{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc"},"letter":"β","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/words/beta","headwords":[{"lemma":"βάζω","count":14,"glosses":["you babble","to speak","babbles","we spoke","you speak","to babble","has been uttered","he spoke","you fling","speak"],"forms":["βάζεις","βάζειν","βάζει","ἐβάζομεν","βέβακται","ἔβαζε","βάζουσι"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active infinitive","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"Perfect passive of βάζω, 'has been spoken,' emphasizing the lingering effect of a harsh word.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.127","id":"b3-l127","source":"οὔτε ποτʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ δίχʼ ἐβάζομεν οὔτʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.32","id":"b4-l32","source":"τὸ πρίν· ἀτὰρ μὲν νῦν γε πάϊς ὣς νήπια βάζεις."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.206","id":"b4-l206","source":"τοίου γὰρ καὶ πατρός, ὃ καὶ πεπνυμένα βάζεις,"}]},{"lemma":"βάλανος","count":2,"glosses":["ilex-mast","acorn"],"forms":["βάλανόν","βάλανον"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.242","id":"b10-l242","source":"πάρ ῥʼ ἄκυλον βάλανόν τε βάλεν καρπόν τε κρανείης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.409","id":"b13-l409","source":"ἔσθουσαι βάλανον μενοεικέα καὶ μέλαν ὕδωρ"}]},{"lemma":"βάλλω","count":155,"glosses":["threw","struck","cast","casting","throwing","throw","he threw","they threw","strike","striking","had struck","having thrown","struck down","hurling","cast, threw","let fall","lay up","lay it","slung","they threw down","he cast/dropped","to let fall","she cast","would let fall","launch","we threw/flung","to throw","were thrown/draped","dashing (me)","I would strike","casting, setting","to hurl","they hurled","to cast","we shot","I threw","she threw","slung, threw","she will put","are strewn","sets","about to shoot","flung","take it","hurl","had been thrown/lay","he slung","put, cast","laid, struck","they cast","turned","pelt","lay, cast","threw about","being pelted","might strike","was striking up","throw at","is struck","you struck","lay, put","put","was thrown","lay it up","would cast","you hit","pelting","put, closed","has struck","struck, hit","striking, hitting","kept striking","be struck","cast about","threw, cast","being struck"],"forms":["βάλε","βάλεν","βάλον","βαλὼν","βάλλεο","βαλέειν","βάλλον","βάλοι","ἔβαλε","βάλετ","ἔβαλλεν","βάλῃ","βάλλων","ἔβαλον","βάλ","βάλλετο","βλημένου","βάλλουσι","βαλών","βάλλομεν","βαλόντες","βαλόντε","βεβλημένος","βάλλε","ἔβαλες","βεβλήκει","βάλλουσιν","βαλοῦσαι","βάλλειν","βεβλήατο","βαλὸν","βάλοιμι","βαλόντας","ἔβαλεν","βαλόμην","βαλέει","ἔβαλλε","βεβλήαται","βάληται","βαλέοντι","βάλλευ","βάλῃσθα","βέβλητο","ἐβάλοντο","βάλλεν","βάλλωσι","βαλλομένοιο","βάλλετ","βλήεται","βαλοῦσ","βάλλετε","βλῆσθαι","βεβλήκειν","βάλλ","βαλλόμενος"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","future active infinitive","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine","pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine","present active infinitive","pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular neuter","aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","future active participle, dative singular masculine","aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","future active participle, nominative singular feminine","present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","aorist medio-passive infinitive","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"βάλε 'cast, threw' is the vivid Homeric verb for sleep descending on someone, more physical than English 'came'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.201","id":"b1-l201","source":"ἀθάνατοι βάλλουσι καὶ ὡς τελέεσθαι ὀίω,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.364","id":"b1-l364","source":"ἡδὺν ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι βάλε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.80","id":"b2-l80","source":"ὣς φάτο χωόμενος, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ"}]},{"lemma":"βάπτω","count":1,"glosses":["dips"],"forms":["βάπτῃ"],"morphology":["present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"present subjunctive in a generalizing/timeless simile clause — 'whenever he dips'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.392","id":"b9-l392","source":"εἰν ὕδατι ψυχρῷ βάπτῃ μεγάλα ἰάχοντα"}]},{"lemma":"βάραθρον","count":1,"glosses":["pit"],"forms":["βερέθρου"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.94","id":"b12-l94","source":"ἔξω δʼ ἐξίσχει κεφαλὰς δεινοῖο βερέθρου,"}]},{"lemma":"βάτος","count":1,"glosses":["brambles"],"forms":["βάτων"],"morphology":["genitive plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.230","id":"b24-l230","source":"χειρῖδάς τʼ ἐπὶ χερσὶ βάτων ἕνεκʼ· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθεν"}]},{"lemma":"βαθύζωνος","count":1,"glosses":["deep-girdled"],"forms":["βαθυζώνους"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"βαθύζωνος, epithet for women describing a long belted robe","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.154","id":"b3-l154","source":"κτήματά τʼ ἐντιθέμεσθα βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας."}]},{"lemma":"βαθύρροος","count":2,"glosses":["deep-flowing","deep-streamed"],"forms":["βαθυρρόου"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":"βαθυρρόου: compound epithet for Okeanos, the mythic river encircling the world, marking the edge of the known earth.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.13","id":"b11-l13","source":"ἡ δʼ ἐς πείραθʼ ἵκανε βαθυρρόου Ὠκεανοῖο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.434","id":"b19-l434","source":"ἐξ ἀκαλαρρείταο βαθυρρόου Ὠκεανοῖο,"}]},{"lemma":"βαθύς","count":7,"glosses":["deep","thick","deep, thick"],"forms":["βαθείης","βαθείῃ","βαθὺ","βαθεῖ","βαθεῖαν"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.116","id":"b6-l116","source":"ἀμφιπόλου μὲν ἅμαρτε, βαθείῃ δʼ ἔμβαλε δίνῃ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.134","id":"b9-l134","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄροσις λείη· μάλα κεν βαθὺ λήιον αἰεὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.144","id":"b9-l144","source":"ἀὴρ γὰρ περὶ νηυσὶ βαθεῖʼ ἦν, οὐδὲ σελήνη"}]},{"lemma":"βαθυδίνης","count":1,"glosses":["deep-eddying"],"forms":["βαθυδίνῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"Stock Homeric epithet for Ocean, the river encircling the world.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.511","id":"b10-l511","source":"νῆα μὲν αὐτοῦ κέλσαι ἐπʼ Ὠκεανῷ βαθυδίνῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"βαίνω","count":183,"glosses":["went","had gone","he went","they went","stepped","she went","stepping","I went","walked","having gone","we stepped","we went","mounted","having stepped","boarding","has gone","he set off","climbed aboard","set off","went, walked","set out","departed","went aboard","went, departed","they mounted","went, set out","straddling","climbed","we went ashore","I boarded","I set out","we put aboard","we went aboard","had crossed","he set out","set foot","we set out","to have gone","had moved","climbed, boarded","were mounting","stepped out","standing over","had strode","went, set off","was stepping","would have gone","went away","the two went"],"forms":["βῆ","ἔβη","βεβήκει","ἔβαν","βάντες","βῆμεν","βὰν","βαῖνε","ἔβαινον","βῆν","ἐβήσετο","βήτην","βάν","βήμεναι","βαῖν","βάντα","βὰς","ἔβησαν","βῆσαν","βήσετο","βαίνοντ","βεβαῶτα","βάντε","βάνθ","ἔβην","ἐβήσαμεν","βαίνομεν","ἔβαινεν","βῶσιν","ἔβημεν","βαῖνον","βεβῶσα","ἔβαινε","βάτην"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist active infinitive","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active participle, accusative singular masculine","perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine","imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"Root aorist βαίνω form; the epic 3rd pl. -αν ending (ἔβαν) is common in Homer vs. Attic ἔβησαν.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.102","id":"b1-l102","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀίξασα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.119","id":"b1-l119","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰθὺς προθύροιο, νεμεσσήθη δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.211","id":"b1-l211","source":"Ἀργείων οἱ ἄριστοι ἔβαν κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσίν·"}]},{"lemma":"βαρέω","count":2,"glosses":["heavy"],"forms":["βεβαρηότες","βεβαρηότα"],"morphology":["perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"perfect participle 'having been weighed down' — vivid image of drunken soldiers stumbling to assembly","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.139","id":"b3-l139","source":"οἱ ἦλθον οἴνῳ βεβαρηότες υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.122","id":"b19-l122","source":"φῇ δὲ δακρυπλώειν βεβαρηότα με φρένας οἴνῳ."}]},{"lemma":"βαρύνω","count":1,"glosses":["weighed down"],"forms":["ἐβάρυνε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.321","id":"b5-l321","source":"εἵματα γάρ ῥʼ ἐβάρυνε, τά οἱ πόρε δῖα Καλυψώ."}]},{"lemma":"βαρύς","count":10,"glosses":["heavily","heavy","deep"],"forms":["βαρέα","βαρὺ","βαρεῖαι","βαρὺν","βαρείης","βαρείῃ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"Neuter accusative βαρύ used adverbially, 'heavily/deeply' modifying the groaning.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.516","id":"b4-l516","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα φέρεν βαρέα στενάχοντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.420","id":"b5-l420","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα φέρῃ βαρέα στενάχοντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.197","id":"b7-l197","source":"πείσεται, ἅσσα οἱ αἶσα κατὰ κλῶθές τε βαρεῖαι"}]},{"lemma":"βασίλεια","count":16,"glosses":["queen","the queen","princess","of the queen"],"forms":["βασίλεια","βασιλείης","βασίλειαν"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","vocative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"βασίλεια 'princess/queen', subject held back to line end for emphasis, epic word order","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.697","id":"b4-l697","source":"αἲ γὰρ δή, βασίλεια, τόδε πλεῖστον κακὸν εἴη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.770","id":"b4-l770","source":"ἦ μάλα δὴ γάμον ἄμμι πολυμνήστη βασίλεια"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.115","id":"b6-l115","source":"σφαῖραν ἔπειτʼ ἔρριψε μετʼ ἀμφίπολον βασίλεια·"}]},{"lemma":"βασίλειος","count":2,"glosses":["more kingly","royal"],"forms":["βασιλεύτερον","βασιλήϊόν"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.533","id":"b15-l533","source":"ὑμετέρου δʼ οὐκ ἔστι γένος βασιλεύτερον ἄλλο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.401","id":"b16-l401","source":"Τηλέμαχον· δεινὸν δὲ γένος βασιλήϊόν ἐστιν"}]},{"lemma":"βασιλεία","count":1,"glosses":["of the queen"],"forms":["βασιλείης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.351","id":"b18-l351","source":"κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγακλειτῆς βασιλείης,"}]},{"lemma":"βασιλεύς","count":40,"glosses":["king","kings","of the king","of kings","the king's","the king","a king","to king","the princes","kingly","for kings"],"forms":["βασιλῆα","βασιλῆος","βασιλῆες","βασιλεύς","βασιλήων","βασιλῆϊ","βασιλεὺς","βασιλῆας","βασιλῆά","βασιλεῦσιν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun"],"note":"βασιλῆες — epic uncontracted plural of βασιλεύς, versus the later contracted βασιλεῖς.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.386","id":"b1-l386","source":"μὴ σέ γʼ ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.394","id":"b1-l394","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.231","id":"b2-l231","source":"σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς, μηδὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς,"}]},{"lemma":"βασιλεύω","count":8,"glosses":["to be king","shall be king","was king, ruled","was king","was queen","reigned","he might be king","let him be king"],"forms":["βασίλευε","βασιλευέμεν","βασιλεύσει","βασίλευεν","βασιλεύοι","βασιλευέτω"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active infinitive","future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","present active imperative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Epic infinitive ending -έμεν(αι) (βασιλευέμεν) instead of Attic -ειν, a marker of the older poetic dialect.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.392","id":"b1-l392","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακὸν βασιλευέμεν· αἶψά τέ οἱ δῶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.401","id":"b1-l401","source":"ὅς τις ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλεύσει Ἀχαιῶν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.47","id":"b2-l47","source":"τοίσδεσσιν βασίλευε, πατὴρ δʼ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν·"}]},{"lemma":"βαστάζω","count":2,"glosses":["heaving","had lifted"],"forms":["βαστάζοντα","ἐβάστασε"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.594","id":"b11-l594","source":"λᾶαν βαστάζοντα πελώριον ἀμφοτέρῃσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.405","id":"b21-l405","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐπεὶ μέγα τόξον ἐβάστασε καὶ ἴδε πάντη,"}]},{"lemma":"βέλος","count":14,"glosses":["shafts","arrows","arrow","missile","missile, shot","missiles","shaft"],"forms":["βέλος","βελέεσσιν","βέλεσι","βέλεα"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"Epic dative plural βελέεσσιν, extended -εσσιν ending.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.280","id":"b3-l280","source":"οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχόμενος κατέπεφνε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.124","id":"b5-l124","source":"οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχομένη κατέπεφνεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.495","id":"b9-l495","source":"ὃς καὶ νῦν πόντονδε βαλὼν βέλος ἤγαγε νῆα"}]},{"lemma":"βέλτερος","count":2,"glosses":["better"],"forms":["βέλτερον","βέλτερόν"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"Comparative βέλτερον used absolutely, 'it would be better' — Nausicaa's imagined gossip turns approving.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.282","id":"b6-l282","source":"βέλτερον, εἰ καὐτή περ ἐποιχομένη πόσιν εὗρεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.18","id":"b17-l18","source":"πτωχῷ βέλτερόν ἐστι κατὰ πτόλιν ἠὲ κατʼ ἀγροὺς"}]},{"lemma":"βένθος","count":5,"glosses":["into the deep","depths","the depths","in the depths"],"forms":["βένθεα","βένθοσδε","βένθεσιν"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","adverb","dative plural neuter noun"],"note":"βένθοσδε — directional -δε suffix, 'to/into the deep,' Homeric motion-ending","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.53","id":"b1-l53","source":"πάσης βένθεα οἶδεν, ἔχει δέ τε κίονας αὐτὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.386","id":"b4-l386","source":"πάσης βένθεα οἶδε, Ποσειδάωνος ὑποδμώς·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.780","id":"b4-l780","source":"νῆα μὲν οὖν πάμπρωτον ἁλὸς βένθοσδε ἔρυσσαν,"}]},{"lemma":"βεβόλημαι","count":1,"glosses":["stricken"],"forms":["βεβολημένος"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"βεβολημένος, perfect passive participle 'having been struck (as by a blow)' — grief hits like a wound.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.247","id":"b10-l247","source":"κῆρ ἄχεϊ μεγάλῳ βεβολημένος· ἐν δέ οἱ ὄσσε"}]},{"lemma":"βῆσσα","count":4,"glosses":["glades","glens","glens, valleys","a glen"],"forms":["βήσσῃσι","βήσσας","βῆσσαν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.210","id":"b10-l210","source":"εὗρον δʼ ἐν βήσσῃσι τετυγμένα δώματα Κίρκης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.252","id":"b10-l252","source":"εὕρομεν ἐν βήσσῃσι τετυγμένα δώματα καλὰ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.275","id":"b10-l275","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἰὼν ἱερὰς ἀνὰ βήσσας"}]},{"lemma":"βητάρμων","count":2,"glosses":["dancers"],"forms":["βητάρμονες","βητάρμονας"],"morphology":["vocative plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":"βητάρμονες, vocative — rare word for professional/skilled dancers, addressed directly","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.250","id":"b8-l250","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε, Φαιήκων βητάρμονες ὅσσοι ἄριστοι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.383","id":"b8-l383","source":"ἠμὲν ἀπείλησας βητάρμονας εἶναι ἀρίστους,"}]},{"lemma":"βία","count":42,"glosses":["by force","violence","in strength","strength","in might","strength, force","of strength","acts of violence","might","of force","his strength","by strength","of the might of","might of","mighty strength","for violence","violence, outrages","force","the effort"],"forms":["βίη","βίας","βίης","βίῃ","βίηφιν","βίην","βίηφι","βίηφί"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"βίηφιν uses the old instrumental suffix -φι(ν), a relic Homeric case-form meaning 'by/with force.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.403","id":"b1-l403","source":"μὴ γὰρ ὅ γʼ ἔλθοι ἀνὴρ ὅς τίς σʼ ἀέκοντα βίηφιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.216","id":"b3-l216","source":"τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κέ ποτέ σφι βίας ἀποτίσεται ἐλθών,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.415","id":"b4-l415","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἔπειθʼ ὑμῖν μελέτω κάρτος τε βίη τε,"}]},{"lemma":"βίαιος","count":3,"glosses":["violent","violently","by force"],"forms":["βιαίως","βίαια"],"morphology":["adverb","accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.236","id":"b2-l236","source":"ἔρδειν ἔργα βίαια κακορραφίῃσι νόοιο·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.237","id":"b2-l237","source":"σφὰς γὰρ παρθέμενοι κεφαλὰς κατέδουσι βιαίως"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.37","id":"b22-l37","source":"δμῳῇσιν δὲ γυναιξὶ παρευνάζεσθε βιαίως,"}]},{"lemma":"βίβημι","count":1,"glosses":["striding"],"forms":["βιβάς"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.450","id":"b9-l450","source":"μακρὰ βιβάς, πρῶτος δὲ ῥοὰς ποταμῶν ἀφικάνεις,"}]},{"lemma":"βίος","count":3,"glosses":["life"],"forms":["βίον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.491","id":"b15-l491","source":"ἐνδυκέως, ζώεις δʼ ἀγαθὸν βίον· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.254","id":"b18-l254","source":"εἰ κεῖνός γʼ ἐλθὼν τὸν ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύοι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.127","id":"b19-l127","source":"εἰ κεῖνός γʼ ἐλθὼν τὸν ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύοι,"}]},{"lemma":"βίοτος","count":33,"glosses":["livelihood","life","wealth","for life","substance/livelihood","living","of goods","goods","livelihood, price"],"forms":["βίοτον","βιότοιο","βίοτος","βίοτόν","βιότου"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"βίοτος 'means of life, substance' — the suitors' target","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.160","id":"b1-l160","source":"ῥεῖʼ, ἐπεὶ ἀλλότριον βίοτον νήποινον ἔδουσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.287","id":"b1-l287","source":"εἰ μέν κεν πατρὸς βίοτον καὶ νόστον ἀκούσῃς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.377","id":"b1-l377","source":"ἔμμεναι, ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς βίοτον νήποινον ὀλέσθαι,"}]},{"lemma":"βιάζω","count":2,"glosses":["is forcing","you compel"],"forms":["βιάζεται","βιάζετε"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"present tense βιάζετε emphasizes the ongoing pressure the crew puts on Odysseus, who feels outnumbered.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.410","id":"b9-l410","source":"εἰ μὲν δὴ μή τίς σε βιάζεται οἶον ἐόντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.297","id":"b12-l297","source":"Εὐρύλοχʼ, ἦ μάλα δή με βιάζετε μοῦνον ἐόντα."}]},{"lemma":"βιάω","count":4,"glosses":["overwhelmed","do violence","will force","bullied"],"forms":["βιήσατο","βιόωνται","βιήσεται","βιόωντό"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.278","id":"b7-l278","source":"ἔνθα κέ μʼ ἐκβαίνοντα βιήσατο κῦμʼ ἐπὶ χέρσου,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.503","id":"b11-l503","source":"οἳ κεῖνον βιόωνται ἐέργουσίν τʼ ἀπὸ τιμῆς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.348","id":"b21-l348","source":"τῶν οὔ τίς μʼ ἀέκοντα βιήσεται, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλωμι"}]},{"lemma":"βιβάω","count":1,"glosses":["striding"],"forms":["βιβᾶσα"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"vivid present participle paired with imperfect φοίτα for repeated motion","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.539","id":"b11-l539","source":"φοίτα μακρὰ βιβᾶσα κατʼ ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα,"}]},{"lemma":"βιβρώσκω","count":2,"glosses":["will be devoured","having fed"],"forms":["βεβρώσεται","βεβρωκὼς"],"morphology":["future perfect indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"βεβρώσεται, future perfect passive of βιβρώσκω — rare tense stressing the completed state of ruin still to come.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.203","id":"b2-l203","source":"χρήματα δʼ αὖτε κακῶς βεβρώσεται, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἶσα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.403","id":"b22-l403","source":"ὅς ῥά τε βεβρωκὼς βοὸς ἔρχεται ἀγραύλοιο·"}]},{"lemma":"βιός","count":10,"glosses":["bow","the bow","of the bow"],"forms":["βιὸν","βιὸς","βιόν","βιοῦ","βιοῖο"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.270","id":"b6-l270","source":"οὐ γὰρ Φαιήκεσσι μέλει βιὸς οὐδὲ φαρέτρη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.577","id":"b19-l577","source":"ὃς δέ κε ῥηΐτατʼ ἐντανύσῃ βιὸν ἐν παλάμῃσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.75","id":"b21-l75","source":"ὃς δέ κε ῥηΐτατʼ ἐντανύσῃ βιὸν ἐν παλάμῃσι"}]},{"lemma":"βιόω","count":1,"glosses":["to live"],"forms":["βιῶναι"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.359","id":"b14-l359","source":"ἀνδρὸς ἐπισταμένου· ἔτι γάρ νύ μοι αἶσα βιῶναι."}]},{"lemma":"βιοτή","count":1,"glosses":["life"],"forms":["βιοτὴ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.565","id":"b4-l565","source":"τῇ περ ῥηίστη βιοτὴ πέλει ἀνθρώποισιν·"}]},{"lemma":"βιώσκομαι","count":1,"glosses":["gave life to"],"forms":["ἐβιώσαο"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"ἐβιώσαο, aorist middle of βιώσκομαι, 'you brought me back to life' — Odysseus crediting Nausicaa as his savior.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.468","id":"b8-l468","source":"αἰεὶ ἤματα πάντα· σὺ γάρ μʼ ἐβιώσαο, κούρη."}]},{"lemma":"βλάπτω","count":6,"glosses":["harmed","are blocking","might hinder","grow weak, fail","harms"],"forms":["βλάπτουσι","βλάπτοι","βλάβεται","βλάψε","βλάπτει","ἔβλαψαν"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"βλάπτω takes a genitive of separation (κελεύθου, 'from his way') — 'hinder someone from/of something,' unlike English 'block his way' with accusative.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.195","id":"b1-l195","source":"σὸν πατέρʼ· ἀλλά νυ τόν γε θεοὶ βλάπτουσι κελεύθου."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.22","id":"b13-l22","source":"βλάπτοι ἐλαυνόντων, ὁπότε σπερχοίατʼ ἐρετμοῖς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.34","id":"b13-l34","source":"δόρπον ἐποίχεσθαι, βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατʼ ἰόντι·"}]},{"lemma":"βλέφαρον","count":22,"glosses":["eyelids","her eyelids","their eyelids","his eyelids","eyes","from her eyes"],"forms":["βλεφάροισι","βλεφάροισιν","βλεφάρων","βλέφαρ","βλεφάροιϊν"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun","genitive plural neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun","dative dual neuter noun"],"note":"Dative plural βλεφάροισιν is the older -οισιν ending, common in epic.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.364","id":"b1-l364","source":"ἡδὺν ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι βάλε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.398","id":"b2-l398","source":"ἥατʼ, ἐπεί σφισιν ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἔπιπτεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.114","id":"b4-l114","source":"δάκρυ δʼ ἀπὸ βλεφάρων χαμάδις βάλε πατρὸς ἀκούσας,"}]},{"lemma":"βληχή","count":1,"glosses":["bleating"],"forms":["βληχήν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.266","id":"b12-l266","source":"οἰῶν τε βληχήν· καί μοι ἔπος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ"}]},{"lemma":"βλώσκω","count":3,"glosses":["having come","has come, is far gone"],"forms":["μολόντες","μέμβλωκε","μολών"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.44","id":"b3-l44","source":"τοῦ γὰρ καὶ δαίτης ἠντήσατε δεῦρο μολόντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.190","id":"b17-l190","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἴομεν· δὴ γὰρ μέμβλωκε μάλιστα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.335","id":"b24-l335","source":"δῶρα, τὰ δεῦρο μολών μοι ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσεν."}]},{"lemma":"βλωθρός","count":1,"glosses":["tall"],"forms":["βλωθρὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.234","id":"b24-l234","source":"στὰς ἄρʼ ὑπὸ βλωθρὴν ὄγχνην κατὰ δάκρυον εἶβε."}]},{"lemma":"βόειος","count":2,"glosses":["ox","oxhide"],"forms":["βόειον","βοείας"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.24","id":"b14-l24","source":"τάμνων δέρμα βόειον ἐϋχροές· οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.228","id":"b24-l228","source":"ῥαπτὸν ἀεικέλιον, περὶ δὲ κνήμῃσι βοείας"}]},{"lemma":"βόθρος","count":6,"glosses":["pit","the pit","pits","from the pit"],"forms":["βόθρον","βόθροισι","βόθρου"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"βόθρος 'pit/trench' — the washing-holes where clothes were trampled clean, a concrete daily-life detail.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.92","id":"b6-l92","source":"στεῖβον δʼ ἐν βόθροισι θοῶς ἔριδα προφέρουσαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.517","id":"b10-l517","source":"βόθρον ὀρύξαι, ὅσον τε πυγούσιον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.25","id":"b11-l25","source":"βόθρον ὄρυξʼ ὅσσον τε πυγούσιον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,"}]},{"lemma":"βόσκω","count":16,"glosses":["grazing","breeds","graze","to feed","feeds","were grazing","are pastured","would feed","you will feed","could feed"],"forms":["βόσκει","βοσκομένη","βόσκοντ","βόσκοι","βόσκειν","βοσκομένας","βοσκέσκονθ","βόσκουσι","βοσκήσεις","βοσκόμενος"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","present active infinitive","present medio-passive participle, accusative plural feminine","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"βόσκοντ(αι) middle 'feed themselves' — describes the Sun's sacred cattle grazing freely.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.338","id":"b4-l338","source":"βοσκομένη, ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα ἑὴν εἰσήλυθεν εὐνήν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.124","id":"b9-l124","source":"ἀνδρῶν χηρεύει, βόσκει δέ τε μηκάδας αἶγας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.108","id":"b11-l108","source":"βοσκομένας δʼ εὕρητε βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα"}]},{"lemma":"βοάγριον","count":1,"glosses":["oxhide shields"],"forms":["βοάγρια"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.296","id":"b16-l296","source":"καλλιπέειν καὶ δοιὰ βοάγρια χερσὶν ἑλέσθαι,"}]},{"lemma":"βοάω","count":11,"glosses":["shouting","shouted","you cried out","cried out","I called out","of cattle","cattle"],"forms":["βοήσας","ἐβόησας","ἐβόησε","βοῶν","ἐβόησα"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"here βοῶν is treated as the noun 'cattle' (genitive of βοῦς), despite the tagged lemma βοάω — context from translation makes the sense clear.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.281","id":"b4-l281","source":"ἥμενοι ἐν μέσσοισιν ἀκούσαμεν ὡς ἐβόησας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.400","id":"b5-l400","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε τόσσον ἀπῆν ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.294","id":"b6-l294","source":"τόσσον ἀπὸ πτόλιος, ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας."}]},{"lemma":"βοείη","count":4,"glosses":["oxhide","bullock-hide"],"forms":["βοείην","βοέην","βοέῃ"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.2","id":"b20-l2","source":"κὰμ μὲν ἀδέψητον βοέην στόρεσʼ, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.96","id":"b20-l96","source":"ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ θρόνου, ἐκ δὲ βοείην"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.142","id":"b20-l142","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐν ἀδεψήτῳ βοέῃ καὶ κώεσιν οἰῶν"}]},{"lemma":"βοεύς","count":2,"glosses":["oxhide ropes","ox-hide thongs"],"forms":["βοεῦσιν","βοεῦσι"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine noun"],"note":"βοεύς, leather rope made from ox-hide, used to haul the sails up.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.426","id":"b2-l426","source":"ἕλκον δʼ ἱστία λευκὰ ἐυστρέπτοισι βοεῦσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.291","id":"b15-l291","source":"ἕλκον δʼ ἱστία λευκὰ ἐϋστρέπτοισι βοεῦσι."}]},{"lemma":"βοή","count":16,"glosses":["in the war-cry","war-cry","cry","war cry","his shout","a war-cry","the shouting","shout","a cry"],"forms":["βοὴν","βοῆς","βοὴ"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"βοὴν ἀγαθός, formulaic Homeric epithet (accusative of respect) attached to Menelaus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.311","id":"b3-l311","source":"αὐτῆμαρ δέ οἱ ἦλθε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.307","id":"b4-l307","source":"ὤρνυτʼ ἄρʼ ἐξ εὐνῆφι βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.609","id":"b4-l609","source":"ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος,"}]},{"lemma":"Βοηθοΐδης","count":2,"glosses":["son of Boethoos","son of Boethous"],"forms":["Βοηθοΐδη","Βοηθοΐδης"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"patronymic naming pattern (-ίδης, 'son of'), common way Homer identifies minor figures.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.31","id":"b4-l31","source":"οὐ μὲν νήπιος ἦσθα, Βοηθοΐδη Ἐτεωνεῦ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.140","id":"b15-l140","source":"πὰρ δὲ Βοηθοΐδης κρέα δαίετο καὶ νέμε μοίρας·"}]},{"lemma":"βοητύς","count":1,"glosses":["shouting"],"forms":["βοητὺς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.369","id":"b1-l369","source":"νῦν μὲν δαινύμενοι τερπώμεθα, μηδὲ βοητὺς"}]},{"lemma":"βολή","count":3,"glosses":["glances","of missiles","with blows"],"forms":["βολαὶ","βολάων","βολῇσιν"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun"],"note":"Literally 'throws/casts' of the eyes — vivid Homeric term for a look or glance.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.150","id":"b4-l150","source":"ὀφθαλμῶν τε βολαὶ κεφαλή τʼ ἐφύπερθέ τε χαῖται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.283","id":"b17-l283","source":"οὐ γάρ τι πληγέων ἀδαήμων οὐδὲ βολάων·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.161","id":"b24-l161","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔπεσίν τε κακοῖσιν ἐνίσσομεν ἠδὲ βολῇσιν."}]},{"lemma":"βομβέω","count":3,"glosses":["clattered","hummed"],"forms":["βόμβησεν","βόμβησαν","βόμβησε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"βόμβησε: an onomatopoeic verb for a hollow booming/clanging sound as the jug hits the floor.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.190","id":"b8-l190","source":"βόμβησεν δὲ λίθος· κατὰ δʼ ἔπτηξαν ποτὶ γαίῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.204","id":"b12-l204","source":"βόμβησαν δʼ ἄρα πάντα κατὰ ῥόον· ἔσχετο δʼ αὐτοῦ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.397","id":"b18-l397","source":"δεξιτερήν· πρόχοος δὲ χαμαὶ βόμβησε πεσοῦσα,"}]},{"lemma":"Βορέας","count":13,"glosses":["the North Wind","North Wind","of the North Wind","North","to the North Wind","Boreas"],"forms":["Βορέης","Βορέῃ","Βορέαο","Βορέην","Βορέω"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Βορέης (Boreas), the North Wind, here used by Athena to calm the sea and speed Odysseus onward.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.296","id":"b5-l296","source":"καὶ Βορέης αἰθρηγενέτης, μέγα κῦμα κυλίνδων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.328","id":"b5-l328","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὀπωρινὸς Βορέης φορέῃσιν ἀκάνθας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.331","id":"b5-l331","source":"ἄλλοτε μέν τε Νότος Βορέῃ προβάλεσκε φέρεσθαι,"}]},{"lemma":"βοτάνη","count":1,"glosses":["of grass"],"forms":["βοτάνης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.411","id":"b10-l411","source":"ἐλθούσας ἐς κόπρον, ἐπὴν βοτάνης κορέσωνται,"}]},{"lemma":"βοτήρ","count":1,"glosses":["herdsmen"],"forms":["βοτῆρας"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.504","id":"b15-l504","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἀγροὺς ἐπιείσομαι ἠδὲ βοτῆρας·"}]},{"lemma":"βούβοτος","count":1,"glosses":["good for cattle"],"forms":["βούβοτος"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"αἰγίβοτος/βούβοτος: compound adjectives 'goat-grazed'/'ox-grazed', vivid pastoral 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line.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.234","id":"b1-l234","source":"νῦν δʼ ἑτέρως ἐβόλοντο θεοὶ κακὰ μητιόωντες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.143","id":"b3-l143","source":"οὐδʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι πάμπαν ἑήνδανε· βούλετο γάρ ῥα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.232","id":"b3-l232","source":"βουλοίμην δʼ ἂν ἐγώ γε καὶ ἄλγεα πολλὰ μογήσας"}]},{"lemma":"βοῦς","count":84,"glosses":["cattle","of cattle","oxen","of an ox","of oxen","ox","the heifer","an ox","a cow","heifer, cow","a heifer","of heifer","of the heifer","the ox","of the ox","of ox","cows","heifer","cow","for the cattle","the cattle","of the cattle","a pair of oxen","cow, ox","a bull","with the cattle","of oxhide"],"forms":["βοῶν","βοῦς","βοῦν","βοὸς","βόας","βόες","βουσὶν","βουσὶ","βόε","βόεσσιν"],"morphology":["genitive plural noun","accusative plural masculine noun","genitive singular noun","accusative plural feminine noun","accusative singular feminine 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βουγάϊε, μήτε γένοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"βουκόλος","count":12,"glosses":["cowherd","the cowherd","herdsman","herdsmen"],"forms":["βουκόλος","βουκόλον","βουκόλοι","βουκόλ","βουκόλε","βουκόλῳ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"vocative address; the head noun is elided, understood as a direct address to Philoetius","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.293","id":"b11-l293","source":"δεσμοί τʼ ἀργαλέοι καὶ βουκόλοι ἀγροιῶται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.227","id":"b20-l227","source":"βουκόλʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔτε κακῷ οὔτʼ ἄφρονι φωτὶ ἔοικας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.83","id":"b21-l83","source":"κλαῖε δὲ βουκόλος ἄλλοθʼ, ἐπεὶ ἴδε τόξον ἄνακτος."}]},{"lemma":"βουκολέω","count":1,"glosses":["herding cattle"],"forms":["βουκολέων"],"morphology":["present active 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gifts.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.112","id":"b9-l112","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ οὔτʼ ἀγοραὶ βουληφόροι οὔτε θέμιστες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.12","id":"b13-l12","source":"δῶρʼ, ὅσα Φαιήκων βουληφόροι ἐνθάδʼ ἔνεικαν·"}]},{"lemma":"βουλυτόνδε","count":1,"glosses":["toward unyoking time"],"forms":["βουλυτόνδε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"βουλυτόνδε: 'to ox-loosing' + directional -δε suffix, i.e. evening.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.58","id":"b9-l58","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος μετενίσσετο βουλυτόνδε,"}]},{"lemma":"Βοώτης","count":1,"glosses":["Boötes"],"forms":["Βοώτην"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.272","id":"b5-l272","source":"Πληιάδας τʼ ἐσορῶντι καὶ ὀψὲ δύοντα Βοώτην"}]},{"lemma":"βράσσω","count":1,"glosses":["bellowed"],"forms":["ἔβραχε"],"morphology":["perfect active indicative, 3rd singular 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down","were laden","are laden","was laden","is heavy with"],"forms":["βρίσας","βρῖθον","βεβρίθασιν","βεβρίθει","βρίθῃσι"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"perfect of βρίθω, 'are weighed down/heavy with'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.159","id":"b6-l159","source":"ὅς κέ σʼ ἐέδνοισι βρίσας οἶκόνδʼ ἀγάγηται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.219","id":"b9-l219","source":"ταρσοὶ μὲν τυρῶν βρῖθον, στείνοντο δὲ σηκοὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.334","id":"b15-l334","source":"σίτου καὶ κρειῶν ἠδʼ οἴνου βεβρίθασιν."}]},{"lemma":"βριθύς","count":1,"glosses":["heavy"],"forms":["βριθὺ"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter 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ἐβρόντησεν ἀπʼ αἰγλήεντος Ὀλύμπου,"}]},{"lemma":"βροντή","count":1,"glosses":["thunder"],"forms":["βροντῇ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.121","id":"b20-l121","source":"Ζηνός τε βροντῇ· φάτο γὰρ τίσασθαι ἀλείτας."}]},{"lemma":"βροτόομαι","count":1,"glosses":["bloodstained"],"forms":["βεβροτωμένα"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter"],"note":"βροτόομαι, denominative from βρότος 'gore' — perfect passive stresses the armor still caked with old blood","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.41","id":"b11-l41","source":"ἄνδρες ἀρηίφατοι βεβροτωμένα τεύχεʼ ἔχοντες·"}]},{"lemma":"βροτός","count":71,"glosses":["of mortals","mortals","mortal","to mortals","men","a mortal","for mortals","than mortals","for a mortal","with men","for men","man","of a mortal"],"forms":["βροτῶν","βροτοῖσιν","βροτὸς","βροτοῖσι","βροτοὶ","βροτὸν","βροτός","βροτῷ","βροτοί"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"βροτοῖσι, poetic word for 'mortals,' contrasted implicitly with the gods just named.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.32","id":"b1-l32","source":"ὢ πόποι, οἷον δή νυ θεοὺς βροτοὶ αἰτιόωνται·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.66","id":"b1-l66","source":"ὃς περὶ μὲν νόον ἐστὶ βροτῶν, περὶ δʼ ἱρὰ θεοῖσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.282","id":"b1-l282","source":"ἤν τίς τοι εἴπῃσι βροτῶν, ἢ ὄσσαν ἀκούσῃς"}]},{"lemma":"βροτολοιγός","count":1,"glosses":["man-destroying"],"forms":["βροτολοιγῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"βροτολοιγός, epithet of Ares — a compound formula (\"destroyer of mortals\") reused across the Iliad and Odyssey.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.115","id":"b8-l115","source":"ἂν δὲ καὶ Εὐρύαλος, βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ,"}]},{"lemma":"βρυχάομαι","count":2,"glosses":["roars","roared"],"forms":["βέβρυχεν","ἐβεβρύχει"],"morphology":["perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"βέβρυχεν, perfect of βρυχάομαι 'to roar/bellow', used with present force for the sea's ongoing din.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.412","id":"b5-l412","source":"βέβρυχεν ῥόθιον, λισσὴ δʼ ἀναδέδρομε πέτρη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.242","id":"b12-l242","source":"δεινὸν ἐβεβρύχει, ὑπένερθε δὲ γαῖα φάνεσκε"}]},{"lemma":"βρώμη","count":5,"glosses":["food"],"forms":["βρώμην","βρώμης"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.177","id":"b10-l177","source":"μνησόμεθα βρώμης, μηδὲ τρυχώμεθα λιμῷ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.379","id":"b10-l379","source":"θυμὸν ἔδων, βρώμης δʼ οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐδὲ ποτῆτος;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.460","id":"b10-l460","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ ἐσθίετε βρώμην καὶ πίνετε οἶνον,"}]},{"lemma":"βρῶσις","count":9,"glosses":["food"],"forms":["βρῶσίν","βρῶσίς","βρῶσιν","βρωτὺν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.191","id":"b1-l191","source":"γρηὶ σὺν ἀμφιπόλῳ, ἥ οἱ βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.209","id":"b6-l209","source":"ἀλλὰ δότʼ, ἀμφίπολοι, ξείνῳ βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.246","id":"b6-l246","source":"ἀλλὰ δότʼ, ἀμφίπολοι, ξείνῳ βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε."}]},{"lemma":"βύβλινος","count":1,"glosses":["made of papyrus"],"forms":["βύβλινον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.391","id":"b21-l391","source":"βύβλινον, ᾧ ῥʼ ἐπέδησε θύρας, ἐς δʼ ἤϊεν αὐτός·"}]},{"lemma":"βύκτης","count":1,"glosses":["blustering"],"forms":["βυκτάων"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":"βύκτης 'howling/roaring' — epic epithet for storm winds.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.20","id":"b10-l20","source":"ἔνθα δὲ βυκτάων ἀνέμων κατέδησε κέλευθα·"}]},{"lemma":"βύω","count":1,"glosses":["filled"],"forms":["βεβυσμένον"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"perfect passive participle βεβυσμένον, 'stuffed/filled' — describes the basket's contents","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.134","id":"b4-l134","source":"νήματος ἀσκητοῖο βεβυσμένον· αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ"}]},{"lemma":"βυσσοδομεύω","count":7,"glosses":["brooding","were brooding","brooding on","brooding deep on"],"forms":["βυσσοδομεύων","βυσσοδόμευον"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"βυσσοδομεύω, vivid compound 'build deep down' — plotting secretly in one's heart","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.676","id":"b4-l676","source":"μύθων, οὓς μνηστῆρες ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βυσσοδόμευον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.273","id":"b8-l273","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς χαλκεῶνα κακὰ φρεσὶ βυσσοδομεύων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.316","id":"b9-l316","source":"Κύκλωψ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ λιπόμην κακὰ βυσσοδομεύων,"}]},{"lemma":"βώτωρ","count":2,"glosses":["herdsmen"],"forms":["βώτορες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.102","id":"b14-l102","source":"βόσκουσι ξεῖνοί τε καὶ αὐτοῦ βώτορες ἄνδρες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.200","id":"b17-l200","source":"τὼ βήτην, σταθμὸν δὲ κύνες καὶ βώτορες ἄνδρες"}]},{"lemma":"βῶλος","count":1,"glosses":["the clod, soil"],"forms":["βῶλος"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.374","id":"b18-l374","source":"τετράγυον δʼ εἴη, εἴκοι δʼ ὑπὸ βῶλος ἀρότρῳ·"}]},{"lemma":"βωμός","count":8,"glosses":["altar","altars","pedestals","the altar"],"forms":["βωμόν","βωμοῖς","βωμῷ","βωμῶν","βωμός","βωμὸς","βωμὸν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":"βωμός here is a pedestal/base, not an altar—context (statues holding torches) shows the broader sense of the word.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.273","id":"b3-l273","source":"πολλὰ δὲ μηρίʼ ἔκηε θεῶν ἱεροῖς ἐπὶ βωμοῖς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.162","id":"b6-l162","source":"Δήλῳ δή ποτε τοῖον Ἀπόλλωνος παρὰ βωμῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.100","id":"b7-l100","source":"χρύσειοι δʼ ἄρα κοῦροι ἐυδμήτων ἐπὶ βωμῶν"}]},{"lemma":"βωστρέω","count":1,"glosses":["call upon"],"forms":["βωστρεῖν"],"morphology":["present active infinitive"],"note":"βωστρεῖν 'shout loudly to' — imperative infinitive urging Odysseus to invoke Crataeis for aid.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.124","id":"b12-l124","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλα σφοδρῶς ἐλάαν, βωστρεῖν δὲ Κράταιιν,"}]}]}