{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc"},"letter":"ι","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/words/iota","headwords":[{"lemma":"ʼἰασίων","count":1,"glosses":["Iasion"],"forms":["Ἰασίωνι"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.125","id":"b5-l125","source":"ὣς δʼ ὁπότʼ Ἰασίωνι ἐυπλόκαμος Δημήτηρ,"}]},{"lemma":"Ἴασος","count":1,"glosses":["Iasian"],"forms":["Ἴασον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.246","id":"b18-l246","source":"εἰ πάντες σε ἴδοιεν ἀνʼ Ἴασον Ἄργος Ἀχαιοί,"}]},{"lemma":"ἴδιος","count":2,"glosses":["private"],"forms":["ἰδίη","ἴδιον"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"ἰδίη, contrasted with δήμιος 'public' — Telemachus signals this is personal family business, not state affairs","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.82","id":"b3-l82","source":"πρῆξις δʼ ἥδʼ ἰδίη, οὐ δήμιος, ἣν ἀγορεύω."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.314","id":"b4-l314","source":"δήμιον ἦ ἴδιον; τόδε μοι νημερτὲς ἐνίσπες."}]},{"lemma":"ἴδρις","count":3,"glosses":["skilled"],"forms":["ἴδρις","ἴδριες"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ἴδρις 'knowing, skilled'—same root idea as ἰδυίῃσι above (οἶδα 'know'), reinforcing the theme of craft-knowledge running through this passage.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.233","id":"b6-l233","source":"ἴδρις, ὃν Ἥφαιστος δέδαεν καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.108","id":"b7-l108","source":"ὅσσον Φαίηκες περὶ πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.160","id":"b23-l160","source":"ἴδρις, ὃν Ἥφαιστος δέδαεν καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη"}]},{"lemma":"Ἴθακος","count":1,"glosses":["Ithacus"],"forms":["Ἴθακος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.207","id":"b17-l207","source":"τὴν ποίησʼ Ἴθακος καὶ Νήριτος ἠδὲ Πολύκτωρ·"}]},{"lemma":"ἴκελος","count":7,"glosses":["like","like, resembling"],"forms":["ἴκελος","ἴκελοι","ἰκέλη","ἴκελον"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ἴκελος + dative τῷ, 'like that beggar' — repeats the disguise motif","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.249","id":"b4-l249","source":"τῷ ἴκελος κατέδυ Τρώων πόλιν, οἱ δʼ ἀβάκησαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.54","id":"b5-l54","source":"τῷ ἴκελος πολέεσσιν ὀχήσατο κύμασιν Ἑρμῆς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.418","id":"b12-l418","source":"οἱ δὲ κορώνῃσιν ἴκελοι περὶ νῆα μέλαιναν"}]},{"lemma":"ἴκμενος","count":4,"glosses":["favorable","fair","favoring"],"forms":["ἴκμενον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.420","id":"b2-l420","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.7","id":"b11-l7","source":"ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει πλησίστιον, ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.149","id":"b12-l149","source":"ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει πλησίστιον, ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον,"}]},{"lemma":"ἴκρια","count":8,"glosses":["deck","deck-planks","cross-planks","the deck","the deck planks"],"forms":["ἰκριόφιν","ἴκρια"],"morphology":["genitive plural neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"ἴκρια, the ship's raised deck-planks where sailors slept","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.353","id":"b3-l353","source":"νηὸς ἐπʼ ἰκριόφιν καταλέξεται, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγώ γε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.163","id":"b5-l163","source":"εὐρεῖαν σχεδίην· ἀτὰρ ἴκρια πῆξαι ἐπʼ αὐτῆς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.252","id":"b5-l252","source":"ἴκρια δὲ στήσας, ἀραρὼν θαμέσι σταμίνεσσι,"}]},{"lemma":"Ἴλιος","count":16,"glosses":["Ilium","Ilion","Ilion, Troy","Ilion (Troy)","to Ilium","to Ilion"],"forms":["Ἴλιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":"accusative of goal with a motion verb, no preposition needed in epic Greek.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.18","id":"b2-l18","source":"Ἴλιον εἰς ἐύπωλον ἔβη κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσίν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.172","id":"b2-l172","source":"ὥς οἱ ἐμυθεόμην, ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰσανέβαινον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.495","id":"b8-l495","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἐμπλήσας οἵ ῥʼ Ἴλιον ἐξαλάπαξαν."}]},{"lemma":"ἴον","count":1,"glosses":["of violet"],"forms":["ἴου"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.72","id":"b5-l72","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ λειμῶνες μαλακοὶ ἴου ἠδὲ σελίνου"}]},{"lemma":"ἴουλος","count":1,"glosses":["down (beard)"],"forms":["ἰούλους"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.319","id":"b11-l319","source":"ἀμφοτέρω, πρίν σφωιν ὑπὸ κροτάφοισιν ἰούλους"}]},{"lemma":"ἴς","count":16,"glosses":["force","strength","might","the force","sinews","force, might","strength/might","might, strength","strength, force"],"forms":["ἲς","ἶν","ἶνες","ἴς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο 'the sacred force of Telemachus', a periphrasis for 'Telemachus' himself.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.409","id":"b2-l409","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειφʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.71","id":"b9-l71","source":"τριχθά τε καὶ τετραχθὰ διέσχισεν ἲς ἀνέμοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.538","id":"b9-l538","source":"ἧκʼ ἐπιδινήσας, ἐπέρεισε δὲ ἶνʼ ἀπέλεθρον,"}]},{"lemma":"ἴσθμιον","count":1,"glosses":["choker/necklace"],"forms":["ἴσθμιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.300","id":"b18-l300","source":"ἴσθμιον ἤνεικεν θεράπων, περικαλλὲς ἄγαλμα."}]},{"lemma":"ἴσκε","count":2,"glosses":["he told","supposed"],"forms":["ἴσκε","ἴσκεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"rare epic verb ἴσκε 'made (something) seem like' — used of skillful, convincing lying","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.203","id":"b19-l203","source":"ἴσκε ψεύδεα πολλὰ λέγων ἐτύμοισιν ὁμοῖα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.31","id":"b22-l31","source":"ἴσκεν ἕκαστος ἀνήρ, ἐπεὶ ἦ φάσαν οὐκ ἐθέλοντα"}]},{"lemma":"ἴσκω","count":1,"glosses":["making like"],"forms":["ἴσκουσ"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"ἴσκω 'to make resemble', describing Helen mimicking each wife's voice — a striking, uncanny epic detail.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.279","id":"b4-l279","source":"πάντων Ἀργείων φωνὴν ἴσκουσʼ ἀλόχοισιν."}]},{"lemma":"Ἴσμαρος","count":2,"glosses":["Ismarus","Ismaros"],"forms":["Ἰσμάρῳ","Ἴσμαρον"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Enjambment: Ἰσμάρῳ completes the previous line's πέλασσεν before the new sentence begins.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.40","id":"b9-l40","source":"Ἰσμάρῳ. ἔνθα δʼ ἐγὼ πόλιν ἔπραθον, ὤλεσα δʼ αὐτούς·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.198","id":"b9-l198","source":"ἱρεὺς Ἀπόλλωνος, ὃς Ἴσμαρον ἀμφιβεβήκει,"}]},{"lemma":"ἴσος","count":22,"glosses":["equal to","equal","equally","balanced","equal share","like","trim","equal to, like","equal/same","equal/fair"],"forms":["ἶσα","ἶσον","ἶσος","ἐῖσαι","ἴσης","ἐΐσης","ἴσην","ἶσόν"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"ἶσα + dative ὄρεσσιν 'equal to the mountains' — hyperbolic simile-like phrase for wave height.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.432","id":"b1-l432","source":"ἶσα δέ μιν κεδνῇ ἀλόχῳ τίεν ἐν μεγάροισιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.203","id":"b2-l203","source":"χρήματα δʼ αὖτε κακῶς βεβρώσεται, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἶσα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.290","id":"b3-l290","source":"κύματά τε τροφέοντο πελώρια, ἶσα ὄρεσσιν."}]},{"lemma":"ἴσχιον","count":1,"glosses":["at the hip"],"forms":["ἰσχίῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.234","id":"b17-l234","source":"ἰσχίῳ· οὐδέ μιν ἐκτὸς ἀταρπιτοῦ ἐστυφέλιξεν,"}]},{"lemma":"ἴσχω","count":16,"glosses":["hold back","holds, detains","holding","holds","to hold back","hold back from","to restrain, hold back","hold back!","hold back, stop"],"forms":["ἴσχεο","ἴσχει","ἴσχεσθαι","ἴσχουσ","ἴσχων","ἰσχέμεναί","ἴσχεσθ","ἴσχεσθε"],"morphology":["present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive infinitive","present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active infinitive"],"note":"ἴσχω, reduplicated present of ἔχω, 'restrain/hold in' — the pens can no longer contain the eager calves.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.558","id":"b4-l558","source":"ἴσχει· ὁ δʼ οὐ δύναται ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.15","id":"b5-l15","source":"ἴσχει· ὁ δʼ οὐ δύναται ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.413","id":"b10-l413","source":"ἴσχουσʼ, ἀλλʼ ἁδινὸν μυκώμεναι ἀμφιθέουσι·"}]},{"lemma":"Ἴτυλος","count":1,"glosses":["Itylus"],"forms":["Ἴτυλον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.522","id":"b19-l522","source":"παῖδʼ ὀλοφυρομένη Ἴτυλον φίλον, ὅν ποτε χαλκῷ"}]},{"lemma":"ἴφθιμος","count":17,"glosses":["mighty","strong","noble","strong, mighty","sturdy"],"forms":["ἰφθίμῃ","ἰφθίμῳ","ἰφθίμη","ἰφθίμοισιν","ἰφθίμου","ἴφθιμοι","ἰφθίμην","ἴφθιμον","ἰφθίμοισι","ἰφθίμους","ἰφθίμων"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective"],"note":"ἴφθιμος, stock epithet for strength/vigor, here applied to the girl","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.365","id":"b4-l365","source":"Πρωτέος ἰφθίμου θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.106","id":"b10-l106","source":"θυγατέρʼ ἰφθίμῃ Λαιστρυγόνος Ἀντιφάταο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.119","id":"b10-l119","source":"φοίτων ἴφθιμοι Λαιστρυγόνες ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος,"}]},{"lemma":"ἴφιος","count":7,"glosses":["sturdy","fat"],"forms":["ἴφια"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.108","id":"b11-l108","source":"βοσκομένας δʼ εὕρητε βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.128","id":"b12-l128","source":"βόσκοντʼ Ἠελίοιο βόες καὶ ἴφια μῆλα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.263","id":"b12-l263","source":"πολλὰ δὲ ἴφια μῆλʼ Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο."}]},{"lemma":"Ἴφιτος","count":3,"glosses":["Iphitus"],"forms":["Ἴφιτος","Ἴφιτον"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.14","id":"b21-l14","source":"Ἴφιτος Εὐρυτίδης, ἐπιείκελος ἀθανάτοισι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.22","id":"b21-l22","source":"Ἴφιτος αὖθʼ ἵππους διζήμενος, αἵ οἱ ὄλοντο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.37","id":"b21-l37","source":"Ἴφιτον Εὐρυτίδην, ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοισιν,"}]},{"lemma":"ἴχνιον","count":5,"glosses":["footsteps","the footsteps","tracks"],"forms":["ἴχνια","ἴχνι"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"μετ᾽ ἴχνια βαίνειν, 'walk in the footsteps of', a formulaic phrase for following a guide.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.406","id":"b2-l406","source":"καρπαλίμως· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα μετʼ ἴχνια βαῖνε θεοῖο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.30","id":"b3-l30","source":"καρπαλίμως· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα μετʼ ἴχνια βαῖνε θεοῖο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.193","id":"b5-l193","source":"καρπαλίμως· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα μετʼ ἴχνια βαῖνε θεοῖο."}]},{"lemma":"ἴχνος","count":1,"glosses":["by scent, tracks"],"forms":["ἴχνεσι"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.317","id":"b17-l317","source":"κνώδαλον, ὅττι δίοιτο· καὶ ἴχνεσι γὰρ περιῄδη·"}]},{"lemma":"Ἶλος","count":1,"glosses":["Ilus"],"forms":["Ἴλου"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.259","id":"b1-l259","source":"ἐξ Ἐφύρης ἀνιόντα παρʼ Ἴλου Μερμερίδαο—"}]},{"lemma":"Ἶρος","count":12,"glosses":["Irus","Iros","for Irus","of Iros","than Iros"],"forms":["Ἶρος","Ἶρον","Ἴρῳ","Ἴρου"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"nickname from Iris, messenger goddess—mocking his errand-running (see l7).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.6","id":"b18-l6","source":"ἐκ γενετῆς· Ἶρον δὲ νέοι κίκλησκον ἅπαντες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.25","id":"b18-l25","source":"τὸν δὲ χολωσάμενος προσεφώνεεν Ἶρος ἀλήτης·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.38","id":"b18-l38","source":"ὁ ξεῖνός τε καὶ Ἶρος ἐρίζετον ἀλλήλοιϊν"}]},{"lemma":"ἶφι","count":4,"glosses":["mightily","by force"],"forms":["ἶφι"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"ἶφι, old instrumental adverb 'by force/might' — fossilized Homeric case form.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.284","id":"b11-l284","source":"ὅς ποτʼ ἐν Ὀρχομενῷ Μινυείῳ ἶφι ἄνασσεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.443","id":"b17-l443","source":"Δμήτορι Ἰασίδῃ, ὃς Κύπρου ἶφι ἄνασσεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.57","id":"b18-l57","source":"πλήξῃ ἀτασθάλλων, τούτῳ δέ με ἶφι δαμάσσῃ."}]},{"lemma":"ἶψ","count":1,"glosses":["worms"],"forms":["ἶπες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"ἶπες, wood-boring worms/grubs — a concrete, homely image amid epic diction","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.395","id":"b21-l395","source":"μὴ κέρα ἶπες ἔδοιεν ἀποιχομένοιο ἄνακτος."}]},{"lemma":"ἰάλλω","count":19,"glosses":["reached out","put forth","hurl","throw","threw, tied","laid, threw","putting to","to assail","sent","throw, cast"],"forms":["ἴαλλον","ἰήλω","ἴηλον","ἴηλεν","ἴαλλε","ἰάλλοντα","ἰάλλειν","ἴαλλεν","ἰῆλαι"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, accusative singular masculine","present active infinitive","aorist active infinitive"],"note":"χεῖρας ἴαλλον ('cast/threw their hands') is a Homeric formula for beginning to eat, found almost verbatim at other feast scenes in both epics.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.149","id":"b1-l149","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.316","id":"b2-l316","source":"πειρήσω, ὥς κʼ ὔμμι κακὰς ἐπὶ κῆρας ἰήλω,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.67","id":"b4-l67","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον."}]},{"lemma":"ἰάομαι","count":3,"glosses":["will heal","healing"],"forms":["ἰήσεται","ἰησάμενοι"],"morphology":["future perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"Rare future perfect middle form ἰήσεται — vivid emphatic future, 'will indeed heal.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.520","id":"b9-l520","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσʼ, ἰήσεται, οὐδέ τις ἄλλος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.525","id":"b9-l525","source":"ὡς οὐκ ὀφθαλμόν γʼ ἰήσεται οὐδʼ ἐνοσίχθων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.460","id":"b19-l460","source":"εὖ ἰησάμενοι ἠδʼ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα πορόντες"}]},{"lemma":"ἰάπτω","count":2,"glosses":["may mar","mar"],"forms":["ἰάπτῃ","ἰάπτῃς"],"morphology":["present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"ἰάπτω 'damage/afflict' — vivid word for tears marring the skin","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.376","id":"b2-l376","source":"ὡς ἂν μὴ κλαίουσα κατὰ χρόα καλὸν ἰάπτῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.749","id":"b4-l749","source":"ὡς ἂν μὴ κλαίουσα κατὰ χρόα καλὸν ἰάπτῃς."}]},{"lemma":"Ἰάρδανος","count":1,"glosses":["of Iardanus"],"forms":["Ἰαρδάνου"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine 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χεῖρας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.392","id":"b9-l392","source":"εἰν ὕδατι ψυχρῷ βάπτῃ μεγάλα ἰάχοντα"}]},{"lemma":"ἰαίνω","count":11,"glosses":["was warmed","is warmed","grew warm","heat","was warmed, gladdened","warms","I am warmed","been warmed"],"forms":["ἰάνθη","ἰαίνετο","ἰαίνεται","ἰήνατε","ἰαίνει","ἰαίνομαι","ἰανθῇ","ἰάνθης"],"morphology":["aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"ἰάνθη, metaphor of the heart 'thawing' with relief/comfort","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.549","id":"b4-l549","source":"αὖτις ἐνὶ στήθεσσι καὶ ἀχνυμένῳ περ ἰάνθη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.840","id":"b4-l840","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο· φίλον δέ οἱ ἦτορ ἰάνθη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.156","id":"b6-l156","source":"αἰὲν ἐυφροσύνῃσιν ἰαίνεται εἵνεκα σεῖο,"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰασίδης","count":2,"glosses":["son of Iasus"],"forms":["Ἰασίδαο","Ἰασίδῃ"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"patronymic in -ίδης, 'son of Iasus' — standard epic naming pattern.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.283","id":"b11-l283","source":"ὁπλοτάτην κούρην Ἀμφίονος Ἰασίδαο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.443","id":"b17-l443","source":"Δμήτορι Ἰασίδῃ, ὃς Κύπρου ἶφι ἄνασσεν·"}]},{"lemma":"ἰατήρ","count":1,"glosses":["a healer"],"forms":["ἰητῆρα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.384","id":"b17-l384","source":"μάντιν ἢ ἰητῆρα 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αἶγες, ἰαύεσκον· περὶ δʼ αὐλὴ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.261","id":"b11-l261","source":"ἣ δὴ καὶ Διὸς εὔχετʼ ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσιν ἰαῦσαι,"}]},{"lemma":"ἰαχή","count":1,"glosses":["cry"],"forms":["ἰαχῇ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.43","id":"b11-l43","source":"θεσπεσίῃ ἰαχῇ· ἐμὲ δὲ χλωρὸν δέος ᾕρει."}]},{"lemma":"Ἰαωλκός","count":1,"glosses":["Iolcus"],"forms":["Ἰαωλκῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.256","id":"b11-l256","source":"ἀμφοτέρω· Πελίης μὲν ἐν εὐρυχόρῳ Ἰαωλκῷ"}]},{"lemma":"ἰδέ","count":10,"glosses":["and"],"forms":["ἰδὲ","ἰδ"],"morphology":["conjunction"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.10","id":"b3-l10","source":"οἱ δʼ ἰθὺς κατάγοντο ἰδʼ ἱστία νηὸς 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δʼ ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὑψόσʼ ἀερθεὶς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.85","id":"b22-l85","source":"κάππεσεν ἰδνωθείς, ἀπὸ δʼ εἴδατα χεῦεν ἔραζε"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰδομενεύς","count":6,"glosses":["Idomeneus","of Idomeneus"],"forms":["Ἰδομενῆα","Ἰδομενεὺς","Ἰδομενῆος","Ἰδομενῆϊ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Ἰδομενεύς, king of Crete in the Trojan War — a name-drop lending false credibility","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.191","id":"b3-l191","source":"πάντας δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρήτην εἰσήγαγʼ ἑταίρους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.259","id":"b13-l259","source":"φεύγω, ἐπεὶ φίλον υἷα κατέκτανον Ἰδομενῆος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.237","id":"b14-l237","source":"δὴ τότʼ ἔμʼ ἤνωγον καὶ ἀγακλυτὸν Ἰδομενῆα"}]},{"lemma":"ἰδυῖα","count":3,"glosses":["skilled, knowing","knowing/skilled","knowing"],"forms":["ἰδυῖα","ἰδυίῃσι"],"morphology":["perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","perfect active participle, dative plural feminine"],"note":"ἰδυῖα (perf. participle of οἶδα) means 'knowing' in the sense of practiced skill — Eurycleia's expertise, not mere knowledge.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.428","id":"b1-l428","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἅμʼ αἰθομένας δαΐδας φέρε κεδνὰ ἰδυῖα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.92","id":"b7-l92","source":"οὓς Ἥφαιστος ἔτευξεν ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.57","id":"b20-l57","source":"λυσιμελής, ἄλοχος δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπέγρετο κεδνὰ ἰδυῖα·"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰήσων","count":1,"glosses":["Jason"],"forms":["Ἰήσων"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Hera's favor for Jason, from the Argonaut legend, is invoked as the reason the Argo survived.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.72","id":"b12-l72","source":"ἀλλʼ Ἥρη παρέπεμψεν, ἐπεὶ φίλος ἦεν Ἰήσων."}]},{"lemma":"Ἰθάκη","count":78,"glosses":["Ithaca","of Ithaca","in Ithaca","from Ithaca","Ithaca's","to Ithaca"],"forms":["Ἰθάκης","Ἰθάκην","Ἰθάκῃ","Ἰθάκη"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"genitive of separation with τῆλε 'far': 'far from Ithaca'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.18","id":"b1-l18","source":"εἰς Ἰθάκην, οὐδʼ ἔνθα πεφυγμένος ἦεν ἀέθλων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.57","id":"b1-l57","source":"θέλγει, ὅπως Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήσεται· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.103","id":"b1-l103","source":"στῆ δʼ Ἰθάκης ἐνὶ δήμῳ ἐπὶ προθύροις Ὀδυσῆος,"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰθάκηνδε","count":5,"glosses":["to Ithaca"],"forms":["Ἰθάκηνδε","Ἰθάκηνδ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"Ἰθάκηνδε, place-name plus directional -δε suffix ('to Ithaca'), same construction as δόμονδε above.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.88","id":"b1-l88","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν Ἰθάκηνδʼ ἐσελεύσομαι, ὄφρα οἱ υἱὸν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.163","id":"b1-l163","source":"εἰ κεῖνόν γʼ Ἰθάκηνδε ἰδοίατο νοστήσαντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.361","id":"b11-l361","source":"πᾶσιν, ὅσοι μʼ Ἰθάκηνδε ἰδοίατο νοστήσαντα."}]},{"lemma":"ἰθαγενής","count":1,"glosses":["with legitimate sons"],"forms":["ἰθαιγενέεσσιν"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"ἰθαγενής 'born in wedlock' directly opposes ὠνητή/παλλακίς from the line before — the contrast is the point.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.203","id":"b14-l203","source":"παλλακίς, ἀλλά με ἶσον ἰθαιγενέεσσιν ἐτίμα"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰθακήσιος","count":10,"glosses":["men of Ithaca","of Ithaca","the Ithacans","Ithacans"],"forms":["Ἰθακήσιοι","Ἰθακήσιος"],"morphology":["vocative plural masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"vocative plural addressing the assembly directly.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.25","id":"b2-l25","source":"κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν\n                     εἴπω·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.161","id":"b2-l161","source":"κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν\n                     εἴπω·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.229","id":"b2-l229","source":"κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν\n                     εἴπω·"}]},{"lemma":"ἰθύνω","count":13,"glosses":["made straight","steered","he might steer","he steered","steer","kept on course","trued straight","aimed","I made straight"],"forms":["ἴθυνεν","ἰθύνετο","ἴθυνον","ἴθυνε","ἰθύνοι","ἰθύνετε","ἴθυνα"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"optative ἰθύνοι after ὄφρα: purpose clause, 'so he could steer'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.245","id":"b5-l245","source":"ξέσσε δʼ ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.255","id":"b5-l255","source":"πρὸς δʼ ἄρα πηδάλιον ποιήσατο, ὄφρʼ ἰθύνοι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.270","id":"b5-l270","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ πηδαλίῳ ἰθύνετο τεχνηέντως"}]},{"lemma":"ἰθύς","count":14,"glosses":["straight","straight in","venture","upward course","disposition, leaning"],"forms":["ἰθὺς","ἰθύν","ἰθὺν"],"morphology":["adverb","accusative singular feminine noun","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.119","id":"b1-l119","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰθὺς προθύροιο, νεμεσσήθη δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.301","id":"b2-l301","source":"Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἰθὺς γελάσας κίε Τηλεμάχοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.10","id":"b3-l10","source":"οἱ δʼ ἰθὺς κατάγοντο ἰδʼ ἱστία νηὸς ἐίσης"}]},{"lemma":"ἰθύω","count":2,"glosses":["would rush","she was eager"],"forms":["ἰθύσει","ἴθυσέν"],"morphology":["aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"aorist optative in iterative sense: repeated past action, 'every time he lunged'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.591","id":"b11-l591","source":"τῶν ὁπότʼ ἰθύσειʼ ὁ γέρων ἐπὶ χερσὶ μάσασθαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.408","id":"b22-l408","source":"ἴθυσέν ῥʼ ὀλολύξαι, ἐπεὶ μέγα εἴσιδεν ἔργον·"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰκάριος","count":18,"glosses":["of Icarius","Icarius","to Icarius"],"forms":["Ἰκαρίοιο","Ἰκαρίου","Ἰκαρίῳ"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective","genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.329","id":"b1-l329","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.53","id":"b2-l53","source":"Ἰκαρίου, ὥς κʼ αὐτὸς ἐεδνώσαιτο θύγατρα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.133","id":"b2-l133","source":"Ἰκαρίῳ, αἴ κʼ αὐτὸς ἑκὼν ἀπὸ μητέρα πέμψω."}]},{"lemma":"Ἰκμάλιος","count":1,"glosses":["Icmalius"],"forms":["Ἰκμάλιος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"minor craftsman named only here for his footstool — a one-line Homeric aside.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.57","id":"b19-l57","source":"ποίησʼ Ἰκμάλιος, καὶ ὑπὸ θρῆνυν ποσὶν ἧκε"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰλιόθεν","count":1,"glosses":["from Ilium"],"forms":["Ἰλιόθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.39","id":"b9-l39","source":"Ἰλιόθεν με φέρων ἄνεμος Κικόνεσσι πέλασσεν,"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰλιόθι","count":1,"glosses":["at Ilium"],"forms":["Ἰλιόθι"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.581","id":"b8-l581","source":"ἦ τίς τοι καὶ πηὸς ἀπέφθιτο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ"}]},{"lemma":"ἰνδάλλομαι","count":2,"glosses":["he seems","appears/pictures"],"forms":["ἰνδάλλεται"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ἰνδάλλομαι 'appear/seem like' — a vivid verb of visual impression, rare outside epic.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.246","id":"b3-l246","source":"ὥς τέ μοι ἀθάνατος ἰνδάλλεται εἰσοράασθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.224","id":"b19-l224","source":"αὐτάρ τοι ἐρέω ὥς μοι ἰνδάλλεται ἦτορ."}]},{"lemma":"Ἰνώ","count":2,"glosses":["Ino"],"forms":["Ἰνώ","Ἰνὼ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Ino/Leucothea, the sea-goddess who earlier gave Odysseus her veil; now reclaims it.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.333","id":"b5-l333","source":"τὸν δὲ ἴδεν Κάδμου θυγάτηρ, καλλίσφυρος Ἰνώ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.461","id":"b5-l461","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἔφερεν μέγα κῦμα κατὰ ῥόον, αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἰνὼ"}]},{"lemma":"ἰξύς","count":2,"glosses":["around her waist","her waist"],"forms":["ἰξυῖ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.231","id":"b5-l231","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ χαρίεν, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετʼ ἰξυῖ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.544","id":"b10-l544","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ χαρίεν, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετʼ ἰξυῖ"}]},{"lemma":"ἰός","count":10,"glosses":["arrows","arrow","of arrows","an arrow","with the arrow"],"forms":["ἰὸν","ἰῶν","ἰοί","ἰοὺς","ἰὸς","ἰῷ","ἰοὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.262","id":"b1-l262","source":"ἰοὺς χρίεσθαι χαλκήρεας· ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν οὔ οἱ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.62","id":"b20-l62","source":"ἰὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι βαλοῦσʼ ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.423","id":"b21-l423","source":"ἰὸς χαλκοβαρής· ὁ δὲ Τηλέμαχον προσέειπε·"}]},{"lemma":"ἰότης","count":8,"glosses":["by the will","by the will of","by the wish"],"forms":["ἰότητι"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"ἰότητι: instrumental dative, 'by the will/design (of the gods)' — poetic noun rare outside Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.214","id":"b7-l214","source":"ὅσσα γε δὴ ξύμπαντα θεῶν ἰότητι μόγησα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.341","id":"b11-l341","source":"κτήματʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι θεῶν ἰότητι κέονται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.384","id":"b11-l384","source":"ἐν νόστῳ δʼ ἀπόλοντο κακῆς ἰότητι γυναικός."}]},{"lemma":"ἰοδνεφής","count":2,"glosses":["violet-dark"],"forms":["ἰοδνεφὲς"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"ἰοδνεφής 'violet-dark' describing wool — a striking color compound rare even in Homer","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.135","id":"b4-l135","source":"ἠλακάτη τετάνυστο ἰοδνεφὲς εἶρος ἔχουσα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.426","id":"b9-l426","source":"καλοί τε μεγάλοι τε, ἰοδνεφὲς εἶρος ἔχοντες·"}]},{"lemma":"ἰοδόκος","count":2,"glosses":["arrow-holding"],"forms":["ἰοδόκος","ἰοδόκον"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"ἰοδόκος 'arrow-receiving', a fixed epithet describing the quiver","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.12","id":"b21-l12","source":"ἰοδόκος, πολλοὶ δʼ ἔνεσαν στονόεντες ὀϊστοί,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.60","id":"b21-l60","source":"ἰοδόκον· πολλοὶ δʼ ἔνεσαν στονόεντες ὀϊστοί."}]},{"lemma":"ἰοειδής","count":2,"glosses":["violet"],"forms":["ἰοειδέος","ἰοειδέα"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ἰοειδής, 'violet-colored,' a Homeric color epithet for the deep sea.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.56","id":"b5-l56","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐκ πόντου βὰς ἰοειδέος ἤπειρόνδε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.107","id":"b11-l107","source":"Θρινακίῃ νήσῳ, προφυγὼν ἰοειδέα πόντον,"}]},{"lemma":"ἰονθάς","count":1,"glosses":["shaggy"],"forms":["ἰονθάδος"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"rare adjective ἰονθάς 'downy/shaggy', found almost only here in Homer","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.50","id":"b14-l50","source":"ἐστόρεσεν δʼ ἐπὶ δέρμα ἰονθάδος ἀγρίου αἰγός,"}]},{"lemma":"ἰοχέαιρα","count":4,"glosses":["arrow-pouring","arrow-shooting","archer goddess","archer"],"forms":["ἰοχέαιρα"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"ἰοχέαιρα 'shooter of arrows' — Artemis's standing epic epithet as huntress 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verb"],"note":"ἰσωσαίμην: aorist optative of ἰσόω, potential optative with κεν — 'I could compare myself'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.212","id":"b7-l212","source":"ἀνθρώπων, τοῖσίν κεν ἐν ἄλγεσιν ἰσωσαίμην."}]},{"lemma":"ἰσοφόρος","count":1,"glosses":["of equal pull"],"forms":["ἰσοφόροι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.373","id":"b18-l373","source":"ἥλικες, ἰσοφόροι, τῶν τε σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν,"}]},{"lemma":"ἰσχάνω","count":1,"glosses":["hold, restrain"],"forms":["ἴσχανε"],"morphology":["present active imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.42","id":"b19-l42","source":"σίγα καὶ κατὰ σὸν νόον ἴσχανε μηδʼ ἐρέεινε·"}]},{"lemma":"ἰσχαλέος","count":1,"glosses":["dried"],"forms":["ἰσχαλέοιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.233","id":"b19-l233","source":"οἷόν τε κρομύοιο λοπὸν κάτα ἰσχαλέοιο·"}]},{"lemma":"ἰσχανάω","count":3,"glosses":["hold back, wait","longing","you detain"],"forms":["ἰσχανόωνται","ἰσχανόων","ἰσχανάᾳς"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"ἰσχανάω 'restrain oneself, wait eagerly' — the guests are too polite to eat or act before the king speaks.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.161","id":"b7-l161","source":"οἵδε δὲ σὸν μῦθον ποτιδέγμενοι ἰσχανόωνται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.288","id":"b8-l288","source":"ἰσχανόων φιλότητος ἐυστεφάνου Κυθερείης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.346","id":"b15-l346","source":"νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ ἰσχανάᾳς μεῖναι τέ με κεῖνον ἄνωγας,"}]},{"lemma":"ἰτέα","count":1,"glosses":["willows"],"forms":["ἰτέαι"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.510","id":"b10-l510","source":"μακραί τʼ αἴγειροι καὶ ἰτέαι ὠλεσίκαρποι,"}]},{"lemma":"ἰύζω","count":1,"glosses":["shouting, crying out"],"forms":["ἰΰζοντες"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.162","id":"b15-l162","source":"ἥμερον ἐξ αὐλῆς· οἱ δʼ ἰΰζοντες ἕποντο"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰφθίμη","count":1,"glosses":["Iphthime"],"forms":["Ἰφθίμῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.797","id":"b4-l797","source":"Ἰφθίμῃ, κούρῃ μεγαλήτορος Ἰκαρίοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰφικληεῖος","count":2,"glosses":["mighty Iphicles","Iphicles"],"forms":["Ἰφικληείης","Ἰφικληείη"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"βίης Ἰφικληείης, 'might of Iphicles' — periphrasis using βία + name for 'mighty X', epic idiom.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.290","id":"b11-l290","source":"ἐκ Φυλάκης ἐλάσειε βίης Ἰφικληείης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.296","id":"b11-l296","source":"καὶ τότε δή μιν ἔλυσε βίη Ἰφικληείη,"}]},{"lemma":"Ἰφιμέδεια","count":1,"glosses":["Iphimedeia"],"forms":["Ἰφιμέδειαν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.305","id":"b11-l305","source":"τὴν δὲ μετʼ Ἰφιμέδειαν, Ἀλωῆος παράκοιτιν"}]},{"lemma":"ἰχθύς","count":9,"glosses":["fish","fishes","for fish"],"forms":["ἰχθῦς","ἰχθύσι","ἰχθύες","ἰχθύας"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.53","id":"b5-l53","source":"ἰχθῦς ἀγρώσσων πυκινὰ πτερὰ δεύεται ἅλμῃ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.124","id":"b10-l124","source":"ἰχθῦς δʼ ὣς πείροντες ἀτερπέα δαῖτα φέροντο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.252","id":"b12-l252","source":"ἰχθύσι τοῖς ὀλίγοισι δόλον κατὰ εἴδατα βάλλων"}]},{"lemma":"ἰχθυάω","count":2,"glosses":["were fishing","fishes"],"forms":["ἰχθυάασκον","ἰχθυάᾳ"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Iterative verb ἰχθυάασκον with -ασκ- suffix denotes habitual, repeated past action.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.368","id":"b4-l368","source":"αἰεὶ γὰρ περὶ νῆσον ἀλώμενοι ἰχθυάασκον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.95","id":"b12-l95","source":"αὐτοῦ δʼ ἰχθυάᾳ, σκόπελον περιμαιμώωσα,"}]},{"lemma":"ἰχθυόεις","count":11,"glosses":["fish-filled","fishy"],"forms":["ἰχθυόεντα","ἰχθυόεντι"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine 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noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.261","id":"b17-l261","source":"στήτην ἐρχομένω, περὶ δέ σφεας ἤλυθʼ ἰωὴ"}]},{"lemma":"ἵζω","count":37,"glosses":["sat","seated","used to sit","sat down","set","seated her","clothed, put on him","set, stationed","sank down","she sat","settled","they sat","seat, set","he sat","he set","she seated them","she seated","having seated","sits","seated me","seating","having clothed","sat, kept watch","put on him","he sat down","will reach","he should sit","sit"],"forms":["ἷζε","εἷσε","εἷσεν","ἷζεν","ἵζεσκεν","ἕσσα","εἷσαν","εἷσον","ἕσασα","ἵζει","εἷσέ","ἕσας","ἕσσας","ἷζον","ἕσσε","ἵξετ","εἷσ","ἵζοιτο","ἵζ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist 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necessity.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.28","id":"b2-l28","source":"νῦν δὲ τίς ὧδʼ ἤγειρε; τίνα χρειὼ τόσον ἵκει"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.5","id":"b3-l5","source":"ἷξον· τοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ θινὶ θαλάσσης ἱερὰ ῥέζον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.31","id":"b3-l31","source":"ἷξον δʼ ἐς Πυλίων ἀνδρῶν ἄγυρίν τε καὶ ἕδρας,"}]},{"lemma":"ἵλημι","count":2,"glosses":["be gracious"],"forms":["ἵληθι","ἵληθ"],"morphology":["present active imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"rare imperative ἵληθι from defective ἵλημι, a ritual prayer-verb 'be propitious'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.380","id":"b3-l380","source":"ἀλλὰ ἄνασσʼ ἵληθι, δίδωθι δέ μοι κλέος ἐσθλόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.184","id":"b16-l184","source":"ἀλλʼ ἵληθʼ, ἵνα τοι κεχαρισμένα δώομεν ἱρὰ"}]},{"lemma":"ἵμερος","count":7,"glosses":["longing","desire"],"forms":["ἵμερον","ἵμερος"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.113","id":"b4-l113","source":"ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε\n                  γόοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.183","id":"b4-l183","source":"ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.215","id":"b16-l215","source":"ἀμφοτέροισι δὲ τοῖσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερος ὦρτο γόοιο·"}]},{"lemma":"ἵνα","count":98,"glosses":["so that","where","when, so that","on which"],"forms":["ἵνα","ἵν"],"morphology":["conjunction","adverb"],"note":"ἵνα + subjunctive (φθινύθω) introduces a purpose clause explaining why she wishes for death.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.95","id":"b1-l95","source":"ἠδʼ ἵνα μιν κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ἔχῃσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.135","id":"b1-l135","source":"ἠδʼ ἵνα μιν περὶ πατρὸς ἀποιχομένοιο ἔροιτο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.157","id":"b1-l157","source":"ἄγχι σχὼν κεφαλήν, ἵνα μὴ πευθοίαθʼ οἱ ἄλλοι·"}]},{"lemma":"ἵππειος","count":1,"glosses":["horses'"],"forms":["ἱππείῃσι"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"ἵππειος adjective 'of horses', modifying κάπῃσι (mangers)","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.40","id":"b4-l40","source":"καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέδησαν ἐφʼ ἱππείῃσι κάπῃσι,"}]},{"lemma":"ἵππος","count":42,"glosses":["horses","horse","the horses","with horses","of the horse","in the horse","horses, chariots","chariot","of the horses","the two horses","of horses","mares"],"forms":["ἵππους","ἵππων","ἵπποι","ἵππον","ἵπποισι","ἵππῳ","ἵππω","ἵπποισιν","ἵππου","ἵπποιϊν"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","dative plural masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","nominative dual masculine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","dative dual masculine noun","genitive plural feminine noun"],"note":"the Trojan Horse, referred to simply as ἵππος 'horse' here.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.324","id":"b3-l324","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις πεζός, πάρα τοι δίφρος τε καὶ ἵπποι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.369","id":"b3-l369","source":"πέμψον σὺν δίφρῳ τε καὶ υἱέι· δὸς δέ οἱ ἵππους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.475","id":"b3-l475","source":"παῖδες ἐμοί, ἄγε Τηλεμάχῳ καλλίτριχας ἵππους"}]},{"lemma":"ἵππουρις","count":1,"glosses":["with horsehair crest"],"forms":["ἵππουριν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"ἵππουρις, striking compound epithet: 'horse-tailed', vivid battle-gear detail","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.124","id":"b22-l124","source":"ἵππουριν, δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν·"}]},{"lemma":"ἵστημι","count":150,"glosses":["stood","standing","she stood","stand","stood up","to stand","having set up","he stood","took their stand","set","set up","they set up","having stood","setting up","halted","he set up","I stood","beginning","I moored","starting","stands, is moored","set/stood it","were standing","stands","would stand","moored","brought to rest","halted, stopped","I stationed, anchored","stop","to set","drawing up (in ranks)","I stood, climbed","they stood","to raise","we stood","we moored","pressed","set, raised","they raised/set","set it up","he stopped","stood/closed in","stood firm","had taken his stand","stopped","stood (fixed)","come","used to set up","stopping","stands set","stepped","had stood"],"forms":["στῆ","ἕστασαν","ἔσταν","στὰς","ἵστατο","ἔστη","ἔστησε","ἱστάμενος","στᾶσα","στῆσε","στῆσαν","ἵστασαν","στῆσα","ἑστήκει","στησάμενοι","ἔστην","ἔστησαν","ἱσταμένοιο","ἕστηκεν","στησαμένη","ἱσταμένη","στήσας","στῆθ","στῆσεν","ἵσταντ","ἵσταντο","ἑσταότες","στήσαντες","στῆναι","ἑσταότ","σταίη","στήσαντο","στάς","στήμεναι","στῆτέ","ἱσταμένῳ","ἑστεῶτες","στῆσαι","ἔστησεν","ἱστάμενοι","ἑσταότων","στήσειν","ἕσταμεν","ἑστεῶτ","στήσαμεν","στῆθι","στήτην","ἐστάθη","ἑστήκειν","στησαμένῃ","ἵστασθαι","ἵστασχ","στήσασα","ἑστάμεν","ἑστάμεναι","ἵστασο","ἑστήκῃ","ἕσταθ","ἑσταόθ","ἕστηκε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active infinitive","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","perfect active infinitive","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine","future active infinitive","pluperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb","aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle participle, dative singular feminine","present medio-passive infinitive","present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb","perfect active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","perfect active imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine","perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine"],"note":"ἵστατο is intransitive middle/passive here ('stood, were standing'), contrasting with the transitive active ἔστησε in l.127 — same verb, different voice and sense.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.103","id":"b1-l103","source":"στῆ δʼ Ἰθάκης ἐνὶ δήμῳ ἐπὶ προθύροις Ὀδυσῆος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.120","id":"b1-l120","source":"ξεῖνον δηθὰ θύρῃσιν ἐφεστάμεν· ἐγγύθι δὲ στὰς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.127","id":"b1-l127","source":"ἔγχος μέν ῥʼ ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα μακρὴν"}]},{"lemma":"ἱδρόω","count":1,"glosses":["sweating"],"forms":["ἱδρώοντας"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative plural masculine"],"note":"ἱδρόω participle, vivid physical detail of the tired horses","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.39","id":"b4-l39","source":"οἱ δʼ ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ ἱδρώοντας,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱδρύω","count":2,"glosses":["seated","having seated (him)"],"forms":["ἵδρυσεν","ἱδρύσασα"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"Aorist participle 'having seated' — Calypso's action precedes the main verb of speech.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.37","id":"b3-l37","source":"ἀμφοτέρων ἕλε χεῖρα καὶ ἵδρυσεν παρὰ δαιτὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.86","id":"b5-l86","source":"ἐν θρόνῳ ἱδρύσασα φαεινῷ σιγαλόεντι·"}]},{"lemma":"ἱδρώς","count":1,"glosses":["sweat"],"forms":["ἱδρὼς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.599","id":"b11-l599","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἂψ ὤσασκε τιταινόμενος, κατὰ δʼ ἱδρὼς"}]},{"lemma":"ἱέραξ","count":2,"glosses":["hawks","hawk"],"forms":["ἴρηκές","ἴρηξ"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.66","id":"b5-l66","source":"σκῶπές τʼ ἴρηκές τε τανύγλωσσοί τε κορῶναι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.86","id":"b13-l86","source":"ἡ δὲ μάλʼ ἀσφαλέως θέεν ἔμπεδον· οὐδέ κεν ἴρηξ"}]},{"lemma":"ἱερεῖον","count":4,"glosses":["victims","victim"],"forms":["ἱερήϊα","ἱερήια","ἱερήϊον"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":"ἱερήια: sacrificial animals, here the ram and ewe for the necromancy rite Circe instructed.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.23","id":"b11-l23","source":"ἔνθʼ ἱερήια μὲν Περιμήδης Εὐρύλοχός τε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.94","id":"b14-l94","source":"οὔ ποθʼ ἓν ἱρεύουσʼ ἱερήϊον, οὐδὲ δύʼ οἴω·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.250","id":"b14-l250","source":"δαίνυντʼ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἱερήϊα πολλὰ παρεῖχον"}]},{"lemma":"ἱερεύς","count":1,"glosses":["priest"],"forms":["ἱρεὺς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.198","id":"b9-l198","source":"ἱρεὺς Ἀπόλλωνος, ὃς Ἴσμαρον ἀμφιβεβήκει,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱερεύω","count":20,"glosses":["sacrificed","slaughtering","slaughtered","(will) sacrifice","I would offer","let us sacrifice","sacrificing","sacrifice","I may sacrifice","having sacrificed","to sacrifice","used to sacrifice","they slaughtered","they had sacrificed","sacrifice/slaughter"],"forms":["ἱερεύοντες","ἱέρευσεν","ἱερευσέμεν","ἱερεύσαντες","ἱέρευον","ἵρευον","ἱέρευσ","ἱερεύσομεν","ἱρεύουσ","ἱερεύσω","ἱρεύσασθαι","ἱρεύεσκον","ἱέρευσαν","ἱερεύσατε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative plural masculine","future active infinitive","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","aorist middle infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"ἱερεύω, lit. 'sacrifice/slaughter (an animal)' — here used for the suitors' wasteful feasting, not proper ritual sacrifice.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.56","id":"b2-l56","source":"βοῦς ἱερεύοντες καὶ ὄις καὶ πίονας αἶγας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.59","id":"b8-l59","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀλκίνοος δυοκαίδεκα μῆλʼ ἱέρευσεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.524","id":"b10-l524","source":"Τειρεσίῃ δʼ ἀπάνευθεν ὄιν ἱερευσέμεν οἴῳ"}]},{"lemma":"ἱερή","count":1,"glosses":["sacred"],"forms":["ἱερὰς"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.275","id":"b10-l275","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἰὼν ἱερὰς ἀνὰ βήσσας"}]},{"lemma":"ἱερόν","count":6,"glosses":["sacrifices","sacred","offerings","sacred offerings"],"forms":["ἱερὰ","ἱερὸν"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.5","id":"b3-l5","source":"ἷξον· τοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ θινὶ θαλάσσης ἱερὰ ῥέζον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.191","id":"b7-l191","source":"ῥέξομεν ἱερὰ καλά, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ περὶ πομπῆς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.2","id":"b8-l2","source":"ὤρνυτʼ ἄρʼ ἐξ εὐνῆς ἱερὸν μένος Ἀλκινόοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱερός","count":42,"glosses":["sacred","holy","sacrifices","offerings","the offerings","hallowed"],"forms":["ἱερὸν","ἱερὴ","ἱρὸν","ἱρὰ","ἱερὰς","ἱεροῖς","ἱερὰ","ἱρῶν","ἱερῆς","ἱερά","ἱερῶν","ἱερᾶς","ἱεράων","ἱεροῖσιν","ἱερὴν","ἱερὸς"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","genitive plural neuter adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective","genitive plural feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"Missing wine libation (only water, next line) signals the improvised, ill-omened nature of this sacrifice.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.61","id":"b1-l61","source":"Ἀργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ χαρίζετο ἱερὰ ῥέζων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.66","id":"b1-l66","source":"ὃς περὶ μὲν νόον ἐστὶ βροτῶν, περὶ δʼ ἱρὰ θεοῖσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.409","id":"b2-l409","source":"τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειφʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο·"}]},{"lemma":"ἱζάνω","count":1,"glosses":["sit"],"forms":["ἵζανον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.209","id":"b24-l209","source":"ἐν τῷ σιτέσκοντο καὶ ἵζανον ἠδὲ ἴαυον"}]},{"lemma":"ἱκάνω","count":56,"glosses":["reached","comes upon","I come","came","has reached","reaches","I have come","I come to","came over","have I come","you reach","you have come","has he come","weighs upon, comes to","I come as suppliant","to go/reach","have come","had come","you have come to","has come","come","might come over","come upon, reach","you come","have you arrived","comes","we came","they came","came over, reached"],"forms":["ἱκάνει","ἱκάνω","ἵκανε","ἱκάνεις","ἵκανεν","ἱκάνεται","ἵκανον","ἱκάνομαι","ἱκανέμεν","ἱκάνοι","ἱκάνομεν"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","present active infinitive","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb"],"note":"optative in a temporal clause of anticipated future time: 'whenever sleep should come'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.409","id":"b1-l409","source":"ἦ ἑὸν αὐτοῦ χρεῖος ἐελδόμενος τόδʼ ἱκάνει;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.41","id":"b2-l41","source":"ὃς λαὸν ἤγειρα· μάλιστα δέ μʼ ἄλγος ἱκάνει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.92","id":"b3-l92","source":"τοὔνεκα νῦν τὰ σὰ γούναθʼ ἱκάνομαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα"}]},{"lemma":"ἱκανόω","count":1,"glosses":["I come"],"forms":["ἱκάνω"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.407","id":"b19-l407","source":"πολλοῖσιν γὰρ ἐγώ γε ὀδυσσάμενος τόδʼ ἱκάνω,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱκέτης","count":11,"glosses":["suppliants","suppliant","a suppliant","of suppliants"],"forms":["ἱκέτης","ἱκέτην","ἱκέτῃσιν","ἱκετάων","ἱκέται","ἱκέτας"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":"Predicate noun after εἶναι: 'I declare myself to be a suppliant.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.450","id":"b5-l450","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐλέαιρε, ἄναξ· ἱκέτης δέ τοι εὔχομαι εἶναι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.193","id":"b6-l193","source":"ὧν ἐπέοιχʼ ἱκέτην ταλαπείριον ἀντιάσαντα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.165","id":"b7-l165","source":"σπείσομεν, ὅς θʼ ἱκέτῃσιν ἅμʼ αἰδοίοισιν ὀπηδεῖ·"}]},{"lemma":"ἱκετεύω","count":5,"glosses":["I supplicated","I made my plea","made your plea","kept begging"],"forms":["ἱκέτευσα","ἱκέτευσ","ἱκέτευσας","ἱκέτευεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"aorist, 'I came to you as a suppliant'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.292","id":"b7-l292","source":"τὴν ἱκέτευσʼ· ἡ δʼ οὔ τι νοήματος ἤμβροτεν ἐσθλοῦ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.301","id":"b7-l301","source":"ἦγεν ἐς ἡμέτερον, σὺ δʼ ἄρα πρώτην ἱκέτευσας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.530","id":"b11-l530","source":"δάκρυ ὀμορξάμενον· ὁ δέ γε μάλα πόλλʼ ἱκέτευεν"}]},{"lemma":"ἱκετήσιος","count":1,"glosses":["of suppliants"],"forms":["ἱκετήσιος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"Ζεὺς ἱκετήσιος 'Zeus protector of suppliants' — Zeus's cult title guarding the sacred duty of hospitality","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.213","id":"b13-l213","source":"Ζεὺς σφέας τίσαιτο ἱκετήσιος, ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους"}]},{"lemma":"ἱκνέομαι","count":178,"glosses":["to reach","came","reached","we came","comes","reach","to arrive","may reach","came to","has come","reaching","they reached","you reach","we have come","they came","arrived","you may reach","they arrived","you might reach","reached, arrived","he reaches","I have come","he reached","would reach","we reached","had reached","you might arrive","reaches","came, arrived","he came","should reach","to come","you would return","reached, arrived at","I reached","he would reach","came/arrived","arrived at","will reach","touched","you reached","I would have reached","would come","to reach, arrive at","of reaching","we might reach","he comes to","I might reach","could arrive","might come","you have come","arrives","I should come","arrive","let it come","am I to reach","you might go to","farmstead, yard","I came","I had come","have come","to go to","came back","might reach","he should come","we walked"],"forms":["ἱκέσθαι","ἵκετο","ἵκοντο","ἵκηται","ἵκετ","ἱκόμεθ","ἵκοιτο","ἵκηαι","ἱκόμεσθα","ἱκόμην","ἵκοιο","ἵκεθ","ἵκοισθε","ἱκέσθην","ἵξεσθαι","ἱκοίμην","ἵκωμαι","ἵκοιτ","ἱκώμεθα","ἵξεται","ἵκεο","ἱκνεύμεναι","ἱκοίμεθα","ἱκοίατο","ἵκευ","ἵκωνται","ἱκέσθω","ἱκνεύμεσθα"],"morphology":["aorist middle infinitive","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist infinitive","aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","aorist middle optative, 2nd plural verb","future middle infinitive","aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular 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ἱκέσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.150","id":"b2-l150","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μέσσην ἀγορὴν πολύφημον ἱκέσθην,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱλάσκομαι","count":1,"glosses":["win favor of"],"forms":["ἱλάσσομ"],"morphology":["future middle indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"Future middle ἱλάσσομαι 'I shall propitiate/win over', with epic double -σσ-.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.419","id":"b3-l419","source":"ὄφρʼ ἦ τοι πρώτιστα θεῶν ἱλάσσομʼ Ἀθήνην,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱλήκω","count":1,"glosses":["is gracious"],"forms":["ἱλήκῃσι"],"morphology":["present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.365","id":"b21-l365","source":"ἡμῖν ἱλήκῃσι καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι."}]},{"lemma":"ἱμάς","count":6,"glosses":["with a strap","strap","of straps","a thong"],"forms":["ἱμάντα","ἱμάντι","ἱμάντων"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":"Homeric doors are secured not with a metal lock but a leather strap pulling a bolt — a glimpse of Bronze Age household technology.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.442","id":"b1-l442","source":"ἀργυρέῃ, ἐπὶ δὲ κληῖδʼ ἐτάνυσσεν ἱμάντι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.802","id":"b4-l802","source":"ἐς θάλαμον δʼ εἰσῆλθε παρὰ κληῖδος ἱμάντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.385","id":"b9-l385","source":"τρυπάνῳ, οἱ δέ τʼ ἔνερθεν ὑποσσείουσιν ἱμάντι"}]},{"lemma":"ἱμάσθλη","count":2,"glosses":["the lash","of the lash"],"forms":["ἱμάσθλην","ἱμάσθλης"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.320","id":"b6-l320","source":"ἀμφίπολοί τʼ Ὀδυσεύς τε, νόῳ δʼ ἐπέβαλλεν ἱμάσθλην."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.82","id":"b13-l82","source":"πάντες ἅμʼ ὁρμηθέντες ὑπὸ πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱμάσσω","count":2,"glosses":["whipped/lashed","she struck"],"forms":["ἵμασεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ἱμάσσω 'to whip' gives the vivid verb for Nausicaa driving the mule-cart onward.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.380","id":"b5-l380","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.316","id":"b6-l316","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασʼ ἵμασεν μάστιγι φαεινῇ"}]},{"lemma":"ἱμείρω","count":5,"glosses":["longed for","yearns","longing","do you crave","craving"],"forms":["ἱμείρεται","ἱμειρόμενός","ἱμείρετε","ἱμείρων"],"morphology":["aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"ἄν + subjunctive (ὁππότ᾽ ἂν ἡβήσῃ) is a 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ἐυλείμων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.242","id":"b13-l242","source":"ἦ τοι μὲν τρηχεῖα καὶ οὐχ ἱππήλατός ἐστιν,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱππηλάτης","count":2,"glosses":["horseman"],"forms":["ἱππηλάτα"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"ἱππηλάτα, a masculine noun with feminine-looking -α ending — an epic formula-word for Nestor","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.436","id":"b3-l436","source":"ἱρῶν ἀντιόωσα. γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Νέστωρ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.444","id":"b3-l444","source":"Περσεὺς δʼ ἀμνίον εἶχε· γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Νέστωρ"}]},{"lemma":"ἱππιοχάρμης","count":1,"glosses":["chariot-fighter"],"forms":["ἱππιοχάρμην"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"compound epithet ('delighting in horses/chariots') marking heroic status","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.259","id":"b11-l259","source":"Αἴσονά τʼ ἠδὲ Φέρητʼ Ἀμυθάονά θʼ ἱππιοχάρμην."}]},{"lemma":"ἱππόβοτος","count":7,"glosses":["horse-pasturing","horse-grazed"],"forms":["ἱπποβότοιο","ἱππόβοτον","ἱπποβότῳ"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","dative singular neuter adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"ἱππόβοτος, 'horse-grazing,' a formulaic epithet for the plain of Argos.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.263","id":"b3-l263","source":"ἥμεθʼ· ὁ δʼ εὔκηλος μυχῷ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.99","id":"b4-l99","source":"Τροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ ἑκὰς Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.562","id":"b4-l562","source":"Ἄργει ἐν ἱπποβότῳ θανέειν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱππόδαμος","count":3,"glosses":["tamer of horses"],"forms":["ἱπποδάμοιο","ἱππόδαμον"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ἱππόδαμος, formulaic epithet for Nestor and other heroic charioteers.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.17","id":"b3-l17","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἰθὺς κίε Νέστορος ἱπποδάμοιο·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.181","id":"b3-l181","source":"Τυδεΐδεω ἕταροι Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.300","id":"b11-l300","source":"Κάστορά θʼ ἱππόδαμον καὶ πὺξ ἀγαθὸν Πολυδεύκεα,"}]},{"lemma":"ἱππόθεν","count":2,"glosses":["from the horse","out of the horse"],"forms":["ἱππόθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"-θεν suffix = 'from', formed on ἵππος: 'from-horse-place'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.515","id":"b8-l515","source":"ἱππόθεν ἐκχύμενοι, κοῖλον λόχον ἐκπρολιπόντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.531","id":"b11-l531","source":"ἱππόθεν ἐξέμεναι, ξίφεος δʼ ἐπεμαίετο κώπην"}]},{"lemma":"ἱππότης","count":10,"glosses":["horseman"],"forms":["ἱππότα"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","nominative dual masculine noun"],"note":"ἱππότα Νέστωρ 'horseman Nestor' is his fixed epic epithet, closing the speech-introduction formula.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.68","id":"b3-l68","source":"τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.102","id":"b3-l102","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.210","id":"b3-l210","source":"τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·"}]},{"lemma":"Ἱπποδάμεια","count":1,"glosses":["Hippodameia"],"forms":["Ἱπποδάμειαν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.182","id":"b18-l182","source":"ἀλλά μοι Αὐτονόην τε καὶ Ἱπποδάμειαν ἄνωχθι"}]},{"lemma":"ἱπποδάσεια","count":2,"glosses":["horsehair-crested","thick with horsehair"],"forms":["ἱπποδασείας"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"ἱπποδάσεια, a compound epithet 'shaggy with horse(-hair)', typical Homeric ornamental armor description.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.111","id":"b22-l111","source":"καὶ πίσυρας κυνέας χαλκήρεας ἱπποδασείας·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.145","id":"b22-l145","source":"καὶ τόσσας κυνέας χαλκήρεας ἱπποδασείας·"}]},{"lemma":"ἱπποσύνη","count":1,"glosses":["of horsemanship"],"forms":["ἱπποσυνάων"],"morphology":["genitive plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.40","id":"b24-l40","source":"κεῖσο μέγας μεγαλωστί, λελασμένος ἱπποσυνάων."}]},{"lemma":"Ἱπποτάδης","count":2,"glosses":["son of Hippotas"],"forms":["Ἱπποτάδης","Ἱπποτάδαο"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"Patronymic epithet, standard epic way of naming a hero by his father.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.2","id":"b10-l2","source":"Αἴολος Ἱπποτάδης, φίλος ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.36","id":"b10-l36","source":"δῶρα παρʼ Αἰόλου μεγαλήτορος Ἱπποτάδαο."}]},{"lemma":"ἱρός","count":2,"glosses":["sacred"],"forms":["ἱρήν","ἱρὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"ἱρός = Attic ἱερός; epic dialect keeps the older uncontracted form.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.86","id":"b11-l86","source":"τὴν ζωὴν κατέλειπον ἰὼν εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.293","id":"b17-l293","source":"θρέψε μέν, οὐδʼ ἀπόνητο, πάρος δʼ εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρὴν"}]},{"lemma":"ἱστίον","count":21,"glosses":["sails","the sails","sail","the sail"],"forms":["ἱστία","ἱστίον"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","accusative singular 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ἱστοπέδῃ, ἐκ δʼ αὐτοῦ πείρατʼ ἀνῆπτον·"}]},{"lemma":"῎ἴλιος","count":1,"glosses":["of Ilium"],"forms":["Ἰλίου"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.578","id":"b8-l578","source":"Ἀργείων Δαναῶν ἠδʼ Ἰλίου οἶτον ἀκούων."}]}]}