{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc"},"letter":"κ","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/words/kappa","headwords":[{"lemma":"κάγκανος","count":1,"glosses":["dry"],"forms":["κάγκανα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.308","id":"b18-l308","source":"ὄφρα φαείνοιεν· περὶ δὲ ξύλα κάγκανα θῆκαν,"}]},{"lemma":"Κάδμος","count":1,"glosses":["of Cadmus"],"forms":["Κάδμου"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.333","id":"b5-l333","source":"τὸν δὲ ἴδεν Κάδμου θυγάτηρ, καλλίσφυρος Ἰνώ,"}]},{"lemma":"κάθημαι","count":22,"glosses":["sitting","I sit","was sitting","we sat","seated"],"forms":["καθήμενος","καθήμενοι","καθήμενον","ἧμαι","καθῆστο","ἥμεθα","καθημένω"],"morphology":["perfect participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect middle participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect participle, nominative plural masculine","perfect middle participle, accusative singular masculine","perfect middle participle, nominative plural masculine","present middle indicative, 1st singular verb","pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect middle indicative, 1st plural verb","perfect middle participle, nominative dual masculine"],"note":"Perfect-stem participle καθήμενος used with present sense, 'sitting'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.255","id":"b2-l255","source":"ἀλλʼ ὀίω, καὶ δηθὰ καθήμενος ἀγγελιάων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.369","id":"b2-l369","source":"ἀλλὰ μένʼ αὖθʼ ἐπὶ σοῖσι καθήμενος· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.186","id":"b3-l186","source":"ὅσσα δʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι καθήμενος ἡμετέροισι"}]},{"lemma":"κάκη","count":1,"glosses":["evils, ills"],"forms":["κάκ"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.33","id":"b1-l33","source":"ἐξ ἡμέων γάρ φασι κάκʼ ἔμμεναι, οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ"}]},{"lemma":"κάλη","count":3,"glosses":["fair","well"],"forms":["κάλ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"κάλ(α) here is adverbial 'well/nobly' (contracted from καλά), not a literal 'beautiful things.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.483","id":"b17-l483","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, οὐ μὲν κάλʼ ἔβαλες δύστηνον ἀλήτην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.122","id":"b20-l122","source":"αἱ δʼ ἄλλαι δμῳαὶ κατὰ δώματα κάλʼ Ὀδυσῆος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.495","id":"b22-l495","source":"γρηῢς δʼ αὖτʼ ἀπέβη διὰ δώματα κάλʼ Ὀδυσῆος"}]},{"lemma":"κάλλιμος","count":6,"glosses":["lovely","fair","beautiful"],"forms":["κάλλιμα","κάλλιμον","κάλλιμος"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.130","id":"b4-l130","source":"χωρὶς δʼ αὖθʼ Ἑλένῃ ἄλοχος πόρε κάλλιμα δῶρα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.439","id":"b8-l439","source":"ἐξέφερεν θαλάμοιο, τίθει δʼ ἐνὶ κάλλιμα δῶρα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.529","id":"b11-l529","source":"οὔτʼ ὠχρήσαντα χρόα κάλλιμον οὔτε παρειῶν"}]},{"lemma":"κάλλος","count":8,"glosses":["beauty","in beauty","with beauty"],"forms":["κάλλος","κάλλεϊ","κάλλεος"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun"],"note":"διὰ κάλλος 'because of beauty' — accusative of cause with διά.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.18","id":"b6-l18","source":"πὰρ δὲ δύʼ ἀμφίπολοι, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.237","id":"b6-l237","source":"κάλλεϊ καὶ χάρισι στίλβων· θηεῖτο δὲ κούρη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.457","id":"b8-l457","source":"ἤιε· Ναυσικάα δὲ θεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσα"}]},{"lemma":"κάλπις","count":1,"glosses":["a pitcher"],"forms":["κάλπιν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.20","id":"b7-l20","source":"παρθενικῇ ἐικυῖα νεήνιδι, κάλπιν ἐχούσῃ."}]},{"lemma":"κάλως","count":1,"glosses":["halyards"],"forms":["κάλους"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.260","id":"b5-l260","source":"ἐν δʼ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τʼ ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ,"}]},{"lemma":"κάματος","count":13,"glosses":["weariness","by weariness","toil","with weariness","with toil","labor"],"forms":["καμάτῳ","κάματος","καμάτοιο","κάματον"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.192","id":"b1-l192","source":"παρτιθεῖ, εὖτʼ ἄν μιν κάματος κατὰ γυῖα λάβῃσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.457","id":"b5-l457","source":"κεῖτʼ ὀλιγηπελέων, κάματος δέ μιν αἰνὸς ἵκανεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.472","id":"b5-l472","source":"ῥῖγος καὶ κάματος, γλυκερὸς δέ μοι ὕπνος ἐπέλθῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"κάμμορος","count":5,"glosses":["ill-fated","ill-fated man","poor wretch"],"forms":["κάμμορε","κάμμορον"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"vocative κάμμορε 'wretched/ill-fated one' — Calypso's tender address to Odysseus","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.351","id":"b2-l351","source":"κεῖνον ὀιομένη τὸν κάμμορον, εἴ ποθεν ἔλθοι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.160","id":"b5-l160","source":"κάμμορε, μή μοι ἔτʼ ἐνθάδʼ ὀδύρεο, μηδέ τοι\n                     αἰὼν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.339","id":"b5-l339","source":"κάμμορε, τίπτε τοι ὧδε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων"}]},{"lemma":"κάμνω","count":14,"glosses":["worn out","wearied","labor to build","made","he made, built","grew weary","tire","has labored","had made","labored","worked","of those worn out (dead)"],"forms":["κεκμηῶτα","καμόντων","ἔκαμον","κάμοιεν","ἐκάμοντο","κάμ","κάμνεις","κάμῃσι","κάμεν","κάμε","κάμον"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Aorist middle ἐκάμοντο, 'made for themselves,' contrary-to-fact with κέ: what never happened.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.126","id":"b9-l126","source":"οὐδʼ ἄνδρες νηῶν ἔνι τέκτονες, οἵ κε κάμοιεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.130","id":"b9-l130","source":"οἵ κέ σφιν καὶ νῆσον ἐυκτιμένην ἐκάμοντο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.31","id":"b10-l31","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐμὲ μὲν γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἐπήλυθε κεκμηῶτα,"}]},{"lemma":"κάμπτω","count":1,"glosses":["bent"],"forms":["ἔκαμψε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.453","id":"b5-l453","source":"ἐς ποταμοῦ προχοάς. ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄμφω γούνατʼ ἔκαμψε"}]},{"lemma":"κάνεον","count":11,"glosses":["basket","baskets","a basket","of the basket"],"forms":["κανέοισιν","κανέοιο","κανέῳ","κάνεον","κάνεια","κανέου"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.147","id":"b1-l147","source":"σῖτον δὲ δμῳαὶ παρενήνεον ἐν κανέοισιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.442","id":"b3-l442","source":"ἐν κανέῳ πέλεκυν δὲ μενεπτόλεμος Θρασυμήδης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.761","id":"b4-l761","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔθετʼ οὐλοχύτας κανέῳ, ἠρᾶτο δʼ Ἀθήνῃ·"}]},{"lemma":"κάπη","count":1,"glosses":["mangers"],"forms":["κάπῃσι"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.40","id":"b4-l40","source":"καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέδησαν ἐφʼ ἱππείῃσι κάπῃσι,"}]},{"lemma":"κάπρος","count":3,"glosses":["boar","boars"],"forms":["κάπρον","κάπροισι"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.104","id":"b6-l104","source":"τερπομένη κάπροισι καὶ ὠκείῃς ἐλάφοισι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.131","id":"b11-l131","source":"ἀρνειὸν ταῦρόν τε συῶν τʼ ἐπιβήτορα κάπρον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.278","id":"b23-l278","source":"ἀρνειὸν ταῦρόν τε συῶν τʼ ἐπιβήτορα κάπρον,"}]},{"lemma":"κάρα","count":22,"glosses":["head","his head","heads","in head","as to head"],"forms":["κάρη","κάρητος","κράτων"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun","genitive plural neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κάρη κομόωντας 'long-haired' is a fixed heroic epithet for the Achaeans, describing warrior hairstyle.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.90","id":"b1-l90","source":"εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσαντα κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.7","id":"b2-l7","source":"κηρύσσειν ἀγορήνδε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.408","id":"b2-l408","source":"εὗρον ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ θινὶ κάρη κομόωντας ἑταίρους."}]},{"lemma":"κάρη","count":1,"glosses":["with a head"],"forms":["κρατὶ"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.99","id":"b12-l99","source":"παρφυγέειν σὺν νηί· φέρει δέ τε κρατὶ ἑκάστῳ"}]},{"lemma":"κάρηνον","count":8,"glosses":["peaks","heads"],"forms":["κάρηνα","καρήνων"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","genitive plural neuter noun"],"note":"κάρηνα, lit. 'heads,' figuratively 'peaks/summits' of the mountains — bodily metaphor common in Greek.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.102","id":"b1-l102","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀίξασα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.123","id":"b6-l123","source":"νυμφάων, αἳ ἔχουσʼ ὀρέων αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.113","id":"b9-l113","source":"ἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ ὑψηλῶν ὀρέων ναίουσι κάρηνα"}]},{"lemma":"κάρτος","count":5,"glosses":["strength","in strength","might, power","in force"],"forms":["κάρτος","κάρτεϊ"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κάρτος, accusative of respect, 'best with regard to strength'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.370","id":"b3-l370","source":"οἵ τοι ἐλαφρότατοι θείειν καὶ κάρτος ἄριστοι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.415","id":"b4-l415","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἔπειθʼ ὑμῖν μελέτω κάρτος τε βίη τε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.197","id":"b6-l197","source":"τοῦ δʼ ἐκ Φαιήκων ἔχεται κάρτος τε βίη τε."}]},{"lemma":"κάρφω","count":2,"glosses":["I will shrivel","withered"],"forms":["κάρψω","κάρψεν"],"morphology":["future active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Athena's disguise-spell: a string of first-person futures (κάρψω, ὀλέσω, ἕσσω, κνυζώσω) piling up her transformation of Odysseus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.398","id":"b13-l398","source":"κάρψω μὲν χρόα καλὸν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.430","id":"b13-l430","source":"κάρψεν μὲν χρόα καλὸν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι,"}]},{"lemma":"Κάστωρ","count":2,"glosses":["Castor"],"forms":["Κάστορά","Κάστωρ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.300","id":"b11-l300","source":"Κάστορά θʼ ἱππόδαμον καὶ πὺξ ἀγαθὸν Πολυδεύκεα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.204","id":"b14-l204","source":"Κάστωρ Ὑλακίδης, τοῦ ἐγὼ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι"}]},{"lemma":"κάτειμι","count":4,"glosses":["was coming down","coming in","I go down","coming down"],"forms":["κατήιεν","κατιόντα","κάτειμι","κατιοῦσαν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, accusative singular masculine","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active participle, accusative singular feminine"],"note":"κάτειμι 'to go/come down', describing the ship sailing in toward the harbor.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.159","id":"b10-l159","source":"ἧκεν. ὁ μὲν ποταμόνδε κατήιεν ἐκ νομοῦ ὕλης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.267","id":"b13-l267","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ κατιόντα βάλον χαλκήρεϊ δουρὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.505","id":"b15-l505","source":"ἑσπέριος δʼ εἰς ἄστυ ἰδὼν ἐμὰ ἔργα κάτειμι."}]},{"lemma":"κάτος","count":1,"glosses":["throughout, down"],"forms":["κάτα"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"κάτα is κατά in anastrophe (accent shifted back) governing δόμον - common Homeric word order.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.232","id":"b17-l232","source":"πλευραὶ ἀποτρίψουσι δόμον κάτα βαλλομένοιο."}]},{"lemma":"κάτω","count":1,"glosses":["down"],"forms":["κάτω"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.91","id":"b23-l91","source":"ἧστο κάτω ὁρόων, ποτιδέγμενος εἴ τί μιν εἴποι"}]},{"lemma":"καγχαλάω","count":2,"glosses":["laughing aloud","laughing loud"],"forms":["καγχαλόωσα"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.1","id":"b23-l1","source":"γρηῢς δʼ εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀνεβήσετο καγχαλόωσα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.59","id":"b23-l59","source":"μαῖα φίλη, μή πω μέγʼ ἐπεύχεο καγχαλόωσα."}]},{"lemma":"Καδμεῖος","count":1,"glosses":["Cadmeans"],"forms":["Καδμείων"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine adjective"],"note":"the Thebans, named for founder Cadmus","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.276","id":"b11-l276","source":"Καδμείων ἤνασσε θεῶν ὀλοὰς διὰ βουλάς·"}]},{"lemma":"καθάπαξ","count":1,"glosses":["outright"],"forms":["καθάπαξ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.349","id":"b21-l349","source":"καὶ καθάπαξ ξείνῳ δόμεναι τάδε τόξα φέρεσθαι."}]},{"lemma":"καθάπτω","count":8,"glosses":["addressing","rebuking","attacking, assailing","appealing","chiding"],"forms":["καθαπτόμενος","καθαπτόμενοι"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"καθαπτόμενος, lit. 'laying hold of' (with words) — idiom for turning to address someone directly.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.39","id":"b2-l39","source":"πρῶτον ἔπειτα γέροντα καθαπτόμενος προσέειπεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.240","id":"b2-l240","source":"ἧσθʼ ἄνεῳ, ἀτὰρ οὔ τι καθαπτόμενοι ἐπέεσσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.345","id":"b3-l345","source":"Νέστωρ δʼ αὖ κατέρυκε καθαπτόμενος ἐπέεσσιν·"}]},{"lemma":"καθαίρω","count":7,"glosses":["cleansed","to clean","clean","cleanse","cleaned","having cleansed"],"forms":["καθῆραι","κάθηράν","κάθηρεν","καθήρατε","καθαίρειν","κάθαιρον","καθήραντες"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.87","id":"b6-l87","source":"καλὸν ὑπεκπρόρεεν μάλα περ ῥυπόωντα καθῆραι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.93","id":"b6-l93","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πλῦνάν τε κάθηράν τε ῥύπα πάντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.192","id":"b18-l192","source":"κάλλεϊ μέν οἱ πρῶτα προσώπατα καλὰ κάθηρεν"}]},{"lemma":"καθαιρέω","count":6,"glosses":["lays low","we took down","closing"],"forms":["καθέλῃσι","καθείλομεν","καθελοῦσα"],"morphology":["aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"Subjunctive in a general future condition (\"whenever fate should take him\") governed by ὅτε κεν.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.100","id":"b2-l100","source":"μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.238","id":"b3-l238","source":"μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.149","id":"b9-l149","source":"κελσάσῃσι δὲ νηυσὶ καθείλομεν ἱστία πάντα,"}]},{"lemma":"καθαρός","count":6,"glosses":["clean"],"forms":["καθαρὰ","καθαρῷ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.750","id":"b4-l750","source":"ἀλλʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.759","id":"b4-l759","source":"ἡ δʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.61","id":"b6-l61","source":"βουλὰς βουλεύειν καθαρὰ χροΐ εἵματʼ ἔχοντα."}]},{"lemma":"καθέζετο","count":4,"glosses":["sat down","he sat down"],"forms":["καθέζετ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular 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ἡμῖν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.234","id":"b1-l234","source":"νῦν δʼ ἑτέρως ἐβόλοντο θεοὶ κακὰ μητιόωντες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.244","id":"b1-l244","source":"οἶον, ἐπεί νύ μοι ἄλλα θεοὶ κακὰ κήδεʼ ἔτευξαν."}]},{"lemma":"κακότης","count":18,"glosses":["disaster","misfortune","from misery","from ruin","evil","of trouble","misery","by hardship","by misery","troubles","with misery","cowardice"],"forms":["κακότητα","κακότητος","κακότητι"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Genitive of separation with λύω: 'freed him from misery' — the genitive marks what he is released from.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.175","id":"b3-l175","source":"τέμνειν, ὄφρα τάχιστα ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.167","id":"b4-l167","source":"εἴσʼ οἵ κεν κατὰ δῆμον ἀλάλκοιεν κακότητα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.290","id":"b5-l290","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι μέν μίν φημι ἅδην ἐλάαν κακότητος."}]},{"lemma":"κακόω","count":5,"glosses":["do not vex","already vexed","fouled","to debase","afflicted"],"forms":["κάκου","κεκακωμένον","κεκακωμένος","κακῶσαι","ἐκακώσατε"],"morphology":["present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"κάκου, present imperative — with μηδέ 'do not' it forms a prohibition, addressed to Penelope.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.754","id":"b4-l754","source":"μηδὲ γέροντα κάκου κεκακωμένον· οὐ γὰρ ὀίω"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.137","id":"b6-l137","source":"σμερδαλέος δʼ αὐτῇσι φάνη κεκακωμένος ἅλμῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.212","id":"b16-l212","source":"ἠμὲν κυδῆναι θνητὸν βροτὸν ἠδὲ κακῶσαι."}]},{"lemma":"κακοείμων","count":1,"glosses":["raggedly clad"],"forms":["κακοείμονας"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.41","id":"b18-l41","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα πτωχοὺς κακοείμονας ἠγερέθοντο."}]},{"lemma":"Κακοίλιος","count":3,"glosses":["Evil-Ilion","evil Ilion"],"forms":["Κακοΐλιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Κακοΐλιον: a bitter pun on Ἴλιον (Troy), 'Evil-Troy', reflecting the war's cost","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.260","id":"b19-l260","source":"ᾤχετʼ ἐποψόμενος Κακοΐλιον οὐκ ὀνομαστήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.597","id":"b19-l597","source":"ᾤχετʼ ἐποψόμενος Κακοΐλιον οὐκ ὀνομαστήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.19","id":"b23-l19","source":"ᾤχετʼ ἐποψόμενος Κακοΐλιον οὐκ ὀνομαστήν."}]},{"lemma":"κακομήχανος","count":1,"glosses":["schemer of evil"],"forms":["κακομήχανε"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"κακομήχανε, a striking compound vocative insult—'evil-deviser', direct address of contempt.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.418","id":"b16-l418","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, ὕβριν ἔχων, κακομήχανε, καὶ δέ σέ\n                     φασιν"}]},{"lemma":"κακορραφία","count":2,"glosses":["through malice","evil scheme"],"forms":["κακορραφίῃσι","κακορραφίῃ"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"κακορραφίῃσι 'evil devisings/malice', a rare compound noun (κακός+ῥάπτω 'stitch together evil').","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.236","id":"b2-l236","source":"ἔρδειν ἔργα βίαια κακορραφίῃσι νόοιο·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.26","id":"b12-l26","source":"σημανέω, ἵνα μή τι κακορραφίῃ ἀλεγεινῇ"}]},{"lemma":"κακοῦργος","count":1,"glosses":["mischief-making"],"forms":["κακοεργός"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.54","id":"b18-l54","source":"ὀτρύνει κακοεργός, ἵνα πληγῇσι δαμείω."}]},{"lemma":"κακουργία","count":1,"glosses":["than evildoing"],"forms":["κακοεργίης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.374","id":"b22-l374","source":"ὡς κακοεργίης εὐεργεσίη μέγʼ ἀμείνων."}]},{"lemma":"καλάμη","count":1,"glosses":["the stubble"],"forms":["καλάμην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"καλάμη 'stubble' — a rustic metaphor: from the withered stalk you can still guess the grain once stood tall.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.214","id":"b14-l214","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔμπης καλάμην γέ σʼ ὀΐομαι εἰσορόωντα"}]},{"lemma":"καλέω","count":52,"glosses":["having called","calling","call","are called","called","having summoned","to call","to summon, calling","let call","men call","were calling","summoning","be called","summon","called out","called them in","called (them) in","called (me in)","invite","having invited","calling for","I call","I may call","called in","invites","call in","calls"],"forms":["καλέονται","καλέσας","καλέσσας","καλεῦντες","κάλει","καλέουσι","καλεσσάμενος","καλέσασα","καλέων","κάλεον","κάλεσσον","καλέσσαι","καλέσαντα","καλεσσαμένω","καλέσειε","καλέουσιν","κεκλημένος","καλέσαντες","καλέεσθαι","καλέσασθε","ἐκάλει","καλέουσα","καλέω","καλέσσω","ἐκάλεσσας","καλεῖ","καλέοι","καλέει","κάλεσον","κάλεσσε","κάλεσσεν"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist middle participle, nominative dual neuter","future active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","present medio-passive infinitive","aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","present active participle, nominative singular feminine","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"dual participle 'the two having called', again marking the special pairing of the brothers","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.90","id":"b1-l90","source":"εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσαντα κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.272","id":"b1-l272","source":"αὔριον εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσας ἥρωας Ἀχαιοὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.416","id":"b1-l416","source":"ἐς μέγαρον καλέσασα θεοπρόπον ἐξερέηται."}]},{"lemma":"καλλίζωνος","count":1,"glosses":["fair-girdled"],"forms":["καλλιζώνων"],"morphology":["genitive plural feminine noun"],"note":"καλλίζωνος, a stock feminine epithet 'beautiful-girdled' — formulaic praise of women's dress/figure.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.147","id":"b23-l147","source":"ἀνδρῶν παιζόντων καλλιζώνων τε γυναικῶν."}]},{"lemma":"καλλίθριξ","count":3,"glosses":["fair-maned"],"forms":["καλλίτριχας"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":"καλλίθριξ 'beautiful-haired', a compound epithet applied to horses in epic diction.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.475","id":"b3-l475","source":"παῖδες ἐμοί, ἄγε Τηλεμάχῳ καλλίτριχας ἵππους"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.380","id":"b5-l380","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.215","id":"b15-l215","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἔλασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους"}]},{"lemma":"καλλίρους","count":2,"glosses":["fair-flowing"],"forms":["καλλιρόοιο","καλλίροον"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"καλλιρόοιο, compound epithet 'beautiful-flowing', typical of Homeric river descriptions","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.441","id":"b5-l441","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ποταμοῖο κατὰ στόμα καλλιρόοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.206","id":"b17-l206","source":"τυκτὴν καλλίροον, ὅθεν ὑδρεύοντο πολῖται,"}]},{"lemma":"καλλίσφυρος","count":2,"glosses":["lovely-ankled"],"forms":["καλλίσφυρος","καλλίσφυρον"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"καλλίσφυρος, standard Homeric beauty-epithet for goddesses, here Ino.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.333","id":"b5-l333","source":"τὸν δὲ ἴδεν Κάδμου θυγάτηρ, καλλίσφυρος Ἰνώ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.603","id":"b11-l603","source":"τέρπεται ἐν θαλίῃς καὶ ἔχει καλλίσφυρον Ἥβην,"}]},{"lemma":"καλλίτριχος","count":2,"glosses":["fine-fleeced"],"forms":["καλλίτριχα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"epic compound epithet 'beautiful-haired', standard formula for flocks","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.336","id":"b9-l336","source":"ἑσπέριος δʼ ἦλθεν καλλίτριχα μῆλα νομεύων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.469","id":"b9-l469","source":"κλαίειν, ἀλλʼ ἐκέλευσα θοῶς καλλίτριχα μῆλα"}]},{"lemma":"καλλίχορος","count":1,"glosses":["lovely-dancing"],"forms":["καλλιχόρου"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.581","id":"b11-l581","source":"Πυθώδʼ ἐρχομένην διὰ καλλιχόρου Πανοπῆος."}]},{"lemma":"καλλικρήδεμνος","count":1,"glosses":["fair-veiled"],"forms":["καλλικρήδεμνοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"καλλικρήδεμνος: compound epithet 'beautiful-headscarfed,' a formulaic marker of married women.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.623","id":"b4-l623","source":"σῖτον δέ σφʼ ἄλοχοι καλλικρήδεμνοι ἔπεμπον."}]},{"lemma":"καλλιπάρηος","count":2,"glosses":["lovely-cheeked","fair-cheeked"],"forms":["καλλιπάρῃος"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"compound epithet καλλιπάρῃος, 'fair-cheeked'—typical of Helen's beauty formulas.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.123","id":"b15-l123","source":"ἀργύρεον· Ἑλένη δὲ παρίστατο καλλιπάρῃος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.321","id":"b18-l321","source":"τὸν δʼ αἰσχρῶς ἐνένιπε Μελανθὼ καλλιπάρῃος,"}]},{"lemma":"καλλιπλόκαμος","count":2,"glosses":["lovely-braided","fair-haired"],"forms":["καλλιπλοκάμοιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"καλλιπλόκαμος, a formulaic beauty-epithet for goddesses, here marking Circe's divine allure.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.220","id":"b10-l220","source":"ἔσταν δʼ ἐν προθύροισι θεᾶς καλλιπλοκάμοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.310","id":"b10-l310","source":"ἔστην δʼ εἰνὶ θύρῃσι θεᾶς καλλιπλοκάμοιο·"}]},{"lemma":"καλλιρέεθρος","count":2,"glosses":["fair-flowing"],"forms":["καλλιρέεθρον"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.107","id":"b10-l107","source":"ἡ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐς κρήνην κατεβήσετο καλλιρέεθρον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.295","id":"b15-l295","source":"βὰν δὲ παρὰ Κρουνοὺς καὶ Χαλκίδα καλλιρέεθρον."}]},{"lemma":"καλός","count":168,"glosses":["fine","fair","beautiful","handsome","lovely","fine, beautiful","better","well","fairest","a fine thing","finest","sweetly","fairer","fine things","clear","more fitting, better","finely","handsomer","most handsome","well, rightly","most beautiful","fair, beautiful","kindly","safely","right/good","beautifully","good","fair, fine","fine, splendid","fine, goodly"],"forms":["καλὰ","καλὸν","καλά","καλῇ","καλὴν","κάλλιον","καλόν","κάλλιστον","καλὴ","καλαὶ","κάλλιόν","καλῆς","κάλ","καλὸς","καλός","καλήν","καλοῦ","κάλλιστος","καλή","καλῷ","καλαί","καλῶς","καλοί","καλλίονες","καλλίστους","καλοὶ","καλούς","καλοῖς","κάλʼ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","adverb","nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","dative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"κάλλιόν, neuter comparative of καλός used impersonally as predicate with ἐστι, 'it is better'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.96","id":"b1-l96","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.131","id":"b1-l131","source":"καλὸν δαιδάλεον· ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.137","id":"b1-l137","source":"καλῇ χρυσείῃ, ὑπὲρ ἀργυρέοιο λέβητος,"}]},{"lemma":"καλύπτρα","count":2,"glosses":["veil","a veil"],"forms":["καλύπτρην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.232","id":"b5-l232","source":"καλὴν χρυσείην, κεφαλῇ δʼ ἐφύπερθε καλύπτρην."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.545","id":"b10-l545","source":"καλὴν χρυσείην, κεφαλῇ δʼ ἐπέθηκε καλύπτρην."}]},{"lemma":"καλύπτω","count":21,"glosses":["covered","wrapped","hidden, covered","covered, closed over","covered himself","hid, covered","covering (himself)","hidden, concealed","shrouded","having covered","uncovering","having wrapped","hid"],"forms":["κάλυψε","ἐκάλυψαν","κάλυψεν","καλυψάμενος","κεκαλυμμένοι","κεκαλυμμένος","καλυφθείς","καλύψατο","κεκαλυμμέναι","καλυψάμενοι","καλύψας","ἐκάλυψεν","ἐκάλυψε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"Middle voice: he covers his own head, echoing κάλυψε of line 85.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.443","id":"b1-l443","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γε παννύχιος, κεκαλυμμένος οἰὸς ἀώτῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.457","id":"b3-l457","source":"πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.402","id":"b4-l402","source":"πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο μελαίνῃ φρικὶ καλυφθείς,"}]},{"lemma":"Καλυψώ","count":23,"glosses":["Calypso","of Calypso","from Calypso","Calypso's"],"forms":["Καλυψώ","Καλυψὼ","Καλυψοῦς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Καλυψώ named at the line's end, launching the next episode — a classic Homeric enjambment hook.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.14","id":"b1-l14","source":"νύμφη πότνιʼ ἔρυκε Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.557","id":"b4-l557","source":"νύμφης ἐν μεγάροισι Καλυψοῦς, ἥ μιν ἀνάγκῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.14","id":"b5-l14","source":"νύμφης ἐν μεγάροισι Καλυψοῦς, ἥ μιν ἀνάγκῃ"}]},{"lemma":"καλυψώ","count":1,"glosses":["Calypso"],"forms":["Καλυψώ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.321","id":"b5-l321","source":"εἵματα γάρ ῥʼ ἐβάρυνε, τά οἱ πόρε δῖα Καλυψώ."}]},{"lemma":"καμινώ","count":1,"glosses":["at the oven"],"forms":["καμινοῖ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"dative names: 'old-woman-at-the-oven'—a vivid mocking simile for rapid chatter.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.27","id":"b18-l27","source":"γρηῒ καμινοῖ ἶσος· ὃν ἂν κακὰ μητισαίμην"}]},{"lemma":"καμπύλος","count":3,"glosses":["curved"],"forms":["καμπύλα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.156","id":"b9-l156","source":"αὐτίκα καμπύλα τόξα καὶ αἰγανέας δολιχαύλους"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.359","id":"b21-l359","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ τόξα λαβὼν φέρε καμπύλα δῖος ὑφορβός·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.362","id":"b21-l362","source":"πῆ δὴ καμπύλα τόξα φέρεις, ἀμέγαρτε συβῶτα,"}]},{"lemma":"καναχέω","count":1,"glosses":["rang out"],"forms":["κανάχησε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"καναχέω, an onomatopoeic verb for a clanging/ringing noise, here of bronze struck by the falling leg.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.469","id":"b19-l469","source":"ἐν δὲ λέβητι πέσε κνήμη, κανάχησε δὲ χαλκός,"}]},{"lemma":"καναχή","count":1,"glosses":["clatter"],"forms":["καναχὴ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.82","id":"b6-l82","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν· καναχὴ δʼ ἦν ἡμιόνοιιν."}]},{"lemma":"καπνός","count":12,"glosses":["smoke","with smoke","the smoke"],"forms":["καπνὸν","καπνοῦ","καπνόν","καπνὸς","καπνῷ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"smoke rising from one's own hearth is a Homeric shorthand for home itself — Odysseus longs simply to glimpse Ithaca's chimney-smoke.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.58","id":"b1-l58","source":"ἱέμενος καὶ καπνὸν ἀποθρῴσκοντα νοῆσαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.167","id":"b9-l167","source":"καπνόν τʼ αὐτῶν τε φθογγὴν ὀίων τε καὶ αἰγῶν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.99","id":"b10-l99","source":"καπνὸν δʼ οἶον ὁρῶμεν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἀίσσοντα."}]},{"lemma":"καρδία","count":24,"glosses":["heart","my heart","the heart"],"forms":["κραδίη","κραδίῃ","κραδίην"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","vocative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Vocative: Odysseus addresses his own heart as if a separate person.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.353","id":"b1-l353","source":"σοὶ δʼ ἐπιτολμάτω κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀκούειν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.260","id":"b4-l260","source":"χαῖρʼ, ἐπεὶ ἤδη μοι κραδίη τέτραπτο νέεσθαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.293","id":"b4-l293","source":"οὐδʼ εἴ οἱ κραδίη γε σιδηρέη ἔνδοθεν ἦεν."}]},{"lemma":"καρπάλιμος","count":20,"glosses":["swiftly","quickly","briskly"],"forms":["καρπαλίμως"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.406","id":"b2-l406","source":"καρπαλίμως· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα μετʼ ἴχνια βαῖνε θεοῖο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.30","id":"b3-l30","source":"καρπαλίμως· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα μετʼ ἴχνια βαῖνε θεοῖο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.418","id":"b3-l418","source":"καρπαλίμως μοι, τέκνα φίλα, κρηήνατʼ ἐέλδωρ,"}]},{"lemma":"καρπός","count":9,"glosses":["fruit","wrist","grain","the wrist"],"forms":["καρπόν","καρπῷ","καρπὸς"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.104","id":"b7-l104","source":"αἱ μὲν ἀλετρεύουσι μύλῃς ἔπι μήλοπα καρπόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.117","id":"b7-l117","source":"τάων οὔ ποτε καρπὸς ἀπόλλυται οὐδʼ ἀπολείπει"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.94","id":"b9-l94","source":"τῶν δʼ ὅς τις λωτοῖο φάγοι μελιηδέα καρπόν,"}]},{"lemma":"καρτερόθυμος","count":1,"glosses":["stout-hearted"],"forms":["καρτερόθυμον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.25","id":"b21-l25","source":"ἐπεὶ δὴ Διὸς υἱὸν ἀφίκετο καρτερόθυμον,"}]},{"lemma":"καρτερός","count":11,"glosses":["strong","mighty","binding","strong, mighty","powerful","mighty, strong"],"forms":["καρτερὸς","καρτερὸν","καρτεροὶ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"predicate adjective: 'you (will be/are) mighty' — no linking verb needed in Greek","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.242","id":"b4-l242","source":"ἀλλʼ οἷον τόδʼ ἔρεξε καὶ ἔτλη καρτερὸς ἀνὴρ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.253","id":"b4-l253","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσα καὶ ὤμοσα καρτερὸν ὅρκον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.271","id":"b4-l271","source":"οἷον καὶ τόδʼ ἔρεξε καὶ ἔτλη καρτερὸς ἀνὴρ"}]},{"lemma":"καρφαλέος","count":1,"glosses":["dry"],"forms":["καρφαλέων"],"morphology":["genitive plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.369","id":"b5-l369","source":"καρφαλέων· τὰ μὲν ἄρ τε διεσκέδασʼ ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ·"}]},{"lemma":"κασίγνητος","count":14,"glosses":["brothers","of brothers","brother","her brothers","a brother","than a brother","to his brother","against brothers"],"forms":["κασιγνήτῳ","κασίγνητοι","κασίγνητοί","κασιγνήτοις","κασιγνήτων","κασιγνήτου","κασιγνήτοιο","κασιγνήτοισι","κασιγνήτω"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","nominative dual masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.39","id":"b3-l39","source":"πάρ τε κασιγνήτῳ Θρασυμήδεϊ καὶ πατέρι ᾧ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.155","id":"b6-l155","source":"τρὶς μάκαρες δὲ κασίγνητοι· μάλα πού σφισι θυμὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.4","id":"b7-l4","source":"στῆσεν ἄρʼ ἐν προθύροισι, κασίγνητοι δέ μιν ἀμφὶς"}]},{"lemma":"κασιγνήτη","count":1,"glosses":["sister"],"forms":["κασιγνήτη"],"morphology":["vocative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.810","id":"b4-l810","source":"τίπτε, κασιγνήτη, δεῦρʼ ἤλυθες; οὔ τι πάρος\n                     γε"}]},{"lemma":"Κασσάνδρη","count":1,"glosses":["Cassandra's"],"forms":["Κασσάνδρης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"Genitive of the possessor/victim before the relative clause; Priam's daughter, prophetess.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.422","id":"b11-l422","source":"Κασσάνδρης, τὴν κτεῖνε Κλυταιμνήστρη δολόμητις"}]},{"lemma":"κατά","count":374,"glosses":["down","throughout","in","through","according to","down from","among","down over","along","over","on","down upon","down through","at","upon","from","for","utterly","on, upon","down along","across","through, throughout","over, throughout","through, down along","over/upon","on, in","in (his) heart","down, indeed","(down along)","along, down","throughout, in","aboard","about","in due","in, according to","into","right","(intensifying)","utterly, completely","down in","as","rightly","concerning","to","around","amid","entirely, utterly","through/down","among/through","through, down","toward","in, throughout","within, down in","beneath","within","facing them","here","through, about","down on","down, along","down to"],"forms":["κατὰ","κατ","κὰδ","κάτα","καθ","κὰκ","κάτ","κατά","κὰμ"],"morphology":["preposition"],"note":"κατά + accusative 'down along/over' the limbs vividly pictures weariness spreading through the body, not just abstractly 'affecting' it.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.29","id":"b1-l29","source":"μνήσατο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονος Αἰγίσθοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.102","id":"b1-l102","source":"βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀίξασα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.116","id":"b1-l116","source":"μνηστήρων τῶν μὲν σκέδασιν κατὰ δώματα θείη,"}]},{"lemma":"κατάγνυμι","count":1,"glosses":["wrecked"],"forms":["κατέαξε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.283","id":"b9-l283","source":"νέα μέν μοι κατέαξε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων"}]},{"lemma":"κατάγω","count":8,"glosses":["were heading in","they came to land","we brought to land","brought down","was putting in","drove down","driving down","leading down"],"forms":["κατάγοντο","κατήγαγεν","κατάγων","κατηγαγόμεσθα","κατήγετο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κατάγοντο is medio-passive: intransitive 'were putting in/heading to shore,' not a transitive 'bringing something in.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.10","id":"b3-l10","source":"οἱ δʼ ἰθὺς κατάγοντο ἰδʼ ἱστία νηὸς ἐίσης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.178","id":"b3-l178","source":"ἐννύχιαι κατάγοντο· Ποσειδάωνι δὲ ταύρων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.140","id":"b10-l140","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς νηὶ κατηγαγόμεσθα σιωπῇ"}]},{"lemma":"κατάνομαι","count":2,"glosses":["is consumed"],"forms":["κατάνεται"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"middle-passive κατάνεται, 'is used up/wasted away.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.58","id":"b2-l58","source":"μαψιδίως· τὰ δὲ πολλὰ κατάνεται. οὐ γὰρ ἔπʼ ἀνήρ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.537","id":"b17-l537","source":"μαψιδίως· τὰ δὲ πολλὰ κατάνεται. οὐ γὰρ ἔπʼ ἀνήρ,"}]},{"lemma":"κατάρχω","count":1,"glosses":["began the rite"],"forms":["κατήρχετο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κατήρχετο: the ritual first-act of sprinkling water/barley that opens Greek sacrifice","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.445","id":"b3-l445","source":"χέρνιβά τʼ οὐλοχύτας τε κατήρχετο, πολλὰ δʼ Ἀθήνῃ"}]},{"lemma":"καταβάλλω","count":2,"glosses":["cast down","dropped"],"forms":["κάββαλε","κάββαλεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"καββάλλω is καταβάλλω with epic assimilation (κατα- > καββ-) before consonant.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.172","id":"b6-l172","source":"νήσου ἀπʼ Ὠγυγίης. νῦν δʼ ἐνθάδε κάββαλε δαίμων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.302","id":"b17-l302","source":"οὐρῇ μέν ῥʼ ὅ γʼ ἔσηνε καὶ οὔατα κάββαλεν ἄμφω,"}]},{"lemma":"καταβαίνω","count":16,"glosses":["went down","to go down","came down","descending","had gone down","we climbed down","climbing down","go down","I went down"],"forms":["κατεβήσετο","καταβῆναι","κατέβαιν","καταβάς","καταβήμεναι","κατεβαίνομεν","καταβὰς","καταβᾶσα","κατάβηθι","κατέβην","κατέβαν"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"aorist imperative, brisk command to leave the upper room","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.330","id":"b1-l330","source":"κλίμακα δʼ ὑψηλὴν κατεβήσετο οἷο δόμοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.337","id":"b2-l337","source":"ὣς φάν, ὁ δʼ ὑψόροφον θάλαμον κατεβήσετο πατρὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.281","id":"b6-l281","source":"οὐρανόθεν καταβάς, ἕξει δέ μιν ἤματα πάντα."}]},{"lemma":"καταβλώσκω","count":1,"glosses":["roaming about"],"forms":["καταβλώσκοντα"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"Vivid rare verb καταβλώσκω 'to roam/wander through', paints Eumaeus lingering in town.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.466","id":"b16-l466","source":"ἄστυ καταβλώσκοντα· τάχιστά με θυμὸς ἀνώγει"}]},{"lemma":"καταβρόχω","count":1,"glosses":["swallowed down"],"forms":["καταβρόξειεν"],"morphology":["aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.222","id":"b4-l222","source":"ὃς τὸ καταβρόξειεν, ἐπὴν κρητῆρι μιγείη,"}]},{"lemma":"καταγηράσκω","count":2,"glosses":["grew old","grow old"],"forms":["κατεγήρα","καταγηράσκουσιν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"καταγηράσκουσιν, gnomic present stating a general truth about mortal suffering and aging.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.510","id":"b9-l510","source":"καὶ μαντευόμενος κατεγήρα Κυκλώπεσσιν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.360","id":"b19-l360","source":"αἶψα γὰρ ἐν κακότητι βροτοὶ καταγηράσκουσιν."}]},{"lemma":"καταγινέω","count":1,"glosses":["used to bring down"],"forms":["καταγίνεον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"imperfect indicative; the epic uncontracted -εον ending of -έω verbs here gives a habitual sense in context, but is not itself an iterative-aspect marker (contrast the true -σκον iterative suffix in φέρεσκον at b10-l108-w7).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.104","id":"b10-l104","source":"ἄστυδʼ ἀφʼ ὑψηλῶν ὀρέων καταγίνεον ὕλην,"}]},{"lemma":"καταδάπτω","count":2,"glosses":["tore apart","is torn"],"forms":["κατέδαψαν","καταδάπτετ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"καταδάπτω 'rend, devour' — a grim image of the corpse left unburied, denied proper funeral rites.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.259","id":"b3-l259","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄρα τόν γε κύνες τε καὶ οἰωνοὶ κατέδαψαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.92","id":"b16-l92","source":"ἦ μάλα μευ καταδάπτετʼ ἀκούοντος φίλον ἦτορ,"}]},{"lemma":"καταδαρθάνω","count":5,"glosses":["lie down to sleep","lay down to sleep","lay down","they two slept","I slept"],"forms":["κατέδραθον","καταδράθω","καδδραθέτην"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb"],"note":"καταδαρθάνω, from κατά + δαρθάνω 'to sleep'; used for 'fall asleep' in Homer and later Attic prose/comedy alike, not a mainly-Homeric word.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.471","id":"b5-l471","source":"θάμνοις ἐν πυκινοῖσι καταδράθω, εἴ με μεθείη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.285","id":"b7-l285","source":"ἐκβὰς ἐν θάμνοισι κατέδραθον, ἀμφὶ δὲ φύλλα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.296","id":"b8-l296","source":"τὼ δʼ ἐς δέμνια βάντε κατέδραθον· ἀμφὶ δὲ δεσμοὶ"}]},{"lemma":"καταδέομαι","count":4,"glosses":["tied up","tethered"],"forms":["κατέδησεν","κατέδησαν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.40","id":"b4-l40","source":"καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέδησαν ἐφʼ ἱππείῃσι κάπῃσι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.572","id":"b10-l572","source":"ἀρνειὸν κατέδησεν ὄιν θῆλύν τε μέλαιναν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.176","id":"b20-l176","source":"καὶ τὰς μὲν κατέδησεν ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ ἐριδούπῳ,"}]},{"lemma":"καταδέρκομαι","count":1,"glosses":["looks down"],"forms":["καταδέρκεται"],"morphology":["present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.16","id":"b11-l16","source":"ἠέλιος φαέθων καταδέρκεται ἀκτίνεσσιν,"}]},{"lemma":"καταδέω","count":6,"glosses":["bound fast","bound up","he bound up","tied down","will bind"],"forms":["κατέδησε","κατέδει","κατέδησαν","καταδήσῃ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"καταδέω 'bind down' — Athena restrains the winds' 'paths' as if they were roads that could be closed off.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.383","id":"b5-l383","source":"ἦ τοι τῶν ἄλλων ἀνέμων κατέδησε κελεύθους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.272","id":"b7-l272","source":"ὅς μοι ἐφορμήσας ἀνέμους κατέδησε κέλευθον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.20","id":"b10-l20","source":"ἔνθα δὲ βυκτάων ἀνέμων κατέδησε κέλευθα·"}]},{"lemma":"καταδύω","count":22,"glosses":["setting","having set","went down","set","going down","has set","stole into, entered","stole into","we will go down","donning","went down, set","to plunge into","had set"],"forms":["καταδύντα","κατέδυ","καταδυσόμεθ","καταδὺς","καταδῦναι","καταδύντι"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active infinitive","aorist active participle, dative singular masculine"],"note":"unusual timing for an assembly — sunset, hinting at the brothers' disorderly haste","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.138","id":"b3-l138","source":"μάψ, ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον, ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.246","id":"b4-l246","source":"ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων κατέδυ πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.249","id":"b4-l249","source":"τῷ ἴκελος κατέδυ Τρώων πόλιν, οἱ δʼ ἀβάκησαν"}]},{"lemma":"καταζαίνω","count":1,"glosses":["would dry up"],"forms":["καταζήνασκε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.587","id":"b11-l587","source":"γαῖα μέλαινα φάνεσκε, καταζήνασκε δὲ δαίμων."}]},{"lemma":"καταθέλγω","count":1,"glosses":["had bewitched"],"forms":["κατέθελξεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"καταθέλγω 'enchant utterly' — Circe's drugs tame wild beasts into eerie tameness, a key motif of her magic.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.213","id":"b10-l213","source":"τοὺς αὐτὴ κατέθελξεν, ἐπεὶ κακὰ φάρμακʼ ἔδωκεν."}]},{"lemma":"καταθνήσκω","count":11,"glosses":["dead","who have perished","were to die","who have died","having died","who has died","departed","who had perished"],"forms":["κατατεθνηώτων","κατατεθνηυίης","κατατεθναίη","κατατεθνηῶτας"],"morphology":["perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine","perfect active participle, genitive singular feminine","perfect active optative, 3rd singular verb","perfect active participle, genitive plural neuter","perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine"],"note":"perfect optative in an unreal/hypothetical protasis (\"not even if his mother and father were to die\") — the published translation uses the conditional, not a simple past.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.224","id":"b4-l224","source":"οὐδʼ εἴ οἱ κατατεθναίη μήτηρ τε πατήρ τε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.530","id":"b10-l530","source":"ψυχαὶ ἐλεύσονται νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.37","id":"b11-l37","source":"ψυχαὶ ὑπὲξ Ἐρέβευς νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων."}]},{"lemma":"καταθνητός","count":6,"glosses":["mortal","of mortal"],"forms":["καταθνητῶν"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.114","id":"b3-l114","source":"πάντα γε μυθήσαιτο καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.502","id":"b9-l502","source":"Κύκλωψ, αἴ κέν τίς σε καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.587","id":"b17-l587","source":"οὐ γάρ πού τινες ὧδε καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων"}]},{"lemma":"καταθύμιος","count":1,"glosses":["on my mind"],"forms":["καταθύμιόν"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"καταθύμιος, 'in accordance with the θυμός'—an idiom for what one is intent on saying.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.392","id":"b22-l392","source":"ὄφρα ἔπος εἴπωμι τό μοι καταθύμιόν ἐστιν."}]},{"lemma":"καταιβατός","count":1,"glosses":["descendable"],"forms":["καταιβαταὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"καταιβαταὶ, rare verbal adjective 'able to be gone down through' — the door mortals use","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.110","id":"b13-l110","source":"αἱ μὲν πρὸς Βορέαο καταιβαταὶ ἀνθρώποισιν,"}]},{"lemma":"καταικίζω","count":2,"glosses":["are tarnished","were tarnished"],"forms":["κατῄκισται"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"καταικίζω 'disfigure, spoil' — perfect passive, the weapons' current ruined state.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.290","id":"b16-l290","source":"ἀλλὰ κατῄκισται, ὅσσον πυρὸς ἵκετʼ ἀϋτμή."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.9","id":"b19-l9","source":"ἀλλὰ κατῄκισται, ὅσσον πυρὸς ἵκετʼ ἀϋτμή."}]},{"lemma":"καταισχύνω","count":4,"glosses":["disgrace","shame","to shame","shaming"],"forms":["καταισχύνητέ","καταισχύνειν","καταισχύνοντα"],"morphology":["aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","present active infinitive","present active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"μή τι καταισχύνειν, purpose infinitive continuing the sense of εἴσεαι — 'not to disgrace...'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.293","id":"b16-l293","source":"ἀλλήλους τρώσητε καταισχύνητέ τε δαῖτα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.12","id":"b19-l12","source":"ἀλλήλους τρώσητε καταισχύνητέ τε δαῖτα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.508","id":"b24-l508","source":"μή τι καταισχύνειν πατέρων γένος, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ"}]},{"lemma":"κατακαίω","count":3,"glosses":["burn","to burn"],"forms":["κατακῆαι","κακκῆαι"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive"],"note":"κατακαίω aorist infinitive 'burn up', ritual cremation-with-armor request.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.533","id":"b10-l533","source":"δείραντας κατακῆαι, ἐπεύξασθαι δὲ θεοῖσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.46","id":"b11-l46","source":"δείραντας κατακῆαι, ἐπεύξασθαι δὲ θεοῖσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.74","id":"b11-l74","source":"ἀλλά με κακκῆαι σὺν τεύχεσιν, ἅσσα μοι ἔστιν,"}]},{"lemma":"κατακείρω","count":3,"glosses":["devour, waste","you were plundering","ravaged"],"forms":["κατακείρετε","κατεκείρετε","κατέκειραν"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.686","id":"b4-l686","source":"οἳ θάμʼ ἀγειρόμενοι βίοτον κατακείρετε πολλόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.36","id":"b22-l36","source":"δήμου ἄπο Τρώων, ὅτι μοι κατεκείρετε οἶκον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.356","id":"b23-l356","source":"μῆλα δʼ ἅ μοι μνηστῆρες ὑπερφίαλοι κατέκειραν,"}]},{"lemma":"κατακείω","count":10,"glosses":["intending to lie down","about to lie down","go lie down","to lie down","lie","lay","going to bed","go to bed","we may go to bed","lay couched"],"forms":["κακκείοντες","κατακείετε","κατάκειτ","κατέκειτ","κατακείομεν","κατέκειτο"],"morphology":["future active participle, nominative plural masculine","future active indicative, 2nd plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb"],"note":"κακκείοντες is a rare future participle expressing purpose/desire ('longing to go to bed'), a distinctly Homeric formation.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.424","id":"b1-l424","source":"δὴ τότε κακκείοντες ἔβαν οἶκόνδε ἕκαστος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.396","id":"b3-l396","source":"οἱ μὲν κακκείοντες ἔβαν οἶκόνδε ἕκαστος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.188","id":"b7-l188","source":"νῦν μὲν δαισάμενοι κατακείετε οἴκαδʼ ἰόντες·"}]},{"lemma":"κατακλάω","count":7,"glosses":["was broken","was crushed"],"forms":["κατεκλάσθη"],"morphology":["aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κατακλάω 'shatter/break down' — vivid metaphor for Menelaus's despair on hearing the delay ahead","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.481","id":"b4-l481","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐμοί γε κατεκλάσθη φίλον\n                     ἦτορ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.538","id":"b4-l538","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐμοί γε κατεκλάσθη φίλον ἦτορ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.256","id":"b9-l256","source":"ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτε κατεκλάσθη φίλον\n                     ἦτορ,"}]},{"lemma":"κατακλίνω","count":1,"glosses":["laying down"],"forms":["κατακλίνας"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.165","id":"b10-l165","source":"εἰρυσάμην· τὸ μὲν αὖθι κατακλίνας ἐπὶ γαίῃ"}]},{"lemma":"κατακοσμέω","count":1,"glosses":["you set in order"],"forms":["κατακοσμήσησθε"],"morphology":["aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"Aorist subjunctive after ἐπήν ('whenever'), a general-future temporal clause.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.440","id":"b22-l440","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ πάντα δόμον κατακοσμήσησθε,"}]},{"lemma":"κατακρύπτω","count":5,"glosses":["hiding","disguising","they hide","having hidden them"],"forms":["κατακρύπτων","κατακρύπτουσιν","κατακρύψας","κατακρύψασ","κατακρύψασα"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"κατακρύψασ᾽, aorist participle — she conceals the cups under her cloak before carrying them off.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.247","id":"b4-l247","source":"ἄλλῳ δʼ αὐτὸν φωτὶ κατακρύπτων ἤισκε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.205","id":"b7-l205","source":"οὔ τι κατακρύπτουσιν, ἐπεί σφισιν ἐγγύθεν εἰμέν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.329","id":"b9-l329","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκα κατακρύψας ὑπὸ κόπρῳ,"}]},{"lemma":"κατακτείνω","count":20,"glosses":["killed","having killed","to kill","kills","were slain","kill","slaughters","I killed","they kill","slain","you have killed","had killed","might kill","he kills","we slaughtered"],"forms":["κατέκτανε","κατέκτανον","κατακτείνει","κατέκταθεν","κατακτάμεν","κατάκτανε","κατακτάς","κατακτὰς","κατακτείνωσι","κατακτάμενος","κατακτείνειν","κατέκτανεν","κατέκτανες","κατακτεῖναι","κατακτείνειε","κατακτείνῃ","κατακτείνας","κατεκτάνομεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","present active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":"epic passive κατέκταθεν (root κτείνω) with -θεν ending, an old aorist passive form","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.75","id":"b1-l75","source":"οὔ τι κατακτείνει, πλάζει δʼ ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.108","id":"b3-l108","source":"μαρνάμεθʼ· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτα κατέκταθεν ὅσσοι ἄριστοι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.535","id":"b4-l535","source":"δειπνίσσας, ὥς τίς τε κατέκτανε βοῦν ἐπὶ φάτνῃ."}]},{"lemma":"καταλέγω","count":56,"glosses":["recount","tell","told","will tell","you told","I will tell","told, recounted","lay down","I will recount","I will tell fully","tell in full","shall lie down","told, related","may tell","I have told","you recount","shall I tell","he told","tell, recount","had lain down","lying down","will recount","we will recount","to lie down","lie down","I will name","tell, relate","lying","tell me of","you have told, recounted","recounting","told of"],"forms":["κατάλεξον","καταλέξω","κατέλεξας","κατέλεξα","κατέλεξεν","καταλέγμενος","καταλέξεται","καταλέξῃ","καταλέξῃς","κατελέξατο","κατέλεκτο","κατέλεκτ","καταλέξομεν","καταλέχθαι","κατάλεξαι","καταλέξαι","κατέλεξε"],"morphology":["aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","future active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","future indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","future active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist passive infinitive","aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active infinitive"],"note":"καταλέξω, future of καταλέγω 'recount in order,' signals a formal, detailed narration to follow","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.169","id":"b1-l169","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.206","id":"b1-l206","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.224","id":"b1-l224","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον·"}]},{"lemma":"καταλείβω","count":1,"glosses":["shall I leave behind"],"forms":["καλλείψω"],"morphology":["aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.208","id":"b13-l208","source":"καλλείψω, μή πώς μοι ἕλωρ ἄλλοισι γένηται."}]},{"lemma":"καταλείπω","count":17,"glosses":["left behind","he left behind","leave behind","he left","we had left","abandon","I had left","I left behind","we left","did I leave","I left"],"forms":["κατέλειπεν","κάλλιπ","κατέλειπον","κάλλιπεν","κατελείπομεν","καταλείπειν","καλλιπέειν","κάλλιπον"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"Imperfect καταλείπομεν, 'we were leaving behind' — nostalgic view of Penelope as a young bride.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.243","id":"b1-l243","source":"κάλλιπεν. οὐδέ τι κεῖνον ὀδυρόμενος στεναχίζω"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.271","id":"b3-l271","source":"κάλλιπεν οἰωνοῖσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γενέσθαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.344","id":"b5-l344","source":"κάλλιπʼ, ἀτὰρ χείρεσσι νέων ἐπιμαίεο νόστου"}]},{"lemma":"καταλοφάδεια","count":1,"glosses":["across the neck"],"forms":["καταλοφάδεια"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"Rare adverb 'slung across the shoulders/neck', hapax-like formulaic detail.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.169","id":"b10-l169","source":"βῆν δὲ καταλοφάδεια φέρων ἐπὶ νῆα μέλαιναν"}]},{"lemma":"καταλύω","count":1,"glosses":["shall we unyoke"],"forms":["καταλύσομεν"],"morphology":["aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb"],"note":"καταλύσομεν: deliberative subjunctive, 'shall we unyoke?', asking for a decision rather than stating a fact.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.28","id":"b4-l28","source":"ἀλλʼ εἴπʼ, ἤ σφωιν καταλύσομεν ὠκέας ἵππους,"}]},{"lemma":"κατανεύω","count":6,"glosses":["nodded assent","nodding","he nodded assent","having nodded"],"forms":["κατένευσε","κατανεύων","κατένευσας","καννεύσας","κατένευσεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"κατανεύω, 'nod down' in assent — the same verb used of Zeus's binding nod, here of Menelaus's promise.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.6","id":"b4-l6","source":"ἐν Τροίῃ γὰρ πρῶτον ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.490","id":"b9-l490","source":"κρατὶ κατανεύων· οἱ δὲ προπεσόντες ἔρεσσον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.133","id":"b13-l133","source":"πάγχυ, ἐπεὶ σὺ πρῶτον ὑπέσχεο καὶ κατένευσας."}]},{"lemma":"καταντικρύ","count":2,"glosses":["straight down from"],"forms":["καταντικρὺ"],"morphology":["preposition"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.559","id":"b10-l559","source":"ἀλλὰ καταντικρὺ τέγεος πέσεν· ἐκ δέ οἱ αὐχὴν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.64","id":"b11-l64","source":"ἀλλὰ καταντικρὺ τέγεος πέσον· ἐκ δέ μοι αὐχὴν"}]},{"lemma":"καταπαύω","count":5,"glosses":["we will stop","restrain","to restrain","I stopped, appeased","to make cease"],"forms":["καταπαυέμεν","καταπαύσομεν","καταπαύετε","κατέπαυσα"],"morphology":["present active infinitive","aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"καταπαυέμεν, epic infinitive ending -έμεν (=-εῖν), archaic alternate form.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.168","id":"b2-l168","source":"φραζώμεσθʼ, ὥς κεν καταπαύσομεν· οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.241","id":"b2-l241","source":"παύρους μνηστῆρας καταπαύετε πολλοὶ ἐόντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.244","id":"b2-l244","source":"ἡμέας ὀτρύνων καταπαυέμεν. ἀργαλέον δὲ"}]},{"lemma":"καταπίπτω","count":3,"glosses":["fell/plunged","plunged down","he fell down"],"forms":["κάππεσε","κάππεσ","κάππεσεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κατα- 'down' + πίπτω: compound verb, epic aorist.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.374","id":"b5-l374","source":"αὐτὸς δὲ πρηνὴς ἁλὶ κάππεσε, χεῖρε πετάσσας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.414","id":"b12-l414","source":"κάππεσʼ ἀπʼ ἰκριόφιν, λίπε δʼ ὀστέα θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.85","id":"b22-l85","source":"κάππεσεν ἰδνωθείς, ἀπὸ δʼ εἴδατα χεῦεν ἔραζε"}]},{"lemma":"καταπλέω","count":1,"glosses":["we sailed in"],"forms":["κατεπλέομεν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.142","id":"b9-l142","source":"ἔνθα κατεπλέομεν, καί τις θεὸς ἡγεμόνευεν"}]},{"lemma":"καταπρηνής","count":3,"glosses":["flat"],"forms":["καταπρηνεῖ","καταπρηνέσσ","καταπρηνέσσι"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"καταπρηνεῖ 'palm-down, flat' — vivid physical detail of the striking blow","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.164","id":"b13-l164","source":"χειρὶ καταπρηνεῖ ἐλάσας· ὁ δὲ νόσφι βεβήκει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.199","id":"b13-l199","source":"χερσὶ καταπρηνέσσʼ, ὀλοφυρόμενος δʼ ἔπος ηὔδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.467","id":"b19-l467","source":"τὴν γρηῢς χείρεσσι καταπρηνέσσι λαβοῦσα"}]},{"lemma":"καταράομαι","count":1,"glosses":["call down curses"],"forms":["καταρῶνται"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.330","id":"b19-l330","source":"τῷ δὲ καταρῶνται πάντες βροτοὶ ἄλγεʼ ὀπίσσω"}]},{"lemma":"καταριγηλός","count":1,"glosses":["a horror"],"forms":["καταριγηλὰ"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"καταριγηλός 'causing shudders' is a rare epic coinage, found almost only here","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.226","id":"b14-l226","source":"λυγρά, τά τʼ ἄλλοισίν γε καταριγηλὰ πέλονται."}]},{"lemma":"καταρρέζω","count":3,"glosses":["stroked"],"forms":["κατέρεξεν","κατέρεξε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Rare Homeric verb καταρρέζω, 'caress/stroke gently', a gesture of affection.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.610","id":"b4-l610","source":"χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.181","id":"b5-l181","source":"χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.288","id":"b13-l288","source":"χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξε· δέμας δʼ ἤϊκτο γυναικὶ"}]},{"lemma":"κατασκιάω","count":1,"glosses":["overshadowed"],"forms":["κατεσκίαον"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.436","id":"b12-l436","source":"μακροί τε μεγάλοι τε, κατεσκίαον δὲ Χάρυβδιν."}]},{"lemma":"καταστόρνυμι","count":1,"glosses":["spreading"],"forms":["καστορνῦσα"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.32","id":"b17-l32","source":"κώεα καστορνῦσα θρόνοις ἔνι δαιδαλέοισι,"}]},{"lemma":"κατατήκω","count":3,"glosses":["melt away","melts down","melted"],"forms":["κατατήκομαι","κατατήκετ","κατέτηξεν"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κατατήκομαι 'I waste/melt away' — vivid metaphor of grief consuming the heart","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.136","id":"b19-l136","source":"ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσῆ ποθέουσα φίλον κατατήκομαι ἦτορ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.205","id":"b19-l205","source":"ὡς δὲ χιὼν κατατήκετʼ ἐν ἀκροπόλοισιν ὄρεσσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.206","id":"b19-l206","source":"ἥν τʼ Εὖρος κατέτηξεν, ἐπὴν Ζέφυρος καταχεύῃ·"}]},{"lemma":"κατατίθημι","count":38,"glosses":["laid down","set down","stowed away","they set down","they laid down","he laid away","set him down","will set out","to put away","I put away","we set aside","to store away","I stowed","may store away","to store it away","lay out","I will set up","setting down","set it down, lay aside","we may set aside","laid up","we laid down","she set out","put away, stored","laying out"],"forms":["κατέθηκε","κάτθεσαν","κατέθηκεν","κατέθεντο","κατέθηκ","κατέθηκα","κατέθηχ","καταθήσει","καταθεῖναι","κατθέμεθα","κατθέμεν","καταθείομαι","καταθέσθαι","κάτθετε","καταθήσω","καταθεὶς","κάτθετ","καταθείομεν","κατθέσθην","κάτθεμεν","κατθέμενοι"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb","aorist medio-passive infinitive","future active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"κατα-τίθημι 'lay down, set down'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.415","id":"b2-l415","source":"κάτθεσαν, ὡς ἐκέλευσεν Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.75","id":"b6-l75","source":"καὶ τὴν μὲν κατέθηκεν ἐυξέστῳ ἐπʼ ἀπήνῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.247","id":"b9-l247","source":"πλεκτοῖς ἐν ταλάροισιν ἀμησάμενος κατέθηκεν,"}]},{"lemma":"κατατρύχω","count":2,"glosses":["wear down"],"forms":["κατατρύχω","κατατρύχῃ"],"morphology":["present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"subjunctive after ἵνα μή, negative purpose clause","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.309","id":"b15-l309","source":"πτωχεύσων, ἵνα μή σε κατατρύχω καὶ ἑταίρους."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.84","id":"b16-l84","source":"ἔδμεναι, ὡς ἂν μή σε κατατρύχῃ καὶ ἑταίρους."}]},{"lemma":"καταφθίω","count":5,"glosses":["perished","of a dead man","will destroy"],"forms":["καταφθίσθαι","καταφθιμένοιο","κατέφθιτο","καταφθίσει","καταφθιμένοισιν"],"morphology":["aorist middle infinitive","aorist participle, genitive singular masculine","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle participle, dative plural masculine"],"note":"aorist infinitive after ὤφελες ('would that you had'), an unfulfilled-wish idiom — a cruel taunt to the seer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.183","id":"b2-l183","source":"ὤλετο τῆλʼ, ὡς καὶ σὺ καταφθίσθαι σὺν ἐκείνῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.196","id":"b3-l196","source":"ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ παῖδα καταφθιμένοιο λιπέσθαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.363","id":"b4-l363","source":"καί νύ κεν ἤια πάντα κατέφθιτο καὶ μένεʼ ἀνδρῶν,"}]},{"lemma":"καταχέω","count":1,"glosses":["poured down"],"forms":["κατέχευε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κατέχευε closes the simile, echoing περιχεύεται from l232: Athena 'pours' grace like gold over silver.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.235","id":"b6-l235","source":"ὣς ἄρα τῷ κατέχευε χάριν κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ὤμοις."}]},{"lemma":"καταχεύω","count":7,"glosses":["poured","poured down","tumbled","pours down"],"forms":["κατέχευεν","κατέχευε","κατέχυνθ","κατέχευας","καταχεύῃ"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"καταχεύω, 'pour down over'—Athena's divine beautification motif recurs several times in the poem.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.12","id":"b2-l12","source":"θεσπεσίην δʼ ἄρα τῷ γε χάριν κατέχευεν Ἀθήνη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.42","id":"b7-l42","source":"θεσπεσίην κατέχευε φίλα φρονέουσʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.19","id":"b8-l19","source":"θεσπεσίην κατέχευε χάριν κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ὤμοις"}]},{"lemma":"κατέδω","count":9,"glosses":["devour","they eat up","devouring","are devouring","will devour"],"forms":["κατέδουσιν","κατέδουσι","κατεδόντων","κατέδονται"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, genitive plural masculine","future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"κατέδουσιν, vivid present ‘eat up’ for the suitors consuming Odysseus's estate.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.237","id":"b2-l237","source":"σφὰς γὰρ παρθέμενοι κεφαλὰς κατέδουσι βιαίως"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.116","id":"b11-l116","source":"ἄνδρας ὑπερφιάλους, οἵ τοι βίοτον κατέδουσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.396","id":"b13-l396","source":"ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων, οἵ τοι βίοτον κατέδουσιν."}]},{"lemma":"κατέπεφνον","count":11,"glosses":["slew","killed","he killed","slay","had killed","slew them","I slew"],"forms":["κατέπεφνεν","κατέπεφνε","κατέπεφνον"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"κατέπεφνον is a rare old aorist (no present stem), 'slay,' used only in epic formula.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.252","id":"b3-l252","source":"πλάζετʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, ὁ δὲ θαρσήσας κατέπεφνε;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.280","id":"b3-l280","source":"οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχόμενος κατέπεφνε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.534","id":"b4-l534","source":"τὸν δʼ οὐκ εἰδότʼ ὄλεθρον ἀνήγαγε καὶ κατέπεφνεν"}]},{"lemma":"κατέρχομαι","count":16,"glosses":["had come down","came down","we came down","coming down","went down","I have come down","will go down","had gone down","comes down","to come down","I came down"],"forms":["κατήλυθον","κατήλθομεν","κατερχομένης","κατελεύσομαι","κατῆλθεν","κατῆλθε","κατέρχεται","κατελθέμεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","future indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive"],"note":"κατήλυθον, 'came down (to the shore),' uses the epic aorist stem of κατέρχομαι rather than the later κατῆλθον.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.182","id":"b1-l182","source":"νῦν δʼ ὧδε ξὺν νηὶ κατήλυθον ἠδʼ ἑτάροισιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.303","id":"b1-l303","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπὶ νῆα θοὴν κατελεύσομαι ἤδη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.407","id":"b2-l407","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἐπὶ νῆα κατήλυθον ἠδὲ θάλασσαν,"}]},{"lemma":"κατέχω","count":10,"glosses":["stayed","was held","holds","closed over","held, covered","will cover","will hold down","hold back","covered","holding down"],"forms":["καθέξει","κατέσχετ","κατείχετο","κατέχει","κατέσχεν","κάτεχ","κατάσχῃ","κατέσχετο","κατέχων"],"morphology":["future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"κατέσχετ' from κατέχω 'held back/put in' — Menelaus's ship stopped there.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.284","id":"b3-l284","source":"ὣς ὁ μὲν ἔνθα κατέσχετʼ, ἐπειγόμενός περ ὁδοῖο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.145","id":"b9-l145","source":"οὐρανόθεν προύφαινε, κατείχετο δὲ νεφέεσσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.301","id":"b11-l301","source":"τοὺς ἄμφω ζωοὺς κατέχει φυσίζοος αἶα·"}]},{"lemma":"κατείβω","count":3,"glosses":["was draining away","down-flowing","let fall"],"forms":["κατείβετο","κατειβόμενον","κατείβετον"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","present active indicative, 2nd dual verb"],"note":"κατείβετο 'trickled/melted away' — vivid metaphor for his life ebbing like liquid","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.152","id":"b5-l152","source":"δακρυόφιν τέρσοντο, κατείβετο δὲ γλυκὺς αἰὼν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.185","id":"b5-l185","source":"καὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, ὅς τε μέγιστος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.86","id":"b21-l86","source":"ἆ δειλώ, τί νυ δάκρυ κατείβετον ἠδὲ γυναικὶ"}]},{"lemma":"κατεναίρομαι","count":1,"glosses":["he cut down"],"forms":["κατενήρατο"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.519","id":"b11-l519","source":"ἀλλʼ οἷον τὸν Τηλεφίδην κατενήρατο χαλκῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"κατερητύω","count":2,"glosses":["detained, held back","checked"],"forms":["κατερήτυεν","κατερήτυε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.31","id":"b9-l31","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως Κίρκη κατερήτυεν ἐν μεγάροισιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.545","id":"b19-l545","source":"φωνῇ δὲ βροτέῃ κατερήτυε φώνησέν τε·"}]},{"lemma":"κατερύκω","count":13,"glosses":["held back","is held back","holds back","hold back!","am held back","held back, restrained"],"forms":["κατέρυκε","κατερύκεται","κατερύκει","κατερύκομαι"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"κατερύκεται is passive — Odysseus is the object of restraint, not an agent; sets up the theme of captivity by Calypso.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.55","id":"b1-l55","source":"τοῦ θυγάτηρ δύστηνον ὀδυρόμενον κατερύκει,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.197","id":"b1-l197","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι που ζωὸς κατερύκεται εὐρέι πόντῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.315","id":"b1-l315","source":"μή μʼ ἔτι νῦν κατέρυκε, λιλαιόμενόν περ ὁδοῖο."}]},{"lemma":"κατερύω","count":4,"glosses":["was drawn down","he hauled down","is hauled down"],"forms":["κατειρύσθαι","κατείρυσεν","κατείρυσται"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κατερύω: 'drag down', standard verb for launching a ship into the sea","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.261","id":"b5-l261","source":"μοχλοῖσιν δʼ ἄρα τήν γε κατείρυσεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.151","id":"b8-l151","source":"νηῦς τε κατείρυσται καὶ ἐπαρτέες εἰσὶν ἑταῖροι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.332","id":"b14-l332","source":"νῆα κατειρύσθαι καὶ ἐπαρτέας ἔμμεν ἑταίρους,"}]},{"lemma":"κατεσθίω","count":1,"glosses":["devoured"],"forms":["κατήσθιε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"imperfect: she ate them one after another, ongoing horror","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.256","id":"b12-l256","source":"αὐτοῦ δʼ εἰνὶ θύρῃσι κατήσθιε κεκληγῶτας"}]},{"lemma":"κατευνάω","count":2,"glosses":["laid down to rest"],"forms":["κατευνηθέντα"],"morphology":["aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.414","id":"b4-l414","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐπὴν δὴ πρῶτα κατευνηθέντα ἴδησθε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.421","id":"b4-l421","source":"τοῖος ἐὼν οἷόν κε κατευνηθέντα ἴδησθε,"}]},{"lemma":"κατηρεφής","count":3,"glosses":["arched overhead","roofed over","vaulted"],"forms":["κατηρεφές"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"κατηρεφές ('roofed over') pictures the wave curling like a roof above him before it breaks.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.367","id":"b5-l367","source":"δεινόν τʼ ἀργαλέον τε, κατηρεφές, ἤλασε δʼ αὐτόν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.183","id":"b9-l183","source":"ὑψηλόν, δάφνῃσι κατηρεφές. ἔνθα δὲ πολλὰ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.349","id":"b13-l349","source":"τοῦτο δέ τοι σπέος ἐστὶ κατηρεφές, ἔνθα σὺ πολλὰς"}]},{"lemma":"κατηφέω","count":1,"glosses":["were downcast"],"forms":["κατήφησάν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"κατηφέω 'be downcast/ashamed', paired with ἀκάχοντο for emotional intensity","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.342","id":"b16-l342","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ἀκάχοντο κατήφησάν τʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"κατηφής","count":1,"glosses":["downcast"],"forms":["κατηφέες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.432","id":"b24-l432","source":"ἴομεν· ἦ καὶ ἔπειτα κατηφέες ἐσσόμεθʼ αἰεί·"}]},{"lemma":"κατίσχω","count":2,"glosses":["is held, occupied","bring in"],"forms":["καταΐσχεται","κατισχέμεναι"],"morphology":["present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active infinitive"],"note":"κατίσχω 'hold/steer to shore' - Agamemnon's warning to land the ship quietly","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.122","id":"b9-l122","source":"οὔτʼ ἄρα ποίμνῃσιν καταΐσχεται οὔτʼ ἀρότοισιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.456","id":"b11-l456","source":"νῆα κατισχέμεναι· ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι πιστὰ γυναιξίν."}]},{"lemma":"κατόπισθεν","count":6,"glosses":["behind","astern of","hereafter","from behind","afterward"],"forms":["κατόπισθε","κατόπισθεν"],"morphology":["adverb","preposition"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.6","id":"b11-l6","source":"ἡμῖν δʼ αὖ κατόπισθε νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.148","id":"b12-l148","source":"ἡμῖν δʼ αὖ κατόπισθε νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.116","id":"b21-l116","source":"λείποι ἅμʼ ἄλλῳ ἰοῦσʼ, ὅτʼ ἐγὼ κατόπισθε λιποίμην"}]},{"lemma":"κατῶρυξ","count":2,"glosses":["set deep","deep-sunk"],"forms":["κατωρυχέεσσ","κατωρυχέεσσι"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.267","id":"b6-l267","source":"ῥυτοῖσιν λάεσσι κατωρυχέεσσʼ ἀραρυῖα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.185","id":"b9-l185","source":"ὑψηλὴ δέδμητο κατωρυχέεσσι λίθοισι"}]},{"lemma":"Καύκωνες","count":1,"glosses":["Cauconians"],"forms":["Καύκωνας"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":"a lesser-known people near Pylos, adding local color to Nestor/Athena's disguised itinerary","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.366","id":"b3-l366","source":"νῦν· ἀτὰρ ἠῶθεν μετὰ Καύκωνας μεγαθύμους"}]},{"lemma":"κέδρος","count":1,"glosses":["of cedar"],"forms":["κέδρου"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.60","id":"b5-l60","source":"κέδρου τʼ εὐκεάτοιο θύου τʼ ἀνὰ νῆσον ὀδώδει"}]},{"lemma":"κέλαδος","count":1,"glosses":["din, uproar"],"forms":["κέλαδον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.402","id":"b18-l402","source":"πρὶν ἐλθεῖν· τῷ οὔ τι τόσον κέλαδον μετέθηκε."}]},{"lemma":"κέλευθος","count":22,"glosses":["paths","ways","his way","voyage","path","her path","my road","of the journey","of my journey","paths/courses","the road","my path","of the way","course"],"forms":["κέλευθα","κελεύθου","κέλευθον","κελεύθους","κέλευθοι"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","genitive singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"ὑγρὰ κέλευθα 'watery paths/ways' is a fixed epic kenning for the sea-routes","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.195","id":"b1-l195","source":"σὸν πατέρʼ· ἀλλά νυ τόν γε θεοὶ βλάπτουσι κελεύθου."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.213","id":"b2-l213","source":"οἵ κέ μοι ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα διαπρήσσωσι κέλευθον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.429","id":"b2-l429","source":"ἡ δʼ ἔθεεν κατὰ κῦμα διαπρήσσουσα κέλευθον."}]},{"lemma":"κέλης","count":1,"glosses":["racehorse"],"forms":["κέληθ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.371","id":"b5-l371","source":"ἀμφʼ ἑνὶ δούρατι βαῖνε, κέληθʼ ὡς ἵππον ἐλαύνων,"}]},{"lemma":"κέλλω","count":5,"glosses":["we beached","having beached","beach (it)"],"forms":["ἐκέλσαμεν","κελσάσῃσι","κέλσαι"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active participle, dative plural feminine","aorist imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"aorist participle κέλλω, agreeing with νηυσὶ (dative absolute-like sense)","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.149","id":"b9-l149","source":"κελσάσῃσι δὲ νηυσὶ καθείλομεν ἱστία πάντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.546","id":"b9-l546","source":"νῆα μὲν ἔνθʼ ἐλθόντες ἐκέλσαμεν ἐν ψαμάθοισιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.511","id":"b10-l511","source":"νῆα μὲν αὐτοῦ κέλσαι ἐπʼ Ὠκεανῷ βαθυδίνῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"κέλομαι","count":34,"glosses":["bids","bid","you bid","I ordered","ordered","called out","let bid","he called","called","will invite","I beg","pressed, urged","urge, press","I would bid","I bid, urge","I bid","bids, urges","they urge","called upon","order","bid, command","bids, orders"],"forms":["κέλεται","κέλεαι","κέλομαι","ἐκέκλετο","κελόμην","κέλονται","κέκλετο","κελέσθω","κελήσεται","κέλεσθαί","κέλετο","κελοίμην","κέλεσθε","κέλεταί"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive infinitive","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"κέλομαι and ἄνωγα paired for emphasis—'I urge and command,' typical epic doubling of near-synonyms.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.114","id":"b2-l114","source":"τῷ ὅτεῴ τε πατὴρ κέλεται καὶ ἁνδάνει αὐτῇ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.317","id":"b3-l317","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐς μὲν Μενέλαον ἐγὼ κέλομαι καὶ ἄνωγα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.425","id":"b3-l425","source":"εἷς δʼ αὖ χρυσοχόον Λαέρκεα δεῦρο κελέσθω"}]},{"lemma":"Κένταυρος","count":2,"glosses":["the Centaur","Centaurs"],"forms":["Κένταυρον","Κενταύροισι"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.295","id":"b21-l295","source":"οἶνος καὶ Κένταυρον, ἀγακλυτὸν Εὐρυτίωνα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.303","id":"b21-l303","source":"ἐξ οὗ Κενταύροισι καὶ ἀνδράσι νεῖκος ἐτύχθη,"}]},{"lemma":"κέρας","count":9,"glosses":["horn","horns","on horns","on the horns","by the horns","of horn","the horn"],"forms":["κέρασιν","κεράων","κέρα","κέρας","κεράεσσι"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun","genitive plural neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"simile: eyes as unmoving as horn or iron, showing Odysseus's iron self-control","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.384","id":"b3-l384","source":"τήν τοι ἐγὼ ῥέξω χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.426","id":"b3-l426","source":"ἐλθεῖν, ὄφρα βοὸς χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.437","id":"b3-l437","source":"χρυσὸν ἔδωχʼ· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα βοὸς κέρασιν περίχευεν"}]},{"lemma":"κέρδος","count":11,"glosses":["cunning wiles","of gains","cunning ways","for cunning","profit, gain","shrewd thoughts","gains","cunning tricks","advantage","gains, profits"],"forms":["κέρδεα","κέρδε","κέρδος","κέρδεά","κερδέων","κέρδεσιν"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","genitive plural neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun"],"note":"κέρδεα 'cunning schemes' — object of the participle νωμῶν, showing Telemachus deliberately staging Odysseus's disguise.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.88","id":"b2-l88","source":"ἀλλὰ φίλη μήτηρ, ἥ τοι πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.118","id":"b2-l118","source":"κέρδεά θʼ, οἷʼ οὔ πώ τινʼ ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.164","id":"b8-l164","source":"κερδέων θʼ ἁρπαλέων· οὐδʼ ἀθλητῆρι ἔοικας."}]},{"lemma":"κεάζω","count":7,"glosses":["split","shattered","I would shatter","to split"],"forms":["ἐκέασσε","κεάσαιμι","κέασε","κεάσσαι","κεκεασμένα","κέασαν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","aorist active infinitive","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"Aorist optative expresses Zeus's resolved future intention, a potential-wish nuance.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.132","id":"b5-l132","source":"Ζεὺς ἔλσας ἐκέασσε μέσῳ ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.250","id":"b7-l250","source":"Ζεὺς ἔλσας ἐκέασσε μέσῳ ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.388","id":"b12-l388","source":"τυτθὰ βαλὼν κεάσαιμι μέσῳ ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ."}]},{"lemma":"κεδάννυμι","count":2,"glosses":["scattered"],"forms":["ἐκέδασσεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.317","id":"b13-l317","source":"βῆμεν δʼ ἐν νήεσσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐκέδασσεν Ἀχαιούς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.242","id":"b14-l242","source":"οἴκαδε σὺν νήεσσι, θεὸς δʼ ἐκέδασσεν Ἀχαιούς."}]},{"lemma":"κεδνός","count":13,"glosses":["faithful","trusty","honored","most trustworthy","good, trusty","wise things","faithful, dear","careful (things)","loyal things"],"forms":["κεδνὰ","κεδνὴ","κεδνῇ","κεδνότατός","κεδνοῖο","κεδνὴν"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"κεδνότατος: superlative of κεδνός, 'most trusty/careful' — paired with κήδιστος for emphasis.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.335","id":"b1-l335","source":"ἀμφίπολος δʼ ἄρα οἱ κεδνὴ ἑκάτερθε παρέστη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.428","id":"b1-l428","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἅμʼ αἰθομένας δαΐδας φέρε κεδνὰ ἰδυῖα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.432","id":"b1-l432","source":"ἶσα δέ μιν κεδνῇ ἀλόχῳ τίεν ἐν μεγάροισιν,"}]},{"lemma":"κείρω","count":9,"glosses":["wasting","devour it","waste it","you wasted","to cut","tore at","were wasting","shore off"],"forms":["κείρετ","ἔκειρον","ἐκείρετε","κείρασθαί","κείροντας","κείροντό","κείροντες"],"morphology":["present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb","aorist middle infinitive","present active participle, accusative plural masculine","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"κείρετε, literally 'shear, cut down' — a harsh, almost violent verb for the suitors stripping Odysseus's estate.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.378","id":"b1-l378","source":"κείρετʼ· ἐγὼ δὲ θεοὺς ἐπιβώσομαι αἰὲν ἐόντας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.143","id":"b2-l143","source":"κείρετʼ· ἐγὼ δὲ θεοὺς ἐπιβώσομαι αἰὲν ἐόντας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.312","id":"b2-l312","source":"ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὡς τὸ πάροιθεν ἐκείρετε πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ"}]},{"lemma":"κείω","count":7,"glosses":["to lie","splitting wood","meaning to lie down","intending to lie down","going to lie down","I will lie down","to lie down"],"forms":["κείων","κειέμεν","κείοντες","κείω","κείουσα"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active infinitive","present active participle, nominative plural masculine","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"κείων here in context of chopping/splitting, a rarer sense of the verb 'to split/cut'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.315","id":"b8-l315","source":"οὐ μέν σφεας ἔτʼ ἔολπα μίνυνθά γε κειέμεν οὕτως"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.425","id":"b14-l425","source":"κόψε δʼ ἀνασχόμενος σχίζῃ δρυός, ἣν λίπε κείων·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.532","id":"b14-l532","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεναι κείων ὅθι περ σύες ἀργιόδοντες"}]},{"lemma":"κεῖμαι","count":90,"glosses":["lay","lies","lie","lying","lie stored","we lay","I lay","he lay","was lying","to lie down","lying, laid out","he lay down","lay down","lies ready","lay stored","it lay","let it lie","lying (there)","I lie","does he lie","lies sunk","lies dead","shall lie dead","they lay","you lay"],"forms":["κεῖται","κεῖτ","κεῖτο","ἔκειτο","κείμενον","κείμην","κείμεθ","κέονται","κείμεν","κέων","κείμενα","κεῖθ","ἐκείμεθα","ἐκείμην","κείμεθα","κείσθω","κείμενος","κέατ","κεῖμαι","κέσκετ","κείσομαι","κείατ","κεῖσο"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter","future active participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"κεῖμαι serves as the perfect/stative passive of τίθημι — 'was lying/stored', common for treasure at rest.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.46","id":"b1-l46","source":"καὶ λίην κεῖνός γε ἐοικότι κεῖται ὀλέθρῳ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.162","id":"b1-l162","source":"κείμενʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου, ἢ εἰν ἁλὶ κῦμα κυλίνδει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.267","id":"b1-l267","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται,"}]},{"lemma":"κεῖνος","count":37,"glosses":["that man","that one","she","that","those things","those lands","than her","that one, he","to those","those two","to those men","on those men","he","those men"],"forms":["κεῖνος","κεῖνός","κείνη","κεῖνα","κείνῳ","κείνης","κείνοισι","κείνω","κείνοις","κείνοισιν","κείνους"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine pronoun","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","nominative dual masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"κεῖνος refers back to the son (Telemachus) just mentioned in the previous line, kept vivid/deictic rather than a plain pronoun","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.46","id":"b1-l46","source":"καὶ λίην κεῖνός γε ἐοικότι κεῖται ὀλέθρῳ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.209","id":"b1-l209","source":"κείνῳ, ἐπεὶ θαμὰ τοῖον ἐμισγόμεθʼ ἀλλήλοισιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.90","id":"b4-l90","source":"ἧος ἐγὼ περὶ κεῖνα πολὺν βίοτον συναγείρων"}]},{"lemma":"κεῖσε","count":2,"glosses":["there"],"forms":["κεῖσέ","κεῖσε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.119","id":"b15-l119","source":"κεῖσέ με νοστήσαντα· τεῒν δʼ ἐθέλω τόδʼ ὀπάσσαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.115","id":"b24-l115","source":"ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε κεῖσε κατήλυθον ὑμέτερον δῶ,"}]},{"lemma":"κειμήλιον","count":12,"glosses":["treasures","a treasure","keepsake","treasures, heirlooms","treasure"],"forms":["κειμήλια","κειμήλιον","κειμήλιά"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κειμήλιον, 'heirloom, treasure' — a prized object kept and passed down, the Homeric ideal of a guest-gift.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.312","id":"b1-l312","source":"τιμῆεν, μάλα καλόν, ὅ τοι κειμήλιον ἔσται"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.75","id":"b2-l75","source":"ὑμέας ἐσθέμεναι κειμήλιά τε πρόβασίν τε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.600","id":"b4-l600","source":"δῶρον δʼ ὅττι κέ μοι δοίης, κειμήλιον ἔστω·"}]},{"lemma":"κειμήλιος","count":2,"glosses":["treasures"],"forms":["κειμήλια"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.40","id":"b10-l40","source":"πολλὰ μὲν ἐκ Τροίης ἄγεται κειμήλια καλὰ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.9","id":"b21-l9","source":"ἔσχατον· ἔνθα δέ οἱ κειμήλια κεῖτο ἄνακτος,"}]},{"lemma":"κεκαφηώς","count":1,"glosses":["gasping"],"forms":["κεκαφηότα"],"morphology":["perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"κεκαφηώς, rare perfect participle 'having gasped out breath,' vivid for near-death exhaustion.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.468","id":"b5-l468","source":"ἐξ ὀλιγηπελίης δαμάσῃ κεκαφηότα θυμόν·"}]},{"lemma":"κελάδω","count":1,"glosses":["singing"],"forms":["κελάδοντ"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.421","id":"b2-l421","source":"ἀκραῆ Ζέφυρον, κελάδοντʼ ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον."}]},{"lemma":"κελαινεφής","count":5,"glosses":["dark-clouded","dark","lord of dark clouds"],"forms":["κελαινεφές","κελαινεφέι","κελαινεφέϊ"],"morphology":["dative singular adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","vocative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"κελαινεφής, 'wrapped in dark clouds,' a standing epithet of Zeus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.552","id":"b9-l552","source":"Ζηνὶ κελαινεφέι Κρονίδῃ, ὃς πᾶσιν ἀνάσσει,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.36","id":"b11-l36","source":"ἐς βόθρον, ῥέε δʼ αἷμα κελαινεφές· αἱ δʼ ἀγέροντο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.153","id":"b11-l153","source":"ἤλυθε καὶ πίεν αἷμα κελαινεφές· αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω,"}]},{"lemma":"κελαινός","count":6,"glosses":["dark"],"forms":["κελαινόν","κελαινὸν"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.98","id":"b11-l98","source":"κουλεῷ ἐγκατέπηξʼ. ὁ δʼ ἐπεὶ πίεν αἷμα κελαινόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.228","id":"b11-l228","source":"αἱ δʼ ἀμφʼ αἷμα κελαινὸν ἀολλέες ἠγερέθοντο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.232","id":"b11-l232","source":"οὐκ εἴων πίνειν ἅμα πάσας αἷμα κελαινόν."}]},{"lemma":"κελαρύζω","count":1,"glosses":["streamed, trickled"],"forms":["κελάρυζεν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.323","id":"b5-l323","source":"πικρήν, ἥ οἱ πολλὴ ἀπὸ κρατὸς κελάρυζεν."}]},{"lemma":"κελεύω","count":89,"glosses":["you bid","I ordered","bids","ordered","urged","bid","order","bade","commanded","commands","bade, ordered","command","she bade","he ordered","I commanded","he had ordered","to urge on","urged him on","was asking","bade/ordered","commanded, ordered","called","bid, command","compels","she urged/commanded","you (pl.) urge","urges","require","ask","urged it","should bid","ordered/bade","ordered/moved him","you ordered","I demanded","urge","I bid","you order","I bade, urged","asked, urged","gave orders","gave the order","would bid","he bade, ordered","you command","you urge","tell him","tells","he bade","I urge","bids, commands","bids, urges","had ordered","bid, press"],"forms":["κελεύεις","κελεύει","ἐκέλευσεν","ἐκέλευον","ἐκέλευσα","ἐκέλευεν","κέλευε","ἐκέλευσε","κέλευσε","κελεύω","κέλευσεν","ἐκέλευε","κελεύοι","κέλευσας","κέλευσέ","κελευσέμεναι","κέλευσαν","κέλευσον","ἐκέλευσ","κελεύετε","ἐκέλευες","κελεύῃς","κέλευέ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","future active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb"],"note":"future infinitive κελευσέμεναι after ἔμελλε 'was destined/about to', epic periphrasis for fate compelling Helen.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.357","id":"b1-l357","source":"ἱστόν τʼ ἠλακάτην τε, καὶ ἀμφιπόλοισι κέλευε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.6","id":"b2-l6","source":"αἶψα δὲ κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.263","id":"b2-l263","source":"καί μʼ ἐν νηὶ κέλευσας ἐπʼ ἠεροειδέα πόντον"}]},{"lemma":"κενεών","count":1,"glosses":["flank"],"forms":["κενεῶνα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.295","id":"b22-l295","source":"δουρὶ μέσον κενεῶνα, διαπρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν·"}]},{"lemma":"κενός","count":3,"glosses":["empty","empty-handed"],"forms":["κενεὰς","κενεόν","κενὰ"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.42","id":"b10-l42","source":"οἴκαδε νισσόμεθα κενεὰς σὺν χεῖρας ἔχοντες·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.214","id":"b15-l214","source":"ἂψ ἰέναι κενεόν· μάλα γὰρ κεχολώσεται ἔμπης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.249","id":"b22-l249","source":"καὶ δή οἱ Μέντωρ μὲν ἔβη κενὰ εὔγματα εἰπών,"}]},{"lemma":"κεράννυμι","count":8,"glosses":["mixed","having mixed","were finished","she mixed"],"forms":["κεράσσατο","κερασσάμενος","κέρασσεν","κεκράαντο","κέρασσε","κεράσασα"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"κεράννυμι here idiomatically 'were finished/worked' — describes the gold rim worked onto the silver basket","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.390","id":"b3-l390","source":"τοῖς δʼ ὁ γέρων ἐλθοῦσιν ἀνὰ κρητῆρα κέρασσεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.393","id":"b3-l393","source":"τοῦ ὁ γέρων κρητῆρα κεράσσατο, πολλὰ δʼ Ἀθήνῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.132","id":"b4-l132","source":"ἀργύρεον, χρυσῷ δʼ ἐπὶ χείλεα κεκράαντο."}]},{"lemma":"κεράω","count":5,"glosses":["mix","were mixing","mixed","they mixed","mixing"],"forms":["κεράασθε","κερόωντό","κερῶντό","κερόωντο","κερῶντάς"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","present active participle, accusative plural masculine"],"note":"κερόωντο, uncontracted/distended imperfect middle form of κεράννυμι, typical epic lengthening for meter.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.332","id":"b3-l332","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε τάμνετε μὲν γλώσσας, κεράασθε δὲ οἶνον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.470","id":"b8-l470","source":"οἱ δʼ ἤδη μοίρας τʼ ἔνεμον κερόωντό τε οἶνον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.500","id":"b15-l500","source":"δεῖπνόν τʼ ἐντύνοντο κερῶντό τε αἴθοπα οἶνον."}]},{"lemma":"κεραίζω","count":1,"glosses":["lay waste"],"forms":["κεραϊζέμεν"],"morphology":["present active infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.516","id":"b8-l516","source":"ἄλλον δʼ ἄλλῃ ἄειδε πόλιν κεραϊζέμεν αἰπήν,"}]},{"lemma":"κεραός","count":1,"glosses":["horned"],"forms":["κεραοὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"a marvel-motif: lambs born already horned, part of the fabled wonders of Libya","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.85","id":"b4-l85","source":"καὶ Λιβύην, ἵνα τʼ ἄρνες ἄφαρ κεραοὶ τελέθουσι."}]},{"lemma":"κεραυνός","count":10,"glosses":["thunderbolt","by the bolt","with thunderbolt","a thunderbolt"],"forms":["κεραυνῷ","κεραυνόν"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.128","id":"b5-l128","source":"Ζεύς, ὅς μιν κατέπεφνε βαλὼν ἀργῆτι κεραυνῷ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.131","id":"b5-l131","source":"οἶον, ἐπεί οἱ νῆα θοὴν ἀργῆτι κεραυνῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.249","id":"b7-l249","source":"οἶον, ἐπεί μοι νῆα θοὴν ἀργῆτι κεραυνῷ"}]},{"lemma":"κερδαλέος","count":4,"glosses":["shrewd","crafty","cunning","clever"],"forms":["κερδαλέον","κερδαλέοισιν","κερδαλέος"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"κερδαλέον 'crafty/shrewd' paired with 'gentle' captures Odysseus's calculated charm.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.148","id":"b6-l148","source":"αὐτίκα μειλίχιον καὶ κερδαλέον φάτο μῦθον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.548","id":"b8-l548","source":"τῷ νῦν μηδὲ σὺ κεῦθε νοήμασι κερδαλέοισιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.291","id":"b13-l291","source":"κερδαλέος κʼ εἴη καὶ ἐπίκλοπος ὅς σε\n                     παρέλθοι"}]},{"lemma":"κερδίων","count":18,"glosses":["better","more profitable","of any use","more profitable, better"],"forms":["κέρδιον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","accusative singular neuter comparative adjective"],"note":"κερδίων, comparative of κερδαλέος-type stem 'profitable, advantageous' — Odysseus weighing practical gain.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.74","id":"b2-l74","source":"τούτους ὀτρύνοντες. ἐμοὶ δέ κε κέρδιον εἴη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.320","id":"b2-l320","source":"γίγνομαι· ὥς νύ που ὔμμιν ἐείσατο κέρδιον εἶναι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.474","id":"b5-l474","source":"ὣς ἄρα οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι·"}]},{"lemma":"κερδοσύνη","count":2,"glosses":["with cunning","cunningly"],"forms":["κερδοσύνῃ","κερδοσύνη"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"κερδοσύνη 'craftiness', a trait Helen credits to Odysseus even in disguise","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.251","id":"b4-l251","source":"καί μιν ἀνηρώτων· ὁ δὲ κερδοσύνῃ ἀλέεινεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.31","id":"b14-l31","source":"ἕζετο κερδοσύνη, σκῆπτρον δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός."}]},{"lemma":"κερκίς","count":1,"glosses":["shuttle"],"forms":["κερκίδ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.62","id":"b5-l62","source":"ἱστὸν ἐποιχομένη χρυσείῃ κερκίδʼ ὕφαινεν."}]},{"lemma":"κερτόμιος","count":3,"glosses":["with taunting words","with taunts","mocking"],"forms":["κερτομίοισι","κερτομίοις"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"κερτόμιος 'taunting, testing' words — Odysseus's characteristic strategy of probing with provocation.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.474","id":"b9-l474","source":"καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼ Κύκλωπα προσηύδων κερτομίοισι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.177","id":"b20-l177","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα προσηύδα κερτομίοισι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.240","id":"b24-l240","source":"πρῶτον κερτομίοις ἐπέεσσιν πειρηθῆναι."}]},{"lemma":"κερτομέω","count":6,"glosses":["mocking","taunted","might taunt","mock"],"forms":["ἐκερτόμεον","κερτομέοι","κερτομέοντες","κερτομέουσαν","κερτομέωσιν","κερτομέων"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative plural masculine","present active participle, accusative singular feminine","present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"Negative purpose clause: μή + optative in secondary sequence, stating what Athena wants to prevent — not a clause of fear (which needs a governing verb of fearing).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.323","id":"b2-l323","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπελώβευον καὶ ἐκερτόμεον ἐπέεσσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.17","id":"b7-l17","source":"κερτομέοι τʼ ἐπέεσσι καὶ ἐξερέοιθʼ ὅτις εἴη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.153","id":"b8-l153","source":"Λαοδάμα, τί με ταῦτα κελεύετε κερτομέοντες;"}]},{"lemma":"κερτομία","count":1,"glosses":["taunts"],"forms":["κερτομίας"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.263","id":"b20-l263","source":"κερτομίας δέ τοι αὐτὸς ἐγὼ καὶ χεῖρας ἀφέξω"}]},{"lemma":"κεύθω","count":11,"glosses":["has hidden","he keeps hidden","enclose","conceal","had kept hidden","you hide","held back","hide it","kept hidden","I will hide","hides"],"forms":["κύθε","κέκευθε","κεκύθωσι","κεῦθε","ἐκεκεύθει","κεύθετε","κεῦθεν","κεύθω","ἔκευθεν","κεύσω","κεύθει"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","future active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κεύθω 'hide/enclose' — subjunctive with ἄν for indefinite time clause","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.16","id":"b3-l16","source":"πατρός, ὅπου κύθε γαῖα καὶ ὅν τινα πότμον ἐπέσπεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.18","id":"b3-l18","source":"εἴδομεν ἥν τινα μῆτιν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κέκευθε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.303","id":"b6-l303","source":"ἥρωος. ἀλλʼ ὁπότʼ ἄν σε δόμοι κεκύθωσι καὶ αὐλή,"}]},{"lemma":"κεῦθος","count":1,"glosses":["depths"],"forms":["κεύθεσι"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.204","id":"b24-l204","source":"ἑσταότʼ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοις, ὑπὸ κεύθεσι γαίης·"}]},{"lemma":"κευθμών","count":2,"glosses":["lairs","hiding-places"],"forms":["κευθμῶνας"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.283","id":"b10-l283","source":"ἔρχαται ὥς τε σύες πυκινοὺς κευθμῶνας ἔχοντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.367","id":"b13-l367","source":"μαιομένη κευθμῶνας ἀνὰ σπέος· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"κεφαλή","count":64,"glosses":["head","heads","his head","on her head","her head","on his head","of its head","her heads","of the skull","of the head","as to heads","with my head","with head","on head"],"forms":["κεφαλῆς","κεφαλήν","κεφαλῇ","κεφαλὰς","κεφαλὴν","κεφαλή","κεφαλάς","κεφαλῇσι","κεφαλῆφι","κεφαλαί"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"Genitive of the part covered, governed by κατά split by tmesis (κὰκ...εἴρυσσε).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.157","id":"b1-l157","source":"ἄγχι σχὼν κεφαλήν, ἵνα μὴ πευθοίαθʼ οἱ ἄλλοι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.208","id":"b1-l208","source":"αἰνῶς μὲν κεφαλήν τε καὶ ὄμματα καλὰ ἔοικας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.343","id":"b1-l343","source":"τοίην γὰρ κεφαλὴν ποθέω μεμνημένη αἰεί,"}]},{"lemma":"Κεφαλλήν","count":4,"glosses":["of the Cephallenians","Cephallenians"],"forms":["Κεφαλλήνων","Κεφαλλήνεσσιν"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun"],"note":"Cephallenians: the wider people under Odysseus' rule, not just Ithaca proper.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.210","id":"b20-l210","source":"εἷσʼ ἔτι τυτθὸν ἐόντα Κεφαλλήνων ἐνὶ δήμῳ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.355","id":"b24-l355","source":"πάντη ἐποτρύνωσι Κεφαλλήνων πολίεσσι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.378","id":"b24-l378","source":"ἀκτὴν ἠπείροιο, Κεφαλλήνεσσιν ἀνάσσων,"}]},{"lemma":"κήδιστος","count":2,"glosses":["dearest"],"forms":["κήδιστοι","κήδιστος"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"superlative κήδιστος, 'most cared-for', from κήδομαι","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.583","id":"b8-l583","source":"κήδιστοι τελέθουσι μεθʼ αἷμά τε καὶ γένος αὐτῶν;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.225","id":"b10-l225","source":"ὅς μοι κήδιστος ἑτάρων ἦν κεδνότατός τε·"}]},{"lemma":"κήδω","count":14,"glosses":["cared for","grieving","troubled","to care for","were to care for","he cared for","you care for","caring","kept troubling"],"forms":["κήδετο","κηδόμενόν","κήδεσθαι","κήδοιτό","κηδόμενοί","κήδοι","κήδεαι","κηδομένη","κηδέσκετο","κήδεσκον"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","present medio-passive infinitive","present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"optative κήδοιτο parallel to ἐθέλοι — sequence of wished-for conditions","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.223","id":"b3-l223","source":"εἴ σʼ οὕτως ἐθέλοι φιλέειν κήδοιτό τε θυμῷ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.240","id":"b3-l240","source":"Μέντορ, μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα κηδόμενοί περ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.215","id":"b7-l215","source":"ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν δορπῆσαι ἐάσατε κηδόμενόν περ·"}]},{"lemma":"κήλεος","count":2,"glosses":["blazing"],"forms":["κηλέῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.435","id":"b8-l435","source":"αἱ δὲ λοετροχόον τρίποδʼ ἵστασαν ἐν πυρὶ κηλέῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.328","id":"b9-l328","source":"ἄκρον, ἄφαρ δὲ λαβὼν ἐπυράκτεον ἐν πυρὶ κηλέῳ."}]},{"lemma":"κήξ","count":1,"glosses":["seagull"],"forms":["κήξ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"κήξ, a rare Homeric bird-name (a diving seabird) used just for this simile.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.479","id":"b15-l479","source":"ἄντλῳ δʼ ἐνδούπησε πεσοῦσʼ ὡς εἰναλίη κήξ."}]},{"lemma":"κήρ","count":32,"glosses":["doom","death","fates","by fate","the fates","fate","dooms","death-spirits","fates/dooms","fate, death","his doom","death spirit","fates of death"],"forms":["κῆρα","κῆρας","κηρὶ","κὴρ","κῆρ","κῆρες"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"κήρ = personified death-spirit, distinct from θάνατος","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.165","id":"b2-l165","source":"ἐγγὺς ἐὼν τοῖσδεσσι φόνον καὶ κῆρα φυτεύει"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.283","id":"b2-l283","source":"οὐδέ τι ἴσασιν θάνατον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.316","id":"b2-l316","source":"πειρήσω, ὥς κʼ ὔμμι κακὰς ἐπὶ κῆρας ἰήλω,"}]},{"lemma":"Κήτειοι","count":1,"glosses":["Ceteians"],"forms":["Κήτειοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"obscure allied people of Eurypylus, mentioned only here in Homer","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.521","id":"b11-l521","source":"Κήτειοι κτείνοντο γυναίων εἵνεκα δώρων."}]},{"lemma":"κῆδος","count":25,"glosses":["sorrows","troubles","griefs","cares, troubles","the cares","cares","cares/griefs","in sorrows","with grief","care, concern","woes"],"forms":["κήδε","κήδεα","κήδεά","κήδεσιν","κῆδος"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.244","id":"b1-l244","source":"οἶον, ἐπεί νύ μοι ἄλλα θεοὶ κακὰ κήδεʼ ἔτευξαν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.108","id":"b4-l108","source":"αὐτῷ κήδεʼ ἔσεσθαι, ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος αἰὲν ἄλαστον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.5","id":"b5-l5","source":"τοῖσι δʼ Ἀθηναίη λέγε κήδεα πόλλʼ Ὀδυσῆος"}]},{"lemma":"κῆπος","count":4,"glosses":["garden","the garden"],"forms":["κῆπον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.737","id":"b4-l737","source":"καί μοι κῆπον ἔχει πολυδένδρεον, ὄφρα τάχιστα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.129","id":"b7-l129","source":"ἐν δὲ δύω κρῆναι ἡ μέν τʼ ἀνὰ κῆπον ἅπαντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.247","id":"b24-l247","source":"οὐκ ὄγχνη, οὐ πρασιή τοι ἄνευ κομιδῆς κατὰ κῆπον."}]},{"lemma":"κῆρ","count":36,"glosses":["heart","at heart","in heart","spirit"],"forms":["κῆρ","κῆρι"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κῆρ, poetic word for 'heart' (distinct from κήρ 'death spirit'), used for inner feeling.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.310","id":"b1-l310","source":"ὄφρα λοεσσάμενός τε τεταρπόμενός τε φίλον κῆρ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.341","id":"b1-l341","source":"λυγρῆς, ἥ τέ μοι αἰεὶ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον κῆρ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.259","id":"b4-l259","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλαι Τρῳαὶ λίγʼ ἐκώκυον· αὐτὰρ ἐμὸν κῆρ"}]},{"lemma":"κῆρυξ","count":46,"glosses":["herald","heralds","the herald","a herald","of the heralds"],"forms":["κῆρυξ","κήρυκα","κήρυκες","κηρύκεσσι","κήρυχ","κηρύκων","κήρυκι","κήρυκά"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"ἐκ...ἄγε is tmesis: 'led out,' the preverb ἐκ separated from ἄγε by δὲ ξείνους.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.109","id":"b1-l109","source":"κήρυκες δʼ αὐτοῖσι καὶ ὀτρηροὶ θεράποντες"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.143","id":"b1-l143","source":"κῆρυξ δʼ αὐτοῖσιν θάμʼ ἐπῴχετο οἰνοχοεύων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.146","id":"b1-l146","source":"τοῖσι δὲ κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν,"}]},{"lemma":"κῆτος","count":5,"glosses":["sea-monster","monster","of the monster","monsters"],"forms":["κῆτος","κήτεϊ","κήτεος","κήτεσιν"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.443","id":"b4-l443","source":"τίς γάρ κʼ εἰναλίῳ παρὰ κήτεϊ κοιμηθείη;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.446","id":"b4-l446","source":"ἡδὺ μάλα πνείουσαν, ὄλεσσε δὲ κήτεος ὀδμήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.452","id":"b4-l452","source":"ἐν δʼ ἡμέας πρώτους λέγε κήτεσιν, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ"}]},{"lemma":"κηκίω","count":1,"glosses":["gushed"],"forms":["κήκιε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.455","id":"b5-l455","source":"ᾤδεε δὲ χρόα πάντα, θάλασσα δὲ κήκιε πολλὴ"}]},{"lemma":"κηληθμός","count":2,"glosses":["spellbound","by the spell"],"forms":["κηληθμῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"κηληθμός 'enchantment' - instrumental dative describing the Phaeacians' trance, held spellbound by the tale Odysseus himself has just finished telling (Books 9-12), not the bard's.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.334","id":"b11-l334","source":"κηληθμῷ δʼ ἔσχοντο κατὰ μέγαρα σκιόεντα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.2","id":"b13-l2","source":"κηληθμῷ δʼ ἔσχοντο κατὰ μέγαρα σκιόεντα."}]},{"lemma":"κηρόθι","count":7,"glosses":["at heart","in heart","in her heart","in his heart"],"forms":["κηρόθι"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"κηρόθι, an -θι locative adverb from κῆρ 'heart'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.284","id":"b5-l284","source":"πόντον ἐπιπλώων. ὁ δʼ ἐχώσατο κηρόθι μᾶλλον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.480","id":"b9-l480","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα χολώσατο κηρόθι\n                     μᾶλλον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.208","id":"b11-l208","source":"ἔπτατʼ. ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος ὀξὺ γενέσκετο κηρόθι μᾶλλον,"}]},{"lemma":"κηρός","count":4,"glosses":["wax","of wax","the wax"],"forms":["κηρὸν","κηροῖο","κηρός"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.48","id":"b12-l48","source":"κηρὸν δεψήσας μελιηδέα, μή τις ἀκούσῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.173","id":"b12-l173","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κηροῖο μέγαν τροχὸν ὀξέι χαλκῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.175","id":"b12-l175","source":"αἶψα δʼ ἰαίνετο κηρός, ἐπεὶ κέλετο μεγάλη ἲς"}]},{"lemma":"κηρύσσω","count":2,"glosses":["to summon","made the summons"],"forms":["κηρύσσειν","ἐκήρυσσον"],"morphology":["present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.7","id":"b2-l7","source":"κηρύσσειν ἀγορήνδε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.8","id":"b2-l8","source":"οἱ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον, τοὶ δʼ ἠγείροντο μάλʼ ὦκα."}]},{"lemma":"κητώεις","count":1,"glosses":["full of ravines"],"forms":["κητώεσσαν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"κητώεις is a fixed Homeric epithet for Lacedaemon, of disputed sense ('hollow'/'full of chasms').","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.1","id":"b4-l1","source":"οἱ δʼ ἷξον κοίλην Λακεδαίμονα κητώεσσαν,"}]},{"lemma":"κηώεις","count":1,"glosses":["fragrant"],"forms":["κηώεντα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"κηώεντα, 'fragrant/perfumed', describing the store-room stocked with spices and cloth.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.99","id":"b15-l99","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ ἐς θάλαμον κατεβήσετο κηώεντα,"}]},{"lemma":"κίθαρις","count":3,"glosses":["lyre","the lyre"],"forms":["κίθαρις","κίθαριν"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.153","id":"b1-l153","source":"κῆρυξ δʼ ἐν χερσὶν κίθαριν περικαλλέα θῆκεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.159","id":"b1-l159","source":"τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.248","id":"b8-l248","source":"αἰεὶ δʼ ἡμῖν δαίς τε φίλη κίθαρις τε χοροί τε"}]},{"lemma":"Κίκονες","count":7,"glosses":["to the Cicones","Cicones","the Cicones","of the Cicones","of the Kikones","Kikones"],"forms":["Κικόνεσσι","Κίκονες","Κικόνων","Κίκονας"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":"Κίκονες...Κικόνεσσι, subject and object using the same name, stresses neighbor calling neighbor.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.39","id":"b9-l39","source":"Ἰλιόθεν με φέρων ἄνεμος Κικόνεσσι πέλασσεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.47","id":"b9-l47","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ οἰχόμενοι Κίκονες Κικόνεσσι γεγώνευν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.59","id":"b9-l59","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ Κίκονες κλῖναν δαμάσαντες Ἀχαιούς."}]},{"lemma":"κίνυμαι","count":1,"glosses":["stirring"],"forms":["κινυμένων"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.556","id":"b10-l556","source":"κινυμένων δʼ ἑτάρων ὅμαδον καὶ δοῦπον ἀκούσας"}]},{"lemma":"Κίρκη","count":46,"glosses":["Circe","Circe's","of Circe","at Circe"],"forms":["Κίρκη","Κίρκης","Κίρκῃ","Κίρκην"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","vocative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Object of ἄκουον despite genitive case — Greek genitive of the person heard, common with verbs of perception.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.448","id":"b8-l448","source":"ποικίλον, ὅν ποτέ μιν δέδαε φρεσὶ πότνια Κίρκη·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.31","id":"b9-l31","source":"ὣς δʼ αὔτως Κίρκη κατερήτυεν ἐν μεγάροισιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.136","id":"b10-l136","source":"Κίρκη ἐυπλόκαμος, δεινὴ θεὸς αὐδήεσσα,"}]},{"lemma":"κίρκος","count":2,"glosses":["falcon","a hawk"],"forms":["κίρκος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"κίρκος restates/specifies ἴρηξ from prior line, an epic apposition pattern","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.87","id":"b13-l87","source":"κίρκος ὁμαρτήσειεν, ἐλαφρότατος πετεηνῶν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.526","id":"b15-l526","source":"κίρκος, Ἀπόλλωνος ταχὺς ἄγγελος· ἐν δὲ πόδεσσι"}]},{"lemma":"κίστη","count":1,"glosses":["chest"],"forms":["κίστῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.76","id":"b6-l76","source":"μήτηρ δʼ ἐν κίστῃ ἐτίθει μενοεικέʼ ἐδωδὴν"}]},{"lemma":"κίχλη","count":1,"glosses":["thrushes"],"forms":["κίχλαι"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.468","id":"b22-l468","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἢ κίχλαι τανυσίπτεροι ἠὲ πέλειαι"}]},{"lemma":"κίω","count":60,"glosses":["going","went","go","came","coming","might go","they went","you may go","should go","as I walked","walking, going","as I went","having gone","went, walked","might set out","as I came","leaving"],"forms":["κιὼν","κίον","κίε","κίεν","κιόντι","κιόντες","κιόντα","κιούσῃ","κίοι","κιών","κίῃς","κίοιτε","κί","ἔκιε","κιοίτην","κιόντας","κιόντε"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, dative singular masculine","aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","present active participle, dative singular feminine","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","aorist active participle, vocative plural masculine","present active optative, 2nd plural verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd dual verb","aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine","aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine"],"note":"Subjunctive κίῃς after ὄφρα expresses purpose ('so that you may go') — a standard Homeric purpose clause with subjunctive.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.311","id":"b1-l311","source":"δῶρον ἔχων ἐπὶ νῆα κίῃς, χαίρων ἐνὶ θυμῷ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.372","id":"b1-l372","source":"ἠῶθεν δʼ ἀγορήνδε καθεζώμεσθα κιόντες"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.260","id":"b2-l260","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἀπάνευθε κιὼν ἐπὶ θῖνα θαλάσσης,"}]},{"lemma":"κίων","count":12,"glosses":["pillar","pillars","a pillar"],"forms":["κίονα","κίον","κίονας","κίονι","κίονες","κίονος","κίων"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"κίονα is feminine in Homer though the noun looks masculine-declined; note for learners expecting κίων=masc.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.53","id":"b1-l53","source":"πάσης βένθεα οἶδεν, ἔχει δέ τε κίονας αὐτὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.127","id":"b1-l127","source":"ἔγχος μέν ῥʼ ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα μακρὴν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.307","id":"b6-l307","source":"κίονι κεκλιμένη· δμωαὶ δέ οἱ εἵατʼ ὄπισθεν."}]},{"lemma":"κῖκυς","count":1,"glosses":["vigor, might"],"forms":["κῖκυς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.393","id":"b11-l393","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ οἱ ἔτʼ ἦν ἲς ἔμπεδος οὐδέ τι κῖκυς,"}]},{"lemma":"κικλήσκω","count":5,"glosses":["they call","is called","called","calls"],"forms":["κικλήσκουσι","κικλήσκεται","κίκλησκον","κικλήσκει"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.355","id":"b4-l355","source":"Αἰγύπτου προπάροιθε, Φάρον δέ ἑ κικλήσκουσι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.366","id":"b9-l366","source":"Οὖτις ἐμοί γʼ ὄνομα· Οὖτιν δέ με κικλήσκουσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.403","id":"b15-l403","source":"νῆσός τις Συρίη κικλήσκεται, εἴ που ἀκούεις,"}]},{"lemma":"Κιμμέριοι","count":1,"glosses":["Cimmerian"],"forms":["Κιμμερίων"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.14","id":"b11-l14","source":"ἔνθα δὲ Κιμμερίων ἀνδρῶν δῆμός τε πόλις τε,"}]},{"lemma":"κινέω","count":9,"glosses":["shaking","he shook","to move","nudging","shook","having stirred"],"forms":["κινήσας","κίνησε","κινῆσαι"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive"],"note":"κινήσας + κάρη 'shaking his head' is a stock gesture of anger/decision in Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.285","id":"b5-l285","source":"κινήσας δὲ κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.376","id":"b5-l376","source":"κινήσας δὲ κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.298","id":"b8-l298","source":"οὐδέ τι κινῆσαι μελέων ἦν οὐδʼ ἀναεῖραι."}]},{"lemma":"κιρνάω","count":6,"glosses":["mixed","mixing"],"forms":["ἐκίρνα","κίρνη","κιρνὰς"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"Greeks diluted wine with water; κιρνάς names that specific act, not just 'pouring.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.182","id":"b7-l182","source":"ὣς φάτο, Ποντόνοος δὲ μελίφρονα οἶνον ἐκίρνα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.356","id":"b10-l356","source":"ἡ δὲ τρίτη κρητῆρι μελίφρονα οἶνον ἐκίρνα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.53","id":"b13-l53","source":"ὣς φάτο, Ποντόνοος δὲ μελίφρονα οἶνον ἐκίρνα,"}]},{"lemma":"κισσύβιον","count":3,"glosses":["ivy-wood bowl","a bowl"],"forms":["κισσυβίῳ","κισσύβιον"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κισσύβιον, 'ivy-wood cup' — a rustic herdsman's vessel, marking Eumaeus's humble household.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.346","id":"b9-l346","source":"κισσύβιον μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων μέλανος οἴνοιο·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.78","id":"b14-l78","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄρα κισσυβίῳ κίρνη μελιηδέα οἶνον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.52","id":"b16-l52","source":"ἐν δʼ ἄρα κισσυβίῳ κίρνη μελιηδέα οἶνον·"}]},{"lemma":"κιχάνω","count":20,"glosses":["found","overtook","you will find","you will reach","catches","reaching","catch up with","I found","seize","I meet","shall I find","finding","I find","to overtake","caught up with","may find","you had found"],"forms":["κιχήσεαι","κιχήσατο","κιχάνω","ἔκιχεν","κιχάνει","κιχανόμενοι","κιχήσεσθαι","ἐκίχανον","κίχῃσι","κιχήσομαι","κιχὼν","ἐκίχανεν","κιχῆναι","ἐκίχημεν","ἐκίχαν","κιχείη","ἐκίχεις"],"morphology":["future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","future middle infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"future middle, epic form κιχήσεαι for κιχήσῃ — 2nd sg with uncontracted -εαι ending","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.169","id":"b3-l169","source":"ἐν Λέσβῳ δʼ ἔκιχεν δολιχὸν πλόον ὁρμαίνοντας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.546","id":"b4-l546","source":"ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.51","id":"b6-l51","source":"πατρὶ φίλῳ καὶ μητρί· κιχήσατο δʼ ἔνδον ἐόντας·"}]},{"lemma":"κλάζω","count":3,"glosses":["shrieking","yelping"],"forms":["κεκληγῶτας","κεκληγὼς","κεκλήγοντες"],"morphology":["perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine","perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"perfect participle κεκληγώς gives the wind an ongoing, animal-like shriek","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.256","id":"b12-l256","source":"αὐτοῦ δʼ εἰνὶ θύρῃσι κατήσθιε κεκληγῶτας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.408","id":"b12-l408","source":"κεκληγὼς Ζέφυρος μεγάλῃ σὺν λαίλαπι θύων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.30","id":"b14-l30","source":"οἱ μὲν κεκλήγοντες ἐπέδραμον· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"κλάω","count":1,"glosses":["broke off"],"forms":["κλάσε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.128","id":"b6-l128","source":"ἐκ πυκινῆς δʼ ὕλης πτόρθον κλάσε χειρὶ παχείῃ"}]},{"lemma":"κλαγγή","count":2,"glosses":["clamor"],"forms":["κλαγγὴ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.605","id":"b11-l605","source":"ἀμφὶ δέ μιν κλαγγὴ νεκύων ἦν οἰωνῶν ὥς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.412","id":"b14-l412","source":"κλαγγὴ δʼ ἄσπετος ὦρτο συῶν αὐλιζομενάων"}]},{"lemma":"κλαίω","count":45,"glosses":["weeping","wept","they wept","she wept","I wept","weep","to weep","weeps","would have wept","was weeping","you weep","he wept","we wept","wailed, mourned"],"forms":["κλαῖε","κλαῖον","κλαῖεν","κλαίουσα","κλαίειν","κλαίοντες","κλαίων","κλαίοντας","κλαιούσης","κλαῦσεν","κλαῖ","κλαίῃσι","κλαίεις","ἔκλαιον","κλαιόντεσσι","κλαίῃ","κλαίετον","κλαίουσ","κλαίομεν","κλαῦσε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, nominative singular feminine","present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, accusative plural masculine","present active participle, genitive singular feminine","present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active participle, dative plural masculine","present active imperative, 2nd dual verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":"Imperfect κλαῖεν marks weeping as ongoing action, not a single burst.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.363","id":"b1-l363","source":"κλαῖεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα φίλον πόσιν, ὄφρα οἱ ὕπνον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.376","id":"b2-l376","source":"ὡς ἂν μὴ κλαίουσα κατὰ χρόα καλὸν ἰάπτῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.261","id":"b3-l261","source":"κλαῦσεν Ἀχαιιάδων· μάλα γὰρ μέγα μήσατο ἔργον."}]},{"lemma":"κλαυθμός","count":6,"glosses":["weeping"],"forms":["κλαυθμοῖο","κλαυθμοῦ","κλαυθμὸν"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.212","id":"b4-l212","source":"ἡμεῖς δὲ κλαυθμὸν μὲν ἐάσομεν, ὃς πρὶν ἐτύχθη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.801","id":"b4-l801","source":"παύσειε κλαυθμοῖο γόοιό τε δακρυόεντος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.8","id":"b17-l8","source":"κλαυθμοῦ τε στυγεροῖο γόοιό τε δακρυόεντος,"}]},{"lemma":"κλέος","count":35,"glosses":["fame","glory","fame, glory","glorious deeds","fame/news","renown","news","rumor"],"forms":["κλέος","κλέα"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"κλέος, 'fame' — the central heroic value at stake: a proper death would have won lasting glory.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.95","id":"b1-l95","source":"ἠδʼ ἵνα μιν κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ἔχῃσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.240","id":"b1-l240","source":"ἠδέ κε καὶ ᾧ παιδὶ μέγα κλέος ἤρατʼ ὀπίσσω."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.283","id":"b1-l283","source":"ἐκ Διός, ἥ τε μάλιστα φέρει κλέος ἀνθρώποισι."}]},{"lemma":"κλέω","count":1,"glosses":["am famed"],"forms":["κλέομαι"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.299","id":"b13-l299","source":"μήτι τε κλέομαι καὶ κέρδεσιν· οὐδὲ σύ γʼ ἔγνως"}]},{"lemma":"κλείς","count":21,"glosses":["oarlocks","the oarlocks","key","the bolt","of the door-bolt","bolt","thole-pins","oar-locks","oar-pins","oarlocks, thole-pins","clasps","by the key","with a bar"],"forms":["κληῖσι","κληῗσιν","κληῗσι","κληῗδ","κληῖδ","κληῖδος","κληῖδα","κληῖσιν","κληίδεσσιν","κληΐδι","κληῗδι"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"κληΐς, lit. 'bolt/pin', here the thole-pins where oars sat — a nautical technical term.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.442","id":"b1-l442","source":"ἀργυρέῃ, ἐπὶ δὲ κληῖδʼ ἐτάνυσσεν ἱμάντι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.419","id":"b2-l419","source":"ἂν δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βάντες ἐπὶ κληῖσι καθῖζον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.579","id":"b4-l579","source":"ἂν δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βάντες ἐπὶ κληῖσι καθῖζον·"}]},{"lemma":"κλείω","count":9,"glosses":["to lock","closed","make famous","proclaim","she barred","to close","bolted, locked"],"forms":["κλήϊσεν","κληῗσαι","κλείουσιν","κλείω","ἐκλήϊσεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb"],"note":"κλείουσιν 'make famous/celebrate' — the verb behind κλέος (fame), the central epic value word.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.338","id":"b1-l338","source":"ἔργʼ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, τά τε κλείουσιν ἀοιδοί·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.418","id":"b17-l418","source":"σίτου· ἐγὼ δέ κέ σε κλείω κατʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.30","id":"b19-l30","source":"κλήϊσεν δὲ θύρας μεγάρων εὖ ναιεταόντων."}]},{"lemma":"Κλεῖτος","count":2,"glosses":["Cleitus"],"forms":["Κλεῖτόν","Κλεῖτον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.249","id":"b15-l249","source":"Μάντιος αὖ τέκετο Πολυφείδεά τε Κλεῖτόν τε·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.250","id":"b15-l250","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι Κλεῖτον χρυσόθρονος ἥρπασεν Ἠὼς"}]},{"lemma":"κλειστός","count":1,"glosses":["close-fitted"],"forms":["κληισταὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.344","id":"b2-l344","source":"κληισταὶ δʼ ἔπεσαν σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι,"}]},{"lemma":"κλειτός","count":1,"glosses":["famous"],"forms":["κλειτοὺς"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.54","id":"b6-l54","source":"ἐρχομένῳ ξύμβλητο μετὰ κλειτοὺς βασιλῆας"}]},{"lemma":"κλεπτοσύνη","count":1,"glosses":["in thievery"],"forms":["κλεπτοσύνῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"κλεπτοσύνη 'thievery/craftiness' — Autolycus's famous trait, a rare abstract noun highlighting his trickster fame.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.396","id":"b19-l396","source":"κλεπτοσύνῃ θʼ ὅρκῳ τε· θεὸς δέ οἱ αὐτὸς ἔδωκεν"}]},{"lemma":"κλήθρα","count":2,"glosses":["alder"],"forms":["κλήθρη"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.64","id":"b5-l64","source":"κλήθρη τʼ αἴγειρός τε καὶ εὐώδης κυπάρισσος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.239","id":"b5-l239","source":"κλήθρη τʼ αἴγειρός τʼ, ἐλάτη τʼ ἦν οὐρανομήκης,"}]},{"lemma":"κλῆρος","count":5,"glosses":["by lot","lots","lot","a plot of land","the shares, lots"],"forms":["κλήρους","κλήρῳ","κλῆρος","κλῆρόν"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.331","id":"b9-l331","source":"αὐτὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους κλήρῳ πεπαλάσθαι ἄνωγον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.206","id":"b10-l206","source":"κλήρους δʼ ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλομεν ὦκα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.207","id":"b10-l207","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἔθορε κλῆρος μεγαλήτορος Εὐρυλόχοιο."}]},{"lemma":"κληδών","count":3,"glosses":["word/news","at the omen","omen"],"forms":["κλεηδόνι","κληηδόνα"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"κληδών, a chance utterance taken as a good sign - folk-belief detail","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.317","id":"b4-l317","source":"ἤλυθον, εἴ τινά μοι κληηδόνα πατρὸς ἐνίσποις."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.117","id":"b18-l117","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, χαῖρεν δὲ κλεηδόνι δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.120","id":"b20-l120","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, χαῖρεν δὲ κλεηδόνι δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"κλητός","count":1,"glosses":["invited"],"forms":["κλητοί"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.386","id":"b17-l386","source":"οὗτοι γὰρ κλητοί γε βροτῶν ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν·"}]},{"lemma":"κλίνω","count":15,"glosses":["leaning","to lie","they leaned","lie sloping","routed","fallen","sloping","reclining","tipped over","leaning it","was bent, slumped","leaned"],"forms":["κεκλιμένη","κλιθῆναι","κλίνας","ἔκλιναν","κεκλίαται","κλῖναν","κεκλιμένων","κλινάμενος","ἐκλίθη","ἐκλίνθη","ἔκλιν"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist passive infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","perfect medio-passive participle, genitive plural neuter","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Perfect κεκλίαται, 'lie leaning/sloping' — stative perfect describing the islands' fixed geography.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.366","id":"b1-l366","source":"πάντες δʼ ἠρήσαντο παραὶ λεχέεσσι κλιθῆναι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.42","id":"b4-l42","source":"ἅρματα δʼ ἔκλιναν πρὸς ἐνώπια παμφανόωντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.608","id":"b4-l608","source":"αἵ θʼ ἁλὶ κεκλίαται· Ἰθάκη δέ τε καὶ περὶ πασέων."}]},{"lemma":"κλίσιον","count":1,"glosses":["a shed"],"forms":["κλίσιον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.208","id":"b24-l208","source":"ἔνθα οἱ οἶκος ἔην, περὶ δὲ κλίσιον θέε πάντη,"}]},{"lemma":"κλῖμαξ","count":4,"glosses":["stairway","the ladder","ladder"],"forms":["κλίμακα"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.330","id":"b1-l330","source":"κλίμακα δʼ ὑψηλὴν κατεβήσετο οἷο δόμοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.558","id":"b10-l558","source":"ἄψορρον καταβῆναι ἰὼν ἐς κλίμακα μακρήν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.63","id":"b11-l63","source":"ἄψορρον καταβῆναι ἰὼν ἐς κλίμακα μακρήν,"}]},{"lemma":"κλιντήρ","count":1,"glosses":["couch"],"forms":["κλιντῆρι"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.190","id":"b18-l190","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ κλιντῆρι· τέως δʼ ἄρα δῖα θεάων"}]},{"lemma":"κλισία","count":13,"glosses":["hut","the hut","chair","the huts, tents","huts","hut's","of the hut"],"forms":["κλισίῃ","κλισίην","κλισίης","κλισίας","κλισίῃσι"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.123","id":"b4-l123","source":"τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἅμʼ Ἀδρήστη κλισίην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.255","id":"b4-l255","source":"πρίν γε τὸν ἐς νῆάς τε θοὰς κλισίας τʼ ἀφικέσθαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.501","id":"b8-l501","source":"βάντες ἀπέπλειον, πῦρ ἐν κλισίῃσι βαλόντες,"}]},{"lemma":"κλισίηνδε","count":2,"glosses":["to the hut"],"forms":["κλισίηνδ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"directional suffix -δε on κλισίηνδε, 'to/toward the hut', common Homeric motion-formation","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.45","id":"b14-l45","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπεο, κλισίηνδʼ ἴομεν, γέρον, ὄφρα καὶ αὐτός,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.48","id":"b14-l48","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν κλισίηνδʼ ἡγήσατο δῖος ὑφορβός,"}]},{"lemma":"κλισμός","count":12,"glosses":["couches","chairs","seat","seats","chair","on a chair"],"forms":["κλισμούς","κλισμῷ","κλισμὸν","κλισμοῖσι"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.132","id":"b1-l132","source":"πὰρ δʼ αὐτὸς κλισμὸν θέτο ποικίλον, ἔκτοθεν ἄλλων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.145","id":"b1-l145","source":"ἑξείης ἕζοντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.389","id":"b3-l389","source":"ἑξείης ἕζοντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε·"}]},{"lemma":"κλιτύς","count":1,"glosses":["slope"],"forms":["κλιτὺν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.470","id":"b5-l470","source":"εἰ δέ κεν ἐς κλιτὺν ἀναβὰς καὶ δάσκιον ὕλην"}]},{"lemma":"κλόπιος","count":1,"glosses":["thievish"],"forms":["κλοπίων"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.295","id":"b13-l295","source":"μύθων τε κλοπίων, οἵ τοι πεδόθεν φίλοι εἰσίν."}]},{"lemma":"κλύδων","count":1,"glosses":["the surge/wave"],"forms":["κλύδων"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.421","id":"b12-l421","source":"λῦσε κλύδων τρόπιος, τὴν δὲ ψιλὴν φέρε κῦμα,"}]},{"lemma":"κλύζω","count":2,"glosses":["surged, was churned","surged up"],"forms":["ἐκλύσθη"],"morphology":["aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.484","id":"b9-l484","source":"ἐκλύσθη δὲ θάλασσα κατερχομένης ὑπὸ πέτρης·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.541","id":"b9-l541","source":"ἐκλύσθη δὲ θάλασσα κατερχομένης ὑπὸ πέτρης·"}]},{"lemma":"Κλύμενος","count":1,"glosses":["of Clymenus"],"forms":["Κλυμένοιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.452","id":"b3-l452","source":"Νέστορος, Εὐρυδίκη, πρέσβα Κλυμένοιο θυγατρῶν."}]},{"lemma":"Κλύτιος","count":1,"glosses":["of Clytius"],"forms":["Κλυτίοιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"genitive with house understood: 'to (the house) of Clytius'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.327","id":"b16-l327","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἐς Κλυτίοιο φέρον περικαλλέα δῶρα."}]},{"lemma":"κλύω","count":54,"glosses":["hear","heard","hear!","listened","listen","hear me","has he heard","have I heard","he heard","heard, listened to","have heard","they know","they heard","hear, listen"],"forms":["κέκλυτε","κέκλυτέ","ἔκλυεν","κλύον","ἔκλυον","ἔκλυε","κλῦθί","κλῦθι","κλῦτε","ἔκλυες","κλῦτέ","κέκλυθι"],"morphology":["aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"κέκλυτε, an old imperative form of κλύω, opens formal public speeches in Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.25","id":"b2-l25","source":"κέκλυτε δὴ νῦν μευ, Ἰθακήσιοι, ὅττι κεν\n                     εἴπω·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.30","id":"b2-l30","source":"ἠέ τινʼ ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ ἔκλυεν ἐρχομένοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.42","id":"b2-l42","source":"οὔτε τινʼ ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ ἔκλυον ἐρχομένοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"Κλυμένη","count":1,"glosses":["Clymene"],"forms":["Κλυμένην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.326","id":"b11-l326","source":"Μαῖράν τε Κλυμένην τε ἴδον στυγερήν τʼ\n                     Ἐριφύλην,"}]},{"lemma":"Κλυταιμνήστρη","count":3,"glosses":["Clytemnestra"],"forms":["Κλυταιμνήστρη"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.266","id":"b3-l266","source":"δῖα Κλυταιμνήστρη· φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητʼ ἀγαθῇσι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.422","id":"b11-l422","source":"Κασσάνδρης, τὴν κτεῖνε Κλυταιμνήστρη δολόμητις"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.439","id":"b11-l439","source":"σοὶ δὲ Κλυταιμνήστρη δόλον ἤρτυε τηλόθʼ ἐόντι."}]},{"lemma":"Κλυτίδης","count":1,"glosses":["son of Clytius"],"forms":["Κλυτίδη"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":"patronymic in -ίδης, a formulaic way to identify a minor hero by his father","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.540","id":"b15-l540","source":"Πείραιε Κλυτίδη, σὺ δέ μοι τά περ ἄλλα μάλιστα"}]},{"lemma":"Κλυτόνηος","count":2,"glosses":["Clytoneus"],"forms":["Κλυτόνηος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.119","id":"b8-l119","source":"Λαοδάμας θʼ Ἅλιός τε καὶ ἀντίθεος Κλυτόνηος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.123","id":"b8-l123","source":"τῶν δὲ θέειν ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἔην Κλυτόνηος ἀμύμων·"}]},{"lemma":"κλυτός","count":29,"glosses":["famous","glorious","splendid","fine","splendid, famous","glorious, famed"],"forms":["κλυτὸν","κλυτὰ","κλυτὸς","κλυτά","κλυτόν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"κλυτός is a stock epithet applied to gods; here to Amphitrite, sea-goddess","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.300","id":"b1-l300","source":"Αἴγισθον δολόμητιν, ὅ οἱ πατέρα κλυτὸν ἔκτα;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.198","id":"b3-l198","source":"Αἴγισθον δολόμητιν, ὅ οἱ πατέρα κλυτὸν ἔκτα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.308","id":"b3-l308","source":"Αἴγισθον δολόμητιν, ὅ οἱ πατέρα κλυτὸν ἔκτα."}]},{"lemma":"κλυτότοξος","count":2,"glosses":["famed for his bow","famed for the bow"],"forms":["κλυτότοξος","κλυτοτόξῳ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"κλυτότοξος, an epithet of Apollo, ties this curse to the god known for striking people down with arrows (plague/death).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.494","id":"b17-l494","source":"αἴθʼ οὕτως αὐτόν σε βάλοι κλυτότοξος Ἀπόλλων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.267","id":"b21-l267","source":"ὄφρʼ ἐπὶ μηρία θέντες Ἀπόλλωνι κλυτοτόξῳ"}]},{"lemma":"κλυτοεργός","count":1,"glosses":["famous craftsman"],"forms":["κλυτοεργὸν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"compound epithet κλυτοεργός, 'famed for his work'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.345","id":"b8-l345","source":"Ἥφαιστον κλυτοεργὸν ὅπως λύσειεν Ἄρηα."}]},{"lemma":"κλυτοτέχνης","count":1,"glosses":["famed craftsman"],"forms":["κλυτοτέχνην"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"epithet κλυτοτέχνης, 'famous for his craft', standard epithet of Hephaestus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.286","id":"b8-l286","source":"ὡς ἴδεν Ἥφαιστον κλυτοτέχνην νόσφι κιόντα·"}]},{"lemma":"Κλῶθες","count":1,"glosses":["the Spinners"],"forms":["κλῶθές"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"Κλῶθες, epithet-name of the Fates as spinners of destiny thread — same root as κλώθω 'to spin'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.197","id":"b7-l197","source":"πείσεται, ἅσσα οἱ αἶσα κατὰ κλῶθές τε βαρεῖαι"}]},{"lemma":"κνέφας","count":9,"glosses":["darkness","of dusk"],"forms":["κνέφας","κνέφαος"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.329","id":"b3-l329","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἠέλιος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας\n                  ἦλθε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.225","id":"b5-l225","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἠέλιος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας\n                  ἦλθεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.168","id":"b9-l168","source":"ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος κατέδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθε,"}]},{"lemma":"κνήμη","count":3,"glosses":["calves","leg","his shins"],"forms":["κνήμας","κνήμη","κνήμῃσι"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.135","id":"b8-l135","source":"μηρούς τε κνήμας τε καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρας ὕπερθεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.469","id":"b19-l469","source":"ἐν δὲ λέβητι πέσε κνήμη, κανάχησε δὲ χαλκός,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.228","id":"b24-l228","source":"ῥαπτὸν ἀεικέλιον, περὶ δὲ κνήμῃσι βοείας"}]},{"lemma":"κνημίς","count":1,"glosses":["leggings"],"forms":["κνημῖδας"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.229","id":"b24-l229","source":"κνημῖδας ῥαπτὰς δέδετο, γραπτῦς ἀλεείνων,"}]},{"lemma":"κνημός","count":2,"glosses":["mountain spurs","mountain slopes"],"forms":["κνημοὺς"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.337","id":"b4-l337","source":"κνημοὺς ἐξερέῃσι καὶ ἄγκεα ποιήεντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.128","id":"b17-l128","source":"κνημοὺς ἐξερέῃσι καὶ ἄγκεα ποιήεντα"}]},{"lemma":"κνῖσα","count":7,"glosses":["of fat","fat","in fat","of roasting fat","savor of fat","with fat"],"forms":["κνίσης","κνίσῃ","κνίση"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"κνίση 'fat/savor,' the part of sacrifice believed to rise to the gods as fragrant smoke.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.457","id":"b3-l457","source":"πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.360","id":"b12-l360","source":"μηρούς τʼ ἐξέταμον κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.369","id":"b12-l369","source":"καὶ τότε με κνίσης ἀμφήλυθεν ἡδὺς ἀυτμή."}]},{"lemma":"κνισήεις","count":1,"glosses":["savory"],"forms":["κνισῆεν"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"κνισήεις 'reeking with roasting-fat smell' — a vivid Homeric sensory epithet for feasting.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.10","id":"b10-l10","source":"κνισῆεν δέ τε δῶμα περιστεναχίζεται αὐλῇ"}]},{"lemma":"κνυζηθμός","count":1,"glosses":["whimpering"],"forms":["κνυζηθμῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.163","id":"b16-l163","source":"κνυζηθμῷ δʼ ἑτέρωσε διὰ σταθμοῖο φόβηθεν."}]},{"lemma":"κνυζόω","count":2,"glosses":["I will dim","dimmed"],"forms":["κνυζώσω","κνύζωσεν"],"morphology":["future active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κνυζόω 'to dim, make bleary' — rare verb, only used of eyes losing their luster.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.401","id":"b13-l401","source":"κνυζώσω δέ τοι ὄσσε πάρος περικαλλέʼ ἐόντε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.433","id":"b13-l433","source":"κνύζωσεν δέ οἱ ὄσσε πάρος περικαλλέʼ ἐόντε·"}]},{"lemma":"κνώδαλον","count":1,"glosses":["wild beast"],"forms":["κνώδαλον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.317","id":"b17-l317","source":"κνώδαλον, ὅττι δίοιτο· καὶ ἴχνεσι γὰρ περιῄδη·"}]},{"lemma":"κνώσσω","count":1,"glosses":["slumbering"],"forms":["κνώσσουσ"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.809","id":"b4-l809","source":"ἡδὺ μάλα κνώσσουσʼ ἐν ὀνειρείῃσι πύλῃσιν·"}]},{"lemma":"Κνωσός","count":1,"glosses":["Knossos"],"forms":["Κνωσός"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.178","id":"b19-l178","source":"τῇσι δʼ ἐνὶ Κνωσός, μεγάλη πόλις, ἔνθα τε Μίνως"}]},{"lemma":"κόλλοψ","count":1,"glosses":["peg"],"forms":["κόλλοπι"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.407","id":"b21-l407","source":"ῥηϊδίως ἐτάνυσσε νέῳ περὶ κόλλοπι χορδήν,"}]},{"lemma":"κόλπος","count":3,"glosses":["gulf","gulfs","her dress"],"forms":["κόλπον","κόλπους","κόλπῳ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.435","id":"b4-l435","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ ἥ γʼ ὑποδῦσα θαλάσσης εὐρέα\n                     κόλπον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.52","id":"b5-l52","source":"ὅς τε κατὰ δεινοὺς κόλπους ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.469","id":"b15-l469","source":"ἡ δʼ αἶψα τρίʼ ἄλεισα κατακρύψασʼ ὑπὸ κόλπῳ"}]},{"lemma":"κόμη","count":4,"glosses":["hair","locks","the crown"],"forms":["κόμην","κόμας"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":"κόμην: literally 'hair/foliage,' the leafy top of the tree","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.198","id":"b4-l198","source":"κείρασθαί τε κόμην βαλέειν τʼ ἀπὸ δάκρυ παρειῶν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.231","id":"b6-l231","source":"οὔλας ἧκε κόμας, ὑακινθίνῳ ἄνθει ὁμοίας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.158","id":"b23-l158","source":"οὔλας ἧκε κόμας, ὑακινθίνῳ ἄνθει ὁμοίας."}]},{"lemma":"κόμπος","count":1,"glosses":["din"],"forms":["κόμπος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.380","id":"b8-l380","source":"ἑστεῶτες κατʼ ἀγῶνα, πολὺς δʼ ὑπὸ κόμπος ὀρώρει."}]},{"lemma":"κόναβος","count":1,"glosses":["din"],"forms":["κόναβος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.122","id":"b10-l122","source":"βάλλον· ἄφαρ δὲ κακὸς κόναβος κατὰ νῆας ὀρώρει"}]},{"lemma":"κόνις","count":2,"glosses":["dust"],"forms":["κόνι","κόνιν"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.191","id":"b11-l191","source":"ἐν κόνι ἄγχι πυρός, κακὰ δὲ χροῒ εἵματα εἷται·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.316","id":"b24-l316","source":"ἀμφοτέρῃσι δὲ χερσὶν ἑλὼν κόνιν αἰθαλόεσσαν"}]},{"lemma":"κόπρος","count":4,"glosses":["dung","farmyard, dung-yard"],"forms":["κόπρῳ","κόπρον"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.329","id":"b9-l329","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκα κατακρύψας ὑπὸ κόπρῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.411","id":"b10-l411","source":"ἐλθούσας ἐς κόπρον, ἐπὴν βοτάνης κορέσωνται,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.297","id":"b17-l297","source":"ἐν πολλῇ κόπρῳ, ἥ οἱ προπάροιθε θυράων"}]},{"lemma":"κόπτω","count":8,"glosses":["striking","forged","he dashed, smashed","I cut","struck","having struck","hacked off"],"forms":["κόπτε","κόπτοντες","κόπτ","ἔκοψα","κόψε","κόπτων","κεκοπὼς","κόπτον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"κόπτω here is the brutal act of dashing the men against the ground","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.274","id":"b8-l274","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔθετʼ ἀκμοθέτῳ μέγαν ἄκμονα, κόπτε δὲ δεσμοὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.528","id":"b8-l528","source":"κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον ἠδὲ καὶ ὤμους"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.290","id":"b9-l290","source":"κόπτʼ· ἐκ δʼ ἐγκέφαλος χαμάδις ῥέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν."}]},{"lemma":"κόραξ","count":1,"glosses":["of the Raven"],"forms":["Κόρακος"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"Κόρακος πέτρῃ, ‘Raven's Rock’ — a local Ithacan landmark tied to the swineherd's steading.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.408","id":"b13-l408","source":"πὰρ Κόρακος πέτρῃ ἐπί τε κρήνῃ Ἀρεθούσῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"κόρη","count":68,"glosses":["daughter","girl","daughters","the girl","to the daughter","the daughter","maiden","of the girl","girls","of young women","among girls","to daughter","a girl","on the daughter","for the girls","to the maiden"],"forms":["κούρη","κούρῃ","κούρην","κοῦραι","κούρης","κούρῃσιν","κούρας","κουράων","κούρῃς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","vocative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun","vocative plural feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":"Διὸς...κούρῃ is the standard epic formula 'daughter of Zeus' (Athena), matching the published translation; 'maiden' loses the genealogical sense","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.329","id":"b1-l329","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.296","id":"b2-l296","source":"ὣς φάτʼ Ἀθηναίη κούρη Διός· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.433","id":"b2-l433","source":"ἐκ πάντων δὲ μάλιστα Διὸς γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ."}]},{"lemma":"κόρος","count":14,"glosses":["young men","of the young men","satiety/surfeit","the young men"],"forms":["κοῦροι","κούρω","κούρων","κόρος"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","vocative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","nominative dual masculine noun","vocative dual masculine noun"],"note":"Vocative address to the suitors opening Penelope's quoted speech within Antinous's speech.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.148","id":"b1-l148","source":"κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.96","id":"b2-l96","source":"κοῦροι ἐμοὶ μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ θάνε δῖος\n                        Ὀδυσσεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.103","id":"b4-l103","source":"παύομαι· αἰψηρὸς δὲ κόρος κρυεροῖο γόοιο."}]},{"lemma":"κόρυς","count":2,"glosses":["helmets","helmet"],"forms":["κόρυθάς","κόρυθος"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.32","id":"b19-l32","source":"ἐσφόρεον κόρυθάς τε καὶ ἀσπίδας ὀμφαλοέσσας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.523","id":"b24-l523","source":"καὶ βάλεν Εὐπείθεα κόρυθος διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου."}]},{"lemma":"κόσμος","count":7,"glosses":["order","propriety","order, fitting way","building, design","in order","good order","decent order"],"forms":["κόσμον","κόσμῳ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"κατὰ κόσμον, formulaic phrase for 'fittingly, properly'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.138","id":"b3-l138","source":"μάψ, ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον, ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.179","id":"b8-l179","source":"εἰπὼν οὐ κατὰ κόσμον. ἐγὼ δʼ οὐ νῆις ἀέθλων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.489","id":"b8-l489","source":"λίην γὰρ κατὰ κόσμον Ἀχαιῶν οἶτον ἀείδεις,"}]},{"lemma":"κότος","count":2,"glosses":["anger","grudge"],"forms":["κότον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.102","id":"b11-l102","source":"λήσειν ἐννοσίγαιον, ὅ τοι κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.342","id":"b13-l342","source":"πατροκασιγνήτῳ, ὅς τοι κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"κοίρανος","count":1,"glosses":["lord"],"forms":["κοίρανος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.106","id":"b18-l106","source":"μηδὲ σύ γε ξείνων καὶ πτωχῶν κοίρανος εἶναι"}]},{"lemma":"κοίτη","count":1,"glosses":["bed"],"forms":["κοίτῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.341","id":"b19-l341","source":"πολλὰς γὰρ δὴ νύκτας ἀεικελίῳ ἐνὶ κοίτῃ"}]},{"lemma":"κοῖλος","count":30,"glosses":["hollow","hollow, low-lying"],"forms":["κοίλης","κοῖλον","κοίλῃς","κοίλην","κοίλῃ","κοίλοιο","κοίλη","κοίλας"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective","dative plural feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","genitive singular neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.211","id":"b1-l211","source":"Ἀργείων οἱ ἄριστοι ἔβαν κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσίν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.18","id":"b2-l18","source":"Ἴλιον εἰς ἐύπωλον ἔβη κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσίν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.27","id":"b2-l27","source":"ἐξ οὗ Ὀδυσσεὺς δῖος ἔβη κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσί."}]},{"lemma":"κοῖτος","count":10,"glosses":["of sleep","bed","of rest","a bed","of bed","sleep","resting place"],"forms":["κοίτου","κοίτοιο","κοῖτος","κοῖτον"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"grim irony: κοῖτος 'bed/roost' is really their death","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.358","id":"b2-l358","source":"μήτηρ εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβῇ κοίτου τε μέδηται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.334","id":"b3-l334","source":"σπείσαντες κοίτοιο μεδώμεθα· τοῖο γὰρ ὥρη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.138","id":"b7-l138","source":"ᾧ πυμάτῳ σπένδεσκον, ὅτε μνησαίατο κοίτου."}]},{"lemma":"κοιμάω","count":27,"glosses":["slept","lay down to sleep","we lay down to sleep","to sleep","having laid to sleep","put to bed, lodged","having lain down","lies down to sleep","would lie down","was sleeping","to lie down","we slept","lulled to rest","lulled","he used to sleep","they lay down to sleep","once he had lain down","lying down together"],"forms":["κοιμήσαντο","κοιμήθημεν","κοιμηθῆναι","κοίμησε","κοιμήσασα","κοιμηθέντες","κοιμᾶται","κοιμηθείη","κοιμᾶτ","κοιμήσατε","κοιμήσατο","κοιμᾶθ","κοιμηθέντι","κοιμηθέντε"],"morphology":["aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist passive infinitive","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive participle, dative singular masculine","aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine"],"note":"κοιμάω aorist passive κοιμήθημεν — passive form but meaning simply 'we slept', common in Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.397","id":"b3-l397","source":"τὸν δʼ αὐτοῦ κοίμησε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.295","id":"b4-l295","source":"ὕπνῳ ὕπο γλυκερῷ ταρπώμεθα κοιμηθέντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.302","id":"b4-l302","source":"οἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐν προδόμῳ δόμου αὐτόθι κοιμήσαντο,"}]},{"lemma":"κοιρανέω","count":6,"glosses":["lord it over","lord it, rule","have been lording it","hold sway","rule, hold sway"],"forms":["κοιρανέουσιν","κοιρανέουσι"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.247","id":"b1-l247","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσσοι κραναὴν Ἰθάκην κάτα κοιρανέουσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.377","id":"b13-l377","source":"οἳ δή τοι τρίετες μέγαρον κάτα κοιρανέουσι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.510","id":"b15-l510","source":"ἀνδρῶν οἳ κραναὴν Ἰθάκην κάτα κοιρανέουσιν;"}]},{"lemma":"κολεόν","count":3,"glosses":["scabbard","in sheath","sheath"],"forms":["κολεὸν","κολεῷ","κουλεῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.404","id":"b8-l404","source":"ἀργυρέη, κολεὸν δὲ νεοπρίστου ἐλέφαντος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.333","id":"b10-l333","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ κολεῷ μὲν ἄορ θέο, νῶι δʼ ἔπειτα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.98","id":"b11-l98","source":"κουλεῷ ἐγκατέπηξʼ. ὁ δʼ ἐπεὶ πίεν αἷμα κελαινόν,"}]},{"lemma":"κολλητός","count":4,"glosses":["joined","well-joined","jointed"],"forms":["κολλητῇσιν","κολλητοῖσιν","κολλητὰς"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.117","id":"b17-l117","source":"ἵπποισι προὔπεμψε καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.137","id":"b21-l137","source":"κλίνας κολλητῇσιν ἐϋξέστῃς σανίδεσσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.164","id":"b21-l164","source":"κλίνας κολλητῇσιν ἐϋξέστῃς σανίδεσσιν,"}]},{"lemma":"κολούω","count":2,"glosses":["cuts down","cut short"],"forms":["κολούει","κολούετε"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"κολούω 'dock, curtail' — imperative telling them not to skimp on the gifts owed a needy guest.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.211","id":"b8-l211","source":"δήμῳ ἐν ἀλλοδαπῷ· ἕο δʼ αὐτοῦ πάντα κολούει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.340","id":"b11-l340","source":"οὕτω χρηίζοντι κολούετε· πολλὰ γὰρ ὑμῖν"}]},{"lemma":"κομάω","count":4,"glosses":["long-haired"],"forms":["κομόωντας","κομόωντες"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative plural masculine","present active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"κάρη κομόωντας, literally 'flowing-haired as to the head' — a fixed Homeric formula for the Achaeans, marking them as a warrior people.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.90","id":"b1-l90","source":"εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσαντα κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.7","id":"b2-l7","source":"κηρύσσειν ἀγορήνδε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.408","id":"b2-l408","source":"εὗρον ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ θινὶ κάρη κομόωντας ἑταίρους."}]},{"lemma":"κομέω","count":7,"glosses":["to tend","cared for","keep, tend","care for, tend","used to tend","tended"],"forms":["κομέειν","κομέεσκεν","ἐκόμει","κομέουσιν","κομέουσι"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active infinitive","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"iterative -σκ- imperfect κομέεσκεν, epic marker for a repeated, habitual past action.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.207","id":"b6-l207","source":"τὸν νῦν χρὴ κομέειν· πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.250","id":"b11-l250","source":"ἀθανάτων· σὺ δὲ τοὺς κομέειν ἀτιταλλέμεναί τε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.450","id":"b12-l450","source":"ἥ μʼ ἐφίλει τʼ ἐκόμει τε. τί τοι τάδε μυθολογεύω;"}]},{"lemma":"κομίζω","count":17,"glosses":["keep","attend to","she has taken in","being tended","to help","care for","to carry","took in, received","will take 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ἰοῦσα τὰ σʼ αὐτῆς ἔργα κόμιζε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.278","id":"b6-l278","source":"ἦ τινά που πλαγχθέντα κομίσσατο ἧς ἀπὸ νηὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.451","id":"b8-l451","source":"θερμὰ λοέτρʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι κομιζόμενός γε θάμιζεν,"}]},{"lemma":"κομιδή","count":6,"glosses":["care","provisioning","care, tending","of care"],"forms":["κομιδὴ","κομιδῆς","κομιδή"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"κομιδή 'care, tending' — key word repeated through the passage, contrasting orchard-care with self-neglect.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.232","id":"b8-l232","source":"κύμασιν ἐν πολλοῖς, ἐπεὶ οὐ κομιδὴ κατὰ νῆα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.453","id":"b8-l453","source":"τόφρα δέ οἱ κομιδή γε θεῷ ὣς ἔμπεδος ἦεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.124","id":"b14-l124","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄλλως κομιδῆς κεχρημένοι ἄνδρες ἀλῆται"}]},{"lemma":"κοναβέω","count":1,"glosses":["rang, resounded"],"forms":["κονάβησε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.542","id":"b17-l542","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβησε· γέλασσε δὲ Πηνελόπεια,"}]},{"lemma":"κοναβίζω","count":1,"glosses":["rang, echoed"],"forms":["κονάβιζε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.399","id":"b10-l399","source":"σμερδαλέον κονάβιζε· θεὰ δʼ ἐλέαιρε καὶ αὐτή."}]},{"lemma":"κονέω","count":1,"glosses":["raising dust"],"forms":["κονίοντες"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.122","id":"b8-l122","source":"καρπαλίμως ἐπέτοντο κονίοντες πεδίοιο·"}]},{"lemma":"κονία","count":10,"glosses":["dust","ashes","with the dust","of dust"],"forms":["κονίῃσι","κονίῃσιν","κονίη","κονίης"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"sitting in the ashes of the hearth is the classic Homeric gesture of a suppliant's humility before the household.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.153","id":"b7-l153","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐπʼ ἐσχάρῃ ἐν κονίῃσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.160","id":"b7-l160","source":"ξεῖνον μὲν χαμαὶ ἧσθαι ἐπʼ ἐσχάρῃ ἐν κονίῃσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.163","id":"b10-l163","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔπεσʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μακών, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔπτατο θυμός."}]},{"lemma":"κοντός","count":1,"glosses":["pole"],"forms":["κοντὸν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.487","id":"b9-l487","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ χείρεσσι λαβὼν περιμήκεα κοντὸν"}]},{"lemma":"κοπρίζω","count":1,"glosses":["to dung"],"forms":["κοπρήσοντες"],"morphology":["future active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"κοπρίζω 'to manure/fertilize' — a future participle of purpose, a rustic detail unusual in epic diction.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.299","id":"b17-l299","source":"δμῶες Ὀδυσσῆος τέμενος μέγα κοπρήσοντες·"}]},{"lemma":"κορέννυμι","count":10,"glosses":["had my fill","we have satisfied","have had their fill","might glut","having satisfied","sated","well filled","had her fill","had our fill"],"forms":["κορέσθην","κεκορήμεθα","κορέσωνται","ἐκορέσθην","κορεσαίατο","κορεσσάμενος","κεκορημένοι","κεκορηότε","κορέσσατο","κεκορήμεθ"],"morphology":["aorist passive indicative, 1st singular verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κορέσθην, aorist passive 'was sated' — dual-looking form but glossed as 1st sg here","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.541","id":"b4-l541","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κλαίων τε κυλινδόμενός τε κορέσθην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.98","id":"b8-l98","source":"ἤδη μὲν δαιτὸς κεκορήμεθα θυμὸν ἐίσης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.411","id":"b10-l411","source":"ἐλθούσας ἐς κόπρον, ἐπὴν βοτάνης κορέσωνται,"}]},{"lemma":"κορέω","count":1,"glosses":["sweep"],"forms":["κορήσατε"],"morphology":["aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.149","id":"b20-l149","source":"ἀγρεῖθʼ, αἱ μὲν δῶμα κορήσατε ποιπνύσασαι,"}]},{"lemma":"κορμός","count":1,"glosses":["trunk"],"forms":["κορμὸν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.196","id":"b23-l196","source":"κορμὸν δʼ ἐκ ῥίζης προταμὼν ἀμφέξεσα χαλκῷ"}]},{"lemma":"κορύσσω","count":3,"glosses":["arming","armed","tipped with bronze"],"forms":["κορυσσόμενος","κεκορυθμένος","κεκορυθμένα"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter"],"note":"κορυσσόμενος 'donning armor' — middle participle, picturing Odysseus foolishly trying to fight.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.121","id":"b12-l121","source":"ἢν γὰρ δηθύνῃσθα κορυσσόμενος παρὰ πέτρῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.434","id":"b21-l434","source":"πὰρ θρόνον ἑστήκει κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.125","id":"b22-l125","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμα δοῦρε δύω κεκορυθμένα χαλκῷ."}]},{"lemma":"κορυφή","count":6,"glosses":["peak","peaks"],"forms":["κορυφὴν","κορυφῆς","κορυφὰς","κορυφήν","κορυφῇ"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.147","id":"b2-l147","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐκ κορυφῆς ὄρεος προέηκε πέτεσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.121","id":"b9-l121","source":"ἄλγεα πάσχουσιν κορυφὰς ὀρέων ἐφέποντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.481","id":"b9-l481","source":"ἧκε δʼ ἀπορρήξας κορυφὴν ὄρεος μεγάλοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"κορώνη","count":8,"glosses":["to sea-crows","curved tip","by the handle","crows","door-handle","handle"],"forms":["κορώνῃ","κορώνῃσιν","κορῶναι","κορώνη","κορώνης"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"κορώνη literally 'curved thing' names the door-ring/handle, a vivid concrete detail typical of Homeric household description.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.441","id":"b1-l441","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐκ θαλάμοιο, θύρην δʼ ἐπέρυσσε κορώνῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.66","id":"b5-l66","source":"σκῶπές τʼ ἴρηκές τε τανύγλωσσοί τε κορῶναι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.90","id":"b7-l90","source":"ἀργύρεον δʼ ἐφʼ ὑπερθύριον, χρυσέη δὲ κορώνη."}]},{"lemma":"κορωνίς","count":2,"glosses":["curved"],"forms":["κορωνίσιν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun"],"note":"κορωνίς 'curved/beaked', a stock epithet describing ships' prows.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.182","id":"b19-l182","source":"ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν ἐν νήεσσι κορωνίσιν Ἴλιον ἴσω"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.193","id":"b19-l193","source":"οἰχομένῳ σὺν νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν Ἴλιον εἴσω."}]},{"lemma":"κοσμέω","count":2,"glosses":["prepared","having been arranged"],"forms":["ἐκόσμει","κοσμηθέντες"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"aorist passive participle, 'organized/divided into groups'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.13","id":"b7-l13","source":"ἥ οἱ πῦρ ἀνέκαιε καὶ εἴσω δόρπον ἐκόσμει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.157","id":"b9-l157","source":"εἱλόμεθʼ ἐκ νηῶν, διὰ δὲ τρίχα κοσμηθέντες"}]},{"lemma":"κοσμήτωρ","count":1,"glosses":["marshal"],"forms":["κοσμήτορι"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"κοσμήτωρ λαῶν, formulaic epithet for a leader of the people (here Telemachus)","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.152","id":"b18-l152","source":"ἂψ δʼ ἐν χερσὶν ἔθηκε δέπας κοσμήτορι λαῶν."}]},{"lemma":"κοσμητός","count":1,"glosses":["well-ordered"],"forms":["κοσμηταὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.127","id":"b7-l127","source":"ἔνθα δὲ κοσμηταὶ πρασιαὶ παρὰ νείατον ὄρχον"}]},{"lemma":"κοτέω","count":6,"glosses":["growing angry","she is angered","angered, enraged","spiteful","raging"],"forms":["κεκοτηότι","κοτέσσεται","κοτεσσάμενος","κοτεσσαμένη"],"morphology":["perfect active participle, dative singular masculine","aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"aorist participle κοτεσσάμενος 'having taken offense' sets up the following subjunctive of fear","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.101","id":"b1-l101","source":"ἡρώων, τοῖσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.147","id":"b5-l147","source":"μή πώς τοι μετόπισθε κοτεσσάμενος χαλεπήνῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.501","id":"b9-l501","source":"ἀλλά μιν ἄψορρον προσέφην κεκοτηότι θυμῷ·"}]},{"lemma":"κοτύλη","count":2,"glosses":["a cup"],"forms":["κοτύλην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.312","id":"b15-l312","source":"πλάγξομαι, αἴ κέν τις κοτύλην καὶ πύρνον ὀρέξῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.12","id":"b17-l12","source":"πύρνον καὶ κοτύλην· ἐμὲ δʼ οὔ πως ἔστιν ἅπαντας"}]},{"lemma":"κοτυληδών","count":1,"glosses":["suckers"],"forms":["κοτυληδονόφιν"],"morphology":["dative plural noun"],"note":"κοτυληδονόφιν, rare instrumental/dative plural form in -φιν, archaic epic case ending","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.433","id":"b5-l433","source":"πρὸς κοτυληδονόφιν πυκιναὶ λάιγγες ἔχονται,"}]},{"lemma":"κοῦρος","count":10,"glosses":["young men","youths","to the young men","the young men","son"],"forms":["κοῦροι","κούροισιν","κούρω","κοῦρον"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","vocative plural masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","nominative dual masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Dual κούρω again, as at l35 — a formulaic residue: the noun stays dual even though δύω καὶ πεντήκοντα makes clear all fifty-two are meant, not two leaders singled out from the rest.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.339","id":"b3-l339","source":"κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.100","id":"b7-l100","source":"χρύσειοι δʼ ἄρα κοῦροι ἐυδμήτων ἐπὶ βωμῶν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.328","id":"b7-l328","source":"νῆες ἐμαὶ καὶ κοῦροι ἀναρρίπτειν ἅλα πηδῷ."}]},{"lemma":"κοῦφος","count":1,"glosses":["more lightly"],"forms":["κουφότερον"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"comparative adverb from κοῦφος 'light' — his heart is now lighter after the insult was answered","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.201","id":"b8-l201","source":"καὶ τότε κουφότερον μετεφώνεε Φαιήκεσσιν·"}]},{"lemma":"κουρίδιος","count":11,"glosses":["wedded","bridal","wedded, lawful"],"forms":["κουρίδιον","κουριδίοιο","κουριδίῳ","κουριδίας","κουριδίῃ","κουριδίης","κουριδίου"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"κουρίδιος 'lawfully wedded' underscores the horror: she killed her own rightful husband.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.430","id":"b11-l430","source":"κουριδίῳ τεύξασα πόσει φόνον. ἦ τοι ἔφην γε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.45","id":"b13-l45","source":"κουριδίας καὶ τέκνα· θεοὶ δʼ ἀρετὴν ὀπάσειαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.245","id":"b14-l245","source":"κουριδίῃ τʼ ἀλόχῳ καὶ κτήμασιν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα"}]},{"lemma":"κουρίζω","count":1,"glosses":["as a youth"],"forms":["κουρίζων"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"κουρίζων 'being a youth/playing the boy' — participle describing Laertes when he once carried this now-disused shield.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.185","id":"b22-l185","source":"Λαέρτεω ἥρωος, ὃ κουρίζων φορέεσκε·"}]},{"lemma":"κουρίξ","count":1,"glosses":["by the hair"],"forms":["κουρίξ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"κουρίξ 'by the hair' is a rare, vivid adverb used almost only here in Homer to intensify the violence of the seizure.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.188","id":"b22-l188","source":"κουρίξ, ἐν δαπέδῳ δὲ χαμαὶ βάλον ἀχνύμενον κῆρ,"}]},{"lemma":"κουρότερος","count":1,"glosses":["younger"],"forms":["κουροτέροισιν"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"comparative κουρότερος 'younger' — Antinous condescendingly reminds the old beggar of his age","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.310","id":"b21-l310","source":"πῖνέ τε, μηδʼ ἐρίδαινε μετʼ ἀνδράσι κουροτέροισιν."}]},{"lemma":"κουρότροφος","count":1,"glosses":["nurse of youths"],"forms":["κουροτρόφος"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"κουροτρόφος, 'rearer of young men' — praise-epithet for a harsh but character-forming homeland.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.27","id":"b9-l27","source":"τρηχεῖʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀγαθὴ κουροτρόφος· οὔ τοι ἐγώ γε"}]},{"lemma":"κράνεια","count":1,"glosses":["of cornel"],"forms":["κρανείης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"κρανείης: cornel-cherry, wild fodder — pig food, marking their bestial diet.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.242","id":"b10-l242","source":"πάρ ῥʼ ἄκυλον βάλανόν τε βάλεν καρπόν τε κρανείης"}]},{"lemma":"κράς","count":13,"glosses":["head","his head","the head","with my head","the top","my head"],"forms":["κρατὸς","κρατὶ","κρᾶτα","κρατός","κρῆθεν","κράατι"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular noun","dative singular neuter noun"],"note":"Epic form κρᾶτα (from κάρα), an alternate accusative for 'head.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.323","id":"b5-l323","source":"πικρήν, ἥ οἱ πολλὴ ἀπὸ κρατὸς κελάρυζεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.92","id":"b8-l92","source":"ἂψ Ὀδυσεὺς κατὰ κρᾶτα καλυψάμενος γοάασκεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.140","id":"b9-l140","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὶ κρατὸς λιμένος ῥέει ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ,"}]},{"lemma":"Κράταιις","count":1,"glosses":["Crataeis"],"forms":["Κράταιιν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Κράταιις, Scylla's mother — a minor deity named only here in the poem.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.124","id":"b12-l124","source":"ἀλλὰ μάλα σφοδρῶς ἐλάαν, βωστρεῖν δὲ Κράταιιν,"}]},{"lemma":"κράτιστος","count":1,"glosses":["best"],"forms":["κάρτιστον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.120","id":"b12-l120","source":"οὐδέ τις ἔστʼ ἀλκή· φυγέειν κάρτιστον ἀπʼ αὐτῆς."}]},{"lemma":"κράτος","count":7,"glosses":["strength","authority","power","victory, mastery"],"forms":["κράτος"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κράτος 'power/mastery' — Telemachus's closing claim of household rule, the line's whole point.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.70","id":"b1-l70","source":"ἀντίθεον Πολύφημον, ὅου κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.359","id":"b1-l359","source":"πᾶσι, μάλιστα δʼ ἐμοί· τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἔστʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.4","id":"b5-l4","source":"Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, οὗ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον."}]},{"lemma":"κραδάω","count":1,"glosses":["brandishing"],"forms":["κραδάων"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.438","id":"b19-l438","source":"ἤϊεν ἄγχι κυνῶν, κραδάων δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος."}]},{"lemma":"κραδίας","count":2,"glosses":["heart"],"forms":["κραδίην"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.274","id":"b18-l274","source":"ἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.286","id":"b20-l286","source":"δύη ἄχος κραδίην Λαερτιάδην Ὀδυσῆα."}]},{"lemma":"κραίνω","count":8,"glosses":["are finished","accomplish","to accomplish","rule","fulfill!","bring to pass","grant"],"forms":["κρηήνατ","κεκράανται","κραίνουσι","κρῆναί","κρῆνον"],"morphology":["aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"κεκράανται, perfect passive of κραίνω 'accomplish/finish' — describes craftsmanship completed and lasting.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.418","id":"b3-l418","source":"καρπαλίμως μοι, τέκνα φίλα, κρηήνατʼ ἐέλδωρ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.616","id":"b4-l616","source":"ἔστιν ἅπας, χρυσῷ δʼ ἐπὶ χείλεα κεκράανται,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.170","id":"b5-l170","source":"οἵ μευ φέρτεροί εἰσι νοῆσαί τε κρῆναί τε."}]},{"lemma":"κραιπνός","count":5,"glosses":["swift","swiftly","nimble"],"forms":["κραιπνὸν","κραιπναί","κραιπνῶς","κραιπνοῖσι","κραιπνὰ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","adverb","dative plural masculine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.385","id":"b5-l385","source":"ὦρσε δʼ ἐπὶ κραιπνὸν Βορέην, πρὸ δὲ κύματʼ ἔαξεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.171","id":"b6-l171","source":"τόφρα δέ μʼ αἰεὶ κῦμʼ ἐφόρει κραιπναί τε θύελλαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.247","id":"b8-l247","source":"ἀλλὰ ποσὶ κραιπνῶς θέομεν καὶ νηυσὶν ἄριστοι,"}]},{"lemma":"κραναός","count":4,"glosses":["rugged"],"forms":["κραναὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"Standard Homeric epithet for rocky Ithaca.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.247","id":"b1-l247","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσσοι κραναὴν Ἰθάκην κάτα κοιρανέουσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.510","id":"b15-l510","source":"ἀνδρῶν οἳ κραναὴν Ἰθάκην κάτα κοιρανέουσιν;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.124","id":"b16-l124","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσσοι κραναὴν Ἰθάκην κάτα κοιρανέουσι,"}]},{"lemma":"κραταίπεδος","count":1,"glosses":["hard-packed"],"forms":["κραταίπεδον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.46","id":"b23-l46","source":"ἑσταόθʼ· οἱ δέ μιν ἀμφί, κραταίπεδον οὖδας ἔχοντες,"}]},{"lemma":"κραταιίς","count":1,"glosses":["its weight"],"forms":["κραταιίς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"κραταιίς, a rare personified noun for brute 'force/weight'; poetic subject of ἀποστρέψασκε","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.597","id":"b11-l597","source":"ἄκρον ὑπερβαλέειν, τότʼ ἀποστρέψασκε κραταιίς·"}]},{"lemma":"κραταιός","count":2,"glosses":["mighty","strong"],"forms":["κραταιώ","κραταιός"],"morphology":["accusative dual masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.242","id":"b15-l242","source":"γείνατο δʼ Ἀντιφάτην καὶ Μάντιον, υἷε κραταιώ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.382","id":"b18-l382","source":"καί πού τις δοκέεις μέγας ἔμμεναι ἠδὲ κραταιός,"}]},{"lemma":"κρατέω","count":6,"glosses":["hold sway","hold power","you rule","rule over"],"forms":["κρατέουσιν","κρατέεις","κρατέουσι"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"κρατέεις, uncontracted Ionic epic form of κρατεῖς — the open vowels fill the meter.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.485","id":"b11-l485","source":"Ἀργεῖοι, νῦν αὖτε μέγα κρατέεις νεκύεσσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.275","id":"b13-l275","source":"ἢ εἰς Ἤλιδα δῖαν, ὅθι κρατέουσιν Ἐπειοί."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.274","id":"b15-l274","source":"Ἄργος ἀνʼ ἱππόβοτον, μέγα δὲ κρατέουσιν Ἀχαιῶν."}]},{"lemma":"κρατερός","count":31,"glosses":["mighty","strong","harsh","of a mighty","mightily","harsh, bitter","strong, harsh","heavy","fierce","harder","grievous","bitter"],"forms":["κρατέρ","κρατερὸς","κρατεροῖο","κρατερὸν","κρατερῶς","κρατερῆφι","κρατερῇσι","κρατεροῖσι","κρατεροῦ","κρατερὴ","κρατερὼ","κρατερώ","κρατερῇ","κρατερώτερον","κρατερῆς"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","dative plural feminine adjective","adverb","nominative singular neuter adjective","nominative dual masculine 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αὐτή,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.218","id":"b10-l218","source":"ὣς τοὺς ἀμφὶ λύκοι κρατερώνυχες ἠδὲ λέοντες"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.30","id":"b21-l30","source":"ἵππους δʼ αὐτὸς ἔχε κρατερώνυχας ἐν μεγάροισι."}]},{"lemma":"κρατήρ","count":27,"glosses":["mixing-bowls","mixing-bowl","a mixing-bowl","mixing bowl","bowls","wine-bowl","in the bowl","the mixing-bowl","the bowl","the mixing bowl","a bowl","in mixing-bowls"],"forms":["κρητῆρα","κρητῆρας","κρητῆρι","κρητῆρος","κρητῆρσι","κρητῆρές","κρητῆρσιν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"κρατήρ, the mixing-bowl at the feast where wine and water were blended","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.110","id":"b1-l110","source":"οἱ μὲν οἶνον ἔμισγον ἐνὶ κρητῆρσι καὶ ὕδωρ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.148","id":"b1-l148","source":"κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.330","id":"b2-l330","source":"ἐν δὲ βάλῃ κρητῆρι καὶ ἡμέας πάντας ὀλέσσῃ."}]},{"lemma":"κρατύς","count":2,"glosses":["strong","mighty"],"forms":["κρατὺς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"κρατύς, an archaic epic adjective for physical might, paired again with Hermes's epithet.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.49","id":"b5-l49","source":"τὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων πέτετο κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.148","id":"b5-l148","source":"ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης·"}]},{"lemma":"κρέα","count":2,"glosses":["meat"],"forms":["κρέα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.468","id":"b10-l468","source":"ἥμεθα δαινύμενοι κρέα τʼ ἄσπετα καὶ μέθυ ἡδύ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.477","id":"b10-l477","source":"ἥμεθα, δαινύμενοι κρέα τʼ ἄσπετα καὶ μέθυ ἡδύ·"}]},{"lemma":"κρέας","count":34,"glosses":["meat","of meat","of meats","flesh","with meats","flesh, meat","the meat","meats"],"forms":["κρέα","κρειῶν","κρέ","κρέας","κρεῶν"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","genitive plural neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun"],"note":"κρέα (here elided κρέ᾽), neuter plural of κρέας, the meat from the sacrifice","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.112","id":"b1-l112","source":"νίζον καὶ πρότιθεν, τοὶ δὲ κρέα πολλὰ δατεῦντο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.141","id":"b1-l141","source":"δαιτρὸς δὲ κρειῶν πίνακας παρέθηκεν ἀείρας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.33","id":"b3-l33","source":"δαῖτʼ ἐντυνόμενοι κρέα τʼ ὤπτων ἄλλα τʼ ἔπειρον."}]},{"lemma":"κρείσσων","count":6,"glosses":["stronger","stronger, better","the stronger","more entitled, stronger"],"forms":["κρείσσων","κρεῖσσον","κρείσσονες"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","nominative plural masculine comparative adjective"],"note":"comparative κρεῖσσον, neuter used as predicate: 'nothing is stronger'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.182","id":"b6-l182","source":"ἐσθλήν· οὐ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ γε κρεῖσσον καὶ ἄρειον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.46","id":"b18-l46","source":"ὁππότερος δέ κε νικήσῃ κρείσσων τε γένηται,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.83","id":"b18-l83","source":"αἴ κέν σʼ οὗτος νικήσῃ κρείσσων τε γένηται,"}]},{"lemma":"κρείων","count":13,"glosses":["lord","of rulers","lord, ruler","ruling"],"forms":["κρεῖον","κρείων","κρειόντων"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":"Vocative epithet address, 'lordly Alcinous,' typical of formal Homeric speech-openings.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.45","id":"b1-l45","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.81","id":"b1-l81","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.248","id":"b3-l248","source":"πῶς ἔθανʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων;"}]},{"lemma":"Κρείων","count":1,"glosses":["of Creon"],"forms":["Κρείοντος"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.269","id":"b11-l269","source":"καὶ Μεγάρην, Κρείοντος ὑπερθύμοιο θύγατρα,"}]},{"lemma":"κρεμάννυμι","count":2,"glosses":["hung"],"forms":["κρέμασεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.67","id":"b8-l67","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα λίγειαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.105","id":"b8-l105","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα λίγειαν,"}]},{"lemma":"κρήδεμνον","count":11,"glosses":["veil","seal, cover","headscarves","diadem"],"forms":["κρήδεμνα","κρήδεμνον"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κρήδεμνα, the veil Penelope holds before her face — a recurring gesture of modesty whenever she appears before the suitors.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.334","id":"b1-l334","source":"ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.392","id":"b3-l392","source":"ὤιξεν ταμίη καὶ ἀπὸ κρήδεμνον ἔλυσε·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.346","id":"b5-l346","source":"τῆ δέ, τόδε κρήδεμνον ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τανύσσαι"}]},{"lemma":"κρήνη","count":11,"glosses":["springs","a spring","spring","the well","fountain"],"forms":["κρήνην","κρῆναι","κρήνη","κρήνῃ","κρηνέων","κρήνης"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.70","id":"b5-l70","source":"κρῆναι δʼ ἑξείης πίσυρες ῥέον ὕδατι λευκῷ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.292","id":"b6-l292","source":"αἰγείρων· ἐν δὲ κρήνη νάει, ἀμφὶ δὲ λειμών·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.129","id":"b7-l129","source":"ἐν δὲ δύω κρῆναι ἡ μέν τʼ ἀνὰ κῆπον ἅπαντα"}]},{"lemma":"κρήνηνδε","count":1,"glosses":["to the spring"],"forms":["κρήνηνδε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"directional suffix -δε 'to/toward' attached directly to the noun, no preposition 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noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.191","id":"b3-l191","source":"πάντας δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρήτην εἰσήγαγʼ ἑταίρους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.291","id":"b3-l291","source":"ἔνθα διατμήξας τὰς μὲν Κρήτῃ ἐπέλασσεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.323","id":"b11-l323","source":"ἐκ Κρήτης ἐς γουνὸν Ἀθηνάων ἱεράων"}]},{"lemma":"Κρήτηνδε","count":1,"glosses":["to Crete"],"forms":["Κρήτηνδε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"Κρήτηνδε, directional -δε suffix meaning 'to/toward Crete'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.186","id":"b19-l186","source":"καὶ γὰρ τὸν Κρήτηνδε κατήγαγεν ἲς ἀνέμοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"Κρηθεύς","count":2,"glosses":["of Cretheus","to Cretheus"],"forms":["Κρηθῆος","Κρηθῆι"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.237","id":"b11-l237","source":"φῆ δὲ Κρηθῆος γυνὴ ἔμμεναι Αἰολίδαο·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.258","id":"b11-l258","source":"τοὺς δʼ ἑτέρους Κρηθῆι τέκεν βασίλεια γυναικῶν,"}]},{"lemma":"κρηναῖος","count":1,"glosses":["of the spring"],"forms":["κρηναῖαι"],"morphology":["vocative plural feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.240","id":"b17-l240","source":"νύμφαι κρηναῖαι, κοῦραι Διός, εἴ ποτʼ\n                     Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"κρίνω","count":19,"glosses":["chosen","choosing","having chosen","choose","choosing, picking","having picked","picked out","let be chosen","judging","I would pick","is decided","decided","choosing out","are judged"],"forms":["κρίνας","κρινάμενος","κεκριμένοι","κρίνασθαι","ἐκρίνατ","κρινάσθων","κρινθέντε","κρίνων","κεκριμένους","κρίνοιμι","κρίνηται","ἔκριναν","κρίνονται"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect 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ἐρυσσάμενος, κρίνας τʼ ἀνὰ δῆμον ἀρίστους."}]},{"lemma":"κρῖ","count":3,"glosses":["barley"],"forms":["κρῖ"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κρῖ, indeclinable epic noun for barley-grain","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.41","id":"b4-l41","source":"πὰρ δʼ ἔβαλον ζειάς, ἀνὰ δὲ κρῖ λευκὸν ἔμιξαν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.604","id":"b4-l604","source":"πυροί τε ζειαί τε ἰδʼ εὐρυφυὲς κρῖ λευκόν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.358","id":"b12-l358","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἔχον κρῖ λευκὸν ἐυσσέλμου ἐπὶ νηός."}]},{"lemma":"κριθή","count":2,"glosses":["barley"],"forms":["κριθαὶ","κριθάς"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.110","id":"b9-l110","source":"πυροὶ καὶ κριθαὶ ἠδʼ ἄμπελοι, αἵ τε φέρουσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.112","id":"b19-l112","source":"πυροὺς καὶ κριθάς, βρίθῃσι δὲ δένδρεα καρπῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"κριός","count":2,"glosses":["ram"],"forms":["κριὲ","κριὸν"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.447","id":"b9-l447","source":"κριὲ πέπον, τί μοι ὧδε διὰ σπέος ἔσσυο\n                        μήλων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.461","id":"b9-l461","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν τὸν κριὸν ἀπὸ ἕο πέμπε θύραζε."}]},{"lemma":"κριτός","count":1,"glosses":["chosen"],"forms":["κριτοὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.258","id":"b8-l258","source":"αἰσυμνῆται δὲ κριτοὶ ἐννέα πάντες ἀνέσταν"}]},{"lemma":"κρόμυον","count":1,"glosses":["of onion"],"forms":["κρομύοιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.233","id":"b19-l233","source":"οἷόν τε κρομύοιο λοπὸν κάτα ἰσχαλέοιο·"}]},{"lemma":"Κρόνος","count":1,"glosses":["of Kronos"],"forms":["Κρόνου"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.415","id":"b21-l415","source":"ὅττι ῥά οἱ τέρας ἧκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω·"}]},{"lemma":"κρόταφος","count":3,"glosses":["temples","my temples","the temples"],"forms":["κροτάφοις","κροτάφοισιν"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.319","id":"b11-l319","source":"ἀμφοτέρω, πρίν σφωιν ὑπὸ κροτάφοισιν ἰούλους"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.378","id":"b18-l378","source":"καὶ κυνέη πάγχαλκος, ἐπὶ κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.102","id":"b22-l102","source":"καὶ κυνέην πάγχαλκον, ἐπὶ κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖαν"}]},{"lemma":"Κρονίδης","count":7,"glosses":["son of Kronos","son of Cronus","son of Cronos"],"forms":["Κρονίδη","Κρονίδῃ","Κρονίδης"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.45","id":"b1-l45","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.81","id":"b1-l81","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.552","id":"b9-l552","source":"Ζηνὶ κελαινεφέι Κρονίδῃ, ὃς πᾶσιν ἀνάσσει,"}]},{"lemma":"Κρονίων","count":23,"glosses":["son of Cronos","son of Cronus","son of Kronos","the son of Cronos","Zeus","the son of Cronus"],"forms":["Κρονίων","Κρονίωνα","Κρονίωνος","Κρονίονος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Κρονίων, patronymic epithet 'son of Kronos', i.e. Zeus — used instead of the name itself.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.386","id":"b1-l386","source":"μὴ σέ γʼ ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.88","id":"b3-l88","source":"κείνου δʼ αὖ καὶ ὄλεθρον ἀπευθέα θῆκε Κρονίων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.119","id":"b3-l119","source":"παντοίοισι δόλοισι, μόγις δʼ ἐτέλεσσε Κρονίων."}]},{"lemma":"Κρουνοί","count":1,"glosses":["and"],"forms":["Κρουνοὺς"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.295","id":"b15-l295","source":"βὰν δὲ παρὰ Κρουνοὺς καὶ Χαλκίδα καλλιρέεθρον."}]},{"lemma":"κρύβδην","count":2,"glosses":["secretly"],"forms":["κρύβδην"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"κρύβδην...ἀναφανδά form a stark contrast pair: 'in secret, not openly'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.455","id":"b11-l455","source":"κρύβδην, μηδʼ ἀναφανδά, φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.153","id":"b16-l153","source":"κρύβδην· κείνη γὰρ κεν ἀπαγγείλειε γέροντι."}]},{"lemma":"κρύπτω","count":7,"glosses":["will hide","hid","hidden","hide"],"forms":["κρύψω","κρύψεν","κεκρυμμένον","ἔκρυψαν","κεκρυμμένα"],"morphology":["future active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter","aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter"],"note":"Aorist subjunctive continuing the purpose clause begun with 'weave a plan'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.350","id":"b4-l350","source":"τῶν οὐδέν τοι ἐγὼ κρύψω ἔπος οὐδʼ ἐπικεύσω."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.244","id":"b11-l244","source":"κυρτωθέν, κρύψεν δὲ θεὸν θνητήν τε γυναῖκα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.443","id":"b11-l443","source":"ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν φάσθαι, τὸ δὲ καὶ κεκρυμμένον εἶναι."}]},{"lemma":"κρύσταλλος","count":1,"glosses":["ice"],"forms":["κρύσταλλος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.477","id":"b14-l477","source":"ψυχρή, καὶ σακέεσσι περιτρέφετο κρύσταλλος."}]},{"lemma":"κρυερός","count":2,"glosses":["chilling"],"forms":["κρυεροῖο"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.103","id":"b4-l103","source":"παύομαι· αἰψηρὸς δὲ κόρος κρυεροῖο γόοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.212","id":"b11-l212","source":"ἀμφοτέρω κρυεροῖο τεταρπώμεσθα γόοιο;"}]},{"lemma":"κρυφηδόν","count":2,"glosses":["secretly"],"forms":["κρυφηδόν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"ἀμφαδόν...κρυφηδόν pairs two rare adverbs ('openly'/'secretly') as a formulaic contrast.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.330","id":"b14-l330","source":"ἤδη δὴν ἀπεών, ἢ ἀμφαδὸν ἦε κρυφηδόν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.299","id":"b19-l299","source":"ἤδη δὴν ἀπεών, ἤ ἀμφαδὸν ἦε κρυφηδόν."}]},{"lemma":"κτάομαι","count":3,"glosses":["acquired","won","you won"],"forms":["κτήσατο","ἐκτήσατο","ἐκτήσω"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"Middle voice κτάομαι: acquired 'for himself', matching αὐτὸς.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.450","id":"b14-l450","source":"αὐτὸς κτήσατο οἶος ἀποιχομένοιο ἄνακτος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.265","id":"b20-l265","source":"οἶκος ὅδʼ, ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσῆος, ἐμοὶ δʼ ἐκτήσατο κεῖνος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.193","id":"b24-l193","source":"ἦ ἄρα σὺν μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν."}]},{"lemma":"κτέαρ","count":9,"glosses":["possessions","with possessions"],"forms":["κτεάτεσσιν","κτεάτεσσι"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun"],"note":"Old-style dative plural κτεάτεσσιν, an archaic consonant-stem ending characteristic of epic vocabulary for property.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.218","id":"b1-l218","source":"ἀνέρος, ὃν κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖς ἔπι γῆρας ἔτετμε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.430","id":"b1-l430","source":"τήν ποτε Λαέρτης πρίατο κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.93","id":"b4-l93","source":"ὣς οὔ τοι χαίρων τοῖσδε κτεάτεσσιν ἀνάσσω."}]},{"lemma":"κτέομαι","count":1,"glosses":["had acquired"],"forms":["κτήσατο"],"morphology":["aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κτέομαι middle voice: Odysseus acquired them 'for himself,' i.e. as his own property.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.4","id":"b14-l4","source":"κήδετο οἰκήων, οὓς κτήσατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς."}]},{"lemma":"κτέρεα","count":4,"glosses":["funeral rites","funeral gifts"],"forms":["κτέρεα","κτερέων"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","vocative plural neuter noun","genitive plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.291","id":"b1-l291","source":"σῆμά τέ οἱ χεῦαι καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερεΐξαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.222","id":"b2-l222","source":"σῆμά τέ οἱ χεύω καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερεΐξω"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.285","id":"b3-l285","source":"ὄφρʼ ἕταρον θάπτοι καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερίσειεν."}]},{"lemma":"κτεατίζω","count":4,"glosses":["having won","had acquired"],"forms":["κτεατίσσας","κτεάτισσεν"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Aorist participle: emphasizes the irony that a man who acquired so much could end up without burial cloth.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.102","id":"b2-l102","source":"αἴ κεν ἄτερ σπείρου κεῖται πολλὰ κτεατίσσας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.147","id":"b19-l147","source":"αἴ κεν ἄτερ σπείρου κεῖται πολλὰ κτεατίσσας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.137","id":"b24-l137","source":"αἴ κεν ἄτερ σπείρου κεῖται πολλὰ κτεατίσσας."}]},{"lemma":"κτείνω","count":63,"glosses":["killed","to kill","having killed","were slain","being slain","he killed","slew","killing","is killing","slain","they had slaughtered","you may kill","had slain","killed him","you kill","being killed","was killing","should kill","I will kill","they killed","they had killed","I am killing","had killed","I should kill","we kill","the slain","kill","I killed","were being killed","kept killing"],"forms":["ἔκτανε","ἔκτα","κτεῖναι","κτείνας","κτείνοντο","κτεῖνε","ἔκταν","κτείνειν","ἔκτανον","κτείνῃς","ἔκτεινε","ἔκτανεν","κτείνει","κτάμεναι","κτεινομένων","ἔκτεινον","κτείναιμι","κταμένοισι","κτάνε","ἔκταθεν","κτεῖνεν","κτενέω","κτείναντες","κτείνωμι","κτεινομένους","κτέωμεν","κτεινόμενος","κταμένοισιν","ἔκτεινεν","κτεῖναί","κτεῖνον","κτείνασα"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle participle, dative plural masculine","present active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine","aorist active optative, 1st singular verb","aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active 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ἄκοιτιν·"}]},{"lemma":"κτερείζω","count":1,"glosses":["I will perform"],"forms":["κτερεΐξω"],"morphology":["future active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.222","id":"b2-l222","source":"σῆμά τέ οἱ χεύω καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερεΐξω"}]},{"lemma":"κτερεΐζω","count":1,"glosses":["pay rites for"],"forms":["κτερεΐξαι"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive"],"note":"κτερεΐζω, a verb built directly on κτέρεα 'funeral offerings' — exists almost solely to describe this ritual honoring the dead.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.291","id":"b1-l291","source":"σῆμά τέ οἱ χεῦαι καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερεΐξαι"}]},{"lemma":"κτερίζω","count":1,"glosses":["pay the rites"],"forms":["κτερίσειεν"],"morphology":["aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"κτερίζω, cognate to κτέρεα — verb and object share the same root, a common Homeric figure.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.285","id":"b3-l285","source":"ὄφρʼ ἕταρον θάπτοι καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερίσειεν."}]},{"lemma":"Κτήσιος","count":1,"glosses":["Ctesius"],"forms":["Κτήσιος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.414","id":"b15-l414","source":"Κτήσιος Ὀρμενίδης, ἐπιείκελος ἀθανάτοισιν."}]},{"lemma":"Κτήσιππος","count":5,"glosses":["Ctesippus"],"forms":["Κτήσιππος","Κτήσιππον","Κτήσιππ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.288","id":"b20-l288","source":"Κτήσιππος δʼ ὄνομʼ ἔσκε, Σάμῃ δʼ ἐνὶ οἰκία ναῖεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.303","id":"b20-l303","source":"Κτήσιππον δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχος ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.304","id":"b20-l304","source":"Κτήσιππʼ, ἦ μάλα τοι τόδε κέρδιον ἔπλετο\n                     θυμῷ·"}]},{"lemma":"κτῆμα","count":43,"glosses":["possessions","goods","property","treasures","treasure","in possessions","goods, possessions","the treasures","possessions, wealth","possession, valuable","his goods"],"forms":["κτήματ","κτήματα","κτήματά","κτήμασιν","κτήμαθ","κτήμασι","κτῆμα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.375","id":"b1-l375","source":"ὑμὰ κτήματʼ ἔδοντες, ἀμειβόμενοι κατὰ οἴκους."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.402","id":"b1-l402","source":"κτήματα δʼ αὐτὸς ἔχοις καὶ δώμασιν οἷσιν ἀνάσσοις."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.404","id":"b1-l404","source":"κτήματʼ ἀπορραίσει, Ἰθάκης ἔτι ναιετοώσης."}]},{"lemma":"κτῆσις","count":5,"glosses":["possessions","property","wealth, property"],"forms":["κτῆσιν","κτήσιος"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.687","id":"b4-l687","source":"κτῆσιν Τηλεμάχοιο δαΐφρονος· οὐδέ τι πατρῶν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.225","id":"b7-l225","source":"κτῆσιν ἐμήν, δμῶάς τε καὶ ὑψερεφὲς μέγα δῶμα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.62","id":"b14-l62","source":"ὅς κεν ἔμʼ ἐνδυκέως ἐφίλει καὶ κτῆσιν ὄπασσεν,"}]},{"lemma":"Κτιμένη","count":1,"glosses":["Ctimene"],"forms":["Κτιμένῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.363","id":"b15-l363","source":"οὕνεκά μʼ αὐτὴ θρέψεν ἅμα Κτιμένῃ τανυπέπλῳ,"}]},{"lemma":"κτύπος","count":4,"glosses":["din, noise","sound","noise/din"],"forms":["κτύπος","κτύπου"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.6","id":"b16-l6","source":"σαίνοντάς τε κύνας, περί τε κτύπος ἦλθε ποδοῖϊν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.444","id":"b19-l444","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀνδρῶν τε κυνῶν τε περὶ κτύπος ἦλθε ποδοῖϊν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.237","id":"b21-l237","source":"ἢν δέ τις ἢ στοναχῆς ἠὲ κτύπου ἔνδον ἀκούσῃ"}]},{"lemma":"κτυπέω","count":1,"glosses":["thundered"],"forms":["ἔκτυπε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Zeus's thunderclap is a divine omen confirming Odysseus's success — a formulaic sign of favor.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.413","id":"b21-l413","source":"ἐτράπετο· Ζεὺς δὲ μεγάλʼ ἔκτυπε σήματα φαίνων·"}]},{"lemma":"κύανος","count":1,"glosses":["of blue enamel"],"forms":["κυάνοιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"κύανος = dark blue glass/enamel inlay, a real Bronze Age palace detail (cf. Mycenae/Tiryns friezes).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.87","id":"b7-l87","source":"ἐς μυχὸν ἐξ οὐδοῦ, περὶ δὲ θριγκὸς κυάνοιο·"}]},{"lemma":"κύδιστος","count":3,"glosses":["most glorious"],"forms":["κύδιστε","κυδίστη"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.378","id":"b3-l378","source":"ἀλλὰ Διὸς θυγάτηρ, κυδίστη Τριτογένεια,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.397","id":"b11-l397","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε, ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.121","id":"b24-l121","source":"Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε, ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον,"}]},{"lemma":"Κύδωνες","count":2,"glosses":["Cydonians"],"forms":["Κύδωνες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.292","id":"b3-l292","source":"ἧχι Κύδωνες ἔναιον Ἰαρδάνου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.176","id":"b19-l176","source":"ἐν δʼ Ἐτεόκρητες μεγαλήτορες, ἐν δὲ Κύδωνες,"}]},{"lemma":"Κύθηρα","count":1,"glosses":["past Cythera"],"forms":["Κυθήρων"],"morphology":["genitive plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.81","id":"b9-l81","source":"καὶ Βορέης ἀπέωσε, παρέπλαγξεν δὲ Κυθήρων."}]},{"lemma":"κύκλος","count":2,"glosses":["ring","in a circle"],"forms":["κύκλον","κύκλῳ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.792","id":"b4-l792","source":"δείσας, ὁππότε μιν δόλιον περὶ κύκλον ἄγωσι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.278","id":"b8-l278","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἑρμῖσιν χέε δέσματα κύκλῳ ἁπάντῃ·"}]},{"lemma":"Κύκλωψ","count":32,"glosses":["Cyclops","the Cyclops","the Cyclopes","of the Cyclopes","Cyclopes","at the Cyclops","of Cyclopes","Cyclops'","for Cyclopes","among the Cyclopes","of the Cyclops","of Cyclops"],"forms":["Κύκλωψ","Κυκλώπων","Κύκλωπα","Κύκλωπος","Κυκλώπεσσι","Κύκλωπές","Κύκλωπες","Κύκλωπας","Κυκλώπεσσιν","Κύκλωπός"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":"Reference to Polyphemus devouring Odysseus's men, recounted later in Book 9.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.69","id":"b1-l69","source":"Κύκλωπος κεχόλωται, ὃν ὀφθαλμοῦ ἀλάωσεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.71","id":"b1-l71","source":"πᾶσιν Κυκλώπεσσι· Θόωσα δέ μιν τέκε νύμφη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.19","id":"b2-l19","source":"Ἄντιφος αἰχμητής· τὸν δʼ ἄγριος ἔκτανε 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κύπειρον"}]},{"lemma":"κύπελλον","count":5,"glosses":["cups"],"forms":["κύπελλα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.142","id":"b1-l142","source":"παντοίων, παρὰ δέ σφι τίθει χρύσεια κύπελλα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.396","id":"b2-l396","source":"πλάζε δὲ πίνοντας, χειρῶν δʼ ἔκβαλλε κύπελλα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.58","id":"b4-l58","source":"παντοίων, παρὰ δέ σφι τίθει χρύσεια κύπελλα."}]},{"lemma":"Κύπρος","count":4,"glosses":["Cyprus","to Cyprus"],"forms":["Κύπρον","Κύπρου"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.83","id":"b4-l83","source":"Κύπρον Φοινίκην τε καὶ Αἰγυπτίους ἐπαληθείς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.362","id":"b8-l362","source":"ἡ δʼ ἄρα Κύπρον ἵκανε φιλομμειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.443","id":"b17-l443","source":"Δμήτορι Ἰασίδῃ, ὃς Κύπρου ἶφι ἄνασσεν·"}]},{"lemma":"κύπρος","count":1,"glosses":["Cyprus"],"forms":["Κύπρον"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.442","id":"b17-l442","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔμʼ ἐς Κύπρον ξείνῳ δόσαν ἀντιάσαντι,"}]},{"lemma":"κύπτω","count":1,"glosses":["he stooped"],"forms":["κύψει"],"morphology":["aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"aorist optative in a general/repeated-condition clause with ὁσσάκι","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.585","id":"b11-l585","source":"ὁσσάκι γὰρ κύψειʼ ὁ γέρων πιέειν μενεαίνων,"}]},{"lemma":"κύρμα","count":3,"glosses":["spoil","prey"],"forms":["κύρμα"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"predicate accusative with γενέσθαι: 'to become prey.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.271","id":"b3-l271","source":"κάλλιπεν οἰωνοῖσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γενέσθαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.473","id":"b5-l473","source":"δείδω, μὴ θήρεσσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γένωμαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.480","id":"b15-l480","source":"καὶ τὴν μὲν φώκῃσι καὶ ἰχθύσι κύρμα γενέσθαι"}]},{"lemma":"κύων","count":41,"glosses":["dogs","of dogs","hounds","dog","to dogs","bitch","the hound","dogfish","the dogs","cur, dog","a dog","the dog","you bitch","hound","bitches","the hounds"],"forms":["κύνες","κύων","κύνας","κυνῶν","κυσὶν","κύον","κύν"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","vocative singular feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","vocative plural masculine noun"],"note":"κύνες ἀργοί, swift hunting dogs, a realistic domestic detail marking Telemachus's household.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.11","id":"b2-l11","source":"οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω κύνες ἀργοὶ ἕποντο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.259","id":"b3-l259","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄρα τόν γε κύνες τε καὶ οἰωνοὶ κατέδαψαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.91","id":"b7-l91","source":"χρύσειοι δʼ ἑκάτερθε καὶ ἀργύρεοι κύνες ἦσαν,"}]},{"lemma":"κῦδος","count":9,"glosses":["glory","honor"],"forms":["κῦδος","κῦδός"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","vocative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κῦδος, epic word for battle-glory/renown granted by gods, common formula-word","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.57","id":"b3-l57","source":"Νέστορι μὲν πρώτιστα καὶ υἱάσι κῦδος ὄπαζε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.79","id":"b3-l79","source":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη, μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.202","id":"b3-l202","source":"ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη, μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν,"}]},{"lemma":"κῦμα","count":68,"glosses":["wave","waves","the wave","a wave","on waves","of the wave","the waves","swell","surge","on the waves","in the waves","by wave"],"forms":["κῦμα","κύματα","κύμασιν","κύματος","κῦμ","κύματ","κύμασι","κύματι","κύμαθ","κύματά","κῦμά"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun"],"note":"κῦμα, subject of φέρε; the wave itself acts as agent, driving the action","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.162","id":"b1-l162","source":"κείμενʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου, ἢ εἰν ἁλὶ κῦμα κυλίνδει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.427","id":"b2-l427","source":"ἔπρησεν δʼ ἄνεμος μέσον ἱστίον, ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.429","id":"b2-l429","source":"ἡ δʼ ἔθεεν κατὰ κῦμα διαπρήσσουσα κέλευθον."}]},{"lemma":"κυάνεος","count":5,"glosses":["dark","dark, blue-black"],"forms":["κυανέη","κυανέην","κυάνεαι"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"κυανέη, 'dark-blue/black,' describing the cloud—same root as Amphitrite's epithet earlier.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.75","id":"b12-l75","source":"κυανέη· τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτʼ ἐρωεῖ, οὐδέ ποτʼ αἴθρη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.243","id":"b12-l243","source":"ψάμμῳ κυανέη· τοὺς δὲ χλωρὸν δέος ᾕρει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.405","id":"b12-l405","source":"δὴ τότε κυανέην νεφέλην ἔστησε Κρονίων"}]},{"lemma":"κυανόπρῳρος","count":9,"glosses":["dark-prowed"],"forms":["κυανοπρῴροιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"κυανόπρῳρος 'dark-blue-prowed' — a Homeric epithet for ships, formulaic decoration in the verse.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.482","id":"b9-l482","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἔβαλε προπάροιθε νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.539","id":"b9-l539","source":"κὰδʼ δʼ ἔβαλεν μετόπισθε νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.127","id":"b10-l127","source":"τῷ ἀπὸ πείσματʼ ἔκοψα νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο."}]},{"lemma":"κυανοπρῴρειος","count":1,"glosses":["dark-prowed"],"forms":["κυανοπρῳρείους"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"κυανοπρῴρειος, compound epithet 'dark/blue-prowed' typical of Homeric ship-descriptions.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.299","id":"b3-l299","source":"κύματʼ· ἀτὰρ τὰς πέντε νέας κυανοπρῳρείους"}]},{"lemma":"κυανοχαίτης","count":3,"glosses":["dark-haired one","dark-haired"],"forms":["κυανοχαίτῃ","κυανοχαῖτα","κυανοχαίτης"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine adjective","vocative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"κυανοχαίτης, 'dark-haired,' a standing epithet for Poseidon as sea-god.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.6","id":"b3-l6","source":"ταύρους παμμέλανας, ἐνοσίχθονι κυανοχαίτῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.528","id":"b9-l528","source":"κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον γαιήοχε κυανοχαῖτα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.536","id":"b9-l536","source":"ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε\n                     κυανοχαίτης."}]},{"lemma":"κυανῶπις","count":1,"glosses":["dark-eyed"],"forms":["κυανώπιδος"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.60","id":"b12-l60","source":"κῦμα μέγα ῥοχθεῖ κυανώπιδος Ἀμφιτρίτης·"}]},{"lemma":"κυβερνάω","count":1,"glosses":["at steering"],"forms":["κυβερνῆσαι"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive"],"note":"Epexegetical infinitive explaining in what Phrontis excelled.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.283","id":"b3-l283","source":"νῆα κυβερνῆσαι, ὁπότε σπέρχοιεν ἄελλαι."}]},{"lemma":"κυβερνήτης","count":7,"glosses":["helmsman","the helmsmen","of the helmsman","the steersmen"],"forms":["κυβερνῆταί","κυβερνήτης","κυβερνήτην","κυβερνῆθ","κυβερνήτεω"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","vocative plural masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.279","id":"b3-l279","source":"ἔνθα κυβερνήτην Μενελάου Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.78","id":"b9-l78","source":"ἥμεθα, τὰς δʼ ἄνεμός τε κυβερνῆταί τʼ ἴθυνον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.10","id":"b11-l10","source":"ἥμεθα· τὴν δʼ ἄνεμός τε κυβερνήτης τʼ ἴθυνε."}]},{"lemma":"κυβερνητήρ","count":1,"glosses":["steersmen"],"forms":["κυβερνητῆρες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.557","id":"b8-l557","source":"οὐ γὰρ Φαιήκεσσι κυβερνητῆρες ἔασιν,"}]},{"lemma":"κυβιστητήρ","count":1,"glosses":["tumblers"],"forms":["κυβιστητῆρε"],"morphology":["nominative dual masculine noun"],"note":"κυβιστητῆρε: dual form, two acrobats performing together, matching δοιώ 'a pair'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.18","id":"b4-l18","source":"φορμίζων, δοιὼ δὲ κυβιστητῆρε κατʼ αὐτούς,"}]},{"lemma":"κυδάλιμος","count":15,"glosses":["glorious","glorious, proud"],"forms":["κυδαλίμοιο","κυδαλίμοισιν","κυδαλίμοισι","κυδάλιμον"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"κυδάλιμος + Μενελάου is a recurring formula, filling the line's end whenever Menelaus is named.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.219","id":"b3-l219","source":"ὡς τότʼ Ὀδυσσῆος περικήδετο κυδαλίμοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.2","id":"b4-l2","source":"πρὸς δʼ ἄρα δώματʼ ἔλων Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.16","id":"b4-l16","source":"γείτονες ἠδὲ ἔται Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"κυδαίνω","count":2,"glosses":["gladdened","to glorify"],"forms":["κύδαινε","κυδῆναι"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive"],"note":"aorist infinitive of κυδαίνω, 'to give κῦδος/glory to'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.438","id":"b14-l438","source":"ἀργιόδοντος ὑός, κύδαινε δὲ θυμὸν ἄνακτος·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.212","id":"b16-l212","source":"ἠμὲν κυδῆναι θνητὸν βροτὸν ἠδὲ κακῶσαι."}]},{"lemma":"κυδρός","count":2,"glosses":["honored","glorious"],"forms":["κυδρὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.580","id":"b11-l580","source":"Λητὼ γὰρ ἕλκησε, Διὸς κυδρὴν παράκοιτιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.26","id":"b15-l26","source":"εἰς ὅ κέ τοι φήνωσι θεοὶ κυδρὴν παράκοιτιν."}]},{"lemma":"Κυθέρεια","count":2,"glosses":["of Cytherea","Cytherea"],"forms":["Κυθερείης","Κυθέρεια"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"epithet-name for Aphrodite from her cult island Cythera.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.288","id":"b8-l288","source":"ἰσχανόων φιλότητος ἐυστεφάνου Κυθερείης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.193","id":"b18-l193","source":"ἀμβροσίῳ, οἵῳ περ ἐϋστέφανος Κυθέρεια"}]},{"lemma":"κυκάω","count":3,"glosses":["churning","she stirred up"],"forms":["κυκωμένη","ἐκύκα"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.235","id":"b10-l235","source":"οἴνῳ Πραμνείῳ ἐκύκα· ἀνέμισγε δὲ σίτῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.238","id":"b12-l238","source":"πᾶσʼ ἀναμορμύρεσκε κυκωμένη, ὑψόσε δʼ ἄχνη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.241","id":"b12-l241","source":"πᾶσʼ ἔντοσθε φάνεσκε κυκωμένη, ἀμφὶ δὲ πέτρη"}]},{"lemma":"κυκεών","count":2,"glosses":["potion","a potion"],"forms":["κυκεῶ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"κυκεών, the barley-wine-cheese mixture also drunk in Eleusinian ritual — Circe weaponizes an ordinary drink.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.290","id":"b10-l290","source":"τεύξει τοι κυκεῶ, βαλέει δʼ ἐν φάρμακα σίτῳ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.316","id":"b10-l316","source":"τεῦχε δέ μοι κυκεῶ χρυσέῳ δέπαι, ὄφρα πίοιμι,"}]},{"lemma":"κυκλοτερής","count":1,"glosses":["circular"],"forms":["κυκλοτερές"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.209","id":"b17-l209","source":"πάντοσε κυκλοτερές, κατὰ δὲ ψυχρὸν ῥέεν ὕδωρ"}]},{"lemma":"κυλίνδω","count":9,"glosses":["rolling","writhing","rolls","rolls down","was rolling","rolled"],"forms":["κυλίνδετο","κυλίνδει","κυλίνδεται","κυλινδόμενός","κυλίνδων","κυλινδόμενα","κυλινδόμενος","κυλίνδον"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","present active participle, nominative singular neuter"],"note":"κυλίνδεται, vivid image of doom 'rolling' toward them like a boulder","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.162","id":"b1-l162","source":"κείμενʼ ἐπʼ ἠπείρου, ἢ εἰν ἁλὶ κῦμα κυλίνδει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.163","id":"b2-l163","source":"τοῖσιν γὰρ μέγα πῆμα κυλίνδεται· οὐ γὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.541","id":"b4-l541","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κλαίων τε κυλινδόμενός τε κορέσθην,"}]},{"lemma":"Κυλλήνη","count":1,"glosses":["Cyllenian"],"forms":["Κυλλήνιος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"Epithet from Mt. Cyllene, Hermes' birthplace; marks the god by cult-place, epic formula style.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.1","id":"b24-l1","source":"Ἑρμῆς δὲ ψυχὰς Κυλλήνιος ἐξεκαλεῖτο"}]},{"lemma":"κυμαίνω","count":5,"glosses":["surging"],"forms":["κυμαίνοντα"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"vivid participle painting the sea as alive/churning, typical Homeric visual epithet-verb","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.425","id":"b4-l425","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὑπὸ πόντον ἐδύσετο κυμαίνοντα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.510","id":"b4-l510","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐφόρει κατὰ πόντον ἀπείρονα κυμαίνοντα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.570","id":"b4-l570","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ὑπὸ πόντον ἐδύσετο κυμαίνοντα."}]},{"lemma":"κυνέα","count":2,"glosses":["the helmet","cap"],"forms":["κυνέην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.276","id":"b14-l276","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἀπὸ κρατὸς κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.231","id":"b24-l231","source":"αἰγείην κυνέην κεφαλῇ ἔχε, πένθος ἀέξων."}]},{"lemma":"κυνέη","count":6,"glosses":["a helmet","helmet","helmets"],"forms":["κυνέην","κυνέας","κυνέῃ","κυνέη"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.206","id":"b10-l206","source":"κλήρους δʼ ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλομεν ὦκα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.378","id":"b18-l378","source":"καὶ κυνέη πάγχαλκος, ἐπὶ κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.102","id":"b22-l102","source":"καὶ κυνέην πάγχαλκον, ἐπὶ κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖαν"}]},{"lemma":"κυνέω","count":18,"glosses":["kissed","kept kissing","he kissed","they kissed","kiss","to kiss"],"forms":["κύσε","κύσσε","κύνεον","κύνει","κύσα","κύσεν","κύσσ","ἔκυσσε","κύσειε","ἔκυσ","κύσσαι"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive"],"note":"κύσε, aorist of κυνέω — a striking gesture of relief and reverence upon reaching land.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.522","id":"b4-l522","source":"καὶ κύνει ἁπτόμενος ἣν πατρίδα· πολλὰ δʼ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.463","id":"b5-l463","source":"σχοίνῳ ὑπεκλίνθη, κύσε δὲ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.354","id":"b13-l354","source":"χαίρων ᾗ γαίῃ, κύσε δὲ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν."}]},{"lemma":"κυνηγέτης","count":1,"glosses":["hunters"],"forms":["κυνηγέται"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.120","id":"b9-l120","source":"οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθʼ ὕλην"}]},{"lemma":"κυνοραιστής","count":1,"glosses":["of ticks"],"forms":["κυνοραιστέων"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":"κυνοραιστής 'dog-tick' occurs only here in Homer — a strikingly unheroic, realistic detail.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.300","id":"b17-l300","source":"ἔνθα κύων κεῖτʼ Ἄργος, ἐνίπλειος κυνοραιστέων."}]},{"lemma":"κυνώπης","count":3,"glosses":["shameless one","dog-faced","dog-faced one"],"forms":["κυνώπιδος","κυνῶπις"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Helen's self-directed epithet κυνῶπις, 'dog-eyed,' i.e. shameless.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.145","id":"b4-l145","source":"κεῖνος ἀνήρ, ὅτʼ ἐμεῖο κυνώπιδος εἵνεκʼ Ἀχαιοὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.319","id":"b8-l319","source":"ὅσσα οἱ ἐγγυάλιξα κυνώπιδος εἵνεκα κούρης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.424","id":"b11-l424","source":"βάλλον ἀποθνήσκων περὶ φασγάνῳ· ἡ δὲ κυνῶπις"}]},{"lemma":"κυπάρισσος","count":1,"glosses":["cypress"],"forms":["κυπάρισσος"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.64","id":"b5-l64","source":"κλήθρη τʼ αἴγειρός τε καὶ εὐώδης κυπάρισσος."}]},{"lemma":"κυπαρίσσινος","count":1,"glosses":["cypress"],"forms":["κυπαρισσίνῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"κυπαρίσσινος: cypress wood signals costly, well-built housing detail typical of Homeric craftsmanship scenes.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.340","id":"b17-l340","source":"κλινάμενος σταθμῷ κυπαρισσίνῳ, ὅν ποτε τέκτων"}]},{"lemma":"κυρτόω","count":1,"glosses":["arching over"],"forms":["κυρτωθέν"],"morphology":["aorist passive participle, nominative singular neuter"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.244","id":"b11-l244","source":"κυρτωθέν, κρύψεν δὲ θεὸν θνητήν τε γυναῖκα."}]},{"lemma":"κυφός","count":1,"glosses":["bent"],"forms":["κυφὸς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.16","id":"b2-l16","source":"ὃς δὴ γήραϊ κυφὸς ἔην καὶ μυρία ᾔδη."}]},{"lemma":"κώπη","count":6,"glosses":["hilt","oars","the oars","with oars","handle"],"forms":["κώπη","κώπῃς","κώπην","κώπῃσιν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.403","id":"b8-l403","source":"δώσω οἱ τόδʼ ἄορ παγχάλκεον, ᾧ ἔπι κώπη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.489","id":"b9-l489","source":"ἐμβαλέειν κώπῃς, ἵνʼ ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.129","id":"b10-l129","source":"ἐμβαλέειν κώπῃς, ἵνʼ ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν·"}]},{"lemma":"κώρυκος","count":2,"glosses":["in a sack","leather bag"],"forms":["κωρύκῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"κώρυκος, a leather sack for carrying food — everyday travel gear in the epic world.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.267","id":"b5-l267","source":"κωρύκῳ· ἐν δέ οἱ ὄψα τίθει μενοεικέα πολλά·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.213","id":"b9-l213","source":"κωρύκῳ· αὐτίκα γάρ μοι ὀίσατο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ"}]},{"lemma":"κῶας","count":12,"glosses":["fleeces","fleece","a fleece"],"forms":["κῶας","κώεα","κώεσιν"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.38","id":"b3-l38","source":"κώεσιν ἐν μαλακοῖσιν ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις ἁλίῃσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.47","id":"b16-l47","source":"χεῦεν ὕπο χλωρὰς ῥῶπας καὶ κῶας ὕπερθεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.32","id":"b17-l32","source":"κώεα καστορνῦσα θρόνοις ἔνι δαιδαλέοισι,"}]},{"lemma":"κῶμα","count":1,"glosses":["drowsy trance"],"forms":["κῶμ"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.201","id":"b18-l201","source":"ἦ με μάλʼ αἰνοπαθῆ μαλακὸν περὶ κῶμʼ\n                     ἐκάλυψεν."}]},{"lemma":"κωκύω","count":5,"glosses":["wailed","cried aloud","wails"],"forms":["ἐκώκυον","κώκυσεν","κωκύει","κώκυσ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"κωκύω is the epic verb for ritual keening/wailing, often used of women mourning.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.361","id":"b2-l361","source":"ὣς φάτο, κώκυσεν δὲ φίλη τροφὸς Εὐρύκλεια,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.259","id":"b4-l259","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλαι Τρῳαὶ λίγʼ ἐκώκυον· αὐτὰρ ἐμὸν κῆρ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.527","id":"b8-l527","source":"ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ χυμένη λίγα κωκύει· οἱ δέ τʼ ὄπισθε"}]},{"lemma":"Κωκυτός","count":1,"glosses":["Cocytus"],"forms":["Κώκυτός"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"'River of Wailing' — another underworld river, named for its association with lamentation.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.514","id":"b10-l514","source":"Κώκυτός θʼ, ὃς δὴ Στυγὸς ὕδατός ἐστιν ἀπορρώξ,"}]}]}