{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc"},"letter":"χ","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/words/chi","headwords":[{"lemma":"χάζω","count":2,"glosses":["will rob"],"forms":["κεκαδήσει"],"morphology":["future active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Nearly identical to l153 — a repeated formulaic line-half typical of oral epic composition.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.153","id":"b21-l153","source":"πολλοὺς γὰρ τόδε τόξον ἀριστῆας κεκαδήσει"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.170","id":"b21-l170","source":"εἰ δὴ τοῦτό γε τόξον ἀριστῆας κεκαδήσει"}]},{"lemma":"χάλκειος","count":3,"glosses":["bronze","of bronze"],"forms":["χαλκήια","χάλκειον","χαλκείην"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"χαλκείην, material adjective agreeing with κληῗδ' 'key' from the line before","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.433","id":"b3-l433","source":"ὅπλʼ ἐν χερσὶν ἔχων χαλκήια, πείρατα τέχνης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.241","id":"b19-l241","source":"καί οἱ ἐγὼ χάλκειον ἄορ καὶ δίπλακα δῶκα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.7","id":"b21-l7","source":"καλὴν χαλκείην· κώπη δʼ ἐλέφαντος ἐπῆεν."}]},{"lemma":"χάλκεος","count":14,"glosses":["bronze","of bronze"],"forms":["χάλκεον","χάλκεοι","χαλκέῳ"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.104","id":"b1-l104","source":"οὐδοῦ ἐπʼ αὐλείου· παλάμῃ δʼ ἔχε χάλκεον ἔγχος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.121","id":"b1-l121","source":"χεῖρʼ ἕλε δεξιτερὴν καὶ ἐδέξατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.10","id":"b2-l10","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν εἰς ἀγορήν, παλάμῃ δʼ ἔχε χάλκεον ἔγχος,"}]},{"lemma":"χάρις","count":12,"glosses":["grace","gratitude","favor","in grace","grace/charm","thanks/favor"],"forms":["χάριν","χάρις","χάρισι"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun"],"note":"Athena bestowing physical 'grace/charm' on a hero is a recurring divine-favor motif in Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.12","id":"b2-l12","source":"θεσπεσίην δʼ ἄρα τῷ γε χάριν κατέχευεν Ἀθήνη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.695","id":"b4-l695","source":"φαίνεται, οὐδέ τίς ἐστι χάρις μετόπισθʼ ἐυεργέων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.307","id":"b5-l307","source":"Τροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ χάριν Ἀτρεΐδῃσι φέροντες."}]},{"lemma":"Χάρις","count":3,"glosses":["of the Graces","Graces"],"forms":["Χαρίτων","Χάριτες"],"morphology":["genitive plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.18","id":"b6-l18","source":"πὰρ δὲ δύʼ ἀμφίπολοι, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.364","id":"b8-l364","source":"ἔνθα δέ μιν Χάριτες λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.194","id":"b18-l194","source":"χρίεται, εὖτʼ ἂν ἴῃ Χαρίτων χορὸν ἱμερόεντα·"}]},{"lemma":"χάρμα","count":1,"glosses":["joys"],"forms":["χάρματα"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.185","id":"b6-l185","source":"χάρματα δʼ εὐμενέτῃσι, μάλιστα δέ τʼ ἔκλυον αὐτοί."}]},{"lemma":"χάρμη","count":2,"glosses":["joy","battle"],"forms":["χάρμα","χάρμης"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.471","id":"b19-l471","source":"τὴν δʼ ἅμα χάρμα καὶ ἄλγος ἕλε φρένα, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.73","id":"b22-l73","source":"ἄμμε κατακτείνῃ· ἀλλὰ μνησώμεθα χάρμης."}]},{"lemma":"Χάρυβδις","count":9,"glosses":["Charybdis","of Charybdis"],"forms":["Χάρυβδιν","Χάρυβδις","Χαρύβδιος"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.104","id":"b12-l104","source":"τῷ δʼ ὑπὸ δῖα Χάρυβδις ἀναρροιβδεῖ μέλαν ὕδωρ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.113","id":"b12-l113","source":"εἴ πως τὴν ὀλοὴν μὲν ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι Χάρυβδιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.235","id":"b12-l235","source":"ἔνθεν μὲν Σκύλλη, ἑτέρωθι δὲ δῖα Χάρυβδις"}]},{"lemma":"χάσκω","count":1,"glosses":["gaping"],"forms":["χανὼν"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"χανὼν 'gaping/gasping' — vivid image of mouth open swallowing water while drowning.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.350","id":"b12-l350","source":"βούλομʼ ἅπαξ πρὸς κῦμα χανὼν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσαι,"}]},{"lemma":"χαίρω","count":62,"glosses":["rejoiced","rejoicing","rejoice","farewell","greetings","welcome","would rejoice","was glad","might delight","be glad","fare well","may delight in","we rejoiced","took delight","gladly","hail","will rejoice","I rejoice"],"forms":["χαῖρε","χαίρων","κεχάροιτο","χαίρετον","χαῖρ","κεχάροντο","χαίρουσιν","χαῖρέ","χαῖρεν","ἐχάρη","χαίρω","χαὶρων","χαίρῃς","ἐχάρημεν","χαίρεσκον","χαίρετε","χαίρετ","χαίροντι","χαίροντ","χαίροντα","χαῖρον","χαίρουσι","κεχαρήσεται"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","present active participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd dual verb","present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 2nd dual verb","present active participle, dative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","future perfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κεχάροιτο is a reduplicated aorist optative of χαίρω (not a perfect form), expressing potential mood with οὔ κεν, 'she would (not) rejoice'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.123","id":"b1-l123","source":"χαῖρε, ξεῖνε, παρʼ ἄμμι φιλήσεαι· αὐτὰρ\n                     ἔπειτα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.311","id":"b1-l311","source":"δῶρον ἔχων ἐπὶ νῆα κίῃς, χαίρων ἐνὶ θυμῷ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.35","id":"b2-l35","source":"ὣς φάτο, χαῖρε δὲ φήμῃ Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός,"}]},{"lemma":"χαίτη","count":3,"glosses":["hair"],"forms":["χαίτας","χαῖται"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"cutting hair was a Greek mourning ritual, offered to the dead","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.150","id":"b4-l150","source":"ὀφθαλμῶν τε βολαὶ κεφαλή τʼ ἐφύπερθέ τε χαῖται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.567","id":"b10-l567","source":"ἑζόμενοι δὲ κατʼ αὖθι γόων τίλλοντό τε χαίτας·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.46","id":"b24-l46","source":"δάκρυα θερμὰ χέον Δαναοὶ κείροντό τε χαίτας."}]},{"lemma":"χαλέπτω","count":1,"glosses":["troubles"],"forms":["χαλέπτει"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.423","id":"b4-l423","source":"ἥρως, εἴρεσθαι δέ, θεῶν ὅς τίς σε χαλέπτει,"}]},{"lemma":"χαλεπαίνω","count":9,"glosses":["turn harsh","should be angry","to be harsh","might be harsh","grows angry","is harsh","picks a quarrel"],"forms":["χαλεπήνῃ","χαλεπαίνοι","χαλεπαίνειν","χαλεπαίνει"],"morphology":["aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","present active infinitive","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"optative χαλεπαίνοι in a concessive εἰ clause, 'however harsh it might be'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.189","id":"b2-l189","source":"παρφάμενος ἐπέεσσιν ἐποτρύνῃς χαλεπαίνειν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.147","id":"b5-l147","source":"μή πώς τοι μετόπισθε κοτεσσάμενος χαλεπήνῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.485","id":"b5-l485","source":"ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ, εἰ καὶ μάλα περ χαλεπαίνοι."}]},{"lemma":"χαλεπός","count":33,"glosses":["harsh","hard","cruel","harsh, hard","difficult","hard, difficult"],"forms":["χαλεπὸν","χαλεποῖσιν","χαλεπός","χαλεπόν","χαλεποί","χαλεπὴ","χαλεπὸς","χαλεποὶ","χαλεπὰ","χαλεπῆς","χαλεποὺς","χαλεπαὶ","χαλεπῶν","χαλεποῖσι","χαλεποῖο","χαλέπ","χαλεπὴν"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.198","id":"b1-l198","source":"νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ, χαλεποὶ δέ μιν ἄνδρες ἔχουσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.83","id":"b2-l83","source":"Τηλέμαχον μύθοισιν ἀμείψασθαι χαλεποῖσιν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.193","id":"b2-l193","source":"τίνων ἀσχάλλῃς· χαλεπὸν δέ τοι ἔσσεται ἄλγος."}]},{"lemma":"χαλίφρων","count":2,"glosses":["slack-minded","light of mind"],"forms":["χαλίφρων"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.371","id":"b4-l371","source":"νήπιός εἰς, ὦ ξεῖνε, λίην τόσον ἠδὲ\n                        χαλίφρων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.530","id":"b19-l530","source":"παῖς δʼ ἐμὸς ἧος ἔην ἔτι νήπιος ἠδὲ χαλίφρων,"}]},{"lemma":"χαλιφρονέω","count":1,"glosses":["one thinking foolishly"],"forms":["χαλιφρονέοντα"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.13","id":"b23-l13","source":"καί τε χαλιφρονέοντα σαοφροσύνης ἐπέβησαν·"}]},{"lemma":"χαλιφροσύνη","count":1,"glosses":["foolishness"],"forms":["χαλιφροσύναι"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.310","id":"b16-l310","source":"γνώσεαι· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι χαλιφροσύναι γέ μʼ ἔχουσιν·"}]},{"lemma":"χαλκέων","count":1,"glosses":["the forge"],"forms":["χαλκεῶνα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.273","id":"b8-l273","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς χαλκεῶνα κακὰ φρεσὶ βυσσοδομεύων,"}]},{"lemma":"χαλκεύς","count":2,"glosses":["the smith","smith"],"forms":["χαλκεὺς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.432","id":"b3-l432","source":"Τηλεμάχου ἕταροι μεγαλήτορος, ἦλθε δὲ χαλκεὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.391","id":"b9-l391","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ χαλκεὺς πέλεκυν μέγαν ἠὲ σκέπαρνον"}]},{"lemma":"χαλκήιος","count":1,"glosses":["smith's"],"forms":["χαλκήϊον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.328","id":"b18-l328","source":"οὐδʼ ἐθέλεις εὕδειν χαλκήϊον ἐς δόμον ἐλθών,"}]},{"lemma":"χαλκήρης","count":9,"glosses":["bronze-tipped","bronze-fitted"],"forms":["χαλκήρεας","χαλκήρεϊ","χαλκήρεσιν","χαλκήρεα"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine adjective","dative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"χαλκήρης, compound epithet 'fitted with bronze' — formulaic weapon description.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.262","id":"b1-l262","source":"ἰοὺς χρίεσθαι χαλκήρεας· ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν οὔ οἱ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.309","id":"b5-l309","source":"ἤματι τῷ ὅτε μοι πλεῖστοι χαλκήρεα δοῦρα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.55","id":"b9-l55","source":"βάλλον δʼ ἀλλήλους χαλκήρεσιν ἐγχείῃσιν."}]},{"lemma":"Χαλκίς","count":1,"glosses":["fair-flowing"],"forms":["Χαλκίδα"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"καλλιρέεθρος, epithet for rivers/waters with beautiful streams, here of the place Chalcis.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.295","id":"b15-l295","source":"βὰν δὲ παρὰ Κρουνοὺς καὶ Χαλκίδα καλλιρέεθρον."}]},{"lemma":"χαλκός","count":49,"glosses":["bronze","with bronze","of bronze","copper","bronze (cauldron)","in bronze","bronze point"],"forms":["χαλκῷ","χαλκόν","χαλκός","χαλκοῦ","χαλκὸν","χαλκὸς"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"'pitiless bronze' — χαλκός standing metonymically for the sword/weapon that kills, epic formula.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.184","id":"b1-l184","source":"ἐς Τεμέσην μετὰ χαλκόν, ἄγω δʼ αἴθωνα σίδηρον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.338","id":"b2-l338","source":"εὐρύν, ὅθι νητὸς χρυσὸς καὶ χαλκὸς ἔκειτο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.72","id":"b4-l72","source":"χαλκοῦ τε στεροπὴν κὰδ δώματα ἠχήεντα"}]},{"lemma":"χαλκοβαρής","count":4,"glosses":["bronze-heavy","bronze-weighted"],"forms":["χαλκοβάρεια","χαλκοβαρές","χαλκοβαρής"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"compound epithet χαλκοβαρής, 'heavy with bronze,' vivid Homeric weapon description","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.532","id":"b11-l532","source":"καὶ δόρυ χαλκοβαρές, κακὰ δὲ Τρώεσσι μενοίνα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.423","id":"b21-l423","source":"ἰὸς χαλκοβαρής· ὁ δὲ Τηλέμαχον προσέειπε·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.259","id":"b22-l259","source":"ἄλλου δʼ ἐν τοίχῳ μελίη πέσε χαλκοβάρεια."}]},{"lemma":"χαλκοβατής","count":2,"glosses":["bronze-floored"],"forms":["χαλκοβατὲς"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"χαλκοβατές, an epic compound epithet for divine dwellings — 'bronze-paved.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.321","id":"b8-l321","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἀγέροντο θεοὶ ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς\n                  δῶ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.4","id":"b13-l4","source":"ὦ Ὀδυσεῦ, ἐπεὶ ἵκευ ἐμὸν ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ,"}]},{"lemma":"χαλκοπάρῃος","count":1,"glosses":["bronze-cheeked"],"forms":["χαλκοπαρῄου"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"χαλκοπαρῄου, compound epithet 'bronze-cheeked' describing the helmet's metal cheek-pieces.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.523","id":"b24-l523","source":"καὶ βάλεν Εὐπείθεα κόρυθος διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου."}]},{"lemma":"χαλκοῦς","count":9,"glosses":["with bronze","bronze","in bronze"],"forms":["χαλκῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"χαλκός, 'bronze,' stands metonymically for a sword/weapon, common epic usage.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.99","id":"b1-l99","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος, ἀκαχμένον ὀξέι χαλκῷ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.271","id":"b14-l271","source":"ἔνθʼ ἡμέων πολλοὺς μὲν ἀπέκτανον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.418","id":"b14-l418","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κέασε ξύλα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"χαλκοχίτων","count":2,"glosses":["bronze-clad"],"forms":["χαλκοχιτώνων"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine adjective","genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":"χαλκοχίτων 'bronze-tunicked,' a Homeric compound epithet for Greek warriors, evoking their armor in formula.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.286","id":"b1-l286","source":"ὃς γὰρ δεύτατος ἦλθεν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.496","id":"b4-l496","source":"ἀρχοὶ δʼ αὖ δύο μοῦνοι Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων"}]},{"lemma":"χαμάδις","count":4,"glosses":["to the ground","on the ground"],"forms":["χαμάδις"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"χαμάδις 'to the ground' is a rare directional adverb in -δις, vividly marking the tear's fall.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.114","id":"b4-l114","source":"δάκρυ δʼ ἀπὸ βλεφάρων χαμάδις βάλε πατρὸς ἀκούσας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.290","id":"b9-l290","source":"κόπτʼ· ἐκ δʼ ἐγκέφαλος χαμάδις ῥέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.63","id":"b19-l63","source":"πῦρ δʼ ἀπὸ λαμπτήρων χαμάδις βάλον, ἄλλα δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῶν"}]},{"lemma":"χαμᾶζε","count":5,"glosses":["to the ground","on the ground"],"forms":["χαμᾶζε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.191","id":"b16-l191","source":"δάκρυον ἧκε χαμᾶζε· πάρος δʼ ἔχε νωλεμὲς αἰεί."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.136","id":"b21-l136","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τόξον μὲν ἀπὸ ἕο θῆκε χαμᾶζε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.84","id":"b22-l84","source":"φάσγανον ἧκε χαμᾶζε, περιρρηδὴς δὲ τραπέζῃ"}]},{"lemma":"χαμαί","count":5,"glosses":["to the ground","on the ground"],"forms":["χαμαὶ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.160","id":"b7-l160","source":"ξεῖνον μὲν χαμαὶ ἧσθαι ἐπʼ ἐσχάρῃ ἐν κονίῃσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.490","id":"b17-l490","source":"βλημένου, οὐδʼ ἄρα δάκρυ χαμαὶ βάλεν ἐκ βλεφάροιϊν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.28","id":"b18-l28","source":"κόπτων ἀμφοτέρῃσι, χαμαὶ δέ κε πάντας ὀδόντας"}]},{"lemma":"χαμαιεύνης","count":1,"glosses":["ground-sleeping"],"forms":["χαμαιευνάδες"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"χαμαιεύνης, a compound epithet ('bed-on-earth') describing the sows' pen habits.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.15","id":"b14-l15","source":"πεντήκοντα σύες χαμαιευνάδες ἐρχατόωντο,"}]},{"lemma":"χανδάνω","count":3,"glosses":["holding","could hold","will hold"],"forms":["κεχανδότα","ἐχάνδανον","χείσεται"],"morphology":["perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κεχανδότα is a perfect participle 'having held/contained' — perfect aspect stresses the house's lasting stock of goods.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.96","id":"b4-l96","source":"εὖ μάλα ναιετάοντα, κεχανδότα πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλά."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.344","id":"b17-l344","source":"καὶ κρέας, ὥς οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον ἀμφιβαλόντι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.17","id":"b18-l17","source":"οὐδὸς δʼ ἀμφοτέρους ὅδε χείσεται, οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ"}]},{"lemma":"χανδόν","count":1,"glosses":["greedily"],"forms":["χανδὸν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.294","id":"b21-l294","source":"βλάπτει, ὃς ἄν μιν χανδὸν ἕλῃ μηδʼ αἴσιμα πίνῃ."}]},{"lemma":"χαρίεις","count":8,"glosses":["graceful","gracious","pleasing things","more delightful","loveliest, most graceful"],"forms":["χαρίεντα","χαρίεσσαν","χαριέστερον","χαριεστάτη"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"Comparative of χαρίεις 'graceful, pleasing' — Odysseus praising communal feasting.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.58","id":"b3-l58","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἄλλοισι δίδου χαρίεσσαν ἀμοιβὴν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.234","id":"b6-l234","source":"τέχνην παντοίην, χαρίεντα δὲ ἔργα τελείει,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.167","id":"b8-l167","source":"οὕτως οὐ πάντεσσι θεοὶ χαρίεντα διδοῦσιν"}]},{"lemma":"χαρίες","count":2,"glosses":["graceful"],"forms":["χαρίεν"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.231","id":"b5-l231","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ χαρίεν, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετʼ ἰξυῖ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.544","id":"b10-l544","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ χαρίεν, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετʼ ἰξυῖ"}]},{"lemma":"χαρίζομαι","count":20,"glosses":["giving freely","pleasing","freely giving","win favor","pleasing, favored","gladly giving","dear to","was dear","pleasing things","showing favor","to give freely","showing favor to","try to please","to give away","you gave"],"forms":["χαριζομένη","χαριζόμενος","κεχαρισμένα","χαρίσασθαι","χαρίζεο","χαρίζετο","κεχαρισμένος","κεχαρισμένε","κεχάριστο"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","aorist medio-passive infinitive","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine","pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"χαριζομένη 'giving graciously/generously' underscores the housekeeper's warm hospitality, echoing the poem's larger theme of guest-welcome (xenia).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.61","id":"b1-l61","source":"Ἀργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ χαρίζετο ἱερὰ ῥέζων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.140","id":"b1-l140","source":"εἴδατα πόλλʼ ἐπιθεῖσα, χαριζομένη παρεόντων·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.54","id":"b2-l54","source":"δοίη δʼ ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλοι καί οἱ κεχαρισμένος ἔλθοι·"}]},{"lemma":"χαροπός","count":1,"glosses":["gleaming-eyed"],"forms":["χαροποί"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.611","id":"b11-l611","source":"ἄρκτοι τʼ ἀγρότεροί τε σύες χαροποί τε λέοντες,"}]},{"lemma":"χατέω","count":4,"glosses":["longing","have need","needing, craving","they long"],"forms":["χατέουσιν","χατέουσα","χατέουσ"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, nominative singular feminine","present active participle, dative plural masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.249","id":"b2-l249","source":"οὔ κέν οἱ κεχάροιτο γυνή, μάλα περ χατέουσα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.48","id":"b3-l48","source":"εὔχεσθαι· πάντες δὲ θεῶν χατέουσʼ ἄνθρωποι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.280","id":"b13-l280","source":"δόρπου μνῆστις ἔην, μάλα περ χατέουσιν ἑλέσθαι,"}]},{"lemma":"χατίζω","count":4,"glosses":["longing","wanting"],"forms":["χατίζων"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"χατίζων 'lacking, in need of' — the bard denies he came out of greed for pay.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.156","id":"b8-l156","source":"νῦν δὲ μεθʼ ὑμετέρῃ ἀγορῇ νόστοιο χατίζων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.350","id":"b11-l350","source":"ξεῖνος δὲ τλήτω μάλα περ νόστοιο χατίζων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.50","id":"b22-l50","source":"οὔ τι γάμου τόσσον κεχρημένος οὐδὲ χατίζων,"}]},{"lemma":"χέρνιψ","count":8,"glosses":["water for washing","washing-water","water","water for hands"],"forms":["χέρνιβα","χέρνιβά"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"χέρνιψ, ritual hand-washing water before a meal—stock hospitality-scene item.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.136","id":"b1-l136","source":"χέρνιβα δʼ ἀμφίπολος προχόῳ ἐπέχευε φέρουσα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.440","id":"b3-l440","source":"χέρνιβα δέ σφʼ Ἄρητος ἐν ἀνθεμόεντι λέβητι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.445","id":"b3-l445","source":"χέρνιβά τʼ οὐλοχύτας τε κατήρχετο, πολλὰ δʼ Ἀθήνῃ"}]},{"lemma":"χέρσος","count":12,"glosses":["dry land","the land","shore","land"],"forms":["χέρσου","χέρσον"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.95","id":"b6-l95","source":"λάιγγας ποτὶ χέρσον ἀποπλύνεσκε θάλασσα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.278","id":"b7-l278","source":"ἔνθα κέ μʼ ἐκβαίνοντα βιήσατο κῦμʼ ἐπὶ χέρσου,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.147","id":"b9-l147","source":"οὔτʼ οὖν κύματα μακρὰ κυλινδόμενα προτὶ χέρσον"}]},{"lemma":"χέω","count":72,"glosses":["poured","shedding","pouring","lay heaped","heap up","spilled","I will heap up","pour!","they would have poured","poured out","let them pour","I heaped up","flowed/poured","had poured","clinging","he would pour","thronged, poured","pour","I poured","heaping up","weeping","shed, scattered","spread","pours out","lay scattered","would be poured","was poured","lie poured out","shed","we heaped up"],"forms":["χεῦεν","ἔχευεν","ἔχευαν","χέοντες","χέων","χεῦε","χεῦ","χεούσῃ","χεῦαι","ἔχευε","χέοντα","χέε","ἔχυντο","χεύω","χεῦον","χευάντων","χέοντ","χύτο","ἔχεαν","χυμένη","κέχυτο","χέοντας","χεῖσθαι","χεόμην","χεύαντες","κέχυτ","χεούσης","χέει","ἐκέχυντο","χυθείη","ἔχυτ","κέχυνται","κέχυντο","χέουσαι","χεῦαν","χέον","χεύαμεν","χεύατο"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, nominative plural masculine","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active participle, dative singular feminine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","present active participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","future active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active imperative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, accusative plural masculine","present medio-passive infinitive","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, genitive singular feminine","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, nominative plural feminine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":"χέω 'pour' used metaphorically for sleep/mist descending, a common Homeric image.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.146","id":"b1-l146","source":"τοῖσι δὲ κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.291","id":"b1-l291","source":"σῆμά τέ οἱ χεῦαι καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερεΐξαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.24","id":"b2-l24","source":"τοῦ ὅ γε δάκρυ χέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε·"}]},{"lemma":"χείρ","count":250,"glosses":["hands","hand","with hands","his hands","in hands","arms","by the hand","with his hand","in his hand","his hand","in his hands","his two hands","of hands","in hand","with his hands","with my hands","with hand","in my hands","with fists","her hand","into her hands","from their hands","on hands","with her hand","with their hands","at the hands","with her hands","to hands","hands (both)","my hand","her hands","to fists","with a hand","in her hands","from blows","from his hand","in their hands","and hands","their hands","arms, hands"],"forms":["χεῖρας","χερσὶν","χερσὶ","χειρὶ","χερσίν","χειρῶν","χεῖράς","χειρί","χειρὸς","χεῖρα","χεῖρε","χείρεσσιν","χειρός","χεῖρ","χερσί","χεῖρες","χείρεσσι","χείρεσσ","χείρ","χεῖρʼ","χεῖρές","χέρσ","χείρεσσίν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun","accusative dual feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"Genitive of separation with ἐκβάλλω: 'threw out from the hands'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.121","id":"b1-l121","source":"χεῖρʼ ἕλε δεξιτερὴν καὶ ἐδέξατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.146","id":"b1-l146","source":"τοῖσι δὲ κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.149","id":"b1-l149","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον."}]},{"lemma":"χείρων","count":6,"glosses":["meaner","worse","worse things","of a lesser","worse man","lesser men"],"forms":["χείρονι","χεῖρον","χέρεια","χείρονος","χείρονα","χείρονες"],"morphology":["dative singular comparative adjective","nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","genitive singular comparative adjective","accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","nominative plural masculine comparative adjective"],"note":"Comparative χεῖρον serves as predicate: 'it would be worse.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.621","id":"b11-l621","source":"εἶχον ἀπειρεσίην· μάλα γὰρ πολὺ χείρονι φωτὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.515","id":"b15-l515","source":"χεῖρον, ἐπεί τοι ἐγὼ μὲν ἀπέσσομαι, οὐδέ σε μήτηρ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.229","id":"b18-l229","source":"ἐσθλά τε καὶ τὰ χέρεια· πάρος δʼ ἔτι νήπιος ἦα."}]},{"lemma":"χεῖλος","count":7,"glosses":["rims","lips","their lips"],"forms":["χείλεα","χείλεσι"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.381","id":"b1-l381","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι\n                  φύντες"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.132","id":"b4-l132","source":"ἀργύρεον, χρυσῷ δʼ ἐπὶ χείλεα κεκράαντο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.616","id":"b4-l616","source":"ἔστιν ἅπας, χρυσῷ δʼ ἐπὶ χείλεα κεκράανται,"}]},{"lemma":"χεῖμα","count":3,"glosses":["in winter","the winter cold"],"forms":["χεῖμα","χείματος"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.118","id":"b7-l118","source":"χείματος οὐδὲ θέρευς, ἐπετήσιος· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰεὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.190","id":"b11-l190","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅ γε χεῖμα μὲν εὕδει ὅθι δμῶες ἐνὶ οἴκῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.487","id":"b14-l487","source":"οὔ τοι ἔτι ζωοῖσι μετέσσομαι, ἀλλά με χεῖμα"}]},{"lemma":"χειμέριος","count":1,"glosses":["wintry"],"forms":["χειμερίῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.485","id":"b5-l485","source":"ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ, εἰ καὶ μάλα περ χαλεπαίνοι."}]},{"lemma":"χειμών","count":2,"glosses":["storm"],"forms":["χειμὼν"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.566","id":"b4-l566","source":"οὐ νιφετός, οὔτʼ ἂρ χειμὼν πολὺς οὔτε ποτʼ ὄμβρος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.522","id":"b14-l522","source":"ἕννυσθαι ὅτε τις χειμὼν ἔκπαγλος ὄροιτο."}]},{"lemma":"χειρίς","count":1,"glosses":["gloves"],"forms":["χειρῖδάς"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.230","id":"b24-l230","source":"χειρῖδάς τʼ ἐπὶ χερσὶ βάτων ἕνεκʼ· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθεν"}]},{"lemma":"χελιδών","count":2,"glosses":["swallow","to a swallow"],"forms":["χελιδόνι"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"famous simile: the plucked bowstring's twang compared to a swallow's song, praising Odysseus's mastery.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.411","id":"b21-l411","source":"ἡ δʼ ὑπὸ καλὸν ἄεισε, χελιδόνι εἰκέλη αὐδήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.240","id":"b22-l240","source":"ἕζετʼ ἀναΐξασα, χελιδόνι εἰκέλη ἄντην."}]},{"lemma":"χερείων","count":8,"glosses":["worse","worse things","inferior","lesser","lesser men","weaker"],"forms":["χερείων","χέρηα","χέρηες","χερείονα","χερείονι","χέρειον"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","nominative plural neuter noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative plural neuter noun","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"χερείων, irregular comparative \"worse\" (no positive-degree adjective) — Calypso's rivalry claim vs. Penelope.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.211","id":"b5-l211","source":"οὐ μέν θην κείνης γε χερείων εὔχομαι εἶναι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.585","id":"b8-l585","source":"ἐσθλός; ἐπεὶ οὐ μέν τι κασιγνήτοιο χερείων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.176","id":"b14-l176","source":"καί μιν ἔφην ἔσσεσθαι ἐν ἀνδράσιν οὔ τι χέρηα"}]},{"lemma":"χερμάδιον","count":2,"glosses":["boulders","with stones"],"forms":["χερμαδίοισιν","χερμαδίοισι"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.121","id":"b10-l121","source":"οἵ ῥʼ ἀπὸ πετράων ἀνδραχθέσι χερμαδίοισιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.371","id":"b21-l371","source":"βάλλων χερμαδίοισι· βίηφι δὲ φέρτερός εἰμι."}]},{"lemma":"χήν","count":6,"glosses":["geese","goose"],"forms":["χῆνας","χῆνα","χῆν","χῆνές","χῆνες"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":"χήν treated as feminine noun here though masc./fem. common gender","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.161","id":"b15-l161","source":"αἰετὸς ἀργὴν χῆνα φέρων ὀνύχεσσι πέλωρον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.174","id":"b15-l174","source":"ὡς ὅδε χῆνʼ ἥρπαξʼ ἀτιταλλομένην ἐνὶ οἴκῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.536","id":"b19-l536","source":"χῆνές μοι κατὰ οἶκον ἐείκοσι πυρὸν ἔδουσιν"}]},{"lemma":"χῆτος","count":1,"glosses":["for want"],"forms":["χήτει"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.35","id":"b16-l35","source":"χήτει ἐνευναίων κάκʼ ἀράχνια κεῖται ἔχουσα."}]},{"lemma":"χηλός","count":6,"glosses":["chest","chests"],"forms":["χηλὸν","χηλοῖσιν","χηλῷ","χηλοὶ"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"χηλός, a storage chest for valuables - concrete domestic detail grounding the gift-giving scene.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.339","id":"b2-l339","source":"ἐσθής τʼ ἐν χηλοῖσιν ἅλις τʼ ἐυῶδες ἔλαιον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.424","id":"b8-l424","source":"δεῦρο, γύναι, φέρε χηλὸν ἀριπρεπέʼ, ἥ τις\n                     ἀρίστη·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.438","id":"b8-l438","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀρήτη ξείνῳ περικαλλέα χηλὸν"}]},{"lemma":"χηρεύω","count":1,"glosses":["lies empty"],"forms":["χηρεύει"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.124","id":"b9-l124","source":"ἀνδρῶν χηρεύει, βόσκει δέ τε μηκάδας αἶγας."}]},{"lemma":"χθαμαλός","count":4,"glosses":["low-lying","low","lower"],"forms":["χθαμαλὴ","χθαμαλαὶ","χθαμαλώτερον"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine comparative adjective"],"note":"χθαμαλή 'low' famously contrasted by ancient scholars with 'highest' — a crux of Ithaca's identification.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.25","id":"b9-l25","source":"αὐτὴ δὲ χθαμαλὴ πανυπερτάτη εἰν ἁλὶ κεῖται"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.196","id":"b10-l196","source":"αὐτὴ δὲ χθαμαλὴ κεῖται· καπνὸν δʼ ἐνὶ μέσσῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.194","id":"b11-l194","source":"φύλλων κεκλιμένων χθαμαλαὶ βεβλήαται εὐναί."}]},{"lemma":"χθιζός","count":5,"glosses":["yesterday","yesterday's"],"forms":["χθιζὸς","χθιζὸν"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"χθιζός 'of yesterday' recalls Athena's earlier visit disguised as Mentes in Book 1.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.262","id":"b2-l262","source":"κλῦθί μευ, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες ἡμέτερον δῶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.656","id":"b4-l656","source":"χθιζὸν ὑπηοῖον, τότε δʼ ἔμβη νηὶ Πύλονδε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.170","id":"b6-l170","source":"χθιζὸς ἐεικοστῷ φύγον ἤματι οἴνοπα πόντον·"}]},{"lemma":"χθών","count":24,"glosses":["earth","the earth","ground","the ground","the land","land"],"forms":["χθονὶ","χθονὸς","χθόνα","χθών"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"χθόνα, accusative of χθών ‘earth, ground’ — object of ἐπί, ‘over the earth.’","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.196","id":"b1-l196","source":"οὐ γάρ πω τέθνηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.453","id":"b3-l453","source":"οἱ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀνελόντες ἀπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.153","id":"b6-l153","source":"εἰ δέ τίς ἐσσι βροτῶν, τοὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ ναιετάουσιν,"}]},{"lemma":"Χίος","count":2,"glosses":["of Chios","Chios"],"forms":["Χίοιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.170","id":"b3-l170","source":"ἢ καθύπερθε Χίοιο νεοίμεθα παιπαλοέσσης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.172","id":"b3-l172","source":"ἦ ὑπένερθε Χίοιο, παρʼ ἠνεμόεντα Μίμαντα."}]},{"lemma":"χιτών","count":44,"glosses":["tunic","tunics","a tunic","the tunic","his tunic"],"forms":["χιτῶνα","χιτῶνά","χιτῶνας","χιτῶνες","χιτῶν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"line nearly repeats l131's command verbatim, now fulfilled in narrated action","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.437","id":"b1-l437","source":"ἕζετο δʼ ἐν λέκτρῳ, μαλακὸν δʼ ἔκδυνε χιτῶνα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.439","id":"b1-l439","source":"ἡ μὲν τὸν πτύξασα καὶ ἀσκήσασα χιτῶνα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.467","id":"b3-l467","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ μιν φᾶρος καλὸν βάλεν ἠδὲ χιτῶνα,"}]},{"lemma":"χιών","count":3,"glosses":["snow"],"forms":["χιὼν"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.44","id":"b6-l44","source":"δεύεται οὔτε χιὼν ἐπιπίλναται, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἴθρη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.476","id":"b14-l476","source":"πηγυλίς· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε χιὼν γένετʼ ἠΰτε πάχνη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.205","id":"b19-l205","source":"ὡς δὲ χιὼν κατατήκετʼ ἐν ἀκροπόλοισιν ὄρεσσιν,"}]},{"lemma":"χλαῖνα","count":50,"glosses":["cloak","cloaks","a cloak"],"forms":["χλαῖναν","χλαῖνάν","χλαίνας","χλαῖναι"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.349","id":"b3-l349","source":"ᾧ οὔ τι χλαῖναι καὶ ῥήγεα πόλλʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.351","id":"b3-l351","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ πάρα μὲν χλαῖναι καὶ ῥήγεα καλά."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.50","id":"b4-l50","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα χλαίνας οὔλας βάλον ἠδὲ χιτῶνας,"}]},{"lemma":"Χλῶρις","count":1,"glosses":["Chloris"],"forms":["Χλῶριν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.281","id":"b11-l281","source":"καὶ Χλῶριν εἶδον περικαλλέα, τήν ποτε Νηλεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"χλωρηίς","count":1,"glosses":["pale-green"],"forms":["χλωρηῒς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.518","id":"b19-l518","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρη, χλωρηῒς ἀηδών,"}]},{"lemma":"χλωρός","count":10,"glosses":["pale","green","pale, sickly","pale, green"],"forms":["χλωρὸν","χλωρός","χλωρὰς"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"χλωρός περ ἐών = concessive 'though (still) green' — περ marking concession.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.320","id":"b9-l320","source":"χλωρὸν ἐλαΐνεον· τὸ μὲν ἔκταμεν, ὄφρα φοροίη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.379","id":"b9-l379","source":"ἅψεσθαι, χλωρός περ ἐών, διεφαίνετο δʼ αἰνῶς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.234","id":"b10-l234","source":"ἐν δέ σφιν τυρόν τε καὶ ἄλφιτα καὶ μέλι χλωρὸν"}]},{"lemma":"χνόος","count":1,"glosses":["scum"],"forms":["χνόον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.226","id":"b6-l226","source":"ἐκ κεφαλῆς δʼ ἔσμηχεν ἁλὸς χνόον ἀτρυγέτοιο."}]},{"lemma":"χόλος","count":8,"glosses":["anger"],"forms":["χόλον","χόλος","χόλου","χόλοιο"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"genitive object of μέθιεν, 'let go of anger'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.78","id":"b1-l78","source":"ὃν χόλον· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι δυνήσεται ἀντία πάντων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.433","id":"b1-l433","source":"εὐνῇ δʼ οὔ ποτʼ ἔμικτο, χόλον δʼ ἀλέεινε γυναικός·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.145","id":"b3-l145","source":"ὡς τὸν Ἀθηναίης δεινὸν χόλον ἐξακέσαιτο,"}]},{"lemma":"χοή","count":2,"glosses":["drink-offering"],"forms":["χοὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.518","id":"b10-l518","source":"ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ δὲ χοὴν χεῖσθαι πᾶσιν νεκύεσσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.26","id":"b11-l26","source":"ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ δὲ χοὴν χεόμην πᾶσιν νεκύεσσι,"}]},{"lemma":"χοίρειος","count":1,"glosses":["young pig"],"forms":["χοίρε"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.81","id":"b14-l81","source":"χοίρεʼ· ἀτὰρ σιάλους γε σύας μνηστῆρες ἔδουσιν,"}]},{"lemma":"χοῖνιξ","count":1,"glosses":["grain-ration"],"forms":["χοίνικος"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"χοῖνιξ was a standard daily grain measure; touching it means eating another's food without earning it.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.28","id":"b19-l28","source":"χοίνικος ἅπτηται, καὶ τηλόθεν εἰληλουθώς."}]},{"lemma":"χοῖρος","count":1,"glosses":["of piglets"],"forms":["χοίρων"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.73","id":"b14-l73","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἐς συφεούς, ὅθι ἔθνεα ἔρχατο χοίρων."}]},{"lemma":"χολόω","count":25,"glosses":["angered","enraged","grew angry","grow angry","being angry","were enraged","is enraged","to be angered","you angered","still angry","will be angered","you anger","to be angry"],"forms":["κεχολωμένος","κεχολῶσθαι","χολωσάμενος","χολώσατο","κεχολώατο","κεχολώσεται","ἐχολώσατο","κεχόλωται","κεχολωμένον","χολώσαιτο","ἐχολώσατε","κεχολωμένη","χολωσάμενός","χολωθείς","χολώσῃς"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive infinitive","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","future perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"Perfect κεχόλωται expresses a present, ongoing state of anger resulting from a past act — 'stands enraged.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.69","id":"b1-l69","source":"Κύκλωπος κεχόλωται, ὃν ὀφθαλμοῦ ἀλάωσεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.185","id":"b2-l185","source":"οὐδέ κε Τηλέμαχον κεχολωμένον ὧδʼ ἀνιείης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.147","id":"b6-l147","source":"μή οἱ γοῦνα λαβόντι χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη."}]},{"lemma":"χολωτός","count":2,"glosses":["angry"],"forms":["χολωτοῖσιν"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter 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ἐμῇ φρενὶ πάντα μέμηλεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.157","id":"b6-l157","source":"λευσσόντων τοιόνδε θάλος χορὸν εἰσοιχνεῦσαν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.248","id":"b8-l248","source":"αἰεὶ δʼ ἡμῖν δαίς τε φίλη κίθαρις τε χοροί τε"}]},{"lemma":"χράομαι","count":2,"glosses":["in want of","craving"],"forms":["κεχρημένος"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect middle participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.77","id":"b19-l77","source":"τοίῳ ὁποῖος ἔοι καὶ ὅτευ κεχρημένος ἔλθοι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.50","id":"b22-l50","source":"οὔ τι γάμου τόσσον κεχρημένος οὐδὲ χατίζων,"}]},{"lemma":"χράω","count":18,"glosses":["to consult","assailed","in need of","in need","longing for","was set","prophesying","to consult the oracle","was endowed","was endowed with","being in need","have set upon"],"forms":["κέχρητ","κεχρημένον","ἔχραε","χρησόμενος","χρησομένους","κεχρημένος","χρείων","χρησόμενον","κεχρημένοι","κεχρημένῳ","ἐχράετ"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","future middle participle, accusative plural masculine","future participle, accusative plural masculine","future participle, accusative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"κεχρημένον + genitive (νόστου, γυναικὸς): perfect participle of χράω/χράομαι, 'yearning,' governs the genitive of the thing longed for.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.13","id":"b1-l13","source":"τὸν δʼ οἶον νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.266","id":"b3-l266","source":"δῖα Κλυταιμνήστρη· φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητʼ ἀγαθῇσι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.396","id":"b5-l396","source":"δηρὸν τηκόμενος, στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δαίμων,"}]},{"lemma":"χρέος","count":7,"glosses":["debt","need","need, matter","need, business","a debt"],"forms":["χρεῖος","χρέος","χρεῖός"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"χρεῖος, 'a need/business (of one's own)' — Telemachus contrasts private trouble with public affairs.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.409","id":"b1-l409","source":"ἦ ἑὸν αὐτοῦ χρεῖος ἐελδόμενος τόδʼ ἱκάνει;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.45","id":"b2-l45","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ χρεῖος, ὅ μοι κακὰ ἔμπεσεν οἴκῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.367","id":"b3-l367","source":"εἶμʼ ἔνθα χρεῖός μοι ὀφέλλεται, οὔ τι νέον γε"}]},{"lemma":"χρεώ","count":10,"glosses":["need","there is need"],"forms":["χρειὼ","χρεὼ","χρεώ","χρειώ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"χρεώ: personified abstract noun 'need' as grammatical subject of γίγνεται — idiomatic 'need comes upon me.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.225","id":"b1-l225","source":"τίς δαίς, τίς δὲ ὅμιλος ὅδʼ ἔπλετο; τίπτε δέ σε χρεώ;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.28","id":"b2-l28","source":"νῦν δὲ τίς ὧδʼ ἤγειρε; τίνα χρειὼ τόσον ἵκει"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.312","id":"b4-l312","source":"τίπτε δέ σε χρειὼ δεῦρʼ ἤγαγε, Τηλέμαχʼ\n                     ἥρως,"}]},{"lemma":"χρή","count":27,"glosses":["it is necessary","need","it is right","is needed","must","it is needful","you need","it is fitting, must","you must","is there need, must","is needful"],"forms":["χρὴ","χρή"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"impersonal χρή + acc.+inf. = 'you must/need not'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.124","id":"b1-l124","source":"δείπνου πασσάμενος μυθήσεαι ὅττεό σε χρή."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.296","id":"b1-l296","source":"κτείνῃς ἠὲ δόλῳ ἢ ἀμφαδόν· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.369","id":"b2-l369","source":"ἀλλὰ μένʼ αὖθʼ ἐπὶ σοῖσι καθήμενος· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ"}]},{"lemma":"χρῄζω","count":3,"glosses":["being in need","needing, wanting","you need"],"forms":["χρηίζοντι","χρηΐζων","χρηΐζεις"],"morphology":["present active participle, dative singular masculine","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"χρῄζεις governs a genitive of the thing needed (τῶν = 'of which')","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.340","id":"b11-l340","source":"οὕτω χρηίζοντι κολούετε· πολλὰ γὰρ ὑμῖν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.121","id":"b17-l121","source":"ὅττευ χρηΐζων ἱκόμην Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.558","id":"b17-l558","source":"χρηΐζεις· σῖτον δὲ καὶ αἰτίζων κατὰ δῆμον"}]},{"lemma":"χρῆμα","count":14,"glosses":["goods","with goods","wealth","treasure","possessions"],"forms":["χρήματ","χρήματα","χρήμασι","χρήματά"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.78","id":"b2-l78","source":"χρήματʼ ἀπαιτίζοντες, ἕως κʼ ἀπὸ πάντα δοθείη·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.203","id":"b2-l203","source":"χρήματα δʼ αὖτε κακῶς βεβρώσεται, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἶσα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.203","id":"b13-l203","source":"πῇ δὴ χρήματα πολλὰ φέρω τάδε; πῇ τε καὶ αὐτὸς"}]},{"lemma":"χρίμπτω","count":1,"glosses":["drawing near"],"forms":["χριμφθεὶς"],"morphology":["aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"Aorist passive participle χριμφθείς 'having approached' describes Odysseus nearing the spot before digging.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.516","id":"b10-l516","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειθʼ, ἥρως, χριμφθεὶς πέλας, ὥς σε κελεύω,"}]},{"lemma":"χρίω","count":15,"glosses":["anointed","to smear","was anointing","having anointed","anoint myself","had anointed","anoints herself","to anoint"],"forms":["χρῖσαν","ἔχρισεν","χρῖσεν","χρίεσθαι","χρῖον","χρισάμεναι","χρίσομαι","χρίεται","χρῖσαί"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle participle, nominative plural feminine","aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive"],"note":"Middle voice: to anoint for one's own use.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.262","id":"b1-l262","source":"ἰοὺς χρίεσθαι χαλκήρεας· ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν οὔ οἱ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.466","id":"b3-l466","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ λοῦσέν τε καὶ ἔχρισεν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.49","id":"b4-l49","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δμῳαὶ λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ,"}]},{"lemma":"χρόνιος","count":1,"glosses":["after long time"],"forms":["χρόνιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.112","id":"b17-l112","source":"ἐλθόντα χρόνιον νέον ἄλλοθεν· ὣς ἐμὲ κεῖνος"}]},{"lemma":"χρόνος","count":19,"glosses":["time","(long) time","a while"],"forms":["χρόνον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Accusative of duration: 'for a long time,' answering how long, not a direct object.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.115","id":"b2-l115","source":"εἰ δʼ ἔτʼ ἀνιήσει γε πολὺν χρόνον υἷας Ἀχαιῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.543","id":"b4-l543","source":"μηκέτι, Ἀτρέος υἱέ, πολὺν χρόνον ἀσκελὲς\n                     οὕτω"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.594","id":"b4-l594","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη, μὴ δή με πολὺν χρόνον ἐνθάδʼ ἔρυκε."}]},{"lemma":"χρύσεος","count":50,"glosses":["golden"],"forms":["χρυσείῃ","χρύσεον","χρύσεια","χρυσέῃ","χρυσέῳ","χρύσειον","χρυσείην","χρύσειαι","χρύσειοι","χρυσείῳ","χρυσέοις","χρυσέης","χρυσέην","χρυσέη","χρύσεος","χρύσεα","χρύσεοι"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","dative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"Hermes's magic winged sandals, ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, described with divine epithets.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.97","id":"b1-l97","source":"ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, τά μιν φέρον ἠμὲν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.137","id":"b1-l137","source":"καλῇ χρυσείῃ, ὑπὲρ ἀργυρέοιο λέβητος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.142","id":"b1-l142","source":"παντοίων, παρὰ δέ σφι τίθει χρύσεια κύπελλα·"}]},{"lemma":"χρυσήνιος","count":1,"glosses":["golden-reined"],"forms":["χρυσήνιος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"epithet χρυσήνιος 'with golden reins', a formulaic epithet for Ares as a charioteer god.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.285","id":"b8-l285","source":"οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε χρυσήνιος Ἄρης,"}]},{"lemma":"χρυσηλάκατος","count":1,"glosses":["golden-distaffed"],"forms":["χρυσηλακάτῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"epithet χρυσηλάκατος, 'of the golden distaff', describing Artemis (not Helen) — part of the simile likening Helen to the goddess","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.122","id":"b4-l122","source":"ἤλυθεν Ἀρτέμιδι χρυσηλακάτῳ ἐικυῖα."}]},{"lemma":"χρυσόθρονος","count":11,"glosses":["golden-throned","gold-throned"],"forms":["χρυσόθρονος","χρυσόθρονον"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"Compound epithet χρυσόθρονος marks Artemis' divine splendor, epic formulaic style.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.123","id":"b5-l123","source":"ἧος ἐν Ὀρτυγίῃ χρυσόθρονος Ἄρτεμις ἁγνὴ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.541","id":"b10-l541","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτίκα δὲ χρυσόθρονος ἤλυθεν Ἠώς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.142","id":"b12-l142","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτίκα δὲ χρυσόθρονος ἤλυθεν Ἠώς."}]},{"lemma":"χρυσόραπις","count":1,"glosses":["of the golden wand"],"forms":["χρυσόρραπις"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"χρυσόρραπις, a fixed epithet for Hermes — the god's identifying formula in epic","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.277","id":"b10-l277","source":"ἔνθα μοι Ἑρμείας χρυσόρραπις ἀντεβόλησεν"}]},{"lemma":"χρυσόρραπις","count":2,"glosses":["golden-wanded"],"forms":["χρυσόρραπι","χρυσόρραπις"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"χρυσόρραπις 'of the golden wand' — a standing epithet unique to Hermes.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.87","id":"b5-l87","source":"τίπτε μοι, Ἑρμεία χρυσόρραπι, εἰλήλουθας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.331","id":"b10-l331","source":"φάσκεν ἐλεύσεσθαι χρυσόρραπις ἀργεϊφόντης,"}]},{"lemma":"χρυσός","count":37,"glosses":["gold","of gold","with gold","in gold","the gold"],"forms":["χρυσόν","χρυσὸν","χρυσοῦ","χρυσῷ","χρυσοῖο","χρυσὸς","χρυσός","χρυσοῖό"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.165","id":"b1-l165","source":"ἢ ἀφνειότεροι χρυσοῖό τε ἐσθῆτός τε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.338","id":"b2-l338","source":"εὐρύν, ὅθι νητὸς χρυσὸς καὶ χαλκὸς ἔκειτο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.274","id":"b3-l274","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ἀγάλματʼ ἀνῆψεν, ὑφάσματά τε χρυσόν τε,"}]},{"lemma":"χρυσοπέδιλος","count":1,"glosses":["golden-sandaled"],"forms":["χρυσοπεδίλου"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"χρυσοπέδιλος, a fixed epithet for Hera marking divine splendor, formulaic in epic diction","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.604","id":"b11-l604","source":"παῖδα Διὸς μεγάλοιο καὶ Ἥρης χρυσοπεδίλου."}]},{"lemma":"χρυσοχόος","count":1,"glosses":["goldsmith"],"forms":["χρυσοχόον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.425","id":"b3-l425","source":"εἷς δʼ αὖ χρυσοχόον Λαέρκεα δεῦρο κελέσθω"}]},{"lemma":"χρώς","count":41,"glosses":["skin","body","on my body","on skin","flesh","on his skin","his skin","skin/body","his body","on body","his flesh","on your body","on her skin","body, skin","your skin","my skin","skin/flesh","color","on his body"],"forms":["χροῒ","χρόα","χροΐ","χρώς","χρὼς","χρῶτ","χροός"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"χρόα, epic accusative of χρώς 'skin/flesh' — 'mar the skin' idiom for weeping till the face is marked.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.376","id":"b2-l376","source":"ὡς ἂν μὴ κλαίουσα κατὰ χρόα καλὸν ἰάπτῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.749","id":"b4-l749","source":"ὡς ἂν μὴ κλαίουσα κατὰ χρόα καλὸν ἰάπτῃς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.750","id":"b4-l750","source":"ἀλλʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα,"}]},{"lemma":"χύσις","count":3,"glosses":["drift, heap","a drift/heap"],"forms":["χύσις","χύσιν"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.483","id":"b5-l483","source":"εὐρεῖαν· φύλλων γὰρ ἔην χύσις ἤλιθα πολλή,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.487","id":"b5-l487","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄρα μέσσῃ λέκτο, χύσιν δʼ ἐπεχεύατο φύλλων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.443","id":"b19-l443","source":"ἦεν, ἀτὰρ φύλλων ἐνέην χύσις ἤλιθα πολλή."}]},{"lemma":"χυτλόω","count":1,"glosses":["might anoint herself"],"forms":["χυτλώσαιτο"],"morphology":["aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"aorist optative after ἧος 'until', purpose/expectation clause","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.80","id":"b6-l80","source":"ἧος χυτλώσαιτο σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξίν."}]},{"lemma":"χυτός","count":1,"glosses":["heaped up"],"forms":["χυτὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.258","id":"b3-l258","source":"τῶ κέ οἱ οὐδὲ θανόντι χυτὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἔχευαν,"}]},{"lemma":"χώομαι","count":8,"glosses":["be angry","in anger","grew angry","angered","being enraged","enraged","raging"],"forms":["χωόμενος","χώεο","ἐχώσατο"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"χώεο, present imperative of χώομαι \"be angry\" — negative command μή + imperative, softened diplomacy.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.80","id":"b2-l80","source":"ὣς φάτο χωόμενος, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.215","id":"b5-l215","source":"πότνα θεά, μή μοι τόδε χώεο· οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.284","id":"b5-l284","source":"πόντον ἐπιπλώων. ὁ δʼ ἐχώσατο κηρόθι μᾶλλον,"}]},{"lemma":"χώρα","count":4,"glosses":["lands","his seat, spot","spot","place"],"forms":["χώρῃ","χώρας","χώρης"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.573","id":"b8-l573","source":"ὅππῃ ἀπεπλάγχθης τε καὶ ἅς τινας ἵκεο χώρας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.352","id":"b16-l352","source":"στρεφθεὶς ἐκ χώρης, λιμένος πολυβενθέος ἐντός,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.366","id":"b21-l366","source":"ὣς φάσαν, αὐτὰρ, ὁ θῆκε φέρων αὐτῇ ἐνὶ χώρῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"χῶρος","count":17,"glosses":["place","a place","spot, place","ground","of the land","country"],"forms":["χώρῳ","χῶρον","χῶρος","χώρου"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.426","id":"b1-l426","source":"ὑψηλὸς δέδμητο περισκέπτῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.442","id":"b5-l442","source":"ἷξε νέων, τῇ δή οἱ ἐείσατο χῶρος ἄριστος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.123","id":"b7-l123","source":"τῆς ἕτερον μὲν θειλόπεδον λευρῷ ἐνὶ χώρῳ"}]},{"lemma":"χωλός","count":2,"glosses":["lame"],"forms":["χωλὸν","χωλὸς"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"χωλὸς, Hephaestus's defining trait, set in pointed contrast with Ares's swiftness in the surrounding lines.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.308","id":"b8-l308","source":"ὡς ἐμὲ χωλὸν ἐόντα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.332","id":"b8-l332","source":"χωλὸς ἐὼν τέχνῃσι· τὸ καὶ μοιχάγριʼ ὀφέλλει."}]},{"lemma":"χωρίς","count":6,"glosses":["apart","separately","apart, separately"],"forms":["χωρὶς"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.130","id":"b4-l130","source":"χωρὶς δʼ αὖθʼ Ἑλένῃ ἄλοχος πόρε κάλλιμα δῶρα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.221","id":"b9-l221","source":"ἔρχατο, χωρὶς μὲν πρόγονοι, χωρὶς δὲ μέτασσαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.222","id":"b9-l222","source":"χωρὶς δʼ αὖθʼ ἕρσαι. ναῖον δʼ ὀρῷ ἄγγεα πάντα,"}]}]}