{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"author":"Homer","language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey"},"unit":{"kind":"book","number":9,"id":"book-09","title":{"source":"Ὀδυσσείας ι","translated":"Book 9 — Odysseus Tells His Tale: The Cicones, the Lotus-Eaters, and the Cyclops"},"section":"The Wanderings","summary":"Odysseus tells his name and begins his story: the Cicones, the Lotus-Eaters, the cave of the Cyclops. He blinds Polyphemus and escapes under the sheep.","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9","lines":566},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10","license":"Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0). English translation: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC — original line-aligned draft, pending editorial review. Word-by-word morphology and syntax derived from the Perseus Ancient Greek Dependency Treebank (CC BY-SA 3.0); English glosses and notes © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"b9-l1","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·","translation":"Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολύμητις","title":"Stock epithet of Odysseus","body":"\"Of many wiles / much resourcefulness\" is one of Odysseus' fixed epithets, used to fill the verse and mark his character. Such formulaic epithets recur throughout the poem."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/then"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"answering","note":"Middle participle of 'exchange words'; frames direct speech, standard formula opening."},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"πολύμητις","lemma":"πολύμητις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσεύς","gloss":"of many wiles","note":"Fixed epithet for Odysseus, πολύ- 'much' + μῆτις 'craft/cunning'."},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσεύς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Odysseus"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"b9-l2","source":"Ἀλκίνοε κρεῖον, πάντων ἀριδείκετε λαῶν,","translation":"\"Lord Alcinous, most renowned of all the people,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἀλκίνοε","lemma":"Ἀλκίνοος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Alcinous"},{"surface":"κρεῖον","lemma":"κρείων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"lord","note":"Vocative of κρείων 'ruling'; honorific address, not a separate name."},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαῶν","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ἀριδείκετε","lemma":"ἀριδείκετος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"most renowned","note":"ἀρι- intensifying prefix + δείκνυμι root 'shown forth', epic superlative sense."},{"surface":"λαῶν","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀριδείκετε","gloss":"the people"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"b9-l3","source":"ἦ τοι μὲν τόδε καλὸν ἀκουέμεν ἐστὶν ἀοιδοῦ","translation":"truly it is a fine thing to listen to a bard","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ἀκουέμεν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a fine thing","note":"Predicate adjective with infinitive subject ἀκουέμεν, classic Greek 'it is X to do Y'."},{"surface":"ἀκουέμεν","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of ἐστὶν","gloss":"to listen","note":"-μεν infinitive ending is the epic form of Attic -ειν."},{"surface":"ἐστὶν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀοιδοῦ","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκουέμεν","gloss":"a bard/singer"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"b9-l4","source":"τοιοῦδʼ οἷος ὅδʼ ἐστί, θεοῖς ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν.","translation":"such as this man is, like the gods in his voice.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοιοῦδ","lemma":"τοιόσδε","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀοιδοῦ","gloss":"such as this","note":"τοιοῦδ' agrees with ἀοιδοῦ, resuming the bard from the prior line across the enjambment."},{"surface":"οἷος","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"such as"},{"surface":"ὅδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"this man"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τοιοῦδ᾽","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θεοῖς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"to the gods"},{"surface":"ἐναλίγκιος","lemma":"ἐναλίγκιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἷος","gloss":"like","note":"Governs dative θεοῖς and accusative of respect αὐδήν: 'like the gods IN voice.'"},{"surface":"αὐδήν","lemma":"αὐδή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐναλίγκιος","gloss":"in voice"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"b9-l5","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ γέ τί φημι τέλος χαριέστερον εἶναι","translation":"For I say there is no fulfillment more graceful","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φημι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γέ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"say/claim"},{"surface":"τέλος","lemma":"τέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"an end/fulfillment"},{"surface":"χαριέστερον","lemma":"χαρίεις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies τέλος","gloss":"more delightful","note":"Comparative of χαρίεις 'graceful, pleasing' — Odysseus praising communal feasting."},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"b9-l6","source":"ἢ ὅτʼ ἐυφροσύνη μὲν ἔχῃ κάτα δῆμον ἅπαντα,","translation":"than when good cheer holds sway over the whole people,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐυφροσύνη","title":"euphrosynê: festive joy","body":"The word denotes the merriment of a shared feast, a high social good in Homeric society, not mere private happiness."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ἐυφροσύνη","lemma":"εὐφροσύνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχῃ","gloss":"good cheer","note":"εὐφροσύνη, 'good spirits/merriment', subject of the subjunctive verb in a general temporal clause."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔχῃ","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"holds sway"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δῆμον","lemma":"δῆμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κάτα","gloss":"the people"},{"surface":"ἅπαντα","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies δῆμον","gloss":"whole/all"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"b9-l7","source":"δαιτυμόνες δʼ ἀνὰ δώματʼ ἀκουάζωνται ἀοιδοῦ","translation":"and the banqueters throughout the halls listen to a bard","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l7.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δαιτυμόνες","lemma":"δαιτυμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀκουάζωνται","gloss":"banqueters"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"δώματ","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἀνὰ","gloss":"the halls"},{"surface":"ἀκουάζωνται","lemma":"ἀκουάζομαι","morphology":"present subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"listen to","note":"Subjunctive continuing the general 'when' clause begun in l6, describing repeated custom."},{"surface":"ἀοιδοῦ","lemma":"ἀοιδός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀκουάζωνται","gloss":"a bard"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"b9-l8","source":"ἥμενοι ἑξείης, παρὰ δὲ πλήθωσι τράπεζαι","translation":"as they sit in their rows, and beside them the tables are laden","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l8.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενοι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀκουάζωνται","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἑξείης","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥμενοι","gloss":"in rows"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πλήθωσι","lemma":"πλήθω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"are laden","note":"πλήθω 'to be full of' + genitive of the stuff (σίτου, κρειῶν) in the next line."},{"surface":"τράπεζαι","lemma":"τράπεζα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of πλήθωσι","gloss":"the tables"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"b9-l9","source":"σίτου καὶ κρειῶν, μέθυ δʼ ἐκ κρητῆρος ἀφύσσων","translation":"with bread and meats, and drawing wine from the mixing-bowl","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σίτου","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with bread"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κρειῶν","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"with meats"},{"surface":"μέθυ","lemma":"μέθυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρητῆρος","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"the mixing-bowl"},{"surface":"ἀφύσσων","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"drawing/ladling","note":"ἀφύσσω, of dipping wine from the krater — vivid feast-scene detail."}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"b9-l10","source":"οἰνοχόος φορέῃσι καὶ ἐγχείῃ δεπάεσσι·","translation":"the cup-bearer carries it round and pours it into the cups.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἰνοχόος","lemma":"οἰνοχόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the cup-bearer"},{"surface":"φορέῃσι","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"carries round"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγχείῃ","lemma":"ἐγχέω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"pours"},{"surface":"δεπάεσσι","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐγχείῃ","gloss":"into cups"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"b9-l11","source":"τοῦτό τί μοι κάλλιστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι.","translation":"This seems to my mind to be the fairest thing of all.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦτό","lemma":"οὗτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἶναι","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴδεται","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κάλλιστον","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"fairest","note":"Superlative of καλός, echoing καλὸν in l3 — Odysseus's feast-praise bracketed by the same adjective."},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶν","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"heart/mind"},{"surface":"εἴδεται","lemma":"εἴδομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seems"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εἴδεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"b9-l12","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἐμὰ κήδεα θυμὸς ἐπετράπετο στονόεντα","translation":"But your heart was moved to ask about my grievous sorrows,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of εἴρεσθ᾽","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὰ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κήδεα","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἴρεσθ᾽","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπετράπετο","gloss":"heart/spirit"},{"surface":"ἐπετράπετο","lemma":"ἐπιτρέπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned to","note":"Middle of ἐπιτρέπω, 'was moved/inclined' — heart as the seat of intent turning toward asking."},{"surface":"στονόεντα","lemma":"στονόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδεα","gloss":"grievous"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"b9-l13","source":"εἴρεσθʼ, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον ὀδυρόμενος στεναχίζω·","translation":"so that I may grieve and groan still more in my mourning.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l13.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴρεσθ","lemma":"εἴρω","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐπετράπετο","gloss":"to ask","note":"εἴρω/εἴρομαι 'to ask, inquire' — completes ἐπετράπετο 'your heart turned to ask.'"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μᾶλλον","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀδυρόμενος","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενος","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to στεναχίζω","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"στεναχίζω","lemma":"στεναχίζω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I may groan"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"b9-l14","source":"τί πρῶτόν τοι ἔπειτα, τί δʼ ὑστάτιον καταλέξω;","translation":"What, then, shall I tell you first, and what last of all?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l14.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"πρῶτόν","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of καταλέξω","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑστάτιον","lemma":"ὑστάτιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to καταλέξω","gloss":"last of all"},{"surface":"καταλέξω","lemma":"καταλέγω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shall I tell","note":"πρῶτον...ὑστάτιον 'first...last' frames the whole tale Odysseus is about to narrate."}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"b9-l15","source":"κήδεʼ ἐπεί μοι πολλὰ δόσαν θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες.","translation":"since the gods of heaven have given me sorrows in plenty.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Οὐρανίωνες","title":"The Ouranian gods","body":"\"The sons of Heaven,\" a poetic title for the Olympian gods as descendants of Ouranos (Sky)."}],"words":[{"surface":"κήδε","lemma":"κῆδος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"sorrows"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κήδε᾽","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"Οὐρανίωνες","lemma":"Οὐρανίωνες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"of Heaven","note":"Οὐρανίωνες, patronymic-style epithet 'sons of Uranus/Heaven' for the gods."}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"b9-l16","source":"νῦν δʼ ὄνομα πρῶτον μυθήσομαι, ὄφρα καὶ ὑμεῖς","translation":"Now first I will tell my name, so that you too","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μυθήσομαι","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄνομα","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of μυθήσομαι","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"πρῶτον","lemma":"πρότερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to μυθήσομαι","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"μυθήσομαι","lemma":"μυθέομαι","morphology":"future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I will tell","note":"Famous line: Odysseus finally names himself to the Phaeacians after long anonymity."},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ὑμεῖς","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative plural pronoun","role":"subject of εἴδετ᾽","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"b9-l17","source":"εἴδετʼ, ἐγὼ δʼ ἂν ἔπειτα φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ","translation":"may know it, and that I, once I have escaped the pitiless day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νηλεὲς ἦμαρ","title":"\"the pitiless day\"","body":"A formulaic phrase for the day of doom or death; here Odysseus means surviving his perils. Homer often pairs ἦμαρ (day) with such adjectives."}],"words":[{"surface":"εἴδετ","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"may know","note":"Perfect-stem subjunctive of οἶδα, 'know' — result sense: 'so that you may (come to) know.'"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἐάν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(if) ever"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔω","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"φυγὼν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔω","gloss":"escaping"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from under"},{"surface":"νηλεὲς","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φυγὼν","gloss":"day (of death)","note":"ἦμαρ νηλεές 'pitiless day' is a euphemism for death/doom, common Homeric formula."}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"b9-l18","source":"ὑμῖν ξεῖνος ἔω καὶ ἀπόπροθι δώματα ναίων.","translation":"may be a guest-friend to you, though I dwell in a home far off.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑμῖν","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative plural pronoun","role":"object of ἔω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ξεῖνος","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a guest-friend","note":"ξεῖνος evokes xenia, the guest-host bond central to Odyssey ethics."},{"surface":"ἔω","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"may be"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθι","lemma":"ἀπόπροθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναίων","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"δώματα","lemma":"δῶμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίων","gloss":"a home"},{"surface":"ναίων","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔω","gloss":"dwelling"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"b9-l19","source":"εἴμʼ Ὀδυσεὺς Λαερτιάδης, ὃς πᾶσι δόλοισιν","translation":"I am Odysseus, son of Laertes, who for all my cunning","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l19.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴμ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεὺς","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Odysseus","note":"The long-delayed self-naming: 'I am Odysseus' — a pivotal moment in Book 9."},{"surface":"Λαερτιάδης","lemma":"Λαερτιάδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"son of Laertes"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μέλω","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πᾶσι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλοισιν","gloss":"for all"},{"surface":"δόλοισιν","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μέλω","gloss":"my wiles/tricks"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"b9-l20","source":"ἀνθρώποισι μέλω, καί μευ κλέος οὐρανὸν ἵκει.","translation":"am known to men, and my fame reaches to heaven.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l20.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"kleos: glory","body":"kleos is the renown a hero wins and that survives in song; \"my fame reaches heaven\" is a recurring image of boundless glory."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώποισι","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μέλω","gloss":"to men"},{"surface":"μέλω","lemma":"μέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ὀδυσεὺς","gloss":"am known","note":"μέλω 'be an object of care/concern (to someone)' — idiomatic 'I am a matter of note to men.'"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μευ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἵκει","gloss":"fame","note":"κλέος, the epic 'glory/renown' that is the poem's central value — reaching to heaven itself."},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἵκει","gloss":"heaven"},{"surface":"ἵκει","lemma":"ἵκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"reaches"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"b9-l21","source":"ναιετάω δʼ Ἰθάκην ἐυδείελον· ἐν δʼ ὄρος αὐτῇ","translation":"I dwell in clear-skied Ithaca; on it there is a mountain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l21.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ναιετάω","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I dwell"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκην","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ναιετάω","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἐυδείελον","lemma":"εὐδείελος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἰθάκην","gloss":"clear-skied","note":"εὐδείελος, a standing epithet for Ithaca, 'visible from afar / sun-drenched.'"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a mountain"},{"surface":"αὐτῇ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"on it"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"b9-l22","source":"Νήριτον εἰνοσίφυλλον, ἀριπρεπές· ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆσοι","translation":"Neriton, its leaves trembling, conspicuous; and round about lie islands,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l22.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Νήριτον","lemma":"Νήριτον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρος","gloss":"Neriton","note":"Mount Neriton, the famous peak of Ithaca mentioned elsewhere in the poem."},{"surface":"εἰνοσίφυλλον","lemma":"εἰνοσίφυλλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"leaf-shaking","note":"εἰνοσίφυλλος, 'shaking its foliage' — vivid compound epithet for the wooded mountain."},{"surface":"ἀριπρεπές","lemma":"ἀριπρεπής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"conspicuous"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ναιετάουσι","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆσοι","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"islands"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"b9-l23","source":"πολλαὶ ναιετάουσι μάλα σχεδὸν ἀλλήλῃσι,","translation":"many of them, very close to one another,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l23.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλαὶ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆσοι","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ναιετάουσι","lemma":"ναιετάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lie/dwell"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλῃσι","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies σχεδὸν","gloss":"to one another"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"b9-l24","source":"Δουλίχιόν τε Σάμη τε καὶ ὑλήεσσα Ζάκυνθος.","translation":"Dulichium and Same and wooded Zacynthus.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Δουλίχιόν","lemma":"Δουλίχιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Dulichium","note":"One of the islands in Odysseus's realm, part of the Ithacan geography catalog."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Σάμη","lemma":"Σάμη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Same"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑλήεσσα","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ζάκυνθος","gloss":"wooded"},{"surface":"Ζάκυνθος","lemma":"Ζάκυνθος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zacynthus"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"b9-l25","source":"αὐτὴ δὲ χθαμαλὴ πανυπερτάτη εἰν ἁλὶ κεῖται","translation":"Ithaca itself lies low, highest up in the sea,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l25.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὴ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject of κεῖται","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"χθαμαλὴ","lemma":"χθαμαλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"low-lying","note":"χθαμαλή 'low' famously contrasted by ancient scholars with 'highest' — a crux of Ithaca's identification."},{"surface":"πανυπερτάτη","lemma":"πανυπέρτατος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"highest up"},{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἁλὶ","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἰν","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"κεῖται","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"b9-l26","source":"πρὸς ζόφον, αἱ δέ τʼ ἄνευθε πρὸς ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε,","translation":"toward the dark west, while the others lie apart toward the dawn and the sun,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l26.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ζόφον","title":"zophos: the gloomy west","body":"zophos means the murky darkness associated with the west and the underworld, contrasted here with the dawn (ἠώς) in the east."}],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ζόφον","lemma":"ζόφος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πρὸς","gloss":"the dark/west"},{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"the others (islands)"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνευθε","lemma":"ἄνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the dawn"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιόν","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the sun","note":"ἠῶ...ἠέλιον 'dawn and sun' = east, paired with ζόφον 'gloom' = west in the same couplet."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"b9-l27","source":"τρηχεῖʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀγαθὴ κουροτρόφος· οὔ τοι ἐγώ γε","translation":"a rugged land, but a good nurse of young men; and for myself","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l27.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρηχεῖ","lemma":"τραχύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rugged"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀγαθὴ","lemma":"ἀγαθός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies κουροτρόφος","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"κουροτρόφος","lemma":"κουρότροφος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"nurse of youths","note":"κουροτρόφος, 'rearer of young men' — praise-epithet for a harsh but character-forming homeland."},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δύναμαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"b9-l28","source":"ἧς γαίης δύναμαι γλυκερώτερον ἄλλο ἰδέσθαι.","translation":"I can see nothing sweeter to behold than my own country.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l28.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies γλυκερώτερον","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"δύναμαι","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am able"},{"surface":"γλυκερώτερον","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"modifies ἄλλο","gloss":"sweeter"},{"surface":"ἄλλο","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἰδέσθαι","gloss":"anything else"},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δύναμαι","gloss":"to see","note":"Odysseus's famous declaration of homeland-love closing the self-introduction speech."}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"b9-l29","source":"ἦ μέν μʼ αὐτόθʼ ἔρυκε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων,","translation":"Truly Calypso, shining among goddesses, kept me there,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l29.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"ἦ μέν pairs an affirming particle with μέν for emphatic 'truly, in fact'."},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔρυκε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὐτόθ","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἔρυκε","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept, detained"},{"surface":"Καλυψώ","lemma":"Καλυψώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔρυκε","gloss":"Calypso"},{"surface":"δῖα","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Καλυψώ","gloss":"shining, divine","note":"δῖα θεάων 'shining among goddesses' is a fixed Homeric epithet formula for a goddess."},{"surface":"θεάων","lemma":"θεά","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies δῖα","gloss":"of goddesses"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"b9-l30","source":"ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι·","translation":"in her hollow caves, longing to have me for her husband;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l30.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπέσσι","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"caves","note":"σπέσσι is an old dative plural in -εσσι, an epic/Aeolic ending rare outside Homer."},{"surface":"γλαφυροῖσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέσσι","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"λιλαιομένη","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔρυκε","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of λιλαιομένη","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"b9-l31","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως Κίρκη κατερήτυεν ἐν μεγάροισιν","translation":"and in the same way Circe detained me in her halls,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l31.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατερήτυεν","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὔτως","lemma":"αὔτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατερήτυεν","gloss":"in the same way","note":"ὣς αὔτως 'just so' echoes the previous line, framing Circe as a parallel case to Calypso."},{"surface":"Κίρκη","lemma":"Κίρκη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Circe"},{"surface":"κατερήτυεν","lemma":"κατερητύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"detained, held back"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μεγάροισιν","lemma":"μέγαρον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"halls"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"b9-l32","source":"Αἰαίη δολόεσσα, λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι·","translation":"the guileful Aeaean, longing to have me for her husband;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l32.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Αἰαίη","lemma":"Αἰαίη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"subject","gloss":"Aeaean","note":"Αἰαίη, 'of Aeaea' (her island), used as Circe's standing epithet in place of her name."},{"surface":"δολόεσσα","lemma":"δολόεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Αἰαίη","gloss":"guileful, crafty"},{"surface":"λιλαιομένη","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to κατερήτυεν","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"πόσιν","lemma":"πόσις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of λιλαιομένη","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"b9-l33","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμὸν οὔ ποτε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθον.","translation":"but never did they persuade the heart within my breast.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l33.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ποτε","lemma":"ποτέ","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to ἔπειθον","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔπειθον","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"στήθεσσιν","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"breast"},{"surface":"ἔπειθον","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"persuaded"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"b9-l34","source":"ὣς οὐδὲν γλύκιον ἧς πατρίδος οὐδὲ τοκήων","translation":"So there is nothing sweeter than one's own homeland and parents,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l34.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γίγνεται","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"οὐδὲν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of γίγνεται","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"γλύκιον","lemma":"γλύκιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὐδὲν","gloss":"sweeter"},{"surface":"ἧς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πατρίδος","gloss":"one's own","note":"ἧς is the possessive adjective ἑός/ἥ 'his/her own', an epic reflexive form rare in later Greek."},{"surface":"πατρίδος","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies οὐ","gloss":"homeland"},{"surface":"τοκήων","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οὐ","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"b9-l35","source":"γίγνεται, εἴ περ καί τις ἀπόπροθι πίονα οἶκον","translation":"even if a man dwells in a rich house far away","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l35.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is, becomes"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναίει","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθι","lemma":"ἀπόπροθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ναίει","gloss":"far away"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"rich"},{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ναίει","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"b9-l36","source":"γαίῃ ἐν ἀλλοδαπῇ ναίει ἀπάνευθε τοκήων.","translation":"in a foreign land, apart from his parents.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l36.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαπῇ","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίῃ","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"ναίει","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"dwells"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθε","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"apart from"},{"surface":"τοκήων","lemma":"τοκεύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπάνευθε","gloss":"parents"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"b9-l37","source":"εἰ δʼ ἄγε τοι καὶ νόστον ἐμὸν πολυκηδέʼ ἐνίσπω,","translation":"But come, let me tell you also of my grievous homecoming,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l37.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νόστον","title":"nostos: the homecoming","body":"nostos, the return home, is the central theme of the whole poem; here it is qualified as πολυκηδέα, \"full of woes.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"well then","note":"εἰ δ᾽ ἄγε is a stock exhortation 'come now', not a real conditional εἰ here."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐνίσπω","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"νόστον","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνίσπω","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"πολυκηδέ","lemma":"πολυκηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies νόστον","gloss":"grievous"},{"surface":"ἐνίσπω","lemma":"ἐνέπω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let me tell","note":"ἐνίσπω is an aorist subjunctive (hortatory 'let me tell') from ἐνέπω, an epic verb of narrating."}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"b9-l38","source":"ὅν μοι Ζεὺς ἐφέηκεν ἀπὸ Τροίηθεν ἰόντι.","translation":"which Zeus laid upon me as I journeyed from Troy.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l38.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφέηκεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐφέηκεν","gloss":"upon me"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐφέηκεν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἐφέηκεν","lemma":"ἐφίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νόστον","gloss":"sent, laid"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Τροίηθεν","lemma":"Τροίαθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἰόντι","gloss":"from Troy","note":"Τροίηθεν uses the epic directional suffix -θεν 'from Troy', common in Homeric place adverbs."},{"surface":"ἰόντι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going, journeying"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"b9-l39","source":"Ἰλιόθεν με φέρων ἄνεμος Κικόνεσσι πέλασσεν,","translation":"From Ilium the wind carried me and brought me near the Cicones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l39.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰλιόθεν","lemma":"Ἰλιόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρων","gloss":"from Ilium"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέλασσεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέλασσεν","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πέλασσεν","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"Κικόνεσσι","lemma":"Κίκονες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"to the Cicones"},{"surface":"πέλασσεν","lemma":"πελάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"brought near"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"b9-l40","source":"Ἰσμάρῳ. ἔνθα δʼ ἐγὼ πόλιν ἔπραθον, ὤλεσα δʼ αὐτούς·","translation":"to Ismarus. There I sacked the city and destroyed its men;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l40.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ἰσμάρῳ","lemma":"Ἴσμαρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"Ismarus","note":"Enjambment: Ἰσμάρῳ completes the previous line's πέλασσεν before the new sentence begins."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔπραθον","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"ἔπραθον","lemma":"πέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacked"},{"surface":"ὤλεσα","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ὤλεσα","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"b9-l41","source":"ἐκ πόλιος δʼ ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματα πολλὰ λαβόντες","translation":"and from the city, taking their wives and much treasure,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l41.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόλιος","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλόχους","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κτήματα","lemma":"κτῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"treasure"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κτήματα","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"λαβόντες","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δασσάμεθ᾽","gloss":"taking"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"b9-l42","source":"δασσάμεθʼ, ὡς μή τίς μοι ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης.","translation":"we divided it up, so that none might go cheated of an equal share.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l42.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δασσάμεθ","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we divided"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κίοι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀτεμβόμενος","gloss":"me (of)"},{"surface":"ἀτεμβόμενος","lemma":"ἀτέμβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίοι","gloss":"being cheated"},{"surface":"κίοι","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"might go","note":"κίοι is present optative of κίω expressing purpose ('so that none might go'), a wish-like Homeric usage."},{"surface":"ἴσης","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἀτεμβόμενος","gloss":"equal share"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"b9-l43","source":"ἔνθʼ ἦ τοι μὲν ἐγὼ διερῷ ποδὶ φευγέμεν ἡμέας","translation":"Then indeed I urged that we flee with nimble foot,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l43.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠνώγεα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"διερῷ","lemma":"διερός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ποδὶ","gloss":"nimble, swift","note":"διερῷ ποδί 'with nimble/quick foot' is a vivid dative-of-manner formula for urgent flight."},{"surface":"ποδὶ","lemma":"πούς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to φευγέμεν","gloss":"foot"},{"surface":"φευγέμεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἠνώγεα","gloss":"to flee"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φευγέμεν","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"b9-l44","source":"ἠνώγεα, τοὶ δὲ μέγα νήπιοι οὐκ ἐπίθοντο.","translation":"but the great fools would not obey.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l44.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νήπιοι","title":"nêpioi: blind fools","body":"nêpios marks people who fail to grasp the consequences of their action; here the men's heedlessness leads to disaster."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἠνώγεα","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I urged","note":"ἠνώγεα is pluperfect in form but used with simple past force, an epic idiom of ἄνωγα."},{"surface":"τοὶ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐπίθοντο","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to νήπιοι","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"νήπιοι","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"foolish"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐπίθοντο","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"obeyed"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"b9-l45","source":"ἔνθα δὲ πολλὸν μὲν μέθυ πίνετο, πολλὰ δὲ μῆλα","translation":"There much wine was drunk, and many sheep","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l45.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δὲ","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέθυ","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"μέθυ","lemma":"μέθυ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of πίνετο","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"πίνετο","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was drunk"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"b9-l46","source":"ἔσφαζον παρὰ θῖνα καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς·","translation":"they slaughtered along the shore, and shambling crook-horned cattle.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l46.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσφαζον","lemma":"σφάζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they slaughtered"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"θῖνα","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰλίποδας","lemma":"εἰλίπους","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"shambling","note":"εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς 'shambling, crumple-horned cattle' is a fixed Homeric cattle epithet pair."},{"surface":"ἕλικας","lemma":"ἕλιξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies βοῦς","gloss":"crook-horned"},{"surface":"βοῦς","lemma":"βοῦς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cattle"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"b9-l47","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ οἰχόμενοι Κίκονες Κικόνεσσι γεγώνευν,","translation":"Meanwhile the Cicones went and called out to other Cicones,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l47.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to γεγώνευν","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"οἰχόμενοι","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to γεγώνευν","gloss":"going off"},{"surface":"Κίκονες","lemma":"Κίκονες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of γεγώνευν","gloss":"Cicones"},{"surface":"Κικόνεσσι","lemma":"Κίκονες","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of γεγώνευν","gloss":"to the Cicones","note":"Κίκονες...Κικόνεσσι, subject and object using the same name, stresses neighbor calling neighbor."},{"surface":"γεγώνευν","lemma":"γεγωνέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out, shouted"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"b9-l48","source":"οἵ σφιν γείτονες ἦσαν, ἅμα πλέονες καὶ ἀρείους,","translation":"who were their neighbors, more in number and better men,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l48.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies γείτονες","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"γείτονες","lemma":"γείτων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"neighbors"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κικόνεσσι","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἅμα","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"together, at once"},{"surface":"πλέονες","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"more numerous"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀρείους","lemma":"ἀρείων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"braver","note":"πλέονες καὶ ἀρείους are irregular comparatives (πολύς, ἀγαθός) marking these Cicones as a tougher reinforcement."}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"b9-l49","source":"ἤπειρον ναίοντες, ἐπιστάμενοι μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων","translation":"dwelling inland, skilled at fighting men from chariots","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l49.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤπειρον","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ναίοντες","gloss":"inland"},{"surface":"ναίοντες","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"dwelling"},{"surface":"ἐπιστάμενοι","lemma":"ἐφίστημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"skilled"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἵππων","lemma":"ἵππος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀφ᾽","gloss":"horses, chariots"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"b9-l50","source":"ἀνδράσι μάρνασθαι καὶ ὅθι χρὴ πεζὸν ἐόντα.","translation":"and, where need be, on foot as well.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l50.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μάρνασθαι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"μάρνασθαι","lemma":"μάρναμαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἐπιστάμενοι","gloss":"to fight"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χρὴ","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"χρὴ","lemma":"χρή","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"it is necessary"},{"surface":"πεζὸν","lemma":"πεζός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"on foot"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"object of χρὴ","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"b9-l51","source":"ἦλθον ἔπειθʼ ὅσα φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ,","translation":"They came then as many as the leaves and flowers that grow in their season,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l51.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὅσα φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα","title":"\"as many as leaves and flowers\"","body":"A classic Homeric simile of multitude; the enemy's numbers are likened to spring foliage and blossom."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦλθον","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they came"},{"surface":"ἔπειθ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦλθον","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅσα","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"φύλλα","lemma":"φύλλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"leaves","note":"ὅσα φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα 'as many as leaves and flowers' is an epic simile of overwhelming numbers."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνθεα","lemma":"ἄνθος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"γίγνεται","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"grow, appear"},{"surface":"ὥρῃ","lemma":"ὥρη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to γίγνεται","gloss":"in season"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"b9-l52","source":"ἠέριοι· τότε δή ῥα κακὴ Διὸς αἶσα παρέστη","translation":"at dawn; and then the evil doom of Zeus came upon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l52.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠέριοι","lemma":"ἠέριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at dawn"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παρέστη","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κακὴ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶσα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies αἶσα","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἶσα","lemma":"αἶσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of παρέστη","gloss":"doom, portion","note":"Διὸς αἶσα 'the doom/portion of Zeus' personifies fate as sent directly by the god."},{"surface":"παρέστη","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came upon"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"b9-l53","source":"ἡμῖν αἰνομόροισιν, ἵνʼ ἄλγεα πολλὰ πάθοιμεν.","translation":"us, ill-fated men, that we might suffer many griefs.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l53.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of παρέστη","gloss":"upon us"},{"surface":"αἰνομόροισιν","lemma":"αἰνόμορος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ill-fated"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάθοιμεν","gloss":"griefs"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλγεα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"πάθοιμεν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"we might suffer"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"b9-l54","source":"στησάμενοι δʼ ἐμάχοντο μάχην παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσι,","translation":"They drew up and fought their battle beside the swift ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l54.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"στησάμενοι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"drawing up (in ranks)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμάχοντο","lemma":"μάχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fought"},{"surface":"μάχην","lemma":"μάχη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμάχοντο","gloss":"battle","note":"μάχην ἐμάχοντο, a cognate accusative 'fought a fight', a common Homeric intensifying construction."},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"θοῇσι","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"b9-l55","source":"βάλλον δʼ ἀλλήλους χαλκήρεσιν ἐγχείῃσιν.","translation":"and they hurled at one another with bronze-tipped spears.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l55.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλον","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they hurled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of βάλλον","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"χαλκήρεσιν","lemma":"χαλκήρης","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἐγχείῃσιν","gloss":"bronze-tipped"},{"surface":"ἐγχείῃσιν","lemma":"ἐγχείη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to βάλλον","gloss":"spears"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"b9-l56","source":"ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ἱερὸν ἦμαρ,","translation":"So long as it was morning and the sacred day was waxing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l56.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as long as"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἠὼς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"dawn"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀέξετο","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"was waxing"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἀέξετο","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"b9-l57","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἀλεξόμενοι μένομεν πλέονάς περ ἐόντας.","translation":"so long we held our ground and beat them off, though they were more.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l57.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόφρα","lemma":"τόφρα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μένομεν","gloss":"so long"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and/but"},{"surface":"ἀλεξόμενοι","lemma":"ἀλέξω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μένομεν","gloss":"defending ourselves"},{"surface":"μένομεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we held ground"},{"surface":"πλέονάς","lemma":"πλείων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"more (in number)","note":"comparative πλείων used as predicate: 'though being more' concessive."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though","note":"περ + participle marks a concessive clause: 'though they were more.'"},{"surface":"ἐόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"b9-l58","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος μετενίσσετο βουλυτόνδε,","translation":"But when the sun moved toward the hour of unyoking the oxen,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l58.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μετενίσσετο","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"μετενίσσετο","lemma":"μετανίσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"moved along","note":"μετανίσσομαι, epic verb 'pass on/move'; imperfect for the sun's steady motion."},{"surface":"βουλυτόνδε","lemma":"βουλυτόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μετενίσσετο","gloss":"toward unyoking time","note":"βουλυτόνδε: 'to ox-loosing' + directional -δε suffix, i.e. evening."}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"b9-l59","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ Κίκονες κλῖναν δαμάσαντες Ἀχαιούς.","translation":"then the Cicones overpowered and routed the Achaeans.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l59.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κλῖναν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κίκονες","lemma":"Κίκονες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of κλῖναν","gloss":"the Cicones"},{"surface":"κλῖναν","lemma":"κλίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"routed"},{"surface":"δαμάσαντες","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κλῖναν","gloss":"overpowering"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιούς","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of δαμάσαντες","gloss":"the Achaeans"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"b9-l60","source":"ἓξ δʼ ἀφʼ ἑκάστης νηὸς ἐυκνήμιδες ἑταῖροι","translation":"Six well-greaved comrades from each ship","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l60.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἓξ","lemma":"ἕξ","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"six"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἑκάστης","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἀφ᾽","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐυκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"well-greaved","note":"ἐυκνήμις 'with fine greaves,' a stock Homeric epithet for warriors, here of the comrades."},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ὤλονθ᾽","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"b9-l61","source":"ὤλονθʼ· οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι φύγομεν θάνατόν τε μόρον τε.","translation":"perished; the rest of us escaped death and doom.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l61.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὤλονθ","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished","note":"ὄλλυμι middle 'were destroyed'; the verb opens the line, delaying the grim news for effect."},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλοι","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of φύγομεν","gloss":"the rest"},{"surface":"φύγομεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we escaped"},{"surface":"θάνατόν","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μόρον","lemma":"μόρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"doom"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε pairs the two nouns 'death and doom,' a common epic doubling for emphasis."}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"b9-l62","source":"ἔνθεν δὲ προτέρω πλέομεν ἀκαχήμενοι ἦτορ,","translation":"From there we sailed onward, grieving in our hearts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l62.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πλέομεν","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πλέομεν","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"πλέομεν","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sailed"},{"surface":"ἀκαχήμενοι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"grieving","note":"ἀκαχήμενοι, present participle of ἀχεύω, expressing a lingering emotional state of grief (note: the fixed morphology tags this as present, not perfect)."},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀκαχήμενοι","gloss":"in heart","note":"ἦτορ as accusative of respect: 'grieving [in] heart.'"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"b9-l63","source":"ἄσμενοι ἐκ θανάτοιο, φίλους ὀλέσαντες ἑταίρους.","translation":"glad to be alive after death, but having lost dear comrades.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l63.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσμενοι","lemma":"ἄσμενος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"φίλους","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ὀλέσαντες","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having lost"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσαντες","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"b9-l64","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρα μοι προτέρω νῆες κίον ἀμφιέλισσαι,","translation":"Yet my curved ships did not go onward","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l64.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"my","note":"dative of possession: 'to me' = 'my ships.'"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κίον","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of κίον","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κίον","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ἀμφιέλισσαι","lemma":"ἀμφιέλισσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"curved","note":"ἀμφιέλισσα 'curved on both ends,' a formulaic epithet for ships."}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"b9-l65","source":"πρίν τινα τῶν δειλῶν ἑτάρων τρὶς ἕκαστον ἀῦσαι,","translation":"before we had called, three times each, on every one of our poor comrades","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l65.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρίν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἕκαστον","gloss":"some/each"},{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine article","role":"modifies δειλῶν","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"δειλῶν","lemma":"δειλός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάρων","gloss":"poor"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἕκαστον","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀῦσαι","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀῦσαι","gloss":"each one"},{"surface":"ἀῦσαι","lemma":"αὔω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρίν","gloss":"had called out","note":"aorist infinitive after πρίν, expressing an action prior to the main clause."}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"b9-l66","source":"οἳ θάνον ἐν πεδίῳ Κικόνων ὕπο δῃωθέντες.","translation":"who died on the plain, cut down by the Cicones.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l66.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of θάνον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"θάνον","lemma":"θνήσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἑτάρων","gloss":"died"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πεδίῳ","lemma":"πεδίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"the plain"},{"surface":"Κικόνων","lemma":"Κίκονες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὕπο","gloss":"of the Cicones"},{"surface":"ὕπο","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by (agent)","note":"ὕπο with genitive marks agent 'by the Cicones,' postposed preposition (anastrophe)."},{"surface":"δῃωθέντες","lemma":"δηιόω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θάνον","gloss":"cut down"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"b9-l67","source":"νηυσὶ δʼ ἐπῶρσʼ ἄνεμον Βορέην νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς","translation":"Then cloud-gathering Zeus roused the North Wind against our ships","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l67.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"νεφεληγερέτα","title":"\"cloud-gatherer\" Zeus","body":"A fixed epithet of Zeus as the storm-god who marshals the clouds. Such name-plus-epithet formulas are a hallmark of oral hexameter."}],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπῶρσ᾽","gloss":"against ships"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπῶρσ","lemma":"ἐπόρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused"},{"surface":"ἄνεμον","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπῶρσ᾽","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"Βορέην","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνεμον","gloss":"the North Wind"},{"surface":"νεφεληγερέτα","lemma":"νεφεληγερέτα","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζεὺς","gloss":"cloud-gathering","note":"νεφεληγερέτα, stock epithet of Zeus as storm-god."},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπῶρσ᾽","gloss":"Zeus"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"b9-l68","source":"λαίλαπι θεσπεσίῃ, σὺν δὲ νεφέεσσι κάλυψε","translation":"with a tremendous tempest, and with clouds he covered","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l68.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαίλαπι","lemma":"λαῖλαψ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπῶρσ᾽","gloss":"with a storm"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίῃ","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies λαίλαπι","gloss":"tremendous"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νεφέεσσι","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"κάλυψε","lemma":"καλύπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"covered"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"b9-l69","source":"γαῖαν ὁμοῦ καὶ πόντον· ὀρώρει δʼ οὐρανόθεν νύξ.","translation":"land and sea alike; and night rose up from the sky.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l69.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ὀρώρει","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had risen","note":"pluperfect ὀρώρει used for vivid immediacy: night 'had already risen' from the sky as the storm-clouds covered land and sea, not before it."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀρώρει","gloss":"from the sky"},{"surface":"νύξ","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀρώρει","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"b9-l70","source":"αἱ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐφέροντʼ ἐπικάρσιαι, ἱστία δέ σφιν","translation":"The ships were driven headlong, and the force of the wind","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l70.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφέροντ᾽","gloss":"the (ships)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφέροντ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐφέροντ","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were driven"},{"surface":"ἐπικάρσιαι","lemma":"ἐπικάρσιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"headlong","note":"ἐπικάρσιαι literally 'athwart, crosswise'; rendered 'headlong' here to convey the ships pitching wildly out of control in the gale."},{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of διέσχισεν","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἱστία","gloss":"their"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"b9-l71","source":"τριχθά τε καὶ τετραχθὰ διέσχισεν ἲς ἀνέμοιο.","translation":"tore their sails into three and four pieces.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l71.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τριχθά","lemma":"τριχθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"into three"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τετραχθὰ","lemma":"τετραχθά","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"into four","note":"τριχθά...τετραχθά, rare numeral adverbs 'threefold/fourfold,' vividly picturing shredded sails."},{"surface":"διέσχισεν","lemma":"διασχίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tore apart"},{"surface":"ἲς","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of διέσχισεν","gloss":"the force"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοιο","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἲς","gloss":"of the wind"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"b9-l72","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐς νῆας κάθεμεν, δείσαντες ὄλεθρον,","translation":"These we lowered into the ships, fearing destruction,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l72.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of κάθεμεν","gloss":"these (sails)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"κάθεμεν","lemma":"καθίημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we lowered"},{"surface":"δείσαντες","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κάθεμεν","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δείσαντες","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"b9-l73","source":"αὐτὰς δʼ ἐσσυμένως προερέσσαμεν ἤπειρόνδε.","translation":"and rowed the ships hard toward the mainland.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l73.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"object of προερέσσαμεν","gloss":"the ships themselves"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐσσυμένως","lemma":"ἐσσύμενος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προερέσσαμεν","gloss":"hastily"},{"surface":"προερέσσαμεν","lemma":"προερέσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we rowed forward"},{"surface":"ἤπειρόνδε","lemma":"ἤπειρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of προερέσσαμεν","gloss":"toward the mainland","note":"ἤπειρόνδε, directional -δε suffix 'to(ward) the mainland,' no preposition needed."}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"b9-l74","source":"ἔνθα δύω νύκτας δύο τʼ ἤματα συνεχὲς αἰεὶ","translation":"There for two nights and two days continually","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l74.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κείμεθ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νύκτας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"νύκτας","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"δύο","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"συνεχὲς","lemma":"συνεχής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to κείμεθ᾽","gloss":"continuously"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to συνεχὲς","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"b9-l75","source":"κείμεθʼ, ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ἔδοντες.","translation":"we lay, eating our hearts out with weariness and pain alike.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l75.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θυμὸν ἔδοντες","title":"\"eating our hearts out\"","body":"A vivid Homeric idiom for inward grief: literally \"devouring the spirit (thymos).\""}],"words":[{"surface":"κείμεθ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we lay"},{"surface":"ὁμοῦ","lemma":"ὁμοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"καμάτῳ","lemma":"κάματος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with weariness"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλγεσι","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"with pains"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδοντες","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κείμεθ᾽","gloss":"eating away","note":"θυμὸν ἔδοντες, 'eating the heart/spirit' — Homeric idiom for consuming grief."}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"b9-l76","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τρίτον ἦμαρ ἐυπλόκαμος τέλεσʼ Ἠώς,","translation":"But when fair-haired Dawn brought on the third day,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l76.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τρίτον","lemma":"τρίτος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of τέλεσ᾽","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"ἐυπλόκαμος","lemma":"εὐπλόκαμος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"fair-haired","note":"ἐυπλόκαμος, stock epithet of Dawn ('with lovely locks')."},{"surface":"τέλεσ","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"brought on"},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τέλεσ᾽","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"b9-l77","source":"ἱστοὺς στησάμενοι ἀνά θʼ ἱστία λεύκʼ ἐρύσαντες","translation":"we set up our masts, hauled up the white sails,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l77.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστοὺς","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of στησάμενοι","gloss":"masts"},{"surface":"στησάμενοι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"having set up"},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρύσαντες","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"λεύκ","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱστία","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"ἐρύσαντες","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to θ᾽","gloss":"having hauled"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"b9-l78","source":"ἥμεθα, τὰς δʼ ἄνεμός τε κυβερνῆταί τʼ ἴθυνον.","translation":"and sat, and the wind and the helmsmen kept the ships straight.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l78.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμεθα","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sat"},{"surface":"τὰς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἴθυνον","gloss":"them (ships)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνεμός","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"the wind"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κυβερνῆταί","lemma":"κυβερνήτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"the helmsmen"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴθυνον","lemma":"ἰθύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"steered"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"b9-l79","source":"καί νύ κεν ἀσκηθὴς ἱκόμην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν·","translation":"And now I would have reached my homeland unharmed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l79.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and","note":"καί νύ κεν + aorist indicative expresses unreal past ('would have'), a contrary-to-fact regret."},{"surface":"νύ","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκόμην","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have (particle)"},{"surface":"ἀσκηθὴς","lemma":"ἀσκηθής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unharmed"},{"surface":"ἱκόμην","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would have reached"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"b9-l80","source":"ἀλλά με κῦμα ῥόος τε περιγνάμπτοντα Μάλειαν","translation":"but as I was rounding Cape Malea the wave and the current","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l80.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπέωσε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"ῥόος","lemma":"ῥόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the current"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"περιγνάμπτοντα","lemma":"περιγνάμπτω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rounding","note":"περιγνάμπτω, rare compound 'bend around,' vivid for navigating the treacherous cape."},{"surface":"Μάλειαν","lemma":"Μάλεια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of περιγνάμπτοντα","gloss":"Cape Malea","note":"Μάλεια, a real and notoriously dangerous headland at the southern tip of the Peloponnese."}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"b9-l81","source":"καὶ Βορέης ἀπέωσε, παρέπλαγξεν δὲ Κυθήρων.","translation":"and the North Wind drove me back and forced me past Cythera.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l81.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Βορέης","lemma":"Βορέας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"the North Wind"},{"surface":"ἀπέωσε","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove back"},{"surface":"παρέπλαγξεν","lemma":"παραπλάζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forced astray"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κυθήρων","lemma":"Κύθηρα","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"object of παρέπλαγξεν","gloss":"past Cythera"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"b9-l82","source":"ἔνθεν δʼ ἐννῆμαρ φερόμην ὀλοοῖς ἀνέμοισιν","translation":"From there for nine days I was carried by deadly winds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l82.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φερόμην","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐννῆμαρ","lemma":"ἐννῆμαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φερόμην","gloss":"for nine days","note":"ἐννῆμαρ, a numeral-adverb compound, common epic way to mark a span of days."},{"surface":"φερόμην","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was carried"},{"surface":"ὀλοοῖς","lemma":"ὀλοός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμοισιν","gloss":"deadly"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοισιν","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φερόμην","gloss":"by winds"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"b9-l83","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα· ἀτὰρ δεκάτῃ ἐπέβημεν","translation":"over the fish-filled sea; but on the tenth we set foot","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l83.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόντον","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἰχθυόεντα","lemma":"ἰχθυόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πόντον","gloss":"fish-filled","note":"ἰχθυόεις, a formulaic Homeric epithet of the sea."},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"δεκάτῃ","lemma":"δέκατος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"on the tenth (day)"},{"surface":"ἐπέβημεν","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we set foot"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"b9-l84","source":"γαίης Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τʼ ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσιν.","translation":"on the land of the Lotus-eaters, who eat a flowery food.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l84.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέβημεν","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"Λωτοφάγων","lemma":"Λωτοφάγοι","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"of the Lotus-eaters"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄνθινον","lemma":"ἀνθινός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἶδαρ","gloss":"flowery"},{"surface":"εἶδαρ","lemma":"εἶδαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδουσιν","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"ἔδουσιν","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Λωτοφάγων","gloss":"eat","note":"present tense ἔδουσιν marks a timeless/habitual trait of the Lotus-eaters."}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"b9-l85","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου βῆμεν καὶ ἀφυσσάμεθʼ ὕδωρ,","translation":"There we went ashore on the mainland and drew water,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l85.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"there","note":"Common epic scene-shift adverb, often opening a line."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ἠπείρου","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"mainland","note":"ἤπειρος = 'mainland/dry land', vs. an island — key contrast in Odyssey geography."},{"surface":"βῆμεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we went ashore"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀφυσσάμεθ","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we drew"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀφυσσάμεθ᾽","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"b9-l86","source":"αἶψα δὲ δεῖπνον ἕλοντο θοῇς παρὰ νηυσὶν ἑταῖροι.","translation":"and at once my comrades took their meal beside the swift ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l86.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἕλοντο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἕλοντο","gloss":"meal"},{"surface":"ἕλοντο","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"θοῇς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶν","gloss":"swift","note":"θοός 'swift' is a stock Homeric epithet for ships, filling the line's rhythm formulaically."},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to παρὰ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἕλοντο","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"b9-l87","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σίτοιό τʼ ἐπασσάμεθʼ ἠδὲ ποτῆτος,","translation":"But when we had tasted of food and drink,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l87.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"σίτοιό","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"of food","note":"Genitive with a verb of tasting/partaking (ἐπασσάμεθ᾽) — partitive genitive, 'a share of.'"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπασσάμεθ","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"we tasted"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ποτῆτος","lemma":"ποτής","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδὲ","gloss":"drink"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"b9-l88","source":"δὴ τοτʼ ἐγὼν ἑτάρους προΐειν πεύθεσθαι ἰόντας,","translation":"then I sent comrades ahead to go and learn","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l88.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοτ","lemma":"τοτέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προΐειν","gloss":"at that time"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προΐειν","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἑτάρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of προΐειν","gloss":"comrades"},{"surface":"προΐειν","lemma":"προίημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent forth","note":"προίημι 'send ahead' — imperfect here for a single decisive past act, common in epic narrative."},{"surface":"πεύθεσθαι","lemma":"πεύθομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἰόντας","gloss":"to learn"},{"surface":"ἰόντας","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"b9-l89","source":"οἵ τινες ἀνέρες εἶεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ σῖτον ἔδοντες","translation":"what manner of men those were who eat bread upon the earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l89.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τινες","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἵ","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"ἀνέρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἶεν","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"εἶεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of πεύθεσθαι","gloss":"were","note":"Optative εἶεν in indirect question after a past-tense verb (προΐειν) — 'optative of indirect discourse.'"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χθονὶ","lemma":"χθών","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπὶ","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"σῖτον","lemma":"σῖτος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδοντες","gloss":"bread"},{"surface":"ἔδοντες","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ἀνέρες","gloss":"eating"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"b9-l90","source":"ἄνδρε δύω κρίνας, τρίτατον κήρυχʼ ἅμʼ ὀπάσσας.","translation":"choosing two men, and sending a third with them as a herald.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l90.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄνδρε δύω","title":"Dual number: \"two men\"","body":"ἄνδρε δύω is in the dual, a special grammatical number for pairs that Homer still uses. It signals exactly two, distinct from the plural."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρε","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative dual masculine noun","role":"object of κρίνας","gloss":"two men","note":"Dual number ἄνδρε — Homeric Greek still uses the dual for natural pairs like 'two men.'"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἄνδρε","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"κρίνας","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"choosing"},{"surface":"τρίτατον","lemma":"τρίτατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"a third"},{"surface":"κήρυχ","lemma":"κῆρυξ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὀπάσσας","gloss":"herald"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀπάσσας","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"ὀπάσσας","lemma":"ὀπάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"sending along"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"b9-l91","source":"οἱ δʼ αἶψʼ οἰχόμενοι μίγεν ἀνδράσι Λωτοφάγοισιν·","translation":"They went at once and mingled with the Lotus-eating men.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l91.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μίγεν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μίγεν","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"οἰχόμενοι","lemma":"οἴχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μίγεν","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"μίγεν","lemma":"μίγνυμι","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"mingled"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μίγεν","gloss":"with men"},{"surface":"Λωτοφάγοισιν","lemma":"Λωτοφάγοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"Lotus-eaters","note":"Λωτοφάγοι, a 'speaking name' compound (λωτός + φαγ-) built right into the ethnonym."}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"b9-l92","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρα Λωτοφάγοι μήδονθʼ ἑτάροισιν ὄλεθρον","translation":"Now the Lotus-eaters did not plot destruction","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l92.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Λωτοφάγοι","lemma":"Λωτοφάγοι","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of μήδονθ᾽","gloss":"Lotus-eaters"},{"surface":"μήδονθ","lemma":"μήδομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"plotted"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μήδονθ᾽","gloss":"against comrades"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of μήδονθ᾽","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"b9-l93","source":"ἡμετέροις, ἀλλά σφι δόσαν λωτοῖο πάσασθαι.","translation":"against our comrades, but gave them lotus to taste.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l93.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέροις","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σφι","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"to them"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"λωτοῖο","lemma":"λωτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"of lotus","note":"Partitive genitive again with a verb of tasting (πάσασθαι) — 'some lotus,' not the whole plant."},{"surface":"πάσασθαι","lemma":"πατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to δόσαν","gloss":"to taste"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"b9-l94","source":"τῶν δʼ ὅς τις λωτοῖο φάγοι μελιηδέα καρπόν,","translation":"And whoever of them ate the honey-sweet fruit of the lotus","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l94.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μελιηδέα","title":"\"honey-sweet\"","body":"A stock epithet meaning \"sweet as honey,\" applied to wine, fruit, sleep, and other pleasures throughout Homer."}],"words":[{"surface":"τῶν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φάγοι","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"whoever"},{"surface":"λωτοῖο","lemma":"λωτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of καρπόν","gloss":"of lotus"},{"surface":"φάγοι","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"ate","note":"Optative φάγοι in a general/indefinite relative clause ('whoever might eat') — a classic Homeric use of the optative."},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καρπόν","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"καρπόν","lemma":"καρπός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φάγοι","gloss":"fruit"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"b9-l95","source":"οὐκέτʼ ἀπαγγεῖλαι πάλιν ἤθελεν οὐδὲ νέεσθαι,","translation":"no longer wished to bring back word or to return,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l95.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἀπαγγεῖλαι","lemma":"ἀπαγγέλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελεν","gloss":"to bring back word"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπαγγεῖλαι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἤθελεν","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"νέεσθαι","lemma":"νέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"b9-l96","source":"ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ βούλοντο μετʼ ἀνδράσι Λωτοφάγοισι","translation":"but wished to stay there among the Lotus-eating men,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l96.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of μενέμεν","gloss":"there","note":"αὐτοῦ (adverb 'in that very place') is easy to confuse with the pronoun αὐτός — different word, no reflexive sense here."},{"surface":"βούλοντο","lemma":"βούλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ἀνδράσι","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"Λωτοφάγοισι","lemma":"Λωτοφάγοι","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνδράσι","gloss":"Lotus-eating"}]},{"number":97,"label":"97","id":"b9-l97","source":"λωτὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι μενέμεν νόστου τε λαθέσθαι.","translation":"feeding on the lotus and forgetting their homecoming.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l97.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λωτὸν","lemma":"λωτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρεπτόμενοι","gloss":"lotus"},{"surface":"ἐρεπτόμενοι","lemma":"ἐρέπτομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μενέμεν","gloss":"feeding on"},{"surface":"μενέμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to remain"},{"surface":"νόστου","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λαθέσθαι","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαθέσθαι","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to forget","note":"λανθάνομαι + genitive (νόστου) = 'forget something' — the verb regularly governs the genitive."}]},{"number":98,"label":"98","id":"b9-l98","source":"τοὺς μὲν ἐγὼν ἐπὶ νῆας ἄγον κλαίοντας ἀνάγκῃ,","translation":"These men I led back to the ships by force, weeping,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l98.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἄγον","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἄγον","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"led"},{"surface":"κλαίοντας","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἀνάγκῃ","lemma":"ἀνάγκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄγον","gloss":"by force","note":"Dative of manner: ἀνάγκῃ 'by/under compulsion' describes how they were dragged back."}]},{"number":99,"label":"99","id":"b9-l99","source":"νηυσὶ δʼ ἐνὶ γλαφυρῇσιν ὑπὸ ζυγὰ δῆσα ἐρύσσας.","translation":"and dragging them I bound them fast beneath the benches in the hollow ships.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l99.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐνὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῇσιν","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηυσὶ","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ζυγὰ","lemma":"ζυγόν","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"benches","note":"ζυγά = the rowers' cross-benches/thwarts, not 'yokes' in this nautical sense."},{"surface":"δῆσα","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bound"},{"surface":"ἐρύσσας","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δῆσα","gloss":"dragging"}]},{"number":100,"label":"100","id":"b9-l100","source":"αὐτὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους κελόμην ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους","translation":"Then I ordered the rest of my trusty comrades","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l100.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"κελόμην","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ordered"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρας","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"trusty","note":"ἐρίηρος, an old formulaic epithet 'trusty/staunch' almost always paired with ἑταῖρος in Homer."},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιβαινέμεν","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":101,"label":"101","id":"b9-l101","source":"σπερχομένους νηῶν ἐπιβαινέμεν ὠκειάων,","translation":"to hurry and go aboard the swift ships,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l101.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σπερχομένους","lemma":"σπέρχω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"hurrying"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιβαινέμεν","gloss":"of ships"},{"surface":"ἐπιβαινέμεν","lemma":"ἐπιβαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of κελόμην","gloss":"to board","note":"ἐπιβαινέμεν is an epic infinitive ending in -έμεν, an alternate to standard -ειν used for meter."},{"surface":"ὠκειάων","lemma":"ὠκύς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῶν","gloss":"swift"}]},{"number":102,"label":"102","id":"b9-l102","source":"μή πώς τις λωτοῖο φαγὼν νόστοιο λάθηται.","translation":"lest any of them eat of the lotus and forget his homecoming.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l102.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"πώς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λάθηται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"λωτοῖο","lemma":"λωτός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of φαγὼν","gloss":"of lotus"},{"surface":"φαγὼν","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λάθηται","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"νόστοιο","lemma":"νόστος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of λάθηται","gloss":"homecoming"},{"surface":"λάθηται","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"forget","note":"μή + subjunctive λάθηται = a fear/purpose clause, 'lest he forget' — negative purpose construction."}]},{"number":103,"label":"103","id":"b9-l103","source":"οἱ δʼ αἶψʼ εἴσβαινον καὶ ἐπὶ κληῖσι καθῖζον,","translation":"They went aboard at once and sat down at the oarlocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l103.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσβαινον","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"εἴσβαινον","lemma":"εἰσβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boarded"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κληῖσι","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"oarlocks","note":"κληΐς, lit. 'bolt/pin', here the thole-pins where oars sat — a nautical technical term."},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":104,"label":"104","id":"b9-l104","source":"ἑξῆς δʼ ἑζόμενοι πολιὴν ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς.","translation":"and sitting in their rows they struck the gray sea with their oars.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l104.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολιὴν ἅλα","title":"\"the gray sea\"","body":"πολιός (\"gray, hoary\") is a recurring epithet of the sea, evoking its foam-flecked surface. A formulaic verse closing this rowing scene."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξῆς","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑζόμενοι","gloss":"in a row"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑζόμενοι","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τύπτον","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"πολιὴν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τύπτον","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"τύπτον","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck","note":"τύπτω 'strike' used vividly for oars hitting the water — a common Homeric metaphor for rowing."},{"surface":"ἐρετμοῖς","lemma":"ἐρετμόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τύπτον","gloss":"with oars"}]},{"number":105,"label":"105","id":"b9-l105","source":"ἔνθεν δὲ προτέρω πλέομεν ἀκαχήμενοι ἦτορ·","translation":"From there we sailed onward, grieving in our hearts,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l105.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πλέομεν","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πλέομεν","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"πλέομεν","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sailed"},{"surface":"ἀκαχήμενοι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πλέομεν","gloss":"grieving"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀκαχήμενοι","gloss":"in heart","note":"ἦτορ is accusative of respect: 'grieved in respect to the heart,' i.e. 'at heart.'"}]},{"number":106,"label":"106","id":"b9-l106","source":"Κυκλώπων δʼ ἐς γαῖαν ὑπερφιάλων ἀθεμίστων","translation":"and we came to the land of the Cyclopes, overbearing and lawless,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l106.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κυκλώπων","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"of Cyclopes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ὑπερφιάλων","lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κυκλώπων","gloss":"overbearing","note":"ὑπερφίαλος 'overweening/arrogant' — recurring Homeric label marking the Cyclopes as uncivilized."},{"surface":"ἀθεμίστων","lemma":"ἀθέμιστος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies Κυκλώπων","gloss":"lawless","note":"ἀθέμιστος 'without themis/law' pairs with ὑπερφίαλος to define the Cyclopes as outside human custom."}]},{"number":107,"label":"107","id":"b9-l107","source":"ἱκόμεθʼ, οἵ ῥα θεοῖσι πεποιθότες ἀθανάτοισιν","translation":"who, trusting in the immortal gods,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l107.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱκόμεθ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we came"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"θεοῖσι","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of πεποιθότες","gloss":"in gods"},{"surface":"πεποιθότες","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"trusting","note":"Perfect participle πεποιθότες = 'having come to trust,' i.e. a settled state of confidence, not a one-time act."},{"surface":"ἀθανάτοισιν","lemma":"ἀθάνατος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοῖσι","gloss":"immortal"}]},{"number":108,"label":"108","id":"b9-l108","source":"οὔτε φυτεύουσιν χερσὶν φυτὸν οὔτʼ ἀρόωσιν,","translation":"neither plant any plant with their hands nor plow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l108.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"φυτεύουσιν","lemma":"φυτεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"they plant"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to φυτεύουσιν","gloss":"with their hands"},{"surface":"φυτὸν","lemma":"φυτόν","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φυτεύουσιν","gloss":"a plant"},{"surface":"ἀρόωσιν","lemma":"ἀρόω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τ᾽","gloss":"they plow"}]},{"number":109,"label":"109","id":"b9-l109","source":"ἀλλὰ τά γʼ ἄσπαρτα καὶ ἀνήροτα πάντα φύονται,","translation":"but all things grow for them unsown and unplowed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l109.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"those things"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄσπαρτα","lemma":"ἄσπαρτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unsown","note":"ἄσπαρτα 'unsown' — alpha-privative adjective stressing nature's gifts need no human labor, unlike normal farming."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνήροτα","lemma":"ἀνήροτος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unplowed"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"φύονται","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grow"}]},{"number":110,"label":"110","id":"b9-l110","source":"πυροὶ καὶ κριθαὶ ἠδʼ ἄμπελοι, αἵ τε φέρουσιν","translation":"wheat and barley and vines, which bear","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l110.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πυροὶ","lemma":"πυρός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"wheat"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κριθαὶ","lemma":"κριθή","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"barley"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄμπελοι","lemma":"ἄμπελος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"vines"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρουσιν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φέρουσιν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"bear"}]},{"number":111,"label":"111","id":"b9-l111","source":"οἶνον ἐριστάφυλον, καί σφιν Διὸς ὄμβρος ἀέξει.","translation":"the grapes for wine, and the rain of Zeus makes them grow.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l111.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρουσιν","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐριστάφυλον","lemma":"ἐριστάφυλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"of rich clusters","note":"ἐριστάφυλος, a compound epithet ('with fine grape-clusters') describing the vines' wine-bearing fruit."},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἀέξει","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄμβρος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ὄμβρος","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀέξει","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"ἀέξει","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καί","gloss":"makes grow"}]},{"number":112,"label":"112","id":"b9-l112","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ οὔτʼ ἀγοραὶ βουληφόροι οὔτε θέμιστες,","translation":"They have no assemblies for counsel, nor any laws,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l112.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀγοραὶ","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"assemblies"},{"surface":"βουληφόροι","lemma":"βουληφόρος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀγοραὶ","gloss":"for counsel"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"θέμιστες","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"laws"}]},{"number":113,"label":"113","id":"b9-l113","source":"ἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ ὑψηλῶν ὀρέων ναίουσι κάρηνα","translation":"but they dwell on the peaks of the high mountains","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l113.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ναίουσι","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑψηλῶν","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies κάρηνα","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ναίουσι","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"dwell"},{"surface":"κάρηνα","lemma":"κάρηνον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ναίουσι","gloss":"peaks","note":"κάρηνα, lit. 'heads,' figuratively 'peaks/summits' of the mountains — bodily metaphor common in Greek."}]},{"number":114,"label":"114","id":"b9-l114","source":"ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, θεμιστεύει δὲ ἕκαστος","translation":"in hollow caves, and each lays down the law","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l114.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπέσσι","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"caves"},{"surface":"γλαφυροῖσι","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέσσι","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"θεμιστεύει","lemma":"θεμιστεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lays down law","note":"θεμιστεύω 'render judgments/law' — each Cyclops rules alone, unlike normal Greek communal justice."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστος","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of θεμιστεύει","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":115,"label":"115","id":"b9-l115","source":"παίδων ἠδʼ ἀλόχων, οὐδʼ ἀλλήλων ἀλέγουσιν.","translation":"for his own children and wives, and they take no heed of one another.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l115.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παίδων","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀλόχων","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"wives"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλων","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀλέγουσιν","gloss":"one another","note":"Reciprocal pronoun ἀλλήλων has no nominative; it always shows relation between parties."},{"surface":"ἀλέγουσιν","lemma":"ἀλέγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"take heed of","note":"ἀλέγω governs the genitive ἀλλήλων: 'have regard for.'"}]},{"number":116,"label":"116","id":"b9-l116","source":"νῆσος ἔπειτα λάχεια παρὲκ λιμένος\n                     τετάνυσται,","translation":"Now a wooded island stretches out across from the harbor,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l116.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆσος","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τετάνυσται","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"λάχεια","lemma":"λάχεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"wooded","note":"λάχεια, a rare poetic epithet for a fertile/wooded island, found almost only in this formula."},{"surface":"παρὲκ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"alongside"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὲκ","gloss":"the harbor"},{"surface":"τετάνυσται","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stretches out","note":"Perfect τετάνυσται describes a standing state ('lies stretched'), not a completed act."}]},{"number":117,"label":"117","id":"b9-l117","source":"γαίης Κυκλώπων οὔτε σχεδὸν οὔτʼ ἀποτηλοῦ,","translation":"neither close to the land of the Cyclopes nor far off,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l117.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"Κυκλώπων","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"of the Cyclopes"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"σχεδὸν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἀποτηλοῦ","lemma":"ἀποτηλοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"far off"}]},{"number":118,"label":"118","id":"b9-l118","source":"ὑλήεσσʼ· ἐν δʼ αἶγες ἀπειρέσιαι γεγάασιν","translation":"thick with forest; and on it wild goats beyond counting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l118.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑλήεσσ","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"forested"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on it","note":"ἐν used almost adverbially here ('on it'), its object left understood — common Homeric ellipsis."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶγες","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of γεγάασιν","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ἀπειρέσιαι","lemma":"ἀπειρέσιος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"countless"},{"surface":"γεγάασιν","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"have come to be","note":"γεγάασιν, perfect of γίγνομαι with archaic epic ending -ασιν, means 'exist/have arisen.'"}]},{"number":119,"label":"119","id":"b9-l119","source":"ἄγριαι· οὐ μὲν γὰρ πάτος ἀνθρώπων ἀπερύκει,","translation":"breed, for no tread of men keeps them away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l119.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγριαι","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγες","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πάτος","lemma":"πάτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀπερύκει","gloss":"track"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies πάτος","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἀπερύκει","lemma":"ἀπερύκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"keeps away"}]},{"number":120,"label":"120","id":"b9-l120","source":"οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθʼ ὕλην","translation":"nor do hunters frequent it, who through the woodland","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l120.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of εἰσοιχνεῦσι","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"εἰσοιχνεῦσι","lemma":"εἰσοιχνέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"visit","note":"εἰσοιχνέω, 'go into/frequent,' a compound rarely used outside epic diction."},{"surface":"κυνηγέται","lemma":"κυνηγέτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of εἰσοιχνεῦσι","gloss":"hunters"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πάσχουσιν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καθ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὕλην","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καθ᾽","gloss":"the woodland"}]},{"number":121,"label":"121","id":"b9-l121","source":"ἄλγεα πάσχουσιν κορυφὰς ὀρέων ἐφέποντες.","translation":"suffer hardship as they range over the mountain peaks.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l121.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλγεα","lemma":"ἄλγος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πάσχουσιν","gloss":"hardships"},{"surface":"πάσχουσιν","lemma":"πάσχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κυνηγέται","gloss":"suffer"},{"surface":"κορυφὰς","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐφέποντες","gloss":"peaks"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφὰς","gloss":"of mountains"},{"surface":"ἐφέποντες","lemma":"ἐφέπω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to πάσχουσιν","gloss":"ranging over","note":"Present participle ἐφέποντες shows the hunters' hardship as concurrent with their roaming."}]},{"number":122,"label":"122","id":"b9-l122","source":"οὔτʼ ἄρα ποίμνῃσιν καταΐσχεται οὔτʼ ἀρότοισιν,","translation":"It is held by no flocks and broken by no plowing,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l122.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"ἄρα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ποίμνῃσιν","lemma":"ποίμνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καταΐσχεται","gloss":"by flocks"},{"surface":"καταΐσχεται","lemma":"κατίσχω","morphology":"present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is held, occupied"},{"surface":"οὔτʼ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἀρότοισιν","lemma":"ἄροτος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καταΐσχεται","gloss":"by ploughing"}]},{"number":123,"label":"123","id":"b9-l123","source":"ἀλλʼ ἥ γʼ ἄσπαρτος καὶ ἀνήροτος ἤματα πάντα","translation":"but unsown and unplowed all its days","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l123.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἄσπαρτος καὶ ἀνήροτος","title":"Unsown and unplowed","body":"These two alpha-privative adjectives (negated by the prefix a-) emphasize the island's untouched wildness: never seeded, never tilled."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of χηρεύει","gloss":"it","note":"ἥ here functions as a demonstrative/personal pronoun ('she/it'), an old use of the article ὁ ἡ τό."},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄσπαρτος","lemma":"ἄσπαρτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unsown"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνήροτος","lemma":"ἀνήροτος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unplowed"},{"surface":"ἤματα","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to χηρεύει","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἤματα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":124,"label":"124","id":"b9-l124","source":"ἀνδρῶν χηρεύει, βόσκει δέ τε μηκάδας αἶγας.","translation":"it lies empty of men, and feeds only the bleating goats.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l124.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of χηρεύει","gloss":"of men","note":"Genitive of separation with χηρεύει: 'is bereft/empty of men.'"},{"surface":"χηρεύει","lemma":"χηρεύω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lies empty"},{"surface":"βόσκει","lemma":"βόσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"feeds"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"μηκάδας","lemma":"μηκάς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"bleating"},{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βόσκει","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":125,"label":"125","id":"b9-l125","source":"οὐ γὰρ Κυκλώπεσσι νέες πάρα μιλτοπάρῃοι,","translation":"For the Cyclopes have no red-cheeked ships beside them,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l125.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μιλτοπάρῃοι","title":"Red-cheeked ships","body":"A standing epithet for ships, whose bows were painted with red ochre (miltos). Lacking ships, the Cyclopes cannot trade or colonize."}],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Κυκλώπεσσι","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the Cyclopes","note":"Dative of possession with πάρα (=πάρεστι): 'the Cyclopes have no ships.'"},{"surface":"νέες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"πάρα","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside them"},{"surface":"μιλτοπάρῃοι","lemma":"μιλτοπάρῃος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νέες","gloss":"red-cheeked","note":"μιλτοπάρῃος, 'red-prowed/red-cheeked,' a stock Homeric epithet for painted ships."}]},{"number":126,"label":"126","id":"b9-l126","source":"οὐδʼ ἄνδρες νηῶν ἔνι τέκτονες, οἵ κε κάμοιεν","translation":"nor are there shipwrights among them who might labor to build","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l126.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies τέκτονες","gloss":"of ships"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"among them"},{"surface":"τέκτονες","lemma":"τέκτων","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄνδρες","gloss":"builders","note":"τέκτονες νηῶν, 'shipwrights,' echoing formulaic craft-vocabulary of epic."},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κάμοιεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would","note":"Potential particle κε with the optative κάμοιεν: 'who might/would labor to build.'"},{"surface":"κάμοιεν","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἄνδρες","gloss":"labor to build"}]},{"number":127,"label":"127","id":"b9-l127","source":"νῆας ἐυσσέλμους, αἵ κεν τελέοιεν ἕκαστα","translation":"well-benched ships, which would accomplish each errand,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l127.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of κάμοιεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐυσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched"},{"surface":"αἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine pronoun","role":"subject of τελέοιεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τελέοιεν","lemma":"τελέω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing νῆας","gloss":"accomplish"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of τελέοιεν","gloss":"each errand"}]},{"number":128,"label":"128","id":"b9-l128","source":"ἄστεʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπων ἱκνεύμεναι, οἷά τε πολλὰ","translation":"reaching the cities of men, as in the many ways","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l128.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄστε","lemma":"ἄστυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄστε᾽","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"ἱκνεύμεναι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","role":"adverbial to τελέοιεν","gloss":"reaching","note":"ἱκνεύμεναι is a present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine (agreeing with the ships), not an infinitive."},{"surface":"οἷά","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περόωσι","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περόωσι","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":129,"label":"129","id":"b9-l129","source":"ἄνδρες ἐπʼ ἀλλήλους νηυσὶν περόωσι θάλασσαν·","translation":"that men cross the sea in ships to one another;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l129.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρες","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of περόωσι","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἀλλήλους","lemma":"ἀλλήλων","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"one another"},{"surface":"νηυσὶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περόωσι","gloss":"in ships","note":"Dative νηυσὶν without preposition, an instrumental/locative dative common in Homer."},{"surface":"περόωσι","lemma":"περάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἱκνεύμεναι","gloss":"cross"},{"surface":"θάλασσαν","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of περόωσι","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":130,"label":"130","id":"b9-l130","source":"οἵ κέ σφιν καὶ νῆσον ἐυκτιμένην ἐκάμοντο.","translation":"such men would have made the island a well-built home for them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l130.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκάμοντο","gloss":"such men"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐκάμοντο","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"νῆσον","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκάμοντο","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"ἐυκτιμένην","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"complement of ἐκάμοντο","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"ἐκάμοντο","lemma":"κάμνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"made","note":"Aorist middle ἐκάμοντο, 'made for themselves,' contrary-to-fact with κέ: what never happened."}]},{"number":131,"label":"131","id":"b9-l131","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακή γε, φέροι δέ κεν ὥρια πάντα·","translation":"For it is not a poor land at all, and would bear everything in season.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l131.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"κακή","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"poor","note":"κακή γε as predicate: 'it is not bad/poor land at all.'"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φέροι","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would bear"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ὥρια","lemma":"ὥριος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in-season crops"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φέροι","gloss":"everything"}]},{"number":132,"label":"132","id":"b9-l132","source":"ἐν μὲν γὰρ λειμῶνες ἁλὸς πολιοῖο παρʼ ὄχθας","translation":"There are meadows along the shores of the gray sea,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l132.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"λειμῶνες","lemma":"λειμών","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"meadows"},{"surface":"ἁλὸς","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄχθας","gloss":"of the sea","note":"ἁλὸς πολιοῖο, 'of the gray sea,' a fixed Homeric epithet-noun pairing."},{"surface":"πολιοῖο","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἁλὸς","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"παρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"ὄχθας","lemma":"ὄχθη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the shores"}]},{"number":133,"label":"133","id":"b9-l133","source":"ὑδρηλοὶ μαλακοί· μάλα κʼ ἄφθιτοι ἄμπελοι εἶεν.","translation":"well-watered and soft; there vines would never fail.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l133.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑδρηλοὶ","lemma":"ὑδρηλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λειμῶνες","gloss":"well-watered"},{"surface":"μαλακοί","lemma":"μαλακός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λειμῶνες","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἄφθιτοι","lemma":"ἄφθιτος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"undying","note":"ἄφθιτοι, 'imperishable,' hyperbolic praise of the land's fertility — vines that would never fail."},{"surface":"ἄμπελοι","lemma":"ἄμπελος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of εἶεν","gloss":"vines"},{"surface":"εἶεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be"}]},{"number":134,"label":"134","id":"b9-l134","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄροσις λείη· μάλα κεν βαθὺ λήιον αἰεὶ","translation":"There is land smooth for plowing; a deep crop they could always","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l134.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄροσις","lemma":"ἄροσις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"plowland"},{"surface":"λείη","lemma":"λεῖος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄροσις","gloss":"smooth"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"βαθὺ","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λήιον","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"λήιον","lemma":"λήιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀμῷεν","gloss":"crop"},{"surface":"αἰεὶ","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμῷεν","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":135,"label":"135","id":"b9-l135","source":"εἰς ὥρας ἀμῷεν, ἐπεὶ μάλα πῖαρ ὑπʼ οὖδας.","translation":"reap there in season, for the soil beneath is very rich.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l135.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὥρας","lemma":"ὥρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to εἰς","gloss":"season"},{"surface":"ἀμῷεν","lemma":"ἀμάω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they would reap","note":"Optative ἀμῷεν continues the potential 'would' sequence describing an unrealized ideal harvest."},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"πῖαρ","lemma":"πῖαρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"rich soil"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"οὖδας","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"the ground"}]},{"number":136,"label":"136","id":"b9-l136","source":"ἐν δὲ λιμὴν ἐύορμος, ἵνʼ οὐ χρεὼ πείσματός ἐστιν,","translation":"And there is a sheltered harbor, where no mooring-rope is needed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l136.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λιμὴν","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"a harbor"},{"surface":"ἐύορμος","lemma":"εὔορμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λιμὴν","gloss":"well-sheltered"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"χρεὼ","lemma":"χρεώ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"πείσματός","lemma":"πεῖσμα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies χρεὼ","gloss":"of a mooring-rope"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"is","note":"χρεώ ... ἐστιν, 'there is need of' + genitive πείσματός, an idiom for necessity."}]},{"number":137,"label":"137","id":"b9-l137","source":"οὔτʼ εὐνὰς βαλέειν οὔτε πρυμνήσιʼ ἀνάψαι,","translation":"neither to cast anchor-stones nor to make fast the stern-cables,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l137.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὐνὰς","lemma":"εὐνή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of βαλέειν","gloss":"anchor-stones"},{"surface":"βαλέειν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"future active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to cast"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"πρυμνήσι","lemma":"πρυμνήσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀνάψαι","gloss":"stern-cables"},{"surface":"ἀνάψαι","lemma":"ἀνάπτω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object","gloss":"to make fast"}]},{"number":138,"label":"138","id":"b9-l138","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐπικέλσαντας μεῖναι χρόνον εἰς ὅ κε ναυτέων","translation":"but a man may beach his ship and wait until the sailors'","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l138.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπικέλσαντας","lemma":"ἐπικέλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having beached","note":"Aorist participle ἐπικέλσαντας, 'having run ashore,' describing the sailors' completed act before waiting."},{"surface":"μεῖναι","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"modifies ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"to wait"},{"surface":"χρόνον","lemma":"χρόνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μεῖναι","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ναυτέων","lemma":"ναύτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"of sailors"}]},{"number":139,"label":"139","id":"b9-l139","source":"θυμὸς ἐποτρύνῃ καὶ ἐπιπνεύσωσιν ἀῆται.","translation":"spirit urges him on and the breezes blow fair.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l139.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐποτρύνῃ","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνῃ","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"urges on"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιπνεύσωσιν","lemma":"ἐπιπνέω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"blow upon","note":"Subjunctive with κε/ὅ marks a general future condition: 'whenever the breezes blow.'"},{"surface":"ἀῆται","lemma":"ἀήτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπιπνεύσωσιν","gloss":"breezes"}]},{"number":140,"label":"140","id":"b9-l140","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὶ κρατὸς λιμένος ῥέει ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ,","translation":"And at the head of the harbor bright water flows,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l140.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κρατὸς","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the head"},{"surface":"λιμένος","lemma":"λιμήν","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κρατὸς","gloss":"of the harbor"},{"surface":"ῥέει","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flows"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὸν","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":141,"label":"141","id":"b9-l141","source":"κρήνη ὑπὸ σπείους· περὶ δʼ αἴγειροι πεφύασιν.","translation":"a spring from beneath a cave; and poplars grow round about.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l141.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρήνη","lemma":"κρήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"a spring"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"σπείους","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ὑπὸ","gloss":"a cave"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴγειροι","lemma":"αἴγειρος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of πεφύασιν","gloss":"poplars"},{"surface":"πεφύασιν","lemma":"φύω","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grow","note":"πεφύασιν, perfect of φύω with epic -ασιν ending: 'have grown up, stand growing.'"}]},{"number":142,"label":"142","id":"b9-l142","source":"ἔνθα κατεπλέομεν, καί τις θεὸς ἡγεμόνευεν","translation":"There we sailed in, and some god guided us","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l142.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἡγεμόνευεν","title":"A god guided us in","body":"Odysseus credits an unseen god for steering the ships safely through the pitch-dark night. The imperfect tense pictures the guiding as ongoing through the whole approach."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of κατεπλέομεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"κατεπλέομεν","lemma":"καταπλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sailed in"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θεὸς","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἡγεμόνευεν","gloss":"a god","note":"τις θεὸς, 'some god,' the anonymous divine guidance formula common before landfalls."},{"surface":"ἡγεμόνευεν","lemma":"ἡγεμονεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"guided us"}]},{"number":143,"label":"143","id":"b9-l143","source":"νύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, οὐδὲ προυφαίνετʼ ἰδέσθαι·","translation":"through the murky night, and nothing showed itself to be seen;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l143.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δι᾽","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ὀρφναίην","lemma":"ὀρφναῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νύκτα","gloss":"murky"},{"surface":"προυφαίνετ","lemma":"προφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"showed itself","note":"Impersonal-like use: 'nothing appeared beforehand to be seen' — darkness so total nothing was visible."},{"surface":"ἰδέσθαι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"adverbial to προυφαίνετ᾽","gloss":"to be seen"}]},{"number":144,"label":"144","id":"b9-l144","source":"ἀὴρ γὰρ περὶ νηυσὶ βαθεῖʼ ἦν, οὐδὲ σελήνη","translation":"for thick mist lay about the ships, nor did the moon","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l144.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀὴρ","lemma":"ἀήρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἦν","gloss":"mist"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"the ships"},{"surface":"βαθεῖ","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"ἦν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"σελήνη","lemma":"σελήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of προύφαινε","gloss":"the moon"}]},{"number":145,"label":"145","id":"b9-l145","source":"οὐρανόθεν προύφαινε, κατείχετο δὲ νεφέεσσιν.","translation":"shine from heaven, but was held down under the clouds.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l145.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐρανόθεν","lemma":"οὐρανόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προύφαινε","gloss":"from heaven"},{"surface":"προύφαινε","lemma":"προφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"shine","note":"προύφαινε here is still governed by the negation οὐδὲ carried over from l.144 ('nor did the moon shine from heaven'); it is not an affirmed counterpart to l.143's negated προυφαίνετ᾽."},{"surface":"κατείχετο","lemma":"κατέχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was held"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νεφέεσσιν","lemma":"νέφος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of κατείχετο","gloss":"by clouds"}]},{"number":146,"label":"146","id":"b9-l146","source":"ἔνθʼ οὔ τις τὴν νῆσον ἐσέδρακεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν,","translation":"There no one caught sight of the island with his eyes,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l146.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐσέδρακεν","gloss":"anyone","note":"indefinite τις as grammatical subject: 'no one'"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine article","role":"modifies νῆσον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"νῆσον","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐσέδρακεν","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ἐσέδρακεν","lemma":"εἰσδέρκομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"caught sight of","note":"εἰσδέρκομαι = εἰς 'into' + δέρκομαι 'see, look' — to catch sight of, discern; not 'spy'"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖσιν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐσέδρακεν","gloss":"with his eyes","note":"dative plural -οισιν is the epic/Ionic ending for -οις"}]},{"number":147,"label":"147","id":"b9-l147","source":"οὔτʼ οὖν κύματα μακρὰ κυλινδόμενα προτὶ χέρσον","translation":"nor the long waves rolling in toward the shore","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l147.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὖν","lemma":"οὖν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"nor then","note":"continues οὔτ᾽ ... correlative negative from previous line"},{"surface":"κύματα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εἰσίδομεν","gloss":"waves"},{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κύματα","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"κυλινδόμενα","lemma":"κυλίνδω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"rolling"},{"surface":"προτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"χέρσον","lemma":"χέρσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προτὶ","gloss":"shore"}]},{"number":148,"label":"148","id":"b9-l148","source":"εἰσίδομεν, πρὶν νῆας ἐυσσέλμους ἐπικέλσαι.","translation":"did we see, before we ran the well-benched ships aground.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l148.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰσίδομεν","lemma":"εἰσείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did we see","note":"picks up the subject implied by the οὔτ᾽...οὔτ᾽ negatives spanning two lines"},{"surface":"πρὶν","lemma":"πρίν","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"νῆας","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπικέλσαι","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐυσσέλμους","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆας","gloss":"well-benched","note":"εὔσελμος, a stock Homeric ship-epithet ('well-benched')"},{"surface":"ἐπικέλσαι","lemma":"ἐπικέλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to πρὶν","gloss":"to run aground"}]},{"number":149,"label":"149","id":"b9-l149","source":"κελσάσῃσι δὲ νηυσὶ καθείλομεν ἱστία πάντα,","translation":"When the ships were beached we took down all the sails,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l149.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κελσάσῃσι","lemma":"κέλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, dative plural feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having beached","note":"aorist participle κέλλω, agreeing with νηυσὶ (dative absolute-like sense)"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νηυσὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καθείλομεν","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"καθείλομεν","lemma":"καθαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we took down"},{"surface":"ἱστία","lemma":"ἱστίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καθείλομεν","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἱστία","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":150,"label":"150","id":"b9-l150","source":"ἐκ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βῆμεν ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης·","translation":"and we ourselves stepped out onto the surf of the sea;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l150.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of βῆμεν","gloss":"ourselves","note":"αὐτοί here means 'we ourselves' (as opposed to the ships/gear)"},{"surface":"βῆμεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we stepped"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"ῥηγμῖνι","lemma":"ῥηγμίν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"surf"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥηγμῖνι","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":151,"label":"151","id":"b9-l151","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἀποβρίξαντες ἐμείναμεν Ἠῶ δῖαν.","translation":"there we fell asleep and waited for bright Dawn.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l151.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀποβρίξαντες","lemma":"ἀποβρίζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"having fallen asleep","note":"ἀποβρίζω, rare verb meaning 'doze off'"},{"surface":"ἐμείναμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we waited for"},{"surface":"Ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠῶ","gloss":"bright","note":"δῖος 'divine, bright' — stock epithet applied to Dawn"}]},{"number":152,"label":"152","id":"b9-l152","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l152.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"ἠριγένεια, a fixed Homeric epithet for Dawn, 'early-born'"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος, the famous formulaic epithet of Dawn"},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":153,"label":"153","id":"b9-l153","source":"νῆσον θαυμάζοντες ἐδινεόμεσθα κατʼ αὐτήν.","translation":"marveling at the island, we wandered all about it.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l153.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆσον","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θαυμάζοντες","gloss":"the island"},{"surface":"θαυμάζοντες","lemma":"θαυμάζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐδινεόμεσθα","gloss":"marveling at"},{"surface":"ἐδινεόμεσθα","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we wandered about","note":"δινεύω 'whirl about, roam' — imperfect for ongoing wandering"},{"surface":"κατ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"αὐτήν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of κατ᾽","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":154,"label":"154","id":"b9-l154","source":"ὦρσαν δὲ νύμφαι, κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο,","translation":"And the nymphs, daughters of Zeus who bears the aegis, roused","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l154.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦρσαν","lemma":"ὄρνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"roused","note":"ὄρνυμι 'stir up, rouse' — governs the goats in next line"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νύμφαι","lemma":"νύμφη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"nymphs"},{"surface":"κοῦραι","lemma":"κόρη","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"daughters"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κοῦραι","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχοιο","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"αἰγίοχος, formulaic epithet of Zeus, 'holder of the aegis'"}]},{"number":155,"label":"155","id":"b9-l155","source":"αἶγας ὀρεσκῴους, ἵνα δειπνήσειαν ἑταῖροι.","translation":"the mountain-roaming goats, so that my comrades might dine.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l155.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ὦρσαν","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ὀρεσκῴους","lemma":"ὀρεσκῷος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"mountain-roaming","note":"ὀρεσκῷος, rare compound 'dwelling in the mountains'"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"δειπνήσειαν","lemma":"δειπνέω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"might dine","note":"optative in a purpose clause after ἵνα, past sequence"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δειπνήσειαν","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":156,"label":"156","id":"b9-l156","source":"αὐτίκα καμπύλα τόξα καὶ αἰγανέας δολιχαύλους","translation":"At once we took our curved bows and long-socketed hunting-spears","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l156.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἱλόμεθ᾽","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"καμπύλα","lemma":"καμπύλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τόξα","gloss":"curved"},{"surface":"τόξα","lemma":"τόξον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bows"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγανέας","lemma":"αἰγανέη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"hunting-spears"},{"surface":"δολιχαύλους","lemma":"δολίχαυλος","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἰγανέας","gloss":"long-socketed","note":"δολίχαυλος, rare compound describing the spear's long shaft-socket"}]},{"number":157,"label":"157","id":"b9-l157","source":"εἱλόμεθʼ ἐκ νηῶν, διὰ δὲ τρίχα κοσμηθέντες","translation":"out of the ships, and dividing ourselves into three bands","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l157.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἱλόμεθ","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we took"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"apart","note":"preverb in tmesis with κοσμηθέντες (= διακοσμέω 'divide, arrange'); together with τρίχα, 'divided apart into three groups'"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρίχα","lemma":"τρίχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοσμηθέντες","gloss":"three ways","note":"adverbial accusative τρίχα, 'in three parts'"},{"surface":"κοσμηθέντες","lemma":"κοσμέω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to βάλλομεν","gloss":"having been arranged","note":"aorist passive participle, 'organized/divided into groups'"}]},{"number":158,"label":"158","id":"b9-l158","source":"βάλλομεν· αἶψα δʼ ἔδωκε θεὸς μενοεικέα θήρην.","translation":"we began to shoot; and soon the god granted us game to our hearts' content.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l158.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βάλλομεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shot","note":"imperfect βάλλω for repeated action, 'kept shooting'"},{"surface":"αἶψα","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκε","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"granted"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔδωκε","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"μενοεικέα","lemma":"μενοεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies θήρην","gloss":"heart-satisfying","note":"μενοεικής, 'pleasing to one's spirit' — compound of μένος + εἴκω"},{"surface":"θήρην","lemma":"θήρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"game (quarry)"}]},{"number":159,"label":"159","id":"b9-l159","source":"νῆες μέν μοι ἕποντο δυώδεκα, ἐς δὲ ἑκάστην","translation":"Twelve ships followed me, and to each one","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l159.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ἕποντο","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἕποντο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἕποντο","lemma":"ἕπομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"followed"},{"surface":"δυώδεκα","lemma":"δυώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑκάστην","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":160,"label":"160","id":"b9-l160","source":"ἐννέα λάγχανον αἶγες· ἐμοὶ δὲ δέκʼ ἔξελον οἴῳ.","translation":"nine goats fell by lot; for me alone they set apart ten.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l160.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐννέα","lemma":"ἐννέα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies αἶγες","gloss":"nine"},{"surface":"λάγχανον","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell by lot","note":"λαγχάνω 'obtain by lot' — the distribution of goats per ship"},{"surface":"αἶγες","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of λάγχανον","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔξελον","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δέκ","lemma":"δέκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of ἔξελον","gloss":"ten"},{"surface":"ἔξελον","lemma":"ἐξαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they set apart"},{"surface":"οἴῳ","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"οἶος 'alone' stresses the captain's special share of ten goats"}]},{"number":161,"label":"161","id":"b9-l161","source":"ὣς τότε μὲν πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα","translation":"So then, all day long until the setting of the sun","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l161.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρόπαν","lemma":"πρόπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθα","gloss":"day","note":"accusative of extent of time, 'for the whole day'"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντα","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having set"}]},{"number":162,"label":"162","id":"b9-l162","source":"ἥμεθα δαινύμενοι κρέα τʼ ἄσπετα καὶ μέθυ ἡδύ·","translation":"we sat feasting on abundant meat and sweet wine;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l162.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμεθα","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sat"},{"surface":"δαινύμενοι","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθα","gloss":"feasting"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τ᾽ here is τε 'and', mislabeled by the auto-parse as pronoun σύ — treat as connective"},{"surface":"ἄσπετα","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέθυ","lemma":"μέθυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἡδύ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέθυ","gloss":"sweet"}]},{"number":163,"label":"163","id":"b9-l163","source":"οὐ γάρ πω νηῶν ἐξέφθιτο οἶνος ἐρυθρός,","translation":"for the red wine of the ships was not yet used up,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l163.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πω","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"νηῶν","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"modifies οἶνος","gloss":"of the ships"},{"surface":"ἐξέφθιτο","lemma":"ἐκφθίνω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had run out","note":"pluperfect ἐκφθίνω, 'had already been used up'"},{"surface":"οἶνος","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐρυθρός","lemma":"ἐρυθρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνος","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":164,"label":"164","id":"b9-l164","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐνέην· πολλὸν γὰρ ἐν ἀμφιφορεῦσιν ἕκαστοι","translation":"but still remained; for each crew had drawn off plenty in jars","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l164.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνέην","lemma":"ἐνειμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"remained in","note":"ἐνειμί 'be in/present' — the wine that was still there"},{"surface":"πολλὸν","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἠφύσαμεν","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀμφιφορεῦσιν","lemma":"ἀμφιφορεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"jars"},{"surface":"ἕκαστοι","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠφύσαμεν","gloss":"each crew","note":"ἕκαστοι, plural 'each (group of men)' rather than singular ἕκαστος"}]},{"number":165,"label":"165","id":"b9-l165","source":"ἠφύσαμεν Κικόνων. ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἑλόντες.","translation":"when we took the sacred citadel of the Kikones.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l165.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠφύσαμεν","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we drew off","note":"ἀφύσσω 'draw/scoop out (liquid)'"},{"surface":"Κικόνων","lemma":"Κίκονες","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies","gloss":"of the Kikones"},{"surface":"ἱερὸν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πτολίεθρον","gloss":"sacred"},{"surface":"πτολίεθρον","lemma":"πτολίεθρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἑλόντες","gloss":"citadel"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"having taken","note":"refers back to the earlier sack of Ismarus, the Kikones' city"}]},{"number":166,"label":"166","id":"b9-l166","source":"Κυκλώπων δʼ ἐς γαῖαν ἐλεύσσομεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντων,","translation":"And we looked across to the land of the Cyclopes, who were near,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l166.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κυκλώπων","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"of the Cyclopes"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσσομεν","lemma":"λεύσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we looked toward","note":"λεύσσω 'gaze, look' — imperfect for sustained looking"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντων","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐόντων","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"modifies Κυκλώπων","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":167,"label":"167","id":"b9-l167","source":"καπνόν τʼ αὐτῶν τε φθογγὴν ὀίων τε καὶ αἰγῶν.","translation":"to their smoke, and the sound of their sheep and goats.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l167.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καπνόν","lemma":"καπνός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"smoke"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐτῶν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φθογγὴν","lemma":"φθογγή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"sound","note":"φθογγή 'voice/sound', here the bleating of flocks"},{"surface":"ὀίων","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of sheep"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰγῶν","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of goats"}]},{"number":168,"label":"168","id":"b9-l168","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος κατέδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθε,","translation":"When the sun went down and darkness came on,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l168.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέδυ","gloss":"sun"},{"surface":"κατέδυ","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"went down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"came","note":"formulaic line marking nightfall, common transition in Odyssey narrative"}]},{"number":169,"label":"169","id":"b9-l169","source":"δὴ τότε κοιμήθημεν ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης.","translation":"then we lay down to sleep upon the surf of the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l169.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμήθημεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κοιμήθημεν","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we lay down to sleep"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ῥηγμῖνι","lemma":"ῥηγμίν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"surf"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥηγμῖνι","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":170,"label":"170","id":"b9-l170","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l170.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"repeated formulaic dawn-line, identical to l152"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered"},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":171,"label":"171","id":"b9-l171","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼν ἀγορὴν θέμενος μετὰ πᾶσιν ἔειπον·","translation":"then I called an assembly and spoke among them all:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l171.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to :","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of :","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀγορὴν","lemma":"ἀγορά","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of θέμενος","gloss":"assembly"},{"surface":"θέμενος","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to :","gloss":"having held","note":"θέμενος, middle participle of τίθημι, idiom ἀγορὴν θέσθαι 'hold an assembly'"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἔειπον","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":172,"label":"172","id":"b9-l172","source":"ἄλλοι μὲν νῦν μίμνετʼ, ἐμοὶ ἐρίηρες\n                        ἑταῖροι·","translation":"'The rest of you stay here now, my trusty comrades;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l172.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι","title":"Trusty comrades","body":"A recurring formula for Odysseus's loyal crew. The epithet eriêres means \"well-fitted, faithful.\""}],"words":[{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"others","note":"ἄλλοι μέν...αὐτὰρ ἐγώ (next line) sets up a contrast: 'you others...but I'"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μίμνετ᾽","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"μίμνετ","lemma":"μίμνω","morphology":"present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stay"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"my","note":"vocative ἐμοί/ἐμός used possessively with comrades, address form"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρες","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":173,"label":"173","id":"b9-l173","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σὺν νηί τʼ ἐμῇ καὶ ἐμοῖς ἑτάροισιν","translation":"but I, with my own ship and my own comrades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l173.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πειρήσομαι","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"νηί","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμῇ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηί","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοῖς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":174,"label":"174","id":"b9-l174","source":"ἐλθὼν τῶνδʼ ἀνδρῶν πειρήσομαι, οἵ τινές εἰσιν,","translation":"will go and make trial of these men, to learn who they are,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l174.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθὼν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πειρήσομαι","gloss":"going","note":"aorist participle 'having gone' framing the main verb — typical Homeric sequencing of action."},{"surface":"τῶνδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνδρῶν","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"ἀνδρῶν","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"men"},{"surface":"πειρήσομαι","lemma":"πειράω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will make trial","note":"future middle of πειράω, 'test/try' — here 'test out' the strangers."},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τινές","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies οἵ","gloss":"[indefinite] any"},{"surface":"εἰσιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ἦε","gloss":"they are"}]},{"number":175,"label":"175","id":"b9-l175","source":"ἤ ῥʼ οἵ γʼ ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δίκαιοι,","translation":"whether they are violent and savage, with no sense of justice,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l175.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"ῥ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle] indeed"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic] indeed"},{"surface":"ὑβρισταί","lemma":"ὑβριστής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"violent men","note":"ὑβριστής, 'men of hybris' — moral vocabulary key to the Cyclops episode's theme of lawlessness."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle] and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄγριοι","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"δίκαιοι","lemma":"δίκαιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"just","note":"οὐδὲ δίκαιοι 'nor just' — this line's formula for judging a people foreshadows the Cyclopes' lawlessness."}]},{"number":176,"label":"176","id":"b9-l176","source":"ἦε φιλόξεινοι, καί σφιν νόος ἐστὶ θεουδής.","translation":"or hospitable, and have a god-fearing mind.'","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l176.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦε","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"φιλόξεινοι","lemma":"φιλόξενος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hospitable","note":"φιλόξενος 'guest-loving' — the key virtue at stake; the poem tests whether Polyphemus honors ξενία."},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐστὶ","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"νόος","lemma":"νόος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of καί","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"θεουδής","lemma":"θεουδής","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"god-fearing","note":"θεουδής, 'fearing the gods' — sets up the irony that Polyphemus scorns Zeus despite this hoped-for trait."}]},{"number":177,"label":"177","id":"b9-l177","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἀνὰ νηὸς ἔβην, ἐκέλευσα δʼ ἑταίρους","translation":"So saying, I boarded the ship and ordered my comrades","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l177.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔβην","gloss":"having said"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνὰ","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"ἔβην","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I boarded","note":"aorist βαίνω 'went' with ἀνά + gen., 'went up onto' the ship."},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσα","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ordered"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":178,"label":"178","id":"b9-l178","source":"αὐτούς τʼ ἀμβαίνειν ἀνά τε πρυμνήσια λῦσαι.","translation":"to come aboard themselves and to loose the stern-cables.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l178.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμβαίνειν","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to embark","note":"ἀμβαίνειν is a contracted form of ἀναβαίνειν, 'go/come aboard' — it is not itself split by tmesis. The tmesis in this line is the separate ἀνά…λῦσαι (=ἀναλῦσαι) later, describing the loosing of the stern-cables."},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[intensifying] up"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρυμνήσια","lemma":"πρυμνήσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λῦσαι","gloss":"stern-cables"},{"surface":"λῦσαι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to loose"}]},{"number":179,"label":"179","id":"b9-l179","source":"οἱ δʼ αἶψʼ εἴσβαινον καὶ ἐπὶ κληῖσι καθῖζον,","translation":"They quickly went aboard and sat down at the oarlocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l179.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσβαινον","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"εἴσβαινον","lemma":"εἰσβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"boarded"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κληῖσι","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the oarlocks","note":"κληΐς literally 'bolt/pin' — the thole-pin securing the oar, rower's seat by metonymy."},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":180,"label":"180","id":"b9-l180","source":"ἑξῆς δʼ ἑζόμενοι πολιὴν ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς.","translation":"and sitting in their rows they struck the gray sea with their oars.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l180.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολιὴν ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς","title":"Striking the gray sea","body":"A recurring formulaic verse for rowing out. \"Gray sea\" (poliê hals) is the standard epithet, and the imperfect verb pictures the steady, repeated beat of the oars."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξῆς","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑζόμενοι","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑζόμενοι","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τύπτον","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"πολιὴν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"gray","note":"πολιός 'gray/hoary' — the standard Homeric epithet for the sea, evoking foam and old age together."},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τύπτον","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"τύπτον","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐρετμοῖς","lemma":"ἐρετμόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τύπτον","gloss":"with oars"}]},{"number":181,"label":"181","id":"b9-l181","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸν χῶρον ἀφικόμεθʼ ἐγγὺς ἐόντα,","translation":"But when we reached the place, which was near at hand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l181.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies χῶρον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"χῶρον","lemma":"χῶρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφικόμεθ᾽","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"ἀφικόμεθ","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"we reached"},{"surface":"ἐγγὺς","lemma":"ἐγγύς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐόντα","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies χῶρον","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":182,"label":"182","id":"b9-l182","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῇ σπέος εἴδομεν ἄγχι θαλάσσης,","translation":"there at the edge, close to the sea, we saw a cave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l182.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴδομεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἐσχατιῇ","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the edge"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἴδομεν","gloss":"cave","note":"σπέος, the famous Cyclops's cave first sighted here — a landmark noun in this episode."},{"surface":"εἴδομεν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we saw"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄγχι","gloss":"the sea"}]},{"number":183,"label":"183","id":"b9-l183","source":"ὑψηλόν, δάφνῃσι κατηρεφές. ἔνθα δὲ πολλὰ","translation":"high, roofed over with laurels. And there many","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l183.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψηλόν","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"δάφνῃσι","lemma":"δάφνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"modifies κατηρεφές","gloss":"with laurels"},{"surface":"κατηρεφές","lemma":"κατηρεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"roofed over","note":"κατηρεφής 'covered/roofed down' — vivid compound describing the cave's natural canopy."},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰαύεσκον","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλ᾽","gloss":"many"}]},{"number":184,"label":"184","id":"b9-l184","source":"μῆλʼ, ὄιές τε καὶ αἶγες, ἰαύεσκον· περὶ δʼ αὐλὴ","translation":"flocks, sheep and goats, used to rest; and around it a yard","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l184.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆλ","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"ὄιές","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶγες","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"goats"},{"surface":"ἰαύεσκον","lemma":"ἰαύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"used to sleep","note":"iterative imperfect in -εσκον, marking habitual past action — 'used to lie down' night after night."},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐλὴ","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δέδμητο","gloss":"a yard"}]},{"number":185,"label":"185","id":"b9-l185","source":"ὑψηλὴ δέδμητο κατωρυχέεσσι λίθοισι","translation":"stood built high with stones sunk deep in the earth","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l185.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψηλὴ","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐλὴ","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"δέδμητο","lemma":"δέμω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was built","note":"pluperfect of δέμω 'build' — describes a standing state, 'stood built,' typical Homeric use of the pluperfect."},{"surface":"κατωρυχέεσσι","lemma":"κατῶρυξ","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθοισι","gloss":"deep-sunk"},{"surface":"λίθοισι","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"with stones"}]},{"number":186,"label":"186","id":"b9-l186","source":"μακρῇσίν τε πίτυσσιν ἰδὲ δρυσὶν ὑψικόμοισιν.","translation":"and with tall pines and high-crowned oaks.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l186.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακρῇσίν","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies πίτυσσιν","gloss":"tall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle] and"},{"surface":"πίτυσσιν","lemma":"πίτυς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"pines"},{"surface":"ἰδὲ","lemma":"ἰδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δρυσὶν","lemma":"δρῦς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἰδὲ","gloss":"oaks"},{"surface":"ὑψικόμοισιν","lemma":"ὑψίκομος","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies δρυσὶν","gloss":"high-crowned","note":"ὑψίκομος 'lofty-haired/-leaved' — a picturesque compound epithet for tall-topped trees."}]},{"number":187,"label":"187","id":"b9-l187","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὴρ ἐνίαυε πελώριος, ὅς ῥα τὰ μῆλα","translation":"There a monstrous man made his lair, who tended his flocks","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l187.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πελώριος","title":"Monstrous","body":"The adjective pelôrios marks the Cyclops as gigantic and prodigious, beyond human scale. Homer repeats it to keep his looming size before us."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐνίαυε","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνίαυε","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἐνίαυε","lemma":"ἐνιαύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made his lair","note":"ἐνιαύω 'pass the night/dwell' — introduces Polyphemus, not yet named, only as a monstrous 'man.'"},{"surface":"πελώριος","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"monstrous","note":"πελώριος, recurring epithet for the Cyclops, marking his terrifying, superhuman size."},{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ποιμαίνεσκεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle] then"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ποιμαίνεσκεν","gloss":"flocks"}]},{"number":188,"label":"188","id":"b9-l188","source":"οἶος ποιμαίνεσκεν ἀπόπροθεν· οὐδὲ μετʼ ἄλλους","translation":"alone, far off; and he did not mingle with others,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l188.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶος","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ποιμαίνεσκεν","lemma":"ποιμαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀνὴρ","gloss":"shepherded"},{"surface":"ἀπόπροθεν","lemma":"ἀπόπροθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποιμαίνεσκεν","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of μετ᾽","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":189,"label":"189","id":"b9-l189","source":"πωλεῖτʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀπάνευθεν ἐὼν ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη.","translation":"but kept apart, and his heart was set on lawlessness.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l189.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πωλεῖτ","lemma":"πωλέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went about","note":"πωλέομαι 'range/frequent' — implies he did NOT go about among others, stressing his isolation."},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἀπάνευθεν","lemma":"ἀπάνευθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐὼν","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ᾔδη","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ἀθεμίστια","lemma":"ἀθεμίστιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ᾔδη","gloss":"lawless things","note":"ἀθεμίστια, 'things outside θέμις (custom-law)' — the moral verdict on the Cyclops confirmed."},{"surface":"ᾔδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew","note":"pluperfect ᾔδη used with present force, 'knew/had in mind' — common Homeric idiom for ongoing mental state."}]},{"number":190,"label":"190","id":"b9-l190","source":"καὶ γὰρ θαῦμʼ ἐτέτυκτο πελώριον, οὐδὲ ἐῴκει","translation":"For he was fashioned a monstrous wonder, and did not look","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l190.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle] indeed"},{"surface":"θαῦμ","lemma":"θαῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"complement of ἐτέτυκτο","gloss":"a wonder"},{"surface":"ἐτέτυκτο","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was fashioned","note":"pluperfect passive of τεύχω 'make' — 'had been made/was formed as,' describing his monstrous nature."},{"surface":"πελώριον","lemma":"πελώριος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies θαῦμ᾽","gloss":"monstrous"},{"surface":"ἐῴκει","lemma":"ἔοικα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"resembled"}]},{"number":191,"label":"191","id":"b9-l191","source":"ἀνδρί γε σιτοφάγῳ, ἀλλὰ ῥίῳ ὑλήεντι","translation":"like a man who eats bread, but rather like a wooded peak","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l191.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρί","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐῴκει","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[emphatic] at least"},{"surface":"σιτοφάγῳ","lemma":"σιτοφάγος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρί","gloss":"bread-eating","note":"σιτοφάγος 'grain/bread-eating' — normal humans; the negated comparison marks Polyphemus as inhuman."},{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ῥίῳ","lemma":"ῥίον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"a peak"},{"surface":"ὑλήεντι","lemma":"ὑλήεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥίῳ","gloss":"wooded"}]},{"number":192,"label":"192","id":"b9-l192","source":"ὑψηλῶν ὀρέων, ὅ τε φαίνεται οἶον ἀπʼ ἄλλων.","translation":"of high mountains, which stands out alone, apart from the rest.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l192.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὑψηλῶν","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀρέων","gloss":"of high"},{"surface":"ὀρέων","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ῥίῳ","gloss":"mountains"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of φαίνεται","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle] indeed"},{"surface":"φαίνεται","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ῥίῳ","gloss":"appears"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone","note":"οἶος 'alone/apart' echoes line 188's οἶος of the Cyclops — the simile mirrors the man's isolation."},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἄλλων","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπ᾽","gloss":"the others"}]},{"number":193,"label":"193","id":"b9-l193","source":"δὴ τότε τοὺς ἄλλους κελόμην ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους","translation":"Then I ordered the rest of my trusty comrades","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l193.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle] then"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κελόμην","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"rest"},{"surface":"κελόμην","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ordered","note":"κέλομαι, epic mediopassive verb of command, common in Odysseus's narration of his own leadership."},{"surface":"ἐρίηρας","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"trusty"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"comrades"}]},{"number":194,"label":"194","id":"b9-l194","source":"αὐτοῦ πὰρ νηί τε μένειν καὶ νῆα ἔρυσθαι,","translation":"to stay there by the ship and to guard the ship,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l194.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"νηί","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[particle] and"},{"surface":"μένειν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to stay"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔρυσθαι","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"ἔρυσθαι","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"to guard"}]},{"number":195,"label":"195","id":"b9-l195","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κρίνας ἑτάρων δυοκαίδεκʼ ἀρίστους","translation":"but I, choosing the twelve best of my comrades,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l195.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βῆν","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"κρίνας","lemma":"κρίνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βῆν","gloss":"having chosen"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"of comrades"},{"surface":"δυοκαίδεκ","lemma":"δυοκαίδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ἀρίστους","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"ἀρίστους","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of κρίνας","gloss":"best","note":"ἄριστος, the superlative marking Odysseus's chosen elite crew for the risky landing party."}]},{"number":196,"label":"196","id":"b9-l196","source":"βῆν· ἀτὰρ αἴγεον ἀσκὸν ἔχον μέλανος οἴνοιο","translation":"set out; and I carried a goatskin of dark wine,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l196.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"βῆν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I set out"},{"surface":"ἀτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴγεον","lemma":"αἴγεος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσκὸν","gloss":"of goatskin"},{"surface":"ἀσκὸν","lemma":"ἀσκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχον","gloss":"wineskin"},{"surface":"ἔχον","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I carried","note":"ἔχον is a regular imperfect form whose ending -ον serves both 1st singular and 3rd plural; context (Odysseus's first-person narration) shows it means 'I carried' here — not a scribal or textual quirk."},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνοιο","gloss":"of dark"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀσκὸν","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":197,"label":"197","id":"b9-l197","source":"ἡδέος, ὅν μοι ἔδωκε Μάρων, Εὐάνθεος υἱός,","translation":"sweet, which Maron, son of Euanthes, had given me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l197.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδέος","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνοιο","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὅν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔδωκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἀσκὸν","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"Μάρων","lemma":"Μάρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Maron","note":"Maron, priest of Apollo at Ismaros — his potent wine later proves crucial to blinding the Cyclops."},{"surface":"Εὐάνθεος","lemma":"Εὐάνθης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱός","gloss":"of Euanthes"},{"surface":"υἱός","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"}]},{"number":198,"label":"198","id":"b9-l198","source":"ἱρεὺς Ἀπόλλωνος, ὃς Ἴσμαρον ἀμφιβεβήκει,","translation":"the priest of Apollo, who watched over Ismaros,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l198.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱρεὺς","lemma":"ἱερεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"priest"},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἱρεὺς","gloss":"of Apollo"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμφιβεβήκει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"Ἴσμαρον","lemma":"Ἴσμαρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀμφιβεβήκει","gloss":"Ismaros"},{"surface":"ἀμφιβεβήκει","lemma":"ἀμφιβαίνω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"watched over","note":"ἀμφιβαίνω lit. 'stride around/protect' — a formulaic verb for a god or priest guarding a place."}]},{"number":199,"label":"199","id":"b9-l199","source":"οὕνεκά μιν σὺν παιδὶ περισχόμεθʼ ἠδὲ γυναικὶ","translation":"because we had protected him, with his child and his wife,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l199.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕνεκά","lemma":"οὕνεκα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περισχόμεθ᾽","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"παιδὶ","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"περισχόμεθ","lemma":"περιέχω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to οὕνεκά","gloss":"we protected","note":"περιέχω 'hold around' — i.e. shielded Maron's family when the Greeks sacked Ismaros, explaining his gratitude."},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γυναικὶ","lemma":"γυνή","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"wife"}]},{"number":200,"label":"200","id":"b9-l200","source":"ἁζόμενοι· ᾤκει γὰρ ἐν ἄλσεϊ δενδρήεντι","translation":"out of reverence; for he dwelt in the wooded grove","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l200.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁζόμενοι","lemma":"ἅζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to περισχόμεθ᾽","gloss":"out of reverence"},{"surface":"ᾤκει","lemma":"οἰκέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he dwelt"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἄλσεϊ","lemma":"ἄλσος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"grove"},{"surface":"δενδρήεντι","lemma":"δενδρήεις","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄλσεϊ","gloss":"wooded"}]},{"number":201,"label":"201","id":"b9-l201","source":"Φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος. ὁ δέ μοι πόρεν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα·","translation":"of Phoebus Apollo. And he gave me splendid gifts:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l201.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Φοίβου","lemma":"Φοῖβος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀπόλλωνος","gloss":"of Phoebus","note":"Φοῖβος 'bright/radiant,' Apollo's common epithet; the full title 'Phoebus Apollo' closes the priest's introduction formally."},{"surface":"Ἀπόλλωνος","lemma":"Ἀπόλλων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἄλσεϊ","gloss":"Apollo"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πόρεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρεν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"πόρεν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ἀγλαὰ","lemma":"ἀγλαός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δῶρα","gloss":"splendid"},{"surface":"δῶρα","lemma":"δῶρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πόρεν","gloss":"gifts"}]},{"number":202,"label":"202","id":"b9-l202","source":"χρυσοῦ μέν μοι ἔδωκʼ ἐυεργέος ἑπτὰ τάλαντα,","translation":"he gave me seven talents of well-wrought gold,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l202.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χρυσοῦ","lemma":"χρυσός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"of gold"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"μέν here just marks the item as first in a list; no strong contrast with a following δέ."},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔδωκ᾽","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔδωκ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave","note":"ἔδωκε, aorist of δίδωμι 'give' — elided final -ε before the next vowel word."},{"surface":"ἐυεργέος","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies χρυσοῦ","gloss":"well-wrought"},{"surface":"ἑπτὰ","lemma":"ἑπτά","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies τάλαντα","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"τάλαντα","lemma":"τάλαντον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδωκ᾽","gloss":"talents"}]},{"number":203,"label":"203","id":"b9-l203","source":"δῶκε δέ μοι κρητῆρα πανάργυρον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"and he gave me a mixing-bowl of solid silver; and then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l203.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δῶκε","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κρητῆρα","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δῶκε","gloss":"mixing-bowl","note":"κρατήρ, the large vessel for mixing wine and water — central to Greek hospitality scenes."},{"surface":"πανάργυρον","lemma":"πανάργυρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κρητῆρα","gloss":"all silver"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":204,"label":"204","id":"b9-l204","source":"οἶνον ἐν ἀμφιφορεῦσι δυώδεκα πᾶσιν ἀφύσσας","translation":"he drew off wine into jars, twelve in all,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l204.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἀμφιφορεῦσι","lemma":"ἀμφιφορεύς","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"jars"},{"surface":"δυώδεκα","lemma":"δυώδεκα","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of ἀφύσσας","gloss":"twelve"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀμφιφορεῦσι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἀφύσσας","lemma":"ἀφύσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial","gloss":"having drawn off","note":"ἀφύσσας, aorist participle 'having drawn/dipped out' — describes the manner of filling the jars."}]},{"number":205,"label":"205","id":"b9-l205","source":"ἡδὺν ἀκηράσιον, θεῖον ποτόν· οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν","translation":"sweet and unmixed, a divine drink; and not one","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l205.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδὺν","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ἀκηράσιον","lemma":"ἀκηράσιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"unmixed"},{"surface":"θεῖον","lemma":"θεῖος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ποτόν","gloss":"divine"},{"surface":"ποτόν","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of ἠείδη","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":206,"label":"206","id":"b9-l206","source":"ἠείδη δμώων οὐδʼ ἀμφιπόλων ἐνὶ οἴκῳ,","translation":"of the slaves or serving-women in the house knew of it,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l206.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἠείδη","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"knew","note":"ἠείδη, pluperfect of οἶδα used with past sense 'knew' — perfect-stem verb functioning as a simple past."},{"surface":"δμώων","lemma":"δμώς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τις","gloss":"of the slaves"},{"surface":"ἀμφιπόλων","lemma":"ἀμφίπολος","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"of maidservants"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐνὶ","gloss":"the house"}]},{"number":207,"label":"207","id":"b9-l207","source":"ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς ἄλοχός τε φίλη ταμίη τε μίʼ οἴη.","translation":"but only himself, his dear wife, and one housekeeper.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l207.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"ἄλοχός","lemma":"ἄλοχος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"wife"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλη","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄλοχός","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ταμίη","lemma":"ταμία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"housekeeper"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μί","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ταμίη","gloss":"one","note":"μίη/μία 'one' emphasizing that only a single housekeeper shared the secret."},{"surface":"οἴη","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":208,"label":"208","id":"b9-l208","source":"τὸν δʼ ὅτε πίνοιεν μελιηδέα οἶνον ἐρυθρόν,","translation":"And whenever they drank that honey-sweet red wine,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l208.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"object","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whenever"},{"surface":"πίνοιεν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"they drank","note":"πίνοιεν, present optative — general/repeated past action ('whenever they would drink')."},{"surface":"μελιηδέα","lemma":"μελιηδής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"honey-sweet"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐρυθρόν","lemma":"ἐρυθρός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":209,"label":"209","id":"b9-l209","source":"ἓν δέπας ἐμπλήσας ὕδατος ἀνὰ εἴκοσι μέτρα","translation":"he would fill one cup and pour it into twenty measures","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l209.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἓν","lemma":"εἷς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δέπας","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"δέπας","lemma":"δέπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμπλήσας","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"ἐμπλήσας","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to χεῦ᾽","gloss":"having filled"},{"surface":"ὕδατος","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐμπλήσας","gloss":"of water"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"into","note":"ἀνά here works with εἴκοσι μέτρα as 'up to/into twenty measures' rather than as a plain preposition."},{"surface":"εἴκοσι","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies μέτρα","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"μέτρα","lemma":"μέτρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of χεῦ᾽","gloss":"measures"}]},{"number":210,"label":"210","id":"b9-l210","source":"χεῦʼ, ὀδμὴ δʼ ἡδεῖα ἀπὸ κρητῆρος ὀδώδει","translation":"of water, and a sweet fragrance rose from the mixing-bowl,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l210.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χεῦ","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he would pour","note":"χεῦ(ε), imperfect of χέω 'pour' — iterative past, matching the repeated drinking custom."},{"surface":"ὀδμὴ","lemma":"ὀσμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀδώδει","gloss":"fragrance"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡδεῖα","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδμὴ","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"κρητῆρος","lemma":"κρατήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπὸ","gloss":"the bowl"},{"surface":"ὀδώδει","lemma":"ὄζω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rose","note":"ὀδώδει, pluperfect of ὄζω 'smell' used with simple past force, describing the lingering aroma."}]},{"number":211,"label":"211","id":"b9-l211","source":"θεσπεσίη· τότʼ ἂν οὔ τοι ἀποσχέσθαι φίλον ἦεν.","translation":"marvelous; then there was no pleasure in holding back from it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l211.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεσπεσίη","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδμὴ","gloss":"marvelous"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀποσχέσθαι","lemma":"ἀπέχω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"to hold back","note":"ἀποσχέσθαι, aorist middle infinitive of ἀπέχω 'hold oneself off' — subject of the impersonal 'it was no pleasure.'"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"pleasing"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":212,"label":"212","id":"b9-l212","source":"τοῦ φέρον ἐμπλήσας ἀσκὸν μέγαν, ἐν δὲ καὶ ᾖα","translation":"I filled a great skin with this and carried it, and provisions too","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l212.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἐμπλήσας","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I carried"},{"surface":"ἐμπλήσας","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"having filled"},{"surface":"ἀσκὸν","lemma":"ἀσκός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"skin"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀσκὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ᾖα","lemma":"ἤια","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"provisions","note":"ᾖα, epic word for 'food/rations for a journey' — distinct from ordinary food terms."}]},{"number":213,"label":"213","id":"b9-l213","source":"κωρύκῳ· αὐτίκα γάρ μοι ὀίσατο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ","translation":"in a leather bag; for at once my proud heart suspected","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l213.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ","title":"Proud heart","body":"The thumos is the seat of feeling and impulse; agênôr means \"manly, lordly.\" Odysseus's foreboding here marks his characteristic foresight."}],"words":[{"surface":"κωρύκῳ","lemma":"κώρυκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"leather bag","note":"κώρυκος, a leather sack for carrying food — everyday travel gear in the epic world."},{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπελεύσεσθαι","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ὀίσατο","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"suspected"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ὀίσατο","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀγήνωρ","lemma":"ἀγήνωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμὸς","gloss":"proud"}]},{"number":214,"label":"214","id":"b9-l214","source":"ἄνδρʼ ἐπελεύσεσθαι μεγάλην ἐπιειμένον ἀλκήν,","translation":"that a man would come upon us clothed in great strength,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l214.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄνδρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπελεύσεσθαι","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"ἐπελεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ὀίσατο","gloss":"would come upon","note":"ἐπελεύσεσθαι, future infinitive of ἐπέρχομαι, object of 'suspected' — foreboding of Polyphemus."},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκήν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἐπιειμένον","lemma":"ἐπιέννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"clothed in","note":"ἐπιειμένον, perfect passive participle 'having put on/clothed in' — metaphorical, 'clad in strength.'"},{"surface":"ἀλκήν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιειμένον","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":215,"label":"215","id":"b9-l215","source":"ἄγριον, οὔτε δίκας ἐὺ εἰδότα οὔτε θέμιστας.","translation":"a savage, knowing well neither justice nor laws.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l215.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄγριον","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"a savage"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"δίκας","lemma":"δίκη","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of οὔ","gloss":"justice"},{"surface":"ἐὺ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰδότα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"εἰδότα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"θέμιστας","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of οὔ","gloss":"laws"}]},{"number":216,"label":"216","id":"b9-l216","source":"καρπαλίμως δʼ εἰς ἄντρον ἀφικόμεθʼ, οὐδέ μιν\n                     ἔνδον","translation":"Swiftly we came to the cave, but we did not find him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l216.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφικόμεθ᾽","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἄντρον","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἀφικόμεθ","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we came"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εὕρομεν","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὕρομεν","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":217,"label":"217","id":"b9-l217","source":"εὕρομεν, ἀλλʼ ἐνόμευε νομὸν κάτα πίονα μῆλα.","translation":"inside; he was herding his fat flocks out in the pasture.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l217.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὕρομεν","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we found","note":"εὕρομεν governs μιν ἔνδον from the previous line: 'we did not find him inside.'"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐνόμευε","lemma":"νομεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was herding"},{"surface":"νομὸν","lemma":"νομός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κάτα","gloss":"pasture"},{"surface":"κάτα","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνόμευε","gloss":"flocks"}]},{"number":218,"label":"218","id":"b9-l218","source":"ἐλθόντες δʼ εἰς ἄντρον ἐθηεύμεσθα ἕκαστα.","translation":"Going into the cave, we gazed at each thing in turn.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l218.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθηεύμεσθα","gloss":"having gone"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ἄντρον","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἐθηεύμεσθα","lemma":"θεάομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we gazed at"},{"surface":"ἕκαστα","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐθηεύμεσθα","gloss":"each thing"}]},{"number":219,"label":"219","id":"b9-l219","source":"ταρσοὶ μὲν τυρῶν βρῖθον, στείνοντο δὲ σηκοὶ","translation":"The racks were laden heavy with cheeses, and the pens were crowded","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l219.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ταρσοὶ","lemma":"ταρσός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of βρῖθον","gloss":"racks","note":"ταρσοί, wicker racks for draining/storing cheeses — vivid domestic detail of the Cyclops's cave."},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τυρῶν","lemma":"τυρός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of βρῖθον","gloss":"of cheeses"},{"surface":"βρῖθον","lemma":"βρίθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were laden"},{"surface":"στείνοντο","lemma":"στείνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were crowded"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σηκοὶ","lemma":"σηκός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of στείνοντο","gloss":"pens"}]},{"number":220,"label":"220","id":"b9-l220","source":"ἀρνῶν ἠδʼ ἐρίφων· διακεκριμέναι δὲ ἕκασται","translation":"with lambs and kids; and each kind was penned apart,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l220.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνῶν","lemma":"ἀρνός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"of lambs"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρίφων","lemma":"ἔριφος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"of kids"},{"surface":"διακεκριμέναι","lemma":"διακρίνω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, dative singular feminine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχατο","gloss":"kept separate","note":"διακεκριμέναι, perfect participle 'having been sorted apart' — the perfect stresses the resulting orderly state."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκασται","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of ἔρχατο","gloss":"each group"}]},{"number":221,"label":"221","id":"b9-l221","source":"ἔρχατο, χωρὶς μὲν πρόγονοι, χωρὶς δὲ μέτασσαι,","translation":"were penned, the older-born apart, the middle-born apart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l221.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔρχατο","lemma":"ἔργνυμι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were penned"},{"surface":"χωρὶς","lemma":"χωρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρόγονοι","lemma":"πρόγονος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"firstborn"},{"surface":"χωρὶς","lemma":"χωρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέτασσαι","lemma":"μέτασσα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"middle-born"}]},{"number":222,"label":"222","id":"b9-l222","source":"χωρὶς δʼ αὖθʼ ἕρσαι. ναῖον δʼ ὀρῷ ἄγγεα πάντα,","translation":"and apart again the newborn lambs. With whey all his vessels swam,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l222.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χωρὶς","lemma":"χωρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"apart"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖθ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἕρσαι","lemma":"ἕρση","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"newborn lambs","note":"ἕρσαι literally 'dew-drops,' a poetic epithet for the very youngest lambs."},{"surface":"ναῖον","lemma":"ναίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swam","note":"This form (from νάω 'flow', not to be confused with ναίω 'dwell') describes the vessels overflowing/awash with whey."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀρῷ","lemma":"ὀρός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ναῖον","gloss":"with whey"},{"surface":"ἄγγεα","lemma":"ἄγγος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"vessels"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄγγεα","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":223,"label":"223","id":"b9-l223","source":"γαυλοί τε σκαφίδες τε, τετυγμένα, τοῖς ἐνάμελγεν.","translation":"the pails and the bowls, well-made, into which he did his milking.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l223.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γαυλοί","lemma":"γαυλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"pails"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σκαφίδες","lemma":"σκαφίς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of τε","gloss":"bowls"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τετυγμένα","lemma":"τεύχω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","role":"adverbial to ναῖον","gloss":"well-made"},{"surface":"τοῖς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐνάμελγεν","gloss":"into which"},{"surface":"ἐνάμελγεν","lemma":"ἐναμέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"he milked"}]},{"number":224,"label":"224","id":"b9-l224","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐμὲ μὲν πρώτισθʼ ἕταροι λίσσοντʼ ἐπέεσσιν","translation":"There first my companions begged me with their words","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l224.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to λίσσοντ᾽","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λίσσοντ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρώτισθ","lemma":"πρώτιστος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"first of all"},{"surface":"ἕταροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of λίσσοντ᾽","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"λίσσοντ","lemma":"λίσσομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"begged"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to λίσσοντ᾽","gloss":"with words"}]},{"number":225,"label":"225","id":"b9-l225","source":"τυρῶν αἰνυμένους ἰέναι πάλιν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"to take some cheeses and go back, and then afterward","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l225.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυρῶν","lemma":"τυρός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰνυμένους","gloss":"of cheeses"},{"surface":"αἰνυμένους","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"present middle participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"taking","note":"αἰνυμένους, epic middle participle of αἴνυμαι 'take/seize' — rare verb, mostly confined to Homeric diction."},{"surface":"ἰέναι","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"to go"},{"surface":"πάλιν","lemma":"πάλιν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰέναι","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπιπλεῖν","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":226,"label":"226","id":"b9-l226","source":"καρπαλίμως ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν ἐρίφους τε καὶ ἄρνας","translation":"quickly to drive the kids and lambs to the swift ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l226.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξελάσαντας","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"θοὴν","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"ἐρίφους","lemma":"ἔριφος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"kids"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄρνας","lemma":"ἀρνός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"lambs"}]},{"number":227,"label":"227","id":"b9-l227","source":"σηκῶν ἐξελάσαντας ἐπιπλεῖν ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ·","translation":"out of the pens and sail away over the salt water;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l227.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σηκῶν","lemma":"σηκός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξελάσαντας","gloss":"from the pens"},{"surface":"ἐξελάσαντας","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having driven out"},{"surface":"ἐπιπλεῖν","lemma":"ἐπιπλέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of αὐτὰρ","gloss":"to sail"},{"surface":"ἁλμυρὸν","lemma":"ἁλμυρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"salt"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιπλεῖν","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":228,"label":"228","id":"b9-l228","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐ πιθόμην, ἦ τʼ ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν,","translation":"but I would not listen — and far better had it been —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l228.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐ πιθόμην","title":"Unaugmented aorist middle","body":"πιθόμην is the aorist middle of πείθω, here 'I was not persuaded / I would not listen.' Odysseus narrates his fatal choice with the ironic regret 'far better had it been.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πιθόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πιθόμην","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was persuaded","note":"οὐ πιθόμην — Odysseus's fateful refusal to listen, a key moment of hubris in the tale."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"κέρδιον","lemma":"κερδίων","morphology":"nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"better"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"would have been"}]},{"number":229,"label":"229","id":"b9-l229","source":"ὄφρʼ αὐτόν τε ἴδοιμι, καὶ εἴ μοι ξείνια δοίη.","translation":"so that I might see the man himself, and whether he would give me guest-gifts.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l229.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"him himself"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴδοιμι","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"I might see"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ξείνια","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"guest-gifts","note":"ξείνια, the ritual gifts of hospitality (xenia) — Odysseus hopes for guest-friendship, tragically misplaced here."},{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"might give"}]},{"number":230,"label":"230","id":"b9-l230","source":"οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλʼ ἑτάροισι φανεὶς ἐρατεινὸς ἔσεσθαι.","translation":"But his appearing was not destined to be welcome to my companions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l230.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔμελλ","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was destined"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐρατεινὸς","gloss":"to companions"},{"surface":"φανεὶς","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσεσθαι","gloss":"having appeared"},{"surface":"ἐρατεινὸς","lemma":"ἐρατεινός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"welcome","note":"ironic litotes: 'not destined to be welcome' foreshadows the horror of meeting Polyphemus."},{"surface":"ἔσεσθαι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλ᾽","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":231,"label":"231","id":"b9-l231","source":"ἔνθα δὲ πῦρ κήαντες ἐθύσαμεν ἠδὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ","translation":"There we kindled a fire and made sacrifice, and ourselves","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l231.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐθύσαμεν","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of κήαντες","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"κήαντες","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθύσαμεν","gloss":"kindling","note":"aorist participle 'having lit' precedes the main verb, giving the sequence of actions."},{"surface":"ἐθύσαμεν","lemma":"θύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sacrificed"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"we ourselves","note":"αὐτοί intensifies 'we', marking the men's own share distinct from the offering."}]},{"number":232,"label":"232","id":"b9-l232","source":"τυρῶν αἰνύμενοι φάγομεν, μένομέν τέ μιν ἔνδον","translation":"took some of the cheeses and ate, and waited for him inside,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l232.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυρῶν","lemma":"τυρός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰνύμενοι","gloss":"of cheeses"},{"surface":"αἰνύμενοι","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to φάγομεν","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"φάγομεν","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we ate"},{"surface":"μένομέν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we waited"},{"surface":"τέ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of μένομέν","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ἔνδον","lemma":"ἔνδον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥμενοι","gloss":"inside"}]},{"number":233,"label":"233","id":"b9-l233","source":"ἥμενοι, ἧος ἐπῆλθε νέμων. φέρε δʼ ὄβριμον ἄχθος","translation":"sitting, until he came back herding. He carried a heavy load","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l233.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμενοι","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to μένομέν","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἐπῆλθε","lemma":"ἐπέρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἧος","gloss":"he came"},{"surface":"νέμων","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπῆλθε","gloss":"herding","note":"νέμω of a shepherd driving flocks to pasture, not 'apportioning'."},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he carried"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄχθος","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"ἄχθος","lemma":"ἄχθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"load"}]},{"number":234,"label":"234","id":"b9-l234","source":"ὕλης ἀζαλέης, ἵνα οἱ ποτιδόρπιον εἴη,","translation":"of dry wood, to serve him for his supper,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l234.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕλης","lemma":"ὕλη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄχθος","gloss":"of wood"},{"surface":"ἀζαλέης","lemma":"ἀζαλέος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὕλης","gloss":"dry"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ποτιδόρπιον","lemma":"ποτιδόρπιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"for supper","note":"ποτιδόρπιον 'for a relish with supper' is a rare compound tied to the shepherd's evening meal."},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"it might be"}]},{"number":235,"label":"235","id":"b9-l235","source":"ἔντοσθεν δʼ ἄντροιο βαλὼν ὀρυμαγδὸν ἔθηκεν·","translation":"and flinging it down inside the cave he made a great din;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l235.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔντοσθεν","lemma":"ἔντοσθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄντροιο","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔντοσθεν","gloss":"of the cave"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔθηκεν","gloss":"throwing","note":"aorist participle 'having flung it down' gives the cause of the crashing noise that follows."},{"surface":"ὀρυμαγδὸν","lemma":"ὀρυμαγδός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔθηκεν","gloss":"a din"},{"surface":"ἔθηκεν","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he made"}]},{"number":236,"label":"236","id":"b9-l236","source":"ἡμεῖς δὲ δείσαντες ἀπεσσύμεθʼ ἐς μυχὸν ἄντρου.","translation":"and we in fear shrank away into a corner of the cave.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l236.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπεσσύμεθ᾽","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δείσαντες","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεσσύμεθ᾽","gloss":"fearing","note":"aorist participle marks fright as the trigger for the sudden retreat, not a lingering state."},{"surface":"ἀπεσσύμεθ","lemma":"ἀποσεύω","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we shrank back"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"μυχὸν","lemma":"μυχός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"corner"},{"surface":"ἄντρου","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies μυχὸν","gloss":"of the cave"}]},{"number":237,"label":"237","id":"b9-l237","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ εἰς εὐρὺ σπέος ἤλασε πίονα μῆλα","translation":"Then he drove into the wide cavern his fat flocks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l237.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέος","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"cavern"},{"surface":"ἤλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he drove"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"flocks"}]},{"number":238,"label":"238","id":"b9-l238","source":"πάντα μάλʼ ὅσσʼ ἤμελγε, τὰ δʼ ἄρσενα λεῖπε θύρηφιν,","translation":"all those he milked, but the males he left outside the door,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l238.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"ὅσσ","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἤμελγε","gloss":"as many as"},{"surface":"ἤμελγε","lemma":"ἀμέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing μῆλα","gloss":"he milked"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἄρσενα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄρσενα","lemma":"ἄρσην","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"males"},{"surface":"λεῖπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he left"},{"surface":"θύρηφιν","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive feminine noun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"outside the doors"}]},{"number":239,"label":"239","id":"b9-l239","source":"ἀρνειούς τε τράγους τε, βαθείης ἔκτοθεν αὐλῆς.","translation":"the rams and he-goats, out in the deep courtyard.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l239.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνειούς","lemma":"ἀρνειός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"rams"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τράγους","lemma":"τράγος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"he-goats"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐλῆς","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἔκτοθεν","lemma":"ἔκτοθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκτοθεν","gloss":"courtyard"}]},{"number":240,"label":"240","id":"b9-l240","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἐπέθηκε θυρεὸν μέγαν ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας,","translation":"Then he lifted high and set in place a great door-stone,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l240.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"after that"},{"surface":"ἐπέθηκε","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set on"},{"surface":"θυρεὸν","lemma":"θυρεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"door-stone"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀείρας","gloss":"on high"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"lifting","note":"aorist participle 'having heaved it up' precedes ἐπέθηκε, painting the Cyclops's monstrous strength in one motion."}]},{"number":241,"label":"241","id":"b9-l241","source":"ὄβριμον· οὐκ ἂν τόν γε δύω καὶ εἴκοσʼ ἄμαξαι","translation":"a massive one: not twenty-two good four-wheeled wagons","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l241.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"δύω καὶ εἴκοσʼ ἄμαξαι","title":"The stone's impossible weight","body":"The potential optative ὀχλίσσειαν ('could not pry it up') with the count of twenty-two wagons conveys the boulder's monstrous mass — a hyperbole that also seals the men's trap."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"massive"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential marker]","note":"ἄν with the optative below marks unreal potential: 'could not have pried it up'."},{"surface":"τόν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ὀχλίσσειαν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴκοσ","lemma":"εἴκοσι","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"twenty"},{"surface":"ἄμαξαι","lemma":"ἄμαξα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of ὀχλίσσειαν","gloss":"wagons"}]},{"number":242,"label":"242","id":"b9-l242","source":"ἐσθλαὶ τετράκυκλοι ἀπʼ οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν·","translation":"could have pried it up from the ground —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l242.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθλαὶ","lemma":"ἐσθλός","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαι","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"τετράκυκλοι","lemma":"τετράκυκλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄμαξαι","gloss":"four-wheeled"},{"surface":"ἀπ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"οὔδεος","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀπ᾽","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"ὀχλίσσειαν","lemma":"ὀχλίζω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"could pry up","note":"aorist optative + ἂν above forms a past unreal condition: not even 22 wagons could have moved the stone."}]},{"number":243,"label":"243","id":"b9-l243","source":"τόσσην ἠλίβατον πέτρην ἐπέθηκε θύρῃσιν.","translation":"so huge a sheer crag did he set against the doorway.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l243.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσην","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρην","gloss":"so huge"},{"surface":"ἠλίβατον","lemma":"ἠλίβατος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πέτρην","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"πέτρην","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"crag"},{"surface":"ἐπέθηκε","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set"},{"surface":"θύρῃσιν","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"against the doorway"}]},{"number":244,"label":"244","id":"b9-l244","source":"ἑζόμενος δʼ ἤμελγεν ὄις καὶ μηκάδας αἶγας,","translation":"Then sitting down he milked the ewes and bleating goats,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l244.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑζόμενος","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤμελγεν","gloss":"sitting down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἤμελγεν","lemma":"ἀμέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he milked"},{"surface":"ὄις","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ewes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μηκάδας","lemma":"μηκάς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"bleating"},{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":245,"label":"245","id":"b9-l245","source":"πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, καὶ ὑπʼ ἔμβρυον ἧκεν ἑκάστῃ.","translation":"all in due order, and put her young beneath each one.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l245.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in due"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"order","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν 'according to due share/order' is a common Homeric formula for doing a task properly."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἔμβρυον","lemma":"ἔμβρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"young one"},{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἥκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he put"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῃ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"each"}]},{"number":246,"label":"246","id":"b9-l246","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἥμισυ μὲν θρέψας λευκοῖο γάλακτος","translation":"At once he curdled half of the white milk,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l246.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἥμισυ","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of κατέθηκεν","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on one hand"},{"surface":"θρέψας","lemma":"τρέφω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκεν","gloss":"curdling","note":"aorist participle θρέψας here means 'having curdled/thickened' the milk, not the usual 'raised, nourished' sense of τρέφω."},{"surface":"λευκοῖο","lemma":"λευκός","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies γάλακτος","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"γάλακτος","lemma":"γάλα","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἥμισυ","gloss":"of milk"}]},{"number":247,"label":"247","id":"b9-l247","source":"πλεκτοῖς ἐν ταλάροισιν ἀμησάμενος κατέθηκεν,","translation":"gathered it up and laid it away in woven baskets,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l247.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλεκτοῖς","lemma":"πλεκτός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ταλάροισιν","gloss":"woven"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ταλάροισιν","lemma":"τάλαρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"baskets"},{"surface":"ἀμησάμενος","lemma":"ἀμάω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκεν","gloss":"gathering up"},{"surface":"κατέθηκεν","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he laid away"}]},{"number":248,"label":"248","id":"b9-l248","source":"ἥμισυ δʼ αὖτʼ ἔστησεν ἐν ἄγγεσιν, ὄφρα οἱ εἴη","translation":"and the other half he set up in vessels, so that he might have it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l248.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμισυ","lemma":"ἥμισυς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἔστησεν","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔστησεν","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἔστησεν","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set up"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ἄγγεσιν","lemma":"ἄγγος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"vessels"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"it might be"}]},{"number":249,"label":"249","id":"b9-l249","source":"πίνειν αἰνυμένῳ καί οἱ ποτιδόρπιον εἴη.","translation":"to take and drink, and that it might serve him for his supper.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l249.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πίνειν","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"subject of εἴη","gloss":"to drink"},{"surface":"αἰνυμένῳ","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"present middle participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to εἴη","gloss":"for him"},{"surface":"ποτιδόρπιον","lemma":"ποτιδόρπιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"for supper"},{"surface":"εἴη","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καί","gloss":"it might be"}]},{"number":250,"label":"250","id":"b9-l250","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ σπεῦσε πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα,","translation":"But when he had busily finished his tasks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l250.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σπεῦσε","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"he hastened"},{"surface":"πονησάμενος","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σπεῦσε","gloss":"having worked at","note":"middle participle stresses his own laborious effort on his own tasks."},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"his own","note":"epic possessive ἑός/ἅ 'his own' reflexive, emphasizing these are the Cyclops's personal chores."},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πονησάμενος","gloss":"tasks"}]},{"number":251,"label":"251","id":"b9-l251","source":"καὶ τότε πῦρ ἀνέκαιε καὶ εἴσιδεν, εἴρετο δʼ ἡμέας·","translation":"then he kindled the fire, and caught sight of us, and asked:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l251.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέκαιε","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἀνέκαιε","lemma":"ἀνακαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he kindled"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴσιδεν","lemma":"εἰσεῖδον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he caught sight"},{"surface":"εἴρετο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he asked"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴρετο","gloss":"us"}]},{"number":252,"label":"252","id":"b9-l252","source":"ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; πόθεν πλεῖθʼ ὑγρὰ\n                        κέλευθα;","translation":"\"Strangers, who are you? From where do you sail the watery ways?","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l252.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὑγρὰ κέλευθα","title":"'The watery ways'","body":"ὑγρὰ κέλευθα, 'the wet paths,' is a standard Homeric phrase for sea-routes — the sea imagined as roads traveled by ships."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"ξεῖνοι","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"strangers","note":"vocative address opening the Cyclops's blunt, formulaic 'who are you' question to unknown arrivals."},{"surface":"τίνες","lemma":"τίς","morphology":"irregular","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ἐστέ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"are you"},{"surface":"πόθεν","lemma":"πόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πλεῖθ᾽","gloss":"from where"},{"surface":"πλεῖθ","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you sail"},{"surface":"ὑγρὰ","lemma":"ὑγρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"watery"},{"surface":"κέλευθα","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πλεῖθ᾽","gloss":"ways"}]},{"number":253,"label":"253","id":"b9-l253","source":"ἦ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε,","translation":"Is it on some business, or do you wander recklessly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l253.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"πρῆξιν","lemma":"πρᾶξις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"business"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"μαψιδίως","lemma":"μαψίδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦ","gloss":"recklessly"},{"surface":"ἀλάλησθε","lemma":"ἀλάλημαι","morphology":"present indicative, 2nd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you wander","note":"perfect-form ἀλάλησθε with present sense: a stative 'you are (habitually) roaming'."}]},{"number":254,"label":"254","id":"b9-l254","source":"οἷά τε ληιστῆρες, ὑπεὶρ ἅλα, τοί τʼ ἀλόωνται","translation":"like raiders over the sea, men who roam about","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l254.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἷά","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial","gloss":"such as","note":"οἷά τε ληιστῆρες 'like raiders' — a Homeric simile-tag comparing the strangers to pirates."},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[simile marker]"},{"surface":"ληιστῆρες","lemma":"λῃστήρ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"raiders"},{"surface":"ὑπεὶρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπεὶρ","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλόωνται","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[relative marker]"},{"surface":"ἀλόωνται","lemma":"ἀλάομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ληιστῆρες","gloss":"roam about"}]},{"number":255,"label":"255","id":"b9-l255","source":"ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι κακὸν ἀλλοδαποῖσι φέροντες;","translation":"risking their own lives and bringing harm to strangers?\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l255.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι","title":"'Staking their lives'","body":"The participle παρθέμενοι (aorist middle of παρατίθημι) means 'having set down as a stake' — pirates gamble their own ψυχαί. The participle modifies the wandering raiders of the line above."}],"words":[{"surface":"ψυχὰς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of παρθέμενοι","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"παρθέμενοι","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλόωνται","gloss":"risking","note":"idiom ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι 'staking their lives' — literally 'setting their souls beside' as a wager."},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"harm"},{"surface":"ἀλλοδαποῖσι","lemma":"ἀλλοδαπός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of φέροντες","gloss":"to strangers"},{"surface":"φέροντες","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλόωνται","gloss":"bringing"}]},{"number":256,"label":"256","id":"b9-l256","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτε κατεκλάσθη φίλον\n                     ἦτορ,","translation":"So he spoke, and our hearts were broken within us,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l256.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαθ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφαθ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἡμῖν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κατεκλάσθη","gloss":"for us"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"κατεκλάσθη","lemma":"κατακλάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was crushed","note":"formulaic κατεκλάσθη φίλον ἦτορ 'our dear heart was broken' expresses sudden terror in Homer."},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦτορ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of κατεκλάσθη","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":257,"label":"257","id":"b9-l257","source":"δεισάντων φθόγγον τε βαρὺν αὐτόν τε πέλωρον.","translation":"in terror of his deep voice and his monstrous bulk.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l257.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δεισάντων","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"adverbial to κατεκλάσθη","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"φθόγγον","lemma":"φθόγγος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τε","gloss":"voice"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βαρὺν","lemma":"βαρύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φθόγγον","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"αὐτόν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of τε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πέλωρον","lemma":"πέλωρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αὐτόν","gloss":"monstrous","note":"πέλωρον 'monstrous, huge' underscores the Cyclops's terrifying, unnatural size."}]},{"number":258,"label":"258","id":"b9-l258","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥς μιν ἔπεσσιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπον·","translation":"But even so I answered him with words and said:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l258.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσέειπον","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπον","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσέειπον","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπον","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"προσέειπον","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I said"}]},{"number":259,"label":"259","id":"b9-l259","source":"ἡμεῖς τοι Τροίηθεν ἀποπλαγχθέντες Ἀχαιοὶ","translation":"\"We are Achaeans, driven off our course from Troy","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l259.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤλθομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"τοι","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"τοι, enclitic 'you know' particle, adds intimate tone to Odysseus's address"},{"surface":"Τροίηθεν","lemma":"Τροίαθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀποπλαγχθέντες","gloss":"from Troy","note":"-θεν suffix marks 'from' — directional ablative adverb, no preposition needed"},{"surface":"ἀποπλαγχθέντες","lemma":"ἀποπλάζω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"driven astray"},{"surface":"Ἀχαιοὶ","lemma":"Ἀχαιός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἡμεῖς","gloss":"Achaeans"}]},{"number":260,"label":"260","id":"b9-l260","source":"παντοίοις ἀνέμοισιν ὑπὲρ μέγα λαῖτμα θαλάσσης,","translation":"by winds of every kind over the great gulf of the sea;","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l260.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"παντοίοις","lemma":"παντοῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνέμοισιν","gloss":"of every kind"},{"surface":"ἀνέμοισιν","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποπλαγχθέντες","gloss":"winds"},{"surface":"ὑπὲρ","lemma":"ὑπέρ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λαῖτμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"λαῖτμα","lemma":"λαῖτμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπὲρ","gloss":"gulf","note":"λαῖτμα θαλάσσης, epic formula for the vast open sea"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies λαῖτμα","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":261,"label":"261","id":"b9-l261","source":"οἴκαδε ἱέμενοι, ἄλλην ὁδὸν ἄλλα κέλευθα","translation":"homeward bound, by another way, by other paths","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l261.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἱέμενοι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἱέμενοι","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"longing","note":"middle participle of ἵημι, 'sending oneself' i.e. eager/striving toward home"},{"surface":"ἄλλην","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὁδὸν","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ὁδὸν","lemma":"ὁδός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"ἄλλα","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κέλευθα","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"κέλευθα","lemma":"κέλευθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object","gloss":"paths","note":"ἄλλην ὁδὸν ἄλλα κέλευθα, doubled synonyms for poetic emphasis on being far off course"}]},{"number":262,"label":"262","id":"b9-l262","source":"ἤλθομεν· οὕτω που Ζεὺς ἤθελε μητίσασθαι.","translation":"we have come — so, I suppose, Zeus willed to contrive it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l262.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤλθομεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we came"},{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤθελε","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"I suppose","note":"που softens the claim, epic understatement about divine will"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤθελε","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"ἤθελε","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"willed"},{"surface":"μητίσασθαι","lemma":"μητίομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελε","gloss":"to contrive"}]},{"number":263,"label":"263","id":"b9-l263","source":"λαοὶ δʼ Ἀτρεΐδεω Ἀγαμέμνονος εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι,","translation":"We claim to be the men of Agamemnon, son of Atreus,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l263.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λαοὶ","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"men/people"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ἀτρεΐδεω","lemma":"Ἀτρείδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"surface":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","lemma":"Ἀγαμέμνων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λαοὶ","gloss":"Agamemnon"},{"surface":"εὐχόμεθ","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we claim","note":"εὔχομαι = boast/claim proudly, not mere 'say' — proud self-identification as Agamemnon's men"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὐχόμεθ᾽","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":264,"label":"264","id":"b9-l264","source":"τοῦ δὴ νῦν γε μέγιστον ὑπουράνιον κλέος ἐστί·","translation":"whose fame is now the greatest under heaven,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l264.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλέος","title":"Kleos","body":"κλέος is the renown a hero wins and that endures in song. Odysseus invokes Agamemnon's sky-high glory to impress — and intimidate — the Cyclops."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κλέος","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐστί","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"μέγιστον","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"greatest"},{"surface":"ὑπουράνιον","lemma":"ὑπουράνιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"under heaven","note":"ὑπουράνιον, compound adjective 'beneath-sky' — hyperbolic scope of Agamemnon's fame"},{"surface":"κλέος","lemma":"κλέος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐστί","gloss":"fame"},{"surface":"ἐστί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":265,"label":"265","id":"b9-l265","source":"τόσσην γὰρ διέπερσε πόλιν καὶ ἀπώλεσε λαοὺς","translation":"so great a city did he sack, and destroyed a host of","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l265.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσην","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies πόλιν","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"διέπερσε","lemma":"διαπέρθω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sacked","note":"διαπέρθω, 'utterly sack' — δια- intensifies πέρθω, total destruction of Troy"},{"surface":"πόλιν","lemma":"πόλις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of διέπερσε","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπώλεσε","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"destroyed"},{"surface":"λαοὺς","lemma":"λαός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώλεσε","gloss":"host/people"}]},{"number":266,"label":"266","id":"b9-l266","source":"πολλούς. ἡμεῖς δʼ αὖτε κιχανόμενοι τὰ σὰ γοῦνα","translation":"people. But we for our part, reaching your knees,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l266.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλούς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies λαοὺς","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἱκόμεθ᾽","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"κιχανόμενοι","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἱκόμεθ᾽","gloss":"reaching","note":"κιχανόμενοι + knees, epic supplication gesture — grasping a host's knees to beg protection"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies γοῦνα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"σὰ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies γοῦνα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"γοῦνα","lemma":"γόνυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκόμεθ᾽","gloss":"knees"}]},{"number":267,"label":"267","id":"b9-l267","source":"ἱκόμεθʼ, εἴ τι πόροις ξεινήιον ἠὲ καὶ ἄλλως","translation":"have come, hoping you might offer a guest-gift, or otherwise","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l267.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱκόμεθ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we have come"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ξεινήιον","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"πόροις","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"you might give","note":"optative πόροις with εἰ forms a future-remote conditional protasis ('if you should give'), not a wish-clause"},{"surface":"ξεινήιον","lemma":"ξεινήιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πόροις","gloss":"guest-gift"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"ἄλλως","lemma":"ἄλλως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δοίης","gloss":"otherwise"}]},{"number":268,"label":"268","id":"b9-l268","source":"δοίης δωτίνην, ἥ τε ξείνων θέμις ἐστίν.","translation":"give us a present, as is the right of strangers.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l268.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δοίης","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"you might give"},{"surface":"δωτίνην","lemma":"δωτίνη","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δοίης","gloss":"a gift","note":"δωτίνη, guest-gift vocabulary distinct from ξεινήιον — reinforces the xenia theme of this scene"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ξείνων","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θέμις","gloss":"of strangers"},{"surface":"θέμις","lemma":"θέμις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"right/custom"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ἠὲ","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":269,"label":"269","id":"b9-l269","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰδεῖο, φέριστε, θεούς· ἱκέται δέ τοί εἰμεν,","translation":"Respect the gods, mighty one: we are your suppliants,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l269.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰδεῖο","lemma":"αἰδέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"respect","note":"optative used as polite imperative, αἰδέομαι = fear/respect (divine sanction), core to the xenia plea"},{"surface":"φέριστε","lemma":"φέριστος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"mightiest one"},{"surface":"θεούς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of αἰδεῖο","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"ἱκέται","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"suppliants"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τοί","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἰμεν","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"εἰμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":270,"label":"270","id":"b9-l270","source":"Ζεὺς δʼ ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε,","translation":"and Zeus is the avenger of suppliants and of strangers,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l270.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιτιμήτωρ","lemma":"ἐπιτιμήτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"avenger"},{"surface":"ἱκετάων","lemma":"ἱκέτης","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of suppliants"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"ξείνων","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"of strangers"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":271,"label":"271","id":"b9-l271","source":"ξείνιος, ὃς ξείνοισιν ἅμʼ αἰδοίοισιν ὀπηδεῖ.","translation":"Zeus the god of guests, who attends honored strangers.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l271.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ξείνιος","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"the guest-god","note":"ξείνιος, epithet of Zeus as patron of hospitality — key to Odysseus's whole appeal"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὀπηδεῖ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ξείνοισιν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἅμ᾽","gloss":"strangers"},{"surface":"ἅμ","lemma":"ἅμα","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"together with"},{"surface":"αἰδοίοισιν","lemma":"αἰδοῖος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ξείνοισιν","gloss":"honored"},{"surface":"ὀπηδεῖ","lemma":"ὀπαδέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ,","gloss":"attends"}]},{"number":272,"label":"272","id":"b9-l272","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δέ μʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀμείβετο νηλέι\n                     θυμῷ·","translation":"So I spoke, and at once he answered me with a pitiless heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l272.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμείβετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμείβετο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀμείβετο","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"νηλέι","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"pitiless","note":"νηλέι θυμῷ, formulaic phrase marking the Cyclops's inhuman cruelty in contrast to xenia norms"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβετο","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":273,"label":"273","id":"b9-l273","source":"νήπιός εἰς, ὦ ξεῖνʼ, ἢ τηλόθεν εἰλήλουθας,","translation":"\"You are a fool, stranger, or have come from far away,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l273.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"εἰλήλουθας","title":"Reduplicated perfect","body":"εἰλήλουθας is the perfect of ἔρχομαι, 'you have come.' The reduplicated stem marks the perfect, here describing the stranger's present state of having arrived from afar."}],"words":[{"surface":"νήπιός","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a fool"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you are"},{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"ξεῖν","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"τηλόθεν","lemma":"τηλόθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰλήλουθας","gloss":"from afar"},{"surface":"εἰλήλουθας","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you have come","note":"perfect εἰλήλουθας, emphasizing the result/state of arrival — 'you must be from far off to not know us'"}]},{"number":274,"label":"274","id":"b9-l274","source":"ὅς με θεοὺς κέλεαι ἢ δειδίμεν ἢ ἀλέασθαι·","translation":"you who bid me fear the gods or shun them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l274.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κέλεαι","gloss":"you who"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἢ","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θεοὺς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"the gods"},{"surface":"κέλεαι","lemma":"κέλομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"bid"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"δειδίμεν","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"perfect active infinitive","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to fear"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"ἀλέασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative verb","role":"object of ἢ","gloss":"to shun"}]},{"number":275,"label":"275","id":"b9-l275","source":"οὐ γὰρ Κύκλωπες Διὸς αἰγιόχου ἀλέγουσιν","translation":"The Cyclopes care nothing for Zeus who bears the aegis,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l275.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Κύκλωπες","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"Cyclopes"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλέγουσιν","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"αἰγιόχου","lemma":"αἰγίοχος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"aegis-bearing","note":"αἰγίοχος, standard Zeus epithet 'holding the aegis' — Polyphemus dismisses even this power"},{"surface":"ἀλέγουσιν","lemma":"ἀλέγω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"care about"}]},{"number":276,"label":"276","id":"b9-l276","source":"οὐδὲ θεῶν μακάρων, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰμεν·","translation":"nor for the blessed gods, since we are far stronger;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l276.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"μακάρων","lemma":"μάκαρ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"φέρτεροί","lemma":"φέρτατος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"stronger","note":"φέρτεροι, Cyclops boasts of Cyclopean superiority over the Olympians themselves — hubris that dooms him"},{"surface":"εἰμεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"we are"}]},{"number":277,"label":"277","id":"b9-l277","source":"οὐδʼ ἂν ἐγὼ Διὸς ἔχθος ἀλευάμενος πεφιδοίμην","translation":"I would not spare you to escape the hatred of Zeus,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l277.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἂν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πεφιδοίμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἔχθος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ἔχθος","lemma":"ἔχθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀλευάμενος","gloss":"hatred"},{"surface":"ἀλευάμενος","lemma":"ἀλέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πεφιδοίμην","gloss":"avoiding"},{"surface":"πεφιδοίμην","lemma":"φείδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I would spare","note":"ἂν + optative πεφιδοίμην is a potential optative ('I would spare'), not a contrary-to-fact construction (which uses ἄν + past indicative)"}]},{"number":278,"label":"278","id":"b9-l278","source":"οὔτε σεῦ οὔθʼ ἑτάρων, εἰ μὴ θυμός με κελεύοι.","translation":"neither you nor your companions, unless my own heart bade me.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l278.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σεῦ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"οὔθ","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"ἑτάρων","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of οὔθ᾽","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"unless"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"θυμός","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κελεύοι","gloss":"heart/spirit"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κελεύοι","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"should bid","note":"optative κελεύοι in εἰ μή clause, expresses the Cyclops's own whim as sole moral law"}]},{"number":279,"label":"279","id":"b9-l279","source":"ἀλλά μοι εἴφʼ ὅπῃ ἔσχες ἰὼν ἐυεργέα νῆα,","translation":"But tell me, where did you moor your well-built ship when you came —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l279.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἴφ᾽","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"εἴφ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"},{"surface":"ὅπῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ἔσχες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"object of εἴφ᾽","gloss":"you moored"},{"surface":"ἰὼν","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔσχες","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐυεργέα","lemma":"εὐεργής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆα","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔσχες","gloss":"ship"}]},{"number":280,"label":"280","id":"b9-l280","source":"ἤ που ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῆς, ἦ καὶ σχεδόν, ὄφρα δαείω.","translation":"somewhere far off, or close by? — so that I may know.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l280.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἐσχατιῆς","lemma":"ἐσχατιά","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπ᾽","gloss":"the edge/border"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"σχεδόν","lemma":"σχεδόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἦ","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"δαείω","lemma":"δάω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"I may learn","note":"aorist subjunctive δαείω in purpose clause — Polyphemus is probing to locate and destroy the ship"}]},{"number":281,"label":"281","id":"b9-l281","source":"ὣς φάτο πειράζων, ἐμὲ δʼ οὐ λάθεν εἰδότα\n                     πολλά,","translation":"So he spoke, testing me, but he did not catch me, who knew much,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l281.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐ λάθεν εἰδότα πολλά","title":"'He did not escape my notice'","body":"λάθεν (aorist of λανθάνω) takes the accusative participle εἰδότα, 'me knowing much.' The idiom means his trick did not slip past the much-knowing Odysseus."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτο","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"πειράζων","lemma":"πειράζω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to φάτο","gloss":"testing","note":"πειράζων marks this as a deliberate trap, not innocent curiosity"},{"surface":"ἐμὲ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λάθεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"λάθεν","lemma":"λανθάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he escaped notice"},{"surface":"εἰδότα","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"knowing","note":"perfect participle εἰδότα, 'having come to know' i.e. Odysseus's cunning awareness of the trick"},{"surface":"πολλά","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδότα","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":282,"label":"282","id":"b9-l282","source":"ἀλλά μιν ἄψορρον προσέφην δολίοις ἐπέεσσι·","translation":"and I answered him back with cunning words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l282.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφην","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄψορρον","lemma":"ἄψορρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προσέφην","gloss":"in reply","note":"ἄψορρον, adverbial 'back again' — answering craftily in turn"},{"surface":"προσέφην","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke"},{"surface":"δολίοις","lemma":"δόλιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσι","gloss":"crafty"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσέφην","gloss":"words","note":"δολίοις ἐπέεσσι, marks Odysseus's deliberate deception — the ship-wreck story is a lie"}]},{"number":283,"label":"283","id":"b9-l283","source":"νέα μέν μοι κατέαξε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων","translation":"\"Poseidon the earth-shaker wrecked my ship,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l283.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐνοσίχθων","title":"Earth-shaker","body":"ἐνοσίχθων ('earth-shaker') is a fixed epithet of Poseidon. Odysseus' lie is pointed: he blames Poseidon — who will soon become his real enemy through this very encounter."}],"words":[{"surface":"νέα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of κατέαξε","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"μέν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to κατέαξε","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κατέαξε","lemma":"κατάγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"wrecked"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάων","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέαξε","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάων","gloss":"earth-shaker","note":"Ἐνοσίχθων, standard Poseidon epithet — Odysseus invents blaming the sea-god for his own wreck"}]},{"number":284,"label":"284","id":"b9-l284","source":"πρὸς πέτρῃσι βαλὼν ὑμῆς ἐπὶ πείρασι γαίης,","translation":"casting it against the rocks at the borders of your land,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l284.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"πέτρῃσι","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"rocks"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"casting"},{"surface":"ὑμῆς","lemma":"ὑμός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαίης","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"πείρασι","lemma":"πεῖραρ","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"borders"},{"surface":"γαίης","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies πείρασι","gloss":"of the land"}]},{"number":285,"label":"285","id":"b9-l285","source":"ἄκρῃ προσπελάσας· ἄνεμος δʼ ἐκ πόντου ἔνεικεν·","translation":"driving it onto a headland; the wind bore it in from the sea.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l285.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκρῃ","lemma":"ἄκρις","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of προσπελάσας","gloss":"headland"},{"surface":"προσπελάσας","lemma":"προσπελάζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"driving near"},{"surface":"ἄνεμος","lemma":"ἄνεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔνεικεν","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόντου","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκ","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"ἔνεικεν","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"}]},{"number":286,"label":"286","id":"b9-l286","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σὺν τοῖσδε ὑπέκφυγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.","translation":"But I with these men here escaped sheer destruction.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l286.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑπέκφυγον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"τοῖσδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"these men"},{"surface":"ὑπέκφυγον","lemma":"ὑπεκφεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέκφυγον","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":287,"label":"287","id":"b9-l287","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δέ μʼ οὐδὲν ἀμείβετο νηλέι\n                     θυμῷ,","translation":"So I spoke, and he answered me nothing with his pitiless heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l287.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke","note":"φημί as middle ἐφάμην is the standard epic 'I said' form"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμείβετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμείβετο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οὐδὲν","lemma":"οὐδείς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἀμείβετο","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"ἀμείβετο","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"νηλέι","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"pitiless","note":"νηλής 'pitiless' recurs as a fixed epithet for cruel hearts/fate"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβετο","gloss":"heart, spirit"}]},{"number":288,"label":"288","id":"b9-l288","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἀναΐξας ἑτάροις ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἴαλλε,","translation":"but springing up he laid his hands upon my companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l288.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἴαλλε","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἀναΐξας","lemma":"ἀναίσσω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴαλλε","gloss":"springing up","note":"aorist participle ἀναΐξας marks the sudden, violent action before the main verb"},{"surface":"ἑτάροις","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἴαλλε","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἴαλλε","lemma":"ἰάλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laid, threw"}]},{"number":289,"label":"289","id":"b9-l289","source":"σὺν δὲ δύω μάρψας ὥς τε σκύλακας ποτὶ γαίῃ","translation":"and seizing two together, like puppies, against the ground","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l289.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of μάρψας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"μάρψας","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κόπτ᾽","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like","note":"ὥς τε introduces an epic simile, 'like...'"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(as)"},{"surface":"σκύλακας","lemma":"σκύλαξ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object","gloss":"puppies"},{"surface":"ποτὶ","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"γαίῃ","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ποτὶ","gloss":"ground"}]},{"number":290,"label":"290","id":"b9-l290","source":"κόπτʼ· ἐκ δʼ ἐγκέφαλος χαμάδις ῥέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν.","translation":"he dashed them; their brains ran out upon the floor and soaked the earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l290.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κόπτ","lemma":"κόπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he dashed, smashed","note":"κόπτω here is the brutal act of dashing the men against the ground"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγκέφαλος","lemma":"ἐγκέφαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"brain"},{"surface":"χαμάδις","lemma":"χαμάδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥέε","gloss":"to the ground"},{"surface":"ῥέε","lemma":"ῥέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flowed, ran"},{"surface":"δεῦε","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"soaked, wetted"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δεῦε","gloss":"earth, ground"}]},{"number":291,"label":"291","id":"b9-l291","source":"τοὺς δὲ διὰ μελεϊστὶ ταμὼν ὡπλίσσατο δόρπον·","translation":"Cutting them limb from limb he made ready his meal,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l291.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ταμὼν","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"through, apart"},{"surface":"μελεϊστὶ","lemma":"μελειστί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ταμὼν","gloss":"limb from limb","note":"μελειστί, 'limb by limb,' a grim adverb unique to butchery scenes"},{"surface":"ταμὼν","lemma":"τέμνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"cutting"},{"surface":"ὡπλίσσατο","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"meal, supper"}]},{"number":292,"label":"292","id":"b9-l292","source":"ἤσθιε δʼ ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος, οὐδʼ ἀπέλειπεν,","translation":"and ate like a mountain-bred lion, leaving nothing —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l292.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤσθιε","lemma":"ἐσθίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he ate"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(as)"},{"surface":"λέων","lemma":"λέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"ὀρεσίτροφος","lemma":"ὀρεσιτρόφος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λέων","gloss":"mountain-bred","note":"ὀρεσίτροφος, a compound epithet 'reared in the mountains,' typical Homeric lion-simile language"},{"surface":"ἀπέλειπεν","lemma":"ἀπολείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left behind, spared"}]},{"number":293,"label":"293","id":"b9-l293","source":"ἔγκατά τε σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα μυελόεντα.","translation":"entrails and flesh and marrow-filled bones alike.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l293.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔγκατά","lemma":"ἔγκατα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"entrails"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σάρκας","lemma":"σάρξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"flesh"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀστέα","lemma":"ὀστέον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"bones"},{"surface":"μυελόεντα","lemma":"μυελόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὀστέα","gloss":"marrow-filled","note":"μυελόεις, compound adjective 'full of marrow,' vivid grisly detail"}]},{"number":294,"label":"294","id":"b9-l294","source":"ἡμεῖς δὲ κλαίοντες ἀνεσχέθομεν Διὶ χεῖρας,","translation":"And we, weeping, lifted up our hands to Zeus,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l294.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνεσχέθομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κλαίοντες","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεσχέθομεν","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"ἀνεσχέθομεν","lemma":"ἀνέχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held up, raised","note":"lifting hands to Zeus is the formulaic gesture of prayer/appeal in Homer"},{"surface":"Διὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀνεσχέθομεν","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"χεῖρας","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀνεσχέθομεν","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":295,"label":"295","id":"b9-l295","source":"σχέτλια ἔργʼ ὁρόωντες, ἀμηχανίη δʼ ἔχε θυμόν.","translation":"seeing the brutal deeds; helplessness gripped our hearts.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l295.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλια","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργ᾽","gloss":"brutal, cruel"},{"surface":"ἔργ","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὁρόωντες","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"ὁρόωντες","lemma":"ὁράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀνεσχέθομεν","gloss":"seeing"},{"surface":"ἀμηχανίη","lemma":"ἀμηχανία","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἔχε","gloss":"helplessness","note":"ἀμηχανία, 'having no resource/way out,' captures the men's utter powerlessness"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔχε","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gripped, held"},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔχε","gloss":"heart, spirit"}]},{"number":296,"label":"296","id":"b9-l296","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Κύκλωψ μεγάλην ἐμπλήσατο νηδὺν","translation":"But when the Cyclops had filled his huge belly,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l296.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, then"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐμπλήσατο","gloss":"Cyclops"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηδὺν","gloss":"great, huge"},{"surface":"ἐμπλήσατο","lemma":"ἐμπίπλημι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had filled"},{"surface":"νηδὺν","lemma":"νηδύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμπλήσατο","gloss":"belly"}]},{"number":297,"label":"297","id":"b9-l297","source":"ἀνδρόμεα κρέʼ ἔδων καὶ ἐπʼ ἄκρητον γάλα πίνων,","translation":"eating human flesh and drinking unmixed milk on top of it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l297.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνδρόμεα","lemma":"ἀνδρόμεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέ᾽","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"κρέ","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔδων","gloss":"flesh, meat"},{"surface":"ἔδων","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"eating"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on top, after"},{"surface":"ἄκρητον","lemma":"ἄκρατος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γάλα","gloss":"unmixed, undiluted","note":"ἄκρατος milk drunk straight marks the Cyclops as savage, unlike Greeks who mixed wine with water"},{"surface":"γάλα","lemma":"γάλα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πίνων","gloss":"milk"},{"surface":"πίνων","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"drinking"}]},{"number":298,"label":"298","id":"b9-l298","source":"κεῖτʼ ἔντοσθʼ ἄντροιο τανυσσάμενος διὰ μήλων.","translation":"he lay down inside the cave, stretched out among his flocks.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l298.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he lay down"},{"surface":"ἔντοσθ","lemma":"ἔντοσθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"ἄντροιο","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἔντοσθ᾽","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"τανυσσάμενος","lemma":"τανύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"stretched out"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"flocks"}]},{"number":299,"label":"299","id":"b9-l299","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ βούλευσα κατὰ μεγαλήτορα θυμὸν","translation":"Him I planned, in my great-hearted spirit,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l299.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of οὐτάμεναι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(on one hand)"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βούλευσα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"βούλευσα","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"planned, plotted"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in, according to"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies θυμὸν","gloss":"great-hearted","note":"μεγαλήτωρ, a stock heroic epithet, here ironically applied to Odysseus's own murderous impulse"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"heart, spirit"}]},{"number":300,"label":"300","id":"b9-l300","source":"ἆσσον ἰών, ξίφος ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ,","translation":"to approach, and drawing my sharp sword from my thigh,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l300.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰών","gloss":"nearer, closer"},{"surface":"ἰών","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"ξίφος","lemma":"ξίφος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐρυσσάμενος","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"ὀξὺ","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ξίφος","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἐρυσσάμενος","lemma":"ἐρύω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"drawing"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from beside"},{"surface":"μηροῦ","lemma":"μηρός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"thigh"}]},{"number":301,"label":"301","id":"b9-l301","source":"οὐτάμεναι πρὸς στῆθος, ὅθι φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι,","translation":"to stab him in the chest, where the midriff holds the liver,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l301.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐτάμεναι","lemma":"οὐτάω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of βούλευσα","gloss":"to stab","note":"aorist infinitive of οὐτάω, 'to wound/stab,' completing the purpose begun with βούλευσα in l299"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"στῆθος","lemma":"στῆθος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"chest"},{"surface":"ὅθι","lemma":"ὅθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔχουσι","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"φρένες","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔχουσι","gloss":"midriff, diaphragm"},{"surface":"ἧπαρ","lemma":"ἧπαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχουσι","gloss":"liver"},{"surface":"ἔχουσι","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing στῆθος","gloss":"holds"}]},{"number":302,"label":"302","id":"b9-l302","source":"χείρʼ ἐπιμασσάμενος· ἕτερος δέ με θυμὸς ἔρυκεν.","translation":"feeling for the spot; but another thought held me back.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l302.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἕτερος δέ με θυμὸς ἔρυκεν","title":"Imperfect of restraint","body":"ἔρυκεν is imperfect, 'kept holding me back' — the ongoing inner check while Odysseus calculates. A 'second thought' restrains the first impulse."}],"words":[{"surface":"χείρ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπιμασσάμενος","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"ἐπιμασσάμενος","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"feeling for","note":"ἐπιμαίομαι, 'grope/feel for,' Odysseus locating the fatal spot by touch"},{"surface":"ἕτερος","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔρυκεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"θυμὸς","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔρυκεν","gloss":"thought, impulse"},{"surface":"ἔρυκεν","lemma":"ἐρύκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"held back, restrained"}]},{"number":303,"label":"303","id":"b9-l303","source":"αὐτοῦ γάρ κε καὶ ἄμμες ἀπωλόμεθʼ αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον·","translation":"For there we too would have perished in sheer destruction:","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l303.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτοῦ","lemma":"αὐτοῦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀπωλόμεθ᾽","gloss":"there, on the spot"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (have)","note":"κε + aorist indicative = past unreal conditional, 'we would have perished'"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also, too"},{"surface":"ἄμμες","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπωλόμεθ᾽","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ἀπωλόμεθ","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"perished"},{"surface":"αἰπὺν","lemma":"αἰπύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄλεθρον","gloss":"sheer, utter"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπωλόμεθ᾽","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":304,"label":"304","id":"b9-l304","source":"οὐ γάρ κεν δυνάμεσθα θυράων ὑψηλάων","translation":"for we could never have pushed away from the lofty doorway","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l304.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would (have)"},{"surface":"δυνάμεσθα","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we could"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσασθαι","gloss":"doorway, door"},{"surface":"ὑψηλάων","lemma":"ὑψηλός","morphology":"genitive plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies θυράων","gloss":"lofty, high"}]},{"number":305,"label":"305","id":"b9-l305","source":"χερσὶν ἀπώσασθαι λίθον ὄβριμον, ὃν προσέθηκεν.","translation":"with our hands the massive stone he had set against it.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l305.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀπώσασθαι","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"ἀπώσασθαι","lemma":"ἀπωθέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of δυνάμεσθα","gloss":"to push away"},{"surface":"λίθον","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀπώσασθαι","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"ὄβριμον","lemma":"ὄβριμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies λίθον","gloss":"massive, mighty"},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέθηκεν","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"προσέθηκεν","lemma":"προστίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λίθον","gloss":"had set, placed"}]},{"number":306,"label":"306","id":"b9-l306","source":"ὣς τότε μὲν στενάχοντες ἐμείναμεν Ἠῶ δῖαν.","translation":"So then, groaning, we waited for the bright Dawn.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l306.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(on one hand)"},{"surface":"στενάχοντες","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ἐμείναμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we waited for"},{"surface":"Ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠῶ","gloss":"bright, divine"}]},{"number":307,"label":"307","id":"b9-l307","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l307.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς","title":"Rosy-fingered Dawn","body":"This is Homer's recurring formulaic epithet for Dawn (Eos), used at line-end to open a new day. Such formulas are building blocks of oral hexameter verse."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"ἠριγένεια is a stock epithet of Dawn, paired here with the equally formulaic ῥοδοδάκτυλος"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς, one of Homer's most famous fixed formulas"},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":308,"label":"308","id":"b9-l308","source":"καὶ τότε πῦρ ἀνέκαιε καὶ ἤμελγε κλυτὰ μῆλα,","translation":"then he kindled the fire and milked his splendid flocks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l308.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"πῦρ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀνέκαιε","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἀνέκαιε","lemma":"ἀνακαίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he kindled"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤμελγε","lemma":"ἀμέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he milked"},{"surface":"κλυτὰ","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"splendid, famous"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤμελγε","gloss":"flocks"}]},{"number":309,"label":"309","id":"b9-l309","source":"πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, καὶ ὑπʼ ἔμβρυον ἧκεν ἑκάστῃ.","translation":"all in due order, and put her young beneath each one.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l309.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"due order, custom","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν, 'in due measure/order,' a formula of proper procedure — ironic given the Cyclops's savagery elsewhere"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"ἔμβρυον","lemma":"ἔμβρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"young one, offspring"},{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put, sent"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῃ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"to each"}]},{"number":310,"label":"310","id":"b9-l310","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ σπεῦσε πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα,","translation":"But when he had busily finished his tasks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l310.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, then"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σπεῦσε","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"hastened, hurried"},{"surface":"πονησάμενος","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σπεῦσε","gloss":"having worked at, finished"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός/ἃ is the Homeric possessive 'his own,' emphasizing the Cyclops's own chores"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πονησάμενος","gloss":"tasks, works"}]},{"number":311,"label":"311","id":"b9-l311","source":"σὺν δʼ ὅ γε δὴ αὖτε δύω μάρψας ὡπλίσσατο δεῖπνον.","translation":"again he seized two together and made ready his meal.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l311.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"again","note":"αὖτε, 'again,' underscores the horrifying repetition of the first day's slaughter"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of μάρψας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"μάρψας","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"ὡπλίσσατο","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made ready"},{"surface":"δεῖπνον","lemma":"δεῖπνον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"meal, dinner"}]},{"number":312,"label":"312","id":"b9-l312","source":"δειπνήσας δʼ ἄντρου ἐξήλασε πίονα μῆλα,","translation":"Having eaten, he drove his fat flocks out of the cave,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l312.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δειπνήσας","lemma":"δειπνέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξήλασε","gloss":"having eaten"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄντρου","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξήλασε","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἐξήλασε","lemma":"ἐξελαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove out"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"fat, rich"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐξήλασε","gloss":"flocks"}]},{"number":313,"label":"313","id":"b9-l313","source":"ῥηιδίως ἀφελὼν θυρεὸν μέγαν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"easily lifting away the great door-stone; and then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l313.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ῥηιδίως","lemma":"ῥᾴδιος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀφελὼν","gloss":"easily","note":"ῥηιδίως stresses the Cyclops's monstrous strength — moving the huge door-stone with ease"},{"surface":"ἀφελὼν","lemma":"ἀφαιρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξήλασε","gloss":"lifting away"},{"surface":"θυρεὸν","lemma":"θυρεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀφελὼν","gloss":"door-stone"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυρεὸν","gloss":"great, big"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but, then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέθηχ᾽","gloss":"then, afterward"}]},{"number":314,"label":"314","id":"b9-l314","source":"ἂψ ἐπέθηχʼ, ὡς εἴ τε φαρέτρῃ πῶμʼ ἐπιθείη.","translation":"he set it back, as one might fit a lid upon a quiver.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l314.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"φαρέτρῃ πῶμʼ ἐπιθείη","title":"Lid on a quiver","body":"The simile of capping a quiver underscores how effortlessly the monster handles a stone twenty-two wagons could not move."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἂψ","lemma":"ἄψ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέθηχ᾽","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"ἐπέθηχ","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he set, put"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(as)"},{"surface":"φαρέτρῃ","lemma":"φαρέτρα","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιθείη","gloss":"quiver"},{"surface":"πῶμ","lemma":"πῶμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιθείη","gloss":"lid, cover"},{"surface":"ἐπιθείη","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"might fit, place","note":"the quiver-lid simile shows the door-stone's ease of handling was uniquely the Cyclops's, not any man's"}]},{"number":315,"label":"315","id":"b9-l315","source":"πολλῇ δὲ ῥοίζῳ πρὸς ὄρος τρέπε πίονα μῆλα","translation":"With a loud whistle the Cyclops turned his fat flocks toward the mountain;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l315.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλῇ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ῥοίζῳ","gloss":"loud"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥοίζῳ","lemma":"ῥοῖζος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to τρέπε","gloss":"whistle","note":"instrumental dative: 'with a whistle' — no preposition needed in Greek"},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ὄρος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"τρέπε","lemma":"τρέπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"turned/drove","note":"unaugmented imperfect τρέπε (for ἔτρεπε), typical epic dropping of augment"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of τρέπε","gloss":"flocks"}]},{"number":316,"label":"316","id":"b9-l316","source":"Κύκλωψ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ λιπόμην κακὰ βυσσοδομεύων,","translation":"but I was left there, brooding on evil,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l316.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κακὰ βυσσοδομεύων","title":"'Building mischief in the depths'","body":"βυσσοδομεύω literally means 'to build deep down,' a vivid metaphor for plotting in secret — Odysseus laying the scheme of vengeance."}],"words":[{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρέπε","gloss":"Cyclops"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of λιπόμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"λιπόμην","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was left","note":"middle voice λιπόμην: 'I was left behind', contrasting with active λεῖπε elsewhere"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ,","gloss":"evils"},{"surface":"βυσσοδομεύων","lemma":"βυσσοδομεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to λιπόμην","gloss":"brooding on","note":"vivid compound verb 'building deep in the mind' — evokes plotting revenge"}]},{"number":317,"label":"317","id":"b9-l317","source":"εἴ πως τισαίμην, δοίη δέ μοι εὖχος Ἀθήνη.","translation":"to find some way to take revenge, if Athena would grant me the triumph.","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l317.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"adverbial to τισαίμην","gloss":"somehow"},{"surface":"τισαίμην","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"take revenge","note":"optative in a wish/hope clause: 'if only I might avenge myself'"},{"surface":"δοίη","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of δέ","gloss":"might grant","note":"optative of wish, pairs with εἴ...τισαίμην to express a hoped-for outcome"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"εὖχος","lemma":"εὖχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δοίη","gloss":"glory/triumph"},{"surface":"Ἀθήνη","lemma":"Ἀθήνη","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of δοίη","gloss":"Athena"}]},{"number":318,"label":"318","id":"b9-l318","source":"ἥδε δέ μοι κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή.","translation":"And this in my mind seemed the best plan:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l318.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φαίνετο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φαίνετο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"mind/heart","note":"κατὰ θυμόν, common epic formula: 'in his heart/mind'"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλή","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed/appeared"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":319,"label":"319","id":"b9-l319","source":"Κύκλωπος γὰρ ἔκειτο μέγα ῥόπαλον παρὰ σηκῷ,","translation":"There lay beside the pen a great club of the Cyclops,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l319.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κύκλωπος","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥόπαλον","gloss":"Cyclops'","note":"genitive of possession: 'the club belonging to the Cyclops'"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔκειτο","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ῥόπαλον","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ῥόπαλον","lemma":"ῥόπαλον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔκειτο","gloss":"club"},{"surface":"παρὰ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"σηκῷ","lemma":"σηκός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of παρὰ","gloss":"sheepfold"}]},{"number":320,"label":"320","id":"b9-l320","source":"χλωρὸν ἐλαΐνεον· τὸ μὲν ἔκταμεν, ὄφρα φοροίη","translation":"green olive wood; he had cut it so as to carry it","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l320.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χλωρὸν","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"ἐλαΐνεον","lemma":"ἐλαίνεος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"olive-wood"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἔκταμεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔκταμεν","lemma":"ἐκτέμνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"had cut"},{"surface":"ὄφρα","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"φοροίη","lemma":"φορέω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρα","gloss":"might carry it","note":"optative in a purpose clause after ὄφρα: 'so that he might carry it'"}]},{"number":321,"label":"321","id":"b9-l321","source":"αὐανθέν. τὸ μὲν ἄμμες ἐίσκομεν εἰσορόωντες","translation":"once dried. Looking at it, we likened it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l321.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐανθέν","lemma":"αὐαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, accusative singular neuter","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"once dried","note":"aorist passive participle: the wood, having been dried — describes the club's state"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ἐίσκομεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄμμες","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐίσκομεν","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"ἐίσκομεν","lemma":"ἐίσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"likened","note":"Aeolic/epic ἄμμες for 'we' instead of Attic ἡμεῖς"},{"surface":"εἰσορόωντες","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐίσκομεν","gloss":"looking at"}]},{"number":322,"label":"322","id":"b9-l322","source":"ὅσσον θʼ ἱστὸν νηὸς ἐεικοσόροιο μελαίνης,","translation":"to the mast of a black ship of twenty oars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l322.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"as great as"},{"surface":"θ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[epic particle]"},{"surface":"ἱστὸν","lemma":"ἱστός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"mast"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"ship's"},{"surface":"ἐεικοσόροιο","lemma":"εἰκόσορος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"twenty-oared","note":"compound numeral adjective εἰκόσορος, 'having twenty oars' — vivid nautical epithet"},{"surface":"μελαίνης","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"black"}]},{"number":323,"label":"323","id":"b9-l323","source":"φορτίδος εὐρείης, ἥ τʼ ἐκπεράᾳ μέγα λαῖτμα·","translation":"a broad freighter that crosses the great gulf of the sea —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l323.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φορτίδος","lemma":"φορτίς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"freighter","note":"φορτίς, a broad cargo/merchant ship, distinct from a swift warship"},{"surface":"εὐρείης","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies φορτίδος","gloss":"broad"},{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκπεράᾳ","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[epic particle]"},{"surface":"ἐκπεράᾳ","lemma":"ἐκπεράω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing φορτίδος","gloss":"crosses"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies λαῖτμα","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"λαῖτμα","lemma":"λαῖτμα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκπεράᾳ","gloss":"gulf/deep"}]},{"number":324,"label":"324","id":"b9-l324","source":"τόσσον ἔην μῆκος, τόσσον πάχος εἰσοράασθαι.","translation":"so great was it in length, so great in thickness to behold.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l324.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"so great","note":"τόσσον...τόσσον repeated for emphasis: 'so great in length, so great in thickness'"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"μῆκος","lemma":"μῆκος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τόσσον","gloss":"length"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"so great"},{"surface":"πάχος","lemma":"πάχος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies τόσσον","gloss":"thickness"},{"surface":"εἰσοράασθαι","lemma":"εἰσοράω","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"adverbial to ἔην","gloss":"to behold"}]},{"number":325,"label":"325","id":"b9-l325","source":"τοῦ μὲν ὅσον τʼ ὄργυιαν ἐγὼν ἀπέκοψα παραστὰς","translation":"Of it I stood beside it and cut off about a fathom's length,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l325.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"παραστὰς","title":"Aorist participle 'standing by'","body":"παραστάς (aorist participle of παρίστημι) sets the scene before the main verb ἀπέκοψα ('I cut off'): Odysseus first takes his stand by the club, then cuts."}],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies τ᾽","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὅσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"as much as"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"[epic particle]"},{"surface":"ὄργυιαν","lemma":"ὄργυια","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τ᾽","gloss":"a fathom's length","note":"ὄργυια, the span of outstretched arms — a rough natural unit of measure"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἀπέκοψα","lemma":"ἀποκόπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cut off"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπέκοψα","gloss":"standing beside","note":"aorist participle παραστάς, 'having stood beside' — describes Odysseus's stance while cutting"}]},{"number":326,"label":"326","id":"b9-l326","source":"καὶ παρέθηχʼ ἑτάροισιν, ἀποξῦναι δʼ ἐκέλευσα·","translation":"and handed it to my companions, and bade them shave it smooth;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l326.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"παρέθηχ","lemma":"παρατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"handed over","note":"elided form παρέθηκ(ε) before a following vowel, typical epic elision"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of παρέθηχ᾽","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἀποξῦναι","lemma":"ἀποξύνω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"to smooth/shave","note":"infinitive of purpose after ἐκέλευσα: 'bade them shave it'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσα","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered/bade"}]},{"number":327,"label":"327","id":"b9-l327","source":"οἱ δʼ ὁμαλὸν ποίησαν· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐθόωσα παραστὰς","translation":"they made it even, and I stood by and sharpened","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l327.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ποίησαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὁμαλὸν","lemma":"ὁμαλός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"complement of ποίησαν","gloss":"smooth/even"},{"surface":"ποίησαν","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"made"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δὲ","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐθόωσα","lemma":"θοόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sharpened","note":"denominative verb θοόω 'to make sharp/pointed', from adjective θοός"},{"surface":"παραστὰς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐθόωσα","gloss":"standing beside"}]},{"number":328,"label":"328","id":"b9-l328","source":"ἄκρον, ἄφαρ δὲ λαβὼν ἐπυράκτεον ἐν πυρὶ κηλέῳ.","translation":"the tip, then took it at once and hardened it in the blazing fire.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l328.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄκρον","lemma":"ἄκρον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of δὲ","gloss":"tip/point"},{"surface":"ἄφαρ","lemma":"ἄφαρ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπυράκτεον","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπυράκτεον","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ἐπυράκτεον","lemma":"πυρακτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hardened in fire","note":"πυρακτέω, 'to harden by fire' — a technical craft term, describing fire-hardening the stake's tip"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"κηλέῳ","lemma":"κήλεος","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies πυρὶ","gloss":"blazing"}]},{"number":329,"label":"329","id":"b9-l329","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκα κατακρύψας ὑπὸ κόπρῳ,","translation":"And I stowed it well away, hiding it under the dung","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l329.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of κατέθηκα","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"εὖ","lemma":"εὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκα","gloss":"well"},{"surface":"κατέθηκα","lemma":"κατατίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stowed away"},{"surface":"κατακρύψας","lemma":"κατακρύπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατέθηκα","gloss":"hiding"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"κόπρῳ","lemma":"κόπρος","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"dung"}]},{"number":330,"label":"330","id":"b9-l330","source":"ἥ ῥα κατὰ σπείους κέχυτο μεγάλʼ ἤλιθα πολλή·","translation":"that lay scattered in great heaps throughout the cave;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l330.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of κέχυτο","gloss":"which","note":"relative pronoun ἥ referring back to κόπρῳ, 'dung', in the prior line"},{"surface":"ῥα","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"[epic particle]"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"σπείους","lemma":"σπεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of κατὰ","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"κέχυτο","lemma":"χέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κόπρῳ","gloss":"lay heaped","note":"pluperfect κέχυτο 'had been poured/heaped' from χέω, describing the dung piled deep in the cave"},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ἤλιθα","lemma":"ἤλιθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κέχυτο","gloss":"exceedingly","note":"rare adverb ἤλιθα, 'in great quantity/heaps', reinforcing μεγάλα"},{"surface":"πολλή","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"much"}]},{"number":331,"label":"331","id":"b9-l331","source":"αὐτὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους κλήρῳ πεπαλάσθαι ἄνωγον,","translation":"Then I ordered the rest to draw lots,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l331.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"κλήρῳ πεπαλάσθαι","title":"Casting lots","body":"The phrase means to shake lots in a helmet to decide by chance. Odysseus lets fate choose who will share the deadly task."}],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine article","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"subject of πεπαλάσθαι","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"κλήρῳ","lemma":"κλῆρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πεπαλάσθαι","gloss":"by lot"},{"surface":"πεπαλάσθαι","lemma":"παλάσσω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of ἄνωγον","gloss":"to draw lots","note":"perfect middle infinitive πεπαλάσθαι, 'to have shaken/drawn lots' — used of casting lots in a helmet"},{"surface":"ἄνωγον","lemma":"ἄνωγα","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":332,"label":"332","id":"b9-l332","source":"ὅς τις τολμήσειεν ἐμοὶ σὺν μοχλὸν ἀείρας","translation":"to see who would dare, along with me, to lift the stake","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l332.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of τολμήσειεν","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὅς","gloss":"[indefinite]","note":"ὅς τις, 'whoever' — indefinite relative used to introduce the lottery selection"},{"surface":"τολμήσειεν","lemma":"τολμάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of πεπαλάσθαι","gloss":"would dare"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"with me"},{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"μοχλὸν","lemma":"μοχλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τρῖψαι","gloss":"stake"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to τρῖψαι","gloss":"lifting"}]},{"number":333,"label":"333","id":"b9-l333","source":"τρῖψαι ἐν ὀφθαλμῷ, ὅτε τὸν γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἱκάνοι.","translation":"and grind it into his eye, once sweet sleep had come over him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l333.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἱκάνοι","title":"Optative in a temporal clause","body":"The optative marks an indefinite future moment within Odysseus's reported plan: 'whenever sleep should come.' It depends on the past-tense framing of the narrative."}],"words":[{"surface":"τρῖψαι","lemma":"τρίβω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τολμήσειεν","gloss":"to grind","note":"aorist infinitive τρῖψαι continues the purpose clause begun by τολμήσειεν"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῷ","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"γλυκὺς","lemma":"γλυκύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱκάνοι","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"ἱκάνοι","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"might come over","note":"optative in a temporal clause of anticipated future time: 'whenever sleep should come'"}]},{"number":334,"label":"334","id":"b9-l334","source":"οἱ δʼ ἔλαχον τοὺς ἄν κε καὶ ἤθελον αὐτὸς ἑλέσθαι,","translation":"And those drew the lot whom I myself would have wished to choose,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l334.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔλαχον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔλαχον","lemma":"λαγχάνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew the lot","note":"λαγχάνω 'to obtain by lot' — the men chosen by the drawing of lots"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἑλέσθαι","gloss":"those whom"},{"surface":"ἄν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential particle]"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"[potential particle]","note":"ἄν...κε doubled, epic pleonasm reinforcing potential/wish mood"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even/also"},{"surface":"ἤθελον","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing οἱ","gloss":"wished"},{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"ἑλέσθαι","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἤθελον","gloss":"to choose"}]},{"number":335,"label":"335","id":"b9-l335","source":"τέσσαρες, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ πέμπτος μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέγμην.","translation":"four of them, and I was reckoned the fifth among them.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l335.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τέσσαρες","lemma":"τέσσαρες","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"four"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλέγμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πέμπτος","lemma":"πέμπτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fifth"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"τοῖσιν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ἐλέγμην","lemma":"λέγω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was counted/reckoned","note":"passive aorist ἐλέγμην from λέγω 'to count' (not 'to speak') — 'I was counted among them'"}]},{"number":336,"label":"336","id":"b9-l336","source":"ἑσπέριος δʼ ἦλθεν καλλίτριχα μῆλα νομεύων.","translation":"At evening he came, herding his fine-fleeced flock.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l336.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσπέριος","lemma":"ἑσπέριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"at evening"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἦλθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχα","lemma":"καλλίτριχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"fine-fleeced","note":"epic compound epithet 'beautiful-haired', standard formula for flocks"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νομεύων","gloss":"flock"},{"surface":"νομεύων","lemma":"νομεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἦλθεν","gloss":"herding"}]},{"number":337,"label":"337","id":"b9-l337","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ εἰς εὐρὺ σπέος ἤλασε πίονα μῆλα","translation":"At once he drove the fat flock into the wide cave,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l337.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"εὐρὺ","lemma":"εὐρύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπέος","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἤλασε","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἤλασε","gloss":"flock"}]},{"number":338,"label":"338","id":"b9-l338","source":"πάντα μάλʼ, οὐδέ τι λεῖπε βαθείης ἔκτοθεν αὐλῆς,","translation":"all of them, and left nothing outside in the deep yard,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l338.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"μάλ","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very/at all","note":"emphatic particle μάλ(α), intensifying πάντα: 'absolutely all'"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of λεῖπε","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"λεῖπε","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"βαθείης","lemma":"βαθύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies αὐλῆς","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"ἔκτοθεν","lemma":"ἔκτοθεν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔκτοθεν","gloss":"yard/courtyard"}]},{"number":339,"label":"339","id":"b9-l339","source":"ἤ τι ὀισάμενος, ἢ καὶ θεὸς ὣς ἐκέλευσεν.","translation":"whether suspecting something, or because a god so ordered it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l339.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἤ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ὀισάμενος","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"ὀισάμενος","lemma":"οἴομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἢ","gloss":"suspecting","note":"middle participle ὀισάμενος, 'having a foreboding' — suggests the Cyclops's instinctive wariness"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"θεὸς","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"a god"},{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσεν","gloss":"thus/so"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσεν","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"ordered/moved him"}]},{"number":340,"label":"340","id":"b9-l340","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἐπέθηκε θυρεὸν μέγαν ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας,","translation":"Then he lifted the great doorstone high and set it in place,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l340.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"thereupon"},{"surface":"ἐπέθηκε","lemma":"ἐπιτίθημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"set in place","note":"ἐπέθηκε 'placed on/upon' — describes fitting the doorstone over the cave entrance"},{"surface":"θυρεὸν","lemma":"θυρεός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"doorstone","note":"θυρεός, a massive stone slab used to block the cave's entrance — key prop of the escape scene"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυρεὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ὑψόσ","lemma":"ὑψόσε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀείρας","gloss":"on high"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπέθηκε","gloss":"lifting"}]},{"number":341,"label":"341","id":"b9-l341","source":"ἑζόμενος δʼ ἤμελγεν ὄις καὶ μηκάδας αἶγας,","translation":"and sitting down he milked the ewes and bleating goats,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l341.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑζόμενος","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤμελγεν","gloss":"sitting down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἤμελγεν","lemma":"ἀμέλγω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"milked"},{"surface":"ὄις","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"ewes"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μηκάδας","lemma":"μηκάς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies αἶγας","gloss":"bleating"},{"surface":"αἶγας","lemma":"αἴξ","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"goats"}]},{"number":342,"label":"342","id":"b9-l342","source":"πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, καὶ ὑπʼ ἔμβρυον ἧκεν ἑκάστῃ.","translation":"each one in turn, and put her young beneath each.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l342.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial","gloss":"due order","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν, 'according to portion/order' — idiom for doing something properly, in due measure"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"ἔμβρυον","lemma":"ἔμβρυον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἧκεν","gloss":"young/offspring"},{"surface":"ἧκεν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put/sent"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῃ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"to each"}]},{"number":343,"label":"343","id":"b9-l343","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ σπεῦσε πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα,","translation":"But when he had hurried through and finished his tasks,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l343.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σπεῦσε","lemma":"σπεύδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had hurried"},{"surface":"πονησάμενος","lemma":"πονέω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to σπεῦσε","gloss":"finishing (his labor)","note":"middle voice: he toiled for his own benefit, not another's"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ἃ","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"his own","note":"ἑός = epic possessive 'his own,' stronger than plain αὐτοῦ"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of πονησάμενος","gloss":"tasks"}]},{"number":344,"label":"344","id":"b9-l344","source":"σὺν δʼ ὅ γε δὴ αὖτε δύω μάρψας ὡπλίσσατο δόρπον.","translation":"again he snatched up two men together and made them his supper.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l344.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"again","note":"αὖτε marks a recurring, dreaded action - this is not the first meal of men"},{"surface":"δύω","lemma":"δύο","morphology":"numeral","role":"object of μάρψας","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"μάρψας","lemma":"μάρπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"seizing"},{"surface":"ὡπλίσσατο","lemma":"ὁπλίζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"got ready","note":"ὁπλίζω 'arm/equip' grimly reused for 'prepare (a meal)'"},{"surface":"δόρπον","lemma":"δόρπον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ὡπλίσσατο","gloss":"supper"}]},{"number":345,"label":"345","id":"b9-l345","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼ Κύκλωπα προσηύδων ἄγχι παραστάς,","translation":"And then I came up close and spoke to the Cyclops,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l345.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδων","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσηύδων","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Κύκλωπα","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδων","gloss":"the Cyclops"},{"surface":"προσηύδων","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was addressing"},{"surface":"ἄγχι","lemma":"ἄγχι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to παραστάς","gloss":"close by"},{"surface":"παραστάς","lemma":"παρίστημι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"stepping near","note":"aorist participle of parallel action: 'having stepped near' just before speaking"}]},{"number":346,"label":"346","id":"b9-l346","source":"κισσύβιον μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων μέλανος οἴνοιο·","translation":"holding in my hands an ivy-wood bowl of dark wine:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l346.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κισσύβιον","lemma":"κισσύβιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχων","gloss":"ivy-wood bowl"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of μετὰ","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"ἔχων","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"holding"},{"surface":"μέλανος","lemma":"μέλας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴνοιο","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"οἴνοιο","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κισσύβιον","gloss":"of wine","note":"μέλανος οἴνοιο 'dark wine' - a fixed Homeric formula for wine's color"}]},{"number":347,"label":"347","id":"b9-l347","source":"Κύκλωψ, τῆ, πίε οἶνον, ἐπεὶ φάγες ἀνδρόμεα\n                        κρέα,","translation":"\"Here, Cyclops, drink wine, now that you have eaten human flesh,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l347.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Cyclops","note":"vocative direct address opening Odysseus's speech"},{"surface":"τῆ","lemma":"τῆ","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"here, take this","note":"τῆ is a frozen interjection/imperative 'here!' offering something"},{"surface":"πίε","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πίε","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"φάγες","lemma":"φαγεῖν","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you ate"},{"surface":"ἀνδρόμεα","lemma":"ἀνδρόμεος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"human"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of φάγες","gloss":"flesh"}]},{"number":348,"label":"348","id":"b9-l348","source":"ὄφρʼ εἰδῇς οἷόν τι ποτὸν τόδε νηῦς ἐκεκεύθει","translation":"so you may know what sort of drink our ship kept hidden","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l348.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"εἰδῇς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"you may know"},{"surface":"οἷόν","lemma":"οἷος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ποτὸν","gloss":"what sort of"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ποτὸν","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ποτὸν","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐκεκεύθει","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"τόδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"modifies ποτὸν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"νηῦς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκεκεύθει","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐκεκεύθει","lemma":"κεύθω","morphology":"pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἰδῇς","gloss":"had kept hidden","note":"pluperfect κεύθω 'had concealed' - the wine was a secret treasure aboard"}]},{"number":349,"label":"349","id":"b9-l349","source":"ἡμετέρη. σοὶ δʼ αὖ λοιβὴν φέρον, εἴ μʼ ἐλεήσας","translation":"within it. I was bringing you this libation, in hope you might pity me","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l349.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"λοιβήν","title":"Libation","body":"A libation is wine poured out as an offering. Odysseus frames his gift in the language of ritual hospitality, sharpening the irony of his guest-host relationship with the monster."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμετέρη","lemma":"ἡμέτερος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηῦς","gloss":"ours"},{"surface":"σοὶ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖ","lemma":"αὖ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"λοιβὴν","lemma":"λοιβή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"libation"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I was bringing"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πέμψειας","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐλεήσας","lemma":"ἐλεέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέμψειας","gloss":"pitying","note":"aorist participle sets up the hoped-for result: 'if pitying me you would send...'"}]},{"number":350,"label":"350","id":"b9-l350","source":"οἴκαδε πέμψειας· σὺ δὲ μαίνεαι οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτῶς.","translation":"and send me home. But you rage on past all bearing.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l350.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἴκαδε","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέμψειας","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"πέμψειας","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"you might send","note":"optative of wish/potential: Odysseus's hopeful, unlikely request"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of μαίνεαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μαίνεαι","lemma":"μαίνομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you rage"},{"surface":"οὐκέτ","lemma":"οὐκέτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"no longer"},{"surface":"ἀνεκτῶς","lemma":"ἀνεκτός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μαίνεαι","gloss":"bearably"}]},{"number":351,"label":"351","id":"b9-l351","source":"σχέτλιε, πῶς κέν τίς σε καὶ ὕστερον ἄλλος ἵκοιτο","translation":"Hard wretch, how will any other man ever come to you again,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l351.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιε","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"cruel one","note":"vocative insult opening the rebuke: 'you hard, wretched man'"},{"surface":"πῶς","lemma":"πῶς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵκοιτο","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἵκοιτο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ὕστερον","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἵκοιτο","gloss":"later"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"ἵκοιτο","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would come","note":"optative with κέν = potential 'would ever come' - rhetorical question about future visitors"}]},{"number":352,"label":"352","id":"b9-l352","source":"ἀνθρώπων πολέων, ἐπεὶ οὐ κατὰ μοῖραν ἔρεξας;","translation":"out of all the many people, since you have acted without decency?\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l352.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of men"},{"surface":"πολέων","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"according to"},{"surface":"μοῖραν","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"what is fitting","note":"κατὰ μοῖραν 'according to due measure' - a formula for proper, decent conduct"},{"surface":"ἔρεξας","lemma":"ἐρέσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you have acted"}]},{"number":353,"label":"353","id":"b9-l353","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δʼ ἔδεκτο καὶ ἔκπιεν· ἥσατο δʼ\n                     αἰνῶς","translation":"So I spoke, and he took it and drank it down. He was terribly pleased,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l353.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔδεκτο","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took it"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκπιεν","lemma":"ἐκπίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drank it down"},{"surface":"ἥσατο","lemma":"ἥδομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was pleased"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥσατο","gloss":"terribly","note":"αἰνῶς 'terribly' intensifies pleasure - ironic foreshadowing of his doom"}]},{"number":354,"label":"354","id":"b9-l354","source":"ἡδὺ ποτὸν πίνων καὶ μʼ ᾔτεε δεύτερον αὖτις·","translation":"drinking the sweet draught, and asked me for a second:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l354.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡδὺ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ποτὸν","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"ποτὸν","lemma":"ποτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of πίνων","gloss":"drink"},{"surface":"πίνων","lemma":"πίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥσατο","gloss":"drinking"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ᾔτεε","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ᾔτεε","lemma":"αἰτέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was asking"},{"surface":"δεύτερον","lemma":"δεύτερος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ᾔτεε","gloss":"a second time"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ᾔτεε","gloss":"again"}]},{"number":355,"label":"355","id":"b9-l355","source":"δός μοι ἔτι πρόφρων, καί μοι τεὸν οὔνομα\n                        εἰπὲ","translation":"\"Give me more, and freely, and tell me your name","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l355.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δός","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δός","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔτι","lemma":"ἔτι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δός","gloss":"still more"},{"surface":"πρόφρων","lemma":"πρόφρων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"kindly","note":"πρόφρων 'with willing heart' - the Cyclops's crude imitation of guest-friendship courtesy"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"τεὸν","lemma":"τεός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies οὔνομα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"οὔνομα","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰπὲ","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"εἰπὲ","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tell"}]},{"number":356,"label":"356","id":"b9-l356","source":"αὐτίκα νῦν, ἵνα τοι δῶ ξείνιον, ᾧ κε σὺ χαίρῃς·","translation":"right now, so I may give you a guest-gift to delight you;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l356.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτίκα","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὲ","gloss":"right away"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὲ","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of δῶ","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"δῶ","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἵνα","gloss":"I may give"},{"surface":"ξείνιον","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of δῶ","gloss":"guest-gift","note":"ξείνιον evokes xenia, guest-friendship - grimly ironic from a man-eater"},{"surface":"ᾧ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"dative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of χαίρῃς","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"κε","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of χαίρῃς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"χαίρῃς","lemma":"χαίρω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ξείνιον","gloss":"may delight in"}]},{"number":357,"label":"357","id":"b9-l357","source":"καὶ γὰρ Κυκλώπεσσι φέρει ζείδωρος ἄρουρα","translation":"for the grain-giving earth bears for the Cyclopes too","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l357.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Κυκλώπεσσι","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"for Cyclopes"},{"surface":"φέρει","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bears"},{"surface":"ζείδωρος","lemma":"ζείδωρος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄρουρα","gloss":"grain-giving","note":"ζείδωρος 'grain-giving' - standard Homeric epithet for fertile earth"},{"surface":"ἄρουρα","lemma":"ἄρουρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φέρει","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":358,"label":"358","id":"b9-l358","source":"οἶνον ἐριστάφυλον, καί σφιν Διὸς ὄμβρος ἀέξει·","translation":"wine of great clusters, and the rain of Zeus swells it;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l358.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρει","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἐριστάφυλον","lemma":"ἐριστάφυλος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"of great clusters"},{"surface":"καί","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σφιν","lemma":"σφεῖς","morphology":"dative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀέξει","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὄμβρος","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"ὄμβρος","lemma":"ὄμβρος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἀέξει","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"ἀέξει","lemma":"ἀέξω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"swells"}]},{"number":359,"label":"359","id":"b9-l359","source":"ἀλλὰ τόδʼ ἀμβροσίης καὶ νέκταρός ἐστιν ἀπορρώξ.","translation":"but this is a stream of pure ambrosia and nectar.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l359.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"τόδ","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστιν","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίης","lemma":"ἀμβροσίη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of ambrosia"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νέκταρός","lemma":"νέκταρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"of nectar"},{"surface":"ἐστιν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"ἀπορρώξ","lemma":"ἀπορρώξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a stream","note":"ἀπορρώξ 'a broken-off portion, offshoot' - wine as a fragment of the gods' own drink"}]},{"number":360,"label":"360","id":"b9-l360","source":"ὣς φάτʼ, ἀτάρ οἱ αὖτις ἐγὼ πόρον αἴθοπα\n                     οἶνον.","translation":"So he spoke, and again I handed him the gleaming wine.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l360.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάτ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"φάτ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"ἀτάρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρον","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to πόρον","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of πόρον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πόρον","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"handed"},{"surface":"αἴθοπα","lemma":"αἶθοψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶνον","gloss":"gleaming","note":"αἴθοπα 'fire-bright' - stock epithet for wine's flashing color"},{"surface":"οἶνον","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πόρον","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":361,"label":"361","id":"b9-l361","source":"τρὶς μὲν ἔδωκα φέρων, τρὶς δʼ ἔκπιεν ἀφραδίῃσιν.","translation":"Three times I brought and gave it, three times he drank it in his folly.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l361.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκα","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔδωκα","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I gave"},{"surface":"φέρων","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔδωκα","gloss":"bringing"},{"surface":"τρὶς","lemma":"τρίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔκπιεν","gloss":"three times"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκπιεν","lemma":"ἐκπίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he drank it down"},{"surface":"ἀφραδίῃσιν","lemma":"ἀφραδία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔκπιεν","gloss":"in his folly","note":"ἀφραδίῃσιν 'through witlessness' - the Cyclops's own recklessness dooms him"}]},{"number":362,"label":"362","id":"b9-l362","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθεν οἶνος,","translation":"But when the wine had stolen around the Cyclops's wits,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l362.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"Κύκλωπα","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"the Cyclops"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"his wits"},{"surface":"ἤλυθεν","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"had come","note":"περὶ φρένας ἤλυθεν 'came around his wits' - vivid image of wine encircling the mind"},{"surface":"οἶνος","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἤλυθεν","gloss":"the wine"}]},{"number":363,"label":"363","id":"b9-l363","source":"καὶ τότε δή μιν ἔπεσσι προσηύδων μειλιχίοισι·","translation":"then I addressed him with honeyed words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l363.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδων","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσηύδων","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to προσηύδων","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"προσηύδων","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I addressed"},{"surface":"μειλιχίοισι","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεσσι","gloss":"honeyed","note":"μειλιχίοισι 'soothing, honeyed' - deliberately deceptive gentleness before the trick name"}]},{"number":364,"label":"364","id":"b9-l364","source":"Κύκλωψ, εἰρωτᾷς μʼ ὄνομα κλυτόν, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ\n                        τοι","translation":"\"Cyclops, you ask my famous name, and I","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l364.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Cyclops"},{"surface":"εἰρωτᾷς","lemma":"ἐρωτάω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you ask"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of εἰρωτᾷς","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ὄνομα","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰρωτᾷς","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"κλυτόν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄνομα","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξερέω","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἐξερέω","gloss":"to you"}]},{"number":365,"label":"365","id":"b9-l365","source":"ἐξερέω· σὺ δέ μοι δὸς ξείνιον, ὥς περ ὑπέστης.","translation":"will tell it. But give me the guest-gift you promised.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l365.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξερέω","lemma":"ἐξερέω","morphology":"future active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will tell","note":"future ἐξερέω, straddling the line break, builds suspense before the famous 'Οὖτις' trick"},{"surface":"σὺ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of δὸς","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"give"},{"surface":"ξείνιον","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"object of δὸς","gloss":"guest-gift"},{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑπέστης","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὑπέστης","lemma":"ὑφίστημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δὸς","gloss":"you promised"}]},{"number":366,"label":"366","id":"b9-l366","source":"Οὖτις ἐμοί γʼ ὄνομα· Οὖτιν δέ με κικλήσκουσι","translation":"Noman is my name. Noman they call me,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l366.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Οὖτις","title":"Noman — the pun","body":"Outis means 'no one.' Odysseus's false name sets up the trick: when the Cyclops cries that 'Noman' is killing him, his neighbors hear 'no one.' It also puns on mêtis, 'cunning.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"Οὖτις","lemma":"Οὖτις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"Noman","note":"Οὖτις 'No-man' - Odysseus's famous pun, later heard as οὔτις 'no one' when he cries for help"},{"surface":"ἐμοί","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὄνομα","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"Οὖτιν","lemma":"Οὖτις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"complement of κικλήσκουσι","gloss":"Noman"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κικλήσκουσι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κικλήσκουσι","lemma":"κικλήσκω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they call"}]},{"number":367,"label":"367","id":"b9-l367","source":"μήτηρ ἠδὲ πατὴρ ἠδʼ ἄλλοι πάντες ἑταῖροι.","translation":"my mother and father and all my companions besides.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l367.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήτηρ","lemma":"μήτηρ","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"ἠδὲ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"πάντες","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":368,"label":"368","id":"b9-l368","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δέ μʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀμείβετο νηλέι\n                     θυμῷ·","translation":"So I spoke, and at once he answered me with pitiless heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l368.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀμείβετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀμείβετο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"αὐτίκ","lemma":"αὐτίκα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβετο","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ἀμείβετο","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"νηλέι","lemma":"νηλής","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀμείβετο","gloss":"heart","note":"νηλέι θυμῷ 'with pitiless heart' - formula marking the Cyclops's cruelty before his reply"}]},{"number":369,"label":"369","id":"b9-l369","source":"Οὖτιν ἐγὼ πύματον ἔδομαι μετὰ οἷς ἑτάροισιν,","translation":"\"Noman I will eat last, after his companions,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l369.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Οὖτιν","lemma":"Οὖτις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδομαι","gloss":"Noman"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πύματον","lemma":"πύματος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last","note":"grim 'reward' promised for the trick name: Noman eaten last, a hollow favor"},{"surface":"ἔδομαι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will eat"},{"surface":"μετὰ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"οἷς","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισιν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετὰ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":370,"label":"370","id":"b9-l370","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους πρόσθεν· τὸ δέ τοι ξεινήιον ἔσται.","translation":"and the others before him. That shall be your guest-gift.\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l370.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies ἄλλους","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄλλους","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"πρόσθεν","lemma":"πρόσθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἔσται","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of ἔσται","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"ξεινήιον","lemma":"ξεινήιον","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"guest-gift"},{"surface":"ἔσται","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"future indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will be","note":"bitter irony: the 'guest-gift' promised is being eaten last, a monstrous inversion of xenia"}]},{"number":371,"label":"371","id":"b9-l371","source":"ἦ καὶ ἀνακλινθεὶς πέσεν ὕπτιος, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα","translation":"He spoke, and sank back and fell flat on his back, and then","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l371.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἠμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke","note":"ἠμί 'said' — old defective verb, only survives in scattered forms like this."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνακλινθεὶς","lemma":"ἀνακλίνω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέσεν","gloss":"leaning back","note":"aorist passive participle used with middle/reflexive force: 'having reclined himself'."},{"surface":"πέσεν","lemma":"πίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"ὕπτιος","lemma":"ὕπτιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"flat on back"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":372,"label":"372","id":"b9-l372","source":"κεῖτʼ ἀποδοχμώσας παχὺν αὐχένα, κὰδ δέ μιν ὕπνος","translation":"lay there, his thick neck lolling sideways, and sleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l372.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κεῖτ","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"ἀποδοχμώσας","lemma":"ἀποδοχμόω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κεῖτ᾽","gloss":"lolling sideways"},{"surface":"παχὺν","lemma":"παχύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies αὐχένα","gloss":"thick"},{"surface":"αὐχένα","lemma":"αὐχήν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀποδοχμώσας","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down","note":"κατά apocopated to κάδ before δέ — common epic elision/assimilation."},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ᾕρει","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ὕπνος","lemma":"ὕπνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ᾕρει","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":373,"label":"373","id":"b9-l373","source":"ᾕρει πανδαμάτωρ· φάρυγος δʼ ἐξέσσυτο οἶνος","translation":"the conqueror of all, seized him. From his gullet poured the wine","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l373.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πανδαμάτωρ","title":"Sleep, conqueror of all","body":"Pandamatôr, 'all-subduing,' is a stock epithet for sleep. Here it underlines that the giant who fears no god is overcome by ordinary sleep and drink."}],"words":[{"surface":"ᾕρει","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seized"},{"surface":"πανδαμάτωρ","lemma":"πανδαμάτωρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὕπνος","gloss":"all-conquering","note":"epic epithet of sleep, 'tamer of all' — formulaic personification."},{"surface":"φάρυγος","lemma":"φάρυγξ","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐξέσσυτο","gloss":"gullet, from"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐξέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐκσεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"gushed out"},{"surface":"οἶνος","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"wine"}]},{"number":374,"label":"374","id":"b9-l374","source":"ψωμοί τʼ ἀνδρόμεοι· ὁ δʼ ἐρεύγετο οἰνοβαρείων.","translation":"and gobbets of human flesh, and he belched, heavy with wine.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l374.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ψωμοί","lemma":"ψωμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of τ᾽","gloss":"gobbets"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀνδρόμεοι","lemma":"ἀνδρόμεος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ψωμοί","gloss":"of human flesh"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐρεύγετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐρεύγετο","lemma":"ἐρεύγομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"belched"},{"surface":"οἰνοβαρείων","lemma":"οἰνοβαρείων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρεύγετο","gloss":"heavy with wine"}]},{"number":375,"label":"375","id":"b9-l375","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼ τὸν μοχλὸν ὑπὸ σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς,","translation":"Then I drove the stake under the deep ashes,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l375.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλασα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤλασα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μοχλὸν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μοχλὸν","lemma":"μοχλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἤλασα","gloss":"stake"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"σποδοῦ","lemma":"σποδός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"ashes"},{"surface":"ἤλασα","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove"},{"surface":"πολλῆς","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies σποδοῦ","gloss":"deep (much)"}]},{"number":376,"label":"376","id":"b9-l376","source":"ἧος θερμαίνοιτο· ἔπεσσι δὲ πάντας ἑταίρους","translation":"until it should grow hot, and with words I heartened all my companions,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l376.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧος","lemma":"ἕως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until","note":"ἕως with optative θερμαίνοιτο = purpose/anticipation 'until it should grow hot'."},{"surface":"θερμαίνοιτο","lemma":"θερμαίνω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἧος","gloss":"should grow hot"},{"surface":"ἔπεσσι","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to θάρσυνον","gloss":"with words"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of θάρσυνον","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":377,"label":"377","id":"b9-l377","source":"θάρσυνον, μή τίς μοι ὑποδείσας ἀναδύη.","translation":"so that none of them, shrinking in fear, would draw back from me.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l377.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θάρσυνον","lemma":"θαρσύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heartened","note":"θάρσυνον carries over from line 376 as the main verb governing ἔπεσσι and ἑταίρους."},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"lest"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀναδύη","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀναδύη","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"ὑποδείσας","lemma":"ὑποδείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀναδύη","gloss":"shrinking in fear"},{"surface":"ἀναδύη","lemma":"ἀναδύνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to μή","gloss":"draw back","note":"optative in a fear-clause after μή — 'lest he draw back', a common epic construction."}]},{"number":378,"label":"378","id":"b9-l378","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τάχʼ ὁ μοχλὸς ἐλάινος ἐν πυρὶ μέλλεν","translation":"But when the olive-wood stake was about to catch fire in the flames,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l378.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τάχ","lemma":"τάχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to μέλλεν","gloss":"soon"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine article","role":"modifies μοχλὸς","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μοχλὸς","lemma":"μοχλός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of μέλλεν","gloss":"stake"},{"surface":"ἐλάινος","lemma":"ἐλάινος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μοχλὸς","gloss":"olive-wood"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"μέλλεν","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"was about to","note":"μέλλω + infinitive ἅψεσθαι = 'was about to catch fire', imminent-future periphrasis."}]},{"number":379,"label":"379","id":"b9-l379","source":"ἅψεσθαι, χλωρός περ ἐών, διεφαίνετο δʼ αἰνῶς,","translation":"green though it was, and glowed terribly,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l379.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἅψεσθαι","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of μέλλεν","gloss":"catch fire"},{"surface":"χλωρός","lemma":"χλωρός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"green","note":"χλωρός περ ἐών = concessive 'though (still) green' — περ marking concession."},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ἐών","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to μέλλεν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"διεφαίνετο","lemma":"διαφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"glowed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰνῶς","lemma":"αἰνός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to διεφαίνετο","gloss":"terribly"}]},{"number":380,"label":"380","id":"b9-l380","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼν ἆσσον φέρον ἐκ πυρός, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι","translation":"then I carried it close from the fire, and around me my companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l380.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἆσσον","lemma":"ἆσσον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρον","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πυρός","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἵσταντ᾽","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἵσταντ᾽","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":381,"label":"381","id":"b9-l381","source":"ἵσταντʼ· αὐτὰρ θάρσος ἐνέπνευσεν μέγα δαίμων.","translation":"stood; and a god breathed great courage into us.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l381.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἵσταντ","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"θάρσος","lemma":"θάρσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐνέπνευσεν","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"ἐνέπνευσεν","lemma":"ἐμπνέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"breathed into","note":"ἐμπνέω 'breathe in' — a god literally inspiring courage, root sense of 'inspire'."},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies θάρσος","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"δαίμων","lemma":"δαίμων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐνέπνευσεν","gloss":"a god"}]},{"number":382,"label":"382","id":"b9-l382","source":"οἱ μὲν μοχλὸν ἑλόντες ἐλάινον, ὀξὺν ἐπʼ ἄκρῳ,","translation":"They took the olive-wood stake, sharp at its tip,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l382.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐνέρεισαν","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed (marks contrast)"},{"surface":"μοχλὸν","lemma":"μοχλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνέρεισαν","gloss":"stake"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐνέρεισαν","gloss":"having taken"},{"surface":"ἐλάινον","lemma":"ἐλάινος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"olive-wood"},{"surface":"ὀξὺν","lemma":"ὀξύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"sharp"},{"surface":"ἐπ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ἄκρῳ","lemma":"ἄκρον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"modifies ἐπ᾽","gloss":"tip"}]},{"number":383,"label":"383","id":"b9-l383","source":"ὀφθαλμῷ ἐνέρεισαν· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐφύπερθεν ἐρεισθεὶς","translation":"and drove it into his eye; and I, bearing down from above,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l383.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῷ","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐνέρεισαν","gloss":"eye","note":"dative of place 'into the eye' without preposition — common Homeric locative dative."},{"surface":"ἐνέρεισαν","lemma":"ἐνερείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drove in"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δίνεον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐφύπερθεν","lemma":"ἐφύπερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρεισθεὶς","gloss":"from above"},{"surface":"ἐρεισθεὶς","lemma":"ἐρείδω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to δίνεον","gloss":"bearing down"}]},{"number":384,"label":"384","id":"b9-l384","source":"δίνεον, ὡς ὅτε τις τρυπῷ δόρυ νήιον ἀνὴρ","translation":"twisted it, as when a man bores a ship's timber","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l384.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δίνεον","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"twisted"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when","note":"ὡς ὅτε τις + optative introduces an epic simile, a recurring formulaic pattern."},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"τρυπῷ","lemma":"τρυπάω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"bores"},{"surface":"δόρυ","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative neuter noun","role":"object of τρυπῷ","gloss":"timber"},{"surface":"νήιον","lemma":"νήιος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies δόρυ","gloss":"ship's"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of τρυπῷ","gloss":"man"}]},{"number":385,"label":"385","id":"b9-l385","source":"τρυπάνῳ, οἱ δέ τʼ ἔνερθεν ὑποσσείουσιν ἱμάντι","translation":"with a drill, while others below keep it spinning with a strap,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l385.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρυπάνῳ","lemma":"τρύπανον","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τρυπῷ","gloss":"with a drill"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ὑποσσείουσιν","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔνερθεν","lemma":"ἔνερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὑποσσείουσιν","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"ὑποσσείουσιν","lemma":"ὑποσείω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"keep spinning"},{"surface":"ἱμάντι","lemma":"ἱμάς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ὑποσσείουσιν","gloss":"with a strap"}]},{"number":386,"label":"386","id":"b9-l386","source":"ἁψάμενοι ἑκάτερθε, τὸ δὲ τρέχει ἐμμενὲς αἰεί.","translation":"gripping it at either end, and it runs round steadily on and on.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l386.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἁψάμενοι","lemma":"ἅπτω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ὑποσσείουσιν","gloss":"gripping"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθε","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἁψάμενοι","gloss":"at either end"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τρέχει","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τρέχει","lemma":"τρέχω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"runs"},{"surface":"ἐμμενὲς","lemma":"ἐμμενής","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"steadily"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τρέχει","gloss":"always","note":"ἐμμενὲς αἰεί piles up near-synonyms for emphasis — typical epic redundancy for vividness."}]},{"number":387,"label":"387","id":"b9-l387","source":"ὣς τοῦ ἐν ὀφθαλμῷ πυριήκεα μοχλὸν ἑλόντες","translation":"So we took the fire-pointed stake in his eye","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l387.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δινέομεν","gloss":"so","note":"resumes simile from 384-386 with ὣς 'so (too)', closing the comparison."},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμῷ","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμῷ","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"πυριήκεα","lemma":"πυριηκής","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μοχλὸν","gloss":"fire-pointed"},{"surface":"μοχλὸν","lemma":"μοχλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δινέομεν","gloss":"stake"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δινέομεν","gloss":"having taken"}]},{"number":388,"label":"388","id":"b9-l388","source":"δινέομεν, τὸν δʼ αἷμα περίρρεε θερμὸν ἐόντα.","translation":"and spun it, and the blood ran round it as it grew hot.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l388.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δινέομεν","lemma":"δινεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we spun"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of περίρρεε","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἷμα","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of περίρρεε","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"περίρρεε","lemma":"περιρρέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ran round"},{"surface":"θερμὸν","lemma":"θερμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":389,"label":"389","id":"b9-l389","source":"πάντα δέ οἱ βλέφαρʼ ἀμφὶ καὶ ὀφρύας εὗσεν ἀυτμὴ","translation":"The blast singed all his eyelids round about and his brows","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l389.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies βλέφαρ᾽","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies βλέφαρ᾽","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"βλέφαρ","lemma":"βλέφαρον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"eyelids"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὗσεν","gloss":"round about"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀφρύας","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"brows"},{"surface":"εὗσεν","lemma":"εὕω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"singed"},{"surface":"ἀυτμὴ","lemma":"ἀυτμή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of εὗσεν","gloss":"blast (heat)","note":"ἀυτμή 'blast/breath' as subject of εὗσεν — vivid sensory personification of heat."}]},{"number":390,"label":"390","id":"b9-l390","source":"γλήνης καιομένης, σφαραγεῦντο δέ οἱ πυρὶ ῥίζαι.","translation":"as the eyeball burned, and its roots crackled in the fire.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l390.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"γλήνης","lemma":"γλήνη","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καιομένης","gloss":"eyeball, as the"},{"surface":"καιομένης","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"adverbial to εὗσεν","gloss":"burned"},{"surface":"σφαραγεῦντο","lemma":"σφαραγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"crackled"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ῥίζαι","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"πυρὶ","lemma":"πῦρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of σφαραγεῦντο","gloss":"in fire"},{"surface":"ῥίζαι","lemma":"ῥίζα","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of σφαραγεῦντο","gloss":"roots","note":"ῥίζαι 'roots' of the eye — anatomical-poetic image, roots of the eyeball crackling."}]},{"number":391,"label":"391","id":"b9-l391","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ χαλκεὺς πέλεκυν μέγαν ἠὲ σκέπαρνον","translation":"As when a smith dips a great axe or an adze","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l391.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὅτ","lemma":"ὅτι","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when","note":"second full epic simile begins here (smith quenching iron), mirroring the drill simile above."},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of βάπτῃ","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"χαλκεὺς","lemma":"χαλκεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"smith"},{"surface":"πέλεκυν","lemma":"πέλεκυς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"axe"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πέλεκυν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἠέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"σκέπαρνον","lemma":"σκέπαρνον","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἠὲ","gloss":"adze"}]},{"number":392,"label":"392","id":"b9-l392","source":"εἰν ὕδατι ψυχρῷ βάπτῃ μεγάλα ἰάχοντα","translation":"into cold water, and it hisses loud","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l392.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ὕδατι","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of εἰν","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"ψυχρῷ","lemma":"ψυχρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδατι","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"βάπτῃ","lemma":"βάπτω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"dips","note":"present subjunctive in a generalizing/timeless simile clause — 'whenever he dips'."},{"surface":"μεγάλα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἰάχοντα","gloss":"loudly"},{"surface":"ἰάχοντα","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"hissing"}]},{"number":393,"label":"393","id":"b9-l393","source":"φαρμάσσων· τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν","translation":"as he tempers it — for in this lies the strength of iron —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l393.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"φαρμάσσων","lemma":"φαρμάσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to βάπτῃ","gloss":"tempering"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter pronoun","role":"subject of ἐστίν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"σιδήρου","lemma":"σίδηρος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies κράτος","gloss":"of iron"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"κράτος","lemma":"κράτος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"strength"},{"surface":"ἐστίν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"is","note":"gnomic present ἐστίν states a general truth inside the simile, common in Homeric craft similes."}]},{"number":394,"label":"394","id":"b9-l394","source":"ὣς τοῦ σίζʼ ὀφθαλμὸς ἐλαϊνέῳ περὶ μοχλῷ.","translation":"so his eye hissed around the olive-wood stake.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l394.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to σίζ᾽","gloss":"so","note":"closes the smith simile begun at 391, echoing ὡς...ὣς correlative pattern."},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμὸς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"σίζ","lemma":"σίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hissed"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμὸς","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of σίζ᾽","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"ἐλαϊνέῳ","lemma":"ἐλαίνεος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μοχλῷ","gloss":"olive-wood"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"μοχλῷ","lemma":"μοχλός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"stake"}]},{"number":395,"label":"395","id":"b9-l395","source":"σμερδαλέον δὲ μέγʼ ᾤμωξεν, περὶ δʼ ἴαχε πέτρη,","translation":"He gave a great and terrible cry, and the rock rang around him,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l395.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σμερδαλέον","lemma":"σμερδαλέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ᾤμωξεν","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέγ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ᾤμωξεν","gloss":"greatly"},{"surface":"ᾤμωξεν","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἴαχε","lemma":"ἰάχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rang","note":"tmesis: περὶ...ἴαχε split by δ᾽ — preposition and verb separated, typical Homeric tmesis."},{"surface":"πέτρη","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἴαχε","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":396,"label":"396","id":"b9-l396","source":"ἡμεῖς δὲ δείσαντες ἀπεσσύμεθʼ· αὐτὰρ ὁ μοχλὸν","translation":"and we drew back in terror. He wrenched the stake","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l396.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἡμεῖς","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀπεσσύμεθ᾽","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δείσαντες","lemma":"δείδω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπεσσύμεθ᾽","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"ἀπεσσύμεθ","lemma":"ἀποσεύω","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐξέρυσ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"μοχλὸν","lemma":"μοχλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέρυσ᾽","gloss":"stake"}]},{"number":397,"label":"397","id":"b9-l397","source":"ἐξέρυσʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο πεφυρμένον αἵματι πολλῷ.","translation":"out of his eye, all fouled with streaming blood,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l397.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐξέρυσ","lemma":"ἐξερύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pulled out"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῖο","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐξέρυσ᾽","gloss":"from eye"},{"surface":"πεφυρμένον","lemma":"φύρω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fouled"},{"surface":"αἵματι","lemma":"αἷμα","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πεφυρμένον","gloss":"with blood"},{"surface":"πολλῷ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies αἵματι","gloss":"streaming (much)"}]},{"number":398,"label":"398","id":"b9-l398","source":"τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἔρριψεν ἀπὸ ἕο χερσὶν ἀλύων,","translation":"and flung it from him with his hands, frantic with pain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l398.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔρριψεν","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔπειτ","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρριψεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔρριψεν","lemma":"ῥίπτω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἀλύων","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"ἀλύων","lemma":"ἀλύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρριψεν","gloss":"raving in pain","note":"ἀλύω 'be distraught/frantic' — vivid participle capturing Polyphemus's agony."}]},{"number":399,"label":"399","id":"b9-l399","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ Κύκλωπας μεγάλʼ ἤπυεν, οἵ ῥά μιν ἀμφὶς","translation":"and called aloud to the Cyclopes who all around him","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l399.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤπυεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"Κύκλωπας","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἤπυεν","gloss":"Cyclopes","note":"the other Cyclopes, living scattered in nearby caves — notably, Homer has already told us (9.112-115) that Cyclopes have no assemblies or laws and 'reck not one of another,' so their coming to check on Polyphemus's cry is not because they are close-knit kin."},{"surface":"μεγάλ","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἤπυεν","gloss":"loudly","note":"neuter acc. plural μεγάλα used adverbially, 'greatly/loudly' — common epic idiom"},{"surface":"ἤπυεν","lemma":"ἠπύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out"},{"surface":"οἵ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ᾤκεον","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ῥά","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἀμφὶς","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶς","lemma":"ἀμφίς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"round about"}]},{"number":400,"label":"400","id":"b9-l400","source":"ᾤκεον ἐν σπήεσσι διʼ ἄκριας ἠνεμοέσσας.","translation":"lived in their caves among the windswept headlands.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l400.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ᾤκεον","lemma":"οἰκέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Κύκλωπας","gloss":"were living"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπήεσσι","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"caves","note":"σπέος 'cave' takes an irregular dative plural σπήεσσι, an epic/Aeolic-flavored ending"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἄκριας","lemma":"ἄκρις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δι᾽","gloss":"headlands"},{"surface":"ἠνεμοέσσας","lemma":"ἠνεμόεις","morphology":"accusative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἄκριας","gloss":"windswept","note":"ἠνεμόεις 'windy' — a stock Homeric epithet for exposed heights"}]},{"number":401,"label":"401","id":"b9-l401","source":"οἱ δὲ βοῆς ἀίοντες ἐφοίτων ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος,","translation":"They heard his shout and came thronging from every side,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l401.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐφοίτων","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"βοῆς","lemma":"βοή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀίοντες","gloss":"his shout"},{"surface":"ἀίοντες","lemma":"ἀίω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐφοίτων","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"ἐφοίτων","lemma":"φοιτάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"came thronging","note":"φοιτάω 'go to and fro' — vivid iterative sense of Cyclopes converging from all sides"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφοίτων","gloss":"from one place"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"another","note":"ἄλλοθεν...ἄλλος pairing = 'one from here, one from there' — a distributive formula"}]},{"number":402,"label":"402","id":"b9-l402","source":"ἱστάμενοι δʼ εἴροντο περὶ σπέος ὅττι ἑ κήδοι·","translation":"and standing around the cave they asked what troubled him:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l402.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱστάμενοι","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to εἴροντο","gloss":"standing"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἴροντο","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"asked"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of περὶ","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἑ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κήδοι","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κήδοι","lemma":"κήδω","morphology":"present active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἴροντο","gloss":"troubled","note":"optative κήδοι in a past indirect question — 'what was troubling him,' vividness of report"}]},{"number":403,"label":"403","id":"b9-l403","source":"τίπτε τόσον, Πολύφημʼ, ἀρημένος ὧδʼ\n                        ἐβόησας","translation":"\"Why, Polyphemus, so distressed, have you cried out like this","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l403.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τίπτε","lemma":"τίπτε","morphology":"pronoun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"τόσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐβόησας","gloss":"so much"},{"surface":"Πολύφημ","lemma":"Πολύφημος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Polyphemus"},{"surface":"ἀρημένος","lemma":"ἀράω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐβόησας","gloss":"distressed","note":"perfect passive participle of ἀράω 'be afflicted' — state resulting from pain, not the pain itself"},{"surface":"ὧδ","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐβόησας","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"ἐβόησας","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"cried out"}]},{"number":404,"label":"404","id":"b9-l404","source":"νύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην καὶ ἀύπνους ἄμμε τίθησθα;","translation":"through the immortal night, and made us sleepless?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l404.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νύκτα","lemma":"νύξ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to δι᾽","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"δι","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"ἀμβροσίην","lemma":"ἀμβρόσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"adverbial to νύκτα","gloss":"immortal","note":"ἀμβρόσιος 'ambrosial/divine' applied to Night — elevates ordinary night into a cosmic epithet"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀύπνους","lemma":"ἄυπνος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"complement of τίθησθα","gloss":"sleepless"},{"surface":"ἄμμε","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of τίθησθα","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"τίθησθα","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"make"}]},{"number":405,"label":"405","id":"b9-l405","source":"ἦ μή τίς σευ μῆλα βροτῶν ἀέκοντος ἐλαύνει;","translation":"Surely no mortal is driving off your flocks against your will?","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l405.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not","note":"μή τις here forms a strong negative question expecting 'no' — rhetorical reassurance"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐλαύνει","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνει","gloss":"flocks"},{"surface":"βροτῶν","lemma":"βροτός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"of mortals"},{"surface":"ἀέκοντος","lemma":"ἀέκων","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"against your will"},{"surface":"ἐλαύνει","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is driving off"}]},{"number":406,"label":"406","id":"b9-l406","source":"ἦ μή τίς σʼ αὐτὸν κτείνει δόλῳ ἠὲ βίηφιν;","translation":"Surely no one is killing you by trickery or by force?\"","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l406.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δόλῳ ἠὲ βίηφιν","title":"By guile or by force","body":"The pairing 'by trickery or by force' is a stock Homeric antithesis. The neighbors' innocent 'no one' (mê tis) unwittingly echoes the name Outis."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κτείνει","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κτείνει","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"αὐτὸν","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies σ᾽","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"κτείνει","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is killing"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"by trickery"},{"surface":"ἠὲ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"βίηφιν","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠὲ","gloss":"by force","note":"βίηφιν, instrumental -φι(ν) suffix — archaic case-ending surviving only in epic formulas"}]},{"number":407,"label":"407","id":"b9-l407","source":"τοὺς δʼ αὖτʼ ἐξ ἄντρου προσέφη κρατερὸς\n                     Πολύφημος·","translation":"And from inside the cave mighty Polyphemus answered them:","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l407.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὖτ","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἄντρου","lemma":"ἄντρον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"the cave"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολύφημος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Πολύφημος","lemma":"Πολύφημος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Polyphemus","note":"formulaic epithet-name pairing κρατερὸς Πολύφημος fills the verse end, classic Homeric line-shape"}]},{"number":408,"label":"408","id":"b9-l408","source":"ὦ φίλοι, Οὖτίς με κτείνει δόλῳ οὐδὲ βίηφιν.","translation":"\"Friends, Noman is killing me by guile and not by force!\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l408.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"φίλοι","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"vocative plural masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"friends"},{"surface":"Οὖτίς","lemma":"Οὖτις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κτείνει","gloss":"Nobody","note":"Οὖτις, Odysseus's false name — the pun the whole episode hinges on: 'no-man' vs. 'no one'"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of κτείνει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"κτείνει","lemma":"κτείνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is killing"},{"surface":"δόλῳ","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to οὐ","gloss":"by guile"},{"surface":"βίηφιν","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to οὐ","gloss":"by force"}]},{"number":409,"label":"409","id":"b9-l409","source":"οἱ δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενοι ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευον·","translation":"And answering they spoke winged words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l409.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ","title":"Winged words","body":"'Winged words' is one of Homer's most familiar formulaic epithets for speech, used to introduce direct address."}],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπαμειβόμενοι","lemma":"ἀπαμείβομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀγόρευον","gloss":"answering"},{"surface":"ἔπεα","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἀγόρευον","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"πτερόεντ","lemma":"πτερόεις","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔπεα","gloss":"winged","note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα 'winged words' — one of Homer's most famous recurring formulas for speech"},{"surface":"ἀγόρευον","lemma":"ἀγορεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke"}]},{"number":410,"label":"410","id":"b9-l410","source":"εἰ μὲν δὴ μή τίς σε βιάζεται οἶον ἐόντα,","translation":"\"If no one is using force on you, alone as you are,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l410.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βιάζεται","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of βιάζεται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"βιάζεται","lemma":"βιάζω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"is forcing"},{"surface":"οἶον","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐόντα","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being","note":"οἶον ἐόντα 'being alone' — the Cyclopes assume no violence can happen to one alone in his own cave"}]},{"number":411,"label":"411","id":"b9-l411","source":"νοῦσον γʼ οὔ πως ἔστι Διὸς μεγάλου ἀλέασθαι,","translation":"there is no escaping a sickness from great Zeus;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l411.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νοῦσον","lemma":"νόσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀλέασθαι","gloss":"sickness"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πως","lemma":"πως","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"ἔστι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is possible"},{"surface":"Διὸς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies νοῦσον","gloss":"of Zeus"},{"surface":"μεγάλου","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Διὸς","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"ἀλέασθαι","lemma":"ἀλέω","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"subject of ἔστι","gloss":"to escape","note":"ἀλέασθαι, infinitive as subject of ἔστι — 'escaping is not possible,' the Cyclopes read his cry as divine affliction"}]},{"number":412,"label":"412","id":"b9-l412","source":"ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ εὔχεο πατρὶ Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι.","translation":"so pray to your father, lord Poseidon.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l412.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχεο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"εὔχεο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"pray"},{"surface":"πατρὶ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάωνι","gloss":"to father"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδεών","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχεο","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάωνι","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":413,"label":"413","id":"b9-l413","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν ἀπιόντες, ἐμὸν δʼ ἐγέλασσε φίλον\n                     κῆρ,","translation":"So they spoke and went away, and my own heart laughed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l413.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔφαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spoke"},{"surface":"ἀπιόντες","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφαν","gloss":"departing"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"my own"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐγέλασσε","lemma":"γελάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"φίλον","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐγέλασσε","gloss":"heart","note":"φίλον κῆρ 'dear heart' — a recurring epic phrase for one's inner self, here laughing in triumph at the trick"}]},{"number":414,"label":"414","id":"b9-l414","source":"ὡς ὄνομʼ ἐξαπάτησεν ἐμὸν καὶ μῆτις ἀμύμων.","translation":"to think how my name and my flawless cunning had deceived him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l414.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"μῆτις ἀμύμων","title":"Flawless cunning","body":"Mêtis is the practical, scheming intelligence that defines Odysseus. The line caps the Noman trick: name and cunning together undo the giant."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ὄνομ","lemma":"ὄνομα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"name"},{"surface":"ἐξαπάτησεν","lemma":"ἐξαπατάω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"deceived"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄνομ᾽","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῆτις","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"ἀμύμων","lemma":"ἀμύμων","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies μῆτις","gloss":"flawless","note":"ἀμύμων 'blameless/excellent' modifying μῆτις — praises Odysseus's cleverness as itself the hero of the trick"}]},{"number":415,"label":"415","id":"b9-l415","source":"Κύκλωψ δὲ στενάχων τε καὶ ὠδίνων ὀδύνῃσι","translation":"But the Cyclops, groaning and writhing in his pains,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l415.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"the Cyclops"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"στενάχων","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὠδίνων","lemma":"ὠδίνω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"writhing"},{"surface":"ὀδύνῃσι","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"in pains"}]},{"number":416,"label":"416","id":"b9-l416","source":"χερσὶ ψηλαφόων ἀπὸ μὲν λίθον εἷλε θυράων,","translation":"groped with his hands and took the stone away from the doorway,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l416.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χερσὶ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ψηλαφόων","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"ψηλαφόων","lemma":"ψηλαφάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to εἷλε","gloss":"groping"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λίθον","lemma":"λίθος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἷλε","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"εἷλε","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"θυράων","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"from the door","note":"the boulder blocking the cave entrance — a huge stone only Polyphemus could move, key to the escape plan"}]},{"number":417,"label":"417","id":"b9-l417","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ εἰνὶ θύρῃσι καθέζετο χεῖρε πετάσσας,","translation":"and sat himself in the doorway with both hands spread out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l417.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"εἰνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θύρῃσι","lemma":"θύρα","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of εἰνὶ","gloss":"the doorway"},{"surface":"καθέζετο","lemma":"καθέζομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"},{"surface":"χεῖρε","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative dual feminine noun","role":"adverbial to πετάσσας","gloss":"his two hands","note":"χεῖρε, dual form — Homeric Greek still marks 'two hands' grammatically distinct from plural"},{"surface":"πετάσσας","lemma":"πετάννυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to καθέζετο","gloss":"spreading out"}]},{"number":418,"label":"418","id":"b9-l418","source":"εἴ τινά που μετʼ ὄεσσι λάβοι στείχοντα θύραζε·","translation":"in case he might catch any man slipping out among the sheep;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l418.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"τινά","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of λάβοι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"που","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"μετ","lemma":"μετά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ὄεσσι","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to μετ᾽","gloss":"the sheep"},{"surface":"λάβοι","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἴ","gloss":"might catch"},{"surface":"στείχοντα","lemma":"στείχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of στείχοντα","gloss":"outside"}]},{"number":419,"label":"419","id":"b9-l419","source":"οὕτω γάρ πού μʼ ἤλπετʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ νήπιον εἶναι.","translation":"for so, it seems, he hoped in his mind that I was a fool.","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l419.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὕτω","lemma":"οὕτως","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤλπετ᾽","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"γάρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"πού","lemma":"πού","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἤλπετ","lemma":"ἔλπω","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hoped","note":"ἔλπω 'expect/hope,' here of Polyphemus wrongly assuming he'd outwitted a fool"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"φρεσὶ","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"dative plural noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"mind"},{"surface":"νήπιον","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"a fool"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἤλπετ᾽","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":420,"label":"420","id":"b9-l420","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ βούλευον, ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα γένοιτο,","translation":"But I kept planning how things might turn out for the best,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l420.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of βούλευον","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"βούλευον","lemma":"βουλεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was planning"},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"ἄριστα","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of γένοιτο","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"γένοιτο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of ,","gloss":"might turn out"}]},{"number":421,"label":"421","id":"b9-l421","source":"εἴ τινʼ ἑταίροισιν θανάτου λύσιν ἠδʼ ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ","translation":"whether I could find for my companions and for myself","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l421.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"whether"},{"surface":"τιν","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"modifies λύσιν","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"ἑταίροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"for companions"},{"surface":"θανάτου","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies λύσιν","gloss":"of death"},{"surface":"λύσιν","lemma":"λύσις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εὑροίμην","gloss":"release"},{"surface":"ἠδ","lemma":"ἠδέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠδ᾽","gloss":"for me"},{"surface":"αὐτῷ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐμοὶ","gloss":"myself"}]},{"number":422,"label":"422","id":"b9-l422","source":"εὑροίμην· πάντας δὲ δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον","translation":"some release from death; and I wove all my tricks and cunning,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l422.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὑροίμην","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"object of εἴ","gloss":"might find","note":"εὑροίμην begins this line but grammatically completes the εἴ clause of the line before — enjambment across verses"},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies δόλους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δόλους","lemma":"δόλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"tricks"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μῆτιν","lemma":"μῆτις","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"cunning"},{"surface":"ὕφαινον","lemma":"ὑφαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was weaving","note":"ὑφαίνω 'weave' used metaphorically for scheming — cunning as a woven plot, a recurring image for Odysseus"}]},{"number":423,"label":"423","id":"b9-l423","source":"ὥς τε περὶ ψυχῆς· μέγα γὰρ κακὸν ἐγγύθεν ἦεν.","translation":"since it was a matter of life itself: great peril was near at hand.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l423.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"περὶ ψυχῆς","title":"For his very life","body":"The phrase 'concerning the psukhê' means with one's life at stake. Psukhê here is the life-breath that survival depends on."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"concerning"},{"surface":"ψυχῆς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"μέγα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κακὸν","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"κακὸν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἦεν","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἐγγύθεν","lemma":"ἐγγύθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἦεν","gloss":"nearby"},{"surface":"ἦεν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":424,"label":"424","id":"b9-l424","source":"ἥδε δέ μοι κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή.","translation":"And this seemed in my heart the best plan:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l424.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"nominative singular feminine pronoun","role":"subject of φαίνετο","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of φαίνετο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"θυμὸν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to κατὰ","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"ἀρίστη","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies βουλή","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"φαίνετο","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"βουλή","lemma":"βουλή","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":425,"label":"425","id":"b9-l425","source":"ἄρσενες ὄιες ἦσαν ἐυτρεφέες, δασύμαλλοι,","translation":"There were rams, well fed and thick-fleeced,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l425.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄρσενες","lemma":"ἄρσην","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὄιες","gloss":"male"},{"surface":"ὄιες","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἦσαν","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"ἦσαν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"ἐυτρεφέες","lemma":"εὐτρεφής","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"well-fed"},{"surface":"δασύμαλλοι","lemma":"δασύμαλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"thick-fleeced","note":"δασύμαλλος 'thick-woolled' — a descriptive compound epithet, key detail for the escape-under-rams plan"}]},{"number":426,"label":"426","id":"b9-l426","source":"καλοί τε μεγάλοι τε, ἰοδνεφὲς εἶρος ἔχοντες·","translation":"handsome and large, with wool dark as violets;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l426.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καλοί","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μεγάλοι","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"large"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰοδνεφὲς","lemma":"ἰοδνεφής","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies εἶρος","gloss":"violet-dark","note":"ἰοδνεφής 'violet-dark' describing wool — a striking color compound rare even in Homer"},{"surface":"εἶρος","lemma":"εἶρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντες","gloss":"wool"},{"surface":"ἔχοντες","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":427,"label":"427","id":"b9-l427","source":"τοὺς ἀκέων συνέεργον ἐυστρεφέεσσι λύγοισιν,","translation":"these I bound together silently with the well-twisted withies","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l427.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of συνέεργον","gloss":"these (rams)"},{"surface":"ἀκέων","lemma":"ἀκέων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to συνέεργον","gloss":"silently","note":"quietly, without a sound — adverbial use of an adjective, common in epic"},{"surface":"συνέεργον","lemma":"συνέργω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I bound together"},{"surface":"ἐυστρεφέεσσι","lemma":"ἐυστρεφής","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies λύγοισιν","gloss":"well-twisted"},{"surface":"λύγοισιν","lemma":"λύγος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of συνέεργον","gloss":"withies","note":"λύγος = pliant willow twigs used as rope, a real Homeric detail of shepherd craft"}]},{"number":428,"label":"428","id":"b9-l428","source":"τῇς ἔπι Κύκλωψ εὗδε πέλωρ, ἀθεμίστια εἰδώς,","translation":"on which the lawless monster Cyclops used to sleep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l428.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῇς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"dative plural feminine pronoun","role":"object of ἔπι","gloss":"on which"},{"surface":"ἔπι","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on, upon","note":"ἔπι is ἐπί with anastrophe (accent shift back) since it follows its object τῇς"},{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject","gloss":"Cyclops"},{"surface":"εὗδε","lemma":"εὕδω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing λύγοισιν","gloss":"used to sleep"},{"surface":"πέλωρ","lemma":"πέλωρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject","gloss":"monster"},{"surface":"ἀθεμίστια","lemma":"ἀθεμίστιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of εἰδώς","gloss":"lawless things","note":"neuter plural used as abstract noun, object of εἰδώς: 'knowing lawless things'"},{"surface":"εἰδώς","lemma":"οἶδα","morphology":"perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"modifies","gloss":"knowing"}]},{"number":429,"label":"429","id":"b9-l429","source":"σύντρεις αἰνύμενος· ὁ μὲν ἐν μέσῳ ἄνδρα φέρεσκε,","translation":"taking them three by three: the middle one carried a man,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l429.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύντρεις","lemma":"σύντρεις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to αἰνύμενος","gloss":"three by three"},{"surface":"αἰνύμενος","lemma":"αἴνυμαι","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to συνέεργον","gloss":"taking"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φέρεσκε","gloss":"the one (middle)"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"μέσῳ","lemma":"μέσος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"middle"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρεσκε","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"φέρεσκε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"kept carrying","note":"-σκε is the Homeric iterative suffix: 'used to carry' repeatedly, each time"}]},{"number":430,"label":"430","id":"b9-l430","source":"τὼ δʼ ἑτέρω ἑκάτερθεν ἴτην σώοντες ἑταίρους.","translation":"while the two on either side went along, keeping my companions safe.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l430.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὼ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative dual masculine article","role":"modifies ἑτέρω","gloss":"the two"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑτέρω","lemma":"ἕτερος","morphology":"nominative dual masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἴτην","gloss":"other two","note":"dual number, used for the two flanking rams — a form modern Greek lost"},{"surface":"ἑκάτερθεν","lemma":"ἑκάτερθε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἴτην","gloss":"on either side"},{"surface":"ἴτην","lemma":"εἶμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"σώοντες","lemma":"σώω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἴτην","gloss":"keeping safe"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of σώοντες","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":431,"label":"431","id":"b9-l431","source":"τρεῖς δὲ ἕκαστον φῶτʼ ὄιες φέρον· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε—","translation":"Three rams carried each man. But I myself —","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l431.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τρεῖς","lemma":"τρεῖς","morphology":"numeral","role":"modifies ὄιες","gloss":"three"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἕκαστον","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies φῶτ᾽","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"φῶτ","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φέρον","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ὄιες","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of φέρον","gloss":"rams"},{"surface":"φέρον","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κείμην","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"γε—","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed","note":"emphatic γε sets up dramatic suspense before revealing Odysseus's own escape plan"}]},{"number":432,"label":"432","id":"b9-l432","source":"ἀρνειὸς γὰρ ἔην μήλων ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἁπάντων,","translation":"there was a ram, by far the best of all the flock —","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l432.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνειὸς","lemma":"ἀρνειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔην","gloss":"a ram"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἔην","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ἄριστος","gloss":"of the flock"},{"surface":"ὄχ","lemma":"ὄχα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far","note":"ὄχα intensifies the superlative ἄριστος: 'by far the best'"},{"surface":"ἄριστος","lemma":"ἄριστος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"ἁπάντων","lemma":"ἅπας","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies μήλων","gloss":"of all"}]},{"number":433,"label":"433","id":"b9-l433","source":"τοῦ κατὰ νῶτα λαβών, λασίην ὑπὸ γαστέρʼ ἐλυσθεὶς","translation":"him I grasped by the back, and curling beneath his shaggy belly","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l433.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"κατὰ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of λαβών","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"λαβών","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"grasping"},{"surface":"λασίην","lemma":"λάσιος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαστέρ᾽","gloss":"shaggy"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"γαστέρ","lemma":"γαστήρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"belly"},{"surface":"ἐλυσθεὶς","lemma":"ἐλύω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"curled up","note":"aorist passive participle used with active sense: 'having curled/rolled himself'"}]},{"number":434,"label":"434","id":"b9-l434","source":"κείμην· αὐτὰρ χερσὶν ἀώτου θεσπεσίοιο","translation":"I lay; and with my hands in the marvelous fleece","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l434.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κείμην","lemma":"κεῖμαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I lay"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χερσὶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐχόμην","gloss":"with hands"},{"surface":"ἀώτου","lemma":"ἄωτον","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"object of στρεφθεὶς","gloss":"fleece"},{"surface":"θεσπεσίοιο","lemma":"θεσπέσιος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἀώτου","gloss":"marvelous"}]},{"number":435,"label":"435","id":"b9-l435","source":"νωλεμέως στρεφθεὶς ἐχόμην τετληότι θυμῷ.","translation":"I clung, twisted around it, with an enduring heart.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l435.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"τετληότι θυμῷ","title":"With an enduring heart","body":"The phrase 'with a steadfast spirit' belongs to the same root that gives Odysseus the epithet polytlas, 'much-enduring.' It marks his signature capacity to hold on through hardship."}],"words":[{"surface":"νωλεμέως","lemma":"νωλεμές","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to στρεφθεὶς","gloss":"steadfastly"},{"surface":"στρεφθεὶς","lemma":"στρέφω","morphology":"aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐχόμην","gloss":"twisted around"},{"surface":"ἐχόμην","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I clung"},{"surface":"τετληότι","lemma":"τλάω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"enduring","note":"perfect participle of τλάω 'to endure' — a favorite Homeric epithet for Odysseus's patient heart"},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐχόμην","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":436,"label":"436","id":"b9-l436","source":"ὣς τότε μὲν στενάχοντες ἐμείναμεν Ἠῶ δῖαν.","translation":"So then, groaning, we waited for the divine Dawn.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l436.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"στενάχοντες","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ἐμείναμεν","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we waited"},{"surface":"Ἠῶ","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμείναμεν","gloss":"Dawn"},{"surface":"δῖαν","lemma":"δῖος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠῶ","gloss":"divine","note":"δῖαν 'divine' modifying Dawn — a stock Homeric formula closing the night scene"}]},{"number":437,"label":"437","id":"b9-l437","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"When early-born, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l437.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς","title":"Rosy-fingered Dawn","body":"This whole line is a recurring formula. The fixed epithets 'early-born' and 'rosy-fingered' fill the verse and mark the start of a new day."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born"},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος 'rosy-fingered' is one of Homer's most famous fixed epithets for Dawn"},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":438,"label":"438","id":"b9-l438","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἔπειτα νομόνδʼ ἐξέσσυτο ἄρσενα μῆλα,","translation":"then the male sheep rushed out to pasture,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l438.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐξέσσυτο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"thereupon"},{"surface":"νομόνδ","lemma":"νομόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐξέσσυτο","gloss":"to pasture","note":"-δε suffix meaning 'toward' attached to νομόν, common Homeric directional ending"},{"surface":"ἐξέσσυτο","lemma":"ἐκσεύομαι","morphology":"imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rushed out"},{"surface":"ἄρσενα","lemma":"ἄρσην","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"male"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἐξέσσυτο","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":439,"label":"439","id":"b9-l439","source":"θήλειαι δὲ μέμηκον ἀνήμελκτοι περὶ σηκούς·","translation":"but the females bleated about the pens, unmilked,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l439.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θήλειαι","lemma":"θῆλυς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"subject of μέμηκον","gloss":"females"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μέμηκον","lemma":"μηκάομαι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bleated"},{"surface":"ἀνήμελκτοι","lemma":"ἀνήμελκτος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"unmilked"},{"surface":"περὶ","lemma":"περί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"σηκούς","lemma":"σηκός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to περὶ","gloss":"pens"}]},{"number":440,"label":"440","id":"b9-l440","source":"οὔθατα γὰρ σφαραγεῦντο. ἄναξ δʼ ὀδύνῃσι κακῇσι","translation":"for their udders were bursting. And their master, worn with cruel pains,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l440.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔθατα","lemma":"οὖθαρ","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of σφαραγεῦντο","gloss":"udders"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"σφαραγεῦντο","lemma":"σφαραγέομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were bursting","note":"vivid physical detail of Polyphemus's neglected flock, underscoring his distraction and grief"},{"surface":"ἄναξ","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐπεμαίετο","gloss":"master (Cyclops)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀδύνῃσι","lemma":"ὀδύνη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of τειρόμενος","gloss":"pains"},{"surface":"κακῇσι","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies ὀδύνῃσι","gloss":"cruel"}]},{"number":441,"label":"441","id":"b9-l441","source":"τειρόμενος πάντων ὀίων ἐπεμαίετο νῶτα","translation":"worn down with pain, he felt along the backs of all the rams","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l441.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τειρόμενος","lemma":"τείρω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐπεμαίετο","gloss":"worn down"},{"surface":"πάντων","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀίων","gloss":"of all"},{"surface":"ὀίων","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies νῶτα","gloss":"rams"},{"surface":"ἐπεμαίετο","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"felt along"},{"surface":"νῶτα","lemma":"νῶτον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπεμαίετο","gloss":"backs"}]},{"number":442,"label":"442","id":"b9-l442","source":"ὀρθῶν ἑσταότων· τὸ δὲ νήπιος οὐκ ἐνόησεν,","translation":"as they stood upright; but the fool did not realize this,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l442.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"νήπιος","title":"the fool","body":"Homer applies nēpios to the Cyclops, the same word used for helpless infants. It marks his witlessness in failing to grasp the trick."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀρθῶν","lemma":"ὀρθός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"ἑσταότων","lemma":"ἵστημι","morphology":"perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"standing","note":"perfect participle of ἵστημι, genitive absolute with ὀρθῶν: 'as they stood upright'"},{"surface":"τὸ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"object of ,","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"νήπιος","lemma":"νήπιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"fool","note":"νήπιος, dramatic irony — the Cyclops is the 'fool' who fails to catch the trick"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐνόησεν","lemma":"νοέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"realize"}]},{"number":443,"label":"443","id":"b9-l443","source":"ὥς οἱ ὑπʼ εἰροπόκων ὀίων στέρνοισι δέδεντο.","translation":"how the men were bound beneath the breasts of his woolly sheep.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l443.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὥς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δέδεντο","gloss":"they (the men)"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"εἰροπόκων","lemma":"εἰροπόκος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ὀίων","gloss":"woolly"},{"surface":"ὀίων","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies στέρνοισι","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"στέρνοισι","lemma":"στέρνον","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"breasts"},{"surface":"δέδεντο","lemma":"δέω","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"object of ὥς","gloss":"were bound"}]},{"number":444,"label":"444","id":"b9-l444","source":"ὕστατος ἀρνειὸς μήλων ἔστειχε θύραζε","translation":"Last of the flock the ram walked out toward the door,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l444.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕστατος","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"ἀρνειὸς","lemma":"ἀρνειός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔστειχε","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ὕστατος","gloss":"of the flock"},{"surface":"ἔστειχε","lemma":"στείχω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἔστειχε","gloss":"toward the door"}]},{"number":445,"label":"445","id":"b9-l445","source":"λάχνῳ στεινόμενος καὶ ἐμοὶ πυκινὰ φρονέοντι.","translation":"weighed down by his fleece and by me, my mind racing.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l445.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"λάχνῳ","lemma":"λάχνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"fleece"},{"surface":"στεινόμενος","lemma":"στείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔστειχε","gloss":"weighed down"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"by me"},{"surface":"πυκινὰ","lemma":"πυκνός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of φρονέοντι","gloss":"cunning thoughts","note":"πυκινά literally 'dense, close-packed' — describes Odysseus's clever scheming mind"},{"surface":"φρονέοντι","lemma":"φρονέω","morphology":"present active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"pondering"}]},{"number":446,"label":"446","id":"b9-l446","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐπιμασσάμενος προσέφη κρατερὸς Πολύφημος·","translation":"Feeling him over, mighty Polyphemus spoke to him:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l446.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐπιμασσάμενος","title":"Aorist participle","body":"ἐπιμασσάμενος is an aorist middle participle, 'having felt over.' Such participles set an action just completed before the main verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφη","gloss":"him (the ram)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπιμασσάμενος","lemma":"ἐπιμαίομαι","morphology":"aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέφη","gloss":"feeling over"},{"surface":"προσέφη","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke to"},{"surface":"κρατερὸς","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Πολύφημος","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Πολύφημος","lemma":"Πολύφημος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of προσέφη","gloss":"Polyphemus"}]},{"number":447,"label":"447","id":"b9-l447","source":"κριὲ πέπον, τί μοι ὧδε διὰ σπέος ἔσσυο\n                        μήλων","translation":"\"Dear ram, why do you come through the cave like this, the last","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l447.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κριὲ","lemma":"κριός","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"πέπον","lemma":"πέπων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κριὲ","gloss":"dear, gentle","note":"πέπον — an affectionate epithet, poignant since Polyphemus tenderly addresses the ram hiding his enemy"},{"surface":"τί","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυο","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυο","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ὧδε","lemma":"ὧδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσσυο","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of διὰ","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"ἔσσυο","lemma":"σεύω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"did you rush"},{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ὕστατος","gloss":"of the flock"}]},{"number":448,"label":"448","id":"b9-l448","source":"ὕστατος; οὔ τι πάρος γε λελειμμένος ἔρχεαι οἰῶν,","translation":"of the flock? Never before have you trailed behind the sheep,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l448.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὕστατος","lemma":"ὕστερος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τι","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"πάρος","lemma":"πάρος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεαι","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"λελειμμένος","lemma":"λείπω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρχεαι","gloss":"left behind"},{"surface":"ἔρχεαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you go"},{"surface":"οἰῶν","lemma":"ὄις","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"object of λελειμμένος","gloss":"of the sheep"}]},{"number":449,"label":"449","id":"b9-l449","source":"ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρῶτος νέμεαι τέρενʼ ἄνθεα ποίης","translation":"but far the first you grazed on the tender flowers of the grass,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l449.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλὰ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"by far"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"νέμεαι","lemma":"νέμω","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you graze"},{"surface":"τέρεν","lemma":"τέρην","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἄνθεα","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"ἄνθεα","lemma":"ἄνθος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of νέμεαι","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"ποίης","lemma":"πόα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ἄνθεα","gloss":"of the grass"}]},{"number":450,"label":"450","id":"b9-l450","source":"μακρὰ βιβάς, πρῶτος δὲ ῥοὰς ποταμῶν ἀφικάνεις,","translation":"striding wide, and first you reached the river's streams,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l450.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μακρὰ","lemma":"μακρός","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to βιβάς","gloss":"with long strides","note":"μακρὰ βιβάς 'striding wide/long' — a vivid Homeric formula for a great animal's gait"},{"surface":"βιβάς","lemma":"βίβημι","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to νέμεαι","gloss":"striding"},{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ῥοὰς","lemma":"ῥοή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφικάνεις","gloss":"streams"},{"surface":"ποταμῶν","lemma":"ποταμός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies ῥοὰς","gloss":"of the river"},{"surface":"ἀφικάνεις","lemma":"ἀφικάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you reach"}]},{"number":451,"label":"451","id":"b9-l451","source":"πρῶτος δὲ σταθμόνδε λιλαίεαι ἀπονέεσθαι","translation":"and first you longed to come back home to the fold","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l451.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"σταθμόνδε","lemma":"σταθμόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἀπονέεσθαι","gloss":"to the fold","note":"-δε directional suffix on σταθμόν, 'toward the fold' — again Homer's motion-toward ending"},{"surface":"λιλαίεαι","lemma":"λιλαίομαι","morphology":"present middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you long"},{"surface":"ἀπονέεσθαι","lemma":"ἀπονέομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive infinitive","role":"object of λιλαίεαι","gloss":"to return"}]},{"number":452,"label":"452","id":"b9-l452","source":"ἑσπέριος· νῦν αὖτε πανύστατος. ἦ σύ γʼ ἄνακτος","translation":"at evening; but now you are last of all. Surely you grieve for your master's","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l452.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἑσπέριος","lemma":"ἑσπέριος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"in the evening"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"αὖτε","lemma":"αὖτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"in turn"},{"surface":"πανύστατος","lemma":"πανύστατος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"very last"},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"surely"},{"surface":"σύ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"nominative singular pronoun","role":"subject of ποθέεις","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄνακτος","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ὀφθαλμὸν","gloss":"of your master","note":"Polyphemus unknowingly speaks of himself in third person, deepening the scene's dramatic irony"}]},{"number":453,"label":"453","id":"b9-l453","source":"ὀφθαλμὸν ποθέεις, τὸν ἀνὴρ κακὸς ἐξαλάωσε","translation":"eye, which an evil man blinded out,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l453.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμὸν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ποθέεις","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"ποθέεις","lemma":"ποθέω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you long for"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐξαλάωσε","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"a man"},{"surface":"κακὸς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἐξαλάωσε","lemma":"ἐξαλαόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing ὀφθαλμὸν","gloss":"blinded"}]},{"number":454,"label":"454","id":"b9-l454","source":"σὺν λυγροῖς ἑτάροισι δαμασσάμενος φρένας οἴνῳ,","translation":"with his wretched companions, after mastering my wits with wine,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l454.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"δαμασσάμενος φρένας οἴνῳ","title":"mastered by wine","body":"δαμάζω means to subdue or tame, often of taming animals or conquering foes; here wine 'masters' the mind, the same verb later used of the Cyclops himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"σὺν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"λυγροῖς","lemma":"λυγρός","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"wretched"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"adverbial to σὺν","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"δαμασσάμενος","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐξαλάωσε","gloss":"having mastered"},{"surface":"φρένας","lemma":"φρήν","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of δαμασσάμενος","gloss":"wits","note":"φρένας 'mind/wits,' plural of the seat of thought — object of δαμασσάμενος 'having overpowered'"},{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to δαμασσάμενος","gloss":"with wine"}]},{"number":455,"label":"455","id":"b9-l455","source":"Οὖτις, ὃν οὔ πώ φημι πεφυγμένον εἶναι ὄλεθρον.","translation":"Noman, who I say has not yet escaped destruction.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l455.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Οὖτις","title":"Noman","body":"Outis ('Noman') is the false name Odysseus gave; the pun let the other Cyclopes mistake the cry for 'no man is harming me.' The Cyclops still does not see the trick."}],"words":[{"surface":"Οὖτις","lemma":"Οὖτις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Noman","note":"Odysseus's fake name Οὖτις 'no-man' sounds like μή τις 'not anyone' — the pun that later makes Polyphemus's cry for help unintelligible to the other Cyclopes."},{"surface":"ὃν","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἶναι","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"οὔ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πώ","lemma":"πω","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"φημι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Οὖτις","gloss":"I say"},{"surface":"πεφυγμένον","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"escaped","note":"Perfect participle: a completed state 'having escaped,' stressing the outcome still holding."},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of φημι","gloss":"to be"},{"surface":"ὄλεθρον","lemma":"ὄλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεφυγμένον","gloss":"destruction"}]},{"number":456,"label":"456","id":"b9-l456","source":"εἰ δὴ ὁμοφρονέοις ποτιφωνήεις τε γένοιο","translation":"If only you could share my mind and find a voice","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l456.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ὁμοφρονέοις","lemma":"ὁμοφρονέω","morphology":"present active optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you shared my mind","note":"Optative of wish: 'would that you shared my mind' — no real-world condition, just a longing."},{"surface":"ποτιφωνήεις","lemma":"προσφωνήεις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"able to speak"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"γένοιο","lemma":"γίγνομαι","morphology":"aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you would become"}]},{"number":457,"label":"457","id":"b9-l457","source":"εἰπεῖν ὅππῃ κεῖνος ἐμὸν μένος ἠλασκάζει·","translation":"to tell me where that man dodges away from my fury;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l457.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰπεῖν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"adverbial to γένοιο","gloss":"to tell"},{"surface":"ὅππῃ","lemma":"ὅπη","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἠλασκάζει","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"κεῖνος","lemma":"ἐκεῖνος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"subject of ἠλασκάζει","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μένος","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μένος","lemma":"μένος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἠλασκάζει","gloss":"fury"},{"surface":"ἠλασκάζει","lemma":"ἠλασκάζω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"object of εἰπεῖν","gloss":"dodges away","note":"ἠλασκάζω: a rare, vivid verb of evasive fleeing, used almost only of this scene."}]},{"number":458,"label":"458","id":"b9-l458","source":"τῷ κέ οἱ ἐγκέφαλός γε διὰ σπέος ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ","translation":"then his brains would be dashed throughout the cave, this way and that,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l458.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δέ","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κέ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἐγκέφαλός","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"ἐγκέφαλός","lemma":"ἐγκέφαλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ῥαίοιτο","gloss":"brains","note":"ἐγκέφαλος 'in-the-head' — a grimly concrete anatomical noun for the ram's-eye violent fantasy."},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"διὰ","lemma":"διά","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"σπέος","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to διὰ","gloss":"the cave"},{"surface":"ἄλλυδις","lemma":"ἄλλυδις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥαίοιτο","gloss":"this way"},{"surface":"ἄλλῃ","lemma":"ἄλλῃ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ῥαίοιτο","gloss":"and that"}]},{"number":459,"label":"459","id":"b9-l459","source":"θεινομένου ῥαίοιτο πρὸς οὔδεϊ, κὰδ δέ κʼ ἐμὸν κῆρ","translation":"smashed against the ground, and my heart would find","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l459.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"θεινομένου","lemma":"θείνω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"being struck"},{"surface":"ῥαίοιτο","lemma":"ῥαίω","morphology":"present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would be dashed","note":"ῥαίοιτο is optative of unreal wish — the whole sentence imagines a counterfactual smashing."},{"surface":"πρὸς","lemma":"πρός","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"οὔδεϊ","lemma":"οὖδας","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"object of πρὸς","gloss":"the ground"},{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῆρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"κῆρ","lemma":"κῆρ","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of λωφήσειε","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":460,"label":"460","id":"b9-l460","source":"λωφήσειε κακῶν, τά μοι οὐτιδανὸς πόρεν Οὖτις.","translation":"relief from the evils that worthless Noman has brought me.\"","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l460.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"οὐτιδανὸς Οὖτις","title":"Wordplay on Noman","body":"οὐτιδανός ('worthless, of no account') echoes the name Οὖτις ('Noman'), a bitter pun the Cyclops makes without grasping its meaning."}],"words":[{"surface":"λωφήσειε","lemma":"λωφάω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would find relief"},{"surface":"κακῶν","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λωφήσειε","gloss":"from evils"},{"surface":"τά","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"object of πόρεν","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of πόρεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οὐτιδανὸς","lemma":"οὐτιδανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Οὖτις","gloss":"worthless","note":"οὐτιδανός echoes the sound of Οὖτις 'Noman' — the Cyclops's own words mock him unwittingly."},{"surface":"πόρεν","lemma":"πόρω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing κακῶν","gloss":"brought"},{"surface":"Οὖτις","lemma":"Οὖτις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of πόρεν","gloss":"Noman"}]},{"number":461,"label":"461","id":"b9-l461","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τὸν κριὸν ἀπὸ ἕο πέμπε θύραζε.","translation":"So speaking he sent the ram out from himself through the door.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l461.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰπὼν","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"εἰπὼν","lemma":"εἶπον","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to πέμπε","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies κριὸν","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"κριὸν","lemma":"κριός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πέμπε","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ἕο","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀπὸ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"πέμπε","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sent"},{"surface":"θύραζε","lemma":"θύραζε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πέμπε","gloss":"out the door"}]},{"number":462,"label":"462","id":"b9-l462","source":"ἐλθόντες δʼ ἠβαιὸν ἀπὸ σπείους τε καὶ αὐλῆς","translation":"When we had gone a little way from the cave and the yard,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l462.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"having gone"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἠβαιὸν","lemma":"ἠβαιός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἐλθόντες","gloss":"a little way"},{"surface":"ἀπὸ","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"σπείους","lemma":"σπεῖος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the cave"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αὐλῆς","lemma":"αὐλή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"the yard"}]},{"number":463,"label":"463","id":"b9-l463","source":"πρῶτος ὑπʼ ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην, ὑπέλυσα δʼ ἑταίρους.","translation":"first I freed myself from under the ram, then loosed my companions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l463.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πρῶτος","lemma":"πρῶτος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"ὑπ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from under"},{"surface":"ἀρνειοῦ","lemma":"ἀρνειός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπ᾽","gloss":"the ram"},{"surface":"λυόμην","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I freed myself","note":"Middle voice λυόμην: Odysseus acts on himself, distinct from the active ὑπέλυσα he does to his men."},{"surface":"ὑπέλυσα","lemma":"ὑπολύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I loosed"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὑπέλυσα","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":464,"label":"464","id":"b9-l464","source":"καρπαλίμως δὲ τὰ μῆλα ταναύποδα, πίονα δημῷ,","translation":"Quickly the long-legged sheep, fat with their tallow,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l464.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καρπαλίμως","lemma":"καρπάλιμος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐλαύνομεν","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τὰ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter article","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἐλαύνομεν","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"ταναύποδα","lemma":"ταναύπους","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"long-legged"},{"surface":"πίονα","lemma":"πίων","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"fat"},{"surface":"δημῷ","lemma":"δημός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies πίονα","gloss":"with tallow"}]},{"number":465,"label":"465","id":"b9-l465","source":"πολλὰ περιτροπέοντες ἐλαύνομεν, ὄφρʼ ἐπὶ νῆα","translation":"we drove, turning them often, until we reached the ship.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l465.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πολλὰ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to περιτροπέοντες","gloss":"much/often"},{"surface":"περιτροπέοντες","lemma":"περιτροπέω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐλαύνομεν","gloss":"turning about","note":"περιτροπέοντες: they circle the sheep round repeatedly, herding them zigzag to the ship."},{"surface":"ἐλαύνομεν","lemma":"ἐλαύνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we drove"},{"surface":"ὄφρ","lemma":"ὄφρα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the ship"}]},{"number":466,"label":"466","id":"b9-l466","source":"ἱκόμεθʼ. ἀσπάσιοι δὲ φίλοις ἑτάροισι φάνημεν,","translation":"A welcome sight we were to our dear companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l466.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἱκόμεθ","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὄφρ᾽","gloss":"we reached"},{"surface":"ἀσπάσιοι","lemma":"ἀσπάσιος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"welcome"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φίλοις","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑτάροισι","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of φάνημεν","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"φάνημεν","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we appeared"}]},{"number":467,"label":"467","id":"b9-l467","source":"οἳ φύγομεν θάνατον, τοὺς δὲ στενάχοντο γοῶντες.","translation":"we who had escaped death; but for the others they mourned, lamenting.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l467.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἳ","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of φύγομεν","gloss":"we who"},{"surface":"φύγομεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing","gloss":"escaped"},{"surface":"θάνατον","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of φύγομεν","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"τοὺς","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of στενάχοντο","gloss":"the others"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"στενάχοντο","lemma":"στενάχω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they mourned","note":"Middle-passive στενάχοντο still takes an accusative object here (τοὺς, the lost companions): 'they grieved over them.'"},{"surface":"γοῶντες","lemma":"γοάω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to στενάχοντο","gloss":"lamenting"}]},{"number":468,"label":"468","id":"b9-l468","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐκ εἴων, ἀνὰ δʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦον ἑκάστῳ,","translation":"But I would not let them weep, and signaled each with my brows","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l468.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀλλ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"εἴων","lemma":"ἐάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"would let"},{"surface":"ἀνὰ","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀφρύσι","lemma":"ὀφρύς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to νεῦον","gloss":"with my brows","note":"A silent order: Odysseus signals with raised eyebrows so the Cyclops on the shore won't hear grief."},{"surface":"νεῦον","lemma":"νεύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I nodded/signaled"},{"surface":"ἑκάστῳ","lemma":"ἕκαστος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"object of νεῦον","gloss":"to each"}]},{"number":469,"label":"469","id":"b9-l469","source":"κλαίειν, ἀλλʼ ἐκέλευσα θοῶς καλλίτριχα μῆλα","translation":"to stop; instead I ordered them quickly to throw the fine-fleeced sheep","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l469.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κλαίειν","lemma":"κλαίω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of δ᾽","gloss":"to weep"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσα","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ordered"},{"surface":"θοῶς","lemma":"θοός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to βαλόντας","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"καλλίτριχα","lemma":"καλλίτριχος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"fine-fleeced"},{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of βαλόντας","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":470,"label":"470","id":"b9-l470","source":"πόλλʼ ἐν νηὶ βαλόντας ἐπιπλεῖν ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ.","translation":"in great numbers aboard the ship and sail the salt water.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l470.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πόλλ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"νηὶ","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"βαλόντας","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"throwing"},{"surface":"ἐπιπλεῖν","lemma":"ἐπιπλέω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"to sail"},{"surface":"ἁλμυρὸν","lemma":"ἁλμυρός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὕδωρ","gloss":"salt"},{"surface":"ὕδωρ","lemma":"ὕδωρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἐπιπλεῖν","gloss":"water"}]},{"number":471,"label":"471","id":"b9-l471","source":"οἱ δʼ αἶψʼ εἴσβαινον καὶ ἐπὶ κληῖσι καθῖζον,","translation":"They embarked at once and sat down at the oarlocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l471.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσβαινον","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"εἴσβαινον","lemma":"εἰσβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"embarked"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κληῖσι","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"oarlocks","note":"κληΐς literally 'peg/pin' — the thole-pin securing each oar, metonymy for rowing bench."},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":472,"label":"472","id":"b9-l472","source":"ἑξῆς δʼ ἑζόμενοι πολιὴν ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς.","translation":"and sitting in their rows they struck the gray sea with their oars.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l472.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πολιὴν ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς","title":"Formulaic rowing line","body":"This whole line is a recurring formula for putting out to sea. ἐρετμοῖς is dative of instrument, 'with their oars.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξῆς","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑζόμενοι","gloss":"in rows"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑζόμενοι","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τύπτον","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"πολιὴν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of τύπτον","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"τύπτον","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they struck","note":"τύπτω 'strike/beat' used of oars hitting the water — a formulaic Homeric image of rowing."},{"surface":"ἐρετμοῖς","lemma":"ἐρετμόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τύπτον","gloss":"with oars"}]},{"number":473,"label":"473","id":"b9-l473","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε τόσσον ἀπῆν, ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας,","translation":"But when I was as far off as a man's shout carries,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l473.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπῆν","gloss":"so far"},{"surface":"ἀπῆν","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"I was off"},{"surface":"ὅσσον","lemma":"ὅσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to γέγωνε","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"(correlative particle)"},{"surface":"γέγωνε","lemma":"γέγωνα","morphology":"perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing τόσσον","gloss":"carries/is heard","note":"γέγωνα, perfect with present force: 'makes himself heard' — a standard formula for shouting-distance."},{"surface":"βοήσας","lemma":"βοάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to γέγωνε","gloss":"shouting"}]},{"number":474,"label":"474","id":"b9-l474","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼ Κύκλωπα προσηύδων κερτομίοισι·","translation":"then I called out to the Cyclops with taunting words:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l474.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδων","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσηύδων","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Κύκλωπα","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδων","gloss":"the Cyclops"},{"surface":"προσηύδων","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"called out to"},{"surface":"κερτομίοισι","lemma":"κερτόμιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies","gloss":"with taunting words"}]},{"number":475,"label":"475","id":"b9-l475","source":"Κύκλωψ, οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλες ἀνάλκιδος ἀνδρὸς\n                        ἑταίρους","translation":"\"Cyclops, it was no weakling's companions you were going","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l475.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Cyclops","note":"Vocative address — Odysseus taunts Polyphemus by his epithet 'Cyclops,' not his true name; he only gives his real name later, fatally, in his final boast."},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἄρ","lemma":"ἄρα","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔμελλες","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you were going to"},{"surface":"ἀνάλκιδος","lemma":"ἄναλκις","morphology":"genitive singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνδρὸς","gloss":"of a weakling"},{"surface":"ἀνδρὸς","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"man's"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἔδμεναι","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":476,"label":"476","id":"b9-l476","source":"ἔδμεναι ἐν σπῆι γλαφυρῷ κρατερῆφι βίηφι.","translation":"to devour in your hollow cave by your brute strength.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l476.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κρατερῆφι βίηφι","title":"Old instrumental ending -φι","body":"The suffix -φι is an archaic Homeric ending serving as instrumental/dative, 'by mighty force.' It survives mainly in epic formulas."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἔδμεναι","lemma":"ἔδω","morphology":"active infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλες","gloss":"to eat"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"σπῆι","lemma":"σπέος","morphology":"dative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐν","gloss":"cave"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῷ","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"dative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies σπῆι","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"κρατερῆφι","lemma":"κρατερός","morphology":"dative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies βίηφι","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"βίηφι","lemma":"βία","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔδμεναι","gloss":"by strength","note":"Instrumental -φι case ending (κρατερῆφι βίηφι), an archaic Homeric dative/instrumental form outside normal declension."}]},{"number":477,"label":"477","id":"b9-l477","source":"καὶ λίην σέ γʼ ἔμελλε κιχήσεσθαι κακὰ ἔργα,","translation":"Your evil deeds were surely bound to catch up with you,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l477.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"λίην","lemma":"λίαν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔμελλε","gloss":"exceedingly"},{"surface":"σέ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of κιχήσεσθαι","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔμελλε","lemma":"μέλλω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"were bound to"},{"surface":"κιχήσεσθαι","lemma":"κιχάνω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἔμελλε","gloss":"catch up with"},{"surface":"κακὰ","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἔργα","gloss":"evil"},{"surface":"ἔργα","lemma":"ἔργον","morphology":"nominative plural neuter noun","role":"subject of ἔμελλε","gloss":"deeds"}]},{"number":478,"label":"478","id":"b9-l478","source":"σχέτλιʼ, ἐπεὶ ξείνους οὐχ ἅζεο σῷ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ","translation":"you wretch, since you had no shame to eat your guests","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l478.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλι","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"wretch"},{"surface":"ἐπεὶ","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"ξείνους","lemma":"ξένος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐσθέμεναι","gloss":"guests"},{"surface":"οὐχ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἅζεο","lemma":"ἅζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεὶ","gloss":"you felt shame","note":"ἅζομαι: religious awe/shame before guest-right (xenia) — its absence marks the Cyclops's core impiety."},{"surface":"σῷ","lemma":"σός","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἴκῳ","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ἐνὶ","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐνὶ","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":479,"label":"479","id":"b9-l479","source":"ἐσθέμεναι· τῷ σε Ζεὺς τίσατο καὶ θεοὶ ἄλλοι.","translation":"in your own house; for this Zeus and the other gods have punished you.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l479.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐσθέμεναι","lemma":"ἔσθω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἅζεο","gloss":"to eat"},{"surface":"τῷ","lemma":"τῷ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τίσατο","gloss":"therefore"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of τίσατο","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Ζεὺς","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"Zeus"},{"surface":"τίσατο","lemma":"τίνω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"punished","note":"Zeus Xenios, guardian of guest-right, punishes hosts who violate hospitality — the poem's moral frame."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θεοὶ","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"gods"},{"surface":"ἄλλοι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεοὶ","gloss":"other"}]},{"number":480,"label":"480","id":"b9-l480","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα χολώσατο κηρόθι\n                     μᾶλλον,","translation":"So I spoke, and then he grew still angrier at heart,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l480.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of χολώσατο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χολώσατο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"χολώσατο","lemma":"χολόω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grew angry"},{"surface":"κηρόθι","lemma":"κηρόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χολώσατο","gloss":"at heart"},{"surface":"μᾶλλον","lemma":"μᾶλλον","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to χολώσατο","gloss":"still more","note":"μᾶλλον intensifies κηρόθι χολώσατο — the taunt backfires, escalating rather than shaming the Cyclops."}]},{"number":481,"label":"481","id":"b9-l481","source":"ἧκε δʼ ἀπορρήξας κορυφὴν ὄρεος μεγάλοιο,","translation":"and breaking off the peak of a great mountain he hurled it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l481.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκε","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he hurled"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀπορρήξας","lemma":"ἀπορρήγνυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκε","gloss":"breaking off","note":"ἀπορρήγνυμι: violently tearing off — sets up the mountain-peak missile as an act of raw superhuman rage."},{"surface":"κορυφὴν","lemma":"κορυφή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἧκε","gloss":"peak"},{"surface":"ὄρεος","lemma":"ὄρος","morphology":"genitive singular neuter noun","role":"modifies κορυφὴν","gloss":"of a mountain"},{"surface":"μεγάλοιο","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"genitive singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ὄρεος","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":482,"label":"482","id":"b9-l482","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔβαλε προπάροιθε νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο","translation":"and threw it down in front of the dark-prowed ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l482.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κυανοπρῴροιο","title":"Dark-prowed","body":"kyanoprōiros, 'dark-prowed,' is a standard epithet for ships. The -οιο ending is the old Homeric genitive singular."}],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαλε","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he threw"},{"surface":"προπάροιθε","lemma":"προπάροιθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in front of"},{"surface":"νεὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of προπάροιθε","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"κυανοπρῴροιο","lemma":"κυανόπρῳρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεὸς","gloss":"dark-prowed","note":"κυανόπρῳρος 'dark-blue-prowed' — a Homeric epithet for ships, formulaic decoration in the verse."}]},{"number":483,"label":"483","id":"b9-l483","source":"τυτθόν, ἐδεύησεν δʼ οἰήιον ἄκρον ἱκέσθαι,","translation":"barely; it just missed striking the tip of the steering-oar.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l483.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυτθόν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλε","gloss":"barely, by a little"},{"surface":"ἐδεύησεν","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it fell short","note":"δεύω 'lack, fall short' + gen.-like infinitive: it just missed reaching."},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰήιον","lemma":"οἰήιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"steering-oar"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐδεύησεν","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":484,"label":"484","id":"b9-l484","source":"ἐκλύσθη δὲ θάλασσα κατερχομένης ὑπὸ πέτρης·","translation":"The sea surged up as the rock came down into it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l484.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκλύσθη","lemma":"κλύζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surged, was churned"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκλύσθη","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"κατερχομένης","lemma":"κατέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming down","note":"Participle agrees with πέτρης (genitive singular), not θάλασσα — it describes the rock itself: 'as the rock came down,' i.e. 'from under the descending rock.'"},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"rock"}]},{"number":485,"label":"485","id":"b9-l485","source":"τὴν δʼ αἶψʼ ἤπειρόνδε παλιρρόθιον φέρε κῦμα,","translation":"and the backward-rushing wave carried the ship toward the shore,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l485.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"her (the ship)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρε","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"ἤπειρόνδε","lemma":"ἤπειρόνδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"toward the shore","note":"directional -δε suffix on ἤπειρος: 'to/toward the mainland'."},{"surface":"παλιρρόθιον","lemma":"παλιρρόθιος","morphology":"nominative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies κῦμα","gloss":"backward-rushing"},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"carried","note":"imperfect: the wave kept carrying/was carrying the ship, vivid ongoing action."},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":486,"label":"486","id":"b9-l486","source":"πλημυρὶς ἐκ πόντοιο, θέμωσε δὲ χέρσον ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"a flood-tide from the deep, and forced it to reach the land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l486.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"πλημυρὶς","lemma":"πλημυρίς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"flood-tide"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"πόντοιο","lemma":"πόντος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἐκ","gloss":"the deep sea"},{"surface":"θέμωσε","lemma":"θεμόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forced"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χέρσον","lemma":"χέρσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of θέμωσε","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":487,"label":"487","id":"b9-l487","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ χείρεσσι λαβὼν περιμήκεα κοντὸν","translation":"But I took in my hands a very long pole","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l487.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"χείρεσσι","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to λαβὼν","gloss":"with my hands"},{"surface":"λαβὼν","lemma":"λαμβάνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ὦσα","gloss":"taking, grabbing","note":"aorist participle expresses action prior to the main verb ὦσα: 'having taken up.'"},{"surface":"περιμήκεα","lemma":"περιμήκης","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies κοντὸν","gloss":"very long"},{"surface":"κοντὸν","lemma":"κοντός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of λαβὼν","gloss":"pole"}]},{"number":488,"label":"488","id":"b9-l488","source":"ὦσα παρέξ, ἑτάροισι δʼ ἐποτρύνας ἐκέλευσα","translation":"and shoved us off, and urging my companions I ordered them","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l488.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὦσα","lemma":"ὠθέω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I pushed off"},{"surface":"παρέξ","lemma":"παρέξ","morphology":"preposition","role":"adverbial to ὦσα","gloss":"aside, off"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνας","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"urging on"},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσα","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I ordered"}]},{"number":489,"label":"489","id":"b9-l489","source":"ἐμβαλέειν κώπῃς, ἵνʼ ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν,","translation":"to fall on the oars, so we might escape from disaster,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l489.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἵνʼ ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν","title":"Purpose with the optative","body":"After a past main verb, the purpose clause ἵνα... φύγοιμεν takes the optative ('so that we might escape'), the regular sequence after secondary tenses."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἐμβαλέειν","lemma":"ἐμβάλλω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"to fall to, strike","note":"epic infinitive in -έειν; object of ἐκέλευσα: 'ordered them to fall on the oars.'"},{"surface":"κώπῃς","lemma":"κώπη","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐμβαλέειν","gloss":"oars"},{"surface":"ἵν","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"ὑπὲκ","lemma":"ὑπέκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out from, away"},{"surface":"κακότητα","lemma":"κακότης","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of φύγοιμεν","gloss":"disaster"},{"surface":"φύγοιμεν","lemma":"φεύγω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ἵν᾽","gloss":"we might escape","note":"optative of purpose after ἵνα: 'so that we might escape.'"}]},{"number":490,"label":"490","id":"b9-l490","source":"κρατὶ κατανεύων· οἱ δὲ προπεσόντες ἔρεσσον.","translation":"nodding with my head; and they bent forward and rowed.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l490.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κρατὶ","lemma":"κράς","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to κατανεύων","gloss":"with my head"},{"surface":"κατανεύων","lemma":"κατανεύω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"nodding"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔρεσσον","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προπεσόντες","lemma":"προπίπτω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔρεσσον","gloss":"bending forward"},{"surface":"ἔρεσσον","lemma":"ἐρέσσω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"rowed"}]},{"number":491,"label":"491","id":"b9-l491","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ δὶς τόσσον ἅλα πρήσσοντες ἀπῆμεν,","translation":"But when we were twice as far across the sea,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l491.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"δὶς","lemma":"δίς","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"twice"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἀπῆμεν","gloss":"so far, that much"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πρήσσοντες","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"πρήσσοντες","lemma":"πράσσω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀπῆμεν","gloss":"making our way","note":"πρήσσω here means 'accomplish/cover (distance)' rather than 'do'—idiom for traveling across the sea."},{"surface":"ἀπῆμεν","lemma":"ἄπειμι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"we were away, had gone"}]},{"number":492,"label":"492","id":"b9-l492","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ Κύκλωπα προσηύδων· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι","translation":"then I called out to the Cyclops again; and around me my companions","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l492.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to προσηύδων","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Κύκλωπα","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of προσηύδων","gloss":"the Cyclops"},{"surface":"προσηύδων","lemma":"προσαυδάω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I called out to","note":"imperfect: began/kept calling out, setting up the taunt that follows."},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρήτυον","gloss":"around, nearby"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐρήτυον","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":493,"label":"493","id":"b9-l493","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσιν ἐρήτυον ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος·","translation":"tried to hold me back with soothing words, one from this side, one from that:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l493.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος","title":"'one from this side, one from that'","body":"The idiom ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος literally 'another from another place' conveys 'each from a different direction,' a common Homeric distributive pattern."}],"words":[{"surface":"μειλιχίοις","lemma":"μειλίχιος","morphology":"dative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἐπέεσσιν","gloss":"soothing"},{"surface":"ἐπέεσσιν","lemma":"ἔπος","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἐρήτυον","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"ἐρήτυον","lemma":"ἐρητύω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"tried to hold back"},{"surface":"ἄλλοθεν","lemma":"ἄλλοθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐρήτυον","gloss":"from one side"},{"surface":"ἄλλος","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"another (man)","note":"ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος 'one from here, another from there'—distributive formula for a crowd acting individually."}]},{"number":494,"label":"494","id":"b9-l494","source":"σχέτλιε, τίπτʼ ἐθέλεις ἐρεθιζέμεν ἄγριον\n                        ἄνδρα;","translation":"\"Reckless man, why do you want to provoke this savage creature?","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l494.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σχέτλιε","lemma":"σχέτλιος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"reckless one"},{"surface":"τίπτ","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular neuter pronoun","role":"adverbial to ἐθέλεις","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ἐθέλεις","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"do you want"},{"surface":"ἐρεθιζέμεν","lemma":"ἐρεθίζω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of ἐθέλεις","gloss":"to provoke"},{"surface":"ἄγριον","lemma":"ἄγριος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἄνδρα","gloss":"savage"},{"surface":"ἄνδρα","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐρεθιζέμεν","gloss":"man, creature"}]},{"number":495,"label":"495","id":"b9-l495","source":"ὃς καὶ νῦν πόντονδε βαλὼν βέλος ἤγαγε νῆα","translation":"Just now by hurling into the sea he brought the ship","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l495.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἤγαγε","gloss":"who","note":"relative pronoun opening the companions' warning, referring back to the Cyclops."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"even, also"},{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγε","gloss":"just now"},{"surface":"πόντονδε","lemma":"πόντονδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of βαλὼν","gloss":"into the sea"},{"surface":"βαλὼν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγε","gloss":"hurling"},{"surface":"βέλος","lemma":"βέλος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of βαλὼν","gloss":"missile, shot"},{"surface":"ἤγαγε","lemma":"ἄγω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"drove, brought"},{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἤγαγε","gloss":"the ship"}]},{"number":496,"label":"496","id":"b9-l496","source":"αὖτις ἐς ἤπειρον, καὶ δὴ φάμεν αὐτόθʼ ὀλέσθαι.","translation":"back to the mainland, and we thought we would die right there.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l496.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὖτις","lemma":"αὖθις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἤγαγε","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ἤπειρον","lemma":"ἤπειρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"the mainland"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"φάμεν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we thought, said"},{"surface":"αὐτόθ","lemma":"αὐτόθι","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσθαι","gloss":"right there"},{"surface":"ὀλέσθαι","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of φάμεν","gloss":"to perish","note":"infinitive after φάμεν: 'we said/thought (that) we would perish there.'"}]},{"number":497,"label":"497","id":"b9-l497","source":"εἰ δὲ φθεγξαμένου τευ ἢ αὐδήσαντος ἄκουσε,","translation":"If he had heard one of us speak or call out,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l497.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"φθεγξαμένου","lemma":"φθέγγομαι","morphology":"aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"of one speaking"},{"surface":"τευ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"genitive singular pronoun","role":"object of ἄκουσε","gloss":"any of us","note":"enclitic indefinite genitive—'anyone', object with φθεγξαμένου/αὐδήσαντος: 'heard any of us speaking.'"},{"surface":"ἢ","lemma":"ἤ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"αὐδήσαντος","lemma":"αὐδάω","morphology":"aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"of one calling out"},{"surface":"ἄκουσε","lemma":"ἀκούω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to εἰ","gloss":"he had heard"}]},{"number":498,"label":"498","id":"b9-l498","source":"σύν κεν ἄραξʼ ἡμέων κεφαλὰς καὶ νήια δοῦρα","translation":"he would have crushed our heads and the ship's timbers together","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l498.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"σύν","lemma":"σύν","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"together"},{"surface":"κεν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(would have)","note":"κεν + aorist indicative = unreal past conditional: 'he would have crushed.'"},{"surface":"ἄραξ","lemma":"ἀράσσω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he would have crushed"},{"surface":"ἡμέων","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"genitive plural masculine pronoun","role":"modifies κεφαλὰς","gloss":"our"},{"surface":"κεφαλὰς","lemma":"κεφαλή","morphology":"accusative plural feminine noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"heads"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"νήια","lemma":"νήιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies δοῦρα","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"δοῦρα","lemma":"δόρυ","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"timbers"}]},{"number":499,"label":"499","id":"b9-l499","source":"μαρμάρῳ ὀκριόεντι βαλών· τόσσον γὰρ ἵησιν.","translation":"by hurling a jagged boulder; for he throws that far.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l499.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μαρμάρῳ","lemma":"μάρμαρος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἄραξ᾽","gloss":"with a boulder"},{"surface":"ὀκριόεντι","lemma":"ὀκριόεις","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies μαρμάρῳ","gloss":"jagged"},{"surface":"βαλών","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἄραξ᾽","gloss":"hurling"},{"surface":"τόσσον","lemma":"τόσος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἵησιν","gloss":"that far"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἵησιν","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he throws, hurls","note":"vivid present tense used for a general/habitual capability: 'that's how far he can throw.'"}]},{"number":500,"label":"500","id":"b9-l500","source":"ὣς φάσαν, ἀλλʼ οὐ πεῖθον ἐμὸν μεγαλήτορα\n                     θυμόν,","translation":"So they spoke, but they did not persuade my great-hearted spirit,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l500.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"οὐ πεῖθον","title":"Imperfect of attempted action","body":"The imperfect πεῖθον here is conative, 'they kept trying to persuade' or 'they did not succeed in persuading,' showing an effort that failed."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φάσαν","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"φάσαν","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they spoke"},{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"πεῖθον","lemma":"πείθω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they persuaded"},{"surface":"ἐμὸν","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"μεγαλήτορα","lemma":"μεγαλήτωρ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies θυμόν","gloss":"great-hearted","note":"stock Homeric epithet for the heroic θυμός—Odysseus's pride overriding his crew's caution."},{"surface":"θυμόν","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of πεῖθον","gloss":"spirit, heart"}]},{"number":501,"label":"501","id":"b9-l501","source":"ἀλλά μιν ἄψορρον προσέφην κεκοτηότι θυμῷ·","translation":"but again I spoke to him with an angry heart:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l501.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλά","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέφην","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"ἄψορρον","lemma":"ἄψορρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to προσέφην","gloss":"back again"},{"surface":"προσέφην","lemma":"πρόσφημι","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke to"},{"surface":"κεκοτηότι","lemma":"κοτέω","morphology":"perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","role":"modifies θυμῷ","gloss":"angered, enraged","note":"perfect participle κεκοτηότι conveys a settled state of anger, not a momentary flash."},{"surface":"θυμῷ","lemma":"θυμός","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to προσέφην","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":502,"label":"502","id":"b9-l502","source":"Κύκλωψ, αἴ κέν τίς σε καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων","translation":"\"Cyclops, if any mortal man should ever","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l502.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Κύκλωψ","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Cyclops"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κέν","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(potential particle)"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἴρηται","gloss":"someone, anyone"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of εἴρηται","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"καταθνητῶν","lemma":"καταθνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"of mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies τίς","gloss":"men"}]},{"number":503,"label":"503","id":"b9-l503","source":"ὀφθαλμοῦ εἴρηται ἀεικελίην ἀλαωτύν,","translation":"ask you about the shameful blinding of your eye,","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l503.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῦ","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀλαωτύν","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"εἴρηται","lemma":"ἔρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"should ask","note":"subjunctive after αἴ κεν: future-more-vivid conditional, 'if anyone should ask.'"},{"surface":"ἀεικελίην","lemma":"ἀεικής","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλαωτύν","gloss":"shameful"},{"surface":"ἀλαωτύν","lemma":"ἀλαωτύς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of εἴρηται","gloss":"blinding"}]},{"number":504,"label":"504","id":"b9-l504","source":"φάσθαι Ὀδυσσῆα πτολιπόρθιον ἐξαλαῶσαι,","translation":"say that Odysseus the sacker of cities blinded it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l504.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"πτολιπόρθιον","title":"Sacker of cities","body":"ptoliporthios, 'sacker of cities,' is a heroic epithet of Odysseus. The form ptoli- preserves an old initial consonant cluster of polis."}],"words":[{"surface":"φάσθαι","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"present middle infinitive","role":"main verb","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πτολιπόρθιον","lemma":"πτολιπόρθιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆα","gloss":"sacker of cities","note":"formulaic epithet πτολιπόρθιος: Odysseus proudly names himself in full heroic terms as he taunts the Cyclops."},{"surface":"ἐξαλαῶσαι","lemma":"ἐξαλαόω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of φάσθαι","gloss":"blinded"}]},{"number":505,"label":"505","id":"b9-l505","source":"υἱὸν Λαέρτεω, Ἰθάκῃ ἔνι οἰκίʼ ἔχοντα.","translation":"the son of Laertes, whose home is in Ithaca.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l505.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Λαέρτεω","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"of Laertes"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἔνι","gloss":"in Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"οἰκί","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"house, home"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"having"}]},{"number":506,"label":"506","id":"b9-l506","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δέ μʼ οἰμώξας ἠμείβετο μύθῳ·","translation":"So I spoke, and he answered me with a groan:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l506.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"so, thus"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἠμείβετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἠμείβετο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"οἰμώξας","lemma":"οἰμώζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετο","gloss":"groaning"},{"surface":"ἠμείβετο","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"answered"},{"surface":"μύθῳ","lemma":"μῦθος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἠμείβετο","gloss":"with a word, speech"}]},{"number":507,"label":"507","id":"b9-l507","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δή με παλαίφατα θέσφαθʼ ἱκάνει.","translation":"\"Oh no, indeed the old prophecies have come upon me!","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l507.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὢ πόποι","title":"Cry of dismay","body":"ō popoi is a Homeric exclamation of shock or grief, used by gods and mortals alike, roughly 'alas' or 'oh no.'"}],"words":[{"surface":"ὢ","lemma":"ὦ","morphology":"exclamation","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh!"},{"surface":"πόποι","lemma":"πόποι","morphology":"exclamation","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"alas!","note":"ὢ πόποι: stock Homeric cry of dismay, opening the Cyclops's lament."},{"surface":"ἦ","lemma":"ἦ","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μάλα","lemma":"μάλα","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"very much"},{"surface":"δή","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"με","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἱκάνει","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"παλαίφατα","lemma":"παλαίφατος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies θέσφαθ᾽","gloss":"long-foretold"},{"surface":"θέσφαθ","lemma":"θέσφατος","morphology":"nominative plural neuter adjective","role":"subject of ἱκάνει","gloss":"prophecies","note":"θέσφατα 'god-spoken things'—divine prophecy now fulfilled, key to the Cyclops's despair."},{"surface":"ἱκάνει","lemma":"ἱκάνω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"come upon, reach"}]},{"number":508,"label":"508","id":"b9-l508","source":"ἔσκε τις ἐνθάδε μάντις ἀνὴρ ἠύς τε μέγας τε,","translation":"There was a seer here once, a man both noble and tall,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l508.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔσκε","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"there was"},{"surface":"τις","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"a certain"},{"surface":"ἐνθάδε","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔσκε","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"μάντις","lemma":"μάντις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies ἀνὴρ","gloss":"seer, prophet"},{"surface":"ἀνὴρ","lemma":"ἀνήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"ἠύς","lemma":"ἐύς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"noble, good"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and","note":"τε...τε 'both...and'—epic correlative pairing linking ἠύς and μέγας."},{"surface":"μέγας","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies τε","gloss":"great, tall"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":509,"label":"509","id":"b9-l509","source":"Τήλεμος Εὐρυμίδης, ὃς μαντοσύνῃ ἐκέκαστο","translation":"Telemus son of Eurymus, who excelled in prophecy","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l509.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Τήλεμος","lemma":"Τήλεμος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ,","gloss":"Telemus"},{"surface":"Εὐρυμίδης","lemma":"Εὐρυμίδης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Τήλεμος","gloss":"son of Eurymus"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"μαντοσύνῃ","lemma":"μαντοσύνη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐκέκαστο","gloss":"in prophecy, seercraft"},{"surface":"ἐκέκαστο","lemma":"καίνυμαι","morphology":"pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"excelled","note":"pluperfect ἐκέκαστο: 'had long excelled'—describes an established, long-held renown."}]},{"number":510,"label":"510","id":"b9-l510","source":"καὶ μαντευόμενος κατεγήρα Κυκλώπεσσιν·","translation":"and grew old among the Cyclopes as their seer.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l510.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μαντευόμενος","lemma":"μαντεύομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κατεγήρα","gloss":"prophesying"},{"surface":"κατεγήρα","lemma":"καταγηράσκω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing καὶ","gloss":"grew old"},{"surface":"Κυκλώπεσσιν","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of μαντευόμενος","gloss":"among the Cyclopes"}]},{"number":511,"label":"511","id":"b9-l511","source":"ὅς μοι ἔφη τάδε πάντα τελευτήσεσθαι ὀπίσσω,","translation":"He told me that all this would come to pass hereafter,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l511.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"τελευτήσεσθαι","title":"Future infinitive in indirect speech","body":"The future infinitive τελευτήσεσθαι reports what the seer foretold, expressing a prediction about time to come within indirect statement."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὅς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἔφη","gloss":"he who"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔφη","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"ἔφη","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a subordinate clause","gloss":"said","note":"φημί, aorist-looking but this is imperfect ἔφη — the standard 'said' form in Homer."},{"surface":"τάδε","lemma":"ὅδε","morphology":"accusative plural neuter pronoun","role":"subject of τελευτήσεσθαι","gloss":"these things"},{"surface":"πάντα","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies τάδε","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"τελευτήσεσθαι","lemma":"τελευτάω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"would be fulfilled","note":"Future infinitive in indirect statement after ἔφη, standard Greek reported-speech construction."},{"surface":"ὀπίσσω","lemma":"ὀπίσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to τελευτήσεσθαι","gloss":"hereafter"}]},{"number":512,"label":"512","id":"b9-l512","source":"χειρῶν ἐξ Ὀδυσῆος ἁμαρτήσεσθαι ὀπωπῆς.","translation":"that I would lose my sight at the hands of Odysseus.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l512.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"χειρῶν","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"genitive plural feminine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐξ","gloss":"at the hands"},{"surface":"ἐξ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσῆος","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies χειρῶν","gloss":"of Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἁμαρτήσεσθαι","lemma":"ἁμαρτάνω","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ,","gloss":"would lose","note":"ἁμαρτάνω here takes genitive ὀπωπῆς: 'fail of/lose (one's) sight'."},{"surface":"ὀπωπῆς","lemma":"ὀπωπή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἁμαρτήσεσθαι","gloss":"my sight"}]},{"number":513,"label":"513","id":"b9-l513","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεί τινα φῶτα μέγαν καὶ καλὸν ἐδέγμην","translation":"But I always expected some great and handsome man","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l513.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐδέγμην","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"τινα","lemma":"τις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies φῶτα","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"φῶτα","lemma":"φώς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"μέγαν","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καλὸν","lemma":"καλός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies καὶ","gloss":"handsome"},{"surface":"ἐδέγμην","lemma":"δέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I expected","note":"δέχομαι in the sense 'await, expect' — Polyphemus imagined a hero-sized foe, not the puny Odysseus."}]},{"number":514,"label":"514","id":"b9-l514","source":"ἐνθάδʼ ἐλεύσεσθαι, μεγάλην ἐπιειμένον ἀλκήν·","translation":"to come here, clothed in mighty strength;","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l514.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐνθάδ","lemma":"ἐνθάδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλεύσεσθαι","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"ἐλεύσεσθαι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"future middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐδέγμην","gloss":"would come"},{"surface":"μεγάλην","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἀλκήν","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"ἐπιειμένον","lemma":"ἐπιέννυμι","morphology":"perfect passive participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies ,","gloss":"clothed in","note":"Perfect passive of ἐπιέννυμι, 'wrapped/clad in' — a common epic metaphor for possessing a quality like strength."},{"surface":"ἀλκήν","lemma":"ἀλκή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπιειμένον","gloss":"strength"}]},{"number":515,"label":"515","id":"b9-l515","source":"νῦν δέ μʼ ἐὼν ὀλίγος τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καὶ ἄκικυς","translation":"but now a small, worthless, feeble thing","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l515.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ὀλίγος τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καὶ ἄκικυς","title":"small and feeble","body":"The three contemptuous adjectives ('small, worthless, feeble') heighten the irony: the seemingly weak Odysseus has overcome the giant by cunning."}],"words":[{"surface":"νῦν","lemma":"νῦν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἀλάωσεν","gloss":"but now"},{"surface":"δέ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀλάωσεν","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐὼν","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἀλάωσεν","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"ὀλίγος","lemma":"ὀλίγος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οὐτιδανὸς","lemma":"οὐτιδανός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"worthless"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄκικυς","lemma":"ἄκικυς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"feeble","note":"Polyphemus mocks Odysseus with three scornful predicate adjectives, bitter irony given the trick played on him."}]},{"number":516,"label":"516","id":"b9-l516","source":"ὀφθαλμοῦ ἀλάωσεν, ἐπεί μʼ ἐδαμάσσατο οἴνῳ.","translation":"has blinded my eye, after mastering me with wine.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l516.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὀφθαλμοῦ","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἀλάωσεν","gloss":"my eye"},{"surface":"ἀλάωσεν","lemma":"ἀλαόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"blinded"},{"surface":"ἐπεί","lemma":"ἐπεί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"μ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἐδαμάσσατο","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἐδαμάσσατο","lemma":"δαμάζω","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἐπεί","gloss":"overpowered","note":"δαμάζω, 'subdue, master' — Polyphemus blames the wine, not Odysseus' cunning, for his defeat."},{"surface":"οἴνῳ","lemma":"οἶνος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐδαμάσσατο","gloss":"with wine"}]},{"number":517,"label":"517","id":"b9-l517","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρʼ, Ὀδυσεῦ, ἵνα τοι πὰρ ξείνια θείω","translation":"But come here, Odysseus, so I may set guest-gifts before you","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l517.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἄγε","lemma":"ἄγε","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"come now","note":"ἄγε, a fossilized imperative used as an exhortation particle, 'come now!' — common Homeric formula."},{"surface":"δεῦρ","lemma":"δεῦρο","morphology":"adverb","role":"object","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσεῦ","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"ἵνα","lemma":"ἵνα","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"τοι","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"dative singular pronoun","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"πὰρ","lemma":"παρά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"ξείνια","lemma":"ξένιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of θείω","gloss":"guest-gifts"},{"surface":"θείω","lemma":"τίθημι","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"I may set","note":"Aorist subjunctive of τίθημι in a purpose clause with ἵνα — Polyphemus mockingly offers 'guest-gifts.'"}]},{"number":518,"label":"518","id":"b9-l518","source":"πομπήν τʼ ὀτρύνω δόμεναι κλυτὸν ἐννοσίγαιον·","translation":"and urge the famous Earth-shaker to give you safe passage;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l518.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐννοσίγαιον","title":"Earth-shaker","body":"ennosigaios, 'earth-shaker,' is a fixed epithet of Poseidon, here in the accusative as object of the verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"πομπήν","lemma":"πομπή","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of δόμεναι","gloss":"safe passage"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ὀτρύνω","lemma":"ὀτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","role":"adverbial","gloss":"I will urge"},{"surface":"δόμεναι","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of ὀτρύνω","gloss":"to give"},{"surface":"κλυτὸν","lemma":"κλυτός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἐννοσίγαιον","gloss":"famous"},{"surface":"ἐννοσίγαιον","lemma":"Ἐννοσίγαιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of δόμεναι","gloss":"Earth-shaker","note":"Epithet for Poseidon, ἐννοσίγαιος 'earth-shaker' — cruel irony, since Poseidon is the god who will hound Odysseus."}]},{"number":519,"label":"519","id":"b9-l519","source":"τοῦ γὰρ ἐγὼ πάϊς εἰμί, πατὴρ δʼ ἐμὸς εὔχεται εἶναι.","translation":"for I am his son, and he claims to be my father.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l519.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies πάϊς","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ἐγὼ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εἰμί","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"πάϊς","lemma":"παῖς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"εἰμί","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"εὔχεται","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"claims","note":"εὔχομαι, 'boast/claim' — Poseidon's paternity of Polyphemus is the key plot fact driving his revenge."},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of εὔχεται","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":520,"label":"520","id":"b9-l520","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσʼ, ἰήσεται, οὐδέ τις ἄλλος","translation":"He himself, if he wishes, will heal me, and no one else,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l520.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὸς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"he himself"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"κ","lemma":"ἄν","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(modal particle)"},{"surface":"ἐθέλῃσ","lemma":"ἐθέλω","morphology":"present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to αἴ","gloss":"he wishes"},{"surface":"ἰήσεται","lemma":"ἰάομαι","morphology":"future perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will heal","note":"Rare future perfect middle form ἰήσεται — vivid emphatic future, 'will indeed heal.'"}]},{"number":521,"label":"521","id":"b9-l521","source":"οὔτε θεῶν μακάρων οὔτε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων.","translation":"neither of the blessed gods nor of mortal men.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l521.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"neither"},{"surface":"θεῶν","lemma":"θεός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"of gods"},{"surface":"μακάρων","lemma":"μάκαρος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies θεῶν","gloss":"blessed"},{"surface":"οὔτε","lemma":"οὔτε","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"θνητῶν","lemma":"θνητός","morphology":"genitive plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἀνθρώπων","gloss":"mortal"},{"surface":"ἀνθρώπων","lemma":"ἄνθρωπος","morphology":"genitive plural masculine noun","role":"modifies οὔ","gloss":"of men"}]},{"number":522,"label":"522","id":"b9-l522","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγώ μιν ἀμειβόμενος\n                     προσέειπον·","translation":"So he spoke, and I answered him, saying:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l522.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὥς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατʼ","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"ἔφατʼ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"spoke, said","note":"Homeric middle form of φημί functions as an ordinary active 'said, spoke.'"},{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"αὐτάρ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and, but then"},{"surface":"ἐγώ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of προσέειπον","gloss":"I (Odysseus)"},{"surface":"μιν","lemma":"μιν","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of προσέειπον","gloss":"him (the Cyclops)","note":"Enclitic Homeric third-person pronoun with no nominative form."},{"surface":"ἀμειβόμενος","lemma":"ἀμείβω","morphology":"present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to προσέειπον","gloss":"answering, in reply"},{"surface":"προσέειπον","lemma":"προσεῖπον","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"addressed, spoke to","note":"Epic unaugmented 2nd-aorist form, used as the aorist of πρόσφημι/προσαγορεύω."}]},{"number":523,"label":"523","id":"b9-l523","source":"αἲ γὰρ δὴ ψυχῆς τε καὶ αἰῶνός σε δυναίμην","translation":"\"If only I could rob you of your life and your days","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l523.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ψυχῆς τε καὶ αἰῶνός","title":"life and lifetime","body":"psychē (life-breath) and aiōn (life-span) together mean the whole of one's living existence, which Odysseus wishes he could strip away."}],"words":[{"surface":"αἲ","lemma":"αἴ","morphology":"interjection","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"oh that, if only","note":"With γάρ forms the fixed wish idiom 'αἲ γάρ,' introducing an unrealizable wish."},{"surface":"γὰρ","lemma":"γάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ψυχῆς","lemma":"ψυχή","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of εὖνιν","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἰῶνός","lemma":"αἰών","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὖνιν","gloss":"vital spirit, days of life"},{"surface":"σε","lemma":"σύ","morphology":"accusative singular pronoun","role":"object of ποιήσας","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"δυναίμην","lemma":"δύναμαι","morphology":"present middle optative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I could, might be able","note":"Wish optative reinforced by αἲ γάρ, 'would that I could.'"}]},{"number":524,"label":"524","id":"b9-l524","source":"εὖνιν ποιήσας πέμψαι δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω,","translation":"and send you into the house of Hades,","scansion":"—— | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l524.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὖνιν","lemma":"εὖνις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"complement of ποιήσας","gloss":"bereft, deprived","note":"Predicate adjective agreeing with σε; governs the genitives of separation ψυχῆς and αἰῶνός in the previous line, 'having made you bereft of life and days.'"},{"surface":"ποιήσας","lemma":"ποιέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having made"},{"surface":"πέμψαι","lemma":"πέμπω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"complement of δυναίμην","gloss":"to send"},{"surface":"δόμον","lemma":"δόμος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to πέμψαι","gloss":"house, home"},{"surface":"Ἄϊδος","lemma":"Ἅιδης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἴσω","gloss":"Hades"},{"surface":"εἴσω","lemma":"εἴσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"preposition","gloss":"into","note":"Functions here as a postpositive preposition governing the genitive, 'into [the house] of Hades.'"}]},{"number":525,"label":"525","id":"b9-l525","source":"ὡς οὐκ ὀφθαλμόν γʼ ἰήσεται οὐδʼ ἐνοσίχθων.","translation":"as surely as not even the Earth-shaker will heal your eye.\"","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l525.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"as, just as"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἰήσεται","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ὀφθαλμόν","lemma":"ὀφθαλμός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἰήσεται","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"γʼ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"at least"},{"surface":"ἰήσεται","lemma":"ἰάομαι","morphology":"future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"will heal"},{"surface":"οὐδʼ","lemma":"οὐδέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not even"},{"surface":"ἐνοσίχθων","lemma":"Ἐνοσίχθων","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἰήσεται","gloss":"the Earth-shaker","note":"Homeric epithet of Poseidon, 'Earth-shaker.'"}]},{"number":526,"label":"526","id":"b9-l526","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι","translation":"So I spoke, and then to lord Poseidon","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l526.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὥς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐφάμην","gloss":"thus, so"},{"surface":"ἐφάμην","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I spoke, said"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of εὔχετο","gloss":"he (the Cyclops)","note":"The article used as a demonstrative pronoun, common in Homer."},{"surface":"δʼ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔπειτα","lemma":"ἔπειτα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εὔχετο","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"Ποσειδάωνι","lemma":"Ποσειδάων","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εὔχετο","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"ἄνακτι","lemma":"ἄναξ","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ποσειδάωνι","gloss":"lord"}]},{"number":527,"label":"527","id":"b9-l527","source":"εὔχετο χεῖρʼ ὀρέγων εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα·","translation":"he prayed, stretching his hands to the starry sky:","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l527.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εὔχετο","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"prayed"},{"surface":"χεῖρʼ","lemma":"χείρ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὀρέγων","gloss":"hand","note":"Singular in Greek ('his hand'); this edition's translation renders it as plural 'hands' for natural English."},{"surface":"ὀρέγων","lemma":"ὀρέγω","morphology":"present active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"stretching, reaching out"},{"surface":"εἰς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to, toward"},{"surface":"οὐρανὸν","lemma":"οὐρανός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of εἰς","gloss":"sky, heaven"},{"surface":"ἀστερόεντα","lemma":"ἀστερόεις","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οὐρανὸν","gloss":"starry"}]},{"number":528,"label":"528","id":"b9-l528","source":"κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον γαιήοχε κυανοχαῖτα,","translation":"\"Hear me, Poseidon, dark-haired holder of the earth,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l528.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"κλῦθι","title":"Aorist imperative","body":"κλῦθι ('hear!') is an aorist imperative, the form regular at the start of prayers, calling for immediate attention."}],"words":[{"surface":"κλῦθι","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"hear!"},{"surface":"Ποσείδαον","lemma":"Ποσειδάων","morphology":"vocative singular masculine noun","role":"governed by an elided head","gloss":"Poseidon"},{"surface":"γαιήοχε","lemma":"γαιήοχος","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποσείδαον","gloss":"holder of the earth"},{"surface":"κυανοχαῖτα","lemma":"κυανοχαίτης","morphology":"vocative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ποσείδαον","gloss":"dark-haired one"}]},{"number":529,"label":"529","id":"b9-l529","source":"εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι, πατὴρ δʼ ἐμὸς εὔχεαι εἶναι,","translation":"if I am truly yours, and you claim to be my father,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l529.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"εἰ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ἐτεόν","lemma":"ἐτεόν","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἰμι","gloss":"truly, really"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"σός","lemma":"σός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"yours"},{"surface":"εἰμι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I am"},{"surface":"πατὴρ","lemma":"πατήρ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"δʼ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμὸς","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies πατὴρ","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"εὔχεαι","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"you claim, declare"},{"surface":"εἶναι","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"complement of εὔχεαι","gloss":"to be"}]},{"number":530,"label":"530","id":"b9-l530","source":"δὸς μὴ Ὀδυσσῆα πτολιπόρθιον οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι","translation":"grant that Odysseus the sacker of cities never reach his home,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l530.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὸς","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"grant, give"},{"surface":"μὴ","lemma":"μή","morphology":"conjunction","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ὀδυσσῆα","lemma":"Ὀδυσσεύς","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"Odysseus"},{"surface":"πτολιπόρθιον","lemma":"πτολιπόρθιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆα","gloss":"sacker of cities"},{"surface":"οἴκαδʼ","lemma":"οἴκαδε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"homeward"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"complement of δὸς","gloss":"to reach, arrive at"}]},{"number":531,"label":"531","id":"b9-l531","source":"υἱὸν Λαέρτεω, Ἰθάκῃ ἔνι οἰκίʼ ἔχοντα.","translation":"the son of Laertes, whose home is in Ithaca.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l531.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"υἱὸν","lemma":"υἱός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ὀδυσσῆα","gloss":"son"},{"surface":"Λαέρτεω","lemma":"Λαέρτης","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"Laertes"},{"surface":"Ἰθάκῃ","lemma":"Ἰθάκη","morphology":"dative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἔνι","gloss":"Ithaca"},{"surface":"ἔνι","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in","note":"Poetic form of ἐν, placed after its noun (anastrophe): 'Ἰθάκῃ ἔνι' = 'ἐν Ἰθάκῃ.'"},{"surface":"οἰκίʼ","lemma":"οἰκίον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔχοντα","gloss":"home, house"},{"surface":"ἔχοντα","lemma":"ἔχω","morphology":"present active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"modifies υἱὸν","gloss":"having, whose home is"}]},{"number":532,"label":"532","id":"b9-l532","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴ οἱ μοῖρʼ ἐστὶ φίλους τʼ ἰδέειν καὶ ἱκέσθαι","translation":"But if it is his fate to see his loved ones and reach","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l532.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλʼ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"εἴ","lemma":"εἰ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ἕ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"modifies μοῖρʼ","gloss":"his, to him"},{"surface":"μοῖρʼ","lemma":"μοῖρα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐστὶ","gloss":"fate, destiny"},{"surface":"ἐστὶ","lemma":"εἰμί","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"φίλους","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἰδέειν","gloss":"loved ones"},{"surface":"τʼ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἰδέειν","lemma":"εἶδον","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to see"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"predicate noun","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":533,"label":"533","id":"b9-l533","source":"οἶκον ἐυκτίμενον καὶ ἑὴν ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,","translation":"his well-built house and his native land,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l533.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἶκον","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"house"},{"surface":"ἐυκτίμενον","lemma":"ἐυκτίμενος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine adjective","role":"modifies οἶκον","gloss":"well-built"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑὴν","lemma":"ἑός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"his own"},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"πατρίδα","lemma":"πατρίς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies γαῖαν","gloss":"native"},{"surface":"γαῖαν","lemma":"γαῖα","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐς","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":534,"label":"534","id":"b9-l534","source":"ὀψὲ κακῶς ἔλθοι, ὀλέσας ἄπο πάντας ἑταίρους,","translation":"let him come late and in misery, having lost all his companions,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l534.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔλθοι","title":"Optative of wish","body":"ἔλθοι is an optative expressing a wish or prayer: 'may he come late and badly.' The optative is the standard mood for prayers."}],"words":[{"surface":"ὀψὲ","lemma":"ὀψέ","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"late"},{"surface":"κακῶς","lemma":"κακός","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"in misery, badly"},{"surface":"ἔλθοι","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him come, may he come"},{"surface":"ὀλέσας","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔλθοι","gloss":"having lost"},{"surface":"ἄπο","lemma":"ἀπό","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ὀλέσας","gloss":"away, utterly","note":"Used adverbially with ὀλέσας (in effect = ἀπολέσας, 'utterly lost'); the accent shift (ἄπο for ἀπό) marks this postpositive use."},{"surface":"πάντας","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσας","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":535,"label":"535","id":"b9-l535","source":"νηὸς ἐπʼ ἀλλοτρίης, εὕροι δʼ ἐν πήματα οἴκῳ.","translation":"on another man's ship, and find troubles in his house.\"","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l535.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπʼ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἐπʼ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on, upon"},{"surface":"ἀλλοτρίης","lemma":"ἀλλότριος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"another's, foreign"},{"surface":"εὕροι","lemma":"εὑρίσκω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"let him find, may he find"},{"surface":"δʼ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"πήματα","lemma":"πῆμα","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of εὕροι","gloss":"troubles, sufferings"},{"surface":"οἴκῳ","lemma":"οἶκος","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":536,"label":"536","id":"b9-l536","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε\n                     κυανοχαίτης.","translation":"So he spoke in prayer, and the dark-haired god heard him.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l536.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ἔφατ","lemma":"φημί","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he spoke"},{"surface":"εὐχόμενος","lemma":"εὔχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔφατ᾽","gloss":"praying","note":"Polyphemus' words to Poseidon are framed as a prayer (εὐχόμενος), setting up the god's answering response."},{"surface":"τοῦ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἔκλυε","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔκλυε","lemma":"κλύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"κυανοχαίτης","lemma":"κυανοχαίτης","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of ἔκλυε","gloss":"dark-haired one","note":"κυανοχαίτης, 'dark-haired,' a standing epithet for Poseidon as sea-god."}]},{"number":537,"label":"537","id":"b9-l537","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἐξαῦτις πολὺ μείζονα λᾶαν ἀείρας","translation":"Then once more he lifted a stone far larger than the first","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l537.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτὰρ","lemma":"ἀτάρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἧκ᾽","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γ","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"(emphatic)"},{"surface":"ἐξαῦτις","lemma":"ἐξαῦτις","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἧκ᾽","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"πολὺ","lemma":"πολύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"far","note":"πολύ used adverbially with the comparative μείζονα, 'far greater/bigger.'"},{"surface":"μείζονα","lemma":"μέγας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","role":"modifies λᾶαν","gloss":"bigger"},{"surface":"λᾶαν","lemma":"λᾶας","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἧκ᾽","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"ἀείρας","lemma":"ἀείρω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκ᾽","gloss":"lifting"}]},{"number":538,"label":"538","id":"b9-l538","source":"ἧκʼ ἐπιδινήσας, ἐπέρεισε δὲ ἶνʼ ἀπέλεθρον,","translation":"and hurled it, whirling it, and put boundless force behind it,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l538.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἧκ","lemma":"ἵημι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"he hurled"},{"surface":"ἐπιδινήσας","lemma":"ἐπιδινέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἧκ᾽","gloss":"whirling","note":"ἐπιδινέω, 'spin/whirl around' — vivid image of Polyphemus winding up before the throw."},{"surface":"ἐπέρεισε","lemma":"ἐπερείδω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"put behind"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἶν","lemma":"ἴς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπέρεισε","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"ἀπέλεθρον","lemma":"ἀπέλεθρος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἶν᾽","gloss":"boundless"}]},{"number":539,"label":"539","id":"b9-l539","source":"κὰδʼ δʼ ἔβαλεν μετόπισθε νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο","translation":"and threw it down behind the dark-prowed ship,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l539.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"κὰδ","lemma":"κατά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἔβαλεν","lemma":"βάλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"threw"},{"surface":"μετόπισθε","lemma":"μετόπισθε","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"νεὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of μετόπισθε","gloss":"of the ship"},{"surface":"κυανοπρῴροιο","lemma":"κυανόπρῳρος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νεὸς","gloss":"dark-prowed","note":"κυανόπρῳρος, 'dark-prowed,' a formulaic Homeric epithet for ships."}]},{"number":540,"label":"540","id":"b9-l540","source":"τυτθόν, ἐδεύησεν δʼ οἰήιον ἄκρον ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"barely; it just missed striking the tip of the steering-oar.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l540.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τυτθόν","lemma":"τυτθός","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"adverbial to ἔβαλεν","gloss":"barely"},{"surface":"ἐδεύησεν","lemma":"δεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"it fell short","note":"δεύω + infinitive, 'lack/fall short of (doing)' — idiom for 'just missed.'"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"οἰήιον","lemma":"οἰήιον","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"steering-oar"},{"surface":"ἄκρον","lemma":"ἄκρος","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"tip"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of ἐδεύησεν","gloss":"of reaching"}]},{"number":541,"label":"541","id":"b9-l541","source":"ἐκλύσθη δὲ θάλασσα κατερχομένης ὑπὸ πέτρης·","translation":"The sea surged up as the rock came down into it,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l541.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκλύσθη","lemma":"κλύζω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"surged up"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"θάλασσα","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of ἐκλύσθη","gloss":"the sea"},{"surface":"κατερχομένης","lemma":"κατέρχομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"coming down","note":"Genitive absolute (κατερχομένης ... πέτρης): 'as the rock came down' — a self-contained circumstantial clause."},{"surface":"ὑπὸ","lemma":"ὑπό","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"πέτρης","lemma":"πέτρα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ὑπὸ","gloss":"the rock"}]},{"number":542,"label":"542","id":"b9-l542","source":"τὴν δὲ πρόσω φέρε κῦμα, θέμωσε δὲ χέρσον ἱκέσθαι.","translation":"and the wave bore the ship forward and forced it to reach the land.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l542.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular feminine pronoun","role":"object of φέρε","gloss":"it (the ship)"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρόσω","lemma":"πρόσω","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to φέρε","gloss":"forward"},{"surface":"φέρε","lemma":"φέρω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"bore"},{"surface":"κῦμα","lemma":"κῦμα","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of φέρε","gloss":"the wave"},{"surface":"θέμωσε","lemma":"θεμόω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"forced","note":"θεμόω, rare verb 'compel/force' — used only here in Homer, driving the ship onto land."},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"χέρσον","lemma":"χέρσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἱκέσθαι","gloss":"the land"},{"surface":"ἱκέσθαι","lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle infinitive","role":"object of θέμωσε","gloss":"to reach"}]},{"number":543,"label":"543","id":"b9-l543","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὴν νῆσον ἀφικόμεθʼ, ἔνθα περ\n                     ἄλλαι","translation":"But when we came to the island, where the other","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l543.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"adverb","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅτε","lemma":"ὅτε","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"τὴν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"article","role":"modifies νῆσον","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"νῆσον","lemma":"νῆσος","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἀφικόμεθ᾽","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ἀφικόμεθ","lemma":"ἀφικνέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅτε","gloss":"we reached"},{"surface":"ἔνθα","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δ᾽","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"περ","lemma":"πέρ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἄλλαι","lemma":"ἄλλος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"the other"}]},{"number":544,"label":"544","id":"b9-l544","source":"νῆες ἐύσσελμοι μένον ἁθρόαι, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι","translation":"well-benched ships were waiting all together, and around them our companions","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l544.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of μένον","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐύσσελμοι","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"well-benched","note":"εὔσελμος, stock Homeric epithet for ships, 'having good rowing-benches.'"},{"surface":"μένον","lemma":"μένω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"were waiting"},{"surface":"ἁθρόαι","lemma":"ἀθρόος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"all together"},{"surface":"ἀμφὶ","lemma":"ἀμφί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥατ᾽","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of ἥατ᾽","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":545,"label":"545","id":"b9-l545","source":"ἥατʼ ὀδυρόμενοι, ἡμέας ποτιδέγμενοι αἰεί,","translation":"sat lamenting, ever watching for us,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l545.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥατ","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"perfect indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"verb of a clause describing δ᾽","gloss":"were sitting","note":"ἧμαι, 'sit/be seated' — perfect in form but present in sense, describing the crew's long vigil."},{"surface":"ὀδυρόμενοι","lemma":"ὀδύρομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"lamenting"},{"surface":"ἡμέας","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"accusative plural masculine pronoun","role":"object of ποτιδέγμενοι","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"ποτιδέγμενοι","lemma":"προσδέχομαι","morphology":"aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"watching for","note":"προσδέχομαι, 'wait expectantly for' — the anxious crew scanning the horizon for their comrades' return."},{"surface":"αἰεί","lemma":"ἀεί","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ποτιδέγμενοι","gloss":"always"}]},{"number":546,"label":"546","id":"b9-l546","source":"νῆα μὲν ἔνθʼ ἐλθόντες ἐκέλσαμεν ἐν ψαμάθοισιν,","translation":"coming there we ran the ship aground on the sand,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l546.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆα","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκέλσαμεν","gloss":"the ship"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"ἔνθ","lemma":"ἔνθα","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of ἐλθόντες","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ἐλθόντες","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλσαμεν","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"ἐκέλσαμεν","lemma":"κέλλω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we beached"},{"surface":"ἐν","lemma":"ἐν","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ψαμάθοισιν","lemma":"ψάμαθος","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐν","gloss":"the sands"}]},{"number":547,"label":"547","id":"b9-l547","source":"ἐκ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βῆμεν ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης.","translation":"and we ourselves stepped out onto the breaking surf of the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l547.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"αὐτοὶ","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"βῆμεν","lemma":"βαίνω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we stepped"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"ῥηγμῖνι","lemma":"ῥηγμίν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"the breaking surf"},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥηγμῖνι","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":548,"label":"548","id":"b9-l548","source":"μῆλα δὲ Κύκλωπος γλαφυρῆς ἐκ νηὸς ἑλόντες","translation":"Then taking the Cyclops' sheep from the hollow ship","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l548.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μῆλα","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of δασσάμεθ᾽","gloss":"sheep"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Κύκλωπος","lemma":"Κύκλωψ","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"modifies μῆλα","gloss":"of the Cyclops"},{"surface":"γλαφυρῆς","lemma":"γλαφυρός","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies νηὸς","gloss":"hollow","note":"γλαφυρός, 'hollow,' a standard formulaic epithet for ships in Homer."},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"νηὸς","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"ship"},{"surface":"ἑλόντες","lemma":"αἱρέω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to δασσάμεθ᾽","gloss":"taking"}]},{"number":549,"label":"549","id":"b9-l549","source":"δασσάμεθʼ, ὡς μή τίς μοι ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης.","translation":"we divided them, so that none might leave cheated of an equal share.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l549.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δασσάμεθ","lemma":"δατέομαι","morphology":"aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we divided"},{"surface":"ὡς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"μή","lemma":"μή","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"τίς","lemma":"τις","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of κίοι","gloss":"anyone"},{"surface":"μοι","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ἀτεμβόμενος","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"ἀτεμβόμενος","lemma":"ἀτέμβω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to κίοι","gloss":"cheated of","note":"ἀτέμβω, 'deprive/cheat of' — expresses Odysseus' concern for a fair division of the spoils."},{"surface":"κίοι","lemma":"κίω","morphology":"aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ὡς","gloss":"might go","note":"Aorist optative in a purpose clause (ὡς μή ... κίοι), 'so that no one might go away.'"},{"surface":"ἴσης","lemma":"ἴσος","morphology":"genitive singular feminine adjective","role":"object of ἀτεμβόμενος","gloss":"equal share"}]},{"number":550,"label":"550","id":"b9-l550","source":"ἀρνειὸν δʼ ἐμοὶ οἴῳ ἐυκνήμιδες ἑταῖροι","translation":"But the ram my well-greaved companions gave to me alone,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l550.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἐυκνήμιδες","title":"Well-greaved","body":"euknēmides, 'well-greaved' (wearing fine shin-armor), is a recurring epithet of the Achaeans/companions. It agrees with ἑταῖροι in the nominative."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἀρνειὸν","lemma":"ἀρνειός","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"ram"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"dative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of δόσαν","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"οἴῳ","lemma":"οἶος","morphology":"dative singular masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"ἐυκνήμιδες","lemma":"ἐυκνήμις","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"well-greaved","note":"ἐυκνήμις, 'well-greaved,' formulaic epithet for Achaean warriors' companions."},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of δόσαν","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":551,"label":"551","id":"b9-l551","source":"μήλων δαιομένων δόσαν ἔξοχα· τὸν δʼ ἐπὶ θινὶ","translation":"as the sheep were shared out, they gave it to me as a special honor; and on the shore","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l551.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"μήλων","lemma":"μῆλον","morphology":"genitive plural neuter noun","role":"subject of δαιομένων","gloss":"of the sheep"},{"surface":"δαιομένων","lemma":"δαίω","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, genitive plural neuter","role":"adverbial to δόσαν","gloss":"being divided"},{"surface":"δόσαν","lemma":"δίδωμι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"they gave"},{"surface":"ἔξοχα","lemma":"ἔξοχος","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to δόσαν","gloss":"as a special honor","note":"ἔξοχα, 'preeminently, above the rest' — marks Odysseus' ram as a leader's special prize."},{"surface":"τὸν","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"accusative singular masculine pronoun","role":"object of ῥέξας","gloss":"it (the ram)"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"θινὶ","lemma":"θίς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the shore"}]},{"number":552,"label":"552","id":"b9-l552","source":"Ζηνὶ κελαινεφέι Κρονίδῃ, ὃς πᾶσιν ἀνάσσει,","translation":"to Zeus of the dark clouds, son of Cronos, who is lord over all,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l552.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ζηνὶ","lemma":"Ζεύς","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"object of ῥέξας","gloss":"to Zeus"},{"surface":"κελαινεφέι","lemma":"κελαινεφής","morphology":"dative singular adjective","role":"modifies Ζηνὶ","gloss":"dark-clouded","note":"κελαινεφής, 'wrapped in dark clouds,' a standing epithet of Zeus."},{"surface":"Κρονίδῃ","lemma":"Κρονίδης","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"modifies Ζηνὶ","gloss":"son of Cronos"},{"surface":"ὃς","lemma":"ὅς","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"πᾶσιν","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"dative plural masculine adjective","role":"object of ἀνάσσει","gloss":"over all"},{"surface":"ἀνάσσει","lemma":"ἀνάσσω","morphology":"present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"verb of a clause describing Ζηνὶ","gloss":"is lord"}]},{"number":553,"label":"553","id":"b9-l553","source":"ῥέξας μηρίʼ ἔκαιον· ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἐμπάζετο ἱρῶν,","translation":"I made sacrifice and burned the thigh-pieces; but he paid no heed to the offerings,","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l553.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ἔκαιον","title":"Imperfect of ritual","body":"The imperfect ekaion (\"was burning\") views the sacrifice as an ongoing action, a vivid scene rather than a single completed event."}],"words":[{"surface":"ῥέξας","lemma":"ῥέζω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἔκαιον","gloss":"sacrificing"},{"surface":"μηρί","lemma":"μηρία","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of ἔκαιον","gloss":"thigh-pieces"},{"surface":"ἔκαιον","lemma":"καίω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"I burned"},{"surface":"ὁ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐμπάζετο","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"οὐκ","lemma":"οὐ","morphology":"adverb","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ἐμπάζετο","lemma":"ἐμπάζομαι","morphology":"imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"paid heed","note":"ἐμπάζομαι + genitive, 'take notice of' — Zeus ignores Odysseus' sacrifice, foreshadowing more suffering to come."},{"surface":"ἱρῶν","lemma":"ἱερός","morphology":"genitive plural neuter adjective","role":"object of ἐμπάζετο","gloss":"the offerings"}]},{"number":554,"label":"554","id":"b9-l554","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε μερμήριξεν ὅπως ἀπολοίατο πᾶσαι","translation":"but instead he was pondering how they might all be destroyed,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l554.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἀλλ","lemma":"ἀλλά","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ὅ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of μερμήριξεν","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"γε","lemma":"γε","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"μερμήριξεν","lemma":"μερμηρίζω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"was pondering","note":"μερμηρίζω = anxious brooding verb; sets grim tone as Odysseus fears for his fleet."},{"surface":"ὅπως","lemma":"ὅπως","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"ἀπολοίατο","lemma":"ἀπόλλυμι","morphology":"future middle optative, 3rd plural verb","role":"adverbial to ὅπως","gloss":"might be destroyed","note":"ἀπολοίατο: epic 3pl optative (=ἀπόλοιντο), wish/fear clause after ὅπως."},{"surface":"πᾶσαι","lemma":"πᾶς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"all"}]},{"number":555,"label":"555","id":"b9-l555","source":"νῆες ἐύσσελμοι καὶ ἐμοὶ ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι.","translation":"my well-benched ships and my trusty companions.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l555.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"νῆες","lemma":"ναῦς","morphology":"nominative plural feminine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"ships"},{"surface":"ἐύσσελμοι","lemma":"εὔσελμος","morphology":"nominative plural feminine adjective","role":"modifies νῆες","gloss":"well-benched","note":"stock Homeric epithet for ships (good rowing-benches), formulaic filler."},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐμοὶ","lemma":"ἐμός","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"ἐρίηρες","lemma":"ἐρίηρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταῖροι","gloss":"trusty","note":"ἐρίηρες = epic intensive prefix ἐρι- + ἦρα ('pleasing'), standard epithet for companions."},{"surface":"ἑταῖροι","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine noun","role":"subject of καὶ","gloss":"companions"}]},{"number":556,"label":"556","id":"b9-l556","source":"ὣς τότε μὲν πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα","translation":"So then for the whole day, until the sun went down,","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l556.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ὣς","lemma":"ὡς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθα","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"μὲν","lemma":"μέν","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"πρόπαν","lemma":"πρόπας","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies ἦμαρ","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"ἦμαρ","lemma":"ἦμαρ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθα","gloss":"day","note":"ἦμαρ, accusative of extent of time — 'for the whole day', no preposition needed."},{"surface":"ἐς","lemma":"εἰς","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ἠέλιον","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"accusative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐς","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"καταδύντα","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"having set","note":"καταδύντα agrees with ἠέλιον: 'the sun having gone down', a common Homeric time-formula."}]},{"number":557,"label":"557","id":"b9-l557","source":"ἥμεθα δαινύμενοι κρέα τʼ ἄσπετα καὶ μέθυ ἡδύ·","translation":"we sat feasting on endless meat and sweet wine.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l557.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἥμεθα","lemma":"ἧμαι","morphology":"pluperfect middle indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sat","note":"ἥμεθα is pluperfect in form but used as a simple past ('we sat/were sitting'), typical of ἧμαι."},{"surface":"δαινύμενοι","lemma":"δαίνυμι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ἥμεθα","gloss":"feasting"},{"surface":"κρέα","lemma":"κρέας","morphology":"accusative plural neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"meat"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἄσπετα","lemma":"ἄσπετος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"modifies κρέα","gloss":"endless"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"μέθυ","lemma":"μέθυ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of καὶ","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"ἡδύ","lemma":"ἡδύς","morphology":"accusative singular neuter adjective","role":"modifies μέθυ","gloss":"sweet"}]},{"number":558,"label":"558","id":"b9-l558","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος κατέδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθε,","translation":"But when the sun set and the darkness came on,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l558.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἠέλιος","lemma":"ἠέλιος","morphology":"nominative singular masculine noun","role":"subject of κατέδυ","gloss":"the sun"},{"surface":"κατέδυ","lemma":"καταδύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"set"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"κνέφας","lemma":"κνέφας","morphology":"nominative singular neuter noun","role":"subject of ἦλθε","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"ἦλθε","lemma":"ἔρχομαι","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to καὶ","gloss":"came","note":"ἦλθε, root aorist of ἔρχομαι, common suppletive form for 'came'."}]},{"number":559,"label":"559","id":"b9-l559","source":"δὴ τότε κοιμήθημεν ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης.","translation":"then we lay down to sleep on the breaking surf of the sea.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l559.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"τότε","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to κοιμήθημεν","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"κοιμήθημεν","lemma":"κοιμάω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we lay down to sleep","note":"κοιμήθημεν, aorist passive of κοιμάω used reflexively/intransitively: 'we went to sleep'."},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ῥηγμῖνι","lemma":"ῥηγμίν","morphology":"dative singular masculine noun","role":"adverbial to ἐπὶ","gloss":"the surf-line","note":"ῥηγμίν = the line where waves break on shore; vivid image of sleeping right at the tideline."},{"surface":"θαλάσσης","lemma":"θάλασσα","morphology":"genitive singular feminine noun","role":"modifies ῥηγμῖνι","gloss":"of the sea"}]},{"number":560,"label":"560","id":"b9-l560","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,","translation":"And when early-born, rosy-fingered Dawn appeared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l560.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἦμος","lemma":"ἦμος","morphology":"conjunction","role":"subordinating conjunction","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ἠριγένεια","lemma":"ἠριγένεια","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"early-born","note":"ἠριγένεια, epithet of Dawn ('born at dawn/early'), part of the fixed rosy-fingered-Dawn formula."},{"surface":"φάνη","lemma":"φαίνω","morphology":"aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","role":"adverbial to ἦμος","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","lemma":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος","morphology":"nominative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies Ἠώς","gloss":"rosy-fingered","note":"ῥοδοδάκτυλος: the famous Homeric epithet for Dawn, formulaic line-opener across the epics."},{"surface":"Ἠώς","lemma":"ἠώς","morphology":"nominative singular feminine noun","role":"subject of φάνη","gloss":"Dawn"}]},{"number":561,"label":"561","id":"b9-l561","source":"δὴ τότʼ ἐγὼν ἑτάροισιν ἐποτρύνας ἐκέλευσα","translation":"then I urged my companions on and gave the order","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l561.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"δὴ","lemma":"δή","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"then indeed"},{"surface":"τότ","lemma":"τότε","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ἐγὼν","lemma":"ἐγώ","morphology":"nominative singular masculine pronoun","role":"subject of ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ἑτάροισιν","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"dative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"companions"},{"surface":"ἐποτρύνας","lemma":"ἐποτρύνω","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","role":"adverbial to ἐκέλευσα","gloss":"having roused","note":"ἐποτρύνας, aorist participle preceding main verb: 'having urged (them) on, I ordered'."},{"surface":"ἐκέλευσα","lemma":"κελεύω","morphology":"aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"ordered"}]},{"number":562,"label":"562","id":"b9-l562","source":"αὐτούς τʼ ἀμβαίνειν ἀνά τε πρυμνήσια λῦσαι·","translation":"for them to climb aboard and loose the stern-cables;","scansion":"—— | —— | —⏑⏑ | —— | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l562.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"αὐτούς","lemma":"αὐτός","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"circumstantial complement","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"τ","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἀμβαίνειν","lemma":"ἀναβαίνω","morphology":"present active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to board","note":"ἀμβαίνειν, epic apocope/assimilation of ἀναβαίνειν (ἀνα- > ἀμ- before β)."},{"surface":"ἀνά","lemma":"ἀνά","morphology":"preposition","role":"emphasizing particle","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"τε","lemma":"τε","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"πρυμνήσια","lemma":"πρυμνήσιος","morphology":"accusative plural neuter adjective","role":"object of λῦσαι","gloss":"stern-cables"},{"surface":"λῦσαι","lemma":"λύω","morphology":"aorist active infinitive","role":"object of τε","gloss":"to loose","note":"ἀνά...λῦσαι is tmesis: preposition ἀνά separated from λῦσαι, a classic Homeric split-compound."}]},{"number":563,"label":"563","id":"b9-l563","source":"οἱ δʼ αἶψʼ εἴσβαινον καὶ ἐπὶ κληῖσι καθῖζον,","translation":"and they quickly embarked and sat down at the oarlocks,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l563.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"οἱ","lemma":"ὁ","morphology":"nominative plural masculine pronoun","role":"subject of δ᾽","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"αἶψ","lemma":"αἶψα","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to εἴσβαινον","gloss":"quickly"},{"surface":"εἴσβαινον","lemma":"εἰσβαίνω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"embarked"},{"surface":"καὶ","lemma":"καί","morphology":"conjunction","role":"sentence particle","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἐπὶ","lemma":"ἐπί","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"κληῖσι","lemma":"κλείς","morphology":"dative plural feminine noun","role":"object of ἐπὶ","gloss":"oarlocks","note":"κληῖσι, dative plural of κλείς here meaning the thole-pins/rowlocks, not 'keys'."},{"surface":"καθῖζον","lemma":"καθίζω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"sat down"}]},{"number":564,"label":"564","id":"b9-l564","source":"ἑξῆς δʼ ἑζόμενοι πολιὴν ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς.","translation":"and sitting in their rows they struck the gray sea with their oars.","scansion":"—— | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l564.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"πολιὴν ἅλα","title":"The gray sea","body":"Polios means \"gray\" or \"grizzled,\" describing the foam-flecked, weathered color of the sea. This is a recurring formula for rowing out."}],"words":[{"surface":"ἑξῆς","lemma":"ἑξῆς","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial to ἑζόμενοι","gloss":"in rows"},{"surface":"δ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ἑζόμενοι","lemma":"ἕζομαι","morphology":"present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to τύπτον","gloss":"sitting"},{"surface":"πολιὴν","lemma":"πολιός","morphology":"accusative singular feminine adjective","role":"modifies ἅλα","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"ἅλα","lemma":"ἅλς","morphology":"accusative singular feminine noun","role":"object of τύπτον","gloss":"sea","note":"ἅλς, the poetic word for 'sea/brine' distinct from θάλασσα, common in nautical formulas."},{"surface":"τύπτον","lemma":"τύπτω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"ἐρετμοῖς","lemma":"ἐρετμόν","morphology":"dative plural neuter noun","role":"adverbial to τύπτον","gloss":"with oars"}]},{"number":565,"label":"565","id":"b9-l565","source":"ἔνθεν δὲ προτέρω πλέομεν ἀκαχήμενοι ἦτορ,","translation":"From there we sailed onward, grieving at heart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l565.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἔνθεν","lemma":"ἔνθεν","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πλέομεν","gloss":"from there"},{"surface":"δὲ","lemma":"δέ","morphology":"particle","role":"coordinating word","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"προτέρω","lemma":"προτέρω","morphology":"adverb","role":"object of πλέομεν","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"πλέομεν","lemma":"πλέω","morphology":"imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","role":"main verb","gloss":"we sailed"},{"surface":"ἀκαχήμενοι","lemma":"ἀχεύω","morphology":"present passive participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"grieving","note":"ἀκαχήμενοι, medio-passive participle of ἀχεύω, expressing a settled state of heartache."},{"surface":"ἦτορ","lemma":"ἦτορ","morphology":"accusative singular neuter noun","role":"object of ἀκαχήμενοι","gloss":"at heart","note":"ἦτορ, accusative of respect: 'grieving in respect to the heart'."}]},{"number":566,"label":"566","id":"b9-l566","source":"ἄσμενοι ἐκ θανάτοιο, φίλους ὀλέσαντες ἑταίρους.","translation":"glad to be out of death's reach, yet having lost our dear companions.","scansion":"—⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —⏑⏑ | —×","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/odyssey/b9-l566.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ἄσμενοι","lemma":"ἄσμενος","morphology":"nominative plural masculine adjective","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"glad"},{"surface":"ἐκ","lemma":"ἐκ","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"θανάτοιο","lemma":"θάνατος","morphology":"genitive singular masculine noun","role":"object of ἐκ","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"φίλους","lemma":"φίλος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine adjective","role":"modifies ἑταίρους","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"ὀλέσαντες","lemma":"ὄλλυμι","morphology":"aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","role":"adverbial to ,","gloss":"having lost"},{"surface":"ἑταίρους","lemma":"ἑταῖρος","morphology":"accusative plural masculine noun","role":"object of ὀλέσαντες","gloss":"companions"}]}]}