{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc"},"letter":"γ","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/words/gamma","headwords":[{"lemma":"γάλα","count":5,"glosses":["milk","of milk"],"forms":["γάλακτος","γάλα","γάλακτι"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun"],"note":"γάλα, neut. noun in -α, gives us 'galaxy' (milky way) via γαλαξίας.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.88","id":"b4-l88","source":"τυροῦ καὶ κρειῶν οὐδὲ γλυκεροῖο γάλακτος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.89","id":"b4-l89","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ παρέχουσιν ἐπηετανὸν γάλα θῆσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.246","id":"b9-l246","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἥμισυ μὲν θρέψας λευκοῖο γάλακτος"}]},{"lemma":"γάμος","count":30,"glosses":["marriage","the marriage","a wedding","wedding","wedding, marriage","of wedding","of marriage"],"forms":["γάμον","γάμοιο","γάμος","γάμου","γάμῳ","γάμοιο—"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.226","id":"b1-l226","source":"εἰλαπίνη ἠὲ γάμος; ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἔρανος τάδε γʼ ἐστίν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.249","id":"b1-l249","source":"ἡ δʼ οὔτʼ ἀρνεῖται στυγερὸν γάμον οὔτε τελευτὴν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.277","id":"b1-l277","source":"οἱ δὲ γάμον τεύξουσι καὶ ἀρτυνέουσιν ἔεδνα"}]},{"lemma":"γάνυμαι","count":1,"glosses":["nor do they rejoice"],"forms":["γάνυνται"],"morphology":["present middle indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.43","id":"b12-l43","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσαντι παρίσταται οὐδὲ γάνυνται,"}]},{"lemma":"γάρ","count":635,"glosses":["for","indeed","since","then","(emphatic)","since, for","[particle] indeed","oh","to me","to you","(marks wish)","indeed (particle)"],"forms":["γὰρ","γάρ"],"morphology":["particle","postpositive explanatory particle"],"note":"γάρ is the causal connective ('for'), explaining why sleeplessness is impossible; 'indeed' wrongly duplicates the sense already carried by τοι","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.7","id":"b1-l7","source":"αὐτῶν γὰρ σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.29","id":"b1-l29","source":"μνήσατο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονος Αἰγίσθοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.33","id":"b1-l33","source":"ἐξ ἡμέων γάρ φασι κάκʼ ἔμμεναι, οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ"}]},{"lemma":"γάστρα","count":1,"glosses":["belly"],"forms":["γάστρην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.437","id":"b8-l437","source":"γάστρην μὲν τρίποδος πῦρ ἄμφεπε, θέρμετο δʼ ὕδωρ·"}]},{"lemma":"γαῖα","count":172,"glosses":["land","earth","of the land","ground","the earth","of lands","of earth","the ground","the land","earth, ground","to the ground","of the earth","to land","in the earth","of land","to the land","from land","onto land"],"forms":["γαῖαν","γαίης","γαίῃ","γαῖα","γαιάων","γαῖάν","γαῖ"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun"],"note":"γαίης is postponed to open the next line, split from its adjective ποίης — an enjambment typical of Homeric verse.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.21","id":"b1-l21","source":"ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι πάρος ἣν γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.54","id":"b1-l54","source":"μακράς, αἳ γαῖάν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἀμφὶς ἔχουσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.59","id":"b1-l59","source":"ἧς γαίης, θανέειν ἱμείρεται. οὐδέ νυ σοί περ"}]},{"lemma":"Γαῖα","count":1,"glosses":["of Earth"],"forms":["Γαίης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.576","id":"b11-l576","source":"καὶ Τιτυὸν εἶδον, Γαίης ἐρικυδέος υἱόν,"}]},{"lemma":"Γαιήιος","count":1,"glosses":["earth-born"],"forms":["Γαιήιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"Patronymic-style adjective, 'earth-born', modifying Tityos.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.324","id":"b7-l324","source":"ἦγον ἐποψόμενον Τιτυὸν Γαιήιον υἱόν."}]},{"lemma":"γαιήοχος","count":6,"glosses":["earth-holder","holder of the earth","earth-holding"],"forms":["γαιήοχος","γαιήοχε"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","vocative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"γαιήοχος, 'earth-holding', a fixed cult epithet of Poseidon as god of earthquakes and the sea.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.68","id":"b1-l68","source":"ἀλλὰ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἀσκελὲς αἰεὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.55","id":"b3-l55","source":"κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον γαιήοχε, μηδὲ μεγήρῃς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.322","id":"b8-l322","source":"ἦλθε Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος, ἦλθʼ ἐριούνης"}]},{"lemma":"γαλαθηνός","count":2,"glosses":["suckling"],"forms":["γαλαθηνοὺς"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.336","id":"b4-l336","source":"νεβροὺς κοιμήσασα νεηγενέας γαλαθηνοὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.127","id":"b17-l127","source":"νεβροὺς κοιμήσασα νεηγενέας γαλαθηνοὺς"}]},{"lemma":"γαλήνη","count":5,"glosses":["calm","windless calm","the calm sea","a calm"],"forms":["γαλήνη","γαλήνην"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"γαλήνη...νηνεμίη, two near-synonyms for stillness stacked for emphasis at a turning point in the storm.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.391","id":"b5-l391","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἔπειτʼ ἄνεμος μὲν ἐπαύσατο ἠδὲ γαλήνη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.452","id":"b5-l452","source":"πρόσθε δέ οἱ ποίησε γαλήνην, τὸν δʼ ἐσάωσεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.319","id":"b7-l319","source":"λέξεαι, οἱ δʼ ἐλόωσι γαλήνην, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκηαι"}]},{"lemma":"γαμβρός","count":5,"glosses":["son-in-law","sons-in-law"],"forms":["γαμβρὸς","γαμβροῖσιν"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun"],"note":"Predicate noun explaining why Menelaus alone escapes death: marriage ties him to Zeus's family.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.387","id":"b3-l387","source":"υἱάσι καὶ γαμβροῖσιν, ἑὰ πρὸς δώματα καλά."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.569","id":"b4-l569","source":"οὕνεκʼ ἔχεις Ἑλένην καί σφιν γαμβρὸς Διός ἐσσι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.313","id":"b7-l313","source":"παῖδά τʼ ἐμὴν ἐχέμεν καὶ ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι"}]},{"lemma":"γαμέω","count":24,"glosses":["to marry","has married","married","married, wedded","marries","at his marrying","having married","married her","let her marry","would marry"],"forms":["γήμασθ","γήμασθαι","γαμέεσθαι","ἔγημεν","γῆμεν","ἔγημε","γήμαιθ","γῆμαι","γῆμ","γαμέοντί","γημαμένη","γαμέειν"],"morphology":["aorist middle infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive infinitive","aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","present active participle, dative singular masculine","aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","present active infinitive"],"note":"Aorist middle infinitive γήμασθαι of γαμέω used of the bride: 'get married,' contrast active for the groom.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.36","id":"b1-l36","source":"γῆμʼ ἄλοχον μνηστήν, τὸν δʼ ἔκτανε νοστήσαντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.275","id":"b1-l275","source":"μητέρα δʼ, εἴ οἱ θυμὸς ἐφορμᾶται γαμέεσθαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.113","id":"b2-l113","source":"μητέρα σὴν ἀπόπεμψον, ἄνωχθι δέ μιν γαμέεσθαι"}]},{"lemma":"γαμψῶνυξ","count":1,"glosses":["crook-taloned"],"forms":["γαμψώνυχες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.302","id":"b22-l302","source":"οἱ δʼ ὥς τʼ αἰγυπιοὶ γαμψώνυχες ἀγκυλοχεῖλαι,"}]},{"lemma":"γανάω","count":1,"glosses":["gleaming"],"forms":["γανόωσαι"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural feminine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.128","id":"b7-l128","source":"παντοῖαι πεφύασιν, ἐπηετανὸν γανόωσαι·"}]},{"lemma":"γαστήρ","count":17,"glosses":["belly","paunch","the belly","in belly","paunches"],"forms":["γαστέρα","γαστέρ","γαστὴρ","γαστέρι","γαστρὸς","γαστέρος","γαστέρες"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"γαστήρ 'belly' as subject personified, driving the lion's hunger-instinct in the simile","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.369","id":"b4-l369","source":"γναμπτοῖς ἀγκίστροισιν, ἔτειρε δὲ γαστέρα λιμός."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.133","id":"b6-l133","source":"ἠὲ μετʼ ἀγροτέρας ἐλάφους· κέλεται δέ ἑ γαστὴρ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.216","id":"b7-l216","source":"οὐ γάρ τι στυγερῇ ἐπὶ γαστέρι κύντερον ἄλλο"}]},{"lemma":"γαυλός","count":1,"glosses":["pails"],"forms":["γαυλοί"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.223","id":"b9-l223","source":"γαυλοί τε σκαφίδες τε, τετυγμένα, τοῖς ἐνάμελγεν."}]},{"lemma":"γε","count":495,"glosses":["indeed","at least","(emphatic)","[emphatic]","indeed (emphatic)","indeed (particle)","(emphatic particle)","myself","(indeed)","(emphatic) at least","[emphatic] indeed","[emphatic] at least","then","surely","(particle)","indeed, at least","at least (emphatic)","for my part","[indeed]"],"forms":["γε","γ","γέ","γʼ","γε—"],"morphology":["particle"],"note":"Epic particle γε adds emphasis: 'he for his part,' contrasting Poseidon's location with the other gods'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.26","id":"b1-l26","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γʼ ἐτέρπετο δαιτὶ παρήμενος· οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.31","id":"b1-l31","source":"τοῦ ὅ γʼ ἐπιμνησθεὶς ἔπεʼ ἀθανάτοισι μετηύδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.46","id":"b1-l46","source":"καὶ λίην κεῖνός γε ἐοικότι κεῖται ὀλέθρῳ·"}]},{"lemma":"γέγωνα","count":6,"glosses":["called out","carries","carries/reaches","carries/is heard","carries (a shout)"],"forms":["γέγωνε","γέγωνέ","ἐγεγώνει"],"morphology":["perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"γέγωνα is a perfect with present force, 'has made himself heard' = 'can be heard/carry' — a shout's range as a distance measure.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.400","id":"b5-l400","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε τόσσον ἀπῆν ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.294","id":"b6-l294","source":"τόσσον ἀπὸ πτόλιος, ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.305","id":"b8-l305","source":"σμερδαλέον δʼ ἐβόησε, γέγωνέ τε πᾶσι θεοῖσιν·"}]},{"lemma":"γέλως","count":7,"glosses":["laughter","with laughter"],"forms":["γέλως","γέλω","γέλῳ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.326","id":"b8-l326","source":"ἄσβεστος δʼ ἄρʼ ἐνῶρτο γέλως μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.343","id":"b8-l343","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἐν δὲ γέλως ὦρτʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.344","id":"b8-l344","source":"οὐδὲ Ποσειδάωνα γέλως ἔχε, λίσσετο δʼ αἰεὶ"}]},{"lemma":"γένειον","count":3,"glosses":["his chin","chin"],"forms":["γενείῳ","γένειον","γενείου"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun"],"note":"Touching the chin (γένειον) is a traditional gesture of supplication/intimate address in Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.583","id":"b11-l583","source":"ἑστεῶτʼ ἐν λίμνῃ· ἡ δὲ προσέπλαζε γενείῳ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.176","id":"b16-l176","source":"κυάνεαι δʼ ἐγένοντο γενειάδες ἀμφὶ γένειον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.473","id":"b19-l473","source":"ἁψαμένη δὲ γενείου Ὀδυσσῆα προσέειπεν·"}]},{"lemma":"γένος","count":20,"glosses":["lineage","generations","the stock","stock","lineage, people","kin","by birth","family, race","stock/lineage","race","breed","lineage, birth","in lineage"],"forms":["γένος","γένε"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"γένος accusative of respect with εἰμί, 'I am, as to birth,' = 'by birth'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.245","id":"b3-l245","source":"τρὶς γὰρ δή μίν φασιν ἀνάξασθαι γένεʼ ἀνδρῶν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.62","id":"b4-l62","source":"ἀνδρῶν· οὐ γὰρ σφῷν γε γένος ἀπόλωλε τοκήων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.63","id":"b4-l63","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀνδρῶν γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων"}]},{"lemma":"γένυς","count":1,"glosses":["cheeks"],"forms":["γένυς"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.320","id":"b11-l320","source":"ἀνθῆσαι πυκάσαι τε γένυς ἐυανθέι λάχνῃ."}]},{"lemma":"γέρας","count":11,"glosses":["honor/prerogative","portion of honor","honor","as a prize","honor, privilege","prize of honor","honor, prerogative","gift","the due","due honor, right"],"forms":["γέρας","γέρα"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"γέρας, the special cut of meat marking a guest's status at a feast","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.66","id":"b4-l66","source":"ὄπτʼ ἐν χερσὶν ἑλών, τά ῥά οἱ γέρα πάρθεσαν αὐτῷ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.197","id":"b4-l197","source":"τοῦτό νυ καὶ γέρας οἶον ὀιζυροῖσι βροτοῖσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.10","id":"b7-l10","source":"Ἀλκινόῳ δʼ αὐτὴν γέρας ἔξελον, οὕνεκα πᾶσιν"}]},{"lemma":"γέρων","count":84,"glosses":["old man","the old man","old","elders","an old man","to old man","of the old man","old men","man","to the old man","the old","of old men","old man's"],"forms":["γέρων","γέρον","γέροντα","γέροντος","γέροντι","γέροντες","γερόντων","γέροντ","γέροντας"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","accusative singular neuter adjective","dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"vocative γέρον, direct address — 'ὦ γέρον' is a standard formula opening a speech to an elder.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.188","id":"b1-l188","source":"ἐξ ἀρχῆς, εἴ πέρ τε γέροντʼ εἴρηαι ἐπελθὼν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.14","id":"b2-l14","source":"ἕζετο δʼ ἐν πατρὸς θώκῳ, εἶξαν δὲ γέροντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.39","id":"b2-l39","source":"πρῶτον ἔπειτα γέροντα καθαπτόμενος προσέειπεν·"}]},{"lemma":"γεγωνέω","count":3,"glosses":["called out, shouted","cried out","I called out"],"forms":["γεγώνευν","ἐγεγώνευν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"γεγωνέω, 'shout so as to be heard,' a vivid verb for calling across distance.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.47","id":"b9-l47","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ οἰχόμενοι Κίκονες Κικόνεσσι γεγώνευν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.370","id":"b12-l370","source":"οἰμώξας δὲ θεοῖσι μέγʼ ἀθανάτοισι γεγώνευν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.161","id":"b17-l161","source":"ἥμενος ἐφρασάμην καὶ Τηλεμάχῳ ἐγεγώνευν."}]},{"lemma":"γείνομαι","count":12,"glosses":["bore","begot","bore, begot","at his being born","bore, gave birth to","to beget","fathered","you beget"],"forms":["ἐγείνατο","γείνατο","γεινομένῳ","γείνασθαι","γείνατ","γείνεαι"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","aorist middle infinitive","aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"Middle aorist ἐγείνατο of γείνομαι ('bear/beget'), the standard epic verb for a mother giving birth.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.223","id":"b1-l223","source":"θῆκαν, ἐπεὶ σέ γε τοῖον ἐγείνατο Πηνελόπεια."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.13","id":"b4-l13","source":"ἐπεὶ δὴ τὸ πρῶτον ἐγείνατο παῖδʼ ἐρατεινήν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.208","id":"b4-l208","source":"ὄλβον ἐπικλώσῃ γαμέοντί τε γεινομένῳ τε,"}]},{"lemma":"γείτων","count":3,"glosses":["neighbors"],"forms":["γείτονες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.16","id":"b4-l16","source":"γείτονες ἠδὲ ἔται Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.489","id":"b5-l489","source":"ἀγροῦ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῆς, ᾧ μὴ πάρα γείτονες ἄλλοι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.48","id":"b9-l48","source":"οἵ σφιν γείτονες ἦσαν, ἅμα πλέονες καὶ ἀρείους,"}]},{"lemma":"γελάω","count":14,"glosses":["laughing","laughed","laugh","gave a laugh","were laughing"],"forms":["γελόωντες","γέλασσαν","γελάσας","ἐγέλασσε","γελάσαι","γέλασσε","γελώοντες","ἐγέλασσεν","ἐγέλασσαν","γελοίων","γελοίωντες","γελόω"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb"],"note":"γελόω is subjunctive in form though translated as indicative — a Homeric deliberative/generalizing nuance.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.301","id":"b2-l301","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἰθὺς γελάσας κίε Τηλεμάχοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.413","id":"b9-l413","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν ἀπιόντες, ἐμὸν δʼ ἐγέλασσε φίλον\n                     κῆρ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.465","id":"b14-l465","source":"καί θʼ ἁπαλὸν γελάσαι, καί τʼ ὀρχήσασθαι ἀνῆκε,"}]},{"lemma":"γελαστός","count":1,"glosses":["laughable"],"forms":["γελαστὰ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.307","id":"b8-l307","source":"δεῦθʼ, ἵνα ἔργα γελαστὰ καὶ οὐκ ἐπιεικτὰ ἴδησθε,"}]},{"lemma":"γενέθλη","count":2,"glosses":["race, stock","lineage"],"forms":["γενέθλης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"γενέθλη 'birth, stock' — Poseidon claims kinship with the Phaeacians.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.232","id":"b4-l232","source":"ἀνθρώπων· ἦ γὰρ Παιήονός εἰσι γενέθλης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.130","id":"b13-l130","source":"Φαίηκες, τοί πέρ τοι ἐμῆς ἔξ εἰσι γενέθλης."}]},{"lemma":"γενεά","count":11,"glosses":["lineage","generation","by birthright","family","in lineage, build","birth, kin","by birth","in birth"],"forms":["γενεῇ","γενεὴν","γενεήν","γενεὴ","γενεή"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Accusative of respect: γενεήν specifies IN WHAT WAY he was a descendant, not a direct object.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.222","id":"b1-l222","source":"οὐ μέν τοι γενεήν γε θεοὶ νώνυμνον ὀπίσσω"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.387","id":"b1-l387","source":"ποιήσειεν, ὅ τοι γενεῇ πατρώιόν ἐστιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.407","id":"b1-l407","source":"γαίης, ποῦ δέ νύ οἱ γενεὴ καὶ πατρὶς ἄρουρα."}]},{"lemma":"γενειάς","count":1,"glosses":["beard"],"forms":["γενειάδες"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"γενειάς is a rare plural for a single beard, epic idiom (cf. English 'whiskers').","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.176","id":"b16-l176","source":"κυάνεαι δʼ ἐγένοντο γενειάδες ἀμφὶ γένειον."}]},{"lemma":"γενειάω","count":2,"glosses":["grown bearded","grown a beard"],"forms":["γενειήσαντα"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"γενειήσαντα, denominative aorist participle from γένειον 'chin/beard' — 'having grown a beard.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.176","id":"b18-l176","source":"ἠρῶ ἀθανάτοισι γενειήσαντα ἰδέσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.269","id":"b18-l269","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ παῖδα γενειήσαντα ἴδηαι,"}]},{"lemma":"γενετή","count":1,"glosses":["birth"],"forms":["γενετῆς"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.6","id":"b18-l6","source":"ἐκ γενετῆς· Ἶρον δὲ νέοι κίκλησκον ἅπαντες,"}]},{"lemma":"γεραίρω","count":2,"glosses":["honored","honor"],"forms":["γέραιρεν","γεραίρεις"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.437","id":"b14-l437","source":"νώτοισιν δʼ Ὀδυσῆα διηνεκέεσσι γέραιρεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.441","id":"b14-l441","source":"ὡς ἐμοί, ὅττι τε τοῖον ἐόντʼ ἀγαθοῖσι γεραίρεις."}]},{"lemma":"γεραιός","count":6,"glosses":["old man","an older (man)","elder"],"forms":["γεραιέ","γεραίτερον","γεραίτερος","γεραιός"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"γεραιέ, vocative addressing the seer Halitherses directly — the head noun it modifies is elided (a common Homeric ellipsis).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.201","id":"b2-l201","source":"οὔτε θεοπροπίης ἐμπαζόμεθʼ, ἣν σύ, γεραιέ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.24","id":"b3-l24","source":"αἰδὼς δʼ αὖ νέον ἄνδρα γεραίτερον ἐξερέεσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.362","id":"b3-l362","source":"οἶος γὰρ μετὰ τοῖσι γεραίτερος εὔχομαι εἶναι·"}]},{"lemma":"Γεραιστός","count":1,"glosses":["Geraistos"],"forms":["Γεραιστὸν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.177","id":"b3-l177","source":"ἰχθυόεντα κέλευθα διέδραμον, ἐς δὲ Γεραιστὸν"}]},{"lemma":"Γερήνιος","count":10,"glosses":["Gerenian"],"forms":["Γερήνιος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Γερήνιος, a recurring cult-title/epithet of Nestor linked to the town Gerenia, part of his fixed epic formula","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.68","id":"b3-l68","source":"τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.102","id":"b3-l102","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.210","id":"b3-l210","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·"}]},{"lemma":"γερήνιος","count":1,"glosses":["Gerenian"],"forms":["Γερήνιος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.405","id":"b3-l405","source":"ὤρνυτʼ ἄρʼ ἐξ εὐνῆφι Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ,"}]},{"lemma":"γερούσιος","count":1,"glosses":["elders'"],"forms":["γερούσιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.8","id":"b13-l8","source":"ὅσσοι ἐνὶ μεγάροισι γερούσιον αἴθοπα οἶνον"}]},{"lemma":"γεύω","count":3,"glosses":["to taste","tasting"],"forms":["γεύσεσθαι","γεύσασθαι"],"morphology":["future middle infinitive","aorist middle infinitive"],"note":"Idiom 'taste of hands' = 'come to blows'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.413","id":"b17-l413","source":"αὖτις ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰὼν προικὸς γεύσεσθαι Ἀχαιῶν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.181","id":"b20-l181","source":"πρὶν χειρῶν γεύσασθαι, ἐπεὶ σύ περ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.98","id":"b21-l98","source":"ἦ τοι ὀϊστοῦ γε πρῶτος γεύσεσθαι ἔμελλεν"}]},{"lemma":"γῆ","count":7,"glosses":["land","the earth","ground"],"forms":["γῆς","γῆ","γῆν"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.167","id":"b11-l167","source":"γῆς ἐπέβην, ἀλλʼ αἰὲν ἔχων ἀλάλημαι ὀιζύν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.302","id":"b11-l302","source":"οἳ καὶ νέρθεν γῆς τιμὴν πρὸς Ζηνὸς ἔχοντες"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.482","id":"b11-l482","source":"γῆς ἐπέβην, ἀλλʼ αἰὲν ἔχω κακά. σεῖο δʼ, Ἀχιλλεῦ,"}]},{"lemma":"γῆρας","count":17,"glosses":["old age","of old age","with age","by old age"],"forms":["γῆρας","γήραϊ","γήραος","γῆράς","γήραι"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":"γῆρας personified as the subject that 'will save' the old nurse from punishment","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.218","id":"b1-l218","source":"ἀνέρος, ὃν κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖς ἔπι γῆρας ἔτετμε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.16","id":"b2-l16","source":"ὃς δὴ γήραϊ κυφὸς ἔην καὶ μυρία ᾔδη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.226","id":"b8-l226","source":"τῷ ῥα καὶ αἶψʼ ἔθανεν μέγας Εὔρυτος, οὐδʼ ἐπὶ γῆρας"}]},{"lemma":"γηθέω","count":17,"glosses":["rejoiced","rejoices","it rejoiced","would rejoice","would have rejoiced","he rejoiced"],"forms":["γήθησεν","γήθησε","γήθησέν","γέγηθε","γηθήσειεν","γήθησαν","ἐγήθεις"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"γέγηθε, perfect with present sense (like οἶδα) — a stative perfect meaning 'is glad,' not 'has become glad.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.486","id":"b5-l486","source":"τὴν μὲν ἰδὼν γήθησε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.106","id":"b6-l106","source":"ἀγρονόμοι παίζουσι, γέγηθε δέ τε φρένα Λητώ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.269","id":"b7-l269","source":"γαίης ὑμετέρης, γήθησε δέ μοι φίλον ἦτορ"}]},{"lemma":"γηθόσυνος","count":2,"glosses":["rejoicing"],"forms":["γηθόσυνος","γηθοσύνη"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.269","id":"b5-l269","source":"γηθόσυνος δʼ οὔρῳ πέτασʼ ἱστία δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.540","id":"b11-l540","source":"γηθοσύνη ὅ οἱ υἱὸν ἔφην ἀριδείκετον εἶναι."}]},{"lemma":"γηράσκω","count":4,"glosses":["to grow old","ripens","had grown old","grow old"],"forms":["γηρασκέμεν","γηράσκει","ἐγήρα","γηράσκωσι"],"morphology":["present active infinitive","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"subjunctive in a general temporal clause, 'whenever they grow old'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.210","id":"b4-l210","source":"αὐτὸν μὲν λιπαρῶς γηρασκέμεν ἐν μεγάροισιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.120","id":"b7-l120","source":"ὄγχνη ἐπʼ ὄγχνῃ γηράσκει, μῆλον δʼ ἐπὶ μήλῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.67","id":"b14-l67","source":"τῷ κέ με πόλλʼ ὤνησεν ἄναξ, εἰ αὐτόθʼ ἐγήρα·"}]},{"lemma":"Γίγας","count":3,"glosses":["the Giants","of the Giants","Giants"],"forms":["Γιγάντεσσιν","Γιγάντων","Γίγασιν"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":"pairs Cyclopes and Giants as savage races close to gods but lawless — epic catalog device.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.59","id":"b7-l59","source":"ὅς ποθʼ ὑπερθύμοισι Γιγάντεσσιν βασίλευεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.206","id":"b7-l206","source":"ὥς περ Κύκλωπές τε καὶ ἄγρια φῦλα Γιγάντων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.120","id":"b10-l120","source":"μυρίοι, οὐκ ἄνδρεσσιν ἐοικότες, ἀλλὰ Γίγασιν."}]},{"lemma":"γίγνομαι","count":144,"glosses":["became","would become","were born","become","was born","came","comes","to become","born","became, fell","may it be","grew","becomes","to be done","comes to be","might turn out","could happen","he became","are","let it be added","I become","might become","is, becomes","are born","arose","may turn out","may you become","would be","were","has been","I am","to come about","to have become","turning into","arises","will become","will happen","have been born","will be born","as he was being born","may come","he is born","grow, appear","have come to be","you would become","they are born","you happen to be","happens","come to be","comes to pass","arise","grows","I was born","I might fall","fell","be born","become, be","may come to pass","might come","would come","proves himself","might you be born","proves to be","turned out","could arise","have become","be laid bare","they happen","could become","might arise","there was","might be raised","I prove, become","is","should be","let there be","spreads","is born","are born, exist","came together","came to pass","let it 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middle imperative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist optative, 3rd plural verb","aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"γένηται subjunctive with ἄν in general temporal clause 'whenever it becomes'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.219","id":"b1-l219","source":"νῦν δʼ ὃς ἀποτμότατος γένετο θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.220","id":"b1-l220","source":"τοῦ μʼ ἔκ φασι γενέσθαι, ἐπεὶ σύ με τοῦτʼ ἐρεείνεις."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.266","id":"b1-l266","source":"πάντες κʼ ὠκύμοροί τε γενοίατο πικρόγαμοί τε."}]},{"lemma":"γιγνώσκω","count":52,"glosses":["recognized","you would know","knew","to recognize","I know","she knew","I knew","might recognize","he came to know","to be known","in knowing","she recognized","they knew","knew, recognized","I might know","I understand","let us learn","you will know","I perceive","you judged","he might learn","I find, learn","finds, learns","knowing (it)","recognizing","I recognize","you would learn","came to know","you may recognize","you may know","shall know"],"forms":["ἔγνω","γιγνώσκω","γνοίης","γνῶναι","γίγνωσκον","γνοίη","ἔγνως","γνώω","ἔγνων","γνώμεναι","ἔγνωσαν","γιγνώσκειν","γνώομεν","γνώσεαι","γνώῃ","γιγνώσκων","γνῶ","γιγνώσκουσα","γνώτην","γνῶτον","γνῷς","γίγνωσκε","γνωσόμεθ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active optative, 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sense of ὑπέμεινε: 'did not wait to be recognized.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.3","id":"b1-l3","source":"πολλῶν δʼ ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόον ἔγνω,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.411","id":"b1-l411","source":"γνώμεναι· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακῷ εἰς ὦπα ἐῴκει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.420","id":"b1-l420","source":"ὣς φάτο Τηλέμαχος, φρεσὶ δʼ ἀθανάτην θεὸν ἔγνω."}]},{"lemma":"γλαυκω~πις","count":1,"glosses":["gray-eyed"],"forms":["γλαυκώπιδος"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"stock epithet of Athena, γλαυκῶπις, here genitive","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.540","id":"b24-l540","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔπεσε πρόσθε γλαυκώπιδος ὀβριμοπάτρης."}]},{"lemma":"γλαυκῶπις","count":56,"glosses":["gray-eyed","bright-eyed","grey-eyed","gray-eyed one","gleaming-eyed"],"forms":["γλαυκῶπις","γλαυκώπιδι","γλαυκῶπιν","γλαυκώπιδος","γλαυκῶπι"],"morphology":["nominative singular 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Ἀθήνην,"}]},{"lemma":"γλαφυρός","count":41,"glosses":["hollow","sheltered"],"forms":["γλαφυρῆς","γλαφυροῖσι","γλαφυρῇ","γλαφυρῷ","γλαφυρὴν","γλαφυρῇσι","γλαφυροῖο","γλαφυρὴ","γλαφυροῖσιν","γλαφυρὸν","γλαφυρῇσιν","γλαφυρήν","γλαφυράς"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","dative singular neuter adjective","dative plural feminine adjective","genitive singular neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"γλαφυρός 'hollow', standard formulaic epithet for ships in Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.15","id":"b1-l15","source":"ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.73","id":"b1-l73","source":"ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι Ποσειδάωνι 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ὕπο γλυκερῷ ταρπώμεθα κοιμηθέντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.145","id":"b23-l145","source":"μολπῆς τε γλυκερῆς καὶ ἀμύμονος ὀρχηθμοῖο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.255","id":"b23-l255","source":"ὕπνῳ ὕπο γλυκερῷ ταρπώμεθα κοιμηθέντε."}]},{"lemma":"γλυκύς","count":27,"glosses":["sweet","sweeter"],"forms":["γλυκὺς","γλυκὺν","γλυκεροῖο","γλυκερὸν","γλυκεραὶ","γλυκερὸς","γλυκερώτερον","γλυκύς","γλυκερός","γλυκερῷ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","genitive singular neuter adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","vocative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter comparative adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","dative singular neuter adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":"γλυκὺς ὕπνος ‘sweet sleep’ — a fixed Homeric collocation for the onset of sleep.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.395","id":"b2-l395","source":"ἔνθα μνηστήρεσσιν ἐπὶ γλυκὺν ὕπνον ἔχευε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.88","id":"b4-l88","source":"τυροῦ καὶ κρειῶν οὐδὲ γλυκεροῖο γάλακτος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.152","id":"b5-l152","source":"δακρυόφιν τέρσοντο, κατείβετο δὲ γλυκὺς αἰὼν"}]},{"lemma":"γλυφίς","count":1,"glosses":["notches"],"forms":["γλυφίδας"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.419","id":"b21-l419","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἐπὶ πήχει ἑλὼν ἕλκεν νευρὴν γλυφίδας τε,"}]},{"lemma":"γλῶσσα","count":3,"glosses":["tongues","tongue/language"],"forms":["γλώσσας","γλῶσσα"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Cutting out the tongues of sacrificial victims for burning is a set ritual step before libation—cultural detail worth flagging.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.332","id":"b3-l332","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε τάμνετε μὲν γλώσσας, κεράασθε δὲ οἶνον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.341","id":"b3-l341","source":"γλώσσας δʼ ἐν πυρὶ βάλλον, ἀνιστάμενοι δʼ ἐπέλειβον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.175","id":"b19-l175","source":"ἄλλη δʼ ἄλλων γλῶσσα μεμιγμένη· ἐν μὲν Ἀχαιοί,"}]},{"lemma":"γναθμός","count":3,"glosses":["cheeks","jaws","with jaws"],"forms":["γναθμοὶ","γναθμῶν","γναθμοῖσι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.175","id":"b16-l175","source":"ἂψ δὲ μελαγχροιὴς γένετο, γναθμοὶ δὲ τάνυσθεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.29","id":"b18-l29","source":"γναθμῶν ἐξελάσαιμι συὸς ὣς ληϊβοτείρης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.347","id":"b20-l347","source":"οἱ δʼ ἤδη γναθμοῖσι γελοίων ἀλλοτρίοισιν,"}]},{"lemma":"γναμπτός","count":6,"glosses":["supple","bent","supple, pliant"],"forms":["γναμπτοῖσι","γναμπτοῖς"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.369","id":"b4-l369","source":"γναμπτοῖς ἀγκίστροισιν, ἔτειρε δὲ γαστέρα λιμός."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.394","id":"b11-l394","source":"οἵη περ πάρος ἔσκεν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.332","id":"b12-l332","source":"γναμπτοῖς ἀγκίστροισιν, ἔτειρε δὲ γαστέρα λιμός·"}]},{"lemma":"γνήσιος","count":1,"glosses":["legitimate"],"forms":["γνήσιοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.202","id":"b14-l202","source":"γνήσιοι ἐξ ἀλόχου· ἐμὲ δʼ ὠνητὴ τέκε μήτηρ"}]},{"lemma":"γνώριμος","count":1,"glosses":["known"],"forms":["γνώριμος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.9","id":"b16-l9","source":"ἢ καὶ γνώριμος ἄλλος, ἐπεὶ κύνες οὐχ ὑλάουσιν,"}]},{"lemma":"γνωτός","count":1,"glosses":["plain"],"forms":["γνωτὸν"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"γνωτόν 'known/evident' — predicate adjective opening the clause, 'it was clear that...'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.182","id":"b24-l182","source":"γνωτὸν δʼ ἦν ὅ ῥά τίς σφι θεῶν ἐπιτάρροθος ἦεν·"}]},{"lemma":"γόμφος","count":1,"glosses":["with pegs"],"forms":["γόμφοισιν"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.248","id":"b5-l248","source":"γόμφοισιν δʼ ἄρα τήν γε καὶ ἁρμονίῃσιν ἄρασσεν."}]},{"lemma":"γόνος","count":10,"glosses":["offspring","begetting","lineage","the line","birth"],"forms":["γόνον","γόνος"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.216","id":"b1-l216","source":"οὐκ οἶδʼ· οὐ γάρ πώ τις ἑὸν γόνον αὐτὸς ἀνέγνω."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.274","id":"b2-l274","source":"εἰ δʼ οὐ κείνου γʼ ἐσσὶ γόνος καὶ Πηνελοπείης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.12","id":"b4-l12","source":"ἐκ δούλης· Ἑλένῃ δὲ θεοὶ γόνον οὐκέτʼ ἔφαινον,"}]},{"lemma":"γόνυ","count":45,"glosses":["knees","his knees","the knees","by her knees","knee","her knees"],"forms":["γούνων","γούνατα","γούνατ","γούνασι","γούναθ","γοῦνα","γούνασιν","γουνὸς"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","genitive plural neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun","accusative dual neuter noun","nominative 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ἁδινὸν γοόωσα μετηύδα Πηνελόπεια·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.800","id":"b4-l800","source":"ἧος Πηνελόπειαν ὀδυρομένην γοόωσαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.92","id":"b8-l92","source":"ἂψ Ὀδυσεὺς κατὰ κρᾶτα καλυψάμενος γοάασκεν."}]},{"lemma":"γονή","count":1,"glosses":["line"],"forms":["γονὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.755","id":"b4-l755","source":"πάγχυ θεοῖς μακάρεσσι γονὴν Ἀρκεισιάδαο"}]},{"lemma":"γουνάζομαι","count":1,"glosses":["I beseech"],"forms":["γουνάζομαι"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"γουνάζομαι, 'to clasp the knees in supplication', a vivid ritual-gesture verb.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.66","id":"b11-l66","source":"νῦν δέ σε τῶν ὄπιθεν γουνάζομαι, οὐ παρεόντων,"}]},{"lemma":"γουνόομαι","count":6,"glosses":["I clasp your knees","praying","I beg you","entreat","I prayed"],"forms":["γουνοῦμαί","γουνούμενος","γουνοῦσθαι","γουνούμην"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive infinitive","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"γουνόομαι, lit. 'clasp the knees (of)' — supplication gesture lexicalized into the verb 'beseech'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.433","id":"b4-l433","source":"ἤια πολλὰ θεοὺς γουνούμενος· αὐτὰρ ἑταίρους"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.149","id":"b6-l149","source":"γουνοῦμαί σε, ἄνασσα· θεός νύ τις, ἦ βροτός\n                     ἐσσι;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.521","id":"b10-l521","source":"πολλὰ δὲ γουνοῦσθαι νεκύων ἀμενηνὰ κάρηνα,"}]},{"lemma":"γουνός","count":3,"glosses":["the ridge","the slope","hill"],"forms":["γουνὸν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.193","id":"b1-l193","source":"ἑρπύζοντʼ ἀνὰ γουνὸν ἀλωῆς οἰνοπέδοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.193","id":"b11-l193","source":"πάντῃ οἱ κατὰ γουνὸν ἀλωῆς οἰνοπέδοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.323","id":"b11-l323","source":"ἐκ Κρήτης ἐς γουνὸν Ἀθηνάων ἱεράων"}]},{"lemma":"γραῖα","count":1,"glosses":["of the old woman"],"forms":["γραίης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.438","id":"b1-l438","source":"καὶ τὸν μὲν γραίης πυκιμηδέος ἔμβαλε χερσίν."}]},{"lemma":"γραπτύς","count":1,"glosses":["scratches"],"forms":["γραπτῦς"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.229","id":"b24-l229","source":"κνημῖδας ῥαπτὰς δέδετο, γραπτῦς ἀλεείνων,"}]},{"lemma":"γραῦς","count":22,"glosses":["old woman","the old woman","an old woman","aged woman","old"],"forms":["γρηῢς","γρῆυς","γρηῒ","γρηῦς","γρηῦ","γρηὶ","γρηῢ","γρηΰ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","vocative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"γραῦς 'old woman' (feminine of γέρων) shows the alternate stem γρη- used in oblique cases — a common irregular noun to 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λέλυνται."}]},{"lemma":"γυμνός","count":3,"glosses":["bare","naked"],"forms":["γυμνός","γυμνὸν"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"γυμνός 'bare': this single arrow lay unsheathed on the table, unlike the others still in the quiver.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.136","id":"b6-l136","source":"μίξεσθαι, γυμνός περ ἐών· χρειὼ γὰρ ἵκανε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.607","id":"b11-l607","source":"γυμνὸν τόξον ἔχων καὶ ἐπὶ νευρῆφιν ὀιστόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.417","id":"b21-l417","source":"γυμνός· τοὶ δʼ ἄλλοι κοίλης ἔντοσθε φαρέτρης"}]},{"lemma":"γυμνόω","count":3,"glosses":["to be naked","stripped","was stripped"],"forms":["γυμνοῦσθαι","γυμνωθέντα","γυμνώθη"],"morphology":["present medio-passive infinitive","aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Aorist 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ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶ"}]},{"lemma":"Γυραί","count":2,"glosses":["onto the Gyrae","Gyraean"],"forms":["Γυρῇσίν","Γυραίην"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"Proper name of the rocks where Ajax met his death, key to this whole digression.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.500","id":"b4-l500","source":"Γυρῇσίν μιν πρῶτα Ποσειδάων ἐπέλασσεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.507","id":"b4-l507","source":"ἤλασε Γυραίην πέτρην, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔσχισεν αὐτήν·"}]},{"lemma":"γυρός","count":1,"glosses":["round-shouldered"],"forms":["γυρὸς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.246","id":"b19-l246","source":"γυρὸς ἐν ὤμοισιν, μελανόχροος, οὐλοκάρηνος,"}]},{"lemma":"γωρυτός","count":1,"glosses":["case"],"forms":["γωρυτῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine 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