσθω","gloss":"him","note":"ἑ is the enclitic 3rd-person accusative pronoun, doubled by αὐτὸν for emphasis."},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ἀρεσσάσθω","lemma":"ἀρέσκω","morphology":"aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him appease","note":"3rd-singular aorist middle imperative: a command about a third party, 'let him make amends.'"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b8-l397","source":"καὶ δώρῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι ἔπος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπεν.","translation":"and a gift, since he spoke a word that was out of place.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l397.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ μοῖραν","title":"In due measure","body":"The idiom 'according to one's portion' means fittingly, properly. Negated here, οὔ ... κατὰ μοῖραν marks Euryalus's words as improper."}],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δώρῳ","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with a gift"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔειπεν","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"propriety","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν, 'according to due measure,' a common Homeric formula for fitting speech."},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he spoke"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b8-l398","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπῄνεον ἠδʼ\n                  ἐκέλευον,","translation":"So he spoke, and they all approved and urged it on,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἔφατο with dropped -ο before vowel; medio-passive φημί used actively, common formulaic verb."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐπῄνεον","lemma":"ἐπαινέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"approved"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευον","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"urged it"}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b8-l399","source":"δῶρα δʼ ἄρʼ οἰσέμεναι πρόεσαν κήρυκα ἕκαστος.","translation":"and each sent his herald to bring the gifts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of οἰσέμεναι","gloss":"the gifts"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἰσέμεναι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρόεσαν","gloss":"to bring","note":"Future infinitive expressing purpose after πρόεσαν, 'sent to fetch.'"},{"surface":"πρόεσαν","lemma":"πρόειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent forth"},{"surface":"κήρυκα","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρόεσαν","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"each man"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b8-l400","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύαλος ἀπαμείβετο φώνησέν τε·","translation":"Then Euryalus answered him and spoke:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπαμείβετο","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"Εὐρύαλος","lemma":"Εὐρύαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"Euryalus"},{"surface":"ἀπαμείβετο","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"φώνησέν","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"and spoke","note":"Formulaic pairing ἀπαμείβετο... φώνησέν τε opens many reply speeches in Homer."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b8-l401","source":"Ἀλκίνοε κρεῖον, πάντων ἀριδείκετε λαῶν,","translation":"\"Lord Alcinous, most renowned of all the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοε","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"κρεῖον","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"lord","note":"Vocative epithet address, 'lordly Alcinous,' typical of formal Homeric speech-openings."},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἀριδείκετε","lemma":"ἀριδείκετος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"most renowned"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριδείκετε","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b8-l402","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγὼ τὸν ξεῖνον ἀρέσσομαι, ὡς σὺ κελεύεις.","translation":"I will indeed make amends to the stranger, as you bid.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιγὰρ","lemma":"τοιγάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀρέσσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ξεῖνον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνον","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀρέσσομαι","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἀρέσσομαι","lemma":"ἀρέσκω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will appease","note":"Future middle of ἀρέσκω, 'I will make amends to,' picking up the imperative from l396."},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελεύεις","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κελεύεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κελεύεις","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἀρέσσομαι","gloss":"bid"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b8-l403","source":"δώσω οἱ τόδʼ ἄορ παγχάλκεον, ᾧ ἔπι κώπη","translation":"I will give him this sword, all of bronze, whose hilt","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δώσω","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will give"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄορ","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄορ","lemma":"ἄορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δώσω","gloss":"sword","note":"ἄορ is an old poetic word for sword, distinct from ξίφος used later in the passage."},{"surface":"παγχάλκεον","lemma":"παγχάλκεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄορ","gloss":"all-bronze"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon it"},{"surface":"κώπη","lemma":"κώπη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"hilt"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b8-l404","source":"ἀργυρέη, κολεὸν δὲ νεοπρίστου ἐλέφαντος","translation":"is of silver, and the scabbard of fresh-sawn ivory","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργυρέη","lemma":"ἀργύρεος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κώπη","gloss":"of silver"},{"surface":"κολεὸν","lemma":"κολεόν","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιδεδίνηται","gloss":"scabbard"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεοπρίστου","lemma":"νεόπριστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐλέφαντος","gloss":"fresh-sawn"},{"surface":"ἐλέφαντος","lemma":"ἐλέφας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κολεὸν","gloss":"ivory"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b8-l405","source":"ἀμφιδεδίνηται· πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιον ἔσται.","translation":"is fitted around it; it will be worth much to him.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφιδεδίνηται","lemma":"ἀμφιδινέομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is fitted around","note":"Perfect passive of ἀμφιδινέομαι; the ivory scabbard is worked all around the sword blade itself, not the hilt (the silver hilt was already described in the previous clause)."},{"surface":"πολέος","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄξιον","gloss":"of much value"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἄξιον","lemma":"ἄξιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worth"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b8-l406","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ τίθει ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον","translation":"So speaking, he placed the silver-studded sword in his hands","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l406.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τίθει","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he placed"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τίθει","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόηλον","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies καί","gloss":"silver-studded","note":"Compound epithet ἀργυρόηλος, 'silver-nailed,' a stock Homeric ornament for fine swords."}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b8-l407","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and, raising his voice, addressed him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσας","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"having spoken aloud"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, the classic Homeric formula 'winged words' introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b8-l408","source":"χαῖρε, πάτερ ὦ ξεῖνε· ἔπος δʼ εἴ πέρ τι βέβακται","translation":"\"Farewell, father stranger; and if some harsh word","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"farewell","note":"χαῖρε as a greeting/farewell imperative, framing the whole speech (repeated at l413)."},{"surface":"πάτερ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ξεῖνε","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"O"},{"surface":"ξεῖνε","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἔπος","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of βέβακται","gloss":"word"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πέρ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"βέβακται","lemma":"βάζω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"has been uttered","note":"Perfect passive of βάζω, 'has been spoken,' emphasizing the lingering effect of a harsh word."}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b8-l409","source":"δεινόν, ἄφαρ τὸ φέροιεν ἀναρπάξασαι ἄελλαι.","translation":"has been spoken, may the storm-winds snatch it up and carry it off.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l409.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεινόν","lemma":"δεινός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπος","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέροιεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of φέροιεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"φέροιεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may carry off","note":"Optative of wish, φέροιεν, 'may the winds sweep it away' — a vivid idiom for retracting words."},{"surface":"ἀναρπάξασαι","lemma":"ἀναρπάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to φέροιεν","gloss":"snatching up"},{"surface":"ἄελλαι","lemma":"ἄελλα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of φέροιεν","gloss":"storm-winds"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b8-l410","source":"σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ ἄλοχόν τʼ ἰδέειν καὶ πατρίδʼ ἱκέσθαι","translation":"And may the gods grant you to see your wife and reach","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δοῖεν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλοχόν","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδέειν","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατρίδ","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"homeland"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b8-l411","source":"δοῖεν, ἐπεὶ δὴ δηθὰ φίλων ἄπο πήματα πάσχεις.","translation":"your homeland, since long away from your loved ones you suffer pains.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοῖεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may they grant","note":"Aorist optative of δίδωμι, main verb of the wish begun in l410, governing the two infinitives."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δηθὰ","lemma":"δηθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πάσχεις","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"φίλων","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄπο","gloss":"loved ones"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"πήματα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχεις","gloss":"sufferings"},{"surface":"πάσχεις","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you suffer"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b8-l412","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l412.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Odysseus of many wiles","body":"The hero's signature epithet, 'of many counsels,' marks his cunning. It recurs throughout the poem in the same metrical slot."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις, Odysseus's signature epithet, marking his identity even before the name."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b8-l413","source":"καὶ σὺ φίλος μάλα χαῖρε, θεοὶ δέ τοι ὄλβια δοῖεν.","translation":"\"Farewell to you too, friend, and may the gods grant you blessings.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of χαῖρε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"φίλος","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"farewell","note":"Echoes Euryalus's own χαῖρε from l408, a courteous return greeting."},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δοῖεν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ὄλβια","lemma":"ὄλβιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δοῖεν","gloss":"blessings"},{"surface":"δοῖεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may they grant"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b8-l414","source":"μηδέ τι τοι ξίφεός γε ποθὴ μετόπισθε γένοιτο","translation":"And may you never afterward feel the lack of this sword","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l414.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to γένοιτο","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of γένοιτο","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ξίφεός","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ποθὴ","gloss":"of the sword"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ποθὴ","lemma":"ποθή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"lack","note":"ποθή, 'longing/need,' rare noun giving the idiom 'may lack of this sword never come to you.'"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γένοιτο","gloss":"hereafter"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may come"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b8-l415","source":"τούτου, ὃ δή μοι δῶκας ἀρεσσάμενος ἐπέεσσιν.","translation":"you have given me, making amends with your words.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τούτου","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφεός","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"ὃ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of δῶκας","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκας","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δῶκας","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξίφεός","gloss":"you gave"},{"surface":"ἀρεσσάμενος","lemma":"ἀρέσκω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῶκας","gloss":"having appeased","note":"Aorist middle participle of ἀρέσκω, echoing ἀρεσσάσθω/ἀρέσσομαι earlier — the reconciliation theme closes here."},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀρεσσάμενος","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b8-l416","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι θέτο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον.","translation":"He spoke, and slung the silver-studded sword about his shoulders.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke","note":"ἦ ῥα, common formula closing direct speech before narrative resumes."},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ὤμοισι","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"shoulders"},{"surface":"θέτο","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he slung"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέτο","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ἀργυρόηλον","lemma":"ἀργυρόηλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"silver-studded"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b8-l417","source":"δύσετό τʼ ἠέλιος, καὶ τῷ κλυτὰ δῶρα παρῆεν.","translation":"The sun went down, and the splendid gifts were brought to him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δύσετό","lemma":"δύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δύσετό","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρῆεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of παρῆεν","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"παρῆεν","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were arriving","note":"Imperfect of πάρειμι ('to come to hand/arrive'), used of the gifts arriving for Odysseus as the heralds deliver them."}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b8-l418","source":"καὶ τά γʼ ἐς Ἀλκινόοιο φέρον κήρυκες ἀγαυοί·","translation":"Noble heralds carried them to the house of Alcinous,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"Alcinous's house","note":"Genitive of place implying 'house,' a common Homeric ellipsis (Ἀλκινόοιο [δῶμα])."},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were carrying"},{"surface":"κήρυκες","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"heralds"},{"surface":"ἀγαυοί","lemma":"ἀγαυός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies κήρυκες","gloss":"noble"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b8-l419","source":"δεξάμενοι δʼ ἄρα παῖδες ἀμύμονος Ἀλκινόοιο","translation":"and the sons of blameless Alcinous received them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεξάμενοι","lemma":"δείκνυμι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθεσαν","gloss":"receiving"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"παῖδες","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθεσαν","gloss":"sons"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονος","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"genitive singular adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλκινόοιο","gloss":"blameless"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies παῖδες","gloss":"of Alcinous"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b8-l420","source":"μητρὶ παρʼ αἰδοίῃ ἔθεσαν περικαλλέα δῶρα.","translation":"and set the beautiful gifts beside their honored mother.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μητρὶ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of παρ᾽","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"αἰδοίῃ","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μητρὶ","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ἔθεσαν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set down"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔθεσαν","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b8-l421","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ ἱερὸν μένος Ἀλκινόοιο,","translation":"The sacred strength of Alcinous led the way for them,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἡγεμόνευ᾽","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευ","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led the way"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευ᾽","gloss":"might","note":"μένος Ἀλκινόοιο, 'the strength/might of Alcinous,' a periphrastic formula meaning simply 'mighty Alcinous.'"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Alcinous"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b8-l422","source":"ἐλθόντες δὲ καθῖζον ἐν ὑψηλοῖσι θρόνοισι.","translation":"and when they came in they sat down on high seats.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to καθῖζον","gloss":"having come"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they sat down"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ὑψηλοῖσι","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θρόνοισι","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"θρόνοισι","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"seats"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b8-l423","source":"δή ῥα τότʼ Ἀρήτην προσέφη μένος Ἀλκινόοιο·","translation":"Then the strength of Alcinous spoke to Arete:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l423.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"so, indeed"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀρήτην","lemma":"Ἀρήτη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Arete"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to","note":"πρόσφημι is a fixed formulaic verb of address, always used to introduce direct speech."},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"strength (of)","note":"μένος Ἀλκινόοιο, 'the might of Alcinous,' is a periphrasis meaning simply 'Alcinous' — a common Homeric device."},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"of Alcinous"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b8-l424","source":"δεῦρο, γύναι, φέρε χηλὸν ἀριπρεπέʼ, ἥ τις\n                     ἀρίστη·","translation":"\"Come, wife, bring out a fine chest, the very best you have,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεῦρο","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"γύναι","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wife","note":"Vocative γύναι, direct address to Arete; feminine noun of a consonant-stem type."},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bring"},{"surface":"χηλὸν","lemma":"χηλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ἀριπρεπέ","lemma":"ἀριπρεπής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χηλὸν","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"whichever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies ἥ","gloss":"any","note":"ἥ τις ἀρίστη, 'whichever is best' — indefinite relative clause, a common Homeric idiom for superlatives."},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b8-l425","source":"ἐν δʼ αὐτὴ θὲς φᾶρος ἐυπλυνὲς ἠδὲ χιτῶνα.","translation":"and put in it yourself a clean cloak and a tunic.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in (it)","note":"ἐν here is a 'tmesis' preverb separated from its verb θές (ἐν...θές, 'put in'), typical of Homeric syntax."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"θὲς","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"ἐυπλυνὲς","lemma":"ἐυπλυνής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies φᾶρος","gloss":"clean, freshly-washed"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b8-l426","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ πυρὶ χαλκὸν ἰήνατε, θέρμετε δʼ ὕδωρ,","translation":"Heat a cauldron of bronze over the fire for him, and warm water,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around","note":"ἀμφὶ οἱ, 'around him' — οἱ (dative) is governed by the preposition ἀμφὶ here, not part of a tmesis compound with ἰήνατε."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶ","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἰήνατε","gloss":"over fire"},{"surface":"χαλκὸν","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰήνατε","gloss":"bronze (cauldron)"},{"surface":"ἰήνατε","lemma":"ἰαίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heat"},{"surface":"θέρμετε","lemma":"θέρμω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of θέρμετε","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b8-l427","source":"ὄφρα λοεσσάμενός τε ἰδών τʼ ἐὺ κείμενα πάντα","translation":"so that, when he has bathed and seen all neatly laid out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"λοεσσάμενός","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"having bathed"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδών","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"having seen","note":"εἶδον supplies the aorist of ὁράω, a common Greek suppletive pair worth flagging for learners."},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείμενα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κείμενα","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"lying, laid out"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b8-l428","source":"δῶρα, τά οἱ Φαίηκες ἀμύμονες ἐνθάδʼ ἔνεικαν,","translation":"the gifts the blameless Phaeacians have brought him here,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδών","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἀμύμονες","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαίηκες","gloss":"blameless","note":"ἀμύμων is a stock Homeric epithet applied broadly to peoples and heroes, meaning 'faultless, noble.'"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔνεικαν","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἔνεικαν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"brought","note":"ἔνεικαν is an athematic aorist of φέρω, a suppletive form distinct from the present stem."}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b8-l429","source":"δαιτί τε τέρπηται καὶ ἀοιδῆς ὕμνον ἀκούων.","translation":"he may delight in the feast and in hearing the song's strains.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιτί","lemma":"δαίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in the feast"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέρπηται","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may delight"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδῆς","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"of the song"},{"surface":"ὕμνον","lemma":"ὕμνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούων","gloss":"strain, hymn"},{"surface":"ἀκούων","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τέρπηται","gloss":"hearing"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b8-l430","source":"καί οἱ ἐγὼ τόδʼ ἄλεισον ἐμὸν περικαλλὲς ὀπάσσω,","translation":"And I will give him this lovely cup of my own,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀπάσσω","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀπάσσω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἄλεισον","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἄλεισον","lemma":"ἄλεισον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὀπάσσω","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλεισον","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"περικαλλὲς","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλεισον","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"ὀπάσσω","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will give","note":"ὀπάσσω, future of ὀπάζω, 'bestow' — a gift-giving verb often used of prized possessions passed between hosts and guests."}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b8-l431","source":"χρύσεον, ὄφρʼ ἐμέθεν μεμνημένος ἤματα πάντα","translation":"of gold, so that, remembering me all his days,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρύσεον","lemma":"χρύσεος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλεισον","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἐμέθεν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μεμνημένος","gloss":"of me","note":"ἐμέθεν, an archaic genitive of ἐγώ used only in epic, governed by μεμνημένος ('mindful of')."},{"surface":"μεμνημένος","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σπένδῃ","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to μεμνημένος","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b8-l432","source":"σπένδῃ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ Διί τʼ ἄλλοισίν τε θεοῖσιν.","translation":"he may pour libations in his hall to Zeus and the other gods.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπένδῃ","lemma":"σπένδω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"may pour libation"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάρῳ","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"Διί","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοισίν","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσιν","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοῖσιν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gods"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b8-l433","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀρήτη δὲ μετὰ δμῳῇσιν ἔειπεν","translation":"So he spoke, and Arete told her serving women","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔφατ᾽ (φημί) is a mediopassive-form imperfect used actively — common in Homer for verbs of speaking."},{"surface":"Ἀρήτη","lemma":"Ἀρήτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔειπεν","gloss":"Arete"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"δμῳῇσιν","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"serving-women"},{"surface":"ἔειπεν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"told, said"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b8-l434","source":"ἀμφὶ πυρὶ στῆσαι τρίποδα μέγαν ὅττι τάχιστα.","translation":"to set a great tripod over the fire as fast as they could.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around, over"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"the fire"},{"surface":"στῆσαι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἔειπεν","gloss":"to set"},{"surface":"τρίποδα","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of στῆσαι","gloss":"tripod"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τάχιστα","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στῆσαι","gloss":"quickest","note":"ὅττι τάχιστα, 'as quickly as possible' — a fixed Homeric idiom pairing ὅττι with a superlative."}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b8-l435","source":"αἱ δὲ λοετροχόον τρίποδʼ ἵστασαν ἐν πυρὶ κηλέῳ,","translation":"And they set a tripod for heating bath-water over the blazing fire,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l435.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"they (women)"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λοετροχόον","lemma":"λουτροχόος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τρίποδ᾽","gloss":"bath-heating"},{"surface":"τρίποδ","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵστασαν","gloss":"tripod"},{"surface":"ἵστασαν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"κηλέῳ","lemma":"κήλεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b8-l436","source":"ἔν δʼ ἄρʼ ὕδωρ ἔχεαν, ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα δαῖον ἑλοῦσαι.","translation":"poured water into it, and took up wood and kindled it beneath.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in","note":"ἔν...ἔχεαν is tmesis: 'poured in.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχεαν","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ἔχεαν","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξύλα","lemma":"ξύλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δαῖον","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"δαῖον","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kindled"},{"surface":"ἑλοῦσαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to δαῖον","gloss":"having taken"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b8-l437","source":"γάστρην μὲν τρίποδος πῦρ ἄμφεπε, θέρμετο δʼ ὕδωρ·","translation":"The fire wrapped the belly of the tripod, and the water grew warm.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l437.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γάστρην","lemma":"γάστρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἄμφεπε","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τρίποδος","lemma":"τρίπους","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γάστρην","gloss":"of tripod"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἄμφεπε","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἄμφεπε","lemma":"ἀμφιέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"enveloped","note":"ἀμφιέπω, 'busy itself around,' vividly used of fire wrapping the cauldron's belly."},{"surface":"θέρμετο","lemma":"θέρμω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew warm"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of θέρμετο","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b8-l438","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀρήτη ξείνῳ περικαλλέα χηλὸν","translation":"Meanwhile Arete brought out for the stranger a beautiful chest","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξέφερεν","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἀρήτη","lemma":"Ἀρήτη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"Arete"},{"surface":"ξείνῳ","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέφερεν","gloss":"for the stranger"},{"surface":"περικαλλέα","lemma":"περικαλλής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χηλὸν","gloss":"very beautiful"},{"surface":"χηλὸν","lemma":"χηλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέφερεν","gloss":"chest"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b8-l439","source":"ἐξέφερεν θαλάμοιο, τίθει δʼ ἐνὶ κάλλιμα δῶρα,","translation":"from the chamber, and laid in it the splendid gifts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέφερεν","lemma":"ἐκφέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought out"},{"surface":"θαλάμοιο","lemma":"θάλαμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέφερεν","gloss":"from chamber"},{"surface":"τίθει","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was placing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in (it)"},{"surface":"κάλλιμα","lemma":"κάλλιμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"lovely"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b8-l440","source":"ἐσθῆτα χρυσόν τε, τά οἱ Φαίηκες ἔδωκαν·","translation":"the clothing and the gold, which the Phaeacians had given him.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθῆτα","lemma":"ἐσθής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"clothing"},{"surface":"χρυσόν","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκαν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies Φαίηκες","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"Φαίηκες","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκαν","gloss":"Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἔδωκαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"had given"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b8-l441","source":"ἐν δʼ αὐτὴ φᾶρος θῆκεν καλόν τε χιτῶνα,","translation":"and she herself laid in it a fine cloak and tunic,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"in (it)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"she herself"},{"surface":"φᾶρος","lemma":"φᾶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"θῆκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed"},{"surface":"καλόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χιτῶνα","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b8-l442","source":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and she spoke to him, addressing him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l442.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα","title":"Winged words formula","body":"A standard Homeric speech-introduction formula. The aorist participle φωνήσασα (having spoken up) and the imperfect προσηύδα (addressed) frame the words."}],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"having spoken"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words,' is one of Homer's most famous stock formulas for speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b8-l443","source":"αὐτὸς νῦν ἴδε πῶμα, θοῶς δʼ ἐπὶ δεσμὸν\n                     ἴηλον,","translation":"\"See to the lid yourself now, and quickly throw a binding over it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"see to"},{"surface":"πῶμα","lemma":"πῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"lid"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴηλον","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δεσμὸν","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴηλον","gloss":"binding cord"},{"surface":"ἴηλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"throw","note":"ἴηλον (ἰάλλω), 'cast, fasten' — vivid verb for tying the cord over the chest's lid."}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b8-l444","source":"μή τίς τοι καθʼ ὁδὸν δηλήσεται, ὁππότʼ ἂν αὖτε","translation":"so that no one may harm you on the way, when later","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δηλήσεται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δηλήσεται","gloss":"you (dat.)"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ᾽","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"δηλήσεται","lemma":"δηλέομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"may harm","note":"μή...δηλήσεται is a fear-clause (subjunctive of apprehension), 'lest someone harm you.'"},{"surface":"ὁππότ","lemma":"ὁπότε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕδῃσθα","gloss":"again, later"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b8-l445","source":"εὕδῃσθα γλυκὺν ὕπνον ἰὼν ἐν νηὶ μελαίνῃ.","translation":"you sleep sweet sleep as you travel in the black ship.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕδῃσθα","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὁππότ᾽","gloss":"you sleep"},{"surface":"γλυκὺν","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνον","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνον","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὕδῃσθα","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εὕδῃσθα","gloss":"going, traveling"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μελαίνῃ","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὶ","gloss":"black","note":"νηὶ μελαίνῃ, 'black ship,' a recurring Homeric epithet for the pitch-tarred hulls."}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b8-l446","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"Now when much-enduring noble Odysseus heard this,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l446.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Much-enduring Odysseus","body":"A recurring epithet-formula for Odysseus, marking him as the man who has borne much suffering."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τό","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσε","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄκουσε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b8-l447","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐπήρτυε πῶμα, θοῶς δʼ ἐπὶ δεσμὸν ἴηλεν","translation":"at once he fitted the lid on, and quickly threw over it a binding,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπήρτυε","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐπήρτυε","lemma":"ἐπαρτύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fitted on"},{"surface":"πῶμα","lemma":"πῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπήρτυε","gloss":"lid"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴηλεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"δεσμὸν","lemma":"δεσμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἴηλεν","gloss":"binding cord"},{"surface":"ἴηλεν","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw, tied"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b8-l448","source":"ποικίλον, ὅν ποτέ μιν δέδαε φρεσὶ πότνια Κίρκη·","translation":"an intricate one, which once the lady Circe had taught him in his mind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ποικίλον","lemma":"ποικίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δεσμὸν","gloss":"intricate","note":"ποικίλον δεσμὸν, 'intricate knot,' recalling Circe's teaching — a small narrative callback to Odyssean cunning."},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέδαε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to δέδαε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δέδαε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δέδαε","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δεσμὸν","gloss":"had taught","note":"δέδαε, perfect of δαίω ('teach'), distinct in form from the homonymous δαίω 'kindle' seen in l436/448."},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to δέδαε","gloss":"in mind"},{"surface":"πότνια","lemma":"πότνια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Κίρκη","gloss":"lady"},{"surface":"Κίρκη","lemma":"Κίρκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέδαε","gloss":"Circe"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b8-l449","source":"αὐτόδιον δʼ ἄρα μιν ταμίη λούσασθαι ἀνώγει","translation":"Then the housekeeper bade him go straightway to bathe,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτόδιον","lemma":"αὐτόδιον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀνώγει","gloss":"straightway"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λούσασθαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀνώγει","gloss":"housekeeper"},{"surface":"λούσασθαι","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἀνώγει","gloss":"to bathe"},{"surface":"ἀνώγει","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bade"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b8-l450","source":"ἔς ῥʼ ἀσάμινθον βάνθʼ· ὁ δʼ ἄρ ἀσπασίως ἴδε θυμῷ","translation":"and he stepped into the tub; and gladly he saw in his heart","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀσάμινθον","lemma":"ἀσάμινθος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔς","gloss":"tub"},{"surface":"βάνθ","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λούσασθαι","gloss":"having stepped"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴδε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀσπασίως","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"ἴδε","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἴδε","gloss":"in heart"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b8-l451","source":"θερμὰ λοέτρʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι κομιζόμενός γε θάμιζεν,","translation":"the warm baths, since he had not often been so tended,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θερμὰ","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies λοέτρ᾽","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"λοέτρ","lemma":"λουτρόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἴδε","gloss":"baths"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to θάμιζεν","gloss":"at all","note":"τι here is adverbial accusative ('in no respect'), not the pronoun 'something.'"},{"surface":"κομιζόμενός","lemma":"κομίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of θάμιζεν","gloss":"being tended"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θάμιζεν","lemma":"θαμίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"was accustomed"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b8-l452","source":"ἐπεὶ δὴ λίπε δῶμα Καλυψοῦς ἠυκόμοιο.","translation":"ever since he had left the home of fair-haired Calypso.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he left"},{"surface":"δῶμα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of λίπε","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"Καλυψοῦς","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies δῶμα","gloss":"of Calypso"},{"surface":"ἠυκόμοιο","lemma":"εὔκομος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καλυψοῦς","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"ἠυκόμοιο is a fixed epic epithet for goddesses, 'lovely-haired' — formulaic, not situational praise."}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b8-l453","source":"τόφρα δέ οἱ κομιδή γε θεῷ ὣς ἔμπεδος ἦεν.","translation":"All that while his care had been constant, as for a god.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"all that time"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κομιδή","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"κομιδή","lemma":"κομιδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"care, tending"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as a god"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ἔμπεδος","lemma":"ἔμπεδος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"steadfast"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had been"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b8-l454","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δμῳαὶ λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ,","translation":"Now when the handmaids had washed him and anointed him with oil,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l454.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δμῳαὶ","lemma":"δμωή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of δέ","gloss":"handmaids"},{"surface":"λοῦσαν","lemma":"λούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"had bathed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χρῖσαν","lemma":"χρίω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"had anointed"},{"surface":"ἐλαίῳ","lemma":"ἔλαιον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χρῖσαν","gloss":"with oil"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b8-l455","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ μιν χλαῖναν καλὴν βάλον ἠδὲ χιτῶνα,","translation":"and had thrown a fine cloak about him and a tunic,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l455.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφὶ","gloss":"him","note":"μιν, the enclitic 3rd-person pronoun common in Homer, replacing αὐτόν."},{"surface":"χλαῖναν","lemma":"χλαῖνα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"καλὴν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies χλαῖναν","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"βάλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"they threw"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χιτῶνα","lemma":"χιτών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"tunic"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b8-l456","source":"ἔκ ῥʼ ἀσαμίνθου βὰς ἄνδρας μέτα οἰνοποτῆρας","translation":"he stepped out of the tub and went toward the men who were drinking wine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀσαμίνθου","lemma":"ἀσάμινθος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκ","gloss":"the tub"},{"surface":"βὰς","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤιε","gloss":"stepping"},{"surface":"ἄνδρας","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μέτα","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"μέτα","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward","note":"μέτα is anastrophe (postposed) for μετά, shifting the accent — common Homeric word order with prepositions."},{"surface":"οἰνοποτῆρας","lemma":"οἰνοποτήρ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρας","gloss":"wine-drinkers"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b8-l457","source":"ἤιε· Ναυσικάα δὲ θεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσα","translation":"And Nausicaa, holding beauty given by the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤιε","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he went"},{"surface":"Ναυσικάα","lemma":"Ναυσικάα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καί","gloss":"Nausicaa"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄπο","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κάλλος","lemma":"κάλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσα","gloss":"beauty"},{"surface":"ἔχουσα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"modifies Ναυσικάα","gloss":"having","note":"θεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσα, 'holding beauty from the gods' — beauty framed as a divine gift, not innate."}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b8-l458","source":"στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,","translation":"stood by the doorpost of the strongly-built hall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στῆ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she stood"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"σταθμὸν","lemma":"σταθμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"doorpost"},{"surface":"τέγεος","lemma":"τέγος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies σταθμὸν","gloss":"of the roofed hall"},{"surface":"πύκα","lemma":"πύκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"stoutly"},{"surface":"ποιητοῖο","lemma":"ποιητός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέγεος","gloss":"well-built"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b8-l459","source":"θαύμαζεν δʼ Ὀδυσῆα ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶσα,","translation":"and she marveled at Odysseus, gazing at him with her eyes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θαύμαζεν","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"she marveled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of θαύμαζεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ὁρῶσα","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to θαύμαζεν","gloss":"looking"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b8-l460","source":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·","translation":"and she spoke to him, addressing him with winged words:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l460.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"φωνήσασ","lemma":"φωνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to προσηύδα","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προσηύδα","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντα","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words' is one of Homer's most famous formulas, introducing direct speech."},{"surface":"προσηύδα","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b8-l461","source":"χαῖρε, ξεῖνʼ, ἵνα καί ποτʼ ἐὼν ἐν πατρίδι\n                     γαίῃ","translation":"\"Farewell, stranger, so that one day, when you are in your native land,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l461.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"χαῖρε","title":"Imperative of greeting","body":"χαῖρε is a present imperative used as a parting wish, literally \"rejoice,\" idiomatically \"farewell.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"farewell"},{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἐὼν","gloss":"someday"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μνήσῃ","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πατρίδι","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b8-l462","source":"μνήσῃ ἐμεῦ, ὅτι μοι πρώτῃ ζωάγριʼ ὀφέλλεις.","translation":"you may remember me, since to me first you owe the price of your life.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μνήσῃ","lemma":"μιμνήσκω","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"you may remember","note":"μνήσῃ, aorist subjunctive of μιμνήσκω, in a purpose clause with ἵνα — 'so that you may remember.'"},{"surface":"ἐμεῦ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὅτι","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of ὀφέλλεις","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πρώτῃ","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ζωάγρι","lemma":"ζωάγρια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὀφέλλεις","gloss":"life-price","note":"ζωάγρια, 'ransom/reward for a life saved' — a rare compound noun tied to this specific rescue scene."},{"surface":"ὀφέλλεις","lemma":"ὀφέλλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ὅτι","gloss":"you owe"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b8-l463","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς.","translation":"Answering her, Odysseus of many counsels said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l463.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς","title":"Odysseus of many counsels","body":"πολύμητις (\"of many devices/counsels\") is Odysseus' signature epithet, marking his cleverness and resourcefulness."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς is the recurring epic formula for Odysseus, 'of many counsels/wiles.'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b8-l464","source":"Ναυσικάα θύγατερ μεγαλήτορος Ἀλκινόοιο,","translation":"\"Nausicaa, daughter of great-hearted Alkinoos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ναυσικάα","lemma":"Ναυσικάα","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Nausicaa"},{"surface":"θύγατερ","lemma":"θυγάτηρ","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"daughter"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορος","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀλκινόοιο","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀλκινόοιο","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θύγατερ","gloss":"of Alkinoos"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b8-l465","source":"οὕτω νῦν Ζεὺς θείη, ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης,","translation":"may Zeus so grant it now, the loud-thundering husband of Hera,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l465.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"θείη","title":"Optative of wish","body":"θείη is the aorist optative of τίθημι, expressing a wish: \"may he so grant.\" The optative is Homer's regular mood for prayers."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θείη","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to θείη","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"θείη","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may he grant","note":"θείη, aorist optative of τίθημι, expressing a wish ('may Zeus grant it so')."},{"surface":"ἐρίγδουπος","lemma":"ἐρίγδουπος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"loud-thundering"},{"surface":"πόσις","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"Ἥρης","lemma":"Ἥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πόσις","gloss":"of Hera"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b8-l466","source":"οἴκαδέ τʼ ἐλθέμεναι καὶ νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι·","translation":"that I reach home and see the day of my return;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδέ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθέμεναι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to come","note":"ἐλθέμεναι is the epic infinitive ending -μεναι, an alternate to -ειν used for meter."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νόστιμον","lemma":"νόστιμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"of return"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to see"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b8-l467","source":"τῷ κέν τοι καὶ κεῖθι θεῷ ὣς εὐχετοῴμην","translation":"then there too I would pray to you as to a goddess","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of εὐχετοῴμην","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"κεῖθι","lemma":"ἐκεῖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὐχετοῴμην","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"θεῷ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"as a god"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εὐχετοῴμην","lemma":"εὐχετάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would pray","note":"εὐχετοῴμην, present optative of εὐχετάομαι, expressing a wish/potential action — 'I would pray to you.'"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b8-l468","source":"αἰεὶ ἤματα πάντα· σὺ γάρ μʼ ἐβιώσαο, κούρη.","translation":"always, all my days; for you gave me back my life, maiden.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὐχετοῴμην","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to εὐχετοῴμην","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ἐβιώσαο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐβιώσαο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐβιώσαο","lemma":"βιώσκομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave life to","note":"ἐβιώσαο, aorist middle of βιώσκομαι, 'you brought me back to life' — Odysseus crediting Nausicaa as his savior."},{"surface":"κούρη","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"vocative singular feminine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"maiden"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b8-l469","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἐς θρόνον ἷζε παρʼ Ἀλκίνοον βασιλῆα·","translation":"He spoke, and sat down on a chair beside King Alkinoos.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"θρόνον","lemma":"θρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"chair"},{"surface":"ἷζε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sat"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοον","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρ᾽","gloss":"Alkinoos"},{"surface":"βασιλῆα","lemma":"βασιλεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀλκίνοον","gloss":"king"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b8-l470","source":"οἱ δʼ ἤδη μοίρας τʼ ἔνεμον κερόωντό τε οἶνον.","translation":"And by now they were portioning out the meat and mixing the wine.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"μοίρας","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔνεμον","gloss":"portions"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνεμον","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were serving out"},{"surface":"κερόωντό","lemma":"κεράω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were mixing","note":"κερόωντο, uncontracted/distended imperfect middle form of κεράννυμι, typical epic lengthening for meter."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κερόωντό","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b8-l471","source":"κῆρυξ δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθεν ἄγων ἐρίηρον ἀοιδόν,","translation":"A herald came near leading the trusty bard,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦλθεν","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦλθεν","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ἄγων","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"leading"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρον","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδόν","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἀοιδόν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"bard","note":"ἐρίηρον ἀοιδόν, 'trusty bard,' epithet marking Demodokos as a stock, honored epic figure."}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b8-l472","source":"Δημόδοκον λαοῖσι τετιμένον· εἷσε δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτὸν","translation":"Demodokos, honored by the people; and he set him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l472.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δημόδοκον","lemma":"Δημόδοκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Demodokos"},{"surface":"λαοῖσι","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τετιμένον","gloss":"by the people"},{"surface":"τετιμένον","lemma":"τίω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies Δημόδοκον","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"εἷσε","lemma":"ἵζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of εἷσε","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b8-l473","source":"μέσσῳ δαιτυμόνων, πρὸς κίονα μακρὸν ἐρείσας.","translation":"in the midst of the banqueters, propping him against a tall pillar.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μέσσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of εἷσε","gloss":"in the midst"},{"surface":"δαιτυμόνων","lemma":"δαιτυμών","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies μέσσῳ","gloss":"of the banqueters"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"κίονα","lemma":"κίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"pillar"},{"surface":"μακρὸν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κίονα","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"ἐρείσας","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷσε","gloss":"having propped"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b8-l474","source":"δὴ τότε κήρυκα προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς,","translation":"Then Odysseus of many counsels spoke to the herald,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κήρυκα","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b8-l475","source":"νώτου ἀποπροταμών, ἐπὶ δὲ πλεῖον ἐλέλειπτο,","translation":"cutting off a slice from the chine, with the greater part still left,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νώτου","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποπροταμών","gloss":"of the chine"},{"surface":"ἀποπροταμών","lemma":"ἀποπροτέμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"cutting off"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλεῖον","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"subject of ἐλέλειπτο","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ἐλέλειπτο","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was left","note":"ἐλέλειπτο, pluperfect passive of λείπω, marking a state resulting from a prior action — 'had been left.'"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b8-l476","source":"ἀργιόδοντος ὑός, θαλερὴ δʼ ἦν ἀμφὶς ἀλοιφή·","translation":"from a white-tusked boar, and rich fat was on both sides of it:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l476.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀργιόδοντος","lemma":"ἀργιόδους","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὑός","gloss":"white-tusked"},{"surface":"ὑός","lemma":"ὗς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νώτου","gloss":"boar"},{"surface":"θαλερὴ","lemma":"θαλερός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλοιφή","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦν","gloss":"on both sides"},{"surface":"ἀλοιφή","lemma":"ἀλοιφή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"fat"}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b8-l477","source":"κῆρυξ, τῆ δή, τοῦτο πόρε κρέας, ὄφρα\n                     φάγῃσιν,","translation":"\"Herald, come, hand this meat over, so that he may eat,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"τῆ","lemma":"τῆ","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"here, take this","note":"τῆ is a frozen imperative interjection ('here! take!'), used only with a following command."},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοῦτο","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέας","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"πόρε","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"κρέας","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"φάγῃσιν","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"he may eat"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b8-l478","source":"Δημοδόκῳ· καί μιν προσπτύξομαι ἀχνύμενός περ·","translation":"to Demodokos; and I will greet him warmly, grieved though I am.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δημοδόκῳ","lemma":"Δημόδοκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόρε","gloss":"to Demodokos"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσπτύξομαι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"προσπτύξομαι","lemma":"ποτιπτύσσω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will greet"},{"surface":"ἀχνύμενός","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσπτύξομαι","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"though","note":"περ concessive: 'ἀχνύμενός περ' = 'grieved though I am' — postpositive particle stressing the preceding participle."}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b8-l479","source":"πᾶσι γὰρ ἀνθρώποισιν ἐπιχθονίοισιν ἀοιδοὶ","translation":"For among all men who live upon the earth the bards","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώποισιν","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπιχθονίοισιν","lemma":"ἐπιχθόνιος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώποισιν","gloss":"earth-dwelling","note":"epic compound epithet: ἐπί+χθών, 'upon-the-earth', formulaic of mortals"},{"surface":"ἀοιδοὶ","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσι","gloss":"bards"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b8-l480","source":"τιμῆς ἔμμοροί εἰσι καὶ αἰδοῦς, οὕνεκʼ ἄρα σφέας","translation":"have their share of honor and respect, because the Muse","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τιμῆς","lemma":"τιμή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of honor"},{"surface":"ἔμμοροί","lemma":"ἔμμορος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"share, allotted","note":"ἔμμορος 'having a share' governs the genitive τιμῆς/αἰδοῦς, root shared with μοῖρα 'fate/portion'"},{"surface":"εἰσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰδοῦς","lemma":"αἰδώς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of respect"},{"surface":"οὕνεκ","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"σφέας","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐδίδαξε","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b8-l481","source":"οἴμας μοῦσʼ ἐδίδαξε, φίλησε δὲ φῦλον ἀοιδῶν.","translation":"has taught them paths of song, and she loves the tribe of bards.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴμας","lemma":"οἴμη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐδίδαξε","gloss":"paths of song","note":"οἴμη 'song-path', a rare word for the epic singer's route through a tale"},{"surface":"μοῦσ","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐδίδαξε","gloss":"the Muse"},{"surface":"ἐδίδαξε","lemma":"διδάσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"taught"},{"surface":"φίλησε","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"loved"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φῦλον","lemma":"φῦλον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φίλησε","gloss":"tribe, race"},{"surface":"ἀοιδῶν","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies φῦλον","gloss":"of bards"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b8-l482","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, κῆρυξ δὲ φέρων ἐν χερσὶν ἔθηκεν","translation":"So he spoke, and the herald carried it and put it in the hands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l482.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφη","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἔφη is the Homeric imperfect indicative of φημί (φημί lacks a distinct aorist stem, so this imperfect form carries simple-past sense); it is the standard speech-formula 'thus he spoke'"},{"surface":"κῆρυξ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"the herald"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκεν","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"placed, put"}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b8-l483","source":"ἥρῳ Δημοδόκῳ· ὁ δʼ ἐδέξατο, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ.","translation":"of the hero Demodokos; and he received it, and rejoiced in his heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥρῳ","lemma":"ἥρως","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Δημοδόκῳ","gloss":"hero","note":"ἥρῳ in apposition to Δημοδόκῳ, honorific title for the bard"},{"surface":"Δημοδόκῳ","lemma":"Δημόδοκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερσὶν","gloss":"Demodokos"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδέξατο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"χαῖρε","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rejoiced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to χαῖρε","gloss":"in heart","note":"dative of respect/location, 'in his θυμός', idiomatic for inner feeling"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b8-l484","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.","translation":"Then they reached out their hands to the good things lying ready before them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l484.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον","title":"Feasting formula","body":"A formulaic line repeated at feasts. προκείμενα is a present middle participle (\"lying set before them\") modifying the good things."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ὀνείαθ","lemma":"ὄνειαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"good things, food","note":"ὄνειαρ 'thing of benefit', epic word for nourishing food"},{"surface":"ἑτοῖμα","lemma":"ἑτοῖμος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"ready"},{"surface":"προκείμενα","lemma":"πρόκειμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"modifies ὀνείαθ᾽","gloss":"lying before"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλον","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλον","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reached out","note":"ἴαλλον, vivid verb 'sent/darted' their hands, not a plain 'put'"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b8-l485","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,","translation":"But when they had put away their desire for drink and food,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l485.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο","title":"Put away desire","body":"ἕντο is the aorist middle of ἵημι; the idiom literally \"sent out the desire,\" i.e. satisfied their appetite. A fixed feast-formula."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"πόσιος","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of drink"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐδητύος","lemma":"ἐδητύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of food"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"away, out","note":"ἐξ intensifies ἕντο 'sent away'; ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο is a fixed Homeric formula 'put away desire'"},{"surface":"ἔρον","lemma":"ἔρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἕντο","gloss":"desire"},{"surface":"ἕντο","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"put away, sated"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b8-l486","source":"δὴ τότε Δημόδοκον προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"then Odysseus of many counsels spoke to Demodokos:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Δημόδοκον","lemma":"Δημόδοκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"Demodokos"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"resourceful","note":"πολύμητις, standing epithet of Odysseus, 'of many wiles/counsels'"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b8-l487","source":"Δημόδοκʼ, ἔξοχα δή σε βροτῶν αἰνίζομʼ\n                     ἁπάντων.","translation":"\"Demodokos, beyond all mortals I praise you.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δημόδοκ","lemma":"δημόδοκος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Demodokos"},{"surface":"ἔξοχα","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἰνίζομ᾽","gloss":"beyond all","note":"ἔξοχα 'exceedingly', adverb marking superlative praise, common in Homeric compliments"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of αἰνίζομ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies σε","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"αἰνίζομ","lemma":"αἰνίζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I praise"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βροτῶν","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b8-l488","source":"ἢ σέ γε μοῦσʼ ἐδίδαξε, Διὸς πάϊς, ἢ σέ γʼ Ἀπόλλων·","translation":"Either the Muse, daughter of Zeus, taught you, or Apollo;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐδίδαξε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοῦσ","lemma":"Μοῦσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the Muse"},{"surface":"ἐδίδαξε","lemma":"διδάσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"taught"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughter","note":"πάϊς here feminine 'daughter', in apposition to Μοῦσ(α), Muse as Zeus's daughter"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλων","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Apollo"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b8-l489","source":"λίην γὰρ κατὰ κόσμον Ἀχαιῶν οἶτον ἀείδεις,","translation":"for in fitting order you sing the doom of the Achaeans,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l489.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κατὰ κόσμον","title":"In fitting order","body":"κόσμος here means due arrangement or proper order. Odysseus praises the bard for singing accurately and in the right sequence, as if he were an eyewitness."}],"words":[{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀείδεις","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"order, fitting way","note":"κατὰ κόσμον 'in proper order', formulaic praise for well-structured speech or song"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶτον","gloss":"of the Achaeans"},{"surface":"οἶτον","lemma":"οἶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"fate, doom"},{"surface":"ἀείδεις","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you sing"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b8-l490","source":"ὅσσʼ ἔρξαν τʼ ἔπαθόν τε καὶ ὅσσʼ ἐμόγησαν Ἀχαιοί,","translation":"all that the Achaeans did and suffered, and all the toils they endured,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"ἔρξαν","lemma":"ἔργω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"they did"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπαθόν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"they suffered"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐμόγησαν","gloss":"all that"},{"surface":"ἐμόγησαν","lemma":"μογέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"they toiled"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοί","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b8-l491","source":"ὥς τέ που ἢ αὐτὸς παρεὼν ἢ ἄλλου ἀκούσας.","translation":"as though somehow you had been there yourself, or heard it from another.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"παρεὼν","lemma":"πάρειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being present"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἄλλου","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀκούσας","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἀκούσας","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having heard","note":"contrasts with αὐτὸς παρεὼν 'being present himself' — ἀκούσας marks secondhand report (learning it from someone else), not firsthand/eyewitness knowledge"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b8-l492","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ μετάβηθι καὶ ἵππου κόσμον ἄεισον","translation":"But come now, change your theme and sing of the building of the horse,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μετάβηθι","lemma":"μεταβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"change theme","note":"μετάβηθι 'step over/change', imperative asking the bard to shift to a new episode"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἵππου","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κόσμον","gloss":"of the horse"},{"surface":"κόσμον","lemma":"κόσμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἄεισον","gloss":"building, design"},{"surface":"ἄεισον","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sing"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b8-l493","source":"δουρατέου, τὸν Ἐπειὸς ἐποίησεν σὺν Ἀθήνῃ,","translation":"the wooden one, which Epeios made with Athena's help,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l493.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουρατέου","lemma":"δουράτεος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"wooden"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐποίησεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Ἐπειὸς","lemma":"Ἐπειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἐποίησεν","gloss":"Epeios"},{"surface":"ἐποίησεν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνῃ","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b8-l494","source":"ὅν ποτʼ ἐς ἀκρόπολιν δόλον ἤγαγε δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"which once noble Odysseus brought as a trick up to the citadel,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ποτ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγε","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀκρόπολιν","lemma":"ἀκρόπολις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"δόλον","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"as a trick","note":"δόλον in apposition/adverbial, 'as a trick', marking the horse's true purpose"},{"surface":"ἤγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"δῖος","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεὺς","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤγαγε","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b8-l495","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἐμπλήσας οἵ ῥʼ Ἴλιον ἐξαλάπαξαν.","translation":"having filled it with the men who then sacked Ilion.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐμπλήσας","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἐμπλήσας","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγε","gloss":"having filled"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξαλάπαξαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἆρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ἴλιον","lemma":"Ἴλιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξαλάπαξαν","gloss":"Ilion, Troy"},{"surface":"ἐξαλάπαξαν","lemma":"ἐξαλαπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"sacked"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b8-l496","source":"αἴ κεν δή μοι ταῦτα κατὰ μοῖραν καταλέξῃς,","translation":"If you recount these things for me in fitting order,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξῃς","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"ταῦτα","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of καταλέξῃς","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"fitting order"},{"surface":"καταλέξῃς","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"you recount"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b8-l497","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐγὼ πᾶσιν μυθήσομαι ἀνθρώποισιν,","translation":"at once I will tell among all men","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μυθήσομαι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μυθήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώποισιν","gloss":"to all"},{"surface":"μυθήσομαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισιν","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μυθήσομαι","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b8-l498","source":"ὡς ἄρα τοι πρόφρων θεὸς ὤπασε θέσπιν ἀοιδήν.","translation":"how a gracious god has granted you inspired song.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then, indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ὤπασε","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ὤπασε","gloss":"gracious","note":"πρόφρων 'kindly-minded', epithet describing the god's willing favor"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤπασε","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"ὤπασε","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"θέσπιν","lemma":"θέσπις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀοιδήν","gloss":"divine, inspired"},{"surface":"ἀοιδήν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὤπασε","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b8-l499","source":"ὣς φάθʼ, ὁ δʼ ὁρμηθεὶς θεοῦ ἤρχετο, φαῖνε δʼ\n                  ἀοιδήν,","translation":"So he spoke, and the bard, stirred by the god, began, and let his song shine out,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l499.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ὁρμηθεὶς θεοῦ","title":"Aorist passive participle","body":"ὁρμηθείς is an aorist passive participle (\"having been set in motion, impelled\"); θεοῦ is a genitive of source — impelled by the god."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"φάθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤρχετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁρμηθεὶς","lemma":"ὁρμάω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤρχετο","gloss":"stirred, urged on","note":"ὁρμηθεὶς passive, 'set in motion by the god', describing divine poetic inspiration"},{"surface":"θεοῦ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὁρμηθεὶς","gloss":"of the god"},{"surface":"ἤρχετο","lemma":"ἄρχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"began"},{"surface":"φαῖνε","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed forth"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀοιδήν","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φαῖνε","gloss":"song"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b8-l500","source":"ἔνθεν ἑλὼν ὡς οἱ μὲν ἐυσσέλμων ἐπὶ νηῶν","translation":"taking it up from where the Argives boarded their well-benched ships","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l500.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑλὼν","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"ἑλὼν","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φαῖνε","gloss":"taking up","note":"ἑλὼν ἔνθεν, 'taking the tale up from there', marks the bard's chosen starting point"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐυσσέλμων","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"well-benched","note":"εὔσελμος, standard Homeric ship-epithet, 'with good rowing-benches'"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b8-l501","source":"βάντες ἀπέπλειον, πῦρ ἐν κλισίῃσι βαλόντες,","translation":"and sailed away, after setting fire to their huts,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάντες","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπλειον","gloss":"boarding"},{"surface":"ἀπέπλειον","lemma":"ἀποπλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"sailed away"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βαλόντες","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"κλισίῃσι","lemma":"κλισία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"huts"},{"surface":"βαλόντες","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέπλειον","gloss":"casting, setting"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b8-l502","source":"Ἀργεῖοι, τοὶ δʼ ἤδη ἀγακλυτὸν ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα","translation":"the Argives, while the others, around glorious Odysseus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργεῖοι","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"the Argives"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἥατ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατ᾽","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"ἀγακλυτὸν","lemma":"ἀγακλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσῆα","gloss":"glorious","note":"ἀγακλυτός, intensified 'very famous', a heroic epithet"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b8-l503","source":"ἥατʼ ἐνὶ Τρώων ἀγορῇ κεκαλυμμένοι ἵππῳ·","translation":"sat in the assembly-place of the Trojans, hidden within the horse;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥατ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"were sitting"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Τρώων","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"genitive plural noun","role":"modifies ἀγορῇ","gloss":"of the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἀγορῇ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"assembly-place"},{"surface":"κεκαλυμμένοι","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥατ᾽","gloss":"hidden, concealed"},{"surface":"ἵππῳ","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κεκαλυμμένοι","gloss":"in the horse","note":"dative of place, 'concealed within the horse', vivid instrumental/locative dative"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b8-l504","source":"αὐτοὶ γάρ μιν Τρῶες ἐς ἀκρόπολιν ἐρύσαντο.","translation":"for the Trojans themselves had dragged it up to the citadel.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l504.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐρύσαντο","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"Τρῶες","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρύσαντο","gloss":"the Trojans"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀκρόπολιν","lemma":"ἀκρόπολις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντο","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dragged"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b8-l505","source":"ὣς ὁ μὲν ἑστήκει, τοὶ δʼ ἄκριτα πόλλʼ ἀγόρευον","translation":"So it stood there, while they argued much without end,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑστήκει","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑστήκει","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἑστήκει","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood","note":"ἑστήκει pluperfect 'had stood/was standing', describes the horse's fixed position while men debated"},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄκριτα","lemma":"ἄκριτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"without end, confused","note":"ἄκριτα 'undecided/unresolved', capturing the chaotic Trojan debate"},{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄκριτα","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"argued"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b8-l506","source":"ἥμενοι ἀμφʼ αὐτόν· τρίχα δέ σφισιν ἥνδανε βουλή,","translation":"sitting around it; and a threefold plan pleased them:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενοι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"τρίχα","lemma":"τρίχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥνδανε","gloss":"threefold, in three ways","note":"τρίχα adverb, describes the three rival plans the Trojans considered for the horse"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφισιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἥνδανε","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"ἥνδανε","lemma":"ἁνδάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pleased"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"plan, counsel"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b8-l507","source":"ἠὲ διαπλῆξαι κοῖλον δόρυ νηλέι χαλκῷ,","translation":"either to split the hollow timber with pitiless bronze,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l507.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"διαπλῆξαι","lemma":"διαπλήσσω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"to split"},{"surface":"κοῖλον","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of διαπλῆξαι","gloss":"timber","note":"δόρυ = 'wood/spear-shaft', here the wooden horse's beam"},{"surface":"νηλέι","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies χαλκῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"χαλκῷ","lemma":"χαλκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to διαπλῆξαι","gloss":"with bronze"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b8-l508","source":"ἢ κατὰ πετράων βαλέειν ἐρύσαντας ἐπʼ ἄκρης,","translation":"or to drag it to the heights and hurl it down from the rocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"down from"},{"surface":"πετράων","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"the rocks"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"to hurl","note":"βαλέειν has a future-stem form but infinitive force, a common epic pattern"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντας","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βαλέειν","gloss":"dragging"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄκρης","lemma":"ἄκρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the height"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b8-l509","source":"ἢ ἐάαν μέγʼ ἄγαλμα θεῶν θελκτήριον εἶναι,","translation":"or to let it stand as a great offering to charm the gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἐάαν","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"to let stand"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄγαλμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἄγαλμα","lemma":"ἄγαλμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"offering"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θελκτήριον","gloss":"of the gods"},{"surface":"θελκτήριον","lemma":"θελκτήριον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"charm","note":"θελκτήριον 'charm-thing' - abstract-noun-as-predicate epithet for the horse"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐάαν","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b8-l510","source":"τῇ περ δὴ καὶ ἔπειτα τελευτήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν·","translation":"which indeed was how it was destined to end in the end;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"τῇ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελευτήσεσθαι","gloss":"in which way"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τελευτήσεσθαι","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλεν","gloss":"to end"},{"surface":"ἔμελλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"was destined","note":"μέλλω + future infinitive: standard 'was fated to' construction"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b8-l511","source":"αἶσα γὰρ ἦν ἀπολέσθαι, ἐπὴν πόλις ἀμφικαλύψῃ","translation":"for it was their fate to perish, once the city should enclose","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l511.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"αἶσα","title":"Fate","body":"αἶσα is one's allotted destiny or doom. The line states that destruction was fated once Troy took the horse in."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist infinitive","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"to perish"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"πόλις","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἀμφικαλύψῃ","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψῃ","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"should enclose","note":"ἀμφι- prefix 'around' + καλύπτω 'cover' = engulf/enclose"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b8-l512","source":"δουράτεον μέγαν ἵππον, ὅθʼ ἥατο πάντες ἄριστοι","translation":"the great wooden horse, where all the best men were sitting,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δουράτεον","lemma":"δουράτεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"wooden"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἵππον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἵππον","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψῃ","gloss":"horse"},{"surface":"ὅθ","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατο","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἥατο","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἵππον","gloss":"were sitting","note":"ἥατο: epic pluperfect of ἧμαι 'sit', used with past continuous force"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἄριστοι","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἥατο","gloss":"the best men"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b8-l513","source":"Ἀργείων Τρώεσσι φόνον καὶ κῆρα φέροντες.","translation":"the Argives, bringing slaughter and death to the Trojans.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄριστοι","gloss":"of the Argives"},{"surface":"Τρώεσσι","lemma":"Τρώς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"to the Trojans"},{"surface":"φόνον","lemma":"φόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"slaughter"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κῆρα","lemma":"κήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"death","note":"κήρ = personified doom/death-spirit, not just 'death' abstractly"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥατο","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b8-l514","source":"ἤειδεν δʼ ὡς ἄστυ διέπραθον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν","translation":"And he sang how the sons of the Achaeans sacked the city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤειδεν","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sang"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διέπραθον","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"διέπραθον","lemma":"διαπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὡς","gloss":"sacked"},{"surface":"υἷες","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of διέπραθον","gloss":"the sons"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιῶν","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies υἷες","gloss":"of the Achaeans"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b8-l515","source":"ἱππόθεν ἐκχύμενοι, κοῖλον λόχον ἐκπρολιπόντες.","translation":"pouring out from the horse, leaving the hollow ambush.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l515.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱππόθεν","lemma":"ἱππόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐκχύμενοι","gloss":"from the horse","note":"-θεν suffix = 'from', formed on ἵππος: 'from-horse-place'"},{"surface":"ἐκχύμενοι","lemma":"ἐκχέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"pouring out"},{"surface":"κοῖλον","lemma":"κοῖλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λόχον","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"λόχον","lemma":"λόχος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκπρολιπόντες","gloss":"ambush"},{"surface":"ἐκπρολιπόντες","lemma":"ἐκπρολείπω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"leaving"}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b8-l516","source":"ἄλλον δʼ ἄλλῃ ἄειδε πόλιν κεραϊζέμεν αἰπήν,","translation":"He sang how one here, another there, laid waste the steep city,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλον","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of κεραϊζέμεν","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεραϊζέμεν","gloss":"elsewhere","note":"ἄλλον...ἄλλῃ: 'one man...in another place' - distributive idiom"},{"surface":"ἄειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sang"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κεραϊζέμεν","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"κεραϊζέμεν","lemma":"κεραίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"lay waste"},{"surface":"αἰπήν","lemma":"αἰπός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"steep"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b8-l517","source":"αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσῆα προτὶ δώματα Δηιφόβοιο","translation":"but how Odysseus went to the house of Deiphobos,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βήμεναι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"the house"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b8-l518","source":"βήμεναι, ἠύτʼ Ἄρηα σὺν ἀντιθέῳ Μενελάῳ.","translation":"like Ares, together with godlike Menelaus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l518.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βήμεναι","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"went","note":"βήμεναι: epic aorist infinitive of βαίνω, alt. to βῆναι"},{"surface":"ἠύτ","lemma":"ἠύτε","morphology":"particle","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Ἄρηα","lemma":"῎ἄρης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Ares","note":"simile: Odysseus compared to the war-god Ares"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ἀντιθέῳ","lemma":"ἀντίθεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Μενελάῳ","gloss":"godlike"},{"surface":"Μενελάῳ","lemma":"Μενέλαος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"Menelaus"}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b8-l519","source":"κεῖθι δὴ αἰνότατον πόλεμον φάτο τολμήσαντα","translation":"There, he said, Odysseus dared the most terrible battle","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖθι","lemma":"ἐκεῖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νικῆσαι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἰνότατον","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","role":"modifies πόλεμον","gloss":"most terrible"},{"surface":"πόλεμον","lemma":"πόλεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τολμήσαντα","gloss":"battle"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said","note":"φάτο: middle aorist of φημί, epic 'said/told'"},{"surface":"τολμήσαντα","lemma":"τολμάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νικῆσαι","gloss":"having dared"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b8-l520","source":"νικῆσαι καὶ ἔπειτα διὰ μεγάθυμον Ἀθήνην.","translation":"and then won it, through great-hearted Athena.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νικῆσαι","lemma":"νικάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φάτο","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to νικῆσαι","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"μεγάθυμον","lemma":"μεγάθυμος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἀθήνην","gloss":"great-hearted"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνην","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b8-l521","source":"ταῦτʼ ἄρʼ ἀοιδὸς ἄειδε περικλυτός· αὐτὰρ\n                  Ὀδυσσεὺς","translation":"These things the renowned bard sang; but Odysseus","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταῦτ","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἄειδε","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἀοιδὸς","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἄειδε","gloss":"the bard"},{"surface":"ἄειδε","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sang"},{"surface":"περικλυτός","lemma":"περικλυτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀοιδὸς","gloss":"far-famed","note":"περικλυτός: standard bardic epithet, 'renowned all around'"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τήκετο","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b8-l522","source":"τήκετο, δάκρυ δʼ ἔδευεν ὑπὸ βλεφάροισι παρειάς.","translation":"melted, and the tears wet his cheeks beneath his eyelids.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l522.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τήκετο","title":"Melted with grief","body":"τήκετο (imperfect of τήκω) literally means \"was melting\"; here it vividly describes Odysseus dissolving in tears."}],"words":[{"surface":"τήκετο","lemma":"τήκω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was melting","note":"τήκετο: metaphor, 'melted' with emotion / wept uncontrollably"},{"surface":"δάκρυ","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔδευεν","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδευεν","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wet"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"βλεφάροισι","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ὑπὸ","gloss":"his eyelids"},{"surface":"παρειάς","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἔδευεν","gloss":"his cheeks"}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b8-l523","source":"ὡς δὲ γυνὴ κλαίῃσι φίλον πόσιν ἀμφιπεσοῦσα,","translation":"As a woman weeps, flinging herself upon her dear husband,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l523.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλαίῃσι","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυνὴ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of κλαίῃσι","gloss":"a woman"},{"surface":"κλαίῃσι","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"weeps"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόσιν","gloss":"her dear"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κλαίῃσι","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπεσοῦσα","lemma":"ἀμφιπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κλαίῃσι","gloss":"flinging herself upon","note":"opens the famous extended simile comparing Odysseus's grief to a captive widow's"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b8-l524","source":"ὅς τε ἑῆς πρόσθεν πόλιος λαῶν τε πέσῃσιν,","translation":"who has fallen before his city and his people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πέσῃσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[emphatic]"},{"surface":"ἑῆς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιος","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"the city"},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to τε","gloss":"his people"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέσῃσιν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πόσιν","gloss":"has fallen"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b8-l525","source":"ἄστεϊ καὶ τεκέεσσιν ἀμύνων νηλεὲς ἦμαρ·","translation":"warding off the pitiless day from his town and his children;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστεϊ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his town"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεκέεσσιν","lemma":"τέκος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"his children"},{"surface":"ἀμύνων","lemma":"ἀμύνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσῃσιν","gloss":"warding off"},{"surface":"νηλεὲς","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμύνων","gloss":"day","note":"νηλεὲς ἦμαρ 'pitiless day' = a Homeric formula for the day of death"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b8-l526","source":"ἡ μὲν τὸν θνήσκοντα καὶ ἀσπαίροντα ἰδοῦσα","translation":"she, seeing him dying and gasping for breath,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κωκύει","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[contrast marker]"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἰδοῦσα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"θνήσκοντα","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"dying"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀσπαίροντα","lemma":"ἀσπαίρω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"gasping"},{"surface":"ἰδοῦσα","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κωκύει","gloss":"seeing"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b8-l527","source":"ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ χυμένη λίγα κωκύει· οἱ δέ τʼ ὄπισθε","translation":"pours herself around him and wails shrilly; but behind her","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀμφ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀμφ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"χυμένη","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κωκύει","gloss":"clinging","note":"χυμένη lit. 'poured' onto him, vivid for embracing collapse"},{"surface":"λίγα","lemma":"λίγα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κωκύει","gloss":"shrilly"},{"surface":"κωκύει","lemma":"κωκύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"wails"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰσανάγουσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ὄπισθε","lemma":"ὄπισθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰσανάγουσι","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b8-l528","source":"κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον ἠδὲ καὶ ὤμους","translation":"the enemy, beating her back and shoulders with their spears,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l528.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κόπτοντες","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰσανάγουσι","gloss":"striking"},{"surface":"δούρεσσι","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to κόπτοντες","gloss":"with spears"},{"surface":"μετάφρενον","lemma":"μετάφρενον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"her back"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὤμους","lemma":"ὦμος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"shoulders"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b8-l529","source":"εἴρερον εἰσανάγουσι, πόνον τʼ ἐχέμεν καὶ ὀιζύν·","translation":"lead her up into slavery, to have toil and misery;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴρερον","lemma":"εἴρερος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰσανάγουσι","gloss":"captivity","note":"εἴρερον 'slavery/bondage', rare epic noun"},{"surface":"εἰσανάγουσι","lemma":"εἰσανάγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"lead up into"},{"surface":"πόνον","lemma":"πόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"toil"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle]"},{"surface":"ἐχέμεν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"adverbial to εἰσανάγουσι","gloss":"to have"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀιζύν","lemma":"ὀιζύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"misery"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b8-l530","source":"τῆς δʼ ἐλεεινοτάτῳ ἄχεϊ φθινύθουσι παρειαί·","translation":"and her cheeks waste away with the most pitiful grief:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῆς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies παρειαί","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐλεεινοτάτῳ","lemma":"ἐλεεινός","morphology":"dative singular neuter superlative adjective","role":"modifies ἄχεϊ","gloss":"most pitiful"},{"surface":"ἄχεϊ","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φθινύθουσι","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"φθινύθουσι","lemma":"φθινύθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"waste away"},{"surface":"παρειαί","lemma":"παρειά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of φθινύθουσι","gloss":"her cheeks","note":"closes the simile: her cheeks 'waste' just as Odysseus wept - the tenor returns next line"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b8-l531","source":"ὣς Ὀδυσεὺς ἐλεεινὸν ὑπʼ ὀφρύσι δάκρυον εἶβεν.","translation":"so did Odysseus shed a pitiful tear beneath his brows.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἶβεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶβεν","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἐλεεινὸν","lemma":"ἐλεεινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δάκρυον","gloss":"pitiful"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"his brows"},{"surface":"δάκρυον","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἶβεν","gloss":"tear"},{"surface":"εἶβεν","lemma":"εἴβω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shed","note":"εἴβω 'let drip/shed', poetic verb for tears completing the simile's application"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b8-l532","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλους μὲν πάντας ἐλάνθανε δάκρυα λείβων,","translation":"There he escaped the notice of all the others as he shed tears,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλάνθανε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐλάνθανε","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[contrast marker]"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἐλάνθανε","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped notice of","note":"λανθάνω + participle: 'was unnoticed (while) shedding' - idiomatic Greek participial construction"},{"surface":"δάκρυα","lemma":"δάκρυον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λείβων","gloss":"tears"},{"surface":"λείβων","lemma":"λείβω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"object of ἐλάνθανε","gloss":"shedding"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b8-l533","source":"Ἀλκίνοος δέ μιν οἶος ἐπεφράσατʼ ἠδʼ ἐνόησεν,","translation":"but Alkinoos alone marked him and took note,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοος","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"Alkinoos"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐπεφράσατ","lemma":"ἐπιφράζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perceived"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b8-l534","source":"ἥμενος ἄγχʼ αὐτοῦ, βαρὺ δὲ στενάχοντος ἄκουσεν.","translation":"sitting near him, and heard him groaning heavily.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l534.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενος","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠδ᾽","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἄγχ","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἄγχ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"βαρὺ","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντος","gloss":"heavily"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"στενάχοντος","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ἄκουσεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b8-l535","source":"αἶψα δὲ Φαιήκεσσι φιληρέτμοισι μετηύδα·","translation":"At once he spoke among the oar-loving Phaeacians:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μετηύδα","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσι","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μετηύδα","gloss":"to the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"φιληρέτμοισι","lemma":"φιλήρετμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Φαιήκεσσι","gloss":"oar-loving","note":"Stock Homeric epithet for the Phaeacians, formed from φίλος + ἐρετμόν 'oar'."},{"surface":"μετηύδα","lemma":"μεταυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he addressed","note":"μετ-αυδάω 'speak among/to' governs the dative Φαιήκεσσι rather than a direct object."}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b8-l536","source":"κέκλυτε, Φαιήκων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες,","translation":"\"Hear me, leaders and counselors of the Phaeacians,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l536.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κέκλυτε","title":"Reduplicated imperative","body":"κέκλυτε is a perfect imperative (2nd plural) of κλύω, formed with reduplication — a reduplicated perfect standing in for an aorist imperative, a formulaic address opening a speech to the assembly."}],"words":[{"surface":"κέκλυτε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear!","note":"κέκλυτε is a reduplicated aorist imperative of κλύω (root aorist ἔκλυον), an epic formula opening public speeches — not a perfect."},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδὲ","gloss":"of the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"ἡγήτορες","lemma":"ἡγήτωρ","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"leaders"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέδοντες","lemma":"μέδων","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"counselors"}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b8-l537","source":"Δημόδοκος δʼ ἤδη σχεθέτω φόρμιγγα λίγειαν·","translation":"let Demodokos now hold back his clear-toned lyre;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δημόδοκος","lemma":"Δημόδοκος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σχεθέτω","gloss":"Demodokos"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤδη","lemma":"ἤδη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σχεθέτω","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σχεθέτω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him stop","note":"σχεθέτω, aorist imperative of ἔχω used with the sense 'hold back, restrain' — not its usual 'have'."},{"surface":"φόρμιγγα","lemma":"φόρμιγξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of σχεθέτω","gloss":"lyre"},{"surface":"λίγειαν","lemma":"λιγύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φόρμιγγα","gloss":"clear-toned"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b8-l538","source":"οὐ γάρ πως πάντεσσι χαριζόμενος τάδʼ ἀείδει.","translation":"for he does not in any way please everyone by singing these things.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in any way"},{"surface":"πάντεσσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of χαριζόμενος","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"χαριζόμενος","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀείδει","gloss":"pleasing","note":"χαρίζομαι + dative 'do a favor to, gratify'; middle voice participle modifying the singer."},{"surface":"τάδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἀείδει","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"ἀείδει","lemma":"ἀείδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he sings"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b8-l539","source":"ἐξ οὗ δορπέομέν τε καὶ ὤρορε θεῖος ἀοιδός,","translation":"Ever since we began to dine and the divine bard arose,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὗ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"δορπέομέν","lemma":"δορπέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"we dined"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὤρορε","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"arose","note":"ὄρνυμι here intransitive aorist 'rose up (to sing)', not its usual transitive 'rouse'."},{"surface":"θεῖος","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀοιδός","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ἀοιδός","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤρορε","gloss":"bard"}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b8-l540","source":"ἐκ τοῦ δʼ οὔ πω παύσατʼ ὀιζυροῖο γόοιο","translation":"from that time the stranger has never ceased from grievous lament;","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"that time"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"παύσατ","lemma":"παύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he ceased","note":"Middle voice παύσατο = 'ceased (himself) from', paired with genitive γόοιο 'lament'."},{"surface":"ὀιζυροῖο","lemma":"ὀιζυρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies γόοιο","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"γόοιο","lemma":"γόος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παύσατ᾽","gloss":"lament"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b8-l541","source":"ὁ ξεῖνος· μάλα πού μιν ἄχος φρένας ἀμφιβέβηκεν.","translation":"some great sorrow, I think, has settled all about his heart.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l541.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄχος φρένας ἀμφιβέβηκεν","title":"Grief enfolds the heart","body":"ἀμφιβέβηκεν (perfect of ἀμφιβαίνω) literally \"has come around,\" picturing grief as something that has encircled and stands over the mind."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies ξεῖνος","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of παύσατ᾽","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμφιβέβηκεν","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I suppose"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμφιβέβηκεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄχος","lemma":"ἄχος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμφιβέβηκεν","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιβέβηκεν","gloss":"heart","note":"φρένας is accusative of respect: 'grief has come over him with respect to his heart/mind'."},{"surface":"ἀμφιβέβηκεν","lemma":"ἀμφιβαίνω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"has come over"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b8-l542","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ὁ μὲν σχεθέτω, ἵνʼ ὁμῶς τερπώμεθα πάντες,","translation":"But come, let him hold back, so that we may all alike take delight,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγ","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come!"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of σχεθέτω","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(marks contrast)"},{"surface":"σχεθέτω","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him stop"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ὁμῶς","lemma":"ὁμῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τερπώμεθα","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"τερπώμεθα","lemma":"τέρπω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"we may delight","note":"Present subjunctive after ἵνα expressing purpose: 'so that we may all take delight'."},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b8-l543","source":"ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος, ἐπεὶ πολὺ κάλλιον οὕτως·","translation":"hosts and guest, since this way is far better;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξεινοδόκοι","lemma":"ξεινοδόκος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"hosts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"guest"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κάλλιον","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better","note":"Neuter comparative κάλλιον used adverbially/predicatively: 'it is much better this way'."},{"surface":"οὕτως","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"thus"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b8-l544","source":"εἵνεκα γὰρ ξείνοιο τάδʼ αἰδοίοιο τέτυκται,","translation":"for it is all arranged for the sake of the honored guest,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἵνεκα","lemma":"ἕνεκα","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"for the sake of"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ξείνοιο","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to εἵνεκα","gloss":"guest"},{"surface":"τάδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"αἰδοίοιο","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξείνοιο","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is arranged","note":"τέτυκται (perfect of τεύχω) 'has been made/is fixed'; passive with lasting present force."}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b8-l545","source":"πομπὴ καὶ φίλα δῶρα, τά οἱ δίδομεν φιλέοντες.","translation":"the escort and the kind gifts, which we give him in friendship.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πομπὴ","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"escort"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλα","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gifts"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of δίδομεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δίδομεν","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"δίδομεν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δῶρα","gloss":"we give"},{"surface":"φιλέοντες","lemma":"φιλέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δίδομεν","gloss":"loving him","note":"φιλέοντες, participle showing manner: gifts given 'while loving/befriending' the guest."}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b8-l546","source":"ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνός θʼ ἱκέτης τε τέτυκται","translation":"A guest and a suppliant stand in place of a brother","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀντὶ","lemma":"ἀντί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in place of"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτου","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"complement of ἀντὶ","gloss":"a brother"},{"surface":"ξεῖνός","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"guest"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱκέτης","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"suppliant"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τέτυκται","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stands","note":"τέτυκται again: 'counts as, is reckoned as' a brother — a fixed social equivalence, not literal manufacture."}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b8-l547","source":"ἀνέρι, ὅς τʼ ὀλίγον περ ἐπιψαύῃ πραπίδεσσι.","translation":"to a man who touches even a little upon understanding.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνέρι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τέτυκται","gloss":"to a man"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπιψαύῃ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(connective)"},{"surface":"ὀλίγον","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐπιψαύῃ","gloss":"a little"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐπιψαύῃ","lemma":"ἐπιψαύω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνέρι","gloss":"touches upon","note":"ἐπιψαύω + dative 'touch lightly on', a rare compound suggesting only slight contact with understanding."},{"surface":"πραπίδεσσι","lemma":"πραπίδες","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιψαύῃ","gloss":"understanding"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b8-l548","source":"τῷ νῦν μηδὲ σὺ κεῦθε νοήμασι κερδαλέοισιν","translation":"So now do not you either conceal with crafty thoughts","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῦθε","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of κεῦθε","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κεῦθε","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"conceal","note":"κεῦθε, imperfect used with imperative force (μηδὲ κεῦθε 'do not hide') — a common epic idiom."},{"surface":"νοήμασι","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κεῦθε","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"κερδαλέοισιν","lemma":"κερδαλέος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies νοήμασι","gloss":"crafty"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b8-l549","source":"ὅττι κέ σʼ εἴρωμαι· φάσθαι δέ σε κάλλιόν ἐστιν.","translation":"whatever I may ask you; it is better that you speak.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἴρωμαι","gloss":"whatever"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἴρωμαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"εἴρωμαι","lemma":"εἴρω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"object of κεῦθε","gloss":"I may ask"},{"surface":"φάσθαι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"to speak","note":"Infinitive φάσθαι functions as the subject of ἐστιν: 'to speak (it) is better'."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"subject of φάσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κάλλιόν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it is"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b8-l550","source":"εἴπʼ ὄνομʼ ὅττι σε κεῖθι κάλεον μήτηρ τε πατήρ τε","translation":"Tell the name by which there at home your mother and father called you,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l550.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴπ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell!"},{"surface":"ὄνομ","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴπ᾽","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"ὅττι","lemma":"ὅστις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"complement of κάλεον","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κάλεον","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"κεῖθι","lemma":"ἐκεῖθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κάλεον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κάλεον","lemma":"καλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὄνομ᾽","gloss":"called","note":"κάλεον, unaugmented imperfect (epic form) 'used to call/called'."},{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατήρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b8-l551","source":"ἄλλοι θʼ οἳ κατὰ ἄστυ καὶ οἳ περιναιετάουσιν.","translation":"and others who live throughout the city and round about it.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of θ᾽","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"ἄστυ","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of περιναιετάουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"περιναιετάουσιν","lemma":"περιναιετάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"dwell around","note":"περιναιετάω, compound of ναίω 'dwell' with περι- 'around', describing outlying settlers near the city."}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b8-l552","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τις πάμπαν ἀνώνυμός ἐστʼ ἀνθρώπων,","translation":"For no man among human beings is altogether nameless,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστ᾽","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"πάμπαν","lemma":"πάμπαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"altogether"},{"surface":"ἀνώνυμός","lemma":"ἀνώνυμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"nameless"},{"surface":"ἐστ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b8-l553","source":"οὐ κακὸς οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλός, ἐπὴν τὰ πρῶτα γένηται,","translation":"neither base nor noble, once he has first been born,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l553.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"base"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐσθλός","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δὲ","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐπὴν","lemma":"ἐπήν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when","note":"ἐπήν = ἐπεί + ἄν, 'whenever/once', taking the subjunctive γένηται in a general temporal clause."},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"modifies πρῶτα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"πρῶτα","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γένηται","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"γένηται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπὴν","gloss":"he is born"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b8-l554","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ πᾶσι τίθενται, ἐπεί κε τέκωσι, τοκῆες.","translation":"but parents set a name on all once they have given them birth.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l554.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τέκωσι","title":"Aorist subjunctive in a temporal clause","body":"The aorist subjunctive with ἐπεί κε marks an indefinite future event: 'whenever they have given birth.' The aorist here views the act of bearing as a single completed point."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τίθενται","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set","note":"τίθενται 'set/impose (a name)', middle voice with the parents as agents acting for their own child."},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"τέκωσι","lemma":"τίκτω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"they bear"},{"surface":"τοκῆες","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τίθενται","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b8-l555","source":"εἰπὲ δέ μοι γαῖάν τε· τεὴν δῆμόν τε πόλιν τε,","translation":"Tell me too your land, your people, and your city,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell!"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"γαῖάν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τεὴν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"your","note":"τεός, epic/poetic possessive adjective for 'your' (singular), rarer than σός."},{"surface":"δῆμόν","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"people"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b8-l556","source":"ὄφρα σε τῇ πέμπωσι τιτυσκόμεναι φρεσὶ νῆες·","translation":"so that the ships may carry you there, aiming with their minds;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of πέμπωσι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"τῇ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of πέμπωσι","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πέμπωσι","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"may carry"},{"surface":"τιτυσκόμεναι","lemma":"τιτύσκομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to πέμπωσι","gloss":"aiming","note":"τιτύσκομαι 'aim, direct oneself', here of ships steering by mental purpose alone — sets up the marvel described next."},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to τιτυσκόμεναι","gloss":"with their minds"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of πέμπωσι","gloss":"ships"}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b8-l557","source":"οὐ γὰρ Φαιήκεσσι κυβερνητῆρες ἔασιν,","translation":"for the Phaeacians have no steersmen,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Φαιήκεσσι","lemma":"Φαίαξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔασιν","gloss":"the Phaeacians"},{"surface":"κυβερνητῆρες","lemma":"κυβερνητήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔασιν","gloss":"steersmen"},{"surface":"ἔασιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b8-l558","source":"οὐδέ τι πηδάλιʼ ἔστι, τά τʼ ἄλλαι νῆες ἔχουσιν·","translation":"nor any steering-oars such as other ships possess;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"πηδάλι","lemma":"πηδάλιον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"steering-oars"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there are"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(connective)"},{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχουσιν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἔχουσιν","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing πηδάλι᾽","gloss":"have"}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b8-l559","source":"ἀλλʼ αὐταὶ ἴσασι νοήματα καὶ φρένας ἀνδρῶν,","translation":"rather they themselves know the thoughts and minds of men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐταὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"they themselves","note":"αὐταί, intensive pronoun stressing that the ships alone (with no pilot) know men's minds — the marvel of Phaeacian ships."},{"surface":"ἴσασι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"νοήματα","lemma":"νόημα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"thoughts"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"minds"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b8-l560","source":"καὶ πάντων ἴσασι πόλιας καὶ πίονας ἀγροὺς","translation":"and they know the cities and rich fields of all","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἴσασι","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they know"},{"surface":"πόλιας","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πίονας","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀγροὺς","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"ἀγροὺς","lemma":"ἀγρός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fields"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b8-l561","source":"ἀνθρώπων, καὶ λαῖτμα τάχισθʼ ἁλὸς ἐκπερόωσιν","translation":"peoples, and swiftly they cross the gulf of the sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαῖτμα","lemma":"λαῖτμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπερόωσιν","gloss":"gulf"},{"surface":"τάχισθ","lemma":"ταχύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐκπερόωσιν","gloss":"most swiftly"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λαῖτμα","gloss":"of the sea"},{"surface":"ἐκπερόωσιν","lemma":"ἐκπεράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they cross"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b8-l562","source":"ἠέρι καὶ νεφέλῃ κεκαλυμμέναι· οὐδέ ποτέ σφιν","translation":"shrouded in mist and cloud; and never for them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέρι","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in mist"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεφέλῃ","lemma":"νεφέλη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"in cloud"},{"surface":"κεκαλυμμέναι","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to ἐκπερόωσιν","gloss":"shrouded","note":"κεκαλυμμέναι, perfect passive participle: the ships travel wrapped in mist/cloud, magical and unseen."},{"surface":"ποτέ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"for them"}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b8-l563","source":"οὔτε τι πημανθῆναι ἔπι δέος οὔτʼ ἀπολέσθαι.","translation":"is there any fear of being harmed or of perishing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l563.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πημανθῆναι","title":"Aorist passive infinitive","body":"Both πημανθῆναι ('to be harmed') and ἀπολέσθαι depend on δέος ('fear'). πημανθῆναι is a passive infinitive; the ships have no fear of suffering harm at another's hand."}],"words":[{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to πημανθῆναι","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"πημανθῆναι","lemma":"πημαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive infinitive","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"to be harmed","note":"aorist passive infinitive of πημαίνω, 'harm/hurt'"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there is (upon)","note":"ἔπι = tmesis/anastrophe for ἔπεστι, 'is upon/there is'"},{"surface":"δέος","lemma":"δέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"ἀπολέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"to perish"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b8-l564","source":"ἀλλὰ τόδʼ ὥς ποτε πατρὸς ἐγὼν εἰπόντος ἄκουσα","translation":"But here is a thing I once heard my father say,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l564.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of εἰπόντος","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἄκουσα","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἄκουσα","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"πατρὸς","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"of my father"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἄκουσα","gloss":"I","note":"epic ἐγών for ἐγώ, nominative, before vowel"},{"surface":"εἰπόντος","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"saying","note":"genitive absolute-like participle: 'my father saying'"},{"surface":"ἄκουσα","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I heard"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b8-l565","source":"Ναυσιθόου, ὃς ἔφασκε Ποσειδάωνʼ ἀγάσασθαι","translation":"Nausithous, who used to say that Poseidon held a grudge","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ναυσιθόου","lemma":"Ναυσίθοος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"Nausithous"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφασκε","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἔφασκε","lemma":"φάσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ναυσιθόου","gloss":"used to say","note":"iterative imperfect ἔφασκε, 'used to say/claim'"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγάσασθαι","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἀγάσασθαι","lemma":"ἄγαμαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔφασκε","gloss":"held a grudge","note":"ἄγαμαι here means 'be jealous/resentful of', not the usual 'admire'"}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b8-l566","source":"ἡμῖν, οὕνεκα πομποὶ ἀπήμονές εἰμεν ἁπάντων.","translation":"against us, because we are safe escorts for everyone.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀγάσασθαι","gloss":"at us"},{"surface":"οὕνεκα","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"πομποὶ","lemma":"πομπός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"escorts"},{"surface":"ἀπήμονές","lemma":"ἀπήμων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πομποὶ","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"εἰμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκα","gloss":"we are"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies πομποὶ","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":567,"label":"567","id":"b8-l567","source":"φῆ ποτὲ Φαιήκων ἀνδρῶν ἐυεργέα νῆα","translation":"He said that one day a well-built ship of Phaeacian men,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l567.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φῆ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he said","note":"φημί imperfect, introduces indirect statement (acc+inf) continuing through next lines"},{"surface":"ποτὲ","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to φῆ","gloss":"one day"},{"surface":"Φαιήκων","lemma":"φαίαξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"of Phaeacian"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐυεργέα","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ῥαισέμεναι","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":568,"label":"568","id":"b8-l568","source":"ἐκ πομπῆς ἀνιοῦσαν ἐν ἠεροειδέι πόντῳ","translation":"as it returned from an escort over the misty sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l568.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πομπῆς","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"escort duty"},{"surface":"ἀνιοῦσαν","lemma":"ἄνειμι","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ῥαισέμεναι","gloss":"returning"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠεροειδέι","lemma":"ἠεροειδής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies πόντῳ","gloss":"misty","note":"epic compound ἠεροειδής, 'like mist/haze', formulaic epithet for the sea"},{"surface":"πόντῳ","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":569,"label":"569","id":"b8-l569","source":"ῥαισέμεναι, μέγα δʼ ἧμιν ὄρος πόλει ἀμφικαλύψειν.","translation":"the god would shatter, and would bury our city under a great mountain.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l569.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥαισέμεναι ... ἀμφικαλύψειν","title":"Future infinitives in indirect speech","body":"After φῆ ('he said') both infinitives are future, reporting what Poseidon threatened to do: to shatter the ship and to cover the city."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥαισέμεναι","lemma":"ῥαίω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"would shatter","note":"future infinitive ῥαισέμεναι in indirect statement, 'the god would wreck it'"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἧμιν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πόλει","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀμφικαλύψειν","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"πόλει","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀμφικαλύψειν","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἀμφικαλύψειν","lemma":"ἀμφικαλύπτω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"would bury","note":"future infinitive, 'would heap/cover over'"}]},{"number":570,"label":"570","id":"b8-l570","source":"ὣς ἀγόρευʼ ὁ γέρων· τὰ δέ κεν θεὸς ἢ τελέσειεν","translation":"So the old man declared; but these things a god may either bring to pass","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l570.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευ","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"unaugmented imperfect ἀγόρευε, epic dropped augment"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies γέρων","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"γέρων","lemma":"γέρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευ᾽","gloss":"old man"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἤ","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps","note":"modal particle κεν/ἄν with optative, marks potential 'may'"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤ","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"τελέσειεν","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may bring to pass","note":"aorist optative τελέσειεν, potential optative with κεν: 'may fulfill'"}]},{"number":571,"label":"571","id":"b8-l571","source":"ἤ κʼ ἀτέλεστʼ εἴη, ὥς οἱ φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ·","translation":"or leave unfulfilled, however it please his heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l571.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τελέσειεν ... εἴη","title":"Optatives of possibility","body":"The optatives τελέσειεν and εἴη with κεν express what a god might do: either fulfill the threat or leave it undone. The optative softens the statement into a possibility rather than a certainty."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἀτέλεστ","lemma":"ἀτέλεστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"complement of εἴη","gloss":"unfulfilled"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"may leave","note":"here from ἐάω 'allow/leave', potential optative paired with κεν: 'may leave unfulfilled'"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"ἔπλετο","lemma":"πέλω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὥς","gloss":"it turns out","note":"πέλω 'to be/turn out', epic equivalent of εἰμί"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φίλον","gloss":"to his heart"}]},{"number":572,"label":"572","id":"b8-l572","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,","translation":"But come now, tell me this, and recount it truly:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l572.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"fossilized imperative particle ἄγε, 'come!' introducing a request"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀτρεκέως","lemma":"ἀτρεκής","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατάλεξον","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"κατάλεξον","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"recount","note":"καταλέγω, 'tell in order/detail', pairs with εἰπέ for emphasis"}]},{"number":573,"label":"573","id":"b8-l573","source":"ὅππῃ ἀπεπλάγχθης τε καὶ ἅς τινας ἵκεο χώρας","translation":"where you were driven off course, and what lands you reached","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l573.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅππῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπεπλάγχθης","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἀπεπλάγχθης","lemma":"ἀποπλάζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἠμὲν","gloss":"you were driven off course","note":"aorist passive of ἀποπλάζω, 'be driven astray'"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"modifies χώρας","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τινας","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies χώρας","gloss":"(any)"},{"surface":"ἵκεο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of ἠμὲν","gloss":"you reached"},{"surface":"χώρας","lemma":"χώρα","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἵκεο","gloss":"lands"}]},{"number":574,"label":"574","id":"b8-l574","source":"ἀνθρώπων, αὐτούς τε πόλιάς τʼ ἐὺ ναιετοώσας,","translation":"of men, both the people themselves and their well-settled cities,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l574.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies χώρας","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"πόλιάς","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναιετοώσας","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"ναιετοώσας","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural feminine","role":"modifies πόλιάς","gloss":"well-settled","note":"epic form ναιετάω/ναιετόωσα with distractio metri lengthening -οω-"}]},{"number":575,"label":"575","id":"b8-l575","source":"ἠμὲν ὅσοι χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δίκαιοι,","translation":"those who are harsh and savage and without justice,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l575.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠμὲν","lemma":"ἠμέν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both","note":"epic correlative ἠμέν...ἠδέ, 'both...and'"},{"surface":"ὅσοι","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"as many as/those who"},{"surface":"χαλεποί","lemma":"χαλεπός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"harsh"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγριοι","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"δίκαιοι","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"just"}]},{"number":576,"label":"576","id":"b8-l576","source":"οἵ τε φιλόξεινοι, καί σφιν νόος ἐστὶ θεουδής.","translation":"and those who love strangers and have a god-fearing mind.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l576.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φιλόξεινοι","lemma":"φιλόξενος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"friendly to strangers","note":"φιλόξενος, key Homeric guest-friendship (xenia) value word"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νόος","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of τε","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θεουδής","lemma":"θεουδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"god-fearing"}]},{"number":577,"label":"577","id":"b8-l577","source":"εἰπὲ δʼ ὅ τι κλαίεις καὶ ὀδύρεαι ἔνδοθι θυμῷ","translation":"Tell me too why you weep and grieve in your heart within","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l577.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ὅ","gloss":"(indef.)"},{"surface":"κλαίεις","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"you weep"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀδύρεαι","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"you grieve"},{"surface":"ἔνδοθι","lemma":"ἔνδοθι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔνδοθι","gloss":"in your heart"}]},{"number":578,"label":"578","id":"b8-l578","source":"Ἀργείων Δαναῶν ἠδʼ Ἰλίου οἶτον ἀκούων.","translation":"when you hear the doom of the Argive Danaans and of Ilium.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l578.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀργείων","lemma":"Ἀργεῖος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Δαναῶν","gloss":"of the Argive"},{"surface":"Δαναῶν","lemma":"Δαναοί","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἠδ᾽","gloss":"Danaans"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰλίου","lemma":"῎ἴλιος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἠδ᾽","gloss":"of Ilium"},{"surface":"οἶτον","lemma":"οἶτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκούων","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"ἀκούων","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"hearing"}]},{"number":579,"label":"579","id":"b8-l579","source":"τὸν δὲ θεοὶ μὲν τεῦξαν, ἐπεκλώσαντο δʼ ὄλεθρον","translation":"That doom the gods themselves contrived, and they spun out destruction","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l579.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of τεῦξαν","gloss":"that (doom)"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τεῦξαν","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"contrived"},{"surface":"ἐπεκλώσαντο","lemma":"ἐπικλώθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spun out","note":"ἐπικλώθω 'spin thread of fate', metaphor of the Fates weaving destiny"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεκλώσαντο","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":580,"label":"580","id":"b8-l580","source":"ἀνθρώποις, ἵνα ᾖσι καὶ ἐσσομένοισιν ἀοιδή.","translation":"for men, so that there might be song even for those yet to be.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l580.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώποις","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπεκλώσαντο","gloss":"for men"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ᾖσι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"there might be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἐσσομένοισιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future middle participle, dative plural masculine","role":"object of ᾖσι","gloss":"for those yet to be","note":"future participle of εἰμί used substantively, 'those who will be' = future generations"},{"surface":"ἀοιδή","lemma":"ἀοιδή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ᾖσι","gloss":"song","note":"ἀοιδή, key metapoetic word: the poem reflecting on its own immortalizing power"}]},{"number":581,"label":"581","id":"b8-l581","source":"ἦ τίς τοι καὶ πηὸς ἀπέφθιτο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ","translation":"Did some kinsman of yours perish before Ilium,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l581.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πηὸς","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"modifies πηὸς","gloss":"of yours"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"πηὸς","lemma":"πηός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"kinsman"},{"surface":"ἀπέφθιτο","lemma":"ἀποφθίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"Ἰλιόθι","lemma":"Ἰλιόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πρὸ","gloss":"at Ilium"},{"surface":"πρὸ","lemma":"πρό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"before","note":"Ἰλιόθι πρό, formulaic 'before Troy', locative adverb + preposition"}]},{"number":582,"label":"582","id":"b8-l582","source":"ἐσθλὸς ἐών, γαμβρὸς ἢ πενθερός, οἵ τε μάλιστα","translation":"a noble man, a son-in-law or a father-in-law, those who are most of all","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l582.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλὸς","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέφθιτο","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"γαμβρὸς","lemma":"γαμβρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"son-in-law"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"πενθερός","lemma":"πενθερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"father-in-law"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τελέθουσι","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(and)"},{"surface":"μάλιστα","lemma":"μάλιστα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελέθουσι","gloss":"most"}]},{"number":583,"label":"583","id":"b8-l583","source":"κήδιστοι τελέθουσι μεθʼ αἷμά τε καὶ γένος αὐτῶν;","translation":"dearest after one's own blood and kin?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l583.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κήδιστοι","lemma":"κήδιστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"dearest","note":"superlative κήδιστος, 'most cared-for', from κήδομαι"},{"surface":"τελέθουσι","lemma":"τελέθω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἢ","gloss":"prove to be"},{"surface":"μεθ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after","note":"μετά + acc, 'next after/ranking after'"},{"surface":"αἷμά","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γένος","lemma":"γένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"kin"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"their own"}]},{"number":584,"label":"584","id":"b8-l584","source":"ἦ τίς που καὶ ἑταῖρος ἀνὴρ κεχαρισμένα εἰδώς,","translation":"Or was it perhaps some comrade, a man knowing things pleasing to you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l584.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"comrade"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"κεχαρισμένα","lemma":"χαρίζομαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"pleasing things","note":"perfect passive participle of χαρίζομαι, 'things made dear/pleasing'"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"knowing","note":"perfect active participle οἶδα functions as present, 'knowing'"}]},{"number":585,"label":"585","id":"b8-l585","source":"ἐσθλός; ἐπεὶ οὐ μέν τι κασιγνήτοιο χερείων","translation":"a noble one? For no whit lesser than a brother","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l585.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κασιγνήτοιο χερείων","title":"Genitive of comparison","body":"χερείων ('lesser, worse') takes the genitive κασιγνήτοιο ('than a brother') to mark the standard of comparison: a wise comrade is no worse than a brother."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλός","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"noble"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to χερείων","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κασιγνήτοιο","lemma":"κασίγνητος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χερείων","gloss":"than a brother"},{"surface":"χερείων","lemma":"χερείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"lesser","note":"comparative χερείων, 'worse/inferior', predicate with genitive of comparison"}]},{"number":586,"label":"586","id":"b8-l586","source":"γίγνεται, ὅς κεν ἑταῖρος ἐὼν πεπνυμένα εἰδῇ.","translation":"is a comrade who, being a comrade, knows wise and prudent things.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b8-l586.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"is, becomes"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰδῇ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἑταῖρος","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a comrade"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἰδῇ","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"πεπνυμένα","lemma":"πέπνυμαι","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"object of εἰδῇ","gloss":"wise things"},{"surface":"εἰδῇ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"knows"}]}]}