{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc"},"letter":"π","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/words/pi","headwords":[{"lemma":"Π́ερση","count":1,"glosses":["Perse"],"forms":["Πέρσης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.139","id":"b10-l139","source":"μητρός τʼ ἐκ Πέρσης, τὴν Ὠκεανὸς τέκε παῖδα."}]},{"lemma":"π͂ας","count":1,"glosses":["all"],"forms":["πάντ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.352","id":"b19-l352","source":"ὡς σὺ μάλʼ εὐφραδέως πεπνυμένα πάντʼ ἀγορεύεις·"}]},{"lemma":"πα~ς","count":1,"glosses":["all"],"forms":["πάντα"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.535","id":"b24-l535","source":"πάντα δʼ ἐπὶ χθονὶ πῖπτε, θεᾶς ὄπα φωνησάσης·"}]},{"lemma":"πάγος","count":2,"glosses":["crags"],"forms":["πάγοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.405","id":"b5-l405","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκταὶ προβλῆτες ἔσαν σπιλάδες τε πάγοι τε·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.411","id":"b5-l411","source":"ἔκτοσθεν μὲν γὰρ πάγοι ὀξέες, ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα"}]},{"lemma":"πάγχυ","count":12,"glosses":["utterly","wholly","altogether","completely","outright"],"forms":["πάγχυ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"μάλα πάγχυ piles up two intensifiers — heavy sarcasm as Eumaeus mocks Melanthios's coming ordeal.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.49","id":"b2-l49","source":"πάγχυ διαρραίσει, βίοτον δʼ ἀπὸ πάμπαν ὀλέσσει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.279","id":"b2-l279","source":"οὐδέ σε πάγχυ γε μῆτις Ὀδυσσῆος προλέλοιπεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.755","id":"b4-l755","source":"πάγχυ θεοῖς μακάρεσσι γονὴν Ἀρκεισιάδαο"}]},{"lemma":"πάλαι","count":7,"glosses":["long ago","long since"],"forms":["πάλαι"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.240","id":"b5-l240","source":"αὖα πάλαι, περίκηλα, τά οἱ πλώοιεν ἐλαφρῶς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.366","id":"b17-l366","source":"πάντοσε χεῖρʼ ὀρέγων, ὡς εἰ πτωχὸς πάλαι εἴη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.309","id":"b18-l309","source":"αὖα πάλαι, περίκηλα, νέον κεκεασμένα χαλκῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"πάλη","count":1,"glosses":["wrestling"],"forms":["πάλῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.206","id":"b8-l206","source":"ἢ πὺξ ἠὲ πάλῃ ἢ καὶ ποσίν, οὔ τι μεγαίρω,"}]},{"lemma":"πάλιν","count":18,"glosses":["back","back/again","back, again","again"],"forms":["πάλιν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.360","id":"b1-l360","source":"ἡ μὲν θαμβήσασα πάλιν οἶκόνδε βεβήκει·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.110","id":"b6-l110","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ἄρʼ ἔμελλε πάλιν οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.143","id":"b7-l143","source":"καὶ τότε δή ῥʼ αὐτοῖο πάλιν χύτο θέσφατος ἀήρ."}]},{"lemma":"πάλλω","count":1,"glosses":["we shook"],"forms":["πάλλομεν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":"πάλλω 'shake/toss' the lots in a helmet — the standard Homeric method of drawing lots by chance.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.206","id":"b10-l206","source":"κλήρους δʼ ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλομεν ὦκα·"}]},{"lemma":"πάμπαν","count":17,"glosses":["at all","utterly","altogether","wholly"],"forms":["πάμπαν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.49","id":"b2-l49","source":"πάγχυ διαρραίσει, βίοτον δʼ ἀπὸ πάμπαν ὀλέσσει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.143","id":"b3-l143","source":"οὐδʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι πάμπαν ἑήνδανε· βούλετο γάρ ῥα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.348","id":"b3-l348","source":"ὥς τέ τευ ἦ παρὰ πάμπαν ἀνείμονος ἠδὲ πενιχροῦ,"}]},{"lemma":"πάμπρωτος","count":5,"glosses":["first of all"],"forms":["πάμπρωτον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"πάμπρωτον: intensive prefix παν- + πρῶτος, 'first of all' — epic emphasis word.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.577","id":"b4-l577","source":"νῆας μὲν πάμπρωτον ἐρύσσαμεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.780","id":"b4-l780","source":"νῆα μὲν οὖν πάμπρωτον ἁλὸς βένθοσδε ἔρυσσαν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.403","id":"b10-l403","source":"νῆα μὲν ἂρ πάμπρωτον ἐρύσσατε ἤπειρόνδε,"}]},{"lemma":"Πάνδαρος","count":2,"glosses":["of Pandareus"],"forms":["Πανδαρέου"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.518","id":"b19-l518","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρη, χλωρηῒς ἀηδών,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.66","id":"b20-l66","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρας ἀνέλοντο θύελλαι·"}]},{"lemma":"πάννυχος","count":2,"glosses":["all night long","all night"],"forms":["πάννυχος","πάννυχον"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.458","id":"b14-l458","source":"πάννυχος, αὐτὰρ ἄη Ζέφυρος μέγας αἰὲν ἔφυδρος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.53","id":"b20-l53","source":"πάννυχον ἐγρήσσοντα, κακῶν δʼ ὑποδύσεαι ἤδη."}]},{"lemma":"πάνορμος","count":1,"glosses":["all-sheltering"],"forms":["πάνορμοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"πάνορμος 'good for every mooring', a landscape epithet for safe harbors","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.195","id":"b13-l195","source":"ἀτραπιτοί τε διηνεκέες λιμένες τε πάνορμοι"}]},{"lemma":"πάντῃ","count":9,"glosses":["everywhere","in every way, all around","all around","all","on every side"],"forms":["πάντη","πάντῃ","πάντ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.383","id":"b2-l383","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ ἐικυῖα κατὰ πτόλιν ᾤχετο πάντῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.193","id":"b11-l193","source":"πάντῃ οἱ κατὰ γουνὸν ἀλωῆς οἰνοπέδοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.233","id":"b12-l233","source":"πάντῃ παπταίνοντι πρὸς ἠεροειδέα πέτρην."}]},{"lemma":"πάντοθεν","count":3,"glosses":["on every side","from every side"],"forms":["πάντοθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.270","id":"b14-l270","source":"μεῖναι ἐναντίβιον· περὶ γὰρ κακὰ πάντοθεν ἔστη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.171","id":"b17-l171","source":"πάντοθεν ἐξ ἀγρῶν, οἱ δʼ ἤγαγον οἳ τὸ πάρος περ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.439","id":"b17-l439","source":"στῆναι ἐναντίβιον· περὶ γὰρ κακὰ πάντοθεν ἔστη."}]},{"lemma":"πάντοσε","count":5,"glosses":["in all directions","everywhere","on all sides"],"forms":["πάντοσε","πάντοσ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.606","id":"b11-l606","source":"πάντοσʼ ἀτυζομένων· ὁ δʼ ἐρεμνῇ νυκτὶ ἐοικώς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.209","id":"b17-l209","source":"πάντοσε κυκλοτερές, κατὰ δὲ ψυχρὸν ῥέεν ὕδωρ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.366","id":"b17-l366","source":"πάντοσε χεῖρʼ ὀρέγων, ὡς εἰ πτωχὸς πάλαι εἴη."}]},{"lemma":"πάντως","count":2,"glosses":["utterly","altogether"],"forms":["πάντως"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.91","id":"b19-l91","source":"πάντως, θαρσαλέη, κύον ἀδεές, οὔ τί με\n                     λήθεις"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.180","id":"b20-l180","source":"πάντως οὐκέτι νῶϊ διακρινέεσθαι ὀΐω"}]},{"lemma":"πάππας","count":1,"glosses":["papa"],"forms":["πάππα"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":"πάππα, an affectionate childlike vocative for 'father' — rare intimate register in epic","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.57","id":"b6-l57","source":"πάππα φίλʼ, οὐκ ἂν δή μοι ἐφοπλίσσειας\n                     ἀπήνην"}]},{"lemma":"πάρδαλις","count":1,"glosses":["a leopard"],"forms":["πάρδαλις"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.457","id":"b4-l457","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα δράκων καὶ πάρδαλις ἠδὲ μέγας σῦς·"}]},{"lemma":"πάρειμι","count":30,"glosses":["being present","of what was at hand","passing by","to be present","are at hand","her stores, what was on hand","were present","were there","to be near","is present","are near","beside her","what was at hand","were arriving","are present","will be beside","is here","of what was on hand","lies at hand","be there, available","holds out"],"forms":["παρεόντων","παρεῖναι","παρείη","πάρεστι","πάρεστιν","παρῆσθα","παριών","παρέμμεναι","πάρα","πὰρ","παρῆεν","παρεὼν","παρέασι","παρέσσομαι","παρεόντ","παρεόντα","παρεόντι","παριὼν","πάρ"],"morphology":["present active participle, genitive plural neuter","present active infinitive","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active participle, genitive plural masculine","present active optative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, accusative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","present active participle, dative singular masculine"],"note":"optative of πάρειμι in the 'if' clause, matching ἀμυναίμην for a contrary-to-fact wish.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.140","id":"b1-l140","source":"εἴδατα πόλλʼ ἐπιθεῖσα, χαριζομένη παρεόντων·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.62","id":"b2-l62","source":"ἦ τʼ ἂν ἀμυναίμην, εἴ μοι δύναμίς γε παρείη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.56","id":"b4-l56","source":"εἴδατα πόλλʼ ἐπιθεῖσα, χαριζομένη παρεόντων."}]},{"lemma":"πάρημαι","count":8,"glosses":["sitting beside","sitting there","sitting","sitting at"],"forms":["παρήμενος","παρήμενον","παρήμενοι","παρημένω"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","present active participle, nominative dual masculine","present participle, nominative plural masculine","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present middle participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"παρημένω, dual participle matching γῦπε","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.339","id":"b1-l339","source":"τῶν ἕν γέ σφιν ἄειδε παρήμενος, οἱ δὲ σιωπῇ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.578","id":"b11-l578","source":"γῦπε δέ μιν ἑκάτερθε παρημένω ἧπαρ ἔκειρον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.407","id":"b13-l407","source":"δήεις τόν γε σύεσσι παρήμενον· αἱ δὲ νέμονται"}]},{"lemma":"πάροιθε","count":11,"glosses":["before","in front of","in front","formerly","before, first","before, in front"],"forms":["πάροιθεν","πάροιθε","πάροιθ"],"morphology":["adverb","preposition"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.322","id":"b1-l322","source":"μᾶλλον ἔτʼ ἢ τὸ πάροιθεν. ὁ δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσι νοήσας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.625","id":"b4-l625","source":"μνηστῆρες δὲ πάροιθεν Ὀδυσσῆος μεγάροιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.174","id":"b6-l174","source":"παύσεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἔτι πολλὰ θεοὶ τελέουσι πάροιθεν."}]},{"lemma":"πάροιθεϝ","count":1,"glosses":["before"],"forms":["πάροιθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.312","id":"b2-l312","source":"ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὡς τὸ πάροιθεν ἐκείρετε πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ"}]},{"lemma":"πάρος","count":49,"glosses":["before","before, formerly","before now","formerly, before","until, before","before/formerly","until","before, once","before that","as before, usually","already"],"forms":["πάρος"],"morphology":["adverb","conjunction"],"note":"πάρος here functions as 'until' governing the infinitive ἱκέσθαι, a common epic construction.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.21","id":"b1-l21","source":"ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι πάρος ἣν γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.119","id":"b2-l119","source":"τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν ἐυπλοκαμῖδες Ἀχαιαί,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.127","id":"b2-l127","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ οὔτʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα πάρος γʼ ἴμεν οὔτε πῃ ἄλλῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"πάσσαλος","count":4,"glosses":["on a peg","a peg","the peg","peg"],"forms":["πασσαλόφι","πασσάλῳ","πασσάλου"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"πασσαλόφι, an old instrumental/locative case-form in -φι, archaic even for Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.440","id":"b1-l440","source":"πασσάλῳ ἀγκρεμάσασα παρὰ τρητοῖσι λέχεσσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.67","id":"b8-l67","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα λίγειαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.105","id":"b8-l105","source":"κὰδ δʼ ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα λίγειαν,"}]},{"lemma":"πάσσω","count":1,"glosses":["tasted"],"forms":["πάσαντο"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.364","id":"b12-l364","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρʼ ἐκάη καὶ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο,"}]},{"lemma":"πάσσων","count":5,"glosses":["broader","sturdier","stouter","fuller"],"forms":["πάσσονα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","accusative singular feminine comparative adjective"],"note":"πάσσονα, comparative of παχύς, 'stouter/fuller' — divine enhancement of Penelope's stature.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.230","id":"b6-l230","source":"μείζονά τʼ εἰσιδέειν καὶ πάσσονα, κὰδ δὲ κάρητος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.20","id":"b8-l20","source":"καί μιν μακρότερον καὶ πάσσονα θῆκεν ἰδέσθαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.195","id":"b18-l195","source":"καί μιν μακροτέρην καὶ πάσσονα θῆκεν ἰδέσθαι,"}]},{"lemma":"πάσχω","count":81,"glosses":["suffering","having suffered","suffered","to suffer","I suffered","you suffered","we suffered","you suffer","you have suffered","suffers","may suffer","he suffered","I will suffer","they suffer","you were suffering","he suffer","will befall","I may suffer","I suffer","he will suffer","they suffered","we might suffer","suffer","you endured","having met with","we suffer","had endured","might suffer","has suffered","I have suffered","will suffer","should suffer","he had suffered","do you 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2nd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, third singular","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","future indicative, 1st singular verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active infinitive","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active optative, 1st plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, genitive singular masculine","perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","perfect active participle, dative singular feminine","aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","future middle infinitive","present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","present active indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":"subjunctive after μή in a negative purpose/fear clause: 'lest they suffer.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.4","id":"b1-l4","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.49","id":"b1-l49","source":"δυσμόρῳ, ὃς δὴ δηθὰ φίλων ἄπο πήματα πάσχει"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.190","id":"b1-l190","source":"ἔρχεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀπάνευθεν ἐπʼ ἀγροῦ πήματα πάσχειν"}]},{"lemma":"πάτηρ","count":25,"glosses":["father","father (address)","father (sir)"],"forms":["πάτερ"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":"vocative πάτερ, direct address opening Telemachus's reply to Odysseus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.341","id":"b4-l341","source":"αἲ γάρ, Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.28","id":"b7-l28","source":"τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, ξεῖνε πάτερ, δόμον, ὅν με κελεύεις,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.48","id":"b7-l48","source":"οὗτος δή τοι, ξεῖνε πάτερ, δόμος, ὅν με\n                     κελεύεις"}]},{"lemma":"πάτος","count":1,"glosses":["track"],"forms":["πάτος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.119","id":"b9-l119","source":"ἄγριαι· οὐ μὲν γὰρ πάτος ἀνθρώπων ἀπερύκει,"}]},{"lemma":"πάτρη","count":6,"glosses":["homeland","native land","from his homeland","of homeland","country"],"forms":["πάτρης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.365","id":"b2-l365","source":"μοῦνος ἐὼν ἀγαπητός; ὁ δʼ ὤλετο τηλόθι πάτρης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.223","id":"b7-l223","source":"ὥς κʼ ἐμὲ τὸν δύστηνον ἐμῆς ἐπιβήσετε πάτρης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.318","id":"b17-l318","source":"νῦν δʼ ἔχεται κακότητι, ἄναξ δέ οἱ ἄλλοθι πάτρης"}]},{"lemma":"Πάτροκλος","count":4,"glosses":["Patroklos","Patroclus","of Patroklos"],"forms":["Πάτροκλος","Πατροκλῆος","Πατρόκλοιο","Πάτροκλόν"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.110","id":"b3-l110","source":"ἔνθα δὲ Πάτροκλος, θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.16","id":"b24-l16","source":"καὶ Πατροκλῆος καὶ ἀμύμονος Ἀντιλόχοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.77","id":"b24-l77","source":"μίγδα δὲ Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος,"}]},{"lemma":"Πάφος","count":1,"glosses":["Paphos"],"forms":["Πάφον"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Aphrodite's famed cult site on Cyprus","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.363","id":"b8-l363","source":"ἐς Πάφον· ἔνθα δέ οἱ τέμενος βωμός τε θυήεις."}]},{"lemma":"πάχετος","count":2,"glosses":["thicker","thick"],"forms":["πάχετον","πάχετος"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.187","id":"b8-l187","source":"μείζονα καὶ πάχετον, στιβαρώτερον οὐκ ὀλίγον περ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.191","id":"b23-l191","source":"ἀκμηνὸς θαλέθων· πάχετος δʼ ἦν ἠΰτε κίων."}]},{"lemma":"πάχνη","count":1,"glosses":["hoarfrost"],"forms":["πάχνη"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.476","id":"b14-l476","source":"πηγυλίς· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε χιὼν γένετʼ ἠΰτε πάχνη,"}]},{"lemma":"πάχος","count":1,"glosses":["thickness"],"forms":["πάχος"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.324","id":"b9-l324","source":"τόσσον ἔην μῆκος, τόσσον πάχος εἰσοράασθαι."}]},{"lemma":"πᾶς","count":537,"glosses":["all","to all","of all","everything","all things","for all","whole","all of them","over all","all, whole","every","among all","whole, all","all (of them)","all over","in every way","wholly","on all","every one","all (people)","in everything","all women","above all of them","all (the nymphs)","for each","in all things","everyone","other","all of us","upon all","of her whole length","whole, entire","anything","whole, entirely","in everyone's","to everyone","all, everything","to each","all (your skin)","all of you","of all things","altogether","all of it","at all","of it all","with his whole","the whole","all, the whole"],"forms":["πάντα","πάντες","πάντας","πάντων","πᾶσιν","πᾶσι","πάντ","πάντεσσι","πᾶσαι","πᾶσαν","πάσας","πᾶν","πάσης","πάντεσσιν","πασέων","πάνθ","πᾶσα","παντὶ","πᾶσ","πᾶς","πασάων","πᾶσαί","πάσαις"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective","genitive plural feminine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","genitive plural neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","dative singular neuter adjective","vocative plural masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","dative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"πᾶσα agrees w/ ship, 'she wholly reeled' — the whole vessel shaken","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.11","id":"b1-l11","source":"ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν\n                  ὄλεθρον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.43","id":"b1-l43","source":"πεῖθʼ ἀγαθὰ φρονέων· νῦν δʼ ἁθρόα πάντʼ ἀπέτισεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.53","id":"b1-l53","source":"πάσης βένθεα οἶδεν, ἔχει δέ τε κίονας αὐτὸς"}]},{"lemma":"παγχάλκεος","count":4,"glosses":["all-bronze","all bronze"],"forms":["παγχάλκεον","πάγχαλκος","πάγχαλκον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.403","id":"b8-l403","source":"δώσω οἱ τόδʼ ἄορ παγχάλκεον, ᾧ ἔπι κώπη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.575","id":"b11-l575","source":"χερσὶν ἔχων ῥόπαλον παγχάλκεον, αἰὲν ἀαγές."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.378","id":"b18-l378","source":"καὶ κυνέη πάγχαλκος, ἐπὶ κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖα,"}]},{"lemma":"παίζω","count":5,"glosses":["began to play","play","playing","dance/play","dancing"],"forms":["ἔπαιζον","παίζουσι","παιζούσας","παίσατε","παιζόντων"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, accusative plural feminine","aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","present active participle, genitive plural masculine"],"note":"παίζω imperative — command to begin the dance display for the guest","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.100","id":"b6-l100","source":"σφαίρῃ ταὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπαιζον, ἀπὸ κρήδεμνα βαλοῦσαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.106","id":"b6-l106","source":"ἀγρονόμοι παίζουσι, γέγηθε δέ τε φρένα Λητώ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.291","id":"b7-l291","source":"παιζούσας, ἐν δʼ αὐτὴ ἔην ἐικυῖα θεῇσι·"}]},{"lemma":"παίς","count":1,"glosses":["children"],"forms":["παῖδες"],"morphology":["vocative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.475","id":"b3-l475","source":"παῖδες ἐμοί, ἄγε Τηλεμάχῳ καλλίτριχας ἵππους"}]},{"lemma":"παῖς","count":128,"glosses":["son","sons","children","child","a son","a child","daughter","of sons","to children","his son","for his son","to his son","of her son","as a child","the son","a boy","of children","to my son","a daughter","as a son","child, daughter","sons (vocative)","boy","two sons","of my son","for my children","boy, son","as child, son","son's","our child","child's","her child","my son","of the son","of his son"],"forms":["πάϊς","παιδὸς","παιδὶ","παῖδα","παῖδες","παῖδ","παῖς","παίδων","παῖδά","παιδί","παίδεσσι","παῖδε","παισὶν","παίδεσσιν","παιδός","παῖ","παισί","παισὶ","παῖδάς","πάϊ","παῖδας"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","accusative dual masculine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","vocative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","vocative plural masculine noun"],"note":"παιδός genitive after ἐπί 'go with/attend upon' a daughter, i.e. bridal gifts accompanying her.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.207","id":"b1-l207","source":"εἰ δὴ ἐξ αὐτοῖο τόσος πάϊς εἰς Ὀδυσῆος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.240","id":"b1-l240","source":"ἠδέ κε καὶ ᾧ παιδὶ μέγα κλέος ἤρατʼ ὀπίσσω."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.278","id":"b1-l278","source":"πολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα ἔοικε φίλης ἐπὶ παιδὸς ἕπεσθαι."}]},{"lemma":"παιδνός","count":2,"glosses":["a boy","being a child"],"forms":["παιδνὸς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.21","id":"b21-l21","source":"παιδνὸς ἐών· πρὸ γὰρ ἧκε πατὴρ ἄλλοι τε γέροντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.338","id":"b24-l338","source":"παιδνὸς ἐών, κατὰ κῆπον ἐπισπόμενος· διὰ δʼ αὐτῶν"}]},{"lemma":"Παιήων","count":1,"glosses":["Paeon"],"forms":["Παιήονός"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"Paeon, the healing god later merged with Apollo; genitive marks descent","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.232","id":"b4-l232","source":"ἀνθρώπων· ἦ γὰρ Παιήονός εἰσι γενέθλης."}]},{"lemma":"παιπαλόεις","count":9,"glosses":["rugged","rugged, craggy"],"forms":["παιπαλόεσσαν","παιπαλοέσσης"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"παιπαλόεις, 'craggy, rugged' — vivid epithet for a rocky island's terrain","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.170","id":"b3-l170","source":"ἢ καθύπερθε Χίοιο νεοίμεθα παιπαλοέσσης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.671","id":"b4-l671","source":"ἐν πορθμῷ Ἰθάκης τε Σάμοιό τε παιπαλοέσσης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.845","id":"b4-l845","source":"μεσσηγὺς Ἰθάκης τε Σάμοιό τε παιπαλοέσσης,"}]},{"lemma":"παλάμη","count":7,"glosses":["hands","in her hand","in his hand","palms","in grip","his hands"],"forms":["παλάμῃσι","παλάμῃ","παλάμηφιν","παλαμάων"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun"],"note":"παλάμηφιν: archaic -φι(ν) case ending (dative/locative/instrumental in force) attached to παλάμη \"hand, palm\" — a relic epic case form, here functioning as the fixed dative","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.104","id":"b1-l104","source":"οὐδοῦ ἐπʼ αὐλείου· παλάμῃ δʼ ἔχε χάλκεον ἔγχος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.10","id":"b2-l10","source":"βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν εἰς ἀγορήν, παλάμῃ δʼ ἔχε χάλκεον ἔγχος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.234","id":"b5-l234","source":"δῶκέν οἱ πέλεκυν μέγαν, ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃσι,"}]},{"lemma":"παλάσσω","count":5,"glosses":["to draw lots","will spatter","caked","spattered","was spattered"],"forms":["πεπαλαγμένον","πεπαλάσθαι","παλαξέμεν","πεπάλακτο"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive infinitive","future active infinitive","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"perfect middle infinitive πεπαλάσθαι, 'to have shaken/drawn lots' — used of casting lots in a helmet","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.331","id":"b9-l331","source":"αὐτὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους κλήρῳ πεπαλάσθαι ἄνωγον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.395","id":"b13-l395","source":"αἵματί τʼ ἐγκεφάλῳ τε παλαξέμεν ἄσπετον οὖδας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.184","id":"b22-l184","source":"τῇ δʼ ἑτέρῃ σάκος εὐρὺ γέρον, πεπαλαγμένον ἄζῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"παλαίφατος","count":3,"glosses":["long-foretold","of old fame"],"forms":["παλαίφατα","παλαιφάτου"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"epithet formed from πάλαι 'long ago' + φημί 'spoken', modifying θέσφατα","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.507","id":"b9-l507","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δή με παλαίφατα θέσφαθʼ ἱκάνει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.172","id":"b13-l172","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δή με παλαίφατα θέσφαθʼ\n                     ἱκάνει"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.163","id":"b19-l163","source":"οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ δρυός ἐσσι παλαιφάτου οὐδʼ ἀπὸ πέτρης."}]},{"lemma":"παλαίω","count":2,"glosses":["wrestled"],"forms":["ἐπάλαισεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.343","id":"b4-l343","source":"ἐξ ἔριδος Φιλομηλεΐδῃ ἐπάλαισεν ἀναστάς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.134","id":"b17-l134","source":"ἐξ ἔριδος Φιλομηλεΐδῃ ἐπάλαισεν ἀναστάς,"}]},{"lemma":"παλαιγενής","count":1,"glosses":["aged"],"forms":["παλαιγενές"],"morphology":["vocative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.395","id":"b22-l395","source":"δεῦρο δὴ ὄρσο, γρηῢ παλαιγενές, ἥ τε\n                     γυναικῶν"}]},{"lemma":"παλαιός","count":12,"glosses":["old","old things","of the women of old","of an old","aged","ancient things"],"forms":["παλαιά","παλαιοῦ","παλαιοί","παλαιαί","παλαιῶν","παλαιή"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","genitive plural feminine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular neuter adjective"],"note":"παλαιῶν implied 'women' from context — genitive of comparison/source, 'among the ancients.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.395","id":"b1-l395","source":"πολλοὶ ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ, νέοι ἠδὲ παλαιοί,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.118","id":"b2-l118","source":"κέρδεά θʼ, οἷʼ οὔ πώ τινʼ ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.188","id":"b2-l188","source":"αἴ κε νεώτερον ἄνδρα παλαιά τε πολλά τε εἰδὼς"}]},{"lemma":"παλαισμοσύνη","count":2,"glosses":["in wrestling","of wrestling"],"forms":["παλαιμοσύνῃ","παλαιμοσύνης"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.103","id":"b8-l103","source":"πύξ τε παλαιμοσύνῃ τε καὶ ἅλμασιν ἠδὲ πόδεσσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.126","id":"b8-l126","source":"οἱ δὲ παλαιμοσύνης ἀλεγεινῆς πειρήσαντο·"}]},{"lemma":"παλαιστής","count":1,"glosses":["wrestlers"],"forms":["παλαισταί"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.246","id":"b8-l246","source":"οὐ γὰρ πυγμάχοι εἰμὲν ἀμύμονες οὐδὲ παλαισταί,"}]},{"lemma":"παλίντιτος","count":2,"glosses":["of requital","requital"],"forms":["παλίντιτα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"παλίντιτα, 'paid back in turn' — a compound built on 'again' + 'pay', naming exact retributive justice.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.379","id":"b1-l379","source":"αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς δῷσι παλίντιτα ἔργα γενέσθαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.144","id":"b2-l144","source":"αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς δῷσι παλίντιτα ἔργα γενέσθαι."}]},{"lemma":"παλίντονος","count":2,"glosses":["back-bent"],"forms":["παλίντονον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"παλίντονος 'bent back', epic epithet for the recurved hunting bow","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.11","id":"b21-l11","source":"ἔνθα δὲ τόξον κεῖτο παλίντονον ἠδὲ φαρέτρη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.59","id":"b21-l59","source":"τόξον ἔχουσʼ ἐν χειρὶ παλίντονον ἠδὲ φαρέτρην"}]},{"lemma":"παλιμπετής","count":1,"glosses":["back again, foiled"],"forms":["παλιμπετὲς"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"παλιμπετές, adverbial 'back the way they came' — captures the suitors' failed ambush","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.27","id":"b5-l27","source":"μνηστῆρες δʼ ἐν νηὶ· παλιμπετὲς ἀπονέωνται."}]},{"lemma":"παλιμπλάζομαι","count":1,"glosses":["driven astray"],"forms":["παλιμπλαγχθέντα"],"morphology":["aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"aorist passive participle of παλιμπλάζομαι, 'made to wander back off course' - echoes Odysseus's whole journey.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.5","id":"b13-l5","source":"ὑψερεφές, τῷ σʼ οὔ τι παλιμπλαγχθέντα γʼ ὀΐω"}]},{"lemma":"παλιρρόθιος","count":2,"glosses":["backwash","backward-rushing"],"forms":["παλιρρόθιον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"παλιρρόθιον, 'the backward-rushing wave/undertow', vivid nautical term","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.430","id":"b5-l430","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν ὣς ὑπάλυξε, παλιρρόθιον δέ μιν αὖτις"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.485","id":"b9-l485","source":"τὴν δʼ αἶψʼ ἤπειρόνδε παλιρρόθιον φέρε κῦμα,"}]},{"lemma":"Παλλάς","count":25,"glosses":["Pallas"],"forms":["Παλλὰς","Παλλάδ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, standard double-name formula for the goddess.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.125","id":"b1-l125","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν ἡγεῖθʼ, ἡ δʼ ἕσπετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.252","id":"b1-l252","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐπαλαστήσασα προσηύδα Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.327","id":"b1-l327","source":"λυγρόν, ὃν ἐκ Τροίης ἐπετείλατο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη."}]},{"lemma":"παλλάς","count":1,"glosses":["Pallas"],"forms":["Παλλὰς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Epic epithet-name pair Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη forms a fixed formula filling the verse-end.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.1","id":"b15-l1","source":"ἡ δʼ εἰς εὐρύχορον Λακεδαίμονα Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη"}]},{"lemma":"παλλακίς","count":1,"glosses":["concubine"],"forms":["παλλακίς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.203","id":"b14-l203","source":"παλλακίς, ἀλλά με ἶσον ἰθαιγενέεσσιν ἐτίμα"}]},{"lemma":"παλύνω","count":4,"glosses":["sprinkle","I sprinkled","sprinkled","sprinkling"],"forms":["παλύνειν","πάλυνον","πάλυνεν","παλύνας"],"morphology":["present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.520","id":"b10-l520","source":"τὸ τρίτον αὖθʼ ὕδατι· ἐπὶ δʼ ἄλφιτα λευκὰ παλύνειν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.28","id":"b11-l28","source":"τὸ τρίτον αὖθʼ ὕδατι· ἐπὶ δʼ ἄλφιτα λευκὰ πάλυνον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.77","id":"b14-l77","source":"θέρμʼ αὐτοῖς ὀβελοῖσιν· ὁ δʼ ἄλφιτα λευκὰ πάλυνεν·"}]},{"lemma":"παμμέλας","count":3,"glosses":["all-black","all black"],"forms":["παμμέλαν","παμμέλανας"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"παμμέλας, an intensified compound ('all'+'black') suiting an offering to chthonic powers.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.6","id":"b3-l6","source":"ταύρους παμμέλανας, ἐνοσίχθονι κυανοχαίτῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.525","id":"b10-l525","source":"παμμέλανʼ, ὃς μήλοισι μεταπρέπει ὑμετέροισιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.33","id":"b11-l33","source":"παμμέλανʼ, ὃς μήλοισι μεταπρέπει 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παμφανόωντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.386","id":"b19-l386","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, γρηῢς δὲ λέβηθʼ ἕλε παμφανόωντα"}]},{"lemma":"πανάπαλος","count":1,"glosses":["delicate"],"forms":["παναπάλῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.223","id":"b13-l223","source":"παναπάλῳ, οἷοί τε ἀνάκτων παῖδες ἔασι,"}]},{"lemma":"πανάργυρος","count":2,"glosses":["all silver","all-silver"],"forms":["πανάργυρον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.203","id":"b9-l203","source":"δῶκε δέ μοι κρητῆρα πανάργυρον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.275","id":"b24-l275","source":"δῶκα δέ οἱ κρητῆρα πανάργυρον ἀνθεμόεντα,"}]},{"lemma":"Παναχαιοί","count":3,"glosses":["the Achaeans","Achaeans","all the Achaeans"],"forms":["Παναχαιοί"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine 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ἔχοντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.356","id":"b4-l356","source":"τόσσον ἄνευθʼ ὅσσον τε πανημερίη γλαφυρὴ νηῦς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.11","id":"b11-l11","source":"τῆς δὲ πανημερίης τέταθʼ ἱστία ποντοπορούσης·"}]},{"lemma":"πανθυμαδόν","count":1,"glosses":["with all their spirit"],"forms":["πανθυμαδὸν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.33","id":"b18-l33","source":"οὐδοῦ ἔπι ξεστοῦ πανθυμαδὸν ὀκριόωντο."}]},{"lemma":"παννύχιος","count":4,"glosses":["all night long"],"forms":["παννύχιος","παννυχίη"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"Adjective used adverbially, agreeing with the (feminine) ship.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.443","id":"b1-l443","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γε παννύχιος, κεκαλυμμένος οἰὸς ἀώτῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.434","id":"b2-l434","source":"παννυχίη μέν ῥʼ ἥ γε καὶ ἠῶ πεῖρε κέλευθον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.288","id":"b7-l288","source":"εὗδον παννύχιος καὶ ἐπʼ ἠῶ καὶ μέσον ἦμαρ."}]},{"lemma":"Πανοπεύς","count":1,"glosses":["Panopeus"],"forms":["Πανοπῆος"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.581","id":"b11-l581","source":"Πυθώδʼ ἐρχομένην διὰ καλλιχόρου Πανοπῆος."}]},{"lemma":"παντοῖος","count":20,"glosses":["of every kind","every kind of","of all kinds","in every guise"],"forms":["παντοίην","παντοίων","παντοίοισι","παντοίῃς","παντοῖαι","παντοίοις","παντοίη","παντοῖοι","παντοίας"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","genitive plural neuter adjective","dative plural feminine adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.142","id":"b1-l142","source":"παντοίων, παρὰ δέ σφι τίθει χρύσεια κύπελλα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.119","id":"b3-l119","source":"παντοίοισι δόλοισι, μόγις δʼ ἐτέλεσσε Κρονίων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.122","id":"b3-l122","source":"παντοίοισι δόλοισι, πατὴρ τεός, εἰ ἐτεόν γε"}]},{"lemma":"πανύστατος","count":1,"glosses":["very last"],"forms":["πανύστατος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.452","id":"b9-l452","source":"ἑσπέριος· νῦν αὖτε πανύστατος. ἦ σύ γʼ ἄνακτος"}]},{"lemma":"πανυπέρτατος","count":1,"glosses":["highest up"],"forms":["πανυπερτάτη"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine 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ἀμοιβάς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.416","id":"b21-l416","source":"εἵλετο δʼ ὠκὺν ὀϊστόν, ὅ οἱ παρέκειτο τραπέζῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.65","id":"b22-l65","source":"νῦν ὑμῖν παράκειται ἐναντίον ἠὲ μάχεσθαι"}]},{"lemma":"παράκοιτις","count":9,"glosses":["wife","bedmate, wife","the wife","consort"],"forms":["παράκοιτιν","παράκοιτις","παρακοίτι"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"παράκοιτις, \"bedfellow, wife\" — Polydamna, wife of the Egyptian Thon, source of Helen's exotic drug lore.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.381","id":"b3-l381","source":"αὐτῷ καὶ παίδεσσι καὶ αἰδοίῃ παρακοίτι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.451","id":"b3-l451","source":"θυγατέρες τε νυοί τε καὶ αἰδοίη παράκοιτις"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.228","id":"b4-l228","source":"ἐσθλά, τά οἱ Πολύδαμνα πόρεν, Θῶνος παράκοιτις"}]},{"lemma":"παράφημι","count":3,"glosses":["beguiling","win over","put off"],"forms":["παρφάσθαι","παρφάμενος"],"morphology":["present middle infinitive","present participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"παράφημι 'speak amiss/beside the point,' i.e. mislead with words — accuses the seer of manipulating Telemachus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.189","id":"b2-l189","source":"παρφάμενος ἐπέεσσιν ἐποτρύνῃς χαλεπαίνειν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.287","id":"b16-l287","source":"παρφάσθαι, ὅτε κέν σε μεταλλῶσιν ποθέοντες·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.6","id":"b19-l6","source":"παρφάσθαι, ὅτε κέν σε μεταλλῶσιν ποθέοντες·"}]},{"lemma":"παραγίγνομαι","count":1,"glosses":["attended, was present"],"forms":["παρεγίγνετο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular 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ἀπατήσω,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.139","id":"b17-l139","source":"ἄλλα παρὲξ εἴποιμι παρακλιδὸν οὐδʼ ἀπατήσω,"}]},{"lemma":"παραλέγω","count":1,"glosses":["lay with her"],"forms":["παρελέξατο"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.242","id":"b11-l242","source":"ἐν προχοῇς ποταμοῦ παρελέξατο δινήεντος·"}]},{"lemma":"παραμείβω","count":1,"glosses":["passing by"],"forms":["παραμειψάμενος"],"morphology":["aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"aorist middle participle παραμείβω, 'having passed beside'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.310","id":"b6-l310","source":"τὸν παραμειψάμενος μητρὸς περὶ γούνασι χεῖρας"}]},{"lemma":"παραμίμνω","count":2,"glosses":["lingered","staying on"],"forms":["παρέμιμνεν","παραμίμνων"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.297","id":"b2-l297","source":"Τηλέμαχος παρέμιμνεν, ἐπεὶ θεοῦ ἔκλυεν αὐδήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.115","id":"b3-l115","source":"οὐδʼ εἰ πεντάετές γε καὶ ἑξάετες παραμίμνων"}]},{"lemma":"παρανήχομαι","count":1,"glosses":["I swim along"],"forms":["παρανήξομαι"],"morphology":["aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb"],"note":"παρανήξομαι: subjunctive with short vowel, epic aorist subjunctive spelled like a future — 'if I swim on further.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.417","id":"b5-l417","source":"εἰ δέ κʼ ἔτι προτέρω παρανήξομαι, ἤν που ἐφεύρω"}]},{"lemma":"παρανηνέω","count":2,"glosses":["heaped up"],"forms":["παρενήνεον","παρενήνεεν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.147","id":"b1-l147","source":"σῖτον δὲ δμῳαὶ παρενήνεον ἐν κανέοισιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.51","id":"b16-l51","source":"σῖτον δʼ ἐσσυμένως παρενήνεεν ἐν κανέοισιν,"}]},{"lemma":"παραπέμπω","count":1,"glosses":["sent past"],"forms":["παρέπεμψεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.72","id":"b12-l72","source":"ἀλλʼ Ἥρη παρέπεμψεν, ἐπεὶ φίλος ἦεν Ἰήσων."}]},{"lemma":"παραπείθω","count":3,"glosses":["having persuaded, beguiled","persuade, win over","persuading"],"forms":["παρπεπιθὼν","παραιπεπίθῃσιν","παρπεπιθόντες"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"παρα- prefix nuance: 'led astray by persuasion,' not honest persuasion","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.290","id":"b14-l290","source":"ὅς μʼ ἄγε παρπεπιθὼν ᾗσι φρεσίν, ὄφρʼ ἱκόμεσθα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.213","id":"b22-l213","source":"Μέντορ, μή σʼ ἐπέεσσι παραιπεπίθῃσιν\n                     Ὀδυσσεὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.119","id":"b24-l119","source":"σπουδῇ παρπεπιθόντες Ὀδυσσῆα πτολίπορθον."}]},{"lemma":"παραπλάζω","count":3,"glosses":["forced astray","blowing off course","warped"],"forms":["παρέπλαγξεν","παραπλάγξασα"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"παρέπλαγξεν, aorist of παραπλάζω 'make go astray', here of minds: 'unhinged'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.81","id":"b9-l81","source":"καὶ Βορέης ἀπέωσε, παρέπλαγξεν δὲ Κυθήρων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.187","id":"b19-l187","source":"ἱέμενον Τροίηνδε παραπλάγξασα Μαλειῶν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.346","id":"b20-l346","source":"ἄσβεστον γέλω ὦρσε, παρέπλαγξεν δὲ νόημα."}]},{"lemma":"παραπλέω","count":1,"glosses":["sailed past"],"forms":["παρέπλω"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.69","id":"b12-l69","source":"οἴη δὴ κείνη γε παρέπλω ποντοπόρος νηῦς,"}]},{"lemma":"παραπλήξ","count":2,"glosses":["shelving","shelving, sloping"],"forms":["παραπλῆγας"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.418","id":"b5-l418","source":"ἠιόνας τε παραπλῆγας λιμένας τε θαλάσσης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.440","id":"b5-l440","source":"ἠιόνας τε παραπλῆγας λιμένας τε θαλάσσης."}]},{"lemma":"παραπνέω","count":1,"glosses":["leak out"],"forms":["παραπνεύσῃ"],"morphology":["aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Subjunctive of purpose; vivid physical image of wind escaping the bag.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.24","id":"b10-l24","source":"ἀργυρέῃ, ἵνα μή τι παραπνεύσῃ ὀλίγον περ·"}]},{"lemma":"παρασταδόν","count":3,"glosses":["standing beside"],"forms":["παρασταδὸν"],"morphology":["preposition","adverb"],"note":"παρασταδόν, 'standing near,' a vivid formulaic detail of Odysseus moving man to man as he rouses each one.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.173","id":"b10-l173","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσι παρασταδὸν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.547","id":"b10-l547","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσι παρασταδὸν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.207","id":"b12-l207","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσι παρασταδὸν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον·"}]},{"lemma":"παρατεκταίνομαι","count":1,"glosses":["would frame up"],"forms":["παρατεκτήναιο"],"morphology":["aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"παρατεκτήναιο, aorist middle optative — 'fabricate/invent,' a rare compound verb built on τέκτων 'craftsman.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.131","id":"b14-l131","source":"αἶψά κε καὶ σύ, γεραιέ, ἔπος παρατεκτήναιο."}]},{"lemma":"παρατίθημι","count":25,"glosses":["set beside","set before","set before them","risking","set out","sets before him","she had set by","staking","had been served","set before (him)","handed over","I would set before","set before him","had set by","had set before","had set beside her"],"forms":["παρέθηκε","παρέθηκεν","παρθέμενοι","παραθεῖτο","παραθείμην","παρτιθεῖ","πάρθεσαν","παρέθηχ","παρέθηκ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"παρθέμενοι, aorist middle participle of παρατίθημι 'set beside/risk', vivid metaphor of staking one's own life.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.139","id":"b1-l139","source":"σῖτον δʼ αἰδοίη ταμίη παρέθηκε φέρουσα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.141","id":"b1-l141","source":"δαιτρὸς δὲ κρειῶν πίνακας παρέθηκεν ἀείρας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.192","id":"b1-l192","source":"παρτιθεῖ, εὖτʼ ἄν μιν κάματος κατὰ γυῖα λάβῃσιν"}]},{"lemma":"παρατροπέω","count":1,"glosses":["turning aside/evading"],"forms":["παρατροπέων"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"παρατροπέω 'turn (someone) aside/mislead' — accuses Proteus of deflecting with a rhetorical question","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.465","id":"b4-l465","source":"οἶσθα, γέρον, τί με ταῦτα παρατροπέων ἐρεείνεις;"}]},{"lemma":"παραυδάω","count":4,"glosses":["console","addressing kindly","speaking fair","urge"],"forms":["παραύδα","παραυδήσας","παραυδῶν"],"morphology":["present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"παραύδα, present imperative 'do not keep consoling' — Achilles rejects Odysseus's comfort.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.488","id":"b11-l488","source":"μὴ δή μοι θάνατόν γε παραύδα, φαίδιμʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.53","id":"b15-l53","source":"καὶ μύθοις ἀγανοῖσι παραυδήσας ἀποπέμψῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.279","id":"b16-l279","source":"μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσι παραυδῶν· οἱ δέ τοι οὔ τι"}]},{"lemma":"παραφεύγω","count":1,"glosses":["to have fled past"],"forms":["παρφυγέειν"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive"],"note":"παρφυγέειν, epic aorist infinitive of παραφεύγω — 'boast to have escaped', completing εὐχετόωνται.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.99","id":"b12-l99","source":"παρφυγέειν σὺν νηί· φέρει δέ τε κρατὶ ἑκάστῳ"}]},{"lemma":"παρέζομαι","count":2,"glosses":["sitting beside"],"forms":["παρεζόμενος"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"Middle participle παρεζόμενος: 'seating himself beside' — the middle voice stresses his own posture/action.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.738","id":"b4-l738","source":"Λαέρτῃ τάδε πάντα παρεζόμενος καταλέξῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.334","id":"b20-l334","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε, σῇ τάδε μητρὶ παρεζόμενος κατάλεξον,"}]},{"lemma":"παρέλκω","count":2,"glosses":["she drew out","delay, put off"],"forms":["παρέλκετο","παρέλκετε"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"παρέλκετο 'drew along/out' = strung suitors along for gifts, epic irony of Penelope's ruse","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.282","id":"b18-l282","source":"οὕνεκα τῶν μὲν δῶρα παρέλκετο, θέλγε δὲ θυμὸν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.111","id":"b21-l111","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μὴ μύνῃσι παρέλκετε μηδʼ ἔτι τόξου"}]},{"lemma":"παρέξ","count":14,"glosses":["past","aside","alongside, outside","alongside","aside, off","clear of, beside","past, beyond","beside the point","idly, wildly"],"forms":["παρὲξ","παρὲκ","παρέξ"],"morphology":["preposition","adverb"],"note":"παρέξ + μεμνώμεθα, 'let us remember other things beside [this]' — a gentle deflection from painful talk","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.348","id":"b4-l348","source":"ἄλλα παρὲξ εἴποιμι παρακλιδόν, οὐδʼ ἀπατήσω,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.439","id":"b5-l439","source":"νῆχε παρέξ, ἐς γαῖαν ὁρώμενος, εἴ που ἐφεύροι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.116","id":"b9-l116","source":"νῆσος ἔπειτα λάχεια παρὲκ λιμένος\n                     τετάνυσται,"}]},{"lemma":"παρέρχομαι","count":5,"glosses":["passed by","might pass","pass by","could get past","passing by"],"forms":["παρῆλθε","παρέλθῃ","παρέρχεται","παρέλθοι","παρερχομένην"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine"],"note":"Aorist optative expressing potential: 'could slip past you', i.e. deceive you.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.429","id":"b5-l429","source":"τῆς ἔχετο στενάχων, ἧος μέγα κῦμα παρῆλθε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.230","id":"b8-l230","source":"οἴοισιν δείδοικα ποσὶν μή τίς με παρέλθῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.62","id":"b12-l62","source":"τῇ μέν τʼ οὐδὲ ποτητὰ παρέρχεται οὐδὲ πέλειαι"}]},{"lemma":"παρέχω","count":11,"glosses":["they furnish","to provide","will provide","supplied","shows","provides","grant","will furnish","I would furnish","yields","giving"],"forms":["παρέξω","παρέχουσιν","παρασχεῖν","παρεῖχον","παράσχῃ","παρέχει","παρέχωσι","παρέχοιμι","παρέχῃ","παρέχουσαι"],"morphology":["future active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","present active optative, 1st singular verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative plural feminine"],"note":"subjunctive in a general temporal clause, 'as long as gods provide'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.89","id":"b4-l89","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ παρέχουσιν ἐπηετανὸν γάλα θῆσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.28","id":"b6-l28","source":"ἕννυσθαι, τὰ δὲ τοῖσι παρασχεῖν, οἵ κέ σʼ ἄγωνται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.39","id":"b8-l39","source":"ἡμέτερόνδʼ ἐλθόντες· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐὺ πᾶσι παρέξω."}]},{"lemma":"παρειά","count":14,"glosses":["cheeks","her cheeks","his cheeks"],"forms":["παρειάων","παρειῶν","παρειὰς","παρειάς","παρειαί"],"morphology":["genitive plural feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"closes the simile: her cheeks 'waste' just as Odysseus wept - the tenor returns next line","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.334","id":"b1-l334","source":"ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.153","id":"b2-l153","source":"δρυψαμένω δʼ ὀνύχεσσι παρειὰς ἀμφί τε δειρὰς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.198","id":"b4-l198","source":"κείρασθαί τε κόμην βαλέειν τʼ ἀπὸ δάκρυ παρειῶν."}]},{"lemma":"παρελαύνω","count":2,"glosses":["passed by","rowed past"],"forms":["παρήλασε","παρήλασαν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.186","id":"b12-l186","source":"οὐ γάρ πώ τις τῇδε παρήλασε νηὶ μελαίνῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.197","id":"b12-l197","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τάς γε παρήλασαν, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἔπειτα"}]},{"lemma":"παρεξέρχομαι","count":3,"glosses":["to slip past","to evade","passing by"],"forms":["παρεξελθεῖν","παρεξελθοῦσα"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"παρεξέρχομαι 'go past/beside,' i.e. evade — a vivid compound for outwitting Zeus's plan.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.104","id":"b5-l104","source":"οὔτε παρεξελθεῖν ἄλλον θεὸν οὔθʼ ἁλιῶσαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.138","id":"b5-l138","source":"οὔτε παρεξελθεῖν ἄλλον θεὸν οὔθʼ ἁλιῶσαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.573","id":"b10-l573","source":"ῥεῖα παρεξελθοῦσα· τίς ἂν θεὸν οὐκ ἐθέλοντα"}]},{"lemma":"παρεξελαύνω","count":1,"glosses":["drive past"],"forms":["παρεξελάαν"],"morphology":["present active infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.47","id":"b12-l47","source":"ἀλλὰ παρεξελάαν, ἐπὶ δʼ οὔατʼ ἀλεῖψαι ἑταίρων"}]},{"lemma":"παρευνάζομαι","count":1,"glosses":["you lay with"],"forms":["παρευνάζεσθε"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"παρευνάζεσθε, 'you bedded' — middle voice, forceful accusation.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.37","id":"b22-l37","source":"δμῳῇσιν δὲ γυναιξὶ παρευνάζεσθε βιαίως,"}]},{"lemma":"παρήιον","count":2,"glosses":["cheeks"],"forms":["παρήϊα","παρήϊά"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.208","id":"b19-l208","source":"ὣς τῆς τήκετο καλὰ παρήϊα δάκρυ χεούσης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.404","id":"b22-l404","source":"πᾶν δʼ ἄρα οἱ στῆθός τε παρήϊά τʼ ἀμφοτέρωθεν"}]},{"lemma":"παρήμαι","count":1,"glosses":["sitting beside"],"forms":["παρήμενος"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.589","id":"b19-l589","source":"εἴ κʼ ἐθέλοις μοι, ξεῖνε, παρήμενος ἐν μεγάροισι"}]},{"lemma":"παρθένιος","count":1,"glosses":["maiden"],"forms":["παρθενίην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.245","id":"b11-l245","source":"λῦσε δὲ παρθενίην ζώνην, κατὰ δʼ ὕπνον ἔχευεν."}]},{"lemma":"παρθένος","count":3,"glosses":["a maiden","maiden","the maiden"],"forms":["παρθένος"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"predicate nominative with ἔσσεαι: 'you will be a maiden'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.33","id":"b6-l33","source":"ἐντύνεαι, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι ἔτι δὴν παρθένος ἔσσεαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.109","id":"b6-l109","source":"ὣς ἥ γʼ ἀμφιπόλοισι μετέπρεπε παρθένος ἀδμής."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.228","id":"b6-l228","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσαθʼ ἅ οἱ πόρε παρθένος ἀδμής,"}]},{"lemma":"παρθενική","count":1,"glosses":["maidens"],"forms":["παρθενικαί"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.39","id":"b11-l39","source":"παρθενικαί τʼ ἀταλαὶ νεοπενθέα θυμὸν ἔχουσαι,"}]},{"lemma":"παρθενικός","count":1,"glosses":["a young girl"],"forms":["παρθενικῇ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.20","id":"b7-l20","source":"παρθενικῇ ἐικυῖα νεήνιδι, κάλπιν ἐχούσῃ."}]},{"lemma":"παρίζω","count":1,"glosses":["sat beside"],"forms":["παρῖζεν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.311","id":"b4-l311","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ δὲ παρῖζεν, ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·"}]},{"lemma":"παρίστημι","count":41,"glosses":["standing beside","stood beside","stand beside","standing near","stood by","stood near","to stand beside","stood","came upon","stepping near","stands by","would stand by","stands near","standing by","you stand by","was standing by","was to come"],"forms":["παρισταμένη","παρέστη","παραστὰς","παρίστατο","παραστάς","παρεστάμεναι","παρίσταται","παριστάμενος","παριστάμεναι","παρασταῖεν","παριστάμενοι","παρίσταμαι","παρασταίης","παρίστασαι","παρστήετον","παρστᾶσα","παραστήσεσθαι"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect active infinitive","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine","aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd dual verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","future middle infinitive"],"note":"Root aorist παρέστη (παρίστημι) — an intransitive 'stood' form, common formulaic verb for a servant's arrival.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.335","id":"b1-l335","source":"ἀμφίπολος δʼ ἄρα οἱ κεδνὴ ἑκάτερθε παρέστη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.384","id":"b2-l384","source":"καί ῥα ἑκάστῳ φωτὶ παρισταμένη φάτο μῦθον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.222","id":"b3-l222","source":"ὡς κείνῳ ἀναφανδὰ παρίστατο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη—"}]},{"lemma":"Παρνασός","count":6,"glosses":["to Parnassus","Parnassus"],"forms":["Παρνησόνδ","Παρνησοῦ","Παρνησῷ"],"morphology":["adverb","genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"directional -δε suffix on the place name, functioning as 'to/toward Parnassus' without a preposition.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.394","id":"b19-l394","source":"Παρνησόνδʼ ἐλθόντα μετʼ Αὐτόλυκόν τε καὶ υἷας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.411","id":"b19-l411","source":"ἔλθῃ Παρνησόνδʼ, ὅθι πού μοι κτήματʼ ἔασι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.432","id":"b19-l432","source":"Παρνησοῦ, τάχα δʼ ἵκανον πτύχας ἠνεμοέσσας."}]},{"lemma":"πατέομαι","count":8,"glosses":["having tasted","we tasted","to taste","had tasted","tasted"],"forms":["πάσαντο","ἐπασσάμεθ","πασσάμενος","πασσαμένω","πάσασθαι","πάσσασθαι"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist middle infinitive","aorist participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine"],"note":"πασσάμενος, 'having partaken of,' reflects the Homeric convention that guests eat before speaking of their business.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.124","id":"b1-l124","source":"δείπνου πασσάμενος μυθήσεαι ὅττεό σε χρή."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.9","id":"b3-l9","source":"εὖθʼ οἱ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο, θεῷ δʼ ἐπὶ μηρίʼ ἔκαιον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.461","id":"b3-l461","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρʼ ἐκάη καὶ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο,"}]},{"lemma":"πατήρ","count":196,"glosses":["father","father's","of father","his father","of my father","of his father","of your father","a father","the father","of her father","of fathers","your father","to father","to their father","than their father","for his father","against her father","our fathers","fathers'","with father","of a father","from father"],"forms":["πατρὸς","πατὴρ","πατέρ","πατρὶ","πατρός","πάτερ","πατέρα","πατρί","πατήρ","πατέρων","πατρῶν","πατέρι","πατέρος"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","accusative singular masculine"],"note":"Vocative πάτερ addressing Zeus — Athena's formal opening address in the divine council speech.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.28","id":"b1-l28","source":"τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.45","id":"b1-l45","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.81","id":"b1-l81","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,"}]},{"lemma":"πατηρ","count":1,"glosses":["father"],"forms":["πάτερ"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.128","id":"b13-l128","source":"Ζεῦ πάτερ, οὐκέτʼ ἐγώ γε μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι\n                     θεοῖσι"}]},{"lemma":"πατρίς","count":94,"glosses":["native","homeland","fatherland","native land","of his fatherland","native, ancestral","native, fatherland","ancestral"],"forms":["πατρίδα","πατρίδος","πατρίδ","πατρίδι","πατρὶς"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.75","id":"b1-l75","source":"οὔ τι κατακτείνει, πλάζει δʼ ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.203","id":"b1-l203","source":"οὔ τοι ἔτι δηρόν γε φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.290","id":"b1-l290","source":"νοστήσας δὴ ἔπειτα φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν"}]},{"lemma":"πατροκασίγνητος","count":2,"glosses":["father's brother"],"forms":["πατροκασίγνητον","πατροκασιγνήτῳ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"πατροκασίγνητον refers to Poseidon, brother of Athena's father Zeus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.330","id":"b6-l330","source":"πατροκασίγνητον· ὁ δʼ ἐπιζαφελῶς μενέαινεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.342","id":"b13-l342","source":"πατροκασιγνήτῳ, ὅς τοι κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"Πατροκλῆς","count":1,"glosses":["Patroclus"],"forms":["Πατροκλῆος"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.468","id":"b11-l468","source":"καὶ Πατροκλῆος καὶ ἀμύμονος Ἀντιλόχοιο"}]},{"lemma":"πατροφονεύς","count":3,"glosses":["his father's slayer","his father's killer","his father's murderer"],"forms":["πατροφονῆα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"πατροφονεύς, a compound noun 'father-killer' coined for exactly this situation — Aegisthus as murderer of Agamemnon.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.299","id":"b1-l299","source":"πάντας ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, ἐπεὶ ἔκτανε πατροφονῆα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.197","id":"b3-l197","source":"ἀνδρός, ἐπεὶ καὶ κεῖνος ἐτίσατο πατροφονῆα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.307","id":"b3-l307","source":"ἂψ ἀπʼ Ἀθηνάων, κατὰ δʼ ἔκτανε πατροφονῆα,"}]},{"lemma":"πατρώιος","count":16,"glosses":["ancestral","his father's","ancestral, hereditary","through our fathers","by inheritance","of my father","father's","of your father","paternal","his own fatherland","fatherland","my father's goods","paternal, ancestral","ancestral wealth"],"forms":["πατρώϊα","πατρώιός","πατρώια","πατρωΐῃ","πατρώιοι","πατρώιόν","πατρώιος","πατρώιοί","πατρώϊοι","πατρώϊος"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"πατρώιος ξεῖνος, 'guest-friend of the father,' names the institution of xenia inherited across generations — key to why Athena-as-Mentes is welcomed.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.175","id":"b1-l175","source":"ἠὲ νέον μεθέπεις ἦ καὶ πατρώιός ἐσσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.187","id":"b1-l187","source":"ξεῖνοι δʼ ἀλλήλων πατρώιοι εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.387","id":"b1-l387","source":"ποιήσειεν, ὅ τοι γενεῇ πατρώιόν ἐστιν."}]},{"lemma":"παύω","count":39,"glosses":["stopped","ceased","to stop","to cease","will cease","cease","let them stop","might end","I stop","might stop","ceased/died down","stayed","might free, release","he ceased","to still","you ended","leave off","left off, stopped","finishing","was stopping","we would have silenced","stop","to cease from, leave off","I tried to stop","we would have ceased","had stopped","stop, cease"],"forms":["παύσασθαι","ἐπαύσατο","παῦσαν","παύσεσθαι","παύσειε","παῦσεν","παύσαντο","παῦσαι","παυέσθων","παύσῃ","παύομαι","παύσεσθ","παύσατ","παυέμεναι","παύσασθε","ἔπαυσας","παύεσθαι","ἐπαύετο","παυομένῳ","παύετ","παύσαμεν","παύεσθον","παύεσκον","παυσάμεθα","παῦε"],"morphology":["aorist middle infinitive","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive imperative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","present active infinitive","aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive infinitive","aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","present medio-passive imperative, 2nd dual verb","aorist active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb","present active imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"optative παύσειε after ἧος expresses purpose in secondary sequence — 'so that it might stop.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.169","id":"b2-l169","source":"παυέσθων· καὶ γάρ σφιν ἄφαρ τόδε λώιόν ἐστιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.198","id":"b2-l198","source":"οὐ γὰρ πρὶν παύσεσθαι ὀίομαι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.35","id":"b4-l35","source":"ἐξοπίσω περ παύσῃ ὀιζύος. ἀλλὰ λύʼ ἵππους"}]},{"lemma":"παῦρος","count":8,"glosses":["few","fewer","little","a few men"],"forms":["παῦροι","παύρους","παυρότεροι","παῦρα","παύροισι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","dative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.241","id":"b2-l241","source":"παύρους μνηστῆρας καταπαύετε πολλοὶ ἐόντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.276","id":"b2-l276","source":"παῦροι γάρ τοι παῖδες ὁμοῖοι πατρὶ πέλονται,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.277","id":"b2-l277","source":"οἱ πλέονες κακίους, παῦροι δέ τε πατρὸς ἀρείους."}]},{"lemma":"παχύς","count":9,"glosses":["stout","thick","strong","stout/thick"],"forms":["παχείῃ","παχέος","παχὺν","παχὺς"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"παχύς literally 'thick/stout', used of a strong hand","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.128","id":"b6-l128","source":"ἐκ πυκινῆς δʼ ὕλης πτόρθον κλάσε χειρὶ παχείῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.372","id":"b9-l372","source":"κεῖτʼ ἀποδοχμώσας παχὺν αὐχένα, κὰδ δέ μιν ὕπνος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.439","id":"b10-l439","source":"σπασσάμενος τανύηκες ἄορ παχέος παρὰ μηροῦ,"}]},{"lemma":"πέδιλον","count":12,"glosses":["sandals","his sandals"],"forms":["πέδιλα","πέδιλ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.96","id":"b1-l96","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.4","id":"b2-l4","source":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.309","id":"b4-l309","source":"ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,"}]},{"lemma":"πέδονδε","count":1,"glosses":["down to the plain"],"forms":["πέδονδε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.598","id":"b11-l598","source":"αὖτις ἔπειτα πέδονδε κυλίνδετο λᾶας ἀναιδής."}]},{"lemma":"πέκω","count":1,"glosses":["comb"],"forms":["πείκετε"],"morphology":["present active imperative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.316","id":"b18-l316","source":"ἥμεναι ἐν μεγάρῳ, ἢ εἴρια πείκετε χερσίν·"}]},{"lemma":"πέλαγος","count":6,"glosses":["the sea","the deep","sea","the open sea","the deeps"],"forms":["πέλαγος","πελάγει","πελάγεσσι"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.91","id":"b3-l91","source":"εἴτε καὶ ἐν πελάγει μετὰ κύμασιν Ἀμφιτρίτης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.174","id":"b3-l174","source":"δεῖξε, καὶ ἠνώγει πέλαγος μέσον εἰς Εὔβοιαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.179","id":"b3-l179","source":"πόλλʼ ἐπὶ μῆρʼ ἔθεμεν, πέλαγος μέγα μετρήσαντες."}]},{"lemma":"πέλας","count":2,"glosses":["close","near"],"forms":["πέλας"],"morphology":["adverb","preposition"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.516","id":"b10-l516","source":"ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειθʼ, ἥρως, χριμφθεὶς πέλας, ὥς σε κελεύω,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.257","id":"b15-l257","source":"ὃς τότε Τηλεμάχου πέλας ἵστατο· τὸν δʼ ἐκίχανεν"}]},{"lemma":"πέλεθρον","count":1,"glosses":["acres, plethra"],"forms":["πέλεθρα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.577","id":"b11-l577","source":"κείμενον ἐν δαπέδῳ· ὁ δʼ ἐπʼ ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθρα,"}]},{"lemma":"πέλεια","count":4,"glosses":["doves","a dove"],"forms":["πέλειαι","πέλειαν"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.62","id":"b12-l62","source":"τῇ μέν τʼ οὐδὲ ποτητὰ παρέρχεται οὐδὲ πέλειαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.527","id":"b15-l527","source":"τίλλε πέλειαν ἔχων, κατὰ δὲ πτερὰ χεῦεν ἔραζε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.243","id":"b20-l243","source":"αἰετὸς ὑψιπέτης, ἔχε δὲ τρήρωνα πέλειαν."}]},{"lemma":"πέλεκυς","count":10,"glosses":["axes","axe","an axe","the axe","of the axes"],"forms":["πέλεκυν","πελέκεων","πελέκεας","πέλεκυς","πελέκεάς"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"πελέκεας — the famous axe-contest of Odyssey 19, the trial only Odysseus can pass with his bow.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.442","id":"b3-l442","source":"ἐν κανέῳ πέλεκυν δὲ μενεπτόλεμος Θρασυμήδης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.449","id":"b3-l449","source":"ἤλασεν ἄγχι στάς· πέλεκυς δʼ ἀπέκοψε τένοντας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.234","id":"b5-l234","source":"δῶκέν οἱ πέλεκυν μέγαν, ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃσι,"}]},{"lemma":"πέλω","count":48,"glosses":["is","are","was","has come about","becomes","turn out","has come, arisen","there was","would have been","it lay","came about","exists, is","extends","occur","were","it turns out","is, has come","came on","befall","numbered","there is","has come","comes","remained","would come","grow, become","stayed, remained","they are","turned out","was, proved to be","is, proves to be","grow","became","are, serve as"],"forms":["ἔπλετο","πέλονται","πέλει","πέλεν","πέλεται","πέλοντο","ἔπλετ","πέλοιτο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ἔπλετο, here parsed as imperfect medio-passive of πέλω ('be, come to be'), is a favorite Homeric verb rare outside epic.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.225","id":"b1-l225","source":"τίς δαίς, τίς δὲ ὅμιλος ὅδʼ ἔπλετο; τίπτε δέ σε χρεώ;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.393","id":"b1-l393","source":"ἀφνειὸν πέλεται καὶ τιμηέστερος αὐτός."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.276","id":"b2-l276","source":"παῦροι γάρ τοι παῖδες ὁμοῖοι πατρὶ πέλονται,"}]},{"lemma":"πέλωρ","count":2,"glosses":["monster"],"forms":["πέλωρ"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"πέλωρ 'monstrous thing' — predicate noun paired with κακόν, a stock Homeric horror-tag.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.428","id":"b9-l428","source":"τῇς ἔπι Κύκλωψ εὗδε πέλωρ, ἀθεμίστια εἰδώς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.87","id":"b12-l87","source":"γίγνεται, αὐτὴ δʼ αὖτε πέλωρ κακόν· οὐδέ κέ τίς μιν"}]},{"lemma":"πέλωρον","count":3,"glosses":["monster","monsters"],"forms":["πελώρου","πέλωρα"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"πέλωρα, the men's own fear-driven perception of the wolves/lions as 'monsters' despite their tameness.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.168","id":"b10-l168","source":"πλεξάμενος συνέδησα πόδας δεινοῖο πελώρου,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.219","id":"b10-l219","source":"σαῖνον· τοὶ δʼ ἔδεισαν, ἐπεὶ ἴδον αἰνὰ πέλωρα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.634","id":"b11-l634","source":"μή μοι Γοργείην κεφαλὴν δεινοῖο πελώρου"}]},{"lemma":"πέλωρος","count":2,"glosses":["monstrous","huge, monstrous"],"forms":["πέλωρον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πέλωρον 'monstrous, huge' underscores the Cyclops's terrifying, unnatural size.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.257","id":"b9-l257","source":"δεισάντων φθόγγον τε βαρὺν αὐτόν τε πέλωρον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.161","id":"b15-l161","source":"αἰετὸς ἀργὴν χῆνα φέρων ὀνύχεσσι πέλωρον,"}]},{"lemma":"πέμπτος","count":3,"glosses":["fifth","fifth day"],"forms":["πέμπτῳ","πέμπτος","πέμπτον"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.263","id":"b5-l263","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄρα πέμπτῳ πέμπʼ ἀπὸ νήσου δῖα Καλυψώ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.335","id":"b9-l335","source":"τέσσαρες, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ πέμπτος μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέγμην."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.309","id":"b24-l309","source":"αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσῆϊ τόδε δὴ πέμπτον ἔτος ἐστίν,"}]},{"lemma":"πέμπω","count":62,"glosses":["sent","I will send","send","will send","to send","might send","she sent","was sending","would send","sending","should we send","might convey","I may escort","be given escort","may carry","you might send","sent/guided","to send on","may we send","will send, convey","to send off","to escort","will convey","carry","let us send","we will send","sent him off","they sent"],"forms":["πέμψω","πέμπε","πέμποιεν","πέμψαι","πέμψει","πέμψον","πέμπωμεν","πέμψουσιν","ἔπεμψαν","ἔπεμπον","πέμπ","πεμπέμεναι","πεμπέμεν","ἔπεμπε","πέμψουσι","πέμπειν","πέμπουσιν","πέμψαντες","πέμπεν","πέμπωσι","πέμψειας","πεμψέμεναι","ἔπεμψε","ἔπεμψεν","πέμψειεν","πέμπετέ","πέμψωμεν","πέμψομεν","πέμψαιμι","πέμψαν","πέμπον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","future active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active infinitive","present active optative, 3rd plural verb","future active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active infinitive","future active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","future active infinitive","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","future active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active optative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"optative of remote possibility — 'who could send him,' condition unfulfilled","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.38","id":"b1-l38","source":"Ἑρμείαν πέμψαντες, ἐύσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.93","id":"b1-l93","source":"πέμψω δʼ ἐς Σπάρτην τε καὶ ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.133","id":"b2-l133","source":"Ἰκαρίῳ, αἴ κʼ αὐτὸς ἑκὼν ἀπὸ μητέρα πέμψω."}]},{"lemma":"πένθος","count":15,"glosses":["grief","sorrow","grief, sorrow"],"forms":["πένθος","πένθεϊ"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.342","id":"b1-l342","source":"τείρει, ἐπεί με μάλιστα καθίκετο πένθος ἄλαστον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.70","id":"b2-l70","source":"σχέσθε, φίλοι, καί μʼ οἶον ἐάσατε πένθεϊ λυγρῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.169","id":"b6-l169","source":"γούνων ἅψασθαι· χαλεπὸν δέ με πένθος ἱκάνει."}]},{"lemma":"πένομαι","count":12,"glosses":["busied themselves","to prepare","to be prepared","we set to work","to make ready","to attend to","to prepare, make","trouble yourself","were busy"],"forms":["πένεσθαι","πένοντο","πενώμεθα"],"morphology":["present medio-passive infinitive","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb"],"note":"πένεσθαι 'to busy oneself with/prepare' — epic verb for domestic labor","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.322","id":"b2-l322","source":"ῥεῖα· μνηστῆρες δὲ δόμον κάτα δαῖτα πένοντο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.428","id":"b3-l428","source":"δμῳῇσιν κατὰ δώματʼ ἀγακλυτὰ δαῖτα πένεσθαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.531","id":"b4-l531","source":"εἷσε λόχον, ἑτέρωθι δʼ ἀνώγει δαῖτα πένεσθαι."}]},{"lemma":"πέντε","count":2,"glosses":["five"],"forms":["πέντε"],"morphology":["numeral"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.299","id":"b3-l299","source":"κύματʼ· ἀτὰρ τὰς πέντε νέας κυανοπρῳρείους"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.62","id":"b6-l62","source":"πέντε δέ τοι φίλοι υἷες ἐνὶ μεγάροις γεγάασιν,"}]},{"lemma":"πέπλος","count":5,"glosses":["robes","a robe","robe"],"forms":["πέπλοι","πέπλον","πέπλους"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.38","id":"b6-l38","source":"ζῶστρά τε καὶ πέπλους καὶ ῥήγεα σιγαλόεντα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.96","id":"b7-l96","source":"ἐς μυχὸν ἐξ οὐδοῖο διαμπερές, ἔνθʼ ἐνὶ πέπλοι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.105","id":"b15-l105","source":"ἔνθʼ ἔσαν οἱ πέπλοι παμποίκιλοι, οὓς κάμεν αὐτή."}]},{"lemma":"πέπνυμαι","count":68,"glosses":["wise","thoughtful","prudent","wise, prudent","prudent things","wise things","sensible","wise, thoughtful","wise/prudent","thoughtful, wise","sensible/prudent","you were wise"],"forms":["πεπνυμένος","πεπνυμένα","πεπνυμένον","πεπνυμένῳ","πεπνυμένω","πέπνυσο"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter","perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine","pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"Perfect participle of πέπνυμαι ('be wise/prudent'); this fixed epithet formula for Telemachus recurs verbatim across the poem.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.213","id":"b1-l213","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.230","id":"b1-l230","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.306","id":"b1-l306","source":"τὴν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·"}]},{"lemma":"πέπων","count":3,"glosses":["friend","dear, gentle"],"forms":["πέπον"],"morphology":["vocative singular neuter adjective","vocative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πέπον — an affectionate epithet, poignant since Polyphemus tenderly addresses the ram hiding his enemy","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.447","id":"b9-l447","source":"κριὲ πέπον, τί μοι ὧδε διὰ σπέος ἔσσυο\n                        μήλων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.154","id":"b13-l154","source":"ὢ πέπον, ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.233","id":"b22-l233","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο, πέπον, παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵστασο καὶ ἴδε ἔργον,"}]},{"lemma":"πέρ","count":206,"glosses":["indeed","though","even","though, indeed","just","although","however","(emphatic)","[even]","indeed (emphatic)","even though","for all","even/only","even, indeed","at least","just, exactly","at all","indeed (particle)","though (concessive)","yet","[emphatic]","[particle]","myself","just as"],"forms":["περ","πέρ"],"morphology":["particle"],"note":"περ attached to participle gives concessive force 'eager AS HE WAS'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.59","id":"b1-l59","source":"ἧς γαίης, θανέειν ἱμείρεται. οὐδέ νυ σοί περ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.128","id":"b1-l128","source":"δουροδόκης ἔντοσθεν ἐυξόου, ἔνθα περ ἄλλα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.167","id":"b1-l167","source":"θαλπωρή, εἴ πέρ τις ἐπιχθονίων ἀνθρώπων"}]},{"lemma":"πέρθω","count":4,"glosses":["having sacked","he sacked","sacked"],"forms":["πέρσαντες","ἔπερσεν","ἔπραθον"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active indicative, third singular","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.2","id":"b1-l2","source":"πλάγχθη, ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.107","id":"b5-l107","source":"εἰνάετες, δεκάτῳ δὲ πόλιν πέρσαντες ἔβησαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.40","id":"b9-l40","source":"Ἰσμάρῳ. ἔνθα δʼ ἐγὼ πόλιν ἔπραθον, ὤλεσα δʼ αὐτούς·"}]},{"lemma":"πέσσω","count":1,"glosses":["ripens"],"forms":["πέσσει"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.119","id":"b7-l119","source":"Ζεφυρίη πνείουσα τὰ μὲν φύει, ἄλλα δὲ πέσσει."}]},{"lemma":"πέταλον","count":1,"glosses":["the leaves"],"forms":["πετάλοισι"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.520","id":"b19-l520","source":"δενδρέων ἐν πετάλοισι καθεζομένη πυκινοῖσιν,"}]},{"lemma":"πέτομαι","count":13,"glosses":["flew","to fly","were flying","flew away","flew, sped"],"forms":["ἔπτατο","πετέσθην","ἐπέτοντο","ἔπτατ","πέτεσθαι","πέτετο"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive infinitive","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"dual verb πετέσθην 'the two flew' — dual subject, dual verb ending -σθην.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.147","id":"b2-l147","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐκ κορυφῆς ὄρεος προέηκε πέτεσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.148","id":"b2-l148","source":"τὼ δʼ ἕως μέν ῥʼ ἐπέτοντο μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.484","id":"b3-l484","source":"μάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην"}]},{"lemma":"πέτρα","count":42,"glosses":["rock","rocks","the rock","cliff","the rocks","a rock","of rocks","crag","a cliff","of a rock","the cliffs","cliffs","Rock"],"forms":["πέτρη","πέτρης","πέτρας","πέτρην","πέτρῃ","πετράων","πέτρῃσι","πέτραι","πέτρῃσιν","πέτρῃς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":"genitive of separation, 'free from rocks' with λεῖος","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.293","id":"b3-l293","source":"ἔστι δέ τις λισσὴ αἰπεῖά τε εἰς ἅλα πέτρη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.501","id":"b4-l501","source":"πέτρῃσιν μεγάλῃσι καὶ ἐξεσάωσε θαλάσσης·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.507","id":"b4-l507","source":"ἤλασε Γυραίην πέτρην, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔσχισεν αὐτήν·"}]},{"lemma":"πεδάω","count":7,"glosses":["shackles","binds/fetters","bound fast","has bound fast","had bound","bound","kept fettering"],"forms":["πεδάᾳ","πέδησε","ἐπέδησ","ἐπέδησε","πεδάασκον"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"πεδάω 'fetter', vivid metaphor of sleep as chains","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.380","id":"b4-l380","source":"ὅς τίς μʼ ἀθανάτων πεδάᾳ καὶ ἔδησε κελεύθου,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.469","id":"b4-l469","source":"ὅς τίς μʼ ἀθανάτων πεδάᾳ καὶ ἔδησε κελεύθου,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.292","id":"b11-l292","source":"ἐξελάαν· χαλεπὴ δὲ θεοῦ κατὰ μοῖρα πέδησε,"}]},{"lemma":"πεδίον","count":14,"glosses":["plain","the plain","of a plain","across the plain"],"forms":["πεδίον","πεδίῳ","πεδίοιο","πεδίου"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"Ἠλύσιον πεδίον, earliest literary mention of the Elysian afterlife-paradise","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.260","id":"b3-l260","source":"κείμενον ἐν πεδίῳ ἑκὰς ἄστεος, οὐδέ κέ τίς μιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.431","id":"b3-l431","source":"ἐκ πεδίου, ἦλθον δὲ θοῆς παρὰ νηὸς ἐίσης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.485","id":"b3-l485","source":"ἐς πεδίον, λιπέτην δὲ Πύλου αἰπὺ πτολίεθρον."}]},{"lemma":"πεδίονδε","count":2,"glosses":["to the plain","toward the plain"],"forms":["πεδίονδ","πεδίονδε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"πεδίονδε: directional -δε suffix 'to/toward the plain' attached right onto the noun.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.421","id":"b3-l421","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ὁ μὲν πεδίονδʼ ἐπὶ βοῦν, ἴτω, ὄφρα τάχιστα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.183","id":"b15-l183","source":"ἤϊξαν πεδίονδε διὰ πτόλιος μεμαῶτες."}]},{"lemma":"πεδόθεν","count":1,"glosses":["from the depths"],"forms":["πεδόθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"πεδόθεν, 'from the foundation/depths', vivid Homeric adverb meaning 'deep-rooted'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.295","id":"b13-l295","source":"μύθων τε κλοπίων, οἵ τοι πεδόθεν φίλοι εἰσίν."}]},{"lemma":"πεζός","count":12,"glosses":["on foot","foot soldiers","footmen"],"forms":["πεζὸν","πεζῶν","πεζός","πεζοὶ","πεζὸς","πεζοί"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"πεζός, 'on foot/by land,' a predicate adjective describing how Telemachus would travel, contrasted with going by ship.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.173","id":"b1-l173","source":"οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σε πεζὸν ὀίομαι ἐνθάδʼ ἱκέσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.324","id":"b3-l324","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις πεζός, πάρα τοι δίφρος τε καὶ ἵπποι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.319","id":"b6-l319","source":"ἡ δὲ μάλʼ ἡνιόχευεν, ὅπως ἅμʼ ἑποίατο πεζοὶ"}]},{"lemma":"πείθω","count":63,"glosses":["obeyed","trusting","persuaded","to obey","trusts","they obeyed","persuade","let us obey","trust","you heed","do I trust","would be persuaded","heed me","trusted","I will obey","she persuaded","I trusted","was persuaded","they persuaded","we may trust","be persuaded","let us yield","you may believe","could persuade","will persuade","you obey","believed","will obey","you would listen","you will obey","you persuade","kept persuading","I may be convinced","you obeyed","obey"],"forms":["ἐπίθοντο","ἔπειθεν","πίθοντο","πειθώμεθα","πεποίθεα","πεποιθότες","ἔπειθον","πέποιθα","πέποιθε","ἐπείθετο","πεῖθ","πίθηαι","πείθομαι","πείθεσθαί","πείσεσθαι","πείθεσθαι","πίθοιό","πείσομ","πεποιθώς","πιθόμην","πεῖθον","πεποίθομεν","πίθεσθε","πεποίθῃς","πείσειε","πείσεις","πείθω","πείθῃ","πείσονται","πιθέσθαι","πείθοντό","πείθεθ","πεποιθὼς","πίθοιο","πιθήσας","πιθήσεις","πείθοντο","πείθεις","πεποίθω","πείθεσθ","πίθεσθέ","πείθοντ"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present medio-passive infinitive","aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb","pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle imperative, 2nd plural verb","perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","future infinitive","aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","perfect active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","future active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","perfect active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":"κλύον...ἐπίθοντο pairs 'heard' and 'obeyed', a common formulaic doublet for instant compliance.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.43","id":"b1-l43","source":"πεῖθʼ ἀγαθὰ φρονέων· νῦν δʼ ἁθρόα πάντʼ ἀπέτισεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.279","id":"b1-l279","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ πυκινῶς ὑποθήσομαι, αἴ κε πίθηαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.414","id":"b1-l414","source":"οὔτʼ οὖν ἀγγελίῃ ἔτι πείθομαι, εἴ ποθεν ἔλθοι,"}]},{"lemma":"Πείραιος","count":8,"glosses":["Peiraeus","Peiraeus (voc.)","Piraeus"],"forms":["Πείραιον","Πείραιος","Πείραιε","Πείραι"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.539","id":"b15-l539","source":"ἦ καὶ Πείραιον προσεφώνεε, πιστὸν ἑταῖρον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.540","id":"b15-l540","source":"Πείραιε Κλυτίδη, σὺ δέ μοι τά περ ἄλλα μάλιστα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.544","id":"b15-l544","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖ Πείραιος δουρικλυτὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·"}]},{"lemma":"πείρινς","count":1,"glosses":["the wicker basket"],"forms":["πείρινθα"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"πείρινς, a rare epic word for a wagon's storage basket—used only in travel scenes.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.131","id":"b15-l131","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐς πείρινθα τίθει Πεισίστρατος 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ἔπειρον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.462","id":"b3-l462","source":"μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν,"}]},{"lemma":"Πείσανδρος","count":3,"glosses":["Peisander"],"forms":["Πεισάνδροιο","Πείσανδρός","Πείσανδρον"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.299","id":"b18-l299","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἄρα Πεισάνδροιο Πολυκτορίδαο ἄνακτος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.243","id":"b22-l243","source":"Πείσανδρός τε Πολυκτορίδης Πόλυβός τε δαΐφρων·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.268","id":"b22-l268","source":"Πείσανδρον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπεφνε βοῶν ἐπιβουκόλος ἀνήρ."}]},{"lemma":"πεῖνα","count":1,"glosses":["famine"],"forms":["πείνη"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine 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ἱκάνει."}]},{"lemma":"πεῖσα","count":1,"glosses":["obedience"],"forms":["πείσῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.23","id":"b20-l23","source":"τῷ δὲ μάλʼ ἐν πείσῃ κραδίη μένε τετληυῖα"}]},{"lemma":"πεῖσμα","count":7,"glosses":["cables","of a mooring-rope","cables, hawsers","the cables","rope","cable","cable, hawser"],"forms":["πεῖσμα","πείσματα","πείσματός","πείσματ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.269","id":"b6-l269","source":"πείσματα καὶ σπεῖρα, καὶ ἀποξύνουσιν ἐρετμά."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.136","id":"b9-l136","source":"ἐν δὲ λιμὴν ἐύορμος, ἵνʼ οὐ χρεὼ πείσματός ἐστιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.96","id":"b10-l96","source":"αὐτοῦ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιῇ, πέτρης ἐκ πείσματα δήσας·"}]},{"lemma":"πεινάω","count":1,"glosses":["to hunger"],"forms":["πεινήμεναι"],"morphology":["present active infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.137","id":"b20-l137","source":"σίτου δʼ οὐκέτʼ ἔφη πεινήμεναι· εἴρετο γάρ μιν."}]},{"lemma":"πειράζω","count":3,"glosses":["to test","testing"],"forms":["πειράζειν","πειράζων"],"morphology":["present active infinitive","present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"πειράζων marks this as a deliberate trap, not innocent curiosity","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.281","id":"b9-l281","source":"ὣς φάτο πειράζων, ἐμὲ δʼ οὐ λάθεν εἰδότα\n                     πολλά,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.319","id":"b16-l319","source":"ἡμέας πειράζειν, ἀλλʼ ὕστερα ταῦτα πένεσθαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.114","id":"b23-l114","source":"πειράζειν ἐμέθεν· τάχα δὲ φράσεται καὶ ἄρειον."}]},{"lemma":"πειράω","count":35,"glosses":["I will try","will make trial","tested","made trial","try!","to test","testing","I have practiced","test him","will try","strive, try","to try for","let us make trial","let him try","tried","have been accomplished","you test","we might test","might test ourselves","would make trial, would attempt","make trial of","has tried","kept trying","I may test","to taste","will make trial of","test","to test him"],"forms":["πειρήσομαι","πειρήσαιτο","πειρήσεται","πειρήσαντο","πείρησαι","πειρήσεσθαι","πειρήσω","πεπείρημαι","πείρα","πειρήσοντα","ἐπειρήσαντ","πειρηθῶμεν","ἐπειρήσαντο","πειρήσομ","πειρηθήτω","πειρηθήμεναι","πεπείρανται","πειρήσεαι","πειρηθεῖμεν","πειρησαίμεθα","πειρησαίμην","πειρήσασθε","ἐπειρῶντ","πειρώμενος","πειρήσατο","πειρωμένη","πειρηθῆναι"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular 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feminine"],"note":"πειράω + genitive, 'make trial of' a person—the games test Odysseus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.316","id":"b2-l316","source":"πειρήσω, ὥς κʼ ὔμμι κακὰς ἐπὶ κῆρας ἰήλω,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.23","id":"b3-l23","source":"οὐδέ τί πω μύθοισι πεπείρημαι πυκινοῖσιν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.119","id":"b4-l119","source":"ἦ πρῶτʼ ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο."}]},{"lemma":"πειραίνω","count":2,"glosses":["fastening"],"forms":["πειρήναντε"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.175","id":"b22-l175","source":"σειρὴν δὲ πλεκτὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ πειρήναντε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.192","id":"b22-l192","source":"σειρὴν δὲ πλεκτὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ πειρήναντε"}]},{"lemma":"πειρητίζω","count":7,"glosses":["testing","made trial of","she kept testing","making trial"],"forms":["πειρητίζων","πειρήτιζεν","πειρήτιζε"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"πειρητίζων: Odysseus is craftily testing Eumaeus, typical of his disguised probing.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.459","id":"b14-l459","source":"τοῖς δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μετέειπε, συβώτεω πειρητίζων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.304","id":"b15-l304","source":"τοῖς δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μετέειπε, συβώτεω πειρητίζων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.313","id":"b16-l313","source":"δηθὰ γὰρ αὔτως εἴσῃ ἑκάστου πειρητίζων,"}]},{"lemma":"Πειρίθοος","count":3,"glosses":["Peirithous","of Peirithous"],"forms":["Πειριθόοιο","Πειρίθοόν"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.631","id":"b11-l631","source":"Θησέα Πειρίθοόν τε, θεῶν 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Πεισηνορίδαο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.347","id":"b2-l347","source":"Εὐρύκλειʼ, Ὦπος θυγάτηρ Πεισηνορίδαο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.148","id":"b20-l148","source":"Εὐρύκλειʼ, Ὦπος θυγάτηρ Πεισηνορίδαο·"}]},{"lemma":"Πεισίστρατος","count":10,"glosses":["Peisistratus","Peisistratos","Pisistratus"],"forms":["Πεισίστρατος","Πεισίστρατον","Πεισίστρατε"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.36","id":"b3-l36","source":"πρῶτος Νεστορίδης Πεισίστρατος ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.400","id":"b3-l400","source":"πὰρʼ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐυμμελίην Πεισίστρατον, ὄρχαμον ἀνδρῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.415","id":"b3-l415","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἕκτος Πεισίστρατος ἤλυθεν ἥρως,"}]},{"lemma":"πελάζω","count":15,"glosses":["brought 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ἄνεμός τε φέρων καὶ κῦμα πέλασσε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.254","id":"b7-l254","source":"νῆσον ἐς Ὠγυγίην πέλασαν θεοί, ἔνθα Καλυψὼ"}]},{"lemma":"Πελασγός","count":1,"glosses":["Pelasgians"],"forms":["Πελασγοί"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.177","id":"b19-l177","source":"Δωριέες τε τριχάϊκες δῖοί τε Πελασγοί."}]},{"lemma":"πελεκάω","count":1,"glosses":["trimmed"],"forms":["πελέκκησεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.244","id":"b5-l244","source":"εἴκοσι δʼ ἔκβαλε πάντα, πελέκκησεν δʼ ἄρα χαλκῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"πελεμίζω","count":1,"glosses":["made quiver"],"forms":["πελέμιξεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.125","id":"b21-l125","source":"τρὶς μέν μιν πελέμιξεν 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Αἴγυπτον ἐϋρρείτην ἱκόμεσθα,"}]},{"lemma":"πεμπώβολον","count":1,"glosses":["five-pronged forks"],"forms":["πεμπώβολα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"πεμπώβολα, a compound noun (five + spit) naming the ritual tool used to handle sacrificial meat.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.460","id":"b3-l460","source":"λεῖβε· νέοι δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἔχον πεμπώβολα χερσίν."}]},{"lemma":"πενθέω","count":2,"glosses":["to grieve","to mourn"],"forms":["πενθήμεναι"],"morphology":["present active infinitive"],"note":"Epic infinitive ending -μεναι (πενθήμεναι) instead of -ειν, a common Homeric infinitive variant.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.174","id":"b18-l174","source":"ἔρχευ, ἐπεὶ κάκιον πενθήμεναι ἄκριτον αἰεί."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.120","id":"b19-l120","source":"ἧσθαι, ἐπεὶ κάκιον πενθήμεναι ἄκριτον αἰεί·"}]},{"lemma":"πενθερός","count":1,"glosses":["father-in-law"],"forms":["πενθερός"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.582","id":"b8-l582","source":"ἐσθλὸς ἐών, γαμβρὸς ἢ πενθερός, οἵ τε μάλιστα"}]},{"lemma":"πενία","count":1,"glosses":["to poverty"],"forms":["πενίῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.157","id":"b14-l157","source":"γίγνεται, ὃς πενίῃ εἴκων ἀπατήλια βάζει."}]},{"lemma":"πενιχρός","count":1,"glosses":["poor"],"forms":["πενιχροῦ"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.348","id":"b3-l348","source":"ὥς τέ τευ ἦ παρὰ πάμπαν ἀνείμονος ἠδὲ πενιχροῦ,"}]},{"lemma":"πενταέτηρος","count":2,"glosses":["five years old","five-year-old"],"forms":["πενταέτηρον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πενταέτηρος 'five-year-old' — a compound numeral adjective marking the prime sacrificial age for cattle.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.419","id":"b14-l419","source":"οἱ δʼ ὗν εἰσῆγον μάλα πίονα πενταέτηρον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.420","id":"b19-l420","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ εἰσάγαγον βοῦν ἄρσενα πενταέτηρον·"}]},{"lemma":"πενταετής","count":1,"glosses":["five years"],"forms":["πεντάετές"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"compound numeral adjective πεντα-ετής 'of five years', used adverbially like an accusative of duration","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.115","id":"b3-l115","source":"οὐδʼ εἰ πεντάετές γε καὶ ἑξάετες παραμίμνων"}]},{"lemma":"πεντακόσιοι","count":1,"glosses":["five hundred"],"forms":["πεντακόσιοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.7","id":"b3-l7","source":"ἐννέα δʼ ἕδραι ἔσαν, πεντακόσιοι δʼ ἐν ἑκάστῃ"}]},{"lemma":"πεντήκοντα","count":9,"glosses":["fifty"],"forms":["πεντήκοντα","πεντήκοντά"],"morphology":["numeral"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.103","id":"b7-l103","source":"πεντήκοντα δέ οἱ δμωαὶ κατὰ δῶμα γυναῖκες"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.35","id":"b8-l35","source":"πρωτόπλοον, κούρω δὲ δύω καὶ πεντήκοντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.48","id":"b8-l48","source":"κούρω δὲ κρινθέντε δύω καὶ πεντήκοντα"}]},{"lemma":"περ","count":1,"glosses":["although / even"],"forms":["περ"],"morphology":["enclitic particle"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.6","id":"b1-l6","source":"ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὣς ἑτάρους ἐρρύσατο, ἱέμενός περ·"}]},{"lemma":"περάτη","count":1,"glosses":["its setting"],"forms":["περάτῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.243","id":"b23-l243","source":"νύκτα μὲν ἐν περάτῃ δολιχὴν σχέθεν, Ἠῶ δʼ αὖτε"}]},{"lemma":"περάω","count":15,"glosses":["cross","I crossed","pierced through","they cross","you have crossed","to cross","might sell","carried across","they carried","you sell him","used to pierce","we crossed"],"forms":["περόωσι","περάασκε","περάαν","περόωσιν","ἐπέρησα","περήσῃς","περῆσαι","περάσειε","ἐπέρασσαν","πέρασαν","περάσητε","περήσαμεν"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":"iterative-imperfect form περάασκε 'used to pierce', epic -σκε suffix marks repeated past action","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.709","id":"b4-l709","source":"ἀνδράσι γίγνονται, περόωσι δὲ πουλὺν ἐφʼ ὑγρήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.174","id":"b5-l174","source":"ἥ με κέλεαι σχεδίῃ περάαν μέγα λαῖτμα θαλάσσης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.176","id":"b5-l176","source":"ὠκύποροι περόωσιν, ἀγαλλόμεναι Διὸς οὔρῳ."}]},{"lemma":"περαιόω","count":1,"glosses":["having crossed over"],"forms":["περαιωθέντες"],"morphology":["aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.437","id":"b24-l437","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν, μὴ φθέωσι περαιωθέντες ἐκεῖνοι."}]},{"lemma":"περί","count":151,"glosses":["around","beyond","about","exceedingly","in","above all","over","for","concerning","around/in","beyond, exceedingly","beyond, concerning","beyond all","beyond measure","around, astride","above others","around, about","around, for","upon","greatly","round","all around","in defense of","about, over","indeed","beyond (all)","round, about","about, around","for, around","round, in due course","with"],"forms":["περὶ","πέρι","περί"],"morphology":["preposition","adverb"],"note":"the repeated περὶ μὲν ... περὶ δ᾽ ('beyond in this ... beyond in that') is a balanced Homeric μέν/δέ contrast praising Odysseus in two respects: mind and piety.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.66","id":"b1-l66","source":"ὃς περὶ μὲν νόον ἐστὶ βροτῶν, περὶ δʼ ἱρὰ θεοῖσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.135","id":"b1-l135","source":"ἠδʼ ἵνα μιν περὶ πατρὸς ἀποιχομένοιο ἔροιτο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.235","id":"b1-l235","source":"οἳ κεῖνον μὲν ἄιστον ἐποίησαν περὶ πάντων"}]},{"lemma":"Περίβοια","count":1,"glosses":["Periboia"],"forms":["Περίβοια"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.57","id":"b7-l57","source":"γείνατο καὶ Περίβοια, γυναικῶν εἶδος ἀρίστη,"}]},{"lemma":"περίδρομος","count":1,"glosses":["with room around it"],"forms":["περίδρομος"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"περίδρομος, a compound epithet ('running-around'), Homeric formula for an open enclosure.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.7","id":"b14-l7","source":"καλή τε μεγάλη τε, περίδρομος· ἥν ῥα συβώτης"}]},{"lemma":"περίειμι","count":2,"glosses":["you surpass","I surpass"],"forms":["περίεσσι","περίειμι"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.248","id":"b18-l248","source":"ἠῶθεν δαινύατʼ, ἐπεὶ περίεσσι γυναικῶν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.326","id":"b19-l326","source":"ἀλλάων περίειμι νόον καὶ ἐπίφρονα μῆτιν,"}]},{"lemma":"περίκειμαι","count":1,"glosses":["lay around"],"forms":["περίκειτο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.54","id":"b21-l54","source":"αὐτῷ γωρυτῷ, ὅς οἱ περίκειτο φαεινός."}]},{"lemma":"περίκηλος","count":2,"glosses":["well-seasoned"],"forms":["περίκηλα"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.240","id":"b5-l240","source":"αὖα πάλαι, περίκηλα, τά οἱ πλώοιεν ἐλαφρῶς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.309","id":"b18-l309","source":"αὖα πάλαι, περίκηλα, νέον κεκεασμένα χαλκῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"περίμετρος","count":3,"glosses":["vast in size","vast","oversized"],"forms":["περίμετρον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"περίμετρος 'of great compass' — the huge, endless web that lets her stall the suitors","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.95","id":"b2-l95","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ περίμετρον· ἄφαρ δʼ ἡμῖν μετέειπε·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.140","id":"b19-l140","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ περίμετρον· ἄφαρ δʼ αὐτοῖς μετέειπον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.130","id":"b24-l130","source":"λεπτὸν καὶ περίμετρον· ἄφαρ δʼ ἡμῖν μετέειπε·"}]},{"lemma":"περίοιδα","count":1,"glosses":["he knew well"],"forms":["περιῄδη"],"morphology":["pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"pluperfect of οἶδα used as simple past 'knew, was skilled at'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.317","id":"b17-l317","source":"κνώδαλον, ὅττι δίοιτο· καὶ ἴχνεσι γὰρ περιῄδη·"}]},{"lemma":"περίρρυτος","count":1,"glosses":["sea-girt"],"forms":["περίρρυτος"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"περίρρυτος 'flowed-around'; a compound adjective describing Crete as surrounded by sea.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.173","id":"b19-l173","source":"καλὴ καὶ πίειρα, περίρρυτος· ἐν δʼ ἄνθρωποι"}]},{"lemma":"περίσκεπτος","count":4,"glosses":["open to view","with a view all around","far-seen"],"forms":["περισκέπτῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"περίσκεπτος 'visible all around' — Circe's palace is set in a clearing, conspicuous, unlike a hidden lair.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.426","id":"b1-l426","source":"ὑψηλὸς δέδμητο περισκέπτῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.211","id":"b10-l211","source":"ξεστοῖσιν λάεσσι, περισκέπτῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.253","id":"b10-l253","source":"ξεστοῖσιν λάεσσι, περισκέπτῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ."}]},{"lemma":"περίφρων","count":55,"glosses":["wise","prudent","wise, prudent","thoughtful","circumspect","prudent, wise","wise, circumspect"],"forms":["περίφρων","περίφρονι","περίφρον"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","vocative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine adjective","vocative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"περίφρων is Penelope's standing epithet, 'circumspect/very wise', used almost every time she is introduced by name.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.329","id":"b1-l329","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.787","id":"b4-l787","source":"ἡ δʼ ὑπερωίῳ αὖθι περίφρων Πηνελόπεια"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.808","id":"b4-l808","source":"τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περίφρων Πηνελόπεια,"}]},{"lemma":"περιβάλλω","count":3,"glosses":["surpasses, outdoes","putting on themselves","flung around"],"forms":["περιβάλλει","περιβαλλομένους","περίβαλλε"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"περιβάλλει, 'throws around/outdoes' — vivid verb for outbidding rivals with gifts.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.17","id":"b15-l17","source":"Εὐρυμάχῳ γήμασθαι· ὁ γὰρ περιβάλλει ἅπαντας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.148","id":"b22-l148","source":"ὡς περιβαλλομένους ἴδε τεύχεα χερσί τε δοῦρα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.466","id":"b22-l466","source":"κίονος ἐξάψας μεγάλης περίβαλλε θόλοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"περιγίγνομαι","count":2,"glosses":["we surpass"],"forms":["περιγιγνόμεθ"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":"περιγίγνομαι + genitive, 'excel/surpass others' — object clause after ἐνίσπῃ.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.102","id":"b8-l102","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσας, ὅσσον περιγιγνόμεθʼ ἄλλων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.252","id":"b8-l252","source":"οἴκαδε νοστήσας, ὅσσον περιγιγνόμεθʼ ἄλλων"}]},{"lemma":"περιγνάμπτω","count":1,"glosses":["rounding"],"forms":["περιγνάμπτοντα"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"περιγνάμπτω, rare compound 'bend around,' vivid for navigating the treacherous cape.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.80","id":"b9-l80","source":"ἀλλά με κῦμα ῥόος τε περιγνάμπτοντα Μάλειαν"}]},{"lemma":"περιδίδομαι","count":1,"glosses":["will stake"],"forms":["περιδώσομαι"],"morphology":["future middle indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.78","id":"b23-l78","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπευ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐμέθεν περιδώσομαι αὐτῆς,"}]},{"lemma":"περιέχω","count":1,"glosses":["we protected"],"forms":["περισχόμεθ"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":"περιέχω 'hold around' — i.e. shielded Maron's family when the Greeks sacked Ismaros, explaining his gratitude.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.199","id":"b9-l199","source":"οὕνεκά μιν σὺν παιδὶ περισχόμεθʼ ἠδὲ γυναικὶ"}]},{"lemma":"περιίστημι","count":3,"glosses":["stood around","stood arched"],"forms":["περιστάθη","περίστησάν","περισταῖεν"],"morphology":["aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active optative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"περιστάθη, aorist passive of περιίστημι, 'was made to stand around' — the sea itself forms a concealing wall.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.243","id":"b11-l243","source":"πορφύρεον δʼ ἄρα κῦμα περιστάθη, οὔρεϊ ἶσον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.356","id":"b12-l356","source":"τὰς δὲ περίστησάν τε καὶ εὐχετόωντο θεοῖσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.50","id":"b20-l50","source":"νῶϊ περισταῖεν, κτεῖναι μεμαῶτες Ἄρηϊ,"}]},{"lemma":"περικαλλής","count":34,"glosses":["very beautiful","lovely","very lovely","beautiful","surpassingly beautiful","most beautiful"],"forms":["περικαλλέα","περικαλλέ","περικαλλέας","περικαλλέος","περικαλλὲς","περικαλλές"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","accusative dual neuter adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","genitive singular neuter adjective"],"note":"περικαλλής, 'exceedingly beautiful' (περί- intensifying prefix + καλός), a common Homeric superlative-by-compounding for prized objects.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.153","id":"b1-l153","source":"κῆρυξ δʼ ἐν χερσὶν κίθαριν περικαλλέα θῆκεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.425","id":"b1-l425","source":"Τηλέμαχος δʼ, ὅθι οἱ θάλαμος περικαλλέος αὐλῆς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.117","id":"b2-l117","source":"ἔργα τʼ ἐπίστασθαι περικαλλέα καὶ φρένας ἐσθλὰς"}]},{"lemma":"περικήδομαι","count":2,"glosses":["cared for"],"forms":["περικήδετο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"περικήδομαι 'be greatly concerned about', intensive περι- prefix stresses depth of loyalty.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.219","id":"b3-l219","source":"ὡς τότʼ Ὀδυσσῆος περικήδετο κυδαλίμοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.527","id":"b14-l527","source":"ὅττι ῥά οἱ βιότου περικήδετο νόσφιν ἐόντος."}]},{"lemma":"Περικλύμενος","count":1,"glosses":["Periclymenus"],"forms":["Περικλύμενόν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.286","id":"b11-l286","source":"Νέστορά τε Χρόμιον τε Περικλύμενόν τʼ ἀγέρωχον."}]},{"lemma":"περικλυτός","count":12,"glosses":["far-famed","famous","glorious","famous, renowned"],"forms":["περικλυτός","περικλυτόν","περικλυτὸς","περικλυτοῦ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":"περικλυτός is a stock epic epithet for craftsmen/singers, here for the bard Phemius.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.325","id":"b1-l325","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἀοιδὸς ἄειδε περικλυτός, οἱ δὲ σιωπῇ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.9","id":"b4-l9","source":"Μυρμιδόνων προτὶ ἄστυ περικλυτόν, οἷσιν ἄνασσεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.83","id":"b8-l83","source":"ταῦτʼ ἄρʼ ἀοιδὸς ἄειδε περικλυτός· αὐτὰρ\n                  Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"περικτίονες","count":2,"glosses":["neighboring","neighbors"],"forms":["περικτίονας","περικτίται"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.65","id":"b2-l65","source":"ἄλλους τʼ αἰδέσθητε περικτίονας ἀνθρώπους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.288","id":"b11-l288","source":"τὴν πάντες μνώοντο περικτίται· οὐδʼ ἄρα Νηλεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"περιμαιμάω","count":1,"glosses":["groping about"],"forms":["περιμαιμώωσα"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"περιμαιμώωσα, a rare lengthened epic participle form of περιμαιμάω 'grope around greedily'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.95","id":"b12-l95","source":"αὐτοῦ δʼ ἰχθυάᾳ, σκόπελον περιμαιμώωσα,"}]},{"lemma":"Περιμήδης","count":2,"glosses":["Perimedes"],"forms":["Περιμήδης"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.23","id":"b11-l23","source":"ἔνθʼ ἱερήια μὲν Περιμήδης Εὐρύλοχός τε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.195","id":"b12-l195","source":"αὐτίκα δʼ ἀνστάντες Περιμήδης Εὐρύλοχός τε"}]},{"lemma":"περιμήκετος","count":1,"glosses":["towering"],"forms":["περιμήκετον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.103","id":"b6-l103","source":"ἢ κατὰ Τηΰγετον περιμήκετον ἢ Ἐρύμανθον,"}]},{"lemma":"περιμήκης","count":7,"glosses":["very long","long","towering"],"forms":["περιμήκεα","περιμήκεϊ","περιμήκεες","περίμηκες"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"περι- 'around/exceedingly' + μήκης 'long/tall', an epic compound for vastness","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.487","id":"b9-l487","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ χείρεσσι λαβὼν περιμήκεα κοντὸν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.293","id":"b10-l293","source":"ὁππότε κεν Κίρκη σʼ ἐλάσῃ περιμήκεϊ ῥάβδῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.90","id":"b12-l90","source":"ἓξ δέ τέ οἱ δειραὶ περιμήκεες, ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ"}]},{"lemma":"περιμηχανάομαι","count":2,"glosses":["are devising","began contriving"],"forms":["περιμηχανόωνται","περιμηχανόωντο"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"περιμηχανόωνται: uncontracted epic middle form of -άομαι, 'contrive/scheme around'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.200","id":"b7-l200","source":"ἄλλο τι δὴ τόδʼ ἔπειτα θεοὶ περιμηχανόωνται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.340","id":"b14-l340","source":"αὐτίκα δούλιον ἦμαρ ἐμοὶ περιμηχανόωντο."}]},{"lemma":"περιναιετάω","count":4,"glosses":["dwell around","lie round about","dwell nearby"],"forms":["περιναιετάουσι","περιναιετάουσιν"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"περιναιετάω, compound of ναίω 'dwell' with περι- 'around', describing outlying settlers near the city.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.66","id":"b2-l66","source":"οἳ περιναιετάουσι· θεῶν δʼ ὑποδείσατε μῆνιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.177","id":"b4-l177","source":"αἳ περιναιετάουσιν, ἀνάσσονται δʼ ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.551","id":"b8-l551","source":"ἄλλοι θʼ οἳ κατὰ ἄστυ καὶ οἳ περιναιετάουσιν."}]},{"lemma":"περιξεστός","count":1,"glosses":["polished"],"forms":["περιξεστῇ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.79","id":"b12-l79","source":"πέτρη γὰρ λίς ἐστι, περιξεστῇ ἐικυῖα."}]},{"lemma":"περιπέλομαι","count":2,"glosses":["as they wheeled round","coming round"],"forms":["περιπλομένων","περιπλομένου"],"morphology":["present participle, genitive plural masculine","present participle, genitive singular masculine"],"note":"περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν is a genitive absolute: 'as the years/seasons revolved,' idiomatic for time passing.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.16","id":"b1-l16","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ἔτος ἦλθε περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.248","id":"b11-l248","source":"χαῖρε, γύναι, φιλότητι· περιπλομένου δʼ\n                        ἐνιαυτοῦ"}]},{"lemma":"περιπλέκω","count":2,"glosses":["clinging around","embraced"],"forms":["περιπλεχθεὶς","περιπλέχθη"],"morphology":["aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"aorist passive participle, lit. 'having been wrapped around' the mast","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.313","id":"b14-l313","source":"τῷ ῥα περιπλεχθεὶς φερόμην ὀλοοῖς ἀνέμοισιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.33","id":"b23-l33","source":"γρηῒ περιπλέχθη, βλεφάρων δʼ ἀπὸ δάκρυον ἧκεν·"}]},{"lemma":"περιπληθής","count":1,"glosses":["very crowded"],"forms":["περιπληθὴς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.405","id":"b15-l405","source":"οὔ τι περιπληθὴς λίην τόσον, ἀλλʼ ἀγαθὴ μέν,"}]},{"lemma":"περιρρέω","count":1,"glosses":["ran round"],"forms":["περίρρεε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.388","id":"b9-l388","source":"δινέομεν, τὸν δʼ αἷμα περίρρεε θερμὸν ἐόντα."}]},{"lemma":"περιρρηδής","count":1,"glosses":["sprawling"],"forms":["περιρρηδὴς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"περιρρηδής 'falling headlong around' — rare, vivid adjective for his collapse over the table.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.84","id":"b22-l84","source":"φάσγανον ἧκε χαμᾶζε, περιρρηδὴς δὲ τραπέζῃ"}]},{"lemma":"περισαίνω","count":3,"glosses":["fawning","fawned around","fawn around"],"forms":["περισσαίνοντες","περίσσαινον","περισσαίνουσι"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"περισαίνω 'wag around/fawn' — describes wolves/lions acting like tame dogs, an uncanny image.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.215","id":"b10-l215","source":"οὐρῇσιν μακρῇσι περισσαίνοντες ἀνέσταν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.4","id":"b16-l4","source":"Τηλέμαχον δὲ περίσσαινον κύνες ὑλακόμωροι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.10","id":"b16-l10","source":"ἀλλὰ περισσαίνουσι· ποδῶν δʼ ὑπὸ δοῦπον ἀκούω."}]},{"lemma":"περισθενέω","count":1,"glosses":["in great strength"],"forms":["περισθενέων"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"περισθενέων, a rare epic participle: 'being overpowering in strength.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.368","id":"b22-l368","source":"μή με περισθενέων δηλήσεται ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"περιστέλλω","count":1,"glosses":["wrapping"],"forms":["περιστείλασα"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"περιστέλλω 'wrap/lay out' the corpse — the ritual act of preparing a body for burial.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.293","id":"b24-l293","source":"κλαῦσε περιστείλασα πατήρ θʼ, οἵ μιν τεκόμεσθα·"}]},{"lemma":"περιστέφω","count":1,"glosses":["is crowning"],"forms":["περιστέφει"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"περιστέφει 'wreathes around' — vivid image of Zeus ringing the sky with storm clouds.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.303","id":"b5-l303","source":"οἵοισιν νεφέεσσι περιστέφει οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν"}]},{"lemma":"περιστείχω","count":1,"glosses":["you circled"],"forms":["περίστειξας"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.277","id":"b4-l277","source":"τρὶς δὲ περίστειξας κοῖλον λόχον ἀμφαφόωσα,"}]},{"lemma":"περιστεναχίζομαι","count":1,"glosses":["resounded around"],"forms":["περιστεναχίζετο"],"morphology":["imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"περι- prefix 'all around' + στεναχίζομαι 'groan/resound' — the house reverberates with dancing feet.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.146","id":"b23-l146","source":"τοῖσιν δὲ μέγα δῶμα περιστεναχίζετο ποσσὶν"}]},{"lemma":"περιστεναχίζω","count":1,"glosses":["echoes"],"forms":["περιστεναχίζεται"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Compound περιστεναχίζεται 'groans/resounds all around' evokes the noise of feasting.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.10","id":"b10-l10","source":"κνισῆεν δέ τε δῶμα περιστεναχίζεται αὐλῇ"}]},{"lemma":"περιστρέφω","count":1,"glosses":["whirling round"],"forms":["περιστρέψας"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.189","id":"b8-l189","source":"τόν ῥα περιστρέψας ἧκε στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρός,"}]},{"lemma":"περιτέλλομαι","count":2,"glosses":["as it came round","turning round, revolving"],"forms":["περιτελλομένου"],"morphology":["aorist middle participle, genitive singular neuter","aorist participle, genitive singular neuter"],"note":"genitive absolute construction: 'the year having come round' — ἔτεος περιτελλομένου.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.295","id":"b11-l295","source":"ἂψ περιτελλομένου ἔτεος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.294","id":"b14-l294","source":"ἄψ περιτελλομένου ἔτεος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι,"}]},{"lemma":"περιτέμνω","count":2,"glosses":["cutting off"],"forms":["περιταμνόμενον","περιταμνομένους"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine","present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine"],"note":"circumstantial participle describing Agamemnon as raider, 'while cutting off cattle'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.402","id":"b11-l402","source":"βοῦς περιταμνόμενον ἠδʼ οἰῶν πώεα καλά,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.112","id":"b24-l112","source":"βοῦς περιταμνομένους ἠδʼ οἰῶν πώεα καλά,"}]},{"lemma":"περιτίθημι","count":1,"glosses":["might place around"],"forms":["περιθεῖεν"],"morphology":["aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"optative of wish (περιθεῖεν), 'might clothe me in'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.205","id":"b3-l205","source":"αἲ γὰρ ἐμοὶ τοσσήνδε θεοὶ δύναμιν περιθεῖεν,"}]},{"lemma":"περιτρέφομαι","count":1,"glosses":["crusted over"],"forms":["περιτρέφετο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"περιτρέφετο: 'was formed/thickened around,' describing ice literally caking the shield-rims.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.477","id":"b14-l477","source":"ψυχρή, καὶ σακέεσσι περιτρέφετο κρύσταλλος."}]},{"lemma":"περιτρομέω","count":1,"glosses":["trembled all over"],"forms":["περιτρομέοντο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.77","id":"b18-l77","source":"δειδιότα· σάρκες δὲ περιτρομέοντο μέλεσσιν."}]},{"lemma":"περιτροπέω","count":1,"glosses":["turning about"],"forms":["περιτροπέοντες"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"περιτροπέοντες: they circle the sheep round repeatedly, herding them zigzag to the ship.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.465","id":"b9-l465","source":"πολλὰ περιτροπέοντες ἐλαύνομεν, ὄφρʼ ἐπὶ νῆα"}]},{"lemma":"περιφαίνομαι","count":1,"glosses":["open clearing"],"forms":["περιφαινομένῳ"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, dative singular neuter"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.476","id":"b5-l476","source":"ἐν περιφαινομένῳ· δοιοὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπήλυθε θάμνους,"}]},{"lemma":"περιφράζομαι","count":1,"glosses":["let us take counsel"],"forms":["περιφραζώμεθα"],"morphology":["present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb"],"note":"Subjunctive hortatory 1st plural περιφραζώμεθα, 'let us all plan together' — a formal deliberative proposal among gods.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.76","id":"b1-l76","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ, ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεθα πάντες"}]},{"lemma":"περιφραδής","count":2,"glosses":["skillfully","carefully"],"forms":["περιφραδέως"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.431","id":"b14-l431","source":"ὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.423","id":"b19-l423","source":"ὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, δάσσαντό τε μοίρας."}]},{"lemma":"περιφύομαι","count":4,"glosses":["embracing","clinging","embrace"],"forms":["περιφύς","περιφῦσ","περιφῦναι","περιφὺς"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist active infinitive"],"note":"περιφύς, literally 'having grown around' — a physically intense verb for clinging embrace.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.21","id":"b16-l21","source":"πάντα κύσεν περιφύς, ὡς ἐκ θανάτοιο φυγόντα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.416","id":"b19-l416","source":"μήτηρ δʼ Ἀμφιθέη μητρὸς περιφῦσʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.236","id":"b24-l236","source":"κύσσαι καὶ περιφῦναι ἑὸν πατέρʼ, ἠδὲ ἕκαστα"}]},{"lemma":"περιχέω","count":7,"glosses":["overlays","having gilded, overlaid","pour over","poured around","had poured","poured"],"forms":["περίχευεν","περιχεύεται","περιχεύας","περιχεύῃ","περίχευε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"περιχεύας 'pouring around' aorist participle, describing gold poured over the horns.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.384","id":"b3-l384","source":"τήν τοι ἐγὼ ῥέξω χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.426","id":"b3-l426","source":"ἐλθεῖν, ὄφρα βοὸς χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.437","id":"b3-l437","source":"χρυσὸν ἔδωχʼ· ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα βοὸς κέρασιν περίχευεν"}]},{"lemma":"περιώσιος","count":1,"glosses":["excessively"],"forms":["περιώσιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.203","id":"b16-l203","source":"οὔτε τι θαυμάζειν περιώσιον οὔτʼ ἀγάασθαι·"}]},{"lemma":"περιωπή","count":1,"glosses":["lookout point"],"forms":["περιωπήν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.146","id":"b10-l146","source":"καρπαλίμως παρὰ νηὸς ἀνήιον ἐς περιωπήν,"}]},{"lemma":"περόνη","count":3,"glosses":["brooch","brooches"],"forms":["περόναι","περόνη","περόνην"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.293","id":"b18-l293","source":"ποικίλον· ἐν δʼ ἀρʼ ἔσαν περόναι δυοκαίδεκα πᾶσαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.226","id":"b19-l226","source":"διπλῆν· αὐτάρ οἱ περόνη χρυσοῖο τέτυκτο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.256","id":"b19-l256","source":"πτύξασʼ ἐκ θαλάμου, περόνην τʼ ἐπέθηκα φαεινὴν"}]},{"lemma":"Περσεύς","count":2,"glosses":["Perseus"],"forms":["Περσεύς","Περσεὺς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.414","id":"b3-l414","source":"Περσεύς τʼ Ἄρητός τε καὶ ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.444","id":"b3-l444","source":"Περσεὺς δʼ ἀμνίον εἶχε· γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Νέστωρ"}]},{"lemma":"Περσεφόνεια","count":11,"glosses":["Persephone","of Persephone","to Persephone"],"forms":["Περσεφόνεια","Περσεφονείης","Περσεφονείῃ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Genitive singular epithet-name marking the goddess of the underworld who owns these groves.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.491","id":"b10-l491","source":"εἰς Ἀίδαο δόμους καὶ ἐπαινῆς Περσεφονείης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.494","id":"b10-l494","source":"τῷ καὶ τεθνηῶτι νόον πόρε Περσεφόνεια,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.509","id":"b10-l509","source":"ἔνθʼ ἀκτή τε λάχεια καὶ ἄλσεα Περσεφονείης,"}]},{"lemma":"πεσσεύω","count":2,"glosses":["they hurried","has hurled"],"forms":["ἐπεσσεύοντο","ἐπέσσευεν"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ἐπέσσευεν from ἐπισεύω 'drive/hurl upon', not related to πεσσεύω (board-game) despite similar lemma spelling","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.19","id":"b13-l19","source":"νῆάδʼ ἐπεσσεύοντο, φέρον δʼ εὐήνορα χαλκόν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.256","id":"b18-l256","source":"νῦν δʼ ἄχομαι· τόσα γάρ μοι ἐπέσσευεν κακὰ δαίμων."}]},{"lemma":"πεσσός","count":1,"glosses":["with draughts"],"forms":["πεσσοῖσι"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine noun"],"note":"πεσσοῖσι, 'gaming pieces/draughts,' shows the suitors idling at board games before Odysseus's house.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.107","id":"b1-l107","source":"πεσσοῖσι προπάροιθε θυράων θυμὸν ἔτερπον"}]},{"lemma":"πετάννυμι","count":12,"glosses":["spreading","spread out","spreading out","spread","he spread","spreads out","might stir","swung open"],"forms":["πετάσσας","πέτασσαν","πέτασ","πέπταται","πέτασαν","πετάσειε","πετάσθησαν"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"πετάσσας (aorist participle of πετάννυμι) pictures the action as completed just before the seating — a vivid Homeric touch of household ceremony for a guest.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.130","id":"b1-l130","source":"αὐτὴν δʼ ἐς θρόνον εἷσεν ἄγων, ὑπὸ λῖτα πετάσσας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.783","id":"b4-l783","source":"πάντα κατὰ μοῖραν, ἀνά θʼ ἱστία λευκὰ πέτασσαν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.269","id":"b5-l269","source":"γηθόσυνος δʼ οὔρῳ πέτασʼ ἱστία δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς."}]},{"lemma":"πετεινός","count":2,"glosses":["of winged things","fledged"],"forms":["πετεηνῶν","πετεηνὰ"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.87","id":"b13-l87","source":"κίρκος ὁμαρτήσειεν, ἐλαφρότατος πετεηνῶν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.218","id":"b16-l218","source":"ἀγρόται ἐξείλοντο πάρος πετεηνὰ γενέσθαι·"}]},{"lemma":"πετραῖος","count":1,"glosses":["of the rock"],"forms":["πετραίην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.231","id":"b12-l231","source":"Σκύλλην πετραίην, ἥ μοι φέρε πῆμʼ ἑτάροισιν."}]},{"lemma":"πετρήεις","count":1,"glosses":["rocky"],"forms":["πετρήεσσα"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πετρήεσσα, 'rocky/craggy' — a common landscape epithet in epic geography","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.844","id":"b4-l844","source":"ἔστι δέ τις νῆσος μέσσῃ ἁλὶ πετρήεσσα,"}]},{"lemma":"πεύθομαι","count":12,"glosses":["had overheard","would hear","we have learned","I learn","might hear","to learn","to find out, learn","let find out","she had learned","learning of","would overhear"],"forms":["πευθοίαθ","ἐπεύθετο","πεύθεσθαι","πευθόμεθ","πεύθομαι","πευθέσθω","πεύθετο","πευθόμενος"],"morphology":["present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive infinitive","present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive imperative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"the optative after ἵνα μὴ expresses purpose in secondary sequence — 'so that they might not hear.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.157","id":"b1-l157","source":"ἄγχι σχὼν κεφαλήν, ἵνα μὴ πευθοίαθʼ οἱ ἄλλοι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.87","id":"b3-l87","source":"πευθόμεθʼ, ἧχι ἕκαστος ἀπώλετο λυγρῷ ὀλέθρῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.187","id":"b3-l187","source":"πεύθομαι, ἣ θέμις ἐστί, δαήσεαι, οὐδέ σε κεύσω."}]},{"lemma":"πη","count":11,"glosses":["anywhere","somewhere","where","nowhere, anywhere","nowhere"],"forms":["πῃ","πη","πῆ"],"morphology":["particle"],"note":"πῃ...ἄλλῃ 'somewhere else,' an indefinite adverb pair spanning the line to ask where Menelaus was.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.127","id":"b2-l127","source":"ἡμεῖς δʼ οὔτʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα πάρος γʼ ἴμεν οὔτε πῃ ἄλλῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.251","id":"b3-l251","source":"ἦ οὐκ Ἄργεος ἦεν Ἀχαιικοῦ, ἀλλά πῃ ἄλλῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.140","id":"b5-l140","source":"πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον· πέμψω δέ μιν οὔ πῃ ἐγώ γε·"}]},{"lemma":"πήγνυμι","count":6,"glosses":["fasten","fix","having planted","we fixed","fixed","planting"],"forms":["πῆξαι","πῆξαί","πήξας","πήξαμεν","πῆξε","πήξαντ"],"morphology":["aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"πήξας 'having fixed/planted' — the ritual act that ends Odysseus's wandering with the oar.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.163","id":"b5-l163","source":"εὐρεῖαν σχεδίην· ἀτὰρ ἴκρια πῆξαι ἐπʼ αὐτῆς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.77","id":"b11-l77","source":"ταῦτά τέ μοι τελέσαι πῆξαί τʼ ἐπὶ τύμβῳ ἐρετμόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.129","id":"b11-l129","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ γαίῃ πήξας ἐυῆρες ἐρετμόν,"}]},{"lemma":"πήληξ","count":1,"glosses":["a helmet"],"forms":["πήληκα"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.256","id":"b1-l256","source":"σταίη, ἔχων πήληκα καὶ ἀσπίδα καὶ δύο δοῦρε,"}]},{"lemma":"Πήλιον","count":1,"glosses":["Pelion"],"forms":["Πήλιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.316","id":"b11-l316","source":"Πήλιον εἰνοσίφυλλον, ἵνʼ οὐρανὸς ἀμβατὸς εἴη."}]},{"lemma":"πήρα","count":6,"glosses":["pouch","wallet","wallet, beggar's bag","the wallet"],"forms":["πήρην","πήρης"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"πήρην, Odysseus' beggar's pouch, filling as he collects alms","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.437","id":"b13-l437","source":"ψιλόν· δῶκε δέ οἱ σκῆπτρον καὶ ἀεικέα πήρην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.197","id":"b17-l197","source":"ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἀεικέα βάλλετο πήρην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.357","id":"b17-l357","source":"αὖθι ποδῶν προπάροιθεν, ἀεικελίης ἐπὶ πήρης,"}]},{"lemma":"πῆ","count":8,"glosses":["where","where?","how"],"forms":["πῇ","πῆ"],"morphology":["pronoun","adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.364","id":"b2-l364","source":"ἔπλετο; πῇ δʼ ἐθέλεις ἰέναι πολλὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.281","id":"b10-l281","source":"πῇ δὴ αὖτʼ, ὦ δύστηνε, διʼ ἄκριας ἔρχεαι\n                        οἶος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.287","id":"b12-l287","source":"γίγνονται· πῇ κέν τις ὑπεκφύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον,"}]},{"lemma":"πῆμα","count":31,"glosses":["hardships","harm","calamity","trouble","sufferings","of woe","troubles, sufferings","troubles","a ruin","pain","a bane","doom","grief","ruin, doom","depth","suffering","plague/nuisance","disaster"],"forms":["πῆμα","πήματα","πήματ","πῆμ","πήματος"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun"],"note":"πῆμα ('woe') here forms the phrase 'depth of misery' with δύης, a vivid epic pairing.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.49","id":"b1-l49","source":"δυσμόρῳ, ὃς δὴ δηθὰ φίλων ἄπο πήματα πάσχει"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.190","id":"b1-l190","source":"ἔρχεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀπάνευθεν ἐπʼ ἀγροῦ πήματα πάσχειν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.163","id":"b2-l163","source":"τοῖσιν γὰρ μέγα πῆμα κυλίνδεται· οὐ γὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"πῆχυς","count":4,"glosses":["arms","the bow-bridge","her two arms","his two arms"],"forms":["πήχεε","πήχει"],"morphology":["accusative dual masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"πήχεε, dual number for a natural pair (forearms) — Homeric Greek keeps the dual for body parts.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.38","id":"b17-l38","source":"ἀμφὶ δὲ παιδὶ φίλῳ βάλε πήχεε δακρύσασα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.419","id":"b21-l419","source":"τόν ῥʼ ἐπὶ πήχει ἑλὼν ἕλκεν νευρὴν γλυφίδας τε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.240","id":"b23-l240","source":"δειρῆς δʼ οὔ πω πάμπαν ἀφίετο πήχεε λευκώ."}]},{"lemma":"πηγή","count":1,"glosses":["springs"],"forms":["πηγὰς"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.124","id":"b6-l124","source":"καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν καὶ πίσεα ποιήεντα."}]},{"lemma":"πηγός","count":2,"glosses":["heaving/surging","swollen"],"forms":["πηγῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"πηγός here 'strong/heaving' describing the swelling sea that tosses Odysseus for two days and nights.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.388","id":"b5-l388","source":"ἔνθα δύω νύκτας δύο τʼ ἤματα κύματι πηγῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.235","id":"b23-l235","source":"ῥαίσῃ, ἐπειγομένην ἀνέμῳ καὶ κύματι πηγῷ·"}]},{"lemma":"πηγυλίς","count":1,"glosses":["freezing"],"forms":["πηγυλίς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.476","id":"b14-l476","source":"πηγυλίς· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε χιὼν γένετʼ ἠΰτε πάχνη,"}]},{"lemma":"πηδάλιον","count":5,"glosses":["steering-oar","a steering-oar","with the steering-oar","the steering-oar","steering-oars"],"forms":["πηδάλιον","πηδαλίῳ","πηδάλι"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun"],"note":"πηδάλιον, object of the verb in the next line (προέηκε), a run-on across lines typical of Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.281","id":"b3-l281","source":"πηδάλιον μετὰ χερσὶ θεούσης νηὸς ἔχοντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.255","id":"b5-l255","source":"πρὸς δʼ ἄρα πηδάλιον ποιήσατο, ὄφρʼ ἰθύνοι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.270","id":"b5-l270","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ πηδαλίῳ ἰθύνετο τεχνηέντως"}]},{"lemma":"πηδόν","count":2,"glosses":["with the oar-blade","with oar-blade"],"forms":["πηδῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.328","id":"b7-l328","source":"νῆες ἐμαὶ καὶ κοῦροι ἀναρρίπτειν ἅλα πηδῷ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.78","id":"b13-l78","source":"εὖθʼ οἱ ἀνακλινθέντες ἀνερρίπτουν ἅλα πηδῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"πηκτός","count":1,"glosses":["jointed, fitted"],"forms":["πηκτὸν"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.32","id":"b13-l32","source":"νειὸν ἀνʼ ἕλκητον βόε οἴνοπε πηκτὸν ἄροτρον·"}]},{"lemma":"Πηλείδης","count":2,"glosses":["son of Peleus"],"forms":["Πηλεΐδεω","Πηλεΐδαο"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.75","id":"b8-l75","source":"νεῖκος Ὀδυσσῆος καὶ Πηλεΐδεω Ἀχιλῆος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.18","id":"b24-l18","source":"τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐδαο"}]},{"lemma":"Πηλείων","count":3,"glosses":["son of Peleus"],"forms":["Πηλεΐωνα","Πηλεΐωνος"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"patronymic Πηλείων for Achilles, echoing l467's Πηληϊάδεω","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.470","id":"b11-l470","source":"τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.551","id":"b11-l551","source":"τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.23","id":"b24-l23","source":"τὸν προτέρη ψυχὴ προσεφώνεε Πηλεΐωνος·"}]},{"lemma":"Πηλεύς","count":5,"glosses":["of Peleus","Peleus","son of Peleus"],"forms":["Πηλῆος","Πηλεΐωνι","Πηλέος"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Patronymic epithet for Achilles, dative after περί 'around'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.310","id":"b5-l310","source":"Τρῶες ἐπέρριψαν περὶ Πηλεΐωνι θανόντι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.478","id":"b11-l478","source":"ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱέ, μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.494","id":"b11-l494","source":"εἰπὲ δέ μοι Πηλῆος ἀμύμονος, εἴ τι πέπυσσαι,"}]},{"lemma":"Πηληιάδης","count":1,"glosses":["son of Peleus"],"forms":["Πηληϊάδεω"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"Patronymic Πηληϊάδεω, in apposition/parallel with Ἀχιλῆος - doubled naming typical of epic solemnity.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.15","id":"b24-l15","source":"εὗρον δὲ ψυχὴν Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος"}]},{"lemma":"πημαίνω","count":2,"glosses":["to be harmed","came to harm"],"forms":["πημανθῆναι","πημάνθη"],"morphology":["aorist passive infinitive","aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"aorist passive infinitive of πημαίνω, 'harm/hurt'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.563","id":"b8-l563","source":"οὔτε τι πημανθῆναι ἔπι δέος οὔτʼ ἀπολέσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.255","id":"b14-l255","source":"νηῶν πημάνθη, ἀλλʼ 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Πηνελόπεια."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.329","id":"b1-l329","source":"κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.121","id":"b2-l121","source":"τάων οὔ τις ὁμοῖα νοήματα Πηνελοπείῃ"}]},{"lemma":"πηός","count":3,"glosses":["kinsman","kinsmen"],"forms":["πηὸς","πηῷ","πηούς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":"πηός: 'in-law/kinsman by marriage,' Eurylochus was Odysseus's brother-in-law.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.581","id":"b8-l581","source":"ἦ τίς τοι καὶ πηὸς ἀπέφθιτο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.441","id":"b10-l441","source":"καὶ πηῷ περ ἐόντι μάλα σχεδόν· ἀλλά μʼ ἑταῖροι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.120","id":"b23-l120","source":"φεύγει πηούς τε προλιπὼν καὶ πατρίδα γαῖαν·"}]},{"lemma":"Πηρώ","count":1,"glosses":["Pero"],"forms":["Πηρὼ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.287","id":"b11-l287","source":"τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ ἰφθίμην Πηρὼ τέκε, θαῦμα βροτοῖσι,"}]},{"lemma":"πίειρα","count":1,"glosses":["rich"],"forms":["πίειρα"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.173","id":"b19-l173","source":"καλὴ καὶ πίειρα, περίρρυτος· ἐν δʼ ἄνθρωποι"}]},{"lemma":"πίθος","count":2,"glosses":["jars","of jars"],"forms":["πίθοι","πίθων"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.340","id":"b2-l340","source":"ἐν δὲ πίθοι οἴνοιο παλαιοῦ ἡδυπότοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.305","id":"b23-l305","source":"ἔσφαζον, πολλὸς δὲ πίθων ἠφύσσετο οἶνος·"}]},{"lemma":"πίμπλημι","count":16,"glosses":["was filled","having filled","were filled","filled","they might satisfy"],"forms":["πλῆτο","πλῆσθεν","πίμπλαντο","πλησάμενος","πίμπλαντ","πλήσασα","πλῆντο","πλησάμενοι","πλῆσαν","πλησαίατο"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"πλήσασα governs the genitive ἀμβροσίης — 'filling (the table) with ambrosia,' a genitive of material.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.662","id":"b4-l662","source":"πίμπλαντʼ, ὄσσε δέ οἱ πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι ἐίκτην·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.705","id":"b4-l705","source":"δακρυόφι πλῆσθεν, θαλερὴ δέ οἱ ἔσχετο φωνή."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.93","id":"b5-l93","source":"ἀμβροσίης πλήσασα, κέρασσε δὲ νέκταρ ἐρυθρόν."}]},{"lemma":"πίναξ","count":4,"glosses":["platters","planks"],"forms":["πίνακας","πίνακάς"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.141","id":"b1-l141","source":"δαιτρὸς δὲ κρειῶν πίνακας παρέθηκεν ἀείρας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.57","id":"b4-l57","source":"δαιτρὸς δὲ κρειῶν πίνακας παρέθηκεν ἀείρας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.67","id":"b12-l67","source":"ἀλλά θʼ ὁμοῦ πίνακάς τε νεῶν καὶ σώματα φωτῶν"}]},{"lemma":"πίνω","count":66,"glosses":["drinking","to drink","drank","drink","had drunk","they drank","drinks","he drank","let them drink","as they drank","they were drinking","was drunk","I might drink","I may drink","was drinking","I drank","would drink","had been drinking","being drunk","he might drink"],"forms":["πῖνε","πίνων","πίεν","ἔπιόν","πινέμεν","ἔπιον","πίνειν","πῖνέ","πιέμεν","πίνουσί","πίνοντας","ἔπινον","πιεῖν","πίνετε","πιέειν","πίνοντά","πινόντων","πίνοντες","πίνετο","πίνοιεν","πίε","πιόμενος","πίοιμι","πιὼν","πίῃ","πίω","πίνετ","πίνουσαι","ἔπινεν","πίνοντέ","ἔπιεν","πίον","πινομένοιο","πίνῃ","πίοι"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","present active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active imperative, 2nd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, accusative plural masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active imperative, 2nd plural verb","present active participle, accusative singular 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needed.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.258","id":"b1-l258","source":"οἴκῳ ἐν ἡμετέρῳ πίνοντά τε τερπόμενόν τε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.340","id":"b1-l340","source":"οἶνον πινόντων· ταύτης δʼ ἀποπαύεʼ ἀοιδῆς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.57","id":"b2-l57","source":"εἰλαπινάζουσιν πίνουσί τε αἴθοπα οἶνον"}]},{"lemma":"πίπτω","count":46,"glosses":["fell","falling","falls","crouching","was falling","I fell/collapsed","has fallen","it fell","I fell","fall","crouched low","dropped","fallen","were falling"],"forms":["πέσε","πέσεν","πέσον","ἔπιπτεν","ἔπεσον","ἔπεσ","ἔπιπτον","πέσῃσιν","πίπτει","πεσόντα","πεσών","πῖπτε","πεσὼν","ἔπιπτε","πεπτηώς","πεπτηῶτες","πεσόντος","πεσοῦσ","πεσοῦσα","πεπτηὼς","πεπτεῶτας","πῖπτεν","ἔπεσε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine","perfect active participle, accusative plural masculine"],"note":"ἔπιπτεν: imperfect 'was falling'; negated by οὐδέ earlier in the clause, giving 'did not fall'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.398","id":"b2-l398","source":"ἥατʼ, ἐπεί σφισιν ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἔπιπτεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.271","id":"b5-l271","source":"ἥμενος, οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἔπιπτεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.295","id":"b5-l295","source":"σὺν δʼ Εὖρός τε Νότος τʼ ἔπεσον Ζέφυρός τε δυσαὴς"}]},{"lemma":"πίσυνος","count":1,"glosses":["trusting"],"forms":["πίσυνος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πίσυνος + dative, 'relying on' - explains the reckless deeds of the previous line","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.140","id":"b18-l140","source":"πατρί τʼ ἐμῷ πίσυνος καὶ ἐμοῖσι κασιγνήτοισι."}]},{"lemma":"πίτνημι","count":1,"glosses":["stretching"],"forms":["πιτνὰς"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"πιτνάς, 'stretching out (hands),' a gesture of yearning to embrace — poignant since ghosts cannot be touched.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.392","id":"b11-l392","source":"πιτνὰς εἰς ἐμὲ χεῖρας, ὀρέξασθαι μενεαίνων·"}]},{"lemma":"πίτυς","count":1,"glosses":["pines"],"forms":["πίτυσσιν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.186","id":"b9-l186","source":"μακρῇσίν τε πίτυσσιν ἰδὲ δρυσὶν ὑψικόμοισιν."}]},{"lemma":"πίων","count":28,"glosses":["fat","rich","rich, fat","fat, rich","rich, fertile"],"forms":["πίονα","πίονας","πίονι","πίειραν"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine noun","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural feminine adjective","accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.56","id":"b2-l56","source":"βοῦς ἱερεύοντες καὶ ὄις καὶ πίονας αἶγας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.328","id":"b2-l328","source":"ἠὲ καὶ εἰς Ἐφύρην ἐθέλει, πίειραν ἄρουραν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.65","id":"b4-l65","source":"ὣς φάτο, καί σφιν νῶτα βοὸς παρὰ πίονα θῆκεν"}]},{"lemma":"πῖαρ","count":1,"glosses":["rich soil"],"forms":["πῖαρ"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.135","id":"b9-l135","source":"εἰς ὥρας ἀμῷεν, ἐπεὶ μάλα πῖαρ ὑπʼ οὖδας."}]},{"lemma":"πῖσος","count":1,"glosses":["meadows"],"forms":["πίσεα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.124","id":"b6-l124","source":"καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν καὶ πίσεα ποιήεντα."}]},{"lemma":"πιέζω","count":6,"glosses":["pressed shut","press, squeeze","pressed","press, bind","kneaded","pressed tight"],"forms":["πιέζειν","πίεζον","πίεζεν","πιεσθεὶς"],"morphology":["present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"ἐπὶ...πίεζεν is a tmesis: preposition separated from its verb, split across the line by μάστακα χερσὶ.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.287","id":"b4-l287","source":"ἤθελεν. ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἐπὶ μάστακα χερσὶ πίεζεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.419","id":"b4-l419","source":"ὑμεῖς δʼ ἀστεμφέως ἐχέμεν μᾶλλόν τε πιέζειν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.336","id":"b8-l336","source":"ἦ ῥά κεν ἐν δεσμοῖς ἐθέλοις κρατεροῖσι πιεσθεὶς"}]},{"lemma":"Πιερία","count":1,"glosses":["Pieria"],"forms":["Πιερίην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.50","id":"b5-l50","source":"Πιερίην δʼ ἐπιβὰς ἐξ αἰθέρος ἔμπεσε πόντῳ·"}]},{"lemma":"πικρόγαμος","count":3,"glosses":["bitterly-wed","bitter-wed"],"forms":["πικρόγαμοί"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.266","id":"b1-l266","source":"πάντες κʼ ὠκύμοροί τε γενοίατο πικρόγαμοί τε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.346","id":"b4-l346","source":"πάντες κʼ ὠκύμοροί τε γενοίατο πικρόγαμοί τε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.137","id":"b17-l137","source":"πάντες κʼ ὠκύμοροί τε γενοίατο πικρόγαμοί τε."}]},{"lemma":"πικρός","count":5,"glosses":["bitter"],"forms":["πικρὸν","πικρήν","πικρὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.153","id":"b4-l153","source":"ἀμφʼ ἐμοί, αὐτὰρ ὁ πικρὸν ὑπʼ ὀφρύσι δάκρυον εἶβε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.406","id":"b4-l406","source":"πικρὸν ἀποπνείουσαι ἁλὸς πολυβενθέος ὀδμήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.323","id":"b5-l323","source":"πικρήν, ἥ οἱ πολλὴ ἀπὸ κρατὸς κελάρυζεν."}]},{"lemma":"πινυτή","count":2,"glosses":["good sense"],"forms":["πινυτήν","πινυτὴ"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"πινυτή 'prudence, sound mind' personified as reaching the mind","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.71","id":"b20-l71","source":"εἶδος καὶ πινυτήν, μῆκος δʼ ἔπορʼ Ἄρτεμις ἁγνή,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.228","id":"b20-l228","source":"γιγνώσκω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ τοι πινυτὴ φρένας ἵκει,"}]},{"lemma":"πινυτός","count":6,"glosses":["prudent","sensible","of sense","wise"],"forms":["πινυτή","πινυτός","πινυτούς","πινυτῇ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πινυτή 'prudent, sound-minded' — the key word praising Penelope's character.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.229","id":"b1-l229","source":"αἴσχεα πόλλʼ ὁρόων, ὅς τις πινυτός γε μετέλθοι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.211","id":"b4-l211","source":"υἱέας αὖ πινυτούς τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν εἶναι ἀρίστους."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.445","id":"b11-l445","source":"λίην γὰρ πινυτή τε καὶ εὖ φρεσὶ μήδεα οἶδε"}]},{"lemma":"πιστός","count":3,"glosses":["trustworthy","trusty, faithful","faithful"],"forms":["πιστὰ","πιστὸν"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"predicate adjective with implied verb 'are' - Agamemnon's bitter generalization about women after Clytemnestra","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.456","id":"b11-l456","source":"νῆα κατισχέμεναι· ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι πιστὰ γυναιξίν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.539","id":"b15-l539","source":"ἦ καὶ Πείραιον προσεφώνεε, πιστὸν ἑταῖρον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.483","id":"b24-l483","source":"ὅρκια πιστὰ ταμόντες ὁ μὲν βασιλευέτω αἰεί,"}]},{"lemma":"πιστόω","count":2,"glosses":["to be pledged","be convinced"],"forms":["πιστωθῆναι","πιστωθῆτόν"],"morphology":["aorist passive infinitive","aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd dual verb"],"note":"Passive infinitive πιστωθῆναι: 'to be given assurance,' i.e. she asks them to swear to her.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.436","id":"b15-l436","source":"ὅρκῳ πιστωθῆναι ἀπήμονά μʼ οἴκαδʼ ἀπάξειν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.218","id":"b21-l218","source":"ὄφρα μʼ ἐῢ γνῶτον πιστωθῆτόν τʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"πιφαύσκω","count":11,"glosses":["declaring","means to declare","do I declare","reveal","made known","making clear, addressing","I will name","I foretell","making plain","I declare"],"forms":["πιφαύσκομαι","πιφαυσκόμενος","πιφαύσκων","πιφαύσκεται","πιφαυσκέμεν","πίφαυσκον"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"πιφαύσκω, 'make known/proclaim' — reduplicated present stem, an epic-flavored verb of announcing.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.32","id":"b2-l32","source":"ἦέ τι δήμιον ἄλλο πιφαύσκεται ἠδʼ ἀγορεύει;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.44","id":"b2-l44","source":"οὔτε τι δήμιον ἄλλο πιφαύσκομαι οὐδʼ ἀγορεύω,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.162","id":"b2-l162","source":"μνηστῆρσιν δὲ μάλιστα πιφαυσκόμενος τάδε εἴρω·"}]},{"lemma":"πλάζω","count":16,"glosses":["wandering","was driven wandering","drives astray","dazed","wanderer","was wandering","he drifted","wandering/driven off course","do I wander","driven off course","wanders","I will wander","drifting","wander","drove off course"],"forms":["πλαζομένου","πλάζετ","πλάγχθη","πλάζει","πλάζε","πλαζόμενοι","πλάζετο","πλαγχθέντα","πλάζομαι","πλαγχθέντες","πλάγξομαι","πλαζόμενος","πλάζεσθαι","πλάγξ"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive indicative, third singular","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","present medio-passive infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"πλάζει, 'makes wander/buffets' — root of Odysseus's whole wandering plot, echoing the poem's opening πλάγχθη.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.2","id":"b1-l2","source":"πλάγχθη, ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.75","id":"b1-l75","source":"οὔ τι κατακτείνει, πλάζει δʼ ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.396","id":"b2-l396","source":"πλάζε δὲ πίνοντας, χειρῶν δʼ ἔκβαλλε κύπελλα."}]},{"lemma":"Πλαγκταί","count":2,"glosses":["Wandering Rocks","Wandering"],"forms":["Πλαγκτὰς"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":"Πλαγκταί, the mythic Symplegades-like hazard Circe warns against as an alternative route.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.61","id":"b12-l61","source":"Πλαγκτὰς δή τοι τάς γε θεοὶ μάκαρες καλέουσι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.327","id":"b23-l327","source":"ὥς θʼ ἵκετο Πλαγκτὰς πέτρας δεινήν τε Χάρυβδιν"}]},{"lemma":"πλαγκτός","count":1,"glosses":["you fool"],"forms":["πλαγκτέ"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.363","id":"b21-l363","source":"πλαγκτέ; τάχʼ αὖ σʼ ἐφʼ ὕεσσι κύνες ταχέες κατέδονται"}]},{"lemma":"πλαγκτοσύνη","count":1,"glosses":["vagrancy"],"forms":["πλαγκτοσύνης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"πλαγκτοσύνη, an abstract noun for wandering/homelessness, rare and pointed word","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.343","id":"b15-l343","source":"πλαγκτοσύνης δʼ οὐκ ἔστι κακώτερον ἄλλο βροτοῖσιν·"}]},{"lemma":"πλατύς","count":3,"glosses":["broad"],"forms":["πλατέ","πλατεῖ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective","dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.101","id":"b14-l101","source":"τόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.103","id":"b14-l103","source":"ἐνθάδε δʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν ἕνδεκα πάντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.82","id":"b24-l82","source":"ἀκτῇ ἔπι προὐχούσῃ, ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ,"}]},{"lemma":"πλέκω","count":1,"glosses":["plaiting"],"forms":["πλεξάμενος"],"morphology":["aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"πλεξάμενος, aorist middle participle 'having plaited for himself'—precedes συνέδησα, the main verb.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.168","id":"b10-l168","source":"πλεξάμενος συνέδησα πόδας δεινοῖο πελώρου,"}]},{"lemma":"πλέος","count":1,"glosses":["full"],"forms":["πλέον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.355","id":"b20-l355","source":"εἰδώλων δὲ πλέον πρόθυρον, πλείη δὲ καὶ αὐλή,"}]},{"lemma":"πλέω","count":23,"glosses":["we sailed","sailing","do you sail","sailed","we were sailing","would sail","he sailed","I sailed","you shall sail","sail"],"forms":["πλέομεν","πλέων","πλεῖθ","πλέον","ἔπλεον","πλώοιεν","πλέεν","πλεύσεσθ","πλέουσα","ἐπλέομεν","πλείειν","πλείοντες"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active indicative, 2nd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active optative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","future middle indicative, 2nd plural verb","present active participle, nominative singular feminine","present active infinitive","present active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":"Present participle 'sailing' frames the whole journey as background to the main verb 'came' (κατήλυθον) — a classic circumstantial use.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.183","id":"b1-l183","source":"πλέων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον ἐπʼ ἀλλοθρόους ἀνθρώπους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.71","id":"b3-l71","source":"ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; πόθεν πλεῖθʼ ὑγρὰ κέλευθα;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.158","id":"b3-l158","source":"ἔπλεον, ἐστόρεσεν δὲ θεὸς μεγακήτεα πόντον."}]},{"lemma":"πλέως","count":6,"glosses":["full","fuller","full of"],"forms":["πλείη","πλεῖος","πλειοτέρῃ","πλεῖοι","πλεῖον"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","dative singular feminine comparative adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.319","id":"b4-l319","source":"δυσμενέων δʼ ἀνδρῶν πλεῖος δόμος, οἵ τέ μοι αἰεὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.359","id":"b11-l359","source":"πλειοτέρῃ σὺν χειρὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἱκέσθαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.92","id":"b12-l92","source":"πυκνοὶ καὶ θαμέες, πλεῖοι μέλανος θανάτοιο."}]},{"lemma":"πλείων","count":19,"glosses":["more","more numerous","with more","more men","more (in number)","more things","many"],"forms":["πλεόνεσσι","πλέονες","πλέονας","πλεῖον","πλέονάς","πλείονα","πλείοσί","πλέονές","πλείοσιν","πλείους"],"morphology":["dative plural comparative adjective","nominative plural masculine comparative adjective","accusative plural masculine comparative adjective","nominative singular neuter comparative adjective","plural masculine comparative adjective","accusative plural neuter comparative adjective","dative plural masculine comparative adjective"],"note":"comparative πλείων used as predicate: 'though being more' concessive.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.245","id":"b2-l245","source":"ἀνδράσι καὶ πλεόνεσσι μαχήσασθαι περὶ δαιτί."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.251","id":"b2-l251","source":"εἰ πλεόνεσσι μάχοιτο· σὺ δʼ οὐ κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.277","id":"b2-l277","source":"οἱ πλέονες κακίους, παῦροι δέ τε πατρὸς ἀρείους."}]},{"lemma":"πλεῖστος","count":8,"glosses":["most","most, abundantly","greatest","most (Trojans)","the most","most, the greatest gifts"],"forms":["πλεῖστα","πλεῖστον","πλεῖστοι"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"πλεῖστοι 'most/very many' implicitly refers to the Trojans, supplied from context (elided head).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.127","id":"b4-l127","source":"Αἰγυπτίῃς, ὅθι πλεῖστα δόμοις ἐν κτήματα κεῖται·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.229","id":"b4-l229","source":"Αἰγυπτίη, τῇ πλεῖστα φέρει ζείδωρος ἄρουρα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.697","id":"b4-l697","source":"αἲ γὰρ δή, βασίλεια, τόδε πλεῖστον κακὸν εἴη."}]},{"lemma":"Πλειάδες","count":1,"glosses":["the Pleiades"],"forms":["Πληιάδας"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.272","id":"b5-l272","source":"Πληιάδας τʼ ἐσορῶντι καὶ ὀψὲ δύοντα Βοώτην"}]},{"lemma":"πλεκτός","count":3,"glosses":["braided","woven"],"forms":["πλεκτὴν","πλεκτοῖς"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"This whole line repeats verbatim at l192 — a formulaic Homeric line-block reused in the narrated fulfillment.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.247","id":"b9-l247","source":"πλεκτοῖς ἐν ταλάροισιν ἀμησάμενος κατέθηκεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.175","id":"b22-l175","source":"σειρὴν δὲ πλεκτὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ πειρήναντε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.192","id":"b22-l192","source":"σειρὴν δὲ πλεκτὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ πειρήναντε"}]},{"lemma":"πλευρά","count":1,"glosses":["ribs"],"forms":["πλευραὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.232","id":"b17-l232","source":"πλευραὶ ἀποτρίψουσι δόμον κάτα βαλλομένοιο."}]},{"lemma":"πλήθω","count":3,"glosses":["are laden","laden, full","run full"],"forms":["πλήθωσι","πληθούσας","πλήθουσι"],"morphology":["present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, accusative plural feminine","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"πλήθω 'to be full of' + genitive of the stuff (σίτου, κρειῶν) in the next line.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.8","id":"b9-l8","source":"ἥμενοι ἑξείης, παρὰ δὲ πλήθωσι τράπεζαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.419","id":"b11-l419","source":"ὡς ἀμφὶ κρητῆρα τραπέζας τε πληθούσας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.207","id":"b19-l207","source":"τηκομένης δʼ ἄρα τῆς ποταμοὶ πλήθουσι ῥέοντες·"}]},{"lemma":"πλήν","count":1,"glosses":["except"],"forms":["πλήν"],"morphology":["preposition"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.207","id":"b8-l207","source":"πάντων Φαιήκων, πλήν γʼ αὐτοῦ Λαοδάμαντος."}]},{"lemma":"πλήσσω","count":15,"glosses":["struck","having struck","striking","I struck","strikes","unnerve","kicking, striking"],"forms":["πεπληγυῖα","πληγεῖσα","πλήξας","πλῆξεν","πέπληγον","πλῆξα","πλῆξε","πεπλήγετο","πλήξῃ","πλήσσουσι","πληγέντα"],"morphology":["perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist passive participle, nominative plural neuter"],"note":"πέπληγον, reduplicated aorist of πλήσσω 'strike', a vivid Homeric form for a single blow","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.431","id":"b5-l431","source":"πλῆξεν ἐπεσσύμενον, τηλοῦ δέ μιν ἔμβαλε πόντῳ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.264","id":"b8-l264","source":"πέπληγον δὲ χορὸν θεῖον ποσίν. αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.162","id":"b10-l162","source":"πλῆξα· τὸ δʼ ἀντικρὺ δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξεπέρησε,"}]},{"lemma":"πληγή","count":4,"glosses":["with blows","blows","of blows"],"forms":["πληγῇσιν","πληγέων","πληγῇσι"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun"],"note":"genitive of blows/missiles governed by ἀδαήμων 'unversed in'; a beggar's grim boast of experience.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.244","id":"b4-l244","source":"αὐτόν μιν πληγῇσιν ἀεικελίῃσι δαμάσσας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.82","id":"b13-l82","source":"πάντες ἅμʼ ὁρμηθέντες ὑπὸ πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.283","id":"b17-l283","source":"οὐ γάρ τι πληγέων ἀδαήμων οὐδὲ βολάων·"}]},{"lemma":"πληθύς","count":2,"glosses":["throng","by numbers"],"forms":["πληθυῖ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.514","id":"b11-l514","source":"οὔ ποτʼ ἐνὶ πληθυῖ μένεν ἀνδρῶν οὐδʼ ἐν ὁμίλῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.105","id":"b16-l105","source":"εἰ δʼ αὖ με πληθυῖ δαμασαίατο μοῦνον ἐόντα,"}]},{"lemma":"πλημυρίς","count":1,"glosses":["flood-tide"],"forms":["πλημυρὶς"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.486","id":"b9-l486","source":"πλημυρὶς ἐκ πόντοιο, θέμωσε δὲ χέρσον ἱκέσθαι."}]},{"lemma":"πλησίον","count":1,"glosses":["near"],"forms":["πλησίον"],"morphology":["preposition"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.14","id":"b14-l14","source":"πλησίον ἀλλήλων, εὐνὰς συσίν· ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῳ"}]},{"lemma":"πλησίος","count":13,"glosses":["nearby","near","close together","close","neighboring"],"forms":["πλησίον","πλησίαι","πλησίω"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","nominative dual masculine adjective","preposition","accusative singular neuter adjective","adverb"],"note":"dual adjective πλησίω agrees with the pair of eagles, 'near (to each other)'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.149","id":"b2-l149","source":"πλησίω ἀλλήλοισι τιταινομένω πτερύγεσσιν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.71","id":"b5-l71","source":"πλησίαι ἀλλήλων τετραμμέναι ἄλλυδις ἄλλη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.171","id":"b7-l171","source":"ὅς οἱ πλησίον ἷζε, μάλιστα δέ μιν φιλέεσκεν."}]},{"lemma":"πλησίστιος","count":2,"glosses":["sail-filling"],"forms":["πλησίστιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.7","id":"b11-l7","source":"ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει πλησίστιον, ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.149","id":"b12-l149","source":"ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει πλησίστιον, ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον,"}]},{"lemma":"πλίσσομαι","count":1,"glosses":["stepped out"],"forms":["πλίσσοντο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.318","id":"b6-l318","source":"αἱ δʼ ἐὺ μὲν τρώχων, ἐὺ δὲ πλίσσοντο πόδεσσιν·"}]},{"lemma":"πλόος","count":1,"glosses":["voyage"],"forms":["πλόον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.169","id":"b3-l169","source":"ἐν Λέσβῳ δʼ ἔκιχεν δολιχὸν πλόον ὁρμαίνοντας,"}]},{"lemma":"πλοῦτος","count":2,"glosses":["wealth"],"forms":["πλούτῳ","πλοῦτος"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.206","id":"b14-l206","source":"ὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε καὶ υἱάσι κυδαλίμοισιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.486","id":"b24-l486","source":"ὡς τὸ πάρος, πλοῦτος δὲ καὶ εἰρήνη ἅλις ἔστω."}]},{"lemma":"πλύνω","count":5,"glosses":["to wash","washed","as she washed","washing"],"forms":["πλυνέουσαι","πλυνέουσα","πλῦνάν","πλυνούσῃ","πλύνασ"],"morphology":["future active participle, nominative plural feminine","future active participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, dative singular feminine","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"future participle expressing purpose, 'in order to wash'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.31","id":"b6-l31","source":"ἀλλʼ ἴομεν πλυνέουσαι ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.59","id":"b6-l59","source":"ἐς ποταμὸν πλυνέουσα, τά μοι ῥερυπωμένα κεῖται;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.93","id":"b6-l93","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πλῦνάν τε κάθηράν τε ῥύπα πάντα,"}]},{"lemma":"πλυνός","count":2,"glosses":["the washing-places","washing-basins"],"forms":["πλυνοί","πλυνοὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"πλυνός, 'washing place/trough' — a rare, concrete Homeric noun tied to this scene.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.40","id":"b6-l40","source":"ἔρχεσθαι· πολλὸν γὰρ ἀπὸ πλυνοί εἰσι πόληος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.86","id":"b6-l86","source":"ἔνθʼ ἦ τοι πλυνοὶ ἦσαν ἐπηετανοί, πολὺ δʼ ὕδωρ"}]},{"lemma":"πλωτός","count":1,"glosses":["floating"],"forms":["πλωτῇ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πλωτός 'floating island' is a marvel detail unique to Aeolus's home.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.3","id":"b10-l3","source":"πλωτῇ ἐνὶ νήσῳ· πᾶσαν δέ τέ μιν πέρι τεῖχος"}]},{"lemma":"πνέω","count":8,"glosses":["blowing","smelling","blows","to keep his wits","breathe","breathing"],"forms":["πνείοντες","πνείουσαν","πνείοντος","πνέει","πνείουσα","πεπνῦσθαι","πνείει"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural masculine","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, accusative singular feminine","present active participle, genitive singular masculine","present active participle, nominative singular feminine","perfect medio-passive infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.361","id":"b4-l361","source":"πνείοντες φαίνονθʼ ἁλιαέες, οἵ ῥά τε νηῶν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.446","id":"b4-l446","source":"ἡδὺ μάλα πνείουσαν, ὄλεσσε δὲ κήτεος ὀδμήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.567","id":"b4-l567","source":"ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ Ζεφύροιο λιγὺ πνείοντος ἀήτας"}]},{"lemma":"πνοή","count":7,"glosses":["breath","breaths","the gusts","breath, gust","the breath"],"forms":["πνοιῇς","πνοιὴ","πνοιῇ","πνοιὰς","πνοιὴν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.98","id":"b1-l98","source":"ἠδʼ ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν ἅμα πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.402","id":"b4-l402","source":"πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο μελαίνῃ φρικὶ καλυφθείς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.839","id":"b4-l839","source":"ἐς πνοιὰς ἀνέμων. ἡ δʼ ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνόρουσε"}]},{"lemma":"πνοιή","count":1,"glosses":["breaths"],"forms":["πνοιῇς"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.148","id":"b2-l148","source":"τὼ δʼ ἕως μέν ῥʼ ἐπέτοντο μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο"}]},{"lemma":"πόα","count":4,"glosses":["of the grass","the meadow grass","grass","with grass"],"forms":["ποίης","ποίῃ","ποίη"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.449","id":"b9-l449","source":"ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρῶτος νέμεαι τέρενʼ ἄνθεα ποίης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.368","id":"b18-l368","source":"ἐν ποίῃ, δρέπανον μὲν ἐγὼν εὐκαμπὲς ἔχοιμι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.370","id":"b18-l370","source":"νήστιες ἄχρι μάλα κνέφαος, ποίη δὲ παρείη."}]},{"lemma":"πόθεν","count":13,"glosses":["from where","whence"],"forms":["πόθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.170","id":"b1-l170","source":"τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.71","id":"b3-l71","source":"ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; πόθεν πλεῖθʼ ὑγρὰ κέλευθα;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.238","id":"b7-l238","source":"τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν; τίς τοι τάδε εἵματʼ ἔδωκεν;"}]},{"lemma":"πόθι","count":6,"glosses":["where"],"forms":["πόθι"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.170","id":"b1-l170","source":"τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.325","id":"b10-l325","source":"τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ\n                        τοκῆες;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.187","id":"b14-l187","source":"τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες;"}]},{"lemma":"πόθος","count":3,"glosses":["longing"],"forms":["πόθος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.596","id":"b4-l596","source":"ἥμενος, οὐδέ κέ μʼ οἴκου ἕλοι πόθος οὐδὲ τοκήων·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.202","id":"b11-l202","source":"ἀλλά με σός τε πόθος σά τε μήδεα, φαίδιμʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.144","id":"b14-l144","source":"ἀλλά μʼ Ὀδυσσῆος πόθος αἴνυται οἰχομένοιο."}]},{"lemma":"πόλεμόνδε","count":2,"glosses":["to war"],"forms":["πόλεμόνδε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"πόλεμόνδε, directional -δε suffix meaning 'to/toward war.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.448","id":"b11-l448","source":"ἐρχόμενοι πόλεμόνδε· πάϊς δέ οἱ ἦν ἐπὶ μαζῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.39","id":"b21-l39","source":"ἐρχόμενος πόλεμόνδε μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν"}]},{"lemma":"πόλεμος","count":27,"glosses":["war","wars","the war","in war","battle","of war","battle, strife","from battle","the fighting","from war"],"forms":["πόλεμον","πολέμῳ","πολέμοιο","πόλεμόν","πτολέμους","πτολέμου","πολέμου","πόλεμοι"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"πτολέμους, epic form with inserted τ (metrical lengthening) of πόλεμος","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.12","id":"b1-l12","source":"οἴκοι ἔσαν, πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.238","id":"b1-l238","source":"ἠὲ φίλων ἐν χερσίν, ἐπεὶ πόλεμον τολύπευσεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.192","id":"b3-l192","source":"οἳ φύγον ἐκ πολέμου, πόντος δέ οἱ οὔ τινʼ ἀπηύρα."}]},{"lemma":"πόλινδε","count":11,"glosses":["to the city","to town","to the town","toward the city"],"forms":["πόλινδε","πόλινδ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"-δε suffix on πόλιν means 'to/toward the city', an adverbial motion ending common in Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.189","id":"b1-l189","source":"Λαέρτην ἥρωα, τὸν οὐκέτι φασὶ πόλινδε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.255","id":"b6-l255","source":"ὄρσεο δὴ νῦν, ξεῖνε, πόλινδʼ ἴμεν ὄφρα σε πέμψω"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.14","id":"b7-l14","source":"καὶ τότʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς ὦρτο πόλινδʼ ἴμεν· ἀμφὶ δʼ\n                  Ἀθήνη"}]},{"lemma":"πόλις","count":92,"glosses":["city","the city","cities","of the city","a city","town","around the city"],"forms":["πόλιν","πόλις","πόληος","πτόλιν","πόλει","πόλιος","πτόλιος","πόλιας","πόλιάς","πτόλις","πόλιες","πόληας","πόληες","πολίεσσιν","πολίεσσι","πολίων"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","dative plural feminine noun","genitive plural feminine noun"],"note":"Epic form πτόλιν (with extra π) for πόλιν, common metrical variant.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.170","id":"b1-l170","source":"τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.185","id":"b1-l185","source":"νηῦς δέ μοι ἥδʼ ἕστηκεν ἐπʼ ἀγροῦ νόσφι πόληος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.154","id":"b2-l154","source":"δεξιὼ ἤιξαν διά τʼ οἰκία καὶ πόλιν αὐτῶν."}]},{"lemma":"Πόλυβος","count":12,"glosses":["of Polybus","Polybus"],"forms":["Πολύβου","Πολύβοιο","Πόλυβος","Πόλυβός","Πόλυβον"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.399","id":"b1-l399","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύμαχος Πολύβου πάϊς ἀντίον ηὔδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.177","id":"b2-l177","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύμαχος Πολύβου πάϊς ἀντίον ηὔδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.126","id":"b4-l126","source":"Ἀλκάνδρη, Πολύβοιο δάμαρ, ὃς ἔναιʼ ἐνὶ Θήβῃς"}]},{"lemma":"πόλυτλας","count":2,"glosses":["much-enduring"],"forms":["πολύτλας"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς is a recurring Homeric formula-epithet pair for Odysseus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.133","id":"b7-l133","source":"ἔνθα στὰς θηεῖτο πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.90","id":"b18-l90","source":"δὴ τότε μερμήριξε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"πόνος","count":12,"glosses":["toil","trouble","toils","of hardships","task, toil","work","of labor"],"forms":["πόνον","πόνου","πόνος","πόνων","πόνοισι","πόνοις"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.334","id":"b2-l334","source":"οὕτω κεν καὶ μᾶλλον ὀφέλλειεν πόνον ἄμμιν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.818","id":"b4-l818","source":"νήπιος, οὔτε πόνων ἐὺ εἰδὼς οὔτʼ ἀγοράων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.192","id":"b7-l192","source":"μνησόμεθʼ, ὥς χʼ ὁ ξεῖνος ἄνευθε πόνου καὶ ἀνίης"}]},{"lemma":"πόντονδε","count":2,"glosses":["into the sea","seaward"],"forms":["πόντονδε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"πόντονδε: directional -δε suffix, 'toward the sea', built onto the noun like a case ending.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.495","id":"b9-l495","source":"ὃς καὶ νῦν πόντονδε βαλὼν βέλος ἤγαγε νῆα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.48","id":"b10-l48","source":"τοὺς δʼ αἶψʼ ἁρπάξασα φέρεν πόντονδε θύελλα"}]},{"lemma":"πόντος","count":98,"glosses":["sea","the sea","on the sea","the deep sea","into the sea","the deep","deep","to the sea","onto the sea"],"forms":["πόντον","πόντῳ","πόντος","πόντου","πόντοιο","ποντόφιν"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","dative masculine noun"],"note":"ποντόφιν, archaic -φιν instrumental/ablatival ending on πόντος, a Homeric case relic","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.4","id":"b1-l4","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.183","id":"b1-l183","source":"πλέων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον ἐπʼ ἀλλοθρόους ἀνθρώπους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.197","id":"b1-l197","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι που ζωὸς κατερύκεται εὐρέι πόντῳ"}]},{"lemma":"πόποι","count":22,"glosses":["alas","for shame","well now","shame","[alas]","alas!","alas, look!","my!","shame, alas","for shame!","my word","now"],"forms":["πόποι"],"morphology":["exclamation"],"note":"ὢ πόποι, a stock exclamation of shock/indignation opening direct speech in Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.32","id":"b1-l32","source":"ὢ πόποι, οἷον δή νυ θεοὺς βροτοὶ αἰτιόωνται·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.253","id":"b1-l253","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ δὴ πολλὸν ἀποιχομένου Ὀδυσῆος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.169","id":"b4-l169","source":"ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δὴ φίλου ἀνέρος υἱὸς ἐμὸν δῶ"}]},{"lemma":"πόρις","count":1,"glosses":["calves"],"forms":["πόριες"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.410","id":"b10-l410","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἄγραυλοι πόριες περὶ βοῦς ἀγελαίας,"}]},{"lemma":"πόρος","count":1,"glosses":["paths"],"forms":["πόρους"],"morphology":["accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.259","id":"b12-l259","source":"πάντων, ὅσσʼ ἐμόγησα πόρους ἁλὸς ἐξερεείνων."}]},{"lemma":"πόρω","count":35,"glosses":["gave","offers","granted","he should give","had given","give","you might give","handed","brought","would give","would grant","might give","giving","offering","grant","I gave"],"forms":["πόρε","πόρεν","πόροι","πόρον","πόρῃσιν","πόροις","ἔπορον","πορόντες","πορὼν","ἔπορ","πόρῃ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"πόρον, root aorist of defective πόρω 'give/grant' — has no present stem, only used in aorist.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.186","id":"b2-l186","source":"σῷ οἴκῳ δῶρον ποτιδέγμενος, αἴ κε πόρῃσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.130","id":"b4-l130","source":"χωρὶς δʼ αὖθʼ Ἑλένῃ ἄλοχος πόρε κάλλιμα δῶρα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.228","id":"b4-l228","source":"ἐσθλά, τά οἱ Πολύδαμνα πόρεν, Θῶνος παράκοιτις"}]},{"lemma":"πόσε","count":2,"glosses":["where to","where"],"forms":["πόσε","πόσ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.199","id":"b6-l199","source":"στῆτέ μοι, ἀμφίπολοι· πόσε φεύγετε φῶτα ἰδοῦσαι;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.431","id":"b10-l431","source":"ἆ δειλοί, πόσʼ ἴμεν; τί κακῶν ἱμείρετε\n                        τούτων;"}]},{"lemma":"πόσις","count":67,"glosses":["husband","of drink","drink","husband's","of my husband","for husband","of her husband","of husband","her husband"],"forms":["πόσιν","πόσιος","πόσις","πόσει","πόσιός"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular feminine noun","dative singular masculine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"πόσις 'husband' — Odysseus formally addresses Arete before Alcinous, an unusual suppliant strategy (appeal to the queen first).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.15","id":"b1-l15","source":"ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.150","id":"b1-l150","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.191","id":"b1-l191","source":"γρηὶ σὺν ἀμφιπόλῳ, ἥ οἱ βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε"}]},{"lemma":"πόστος","count":1,"glosses":["how many"],"forms":["πόστον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.288","id":"b24-l288","source":"πόστον δὴ ἔτος ἐστίν, ὅτε ξείνισσας ἐκεῖνον"}]},{"lemma":"πότε","count":1,"glosses":["when"],"forms":["πότ"],"morphology":["pronoun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.642","id":"b4-l642","source":"νημερτές μοι ἔνισπε, πότʼ ᾤχετο καὶ τίνες αὐτῷ"}]},{"lemma":"πότμος","count":22,"glosses":["doom","fate","doom, fate","death","my fate","a doom","a fate"],"forms":["πότμον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.250","id":"b2-l250","source":"ἐλθόντʼ, ἀλλά κεν αὐτοῦ ἀεικέα πότμον ἐπίσποι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.16","id":"b3-l16","source":"πατρός, ὅπου κύθε γαῖα καὶ ὅν τινα πότμον ἐπέσπεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.196","id":"b4-l196","source":"κλαίειν ὅς κε θάνῃσι βροτῶν καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ."}]},{"lemma":"πότνα","count":3,"glosses":["lady"],"forms":["πότνα"],"morphology":["vocative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.215","id":"b5-l215","source":"πότνα θεά, μή μοι τόδε χώεο· οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.391","id":"b13-l391","source":"σὺν σοί, πότνα θεά, ὅτε μοι πρόφρασσʼ ἐπαρήγοις."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.61","id":"b20-l61","source":"Ἄρτεμι, πότνα θεά, θύγατερ Διός, αἴθε μοι\n                     ἤδη"}]},{"lemma":"πότνια","count":20,"glosses":["honored","queenly","lady","queenly, revered","lady, queenly","honored, revered","revered","lady/queenly","lady, honored"],"forms":["πότνια","πότνι"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πότνια: fixed honorific epithet for goddesses, formulaic epic diction","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.14","id":"b1-l14","source":"νύμφη πότνιʼ ἔρυκε Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.513","id":"b4-l513","source":"ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι· σάωσε δὲ πότνια Ἥρη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.149","id":"b5-l149","source":"ἡ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆα μεγαλήτορα πότνια νύμφη"}]},{"lemma":"ποδάνιπτρον","count":2,"glosses":["foot-washings","foot-water"],"forms":["ποδάνιπτρα"],"morphology":["nominative plural neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":"ποδάνιπτρα, a concrete compound noun ('foot-washing water/rite') built from πούς + νίπτω.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.343","id":"b19-l343","source":"οὐδέ τί μοι ποδάνιπτρα ποδῶν ἐπιήρανα θυμῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.504","id":"b19-l504","source":"οἰσομένη ποδάνιπτρα· τὰ γὰρ πρότερʼ ἔκχυτο πάντα."}]},{"lemma":"ποδώκης","count":2,"glosses":["swift-footed"],"forms":["ποδώκεος"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":"standard epithet of Achilles, ποδώκης","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.471","id":"b11-l471","source":"ἔγνω δὲ ψυχή με ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.538","id":"b11-l538","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ψυχὴ δὲ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο"}]},{"lemma":"ποθέω","count":12,"glosses":["longing for","I long for","misses me","missed him","you long for","to lose","missed","missing, longing for","longing"],"forms":["ποθέοντες","ποθέσαι","ποθέουσα","ποθέω","ποθέεις","ποθέων","ποθήμεναι","πόθει"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist active infinitive","present active participle, nominative singular feminine","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ποθήμεναι, epic infinitive of ποθέω 'to miss/lose' — completes the comparison begun by φέρτερον in the previous line.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.343","id":"b1-l343","source":"τοίην γὰρ κεφαλὴν ποθέω μεμνημένη αἰεί,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.375","id":"b2-l375","source":"ἢ αὐτὴν ποθέσαι καὶ ἀφορμηθέντος ἀκοῦσαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.748","id":"b4-l748","source":"ἢ σʼ αὐτὴν ποθέσαι καὶ ἀφορμηθέντος ἀκοῦσαι,"}]},{"lemma":"ποθεν","count":11,"glosses":["from somewhere","from anywhere"],"forms":["ποθεν","ποθὲν"],"morphology":["particle"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.115","id":"b1-l115","source":"ὀσσόμενος πατέρʼ ἐσθλὸν ἐνὶ φρεσίν, εἴ ποθεν ἐλθὼν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.414","id":"b1-l414","source":"οὔτʼ οὖν ἀγγελίῃ ἔτι πείθομαι, εἴ ποθεν ἔλθοι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.351","id":"b2-l351","source":"κεῖνον ὀιομένη τὸν κάμμορον, εἴ ποθεν 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δίδωσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.379","id":"b1-l379","source":"αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς δῷσι παλίντιτα ἔργα γενέσθαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.144","id":"b2-l144","source":"αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς δῷσι παλίντιτα ἔργα γενέσθαι."}]},{"lemma":"ποίκιλμα","count":1,"glosses":["in embroidery"],"forms":["ποικίλμασιν"],"morphology":["dative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.107","id":"b15-l107","source":"ὃς κάλλιστος ἔην ποικίλμασιν ἠδὲ μέγιστος,"}]},{"lemma":"ποίμνη","count":1,"glosses":["by flocks"],"forms":["ποίμνῃσιν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.122","id":"b9-l122","source":"οὔτʼ ἄρα ποίμνῃσιν καταΐσχεται οὔτʼ ἀρότοισιν,"}]},{"lemma":"ποῖος","count":12,"glosses":["what sort of","what kind of","what a thing","what","in what","what sort"],"forms":["ποῖόν","ποῖον","ποίης","ποίῃ","ποῖοί"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.64","id":"b1-l64","source":"τέκνον ἐμόν, ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.406","id":"b1-l406","source":"ὁππόθεν οὗτος ἀνήρ, ποίης δʼ ἐξ εὔχεται εἶναι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.85","id":"b2-l85","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε, ποῖον ἔειπες"}]},{"lemma":"Ποιάντιος","count":1,"glosses":["son of Poias"],"forms":["Ποιάντιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.190","id":"b3-l190","source":"εὖ δὲ Φιλοκτήτην, Ποιάντιον ἀγλαὸν υἱόν."}]},{"lemma":"ποιέω","count":40,"glosses":["made","to make","would have made","having made","she made","he made","make you","wins/makes","makes","he worked","is made","will make","making","may make","built","let us make","had made","make","caused, made"],"forms":["ποίησε","ἐποίησαν","ποιῆσαι","ποίει","ποίησαν","ποιήσαντες","ποιήσατ","ποιήσασθαι","ποίησ","ἐποίει","ποιήσειεν","ποιεῖτ","ποιήσετ","ποιήσατο","πεποίηται","ἐποίησεν","ποιήσας","ποιήσεται","ποιήσειαν","ποιησόμεθ","ποιησέμεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist middle infinitive","aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular 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ποιήεντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.124","id":"b6-l124","source":"καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν καὶ πίσεα ποιήεντα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.396","id":"b16-l396","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἐκ Δουλιχίου πολυπύρου, ποιήεντος,"}]},{"lemma":"ποιητός","count":8,"glosses":["well-built"],"forms":["ποιητοῖο","ποιητοῖσι"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"πύκα ποιητοῖο 'closely/well built' — a formulaic pairing describing sturdy Homeric architecture.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.333","id":"b1-l333","source":"στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.436","id":"b1-l436","source":"ὤιξεν δὲ θύρας θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.458","id":"b8-l458","source":"στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,"}]},{"lemma":"ποικίλος","count":7,"glosses":["inlaid, ornate","inlaid","intricate","richly embroidered","dappled"],"forms":["ποικίλον","ποικίλ"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"ποικίλος 'richly decorated, inlaid' — describes a finely worked chariot, a mark of status.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.132","id":"b1-l132","source":"πὰρ δʼ αὐτὸς κλισμὸν θέτο ποικίλον, ἔκτοθεν ἄλλων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.492","id":"b3-l492","source":"ἵππους τε ζεύγνυντʼ ἀνά θʼ ἅρματα ποικίλʼ ἔβαινον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.448","id":"b8-l448","source":"ποικίλον, ὅν ποτέ μιν δέδαε φρεσὶ πότνια Κίρκη·"}]},{"lemma":"ποικιλομήτης","count":6,"glosses":["of many wiles","cunning-minded","schemer","cunning","crafty-minded"],"forms":["ποικιλομήτην","ποικιλομῆτα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","vocative singular masculine 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singular masculine noun"],"note":"ποιμένι λαῶν, classic Homeric epithet 'shepherd of the people' for kings","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.156","id":"b3-l156","source":"αὖθι παρʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι, ποιμένι λαῶν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.469","id":"b3-l469","source":"πὰρ δʼ ὅ γε Νέστορʼ ἰὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο, ποιμένα λαῶν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.24","id":"b4-l24","source":"βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἀγγελέων διὰ δώματα ποιμένι λαῶν,"}]},{"lemma":"ποινή","count":1,"glosses":["penalty"],"forms":["ποινὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.312","id":"b23-l312","source":"ἠδʼ ὅσα Κύκλωψ ἔρξε, καὶ ὡς ἀπετίσατο ποινὴν"}]},{"lemma":"ποιπνύω","count":2,"glosses":["bustled about","tidying up"],"forms":["ἐποίπνυον","ποιπνύσασαι"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative plural 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Ἀχαιῶν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.240","id":"b14-l240","source":"ἔνθα μὲν εἰνάετες πολεμίζομεν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.153","id":"b15-l153","source":"ἧος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ πολεμίζομεν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν."}]},{"lemma":"πολεμιστής","count":1,"glosses":["warriors"],"forms":["πολεμισταί"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.499","id":"b24-l499","source":"καὶ πολιοί περ ἐόντες, ἀναγκαῖοι πολεμισταί."}]},{"lemma":"πολεύω","count":1,"glosses":["go about, walk"],"forms":["πολεύειν"],"morphology":["present active infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.223","id":"b22-l223","source":"οὐδʼ ἄλοχον κεδνὴν Ἰθάκης κατὰ ἄστυ πολεύειν."}]},{"lemma":"πολίτης","count":2,"glosses":["townspeople","townsfolk"],"forms":["πολῖται"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine 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adjective"],"note":"πολιός 'gray/hoary' — the standard Homeric epithet for the sea, evoking foam and old age together.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.261","id":"b2-l261","source":"χεῖρας νιψάμενος πολιῆς ἁλὸς εὔχετʼ Ἀθήνῃ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.405","id":"b4-l405","source":"ἁθρόαι εὕδουσιν, πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐξαναδῦσαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.580","id":"b4-l580","source":"ἑξῆς δʼ ἑζόμενοι πολιὴν ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς."}]},{"lemma":"πολλάκις","count":5,"glosses":["often"],"forms":["πολλάκι","πολλάκις"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.101","id":"b4-l101","source":"πολλάκις ἐν μεγάροισι καθήμενος ἡμετέροισιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.443","id":"b16-l443","source":"πολλάκι γούνασιν οἷσιν ἐφεσσάμενος κρέας ὀπτὸν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.420","id":"b17-l420","source":"ὄλβιος ἀφνειὸν καὶ πολλάκι δόσκον ἀλήτῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"πολύαινος","count":1,"glosses":["much-praised"],"forms":["πολύαιν"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολύαινος 'much-praised' is an epithet unique to Odysseus in the epics, flattering him by name-fame.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.184","id":"b12-l184","source":"δεῦρʼ ἄγʼ ἰών, πολύαινʼ Ὀδυσεῦ, μέγα κῦδος\n                     Ἀχαιῶν,"}]},{"lemma":"πολύβουλος","count":1,"glosses":["of many counsels"],"forms":["πολύβουλος"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πολύβουλος: epithet of Athena, 'of many counsels/plans'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.282","id":"b16-l282","source":"ὁππότε κεν πολύβουλος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θῇσιν Ἀθήνη,"}]},{"lemma":"Πολύδαμνα","count":1,"glosses":["Polydamna"],"forms":["Πολύδαμνα"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine 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compound epithet 'much-knowing', marking the Phoenician trader as wily.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.459","id":"b15-l459","source":"ἤλυθʼ ἀνὴρ πολύϊδρις ἐμοῦ πρὸς δώματα πατρὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.82","id":"b23-l82","source":"δήνεα εἴρυσθαι, μὰλα περ πολύϊδριν ἐοῦσαν."}]},{"lemma":"πολύκαρπος","count":2,"glosses":["fruitful"],"forms":["πολύκαρπος","πολυκάρπου"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.122","id":"b7-l122","source":"ἔνθα δέ οἱ πολύκαρπος ἀλωὴ ἐρρίζωται,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.221","id":"b24-l221","source":"ἆσσον ἴεν πολυκάρπου ἀλωῆς πειρητίζων."}]},{"lemma":"πολύκληρος","count":1,"glosses":["of much property"],"forms":["πολυκλήρων"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.211","id":"b14-l211","source":"ἠγαγόμην δὲ γυναῖκα πολυκλήρων ἀνθρώπων"}]},{"lemma":"πολύκλυστος","count":3,"glosses":["surging","much-washed"],"forms":["πολυκλύστῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"compound epithet \"wave-beaten,\" typical of Homeric sea descriptions","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.354","id":"b4-l354","source":"νῆσος ἔπειτά τις ἔστι πολυκλύστῳ ἐνὶ πόντῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.204","id":"b6-l204","source":"οἰκέομεν δʼ ἀπάνευθε πολυκλύστῳ ἐνὶ πόντῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.277","id":"b19-l277","source":"οἱ μὲν πάντες ὄλοντο πολυκλύστῳ ἐνὶ πόντῳ·"}]},{"lemma":"πολύκμητος","count":3,"glosses":["well-wrought","much-wrought"],"forms":["πολυκμήτου","πολύκμητόν","πολύκμητός"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολύκμητος 'worked with much toil', epic compound adjective for iron","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.718","id":"b4-l718","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδοῦ ἷζε πολυκμήτου θαλάμοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.324","id":"b14-l324","source":"χαλκόν τε χρυσόν τε πολύκμητόν τε σίδηρον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.10","id":"b21-l10","source":"χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος."}]},{"lemma":"Πολύκτωρ","count":1,"glosses":["Polyctor"],"forms":["Πολύκτωρ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"three eponymous founder-figures named for local landmarks; local aetiology inserted mid-narrative.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.207","id":"b17-l207","source":"τὴν ποίησʼ Ἴθακος καὶ Νήριτος ἠδὲ Πολύκτωρ·"}]},{"lemma":"πολύλλιστος","count":1,"glosses":["much-prayed-to"],"forms":["πολύλλιστον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολύλλιστον, rare compound epithet, 'much invoked in prayer'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.445","id":"b5-l445","source":"κλῦθι, ἄναξ, ὅτις ἐσσί· πολύλλιστον δέ σʼ\n                     ἱκάνω,"}]},{"lemma":"πολύμητις","count":65,"glosses":["resourceful","of many wiles","of many counsels","of many devices","resourceful, of many wiles","much-devising","much-scheming"],"forms":["πολύμητις","πολυμήτις"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"epithet 'of many wiles/counsels' (πολύ + μῆτις) — Odysseus's signature Homeric formula.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.173","id":"b2-l173","source":"Ἀργεῖοι, μετὰ δέ σφιν ἔβη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.763","id":"b4-l763","source":"εἴ ποτέ τοι πολύμητις ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν Ὀδυσσεὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.214","id":"b5-l214","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·"}]},{"lemma":"πολύμυθος","count":1,"glosses":["full of words"],"forms":["πολύμυθον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολύμυθος 'full of speeches' — a compound epithet, here used dismissively of Telemachus's talkativeness.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.200","id":"b2-l200","source":"οὔτʼ οὖν Τηλέμαχον μάλα περ πολύμυθον ἐόντα,"}]},{"lemma":"Πολύνηος","count":1,"glosses":["of Polyneos"],"forms":["Πολυνήου"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"Genitive of parentage stacked twice (Polyneos son of Tekton) — a common Homeric patronymic chain.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.114","id":"b8-l114","source":"Ἀμφίαλός θʼ, υἱὸς Πολυνήου Τεκτονίδαο·"}]},{"lemma":"πολύπικρος","count":1,"glosses":["very bitter"],"forms":["πολύπικρα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.255","id":"b16-l255","source":"μὴ πολύπικρα καὶ αἰνὰ βίας ἀποτίσεαι ἐλθών."}]},{"lemma":"πολύπλαγκτος","count":3,"glosses":["far-roaming","much-traveled","much-wandering"],"forms":["πολυπλάγκτοισιν","πολυπλάγκτῳ","πολυπλάγκτους"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"πολυπλάγκτῳ is the dative complement of ἔοικε ('he seems like a much-wandering man') — describing the stranger himself, not Odysseus by name.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.425","id":"b17-l425","source":"ὅς μʼ ἅμα ληϊστῆρσι πολυπλάγκτοισιν ἀνῆκεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.511","id":"b17-l511","source":"ἢ ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσι· πολυπλάγκτῳ γὰρ ἔοικε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.195","id":"b20-l195","source":"ἀλλὰ θεοὶ δυόωσι πολυπλάγκτους ἀνθρώπους,"}]},{"lemma":"πολύπους","count":1,"glosses":["octopus"],"forms":["πουλύποδος"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"πουλύποδος, epic form of πολύπους 'octopus'; opens a long Homeric simile","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.432","id":"b5-l432","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτε πουλύποδος θαλάμης ἐξελκομένοιο"}]},{"lemma":"πολύπυρος","count":4,"glosses":["rich in wheat"],"forms":["πολύπυρον","πολύπυρος","πολυπύρου"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"a stacked run of compound epic adjectives describing an idealized island, formulaic praise-style","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.335","id":"b14-l335","source":"ἀνδρῶν Θεσπρωτῶν ἐς Δουλίχιον πολύπυρον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.406","id":"b15-l406","source":"εὔβοτος, εὔμηλος, οἰνοπληθής, πολύπυρος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.396","id":"b16-l396","source":"ὅς ῥʼ ἐκ Δουλιχίου πολυπύρου, ποιήεντος,"}]},{"lemma":"πολύρρηνος","count":1,"glosses":["rich in flocks"],"forms":["πολύρρηνος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"epithet describing Pelias' wealth, in apposition to the subject","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.257","id":"b11-l257","source":"ναῖε πολύρρηνος, ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν Πύλῳ ἠμαθόεντι."}]},{"lemma":"πολύς","count":402,"glosses":["many","much","by far","many things","far","great","of many","long","much, greatly","much, long","much, far","far, much","greatly","much/long","earnestly, much","by much","much/often","much, 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variant.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.1","id":"b1-l1","source":"ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε, μοῦσα, πολύτροπον, ὃς μάλα πολλὰ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.3","id":"b1-l3","source":"πολλῶν δʼ ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόον ἔγνω,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.4","id":"b1-l4","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμόν,"}]},{"lemma":"πολύστονος","count":1,"glosses":["full of grief"],"forms":["πολύστονος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολύστονος 'much-groaning' — a compound epithet of sorrow, predicate of εἰμί","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.118","id":"b19-l118","source":"μνησαμένῳ μάλα δʼ εἰμὶ πολύστονος· οὐδέ τί με χρὴ"}]},{"lemma":"πολύτλας","count":30,"glosses":["much-enduring"],"forms":["πολύτλας"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"πολύτλας is Odysseus's standing epithet, 'much-enduring' — a fixed epic formula.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.171","id":"b5-l171","source":"ὣς φάτο, ῥίγησεν δὲ πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.354","id":"b5-l354","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ μερμήριξε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.1","id":"b6-l1","source":"ὣς ὁ μὲν ἔνθα καθεῦδε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"πολύτλητος","count":1,"glosses":["toil-worn"],"forms":["πολύτλητοί"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"triple τε...τε...τε links three classes of dead in one rolling catalogue line, a common epic listing device","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.38","id":"b11-l38","source":"νύμφαι τʼ ἠίθεοί τε πολύτλητοί τε γέροντες"}]},{"lemma":"πολύτρητος","count":3,"glosses":["porous","full of holes"],"forms":["πολυτρήτοισι"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"πολυτρήτοισι, 'many-holed,' a vivid compound adjective for sponges, showing Homeric love of precise compound epithets even for mundane objects.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.111","id":"b1-l111","source":"οἱ δʼ αὖτε σπόγγοισι πολυτρήτοισι τραπέζας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.439","id":"b22-l439","source":"ὕδατι καὶ σπόγγοισι πολυτρήτοισι καθαίρειν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.453","id":"b22-l453","source":"ὕδατι καὶ σπόγγοισι πολυτρήτοισι κάθαιρον."}]},{"lemma":"πολύτροπος","count":2,"glosses":["of many turns"],"forms":["πολύτροπον","πολύτροπος"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"The adjective shares ἄνδρα's accusative singular masculine form, tying Odysseus' identity to the object of the invocation.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.1","id":"b1-l1","source":"ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε, μοῦσα, πολύτροπον, ὃς μάλα πολλὰ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.330","id":"b10-l330","source":"ἦ σύ γʼ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος, ὅν τέ μοι αἰεὶ"}]},{"lemma":"Πολύφημος","count":4,"glosses":["Polyphemus"],"forms":["Πολύφημος","Πολύφημον","Πολύφημ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":"formulaic epithet-name pairing κρατερὸς Πολύφημος fills the verse end, classic Homeric line-shape","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.70","id":"b1-l70","source":"ἀντίθεον Πολύφημον, ὅου κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.403","id":"b9-l403","source":"τίπτε τόσον, Πολύφημʼ, ἀρημένος ὧδʼ\n                        ἐβόησας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.407","id":"b9-l407","source":"τοὺς δʼ αὖτʼ ἐξ ἄντρου προσέφη κρατερὸς\n                     Πολύφημος·"}]},{"lemma":"πολύφημος","count":2,"glosses":["loud-voiced","renowned"],"forms":["πολύφημον","πολύφημος"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολύφημος 'famed among many' modifies the bard, an ironic touch given the singer's spared life.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.150","id":"b2-l150","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μέσσην ἀγορὴν πολύφημον ἱκέσθην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.376","id":"b22-l376","source":"ἐκ φόνου εἰς αὐλήν, σύ τε καὶ πολύφημος ἀοιδός,"}]},{"lemma":"πολύφλοισβος","count":2,"glosses":["loud-roaring"],"forms":["πολυφλοίσβοιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης 'loud-roaring sea' is a stock Homeric epithet for the sea's sound","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.85","id":"b13-l85","source":"πορφύρεον μέγα θῦε πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.220","id":"b13-l220","source":"ἑρπύζων παρὰ θῖνα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης,"}]},{"lemma":"πολύφρων","count":8,"glosses":["wise","cunning","of many wits","prudent man","wise, shrewd"],"forms":["πολύφρονα","πολύφρονος","πολύφρονά"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine adjective","genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"πολύφρων, 'much-thinking/resourceful' — a recurring epithet marking Odysseus's cunning intelligence.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.83","id":"b1-l83","source":"νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.297","id":"b8-l297","source":"τεχνήεντες ἔχυντο πολύφρονος Ἡφαίστοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.327","id":"b8-l327","source":"τέχνας εἰσορόωσι πολύφρονος Ἡφαίστοιο."}]},{"lemma":"πολύχαλκος","count":2,"glosses":["bronze/brazen","rich in 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adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.314","id":"b11-l314","source":"φυλόπιδα στήσειν πολυάικος πολέμοιο."}]},{"lemma":"πολυάρητος","count":2,"glosses":["much-prayed-for","much prayed-for"],"forms":["πολυάρητος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολυάρητος, 'long prayed for', imagines Odysseus as a god sent in answer to Nausicaa's prayers.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.280","id":"b6-l280","source":"ἤ τίς οἱ εὐξαμένῃ πολυάρητος θεὸς ἦλθεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.404","id":"b19-l404","source":"παιδὸς παιδὶ φίλῳ· πολυάρητος δέ τοί ἐστιν."}]},{"lemma":"πολυανθής","count":1,"glosses":["richly blooming"],"forms":["πολυανθέος"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.353","id":"b14-l353","source":"ἔνθʼ ἀναβάς, ὅθι τε δρίος ἦν πολυανθέος ὕλης,"}]},{"lemma":"πολυβενθής","count":4,"glosses":["deep"],"forms":["πολυβενθέος"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πολυβενθής: compound epithet 'very deep,' typical of Homer's stock descriptive adjectives for harbors","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.406","id":"b4-l406","source":"πικρὸν ἀποπνείουσαι ἁλὸς πολυβενθέος ὀδμήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.125","id":"b10-l125","source":"ὄφρʼ οἱ τοὺς ὄλεκον λιμένος πολυβενθέος ἐντός,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.324","id":"b16-l324","source":"οἱ δʼ ὅτε δὴ λιμένος πολυβενθέος ἐντὸς ἵκοντο,"}]},{"lemma":"πολυβότειρα","count":1,"glosses":["bountiful"],"forms":["πουλυβότειραν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"πολυβότειρα 'much-nourishing' — stock Homeric epithet for the earth.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.408","id":"b19-l408","source":"ἀνδράσιν ἠδὲ γυναιξὶν ἀνὰ χθόνα πουλυβότειραν·"}]},{"lemma":"πολυδάκρυτος","count":3,"glosses":["much-tearful","tearful","much-wept"],"forms":["πολυδακρύτοιο"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.213","id":"b19-l213","source":"ἡ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν τάρφθη πολυδακρύτοιο γόοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.251","id":"b19-l251","source":"ἡ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν τάρφθη πολυδακρύτοιο γόοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.57","id":"b21-l57","source":"ἡ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν τάρφθη πολυδακρύτοιο γόοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"πολυδαίδαλος","count":3,"glosses":["richly wrought"],"forms":["πολυδαίδαλον","πολυδαίδαλος"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολυδαίδαλος 'of much skilled craft', from δαίδαλα - the same root behind 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μοι αὐτὴ στῆθι, μένος πολυθαρσὲς ἐνεῖσα,"}]},{"lemma":"Πολυθερσείδης","count":1,"glosses":["son of Polytherses"],"forms":["Πολυθερσεΐδη"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Patronymic vocative -είδης 'son of'; addressed mockingly before the killing blow.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.287","id":"b22-l287","source":"ὦ Πολυθερσεΐδη φιλοκέρτομε, μή ποτε πάμπαν"}]},{"lemma":"πολυιδρεία","count":2,"glosses":["shrewdness","in the shrewdness"],"forms":["πολυϊδρείῃσιν","πολυϊδρείῃσι"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun"],"note":"dative of manner/means, 'with the many-wiled cunning of her mind' — a formulaic praise-phrase for Eurycleia.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.346","id":"b2-l346","source":"ἔσχʼ, ἣ πάντʼ ἐφύλασσε νόου πολυϊδρείῃσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.77","id":"b23-l77","source":"οὐκ ἔα εἰπέμεναι πολυϊδρείῃσι νόοιο."}]},{"lemma":"Πολυκάστη","count":1,"glosses":["Polycaste"],"forms":["Πολυκάστη"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Polycaste, Nestor's youngest daughter, performs the guest-bath, a standard Homeric hospitality scene.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.464","id":"b3-l464","source":"τόφρα δὲ Τηλέμαχον λοῦσεν καλὴ Πολυκάστη,"}]},{"lemma":"πολυκέρδεια","count":1,"glosses":["with great cunning"],"forms":["πολυκερδείῃσιν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun"],"note":"dative of manner: 'in his shrewd craftiness'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.167","id":"b24-l167","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ ἣν ἄλοχον πολυκερδείῃσιν ἄνωγε"}]},{"lemma":"πολυκερδής","count":1,"glosses":["full of cunning"],"forms":["πολυκερδέα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολυκερδής, a compound epithet ('much-gainful') marking Odysseus' 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πολυμνήστην βασίλειαν·"}]},{"lemma":"πολυπαίπαλος","count":1,"glosses":["crafty"],"forms":["πολυπαίπαλοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"πολυπαίπαλος 'much-wily', reinforcing the stereotype of scheming Phoenician traders","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.419","id":"b15-l419","source":"τὴν δʼ ἄρα Φοίνικες πολυπαίπαλοι ἠπερόπευον."}]},{"lemma":"πολυπενθής","count":1,"glosses":["grief-laden"],"forms":["πολυπενθέα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πολυπενθής, compound adjective 'full of much grief', modifying θυμὸν","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.15","id":"b23-l15","source":"τίπτε με λωβεύεις πολυπενθέα θυμὸν ἔχουσαν"}]},{"lemma":"Πολυπημονίδης","count":1,"glosses":["son of Polypemon"],"forms":["Πολυπημονίδαο"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"A patronymic chain (son of Apheidas, son of Polypemon) — invented genealogy strengthens the 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escort"],"forms":["πομπῆες","πομπῇ","πομπῆας"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":"πομπεύς, 'one who conducts/escorts'—here of favorable winds personified as guides for ships.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.325","id":"b3-l325","source":"πὰρ δέ τοι υἷες ἐμοί, οἵ τοι πομπῆες ἔσονται"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.376","id":"b3-l376","source":"εἰ δή τοι νέῳ ὧδε θεοὶ πομπῆες ἕπονται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.362","id":"b4-l362","source":"πομπῆες γίγνονται ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης."}]},{"lemma":"πομπεύω","count":1,"glosses":["escorted"],"forms":["πόμπευον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.422","id":"b13-l422","source":"αὐτή μιν πόμπευον, ἵνα κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἄροιτο"}]},{"lemma":"πομπή","count":24,"glosses":["escort","an 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adjective"],"note":"ποντοπόρος, compound epithet 'sea-crossing,' typical Homeric noun-epithet for ships","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.69","id":"b12-l69","source":"οἴη δὴ κείνη γε παρέπλω ποντοπόρος νηῦς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.95","id":"b13-l95","source":"τῆμος δὴ νήσῳ προσεπίλνατο ποντοπόρος νηῦς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.161","id":"b13-l161","source":"ἔνθʼ ἔμενʼ· ἡ δὲ μάλα σχεδὸν ἤλυθε ποντοπόρος νηῦς"}]},{"lemma":"ποντοπορέω","count":1,"glosses":["crossing the sea"],"forms":["ποντοπορούσης"],"morphology":["present active participle, genitive singular feminine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.11","id":"b11-l11","source":"τῆς δὲ πανημερίης τέταθʼ ἱστία ποντοπορούσης·"}]},{"lemma":"ποντοπορεύω","count":3,"glosses":["to sail","voyaging","sea-faring"],"forms":["ποντοπορεύων","ποντοπορευέμεναι"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active infinitive"],"note":"ποντοπορεύω: 'travel over the sea', compound built from πόντος + πόρος","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.277","id":"b5-l277","source":"ποντοπορευέμεναι ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ χειρὸς ἔχοντα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.278","id":"b5-l278","source":"ἑπτὰ δὲ καὶ δέκα μὲν πλέεν ἤματα ποντοπορεύων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.267","id":"b7-l267","source":"ἑπτὰ δὲ καὶ δέκα μὲν πλέον ἤματα ποντοπορεύων,"}]},{"lemma":"πορθέω","count":2,"glosses":["began to ravage","began ravaging"],"forms":["πόρθεον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"πόρθεον picks up across the line-break from ἀγροὺς in l432: 'they began sacking...fields.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.264","id":"b14-l264","source":"πόρθεον, ἐκ δὲ γυναῖκας ἄγον καὶ νήπια τέκνα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.433","id":"b17-l433","source":"πόρθεον, ἐκ δὲ γυναῖκας ἄγον καὶ νήπια τέκνα,"}]},{"lemma":"πορθμεύς","count":1,"glosses":["ferrymen"],"forms":["πορθμῆες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.187","id":"b20-l187","source":"πορθμῆες δʼ ἄρα τούς γε διήγαγον, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους"}]},{"lemma":"πορθμός","count":2,"glosses":["the strait","strait"],"forms":["πορθμῷ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.671","id":"b4-l671","source":"ἐν πορθμῷ Ἰθάκης τε Σάμοιό τε παιπαλοέσσης,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.29","id":"b15-l29","source":"ἐν πορθμῷ Ἰθάκης τε Σάμοιό τε παιπαλοέσσης."}]},{"lemma":"πορσύνω","count":2,"glosses":["prepared"],"forms":["πόρσυνε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.403","id":"b3-l403","source":"τῷ δʼ ἄλοχος δέσποινα λέχος πόρσυνε καὶ εὐνήν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.347","id":"b7-l347","source":"πὰρ δὲ γυνὴ δέσποινα λέχος πόρσυνε καὶ εὐνήν."}]},{"lemma":"πορφύρεος","count":13,"glosses":["purple","dark","dark-purple"],"forms":["πορφυρέην","πορφύρεον","πορφύρε","πορφύρεα","πορφυρέους"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"πορφυρέην 'purple' marks costly, high-status dye — gives us English 'porphyry.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.428","id":"b2-l428","source":"στείρῃ πορφύρεον μεγάλʼ ἴαχε νηὸς ἰούσης·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.115","id":"b4-l115","source":"χλαῖναν πορφυρέην ἄντʼ ὀφθαλμοῖιν ἀνασχὼν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.154","id":"b4-l154","source":"χλαῖναν πορφυρέην ἄντʼ ὀφθαλμοῖιν ἀνασχών."}]},{"lemma":"πορφύρω","count":3,"glosses":["churned darkly","darkened, brooded","darkened, seethed"],"forms":["πόρφυρε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"πορφύρω 'to surge, seethe' (of the sea before a storm, and by extension of the heart) — the color-word πορφύρα 'purple dye' likely derives from this verb, not the other way around; a vivid metaphor for inner turmoil.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.427","id":"b4-l427","source":"ἤια· πολλὰ δέ μοι κραδίη πόρφυρε κιόντι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.572","id":"b4-l572","source":"ἤια, πολλὰ δέ μοι κραδίη πόρφυρε κιόντι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.309","id":"b10-l309","source":"ἤια, πολλὰ δέ μοι κραδίη πόρφυρε κιόντι."}]},{"lemma":"Ποσειδάων","count":2,"glosses":["Poseidon"],"forms":["Ποσειδάωνι","Ποσείδαον"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.526","id":"b9-l526","source":"ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.528","id":"b9-l528","source":"κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον γαιήοχε κυανοχαῖτα,"}]},{"lemma":"Ποσειδεών","count":38,"glosses":["Poseidon","to Poseidon","with Poseidon","of Poseidon","Poseidon's"],"forms":["Ποσειδάων","Ποσειδάωνι","Ποσειδάωνος","Ποσειδάωνα"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Epic form Ποσειδάων(ι) for Attic Ποσειδῶν — dative object of the explicit infinitive μάχεσθαι ('to fight') later in the line, not an implied one.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.20","id":"b1-l20","source":"νόσφι Ποσειδάωνος· ὁ δʼ ἀσπερχὲς μενέαινεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.68","id":"b1-l68","source":"ἀλλὰ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἀσκελὲς αἰεὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.73","id":"b1-l73","source":"ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι Ποσειδάωνι μιγεῖσα."}]},{"lemma":"Ποσειδῶν","count":2,"glosses":["Poseidon"],"forms":["Ποσείδαον"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.55","id":"b3-l55","source":"κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον γαιήοχε, μηδὲ μεγήρῃς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.350","id":"b8-l350","source":"μή με, Ποσείδαον γαιήοχε, ταῦτα κέλευε·"}]},{"lemma":"Ποσιδήιος","count":1,"glosses":["Poseidon's temple"],"forms":["Ποσιδήιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":"Ποσιδήιον, a temenos of Poseidon; sea-god fittingly honored by this seafaring people.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.266","id":"b6-l266","source":"ἔνθα δέ τέ σφʼ ἀγορὴ καλὸν Ποσιδήιον ἀμφίς,"}]},{"lemma":"ποτάομαι","count":2,"glosses":["flutters away","flit, fly about"],"forms":["πεπότηται","ποτέονται"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"Perfect tense marks the soul's departure as a completed, lasting state.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.222","id":"b11-l222","source":"ψυχὴ δʼ ἠύτʼ ὄνειρος ἀποπταμένη πεπότηται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.7","id":"b24-l7","source":"τρίζουσαι ποτέονται, ἐπεί κέ τις ἀποπέσῃσιν"}]},{"lemma":"ποταμόνδε","count":1,"glosses":["riverward"],"forms":["ποταμόνδε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.159","id":"b10-l159","source":"ἧκεν. ὁ μὲν ποταμόνδε κατήιεν ἐκ νομοῦ ὕλης"}]},{"lemma":"ποταμός","count":33,"glosses":["river","of the river","of rivers","the river","rivers","river's","of a river","a river"],"forms":["ποταμοῖο","ποταμοῦ","ποταμῷ","ποταμῶν","ποταμὸν","ποταμοὶ","ποταμόν"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.477","id":"b4-l477","source":"πρίν γʼ ὅτʼ ἂν Αἰγύπτοιο, διιπετέος ποταμοῖο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.581","id":"b4-l581","source":"ἂψ δʼ εἰς Αἰγύπτοιο διιπετέος ποταμοῖο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.441","id":"b5-l441","source":"ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ποταμοῖο κατὰ στόμα καλλιρόοιο"}]},{"lemma":"ποτέ","count":105,"glosses":["ever","once","someday","one day","once, someday","at any time","at some point"],"forms":["ποτ","ποτε","ποτέ","ποτὲ","ποθ"],"morphology":["particle"],"note":"οὐδέ ποτ᾽ 'and never' — negative frames the whole following image of unceasing weeping","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.232","id":"b1-l232","source":"μέλλεν μέν ποτε οἶκος ὅδʼ ἀφνειὸς καὶ ἀμύμων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.308","id":"b1-l308","source":"ὥς τε πατὴρ ᾧ παιδί, καὶ οὔ ποτε λήσομαι αὐτῶν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.430","id":"b1-l430","source":"τήν ποτε Λαέρτης πρίατο κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖσιν"}]},{"lemma":"ποτή","count":1,"glosses":["in flight"],"forms":["ποτῇ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.337","id":"b5-l337","source":"αἰθυίῃ δʼ ἐικυῖα ποτῇ ἀνεδύσετο λίμνης,"}]},{"lemma":"ποτής","count":8,"glosses":["drink","of drink"],"forms":["ποτῆτος","ποτῆτα"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.788","id":"b4-l788","source":"κεῖτʼ ἄρʼ ἄσιτος, ἄπαστος ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.201","id":"b5-l201","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάρπησαν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.87","id":"b9-l87","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σίτοιό τʼ ἐπασσάμεθʼ ἠδὲ ποτῆτος,"}]},{"lemma":"ποτητός","count":1,"glosses":["flying things"],"forms":["ποτητὰ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.62","id":"b12-l62","source":"τῇ μέν τʼ οὐδὲ ποτητὰ παρέρχεται οὐδὲ πέλειαι"}]},{"lemma":"ποτιδόρπιος","count":2,"glosses":["for supper"],"forms":["ποτιδόρπιον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"ποτιδόρπιον 'for a relish with supper' is a rare compound tied to the shepherd's evening meal.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.234","id":"b9-l234","source":"ὕλης ἀζαλέης, ἵνα οἱ ποτιδόρπιον εἴη,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.249","id":"b9-l249","source":"πίνειν αἰνυμένῳ καί οἱ ποτιδόρπιον εἴη."}]},{"lemma":"ποτιπτύσσω","count":6,"glosses":["I would press my plea","shall I greet","he pressed","I will greet","will embrace","I may greet"],"forms":["προσπτύξομαι","ποτιπτυσσοίμεθα","προσπτύξατο","προσπτύξεται"],"morphology":["future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb"],"note":"optative of ποτιπτύσσω, lit. 'approach/entreat,' vivid image of pleading door to door.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.77","id":"b2-l77","source":"τόφρα γὰρ ἂν κατὰ ἄστυ ποτιπτυσσοίμεθα μύθῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.22","id":"b3-l22","source":"Μέντορ, πῶς τʼ ἄρʼ ἴω; πῶς τʼ ἂρ προσπτύξομαι αὐτόν;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.647","id":"b4-l647","source":"ἦε ἑκών οἱ δῶκας, ἐπεὶ προσπτύξατο μύθῳ."}]},{"lemma":"ποτός","count":8,"glosses":["drink","with drink","once","of drink"],"forms":["ποτοῖο","ποτὸν","ποτόν","ποτέ"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","vocative singular masculine adjective","genitive singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.148","id":"b1-l148","source":"κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.341","id":"b2-l341","source":"ἕστασαν, ἄκρητον θεῖον ποτὸν ἐντὸς ἔχοντες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.339","id":"b3-l339","source":"κοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο,"}]},{"lemma":"πού","count":94,"glosses":["perhaps","somewhere","I suppose","somehow","surely","anywhere","no doubt","indeed","perhaps, no doubt","doubtless","I think"],"forms":["που","πού","που—"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"πού here is the enclitic modal particle 'I suppose/perhaps' (not the accented locative 'somewhere'), matching the translation's parenthetical 'I think'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.94","id":"b1-l94","source":"νόστον πευσόμενον πατρὸς φίλου, ἤν που ἀκούσῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.161","id":"b1-l161","source":"ἀνέρος, οὗ δή που λεύκʼ ὀστέα πύθεται ὄμβρῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.197","id":"b1-l197","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔτι που ζωὸς κατερύκεται εὐρέι πόντῳ"}]},{"lemma":"πούς","count":95,"glosses":["feet","with feet","of feet","foot","in feet","his feet","on foot","in running","her feet","with his feet","with their feet","for the feet","on feet","by the foot","for her feet","sheets","sheet, rope","for feet","in flight, on foot","on my feet","talons, feet","carried","for his feet","by the feet","on his feet","for your feet","paws","with its feet","with his foot","the hoof"],"forms":["πόδας","ποσὶν","ποσσὶ","ποδῶν","πόδες","πόδεσσι","πόδεσσιν","ποσσὶν","ποσὶ","ποσίν","ποδὸς","ποδὶ","πόδα","ποδοῖϊν","ποσσίν","ποδός"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","genitive dual masculine noun"],"note":"ποσίν dative of means/instrument: swimming 'with his feet' toward setting foot on land.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.96","id":"b1-l96","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.131","id":"b1-l131","source":"καλὸν δαιδάλεον· ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.164","id":"b1-l164","source":"πάντες κʼ ἀρησαίατʼ ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι"}]},{"lemma":"ποῦ","count":5,"glosses":["where"],"forms":["ποῦ"],"morphology":["adverb","pronoun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.407","id":"b1-l407","source":"γαίης, ποῦ δέ νύ οἱ γενεὴ καὶ πατρὶς ἄρουρα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.249","id":"b3-l249","source":"ποῦ Μενέλαος ἔην; τίνα δʼ αὐτῷ μήσατʼ ὄλεθρον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.277","id":"b6-l277","source":"ξεῖνος; ποῦ δέ μιν εὗρε; πόσις νύ οἱ ἔσσεται αὐτῇ."}]},{"lemma":"πουλυβότειρα","count":2,"glosses":["bountiful","bountiful, life-giving"],"forms":["πουλυβοτείρῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"πουλυβότειρα 'much-nourishing', an epic epithet for the earth.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.378","id":"b8-l378","source":"ὠρχείσθην δὴ ἔπειτα ποτὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.191","id":"b12-l191","source":"ἴδμεν δʼ, ὅσσα γένηται ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ."}]},{"lemma":"Πράμνειος","count":1,"glosses":["Pramnian"],"forms":["Πραμνείῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Πράμνειος: a famed strong wine, named for Pramnos — a realistic culinary detail in the spell.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.235","id":"b10-l235","source":"οἴνῳ Πραμνείῳ ἐκύκα· ἀνέμισγε δὲ σίτῳ"}]},{"lemma":"πράσσω","count":10,"glosses":["to accomplish","we may press on","having accomplished","may make","managed","making our way","accomplish","will accomplish"],"forms":["πρῆξαι","πρήσσωμεν","πρήξαντα","πρήσσῃσιν","πρήσσεσκον","πρήσσοντες","πρήσσουσι","πρήξει"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive","present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb","aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, nominative plural masculine","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","future active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"aorist participle πρήξαντα, 'having done/accomplished (our business)' — modifies both Telemachus and 'me'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.191","id":"b2-l191","source":"πρῆξαι δʼ ἔμπης οὔ τι δυνήσεται εἵνεκα τῶνδε·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.60","id":"b3-l60","source":"δὸς δʼ ἔτι Τηλέμαχον καὶ ἐμὲ πρήξαντα νέεσθαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.476","id":"b3-l476","source":"ζεύξαθʼ ὑφʼ ἅρματʼ ἄγοντες, ἵνα πρήσσῃσιν ὁδοῖο."}]},{"lemma":"πρᾶξις","count":5,"glosses":["business, errand","business","good/profit","good"],"forms":["πρῆξις","πρῆξιν"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"πρᾶξις 'accomplishment, result' — here 'no good came of it', a proverbial-sounding Homeric turn of phrase.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.72","id":"b3-l72","source":"ἤ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.82","id":"b3-l82","source":"πρῆξις δʼ ἥδʼ ἰδίη, οὐ δήμιος, ἣν ἀγορεύω."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.253","id":"b9-l253","source":"ἦ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε,"}]},{"lemma":"πρακτήρ","count":1,"glosses":["traders"],"forms":["πρηκτῆρες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"πρηκτῆρες, 'men of business/traders' — Euryalos frames Odysseus as a mere merchant, an insult to a hero's status.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.162","id":"b8-l162","source":"ἀρχὸς ναυτάων οἵ τε πρηκτῆρες ἔασιν,"}]},{"lemma":"πραπίδες","count":2,"glosses":["wits/skill","understanding"],"forms":["πραπίδεσσι"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.92","id":"b7-l92","source":"οὓς Ἥφαιστος ἔτευξεν ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.547","id":"b8-l547","source":"ἀνέρι, ὅς τʼ ὀλίγον περ ἐπιψαύῃ πραπίδεσσι."}]},{"lemma":"πρασιά","count":2,"glosses":["garden beds","garden bed"],"forms":["πρασιαὶ","πρασιή"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.127","id":"b7-l127","source":"ἔνθα δὲ κοσμηταὶ πρασιαὶ παρὰ νείατον ὄρχον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.247","id":"b24-l247","source":"οὐκ ὄγχνη, οὐ πρασιή τοι ἄνευ κομιδῆς κατὰ κῆπον."}]},{"lemma":"πρέπω","count":2,"glosses":["stands out","was known for"],"forms":["πρέπει","ἔπρεπε"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.172","id":"b8-l172","source":"αἰδοῖ μειλιχίῃ, μετὰ δὲ πρέπει ἀγρομένοισιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.2","id":"b18-l2","source":"πτωχεύεσκʼ Ἰθάκης, μετὰ δʼ ἔπρεπε γαστέρι μάργῃ"}]},{"lemma":"πρέσβα","count":1,"glosses":["eldest"],"forms":["πρέσβα"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.452","id":"b3-l452","source":"Νέστορος, Εὐρυδίκη, πρέσβα Κλυμένοιο θυγατρῶν."}]},{"lemma":"πρέσβυς","count":1,"glosses":["the eldest"],"forms":["πρεσβύτατον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine 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ἄνακτος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.130","id":"b3-l130","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Πριάμοιο πόλιν διεπέρσαμεν αἰπήν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.106","id":"b5-l106","source":"τῶν ἀνδρῶν, οἳ ἄστυ πέρι Πριάμοιο μάχοντο"}]},{"lemma":"πρίν","count":83,"glosses":["before","until","formerly","before that","sooner","before then","at first","before, until","long ago","first","formerly, before","before, first"],"forms":["πρὶν","πρίν"],"morphology":["adverb","conjunction"],"note":"τὸ πρίν, 'the before-time' — article + adverb fused into a temporal phrase, 'formerly.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.210","id":"b1-l210","source":"πρίν γε τὸν ἐς Τροίην ἀναβήμεναι, ἔνθα περ ἄλλοι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.128","id":"b2-l128","source":"πρίν γʼ αὐτὴν γήμασθαι Ἀχαιῶν ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.167","id":"b2-l167","source":"οἳ νεμόμεσθʼ Ἰθάκην ἐυδείελον. ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὶν"}]},{"lemma":"πριστός","count":2,"glosses":["sawn"],"forms":["πριστοῦ"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πριστοῦ ἐλέφαντος, 'sawn ivory,' a vivid simile-like image for polished whiteness.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.196","id":"b18-l196","source":"λευκοτέρην δʼ ἄρα μιν θῆκε πριστοῦ ἐλέφαντος."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.564","id":"b19-l564","source":"τῶν οἳ μέν κʼ ἔλθωσι διὰ πριστοῦ ἐλέφαντος,"}]},{"lemma":"πρό","count":11,"glosses":["before","beforehand","before/in front","before, in front of","ahead of","forth"],"forms":["πρὸ","πρό"],"morphology":["preposition","adverb"],"note":"Ἰλιόθι πρό, formulaic 'before Troy', locative adverb + preposition","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.37","id":"b1-l37","source":"εἰδὼς αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον, ἐπεὶ πρό οἱ εἴπομεν ἡμεῖς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.385","id":"b5-l385","source":"ὦρσε δʼ ἐπὶ κραιπνὸν Βορέην, πρὸ δὲ κύματʼ ἔαξεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.469","id":"b5-l469","source":"αὔρη δʼ ἐκ ποταμοῦ ψυχρὴ πνέει ἠῶθι πρό."}]},{"lemma":"πρόβασις","count":1,"glosses":["livestock"],"forms":["πρόβασίν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.75","id":"b2-l75","source":"ὑμέας ἐσθέμεναι κειμήλιά τε πρόβασίν τε."}]},{"lemma":"πρόβολος","count":1,"glosses":["a headland"],"forms":["προβόλῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.251","id":"b12-l251","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἐπὶ προβόλῳ ἁλιεὺς περιμήκεϊ ῥάβδῳ"}]},{"lemma":"πρόγονος","count":1,"glosses":["firstborn"],"forms":["πρόγονοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.221","id":"b9-l221","source":"ἔρχατο, χωρὶς μὲν πρόγονοι, χωρὶς δὲ μέτασσαι,"}]},{"lemma":"πρόδομος","count":6,"glosses":["forecourt","the porch","forecourt, porch"],"forms":["προδόμῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.302","id":"b4-l302","source":"οἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐν προδόμῳ δόμου αὐτόθι κοιμήσαντο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.5","id":"b14-l5","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ἐνὶ προδόμῳ εὗρʼ ἥμενον, ἔνθα οἱ\n                  αὐλὴ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.5","id":"b15-l5","source":"εὕδοντʼ ἐν προδόμῳ Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"πρόειμι","count":1,"glosses":["sent forth"],"forms":["πρόεσαν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.399","id":"b8-l399","source":"δῶρα δʼ ἄρʼ οἰσέμεναι πρόεσαν κήρυκα ἕκαστος."}]},{"lemma":"πρόθυρον","count":18,"glosses":["the forecourt","forecourt","the doorway","doorway","gateway","porch","the porch","gates","to the doorway","of the gateway","gateway, porch"],"forms":["προθύροιο","προθύροισι","πρόθυρον","προθύρου","προθύροις","πρόθυρόν"],"morphology":["genitive singular neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.103","id":"b1-l103","source":"στῆ δʼ Ἰθάκης ἐνὶ δήμῳ ἐπὶ προθύροις Ὀδυσῆος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.119","id":"b1-l119","source":"βῆ δʼ ἰθὺς προθύροιο, νεμεσσήθη δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.493","id":"b3-l493","source":"ἐκ δʼ ἔλασαν προθύροιο καὶ αἰθούσης ἐριδούπου·"}]},{"lemma":"πρόκειμαι","count":11,"glosses":["set before them","lying before them","lying before","laid before them"],"forms":["προκείμενα"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter"],"note":"Participle of πρόκειμαι, literally 'lying before' — describes food already laid out.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.149","id":"b1-l149","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.67","id":"b4-l67","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.218","id":"b4-l218","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον."}]},{"lemma":"Πρόκρις","count":1,"glosses":["Procris"],"forms":["Πρόκριν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.321","id":"b11-l321","source":"Φαίδρην τε Πρόκριν τε ἴδον καλήν τʼ\n                     Ἀριάδνην,"}]},{"lemma":"πρόμαχος","count":2,"glosses":["front fighters","front-fighters"],"forms":["προμάχοισι","προμάχοις"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.379","id":"b18-l379","source":"τῷ κέ μʼ ἴδοις πρώτοισιν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι μιγέντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.526","id":"b24-l526","source":"ἐν δʼ ἔπεσον προμάχοις Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ φαίδιμος υἱός,"}]},{"lemma":"πρόμος","count":1,"glosses":["champion"],"forms":["πρόμος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.493","id":"b11-l493","source":"ἢ ἕπετʼ ἐς πόλεμον πρόμος ἔμμεναι, ἦε καὶ οὐκί."}]},{"lemma":"πρόξ","count":1,"glosses":["deer"],"forms":["πρόκας"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.295","id":"b17-l295","source":"αἶγας ἐπʼ ἀγροτέρας ἠδὲ πρόκας ἠδὲ λαγωούς·"}]},{"lemma":"πρόπας","count":7,"glosses":["whole","the whole","all"],"forms":["πρόπαν"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.161","id":"b9-l161","source":"ὣς τότε μὲν πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.556","id":"b9-l556","source":"ὣς τότε μὲν πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.183","id":"b10-l183","source":"ὣς τότε μὲν πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα"}]},{"lemma":"πρός","count":182,"glosses":["to","toward","against","besides","from","to, toward","by","at","upon, down","to one another","to, on","to (emphatic)","upon","never","into","against, to","by, near","speech","in the eyes of","at, toward","toward, along","to/at"],"forms":["πρὸς","ποτὶ","προτὶ","ποτ","πρός"],"morphology":["preposition","adverb"],"note":"πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν 'spoke a word to', a standing Homeric formula introducing direct speech","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.127","id":"b1-l127","source":"ἔγχος μέν ῥʼ ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα μακρὴν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.80","id":"b2-l80","source":"ὣς φάτο χωόμενος, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.258","id":"b2-l258","source":"οἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐσκίδναντο ἑὰ πρὸς δώμαθʼ ἕκαστος,"}]},{"lemma":"πρόσειμι","count":1,"glosses":["approaching"],"forms":["προσιόντα"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.5","id":"b16-l5","source":"οὐδʼ ὕλαον προσιόντα. νόησε δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"πρόσθεν","count":18,"glosses":["before","formerly","before him","in front of","ahead","before, ahead","in front","before, in front of"],"forms":["πρόσθεν","πρόσθε","πρόσθ"],"morphology":["adverb","preposition"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.688","id":"b4-l688","source":"ὑμετέρων τὸ πρόσθεν ἀκούετε, παῖδες ἐόντες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.452","id":"b5-l452","source":"πρόσθε δέ οἱ ποίησε γαλήνην, τὸν δʼ ἐσάωσεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.242","id":"b6-l242","source":"πρόσθεν μὲν γὰρ δή μοι ἀεικέλιος δέατʼ εἶναι,"}]},{"lemma":"πρόσφημι","count":115,"glosses":["spoke to","said","spoke","addressed","you said","answered","you spoke","said to","he addressed","he said","you spoke to","replied","I spoke","I spoke to","I answered","said, addressed","he would have spoken","you answered","he said to","answered, addressed","called to","to speak to him","said, spoke"],"forms":["προσέφη","προσέφης","προσέφην","προσφάσθαι"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","present middle infinitive"],"note":"προσέφη is an old athematic form of φημί, common in Homer's speech-introductions but rare later.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.63","id":"b1-l63","source":"τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.156","id":"b1-l156","source":"αὐτὰρ Τηλέμαχος προσέφη γλαυκῶπιν Ἀθήνην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.383","id":"b1-l383","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίνοος προσέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός·"}]},{"lemma":"πρόσω","count":3,"glosses":["forward"],"forms":["πρόσω","πρόσσω"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω 'forward and backward' - formula for prophetic vision of future and past","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.542","id":"b9-l542","source":"τὴν δὲ πρόσω φέρε κῦμα, θέμωσε δὲ χέρσον ἱκέσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.369","id":"b21-l369","source":"ἄττα, πρόσω φέρε τόξα· τάχʼ οὐκ εὖ πᾶσι\n                     πιθήσεις"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.452","id":"b24-l452","source":"Μαστορίδης· ὁ γὰρ οἶος ὅρα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω·"}]},{"lemma":"πρόσωπον","count":6,"glosses":["face","faces","her face"],"forms":["πρόσωπα","προσώπατα","πρόσωπά"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun"],"note":"Neuter plural πρόσωπα used for a single face, a common epic idiom.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.85","id":"b8-l85","source":"κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε, κάλυψε δὲ καλὰ πρόσωπα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.332","id":"b15-l332","source":"αἰεὶ δὲ λιπαροὶ κεφαλὰς καὶ καλὰ πρόσωπα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.173","id":"b18-l173","source":"μηδʼ οὕτω δακρύοισι πεφυρμένη ἀμφὶ πρόσωπα"}]},{"lemma":"πρότερος","count":30,"glosses":["first","the elder","the foremost","former","come first","earlier","former, earlier","day before","front","earlier, former"],"forms":["πρῶτον","πρότερος","προτέρη","πρότερός","προτέρῃ","προτέροισι","προτέρῳ","πρώτοισιν","πρώτην","προτέροισιν","προτέρην","προτέρους","πρῶτα","προτέρων","πρότερ","πρότεροι"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","dative plural masculine superlative adjective","accusative singular feminine superlative adjective","nominative singular neuter superlative adjective","dative plural masculine comparative adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"πρώτην (fem. acc.) 'first' agrees with an implied 'you', i.e. 'to you first'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.31","id":"b2-l31","source":"ἥν χʼ ἡμῖν σάφα εἴποι, ὅτε πρότερός γε πύθοιτο;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.43","id":"b2-l43","source":"ἥν χʼ ὑμῖν σάφα εἴπω, ὅτε πρότερός γε πυθοίμην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.190","id":"b2-l190","source":"αὐτῷ μέν οἱ πρῶτον ἀνιηρέστερον ἔσται,"}]},{"lemma":"πρότονοι","count":3,"glosses":["forestays","with the forestays"],"forms":["προτόνοισιν","προτόνους"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.425","id":"b2-l425","source":"στῆσαν ἀείραντες, κατὰ δὲ προτόνοισιν ἔδησαν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.409","id":"b12-l409","source":"ἱστοῦ δὲ προτόνους ἔρρηξʼ ἀνέμοιο θύελλα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.290","id":"b15-l290","source":"στῆσαν ἀείραντες, κατὰ δὲ προτόνοισιν ἔδησαν,"}]},{"lemma":"πρόφρασσα","count":2,"glosses":["goodwill","wholeheartedly"],"forms":["πρόφρασσ"],"morphology":["nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πρόφρασσα 'with willing/favorable spirit'; feminine adjective used adverbially describing Athena's manner of helping.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.161","id":"b5-l161","source":"φθινέτω· ἤδη γάρ σε μάλα πρόφρασσʼ ἀποπέμψω."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.391","id":"b13-l391","source":"σὺν σοί, πότνα θεά, ὅτε μοι πρόφρασσʼ ἐπαρήγοις."}]},{"lemma":"πρόφρων","count":14,"glosses":["kindly","willingly","kindly, gracious","gracious","graciously","eagerly","willing"],"forms":["πρόφρων","πρόφρασσα","πρόφρονι"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","dative singular adjective"],"note":"πρόφρων 'eager/willing,' adverbial predicate describing his readiness","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.230","id":"b2-l230","source":"μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.387","id":"b2-l387","source":"ᾔτεε νῆα θοήν· ὁ δέ οἱ πρόφρων ὑπέδεκτο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.8","id":"b5-l8","source":"μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω"}]},{"lemma":"πρόχνυ","count":1,"glosses":["utterly"],"forms":["πρόχνυ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.69","id":"b14-l69","source":"πρόχνυ, ἐπεὶ πολλῶν ἀνδρῶν ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσε·"}]},{"lemma":"πρόχοος","count":7,"glosses":["pitcher","from a pitcher","jug"],"forms":["προχόῳ","πρόχοος"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"πρόχοος: the wine-jug he was holding, knocked from his hand by the blow.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.136","id":"b1-l136","source":"χέρνιβα δʼ ἀμφίπολος προχόῳ ἐπέχευε φέρουσα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.52","id":"b4-l52","source":"χέρνιβα δʼ ἀμφίπολος προχόῳ ἐπέχευε φέρουσα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.172","id":"b7-l172","source":"χέρνιβα δʼ ἀμφίπολος προχόῳ ἐπέχευε φέρουσα"}]},{"lemma":"προβάλλω","count":2,"glosses":["scattered forward","would fling, toss"],"forms":["προβάλοντο","προβάλεσκε"],"morphology":["aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"προβάλοντο, the ritual casting of grain toward/onto the victim before the killing blow","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.447","id":"b3-l447","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ εὔξαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.331","id":"b5-l331","source":"ἄλλοτε μέν τε Νότος Βορέῃ προβάλεσκε φέρεσθαι,"}]},{"lemma":"προβιβάω","count":2,"glosses":["his feet","striding forward"],"forms":["προβιβάντα","προβιβάς"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative singular masculine","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.555","id":"b15-l555","source":"τὸν δʼ ὦκα προβιβάντα πόδες φέρον, ὄφρʼ ἵκετʼ αὐλήν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.27","id":"b17-l27","source":"κραιπνὰ ποσὶ προβιβάς, κακὰ δὲ μνηστῆρσι φύτευεν."}]},{"lemma":"προβλής","count":3,"glosses":["jutting"],"forms":["προβλῆτες"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine adjective","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.405","id":"b5-l405","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκταὶ προβλῆτες ἔσαν σπιλάδες τε πάγοι τε·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.89","id":"b10-l89","source":"ἀκταὶ δὲ προβλῆτες ἐναντίαι ἀλλήλῃσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.97","id":"b13-l97","source":"ἐν δήμῳ Ἰθάκης· δύο δὲ προβλῆτες ἐν αὐτῷ"}]},{"lemma":"προβλώσκω","count":6,"glosses":["come forth","coming forward","had gone out","come forward","having come out"],"forms":["προβλώσκειν","προμολὼν","πρόμολον","προβλωσκέμεν","προμολοῦσα"],"morphology":["present active infinitive","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"προβλώσκω survives in epic almost only in this aorist participle προμολών, 'having come forward'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.22","id":"b4-l22","source":"στῆσαν· ὁ δὲ προμολὼν ἴδετο κρείων Ἐτεωνεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.468","id":"b15-l468","source":"οἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐς θῶκον πρόμολον, δήμοιό τε φῆμιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.25","id":"b19-l25","source":"δμῳὰς δʼ οὐκ εἴας προβλωσκέμεν, αἵ κεν ἔφαινον."}]},{"lemma":"προγενής","count":6,"glosses":["older","elder, senior","eldest"],"forms":["προγενέστερος","προγενέστεροί","προγενέστεροι"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine comparative adjective","nominative plural masculine comparative adjective"],"note":"comparative προγενέστερος, \"more advanced in years\" — praising Telemachus as speaking wisely beyond his age.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.29","id":"b2-l29","source":"ἠὲ νέων ἀνδρῶν ἢ οἳ προγενέστεροί εἰσιν;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.205","id":"b4-l205","source":"εἴποι καὶ ῥέξειε, καὶ ὃς προγενέστερος εἴη·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.156","id":"b7-l156","source":"ὃς δὴ Φαιήκων ἀνδρῶν προγενέστερος ἦεν"}]},{"lemma":"προδαῆναι","count":1,"glosses":["learning beforehand"],"forms":["προδαεὶς"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"προδαεὶς: participle of προδάω, 'having learned in advance'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.396","id":"b4-l396","source":"μή πώς με προϊδὼν ἠὲ προδαεὶς ἀλέηται·"}]},{"lemma":"προέχω","count":6,"glosses":["jutting","held out","jut out, stand forth","jutted out","jutting out"],"forms":["προύχοντο","προὐχούσας","προύχουσιν","πρόεχ","προὔχοντι","προὐχούσῃ"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, accusative plural feminine","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, dative singular neuter","present active participle, dative singular feminine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.8","id":"b3-l8","source":"ἥατο καὶ προύχοντο ἑκάστοθι ἐννέα ταύρους."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.138","id":"b6-l138","source":"τρέσσαν δʼ ἄλλυδις ἄλλη ἐπʼ ἠιόνας προὐχούσας·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.90","id":"b10-l90","source":"ἐν στόματι προύχουσιν, ἀραιὴ δʼ εἴσοδός ἐστιν,"}]},{"lemma":"προεῖδον","count":3,"glosses":["seeing beforehand","looking ahead","catch sight of"],"forms":["προϊδὼν","προϊδών","προΐδωνται"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"προϊδών, 'having seen before/ahead' — the moment Odysseus first spots land after two days adrift.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.396","id":"b4-l396","source":"μή πώς με προϊδὼν ἠὲ προδαεὶς ἀλέηται·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.393","id":"b5-l393","source":"ὀξὺ μάλα προϊδών, μεγάλου ὑπὸ κύματος ἀρθείς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.155","id":"b13-l155","source":"ὁππότε κεν δὴ πάντες ἐλαυνομένην προΐδωνται"}]},{"lemma":"προερέσσω","count":2,"glosses":["we rowed forward","rowed"],"forms":["προερέσσαμεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.73","id":"b9-l73","source":"αὐτὰς δʼ ἐσσυμένως προερέσσαμεν ἤπειρόνδε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.279","id":"b13-l279","source":"σπουδῇ δʼ ἐς λιμένα προερέσσαμεν, οὐδέ τις ἡμῖν"}]},{"lemma":"προερύω","count":1,"glosses":["rowed forward"],"forms":["προέρυσσαν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"προερύω 'hauled/rowed forward,' a nautical term for pulling the ship in.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.497","id":"b15-l497","source":"καρπαλίμως, τὴν δʼ εἰς ὅρμον προέρυσσαν ἐρετμοῖς·"}]},{"lemma":"προήκης","count":1,"glosses":["tapered"],"forms":["προήκεα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"προήκης 'sharp-pointed, tapered' — a technical epithet for the oar blades","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.205","id":"b12-l205","source":"νηῦς, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτʼ ἐρετμὰ προήκεα χερσὶν ἔπειγον."}]},{"lemma":"προθέω","count":2,"glosses":["were setting out","he ran ahead"],"forms":["πρότιθεν","προθέεσκε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"iterative -σκ- suffix (προθέεσκε) marks habitual/repeated past action, a Homeric feature","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.112","id":"b1-l112","source":"νίζον καὶ πρότιθεν, τοὶ δὲ κρέα πολλὰ δατεῦντο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.515","id":"b11-l515","source":"ἀλλὰ πολὺ προθέεσκε τὸ ὃν μένος οὐδενὶ εἴκων,"}]},{"lemma":"προίημι","count":27,"glosses":["sent forth","sent","sending out","she sent forth","flew, was sent forth","to send ahead","sends down","lets slip","they sent","let drop","had sent","hurl","hurled"],"forms":["προέηκε","προέηκεν","πρόεσαν","προΐειν","προΐει","προϊεῖσα","προέμεν","προΐησι","προΐεις"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular feminine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"προϊεῖσα: present participle of προΐημι, vivid picture of Penelope dispatching private word to each suitor.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.92","id":"b2-l92","source":"ἀγγελίας προϊεῖσα, νόος δέ οἱ ἄλλα μενοινᾷ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.147","id":"b2-l147","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐκ κορυφῆς ὄρεος προέηκε πέτεσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.183","id":"b3-l183","source":"οὖρος, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα θεὸς προέηκεν ἀῆναι."}]},{"lemma":"προίκτης","count":2,"glosses":["who begs","beggar"],"forms":["προΐκτῃ","προΐκτης"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.352","id":"b17-l352","source":"αἰδῶ δʼ οὐκ ἀγαθήν φησʼ ἔμμεναι ἀνδρὶ προΐκτῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.449","id":"b17-l449","source":"ὥς τις θαρσαλέος καὶ ἀναιδής ἐσσι προΐκτης."}]},{"lemma":"προίξ","count":2,"glosses":["without return","as a gift"],"forms":["προικὸς"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"προικός, 'freely given,' underscoring Odysseus expects charity without payment","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.15","id":"b13-l15","source":"τισόμεθʼ· ἀργαλέον γὰρ ἕνα προικὸς χαρίσασθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.413","id":"b17-l413","source":"αὖτις ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰὼν προικὸς γεύσεσθαι Ἀχαιῶν·"}]},{"lemma":"προιάλλω","count":2,"glosses":["kept sending","she sent"],"forms":["προΐαλλε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"προΐαλλε, imperfect 'sent forth repeatedly' — Eumaeus's recurring obligation to supply the suitors.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.18","id":"b14-l18","source":"ἀντίθεοι μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ προΐαλλε συβώτης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.370","id":"b15-l370","source":"ἀγρόνδε προΐαλλε· φίλει δέ με κηρόθι μᾶλλον."}]},{"lemma":"προκαλέω","count":1,"glosses":["challenge!"],"forms":["προκάλεσσαι"],"morphology":["aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.142","id":"b8-l142","source":"αὐτὸς νῦν προκάλεσσαι ἰὼν καὶ πέφραδε μῦθον."}]},{"lemma":"προκαλίζομαι","count":2,"glosses":["challenged","challenge"],"forms":["προκαλίζετο","προκαλίζεο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.228","id":"b8-l228","source":"ἔκτανεν, οὕνεκά μιν προκαλίζετο τοξάζεσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.20","id":"b18-l20","source":"χερσὶ δὲ μή τι λίην προκαλίζεο, μή με χολώσῃς,"}]},{"lemma":"προλείπω","count":5,"glosses":["leaving behind","has failed","to abandon"],"forms":["προλιπὼν","προλέλοιπεν","προλιπεῖν"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active infinitive"],"note":"Nom. participle agrees with the 'you' of ἀλάλησο (wander) two lines back—epic sentences run long across lines.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.279","id":"b2-l279","source":"οὐδέ σε πάγχυ γε μῆτις Ὀδυσσῆος προλέλοιπεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.314","id":"b3-l314","source":"κτήματά τε προλιπὼν ἄνδρας τʼ ἐν σοῖσι δόμοισιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.331","id":"b13-l331","source":"τῷ σε καὶ οὐ δύναμαι προλιπεῖν δύστηνον ἐόντα,"}]},{"lemma":"προμνηστῖνοι","count":2,"glosses":["one by one"],"forms":["προμνηστῖναι","προμνηστῖνοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural feminine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"προμνηστῖναι, 'one after another, in succession' — an adverbial word for an orderly procession (no notion of social rank), not a chaotic crowd.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.233","id":"b11-l233","source":"αἱ δὲ προμνηστῖναι ἐπήισαν, ἠδὲ ἑκάστη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.230","id":"b21-l230","source":"ἀλλὰ προμνηστῖνοι ἐσέλθετε, μηδʼ ἅμα πάντες,"}]},{"lemma":"προνοέω","count":1,"glosses":["to plan ahead"],"forms":["προνοῆσαι"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.364","id":"b5-l364","source":"νήξομʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐ μέν τι πάρα προνοῆσαι ἄμεινον."}]},{"lemma":"προπάροιθε","count":16,"glosses":["before","in front of","in front","before, off"],"forms":["προπάροιθε","προπάροιθεν","προπάροιθ"],"morphology":["preposition","adverb"],"note":"τοτὲ μὲν...τοτὲ δὲ 'at one time...at another' correlative pattern describing the god's shifting appearances.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.107","id":"b1-l107","source":"πεσσοῖσι προπάροιθε θυράων θυμὸν ἔτερπον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.407","id":"b3-l407","source":"οἵ οἱ ἔσαν προπάροιθε θυράων ὑψηλάων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.225","id":"b4-l225","source":"οὐδʼ εἴ οἱ προπάροιθεν ἀδελφεὸν ἢ φίλον υἱὸν"}]},{"lemma":"προπάροιθεν","count":2,"glosses":["ahead"],"forms":["προπάροιθε","προπάροιθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.277","id":"b17-l277","source":"εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, ἐπίμεινον, ἐγὼ δʼ εἶμι προπάροιθε·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.282","id":"b17-l282","source":"ἀλλʼ ἔρχευ προπάροιθεν, ἐγὼ δʼ ὑπολείψομαι αὐτοῦ."}]},{"lemma":"προπέμπω","count":3,"glosses":["sent ahead","sent forth","I sent ahead"],"forms":["προὔπεμψα","προὔπεμψε","προὔπεμψ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"The προ- prefix marks sending onward/ahead. προὔπεμψε contracts the prefix vowel with the augment (προ + ἔπεμψε); that is ordinary contraction within a compound verb, not crasis (which joins two separate words, e.g. καὶ ἐγώ → κἀγώ).","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.54","id":"b17-l54","source":"τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ προὔπεμψα σὺν ἀντιθέοις ἑτάροισι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.117","id":"b17-l117","source":"ἵπποισι προὔπεμψε καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.360","id":"b24-l360","source":"προὔπεμψʼ, ὡς ἂν δεῖπνον ἐφοπλίσσωσι τάχιστα."}]},{"lemma":"προπίπτω","count":2,"glosses":["bending forward","falling to it"],"forms":["προπεσόντες"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.490","id":"b9-l490","source":"κρατὶ κατανεύων· οἱ δὲ προπεσόντες ἔρεσσον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.194","id":"b12-l194","source":"ὀφρύσι νευστάζων· οἱ δὲ προπεσόντες ἔρεσσον."}]},{"lemma":"προπρηνής","count":1,"glosses":["bent forward"],"forms":["προπρηνέα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.98","id":"b22-l98","source":"φασγάνῳ ἀΐξας ἠὲ προπρηνέα τύψας."}]},{"lemma":"προπροκυλίνδομαι","count":1,"glosses":["tumbling forward"],"forms":["προπροκυλινδόμενος"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"προπροκυλινδόμενος, a rare reduplicated compound, mimics the beggar's exaggerated groveling in its very form.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.525","id":"b17-l525","source":"προπροκυλινδόμενος· στεῦται δʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀκοῦσαι,"}]},{"lemma":"προρέω","count":2,"glosses":["streaming forth","flow forth"],"forms":["προρέοντα","προρέουσι"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative singular masculine","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"προρέοντα, participle describing the river 'flowing out (to sea)'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.444","id":"b5-l444","source":"ἔγνω δὲ προρέοντα καὶ εὔξατο ὃν κατὰ θυμόν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.351","id":"b10-l351","source":"ἔκ θʼ ἱερῶν ποταμῶν, οἵ τʼ εἰς ἅλαδε προρέουσι."}]},{"lemma":"προσάγω","count":1,"glosses":["brought"],"forms":["προσήγαγε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.446","id":"b17-l446","source":"τίς δαίμων τόδε πῆμα προσήγαγε, δαιτὸς ἀνίην;"}]},{"lemma":"προσαίσσω","count":3,"glosses":["rushing at","rushing toward"],"forms":["προσαΐξας"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"προσαΐξας: aorist participle of προσαίσσω, vivid 'darting toward' — the bard's desperate lunge to supplicate.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.337","id":"b22-l337","source":"ἦ γούνων λίσσοιτο προσαΐξας Ὀδυσῆα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.342","id":"b22-l342","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα προσαΐξας λάβε γούνων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.365","id":"b22-l365","source":"Τηλέμαχον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα προσαΐξας λάβε γούνων,"}]},{"lemma":"προσαλείφω","count":1,"glosses":["anointed"],"forms":["προσάλειφεν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.392","id":"b10-l392","source":"ἐρχομένη προσάλειφεν ἑκάστῳ φάρμακον ἄλλο."}]},{"lemma":"προσαυδάω","count":88,"glosses":["addressed","spoke to","spoke","I addressed","spoke, addressed","he addressed","she spoke to","was addressing","called out to","I called out to","she addressed","said","address","addressed, spoke","spoke to him","he spoke to"],"forms":["προσηύδα","προσηύδων","προσαυδάτω"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active imperative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Imperfect προσηύδα, the standard formulaic verb introducing direct speech in Homer.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.122","id":"b1-l122","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.252","id":"b1-l252","source":"τὸν δʼ ἐπαλαστήσασα προσηύδα Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.336","id":"b1-l336","source":"δακρύσασα δʼ ἔπειτα προσηύδα θεῖον ἀοιδόν·"}]},{"lemma":"προσβάλλω","count":1,"glosses":["was striking"],"forms":["προσέβαλλεν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"προσβάλλω 'strike upon' of sunlight hitting the fields — a common Homeric image for dawn.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.433","id":"b19-l433","source":"Ἠέλιος μὲν ἔπειτα νέον προσέβαλλεν ἀρούρας"}]},{"lemma":"προσβαίνω","count":4,"glosses":["went up","climbed","stepped onto"],"forms":["προσεβήσετο","προσέβη","προσέβαν"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"προσβαίνω 'go toward/up'; aorist marks the completed climb from the shore.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.1","id":"b14-l1","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ ἐκ λιμένος προσέβη τρηχεῖαν ἀταρπὸν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.431","id":"b19-l431","source":"ἤϊεν· αἰπὺ δʼ ὄρος προσέβαν καταειμένον ὕλῃ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.5","id":"b21-l5","source":"κλίμακα δʼ ὑψηλὴν προσεβήσετο οἷο δόμοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"προσδέρκομαι","count":2,"glosses":["gazes at","kept watching"],"forms":["ποτιδέρκεται","προσεδέρκετο"],"morphology":["present middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.518","id":"b17-l518","source":"ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀοιδὸν ἀνὴρ ποτιδέρκεται, ὅς τε θεῶν ἒξ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.385","id":"b20-l385","source":"ἀλλʼ ἀκέων πατέρα προσεδέρκετο, δέγμενος αἰεί,"}]},{"lemma":"προσδέχομαι","count":9,"glosses":["expecting","awaiting","waiting","watching for"],"forms":["ποτιδέγμενοι","ποτιδέγμενος","ποτιδεγμένω"],"morphology":["aorist medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine"],"note":"sarcastic jab: the seer is accused of angling for a bribe/gift, not offering honest prophecy.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.186","id":"b2-l186","source":"σῷ οἴκῳ δῶρον ποτιδέγμενος, αἴ κε πόρῃσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.205","id":"b2-l205","source":"ὃν γάμον· ἡμεῖς δʼ αὖ ποτιδέγμενοι ἤματα πάντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.403","id":"b2-l403","source":"ἥατʼ ἐπήρετμοι τὴν σὴν ποτιδέγμενοι ὁρμήν·"}]},{"lemma":"προσεῖπον","count":114,"glosses":["answered","addressed","spoke to","said","I said","he addressed","he said","spoke to them","addressed, spoke to","I addressed","spoke","answered, spoke to","he spoke"],"forms":["προσέειπε","προσέειπεν","προσέειπον"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"Formulaic Homeric speech-introduction verb (προσέειπε), opening the standard 'spoke to him/her' line.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.178","id":"b1-l178","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.221","id":"b1-l221","source":"τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.39","id":"b2-l39","source":"πρῶτον ἔπειτα γέροντα καθαπτόμενος προσέειπεν·"}]},{"lemma":"προσθέω","count":1,"glosses":["answered"],"forms":["προσέθη"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.332","id":"b4-l332","source":"τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέθη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·"}]},{"lemma":"προσκηδής","count":1,"glosses":["heartfelt"],"forms":["προσκηδέος"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.35","id":"b21-l35","source":"ἀρχὴν ξεινοσύνης προσκηδέος· οὐδὲ τραπέζῃ"}]},{"lemma":"προσκλίνω","count":3,"glosses":["leans close","leaned","he leaned"],"forms":["προσέκλινε","ποτικέκλιται"],"morphology":["perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"perfect προσκλίνω, 'is placed/leaning near' — describes fixed furniture","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.308","id":"b6-l308","source":"ἔνθα δὲ πατρὸς ἐμοῖο θρόνος ποτικέκλιται αὐτῇ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.138","id":"b21-l138","source":"αὐτοῦ δʼ ὠκὺ βέλος καλῇ προσέκλινε κορώνῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.165","id":"b21-l165","source":"αὐτοῦ δʼ ὠκὺ βέλος καλῇ προσέκλινε κορώνῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"προσλέγω","count":1,"glosses":["reclined beside"],"forms":["προσέλεκτο"],"morphology":["aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.34","id":"b12-l34","source":"εἷσέ τε καὶ προσέλεκτο καὶ ἐξερέεινεν ἕκαστα·"}]},{"lemma":"προσμυθέομαι","count":1,"glosses":["to speak to"],"forms":["προτιμυθήσασθαι"],"morphology":["aorist medio-passive infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.143","id":"b11-l143","source":"ἔτλη ἐσάντα ἰδεῖν οὐδὲ προτιμυθήσασθαι."}]},{"lemma":"προσπελάζω","count":1,"glosses":["driving near"],"forms":["προσπελάσας"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.285","id":"b9-l285","source":"ἄκρῃ προσπελάσας· ἄνεμος δʼ ἐκ πόντου ἔνεικεν·"}]},{"lemma":"προσπίλναμαι","count":1,"glosses":["drew near"],"forms":["προσεπίλνατο"],"morphology":["imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.95","id":"b13-l95","source":"τῆμος δὴ νήσῳ προσεπίλνατο ποντοπόρος νηῦς."}]},{"lemma":"προσπίπτω","count":1,"glosses":["crouching toward"],"forms":["ποτιπεπτηυῖαι"],"morphology":["perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine"],"note":"ποτιπεπτηυῖαι, perfect participle 'crouching down' — vivid image of cliffs leaning protectively over the harbor","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.98","id":"b13-l98","source":"ἀκταὶ ἀπορρῶγες, λιμένος ποτιπεπτηυῖαι,"}]},{"lemma":"προσπλάζω","count":1,"glosses":["lapped against"],"forms":["προσέπλαζε"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.583","id":"b11-l583","source":"ἑστεῶτʼ ἐν λίμνῃ· ἡ δὲ προσέπλαζε γενείῳ·"}]},{"lemma":"προσστείχω","count":1,"glosses":["was climbing"],"forms":["προσέστιχε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.73","id":"b20-l73","source":"εὖτʼ Ἀφροδίτη δῖα προσέστιχε μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,"}]},{"lemma":"προστίθημι","count":1,"glosses":["had set, placed"],"forms":["προσέθηκεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.305","id":"b9-l305","source":"χερσὶν ἀπώσασθαι λίθον ὄβριμον, ὃν προσέθηκεν."}]},{"lemma":"προσφύω","count":1,"glosses":["clinging fast"],"forms":["προσφὺς"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.433","id":"b12-l433","source":"τῷ προσφὺς ἐχόμην ὡς νυκτερίς. οὐδέ πῃ εἶχον"}]},{"lemma":"προσφυής","count":1,"glosses":["attached"],"forms":["προσφυέ"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"προσφυές = 'grown onto' — a vivid compound describing joinery, treated as one solid piece.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.58","id":"b19-l58","source":"προσφυέʼ ἐξ αὐτῆς, ὅθʼ ἐπὶ μέγα βάλλετο κῶας."}]},{"lemma":"προσφωνέω","count":24,"glosses":["addressed","spoke to","spoke to him","called to, addressed","said to","he spoke to","addressed, spoke to","spoke","answered"],"forms":["προσεφώνεε","προσεφώνεεν","προσεφώνεον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.69","id":"b4-l69","source":"δὴ τότε Τηλέμαχος προσεφώνεε Νέστορος υἱόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.159","id":"b5-l159","source":"ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσεφώνεε δῖα θεάων·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.381","id":"b8-l381","source":"δὴ τότʼ ἄρʼ Ἀλκίνοον προσεφώνεε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·"}]},{"lemma":"προσφωνήεις","count":1,"glosses":["able to speak"],"forms":["ποτιφωνήεις"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.456","id":"b9-l456","source":"εἰ δὴ ὁμοφρονέοις ποτιφωνήεις τε γένοιο"}]},{"lemma":"προτέμνω","count":2,"glosses":["I could cut","cutting off"],"forms":["προταμοίμην","προταμὼν"],"morphology":["aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"προταμοίμην, middle aorist optative of προτέμνω, 'cut a furrow ahead of myself' — vivid boast of plowing skill.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.375","id":"b18-l375","source":"τῷ κέ μʼ ἴδοις, εἰ ὦλκα διηνεκέα προταμοίμην."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.196","id":"b23-l196","source":"κορμὸν δʼ ἐκ ῥίζης προταμὼν ἀμφέξεσα χαλκῷ"}]},{"lemma":"προτέρω","count":13,"glosses":["onward","further in","further","further on","farther","forward"],"forms":["προτέρω"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.36","id":"b4-l36","source":"ξείνων, ἐς δʼ αὐτοὺς προτέρω ἄγε θοινηθῆναι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.667","id":"b4-l667","source":"ἄρξει καὶ προτέρω κακὸν ἔμμεναι· ἀλλά οἱ αὐτῷ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.91","id":"b5-l91","source":"ἀλλʼ ἕπεο προτέρω, ἵνα τοι πὰρ ξείνια θείω."}]},{"lemma":"προτιόσσομαι","count":4,"glosses":["foresaw","look at"],"forms":["προτιόσσεο","προτιόσσετ","προτιόσσετο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"προτιόσσετο, 'looked ahead to' — vivid compound suggesting the heart 'seeing' doom before it arrives.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.389","id":"b5-l389","source":"πλάζετο, πολλὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη προτιόσσετʼ ὄλεθρον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.31","id":"b7-l31","source":"μηδέ τινʼ ἀνθρώπων προτιόσσεο μηδʼ ἐρέεινε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.219","id":"b14-l219","source":"οὔ ποτέ μοι θάνατον προτιόσσετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ,"}]},{"lemma":"προτρέπω","count":2,"glosses":["turns","turned"],"forms":["προτράπηται","προτραποίμην"],"morphology":["aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"προτράπηται: aorist subjunctive passive, 'turns himself' — describes the sun's westward descent back toward earth.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.18","id":"b11-l18","source":"οὔθʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἂψ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἀπʼ οὐρανόθεν προτράπηται,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.381","id":"b12-l381","source":"ἠδʼ ὁπότʼ ἂψ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἀπʼ οὐρανόθεν προτραποίμην."}]},{"lemma":"προτύπτω","count":1,"glosses":["surged"],"forms":["προὔτυψε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.319","id":"b24-l319","source":"δριμὺ μένος προὔτυψε φίλον πατέρʼ εἰσορόωντι."}]},{"lemma":"προφαίνω","count":5,"glosses":["showed itself","shine","kept showing","appeared in view","having appeared"],"forms":["προυφαίνετ","προύφαινε","προύφαινον","προὐφαίνετο","προφανέντ"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine"],"note":"Impersonal-like use: 'nothing appeared beforehand to be seen' — darkness so total nothing was visible.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.143","id":"b9-l143","source":"νύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, οὐδὲ προυφαίνετʼ ἰδέσθαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.145","id":"b9-l145","source":"οὐρανόθεν προύφαινε, κατείχετο δὲ νεφέεσσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.394","id":"b12-l394","source":"τοῖσιν δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτα θεοὶ τέραα προύφαινον·"}]},{"lemma":"προφέρω","count":3,"glosses":["vying","offers","carrying"],"forms":["προφέρουσαι","προφέρηται","προφέρουσα"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural feminine","present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"προφέρω 'bring forth/put forward' idiomatic with ἔριδα = 'competing with each other,' a playful image of girls racing to wash fastest.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.92","id":"b6-l92","source":"στεῖβον δʼ ἐν βόθροισι θοῶς ἔριδα προφέρουσαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.210","id":"b8-l210","source":"ὅς τις ξεινοδόκῳ ἔριδα προφέρηται ἀέθλων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.64","id":"b20-l64","source":"οἴχοιτο προφέρουσα κατʼ ἠερόεντα κέλευθα,"}]},{"lemma":"προφερής","count":3,"glosses":["foremost","superior","mightier"],"forms":["προφερέστατος","προφερέστερον","προφερέστεροί"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine superlative adjective","accusative singular masculine comparative adjective","nominative plural masculine comparative adjective"],"note":"comparative προφερέστερον 'more preeminent' — Odysseus ranks himself above all living men, just below the heroic dead","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.128","id":"b8-l128","source":"ἅλματι δʼ Ἀμφίαλος πάντων προφερέστατος ἦεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.221","id":"b8-l221","source":"τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ἐμέ φημι πολὺ προφερέστερον 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αὐτῷ"}]},{"lemma":"Πρυμνεύς","count":1,"glosses":["Prymneus"],"forms":["Πρυμνεύς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.112","id":"b8-l112","source":"Ναυτεύς τε Πρυμνεύς τε καὶ Ἀγχίαλος καὶ Ἐρετμεύς,"}]},{"lemma":"πρυμνήσιος","count":11,"glosses":["stern-cables","stern cables"],"forms":["πρυμνήσια","πρυμνήσι"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"τε...τε pairs the two infinitives (ἀμβαίνειν, λῦσαι) as parallel commands.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.418","id":"b2-l418","source":"ἕζετο Τηλέμαχος. τοὶ δὲ πρυμνήσιʼ ἔλυσαν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.137","id":"b9-l137","source":"οὔτʼ εὐνὰς βαλέειν οὔτε πρυμνήσιʼ ἀνάψαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.178","id":"b9-l178","source":"αὐτούς τʼ ἀμβαίνειν ἀνά τε πρυμνήσια λῦσαι."}]},{"lemma":"πρυμνός","count":6,"glosses":["stern","of the stern","lowest part of","low/at the base"],"forms":["πρυμνῇ","πρυμνῆς","πρυμνότατον","πρυμνὸν"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine superlative adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.417","id":"b2-l417","source":"νηὶ δʼ ἐνὶ πρυμνῇ κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· ἄγχι δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῆς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.411","id":"b12-l411","source":"εἰς ἄντλον κατέχυνθʼ. ὁ δʼ ἄρα πρυμνῇ ἐνὶ νηὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.75","id":"b13-l75","source":"πρυμνῆς· ἂν δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐβήσετο καὶ κατέλεκτο"}]},{"lemma":"πρώτιστος","count":13,"glosses":["first of all","first","very first","the very first"],"forms":["πρώτιστα","πρώτιστον","πρώτισθ","πρώτιστος"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"adverbial neuter plural used as adverb, epic idiom for 'firstly'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.57","id":"b3-l57","source":"Νέστορι μὲν πρώτιστα καὶ υἱάσι κῦδος ὄπαζε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.419","id":"b3-l419","source":"ὄφρʼ ἦ τοι πρώτιστα θεῶν ἱλάσσομʼ Ἀθήνην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.456","id":"b4-l456","source":"ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι πρώτιστα λέων γένετʼ ἠυγένειος,"}]},{"lemma":"πρῷρα","count":1,"glosses":["of the prow"],"forms":["πρῴρης"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"πρῴρης genitive modifying ἴκρια from the line above — enjambment across lines","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.230","id":"b12-l230","source":"πρῴρης· ἔνθεν γάρ μιν ἐδέγμην πρῶτα φανεῖσθαι"}]},{"lemma":"πρῶτον","count":1,"glosses":["first"],"forms":["πρῶτον"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.141","id":"b14-l141","source":"οἶκον, ὅθι πρῶτον γενόμην καί μʼ ἔτρεφον αὐτοί."}]},{"lemma":"πρῶτος","count":93,"glosses":["first","outer, front","first, at first","first time","the foremost","first of all","among the foremost","front","first, at once"],"forms":["πρῶτον","πρῶτα","πρῶτος","πρῶτ","πρώτην","πρώτῃσι","πρώτοισιν","πρῶτόν","πρώτη","πρώτους","πρῶτός","πρώτῃ","πρῶτοι","πρῶθ","πρώτῳ","πρώτης"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","dative plural feminine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πολὺ πρώτη 'by far first' — adverbial accusative πολύ intensifying an ordinal, common epic idiom.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.113","id":"b1-l113","source":"τὴν δὲ πολὺ πρῶτος ἴδε Τηλέμαχος θεοειδής,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.255","id":"b1-l255","source":"εἰ γὰρ νῦν ἐλθὼν δόμου ἐν πρώτῃσι θύρῃσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.257","id":"b1-l257","source":"τοῖος ἐὼν οἷόν μιν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτʼ ἐνόησα"}]},{"lemma":"πρωθήβης","count":2,"glosses":["in first youth","in first bloom of youth"],"forms":["πρωθήβην","πρωθῆβαι"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"πρωθήβης, compound epithet 'first-youth', vivid Homeric coinage","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.431","id":"b1-l431","source":"πρωθήβην ἔτʼ ἐοῦσαν, ἐεικοσάβοια δʼ ἔδωκεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.263","id":"b8-l263","source":"πρωθῆβαι ἵσταντο, δαήμονες ὀρχηθμοῖο,"}]},{"lemma":"πρωί","count":1,"glosses":["early, too soon"],"forms":["πρῶϊ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.28","id":"b24-l28","source":"ἦ τʼ ἄρα καὶ σοὶ πρῶϊ παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν"}]},{"lemma":"Πρωρεύς","count":1,"glosses":["Proreus"],"forms":["Πρωρεύς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.113","id":"b8-l113","source":"Ποντεύς τε Πρωρεύς τε, Θόων Ἀναβησίνεώς τε"}]},{"lemma":"Πρωτεύς","count":2,"glosses":["of Proteus","Proteus"],"forms":["Πρωτέος","Πρωτεὺς"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.365","id":"b4-l365","source":"Πρωτέος ἰφθίμου θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.385","id":"b4-l385","source":"ἀθάνατος Πρωτεὺς Αἰγύπτιος, ὅς τε θαλάσσης"}]},{"lemma":"πρωτόπλοος","count":1,"glosses":["newly launched"],"forms":["πρωτόπλοον"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.35","id":"b8-l35","source":"πρωτόπλοον, κούρω δὲ δύω καὶ πεντήκοντα"}]},{"lemma":"πταίρω","count":1,"glosses":["sneezed"],"forms":["ἔπταρεν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ἔπταρεν, a sneeze at this moment is taken as a divine omen confirming her words","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.541","id":"b17-l541","source":"ὣς φάτο, Τηλέμαχος δὲ μέγʼ ἔπταρεν, ἀμφὶ δὲ\n                  δῶμα"}]},{"lemma":"πτέρυξ","count":1,"glosses":["wings"],"forms":["πτερύγεσσιν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.149","id":"b2-l149","source":"πλησίω ἀλλήλοισι τιταινομένω πτερύγεσσιν·"}]},{"lemma":"πτερόεις","count":63,"glosses":["winged"],"forms":["πτερόεντα","πτερόεντ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"ἔπεα πτερόεντα, 'winged words,' a famous Homeric formula introducing direct speech.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.122","id":"b1-l122","source":"καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.269","id":"b2-l269","source":"καί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.362","id":"b2-l362","source":"καί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·"}]},{"lemma":"πτερόν","count":6,"glosses":["wings","a wing","feathers"],"forms":["πτερὰ","πτερὸν"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"ὡς εἰ + noun, a Homeric simile formula 'as if a wing,' comparing ship speed to flight and thought.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.151","id":"b2-l151","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐπιδινηθέντε τιναξάσθην πτερὰ πυκνά,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.53","id":"b5-l53","source":"ἰχθῦς ἀγρώσσων πυκινὰ πτερὰ δεύεται ἅλμῃ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.36","id":"b7-l36","source":"τῶν νέες ὠκεῖαι ὡς εἰ πτερὸν ἠὲ νόημα."}]},{"lemma":"πτήσσω","count":1,"glosses":["they cowered"],"forms":["ἔπτηξαν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.190","id":"b8-l190","source":"βόμβησεν δὲ λίθος· κατὰ δʼ ἔπτηξαν ποτὶ γαίῃ"}]},{"lemma":"πτόρθος","count":1,"glosses":["branch"],"forms":["πτόρθον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.128","id":"b6-l128","source":"ἐκ πυκινῆς δʼ ὕλης πτόρθον κλάσε χειρὶ παχείῃ"}]},{"lemma":"πτοέω","count":1,"glosses":["were terrified"],"forms":["ἐπτοίηθεν"],"morphology":["aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"φρένες ἐπτοίηθεν 'their hearts/wits were panicked' — the aegis causes psychological rout, not physical harm.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.298","id":"b22-l298","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐξ ὀροφῆς· τῶν δὲ φρένες ἐπτοίηθεν."}]},{"lemma":"πτολίεθρον","count":8,"glosses":["citadel","city"],"forms":["πτολίεθρον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.2","id":"b1-l2","source":"πλάγχθη, ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.4","id":"b3-l4","source":"οἱ δὲ Πύλον, Νηλῆος ἐυκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.485","id":"b3-l485","source":"ἐς πεδίον, λιπέτην δὲ Πύλου αἰπὺ πτολίεθρον."}]},{"lemma":"πτολίπορθος","count":6,"glosses":["sacker of cities"],"forms":["πτολίπορθος","πτολίπορθον","πτολιπόρθῳ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","dative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"πτολίπορθος, Odysseus's recurring epithet from his role at Troy.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.3","id":"b8-l3","source":"ἂν δʼ ἄρα διογενὴς ὦρτο πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεύς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.447","id":"b14-l447","source":"σπείσας δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον Ὀδυσσῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.442","id":"b16-l442","source":"ἡμετέρῳ, ἐπεὶ ἦ καὶ ἐμὲ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"πτολιπόρθιος","count":2,"glosses":["sacker of cities"],"forms":["πτολιπόρθιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"formulaic epithet πτολιπόρθιος: Odysseus proudly names himself in full heroic terms as he taunts the Cyclops.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.504","id":"b9-l504","source":"φάσθαι Ὀδυσσῆα πτολιπόρθιον ἐξαλαῶσαι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.530","id":"b9-l530","source":"δὸς μὴ Ὀδυσσῆα πτολιπόρθιον οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι"}]},{"lemma":"πτύξ","count":1,"glosses":["folds/glens"],"forms":["πτύχας"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.432","id":"b19-l432","source":"Παρνησοῦ, τάχα δʼ ἵκανον πτύχας ἠνεμοέσσας."}]},{"lemma":"πτύσσω","count":4,"glosses":["having folded","folding"],"forms":["πτύξασα","πτύξασά","πτύξασ"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"πτύξασ(α): feminine participle agreeing with Penelope, describing how she prepared the garments","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.439","id":"b1-l439","source":"ἡ μὲν τὸν πτύξασα καὶ ἀσκήσασα χιτῶνα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.111","id":"b6-l111","source":"ζεύξασʼ ἡμιόνους πτύξασά τε εἵματα καλά,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.252","id":"b6-l252","source":"εἵματʼ ἄρα πτύξασα τίθει καλῆς ἐπʼ ἀπήνης,"}]},{"lemma":"πτώσσω","count":3,"glosses":["cringing, cowering","to skulk, cringe","cowering"],"forms":["πτώσσων","πτώσσειν","πτώσσουσαι"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active infinitive","present active participle, nominative plural feminine"],"note":"πτώσσειν implies cowering/begging, contrasted sharply with honest ἔργον — the taunt's core insult.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.227","id":"b17-l227","source":"ἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι, ἀλλὰ πτώσσων κατὰ δῆμον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.363","id":"b18-l363","source":"ἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι, ἀλλὰ πτώσσειν κατὰ δῆμον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.304","id":"b22-l304","source":"ταὶ μέν τʼ ἐν πεδίῳ νέφεα πτώσσουσαι ἵενται,"}]},{"lemma":"πτωχεύω","count":5,"glosses":["to go begging","may beg","to beg","used to beg","I beg"],"forms":["πτωχεύσων","πτωχεύῃ","πτωχεύειν","πτωχεύεσκ","πτωχεύω"],"morphology":["future active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","present active infinitive","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"future participle expressing purpose, 'in order to beg'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.309","id":"b15-l309","source":"πτωχεύσων, ἵνα μή σε κατατρύχω καὶ ἑταίρους."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.11","id":"b17-l11","source":"δαῖτα πτωχεύῃ· δώσει δέ οἱ ὅς κʼ ἐθέλῃσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.19","id":"b17-l19","source":"δαῖτα πτωχεύειν· δώσει δέ μοι ὅς κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν."}]},{"lemma":"πτωχός","count":21,"glosses":["beggar","beggars","a beggar","of beggars","to a beggar","for a beggar","the beggars"],"forms":["πτωχῷ","πτωχὸς","πτωχῶν","πτωχοί","πτωχὸν","πτωχοὶ","πτωχοὺς"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine noun","nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","genitive plural masculine adjective","dative singular masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"dative of comparison-like resemblance governed by ἐναλίγκιον, 'like a beggar'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.208","id":"b6-l208","source":"ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε, δόσις δʼ ὀλίγη τε φίλη τε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.58","id":"b14-l58","source":"ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε· δόσις δʼ ὀλίγη τε φίλη τε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.400","id":"b14-l400","source":"ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλος πτωχὸς ἀλεύεται ἠπεροπεύειν."}]},{"lemma":"πύθω","count":2,"glosses":["are rotting","rotting"],"forms":["πύθεται","πυθομένων"],"morphology":["present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present passive participle, genitive plural masculine"],"note":"πυθομένων, 'decaying/rotting' — grim image reinforcing the Sirens' meadow of death.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.161","id":"b1-l161","source":"ἀνέρος, οὗ δή που λεύκʼ ὀστέα πύθεται ὄμβρῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.46","id":"b12-l46","source":"ἀνδρῶν πυθομένων, περὶ δὲ ῥινοὶ μινύθουσι."}]},{"lemma":"πύκα","count":7,"glosses":["firmly, closely","closely, tightly","stoutly","closely/tightly","closely","firmly","thoroughly"],"forms":["πύκα"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"πύκα 'closely, snugly' modifies ποιητοῖο, describing tightly-built construction.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.333","id":"b1-l333","source":"στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.436","id":"b1-l436","source":"ὤιξεν δὲ θύρας θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.458","id":"b8-l458","source":"στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο,"}]},{"lemma":"πύλη","count":4,"glosses":["gates"],"forms":["πύλῃσιν","πύλῃσι","πύλαι","πύλας"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":"'gates of dreams' — a Homeric image for the threshold between sleep and waking.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.809","id":"b4-l809","source":"ἡδὺ μάλα κνώσσουσʼ ἐν ὀνειρείῃσι πύλῃσιν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.156","id":"b14-l156","source":"ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.562","id":"b19-l562","source":"δοιαὶ γάρ τε πύλαι ἀμενηνῶν εἰσὶν ὀνείρων·"}]},{"lemma":"Πύλιος","count":4,"glosses":["of Pylos","to the Pylians","of Pylians","among the Pylians"],"forms":["Πυλίων","Πυλίοισιν","Πυλίοισι"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine adjective","dative plural masculine noun"],"note":"Πύλιος, 'man of Pylos' — ethnic adjective used as noun, dative plural in -οισιν (epic ending)","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.31","id":"b3-l31","source":"ἷξον δʼ ἐς Πυλίων ἀνδρῶν ἄγυρίν τε καὶ ἕδρας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.59","id":"b3-l59","source":"σύμπασιν Πυλίοισιν ἀγακλειτῆς ἑκατόμβης."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.216","id":"b15-l216","source":"ἂψ Πυλίων εἰς ἄστυ, θοῶς δʼ ἄρα δώμαθʼ ἵκανε."}]},{"lemma":"Πύλος","count":26,"glosses":["Pylos","of Pylos","in Pylos"],"forms":["Πύλον","Πύλου","Πύλῳ"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Pylos, Nestor's kingdom, one of the two possible refuges named for Telemachus/Odysseus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.93","id":"b1-l93","source":"πέμψω δʼ ἐς Σπάρτην τε καὶ ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.214","id":"b2-l214","source":"εἶμι γὰρ ἐς Σπάρτην τε καὶ ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.308","id":"b2-l308","source":"ἐς Πύλον ἠγαθέην μετʼ ἀγαυοῦ πατρὸς ἀκουήν."}]},{"lemma":"πύλος","count":2,"glosses":["Pylos","to Pylos"],"forms":["Πύλον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.284","id":"b1-l284","source":"πρῶτα μὲν ἐς Πύλον ἐλθὲ καὶ εἴρεο Νέστορα δῖον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.4","id":"b3-l4","source":"οἱ δὲ Πύλον, Νηλῆος ἐυκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,"}]},{"lemma":"πύματος","count":6,"glosses":["last","final","for the last"],"forms":["πύματον","πύματα","πυμάτῳ","πύματόν"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"grim 'reward' promised for the trick name: Noman eaten last, a hollow favor","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.20","id":"b2-l20","source":"ἐν σπῆι γλαφυρῷ, πύματον δʼ ὡπλίσσατο δόρπον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.685","id":"b4-l685","source":"ὕστατα καὶ πύματα νῦν ἐνθάδε δειπνήσειαν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.138","id":"b7-l138","source":"ᾧ πυμάτῳ σπένδεσκον, ὅτε μνησαίατο κοίτου."}]},{"lemma":"πύξ","count":4,"glosses":["in boxing","boxing","with the fist"],"forms":["πὺξ","πύξ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"πύξ, adverb 'in boxing' — marks Polydeuces as the boxer twin.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.103","id":"b8-l103","source":"πύξ τε παλαιμοσύνῃ τε καὶ ἅλμασιν ἠδὲ πόδεσσιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.130","id":"b8-l130","source":"πὺξ δʼ αὖ Λαοδάμας, ἀγαθὸς πάϊς Ἀλκινόοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.206","id":"b8-l206","source":"ἢ πὺξ ἠὲ πάλῃ ἢ καὶ ποσίν, οὔ τι μεγαίρω,"}]},{"lemma":"πύργος","count":2,"glosses":["a wall","tower (of strength)"],"forms":["πύργος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"πύργος + περί, 'a tower/wall (runs) around'; postponed preposition (anastrophe) typical of Homeric verse.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.262","id":"b6-l262","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν πόλιος ἐπιβήομεν, ἣν πέρι πύργος"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.556","id":"b11-l556","source":"τοῖος γάρ σφιν πύργος ἀπώλεο· σεῖο δʼ Ἀχαιοὶ"}]},{"lemma":"πύρνον","count":3,"glosses":["a crust of bread","a crust","bread, loaves"],"forms":["πύρνον","πύρνα"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.312","id":"b15-l312","source":"πλάγξομαι, αἴ κέν τις κοτύλην καὶ πύρνον ὀρέξῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.12","id":"b17-l12","source":"πύρνον καὶ κοτύλην· ἐμὲ δʼ οὔ πως ἔστιν ἅπαντας"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.362","id":"b17-l362","source":"ὤτρυνʼ, ὡς ἂν πύρνα κατὰ μνηστῆρας ἀγείροι,"}]},{"lemma":"πῦρ","count":55,"glosses":["fire","of fire","the fire","of the fire","a fire","over fire","in fire","by the fire","to fire"],"forms":["πῦρ","πυρὶ","πυρὸς","πυρί","πυρός"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":"πυρὸς genitive after comparative adverb ἀσσοτέρω, 'closer of/to the fire'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.341","id":"b3-l341","source":"γλώσσας δʼ ἐν πυρὶ βάλλον, ἀνιστάμενοι δʼ ἐπέλειβον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.446","id":"b3-l446","source":"εὔχετʼ ἀπαρχόμενος, κεφαλῆς τρίχας ἐν πυρὶ βάλλων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.418","id":"b4-l418","source":"ἑρπετὰ γίγνονται, καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ·"}]},{"lemma":"πυγμάχος","count":1,"glosses":["boxers"],"forms":["πυγμάχοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.246","id":"b8-l246","source":"οὐ γὰρ πυγμάχοι εἰμὲν ἀμύμονες οὐδὲ παλαισταί,"}]},{"lemma":"πυγούσιος","count":2,"glosses":["a cubit"],"forms":["πυγούσιον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"πυγούσιον, a rare measure-word (about 1.5 feet) giving the pit's precise ritual size.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.517","id":"b10-l517","source":"βόθρον ὀρύξαι, ὅσον τε πυγούσιον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.25","id":"b11-l25","source":"βόθρον ὄρυξʼ ὅσσον τε πυγούσιον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,"}]},{"lemma":"πυέλος","count":1,"glosses":["the trough"],"forms":["πύελον"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.553","id":"b19-l553","source":"πυρὸν ἐρεπτομένους παρὰ πύελον, ἧχι πάρος περ."}]},{"lemma":"πυθμήν","count":3,"glosses":["the trunk","the trunk, base"],"forms":["πυθμέν"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.122","id":"b13-l122","source":"καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν παρὰ πυθμένʼ ἐλαίης ἀθρόα θῆκαν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.372","id":"b13-l372","source":"τὼ δὲ καθεζομένω ἱερῆς παρὰ πυθμένʼ ἐλαίης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.204","id":"b23-l204","source":"ἀνδρῶν ἄλλοσε θῆκε, ταμὼν ὕπο πυθμένʼ ἐλαίης."}]},{"lemma":"Πυθώ","count":1,"glosses":["in Pytho"],"forms":["Πυθοῖ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Πυθοῖ, locative dative naming Delphi's older cult-name, site of Apollo's oracle.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.80","id":"b8-l80","source":"Πυθοῖ ἐν ἠγαθέῃ, ὅθʼ ὑπέρβη λάινον οὐδὸν"}]},{"lemma":"Πυθώδε","count":1,"glosses":["to Pytho"],"forms":["Πυθώδ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"Πυθώδε, directional -δε suffix 'to/toward Pytho'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.581","id":"b11-l581","source":"Πυθώδʼ ἐρχομένην διὰ καλλιχόρου Πανοπῆος."}]},{"lemma":"πυκάζω","count":3,"glosses":["thicken","should huddle","wrapped"],"forms":["πυκάσαι","πυκάζοιεν","πεπυκασμένος"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive","present active optative, 3rd plural verb","perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"the two infinitives ἀνθῆσαι/πυκάσαι depend on the same 'before' clause, describing the beard that never got to grow.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.320","id":"b11-l320","source":"ἀνθῆσαι πυκάσαι τε γένυς ἐυανθέι λάχνῃ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.225","id":"b12-l225","source":"εἰρεσίης, ἐντὸς δὲ πυκάζοιεν σφέας αὐτούς."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.488","id":"b22-l488","source":"μηδʼ οὕτω ῥάκεσιν πεπυκασμένος εὐρέας ὤμους"}]},{"lemma":"πυκιμηδής","count":1,"glosses":["wise, shrewd"],"forms":["πυκιμηδέος"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πυκιμηδής 'shrewd-minded' echoes the same πυκ- root as πύκα in l436, both praising careful, competent craftsmanship/thought.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.438","id":"b1-l438","source":"καὶ τὸν μὲν γραίης πυκιμηδέος ἔμβαλε χερσίν."}]},{"lemma":"πυκινός","count":9,"glosses":["dense","strong-built","well-built","sturdy","thick","well-made","strong","closely","close-built"],"forms":["πυκινὸν","πυκινοῖσι","πυκινοῖσιν","πυκινῶς","πυκινοῦ"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","adverb","genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.471","id":"b5-l471","source":"θάμνοις ἐν πυκινοῖσι καταδράθω, εἴ με μεθείη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.81","id":"b7-l81","source":"δῦνε δʼ Ἐρεχθῆος πυκινὸν δόμον. αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.88","id":"b7-l88","source":"χρύσειαι δὲ θύραι πυκινὸν δόμον ἐντὸς ἔεργον·"}]},{"lemma":"πυκνός","count":41,"glosses":["thick","dense","tightly, firmly","close-built","shrewd","thickly","shrewdly","close-sewn","thick, clustered","thick, close-set","thick, dense","cunning thoughts","deeply","close-packed","sturdy","full of","sharply","heavily","closely, tightly","tightly, closely","close-set","bitterly"],"forms":["πυκινῶς","πυκνὰ","πυκινὰ","πυκιναὶ","πυκινὸν","πυκνά","πυκινοῖσιν","πυκνοὶ","πυκνῇσιν","πυκινῆς","πυκινοὺς","πυκινόν","πυκινὴν","πυκνοὺς","πυκνὴν","πυκνήν","πυκινῇ","πυκνὴ"],"morphology":["adverb","accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative plural feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","dative plural feminine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"πυκινῶς 'closely, shrewdly' (from πυκνός 'dense') — Homer's stock word for wise counsel, echoed in πυκινὴ βουλή elsewhere.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.279","id":"b1-l279","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ πυκινῶς ὑποθήσομαι, αἴ κε πίθηαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.151","id":"b2-l151","source":"ἔνθʼ ἐπιδινηθέντε τιναξάσθην πτερὰ πυκνά,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.291","id":"b2-l291","source":"δέρμασιν ἐν πυκινοῖσιν· ἐγὼ δʼ ἀνὰ δῆμον ἑταίρους"}]},{"lemma":"πυλάρτης","count":1,"glosses":["gate-fastener"],"forms":["πυλάρταο"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"epithet for Hades as 'holder/closer of gates,' the underworld gatekeeper","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.277","id":"b11-l277","source":"ἡ δʼ ἔβη εἰς Ἀίδαο πυλάρταο κρατεροῖο,"}]},{"lemma":"Πυλόθεν","count":1,"glosses":["from Pylos"],"forms":["Πυλόθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.323","id":"b16-l323","source":"ἣ φέρε Τηλέμαχον Πυλόθεν καὶ πάντας ἑταίρους."}]},{"lemma":"Πυλόνδε","count":6,"glosses":["to Pylos","toward Pylos"],"forms":["Πύλονδε","Πύλονδ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"-δε suffix = 'to/toward', directional ending on the place name","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.317","id":"b2-l317","source":"ἠὲ Πύλονδʼ ἐλθών, ἢ αὐτοῦ τῷδʼ ἐνὶ δήμῳ."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.182","id":"b3-l182","source":"ἵστασαν· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε Πύλονδʼ ἔχον, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἔσβη"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.656","id":"b4-l656","source":"χθιζὸν ὑπηοῖον, τότε δʼ ἔμβη νηὶ Πύλονδε."}]},{"lemma":"πυλόνδε","count":1,"glosses":["to Pylos"],"forms":["Πύλονδε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"Πύλονδε: directional -δε suffix on a place name, 'to/toward Pylos' — no preposition needed.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.274","id":"b13-l274","source":"τούς μʼ ἐκέλευσα Πύλονδε καταστῆσαι καὶ ἐφέσσαι"}]},{"lemma":"πυνθάνομαι","count":37,"glosses":["to learn","to inquire","learned of it","to learn of","will learn","to seek news of","I learn","seeking to learn","has learned","you might learn","you learn","learn","had learned","you may learn","I might hear","have questioned","I had inquired","inquiring of","you have heard","I have heard","I heard of","seeking","heard, learned","has heard of","may learn","to hear, learn","I learned","I will learn","to hear of"],"forms":["πυθέσθαι","πευσόμενος","πυθόμην","πευσόμενον","πυθοίμην","πέπυσται","πύθηαι","πύθηται","πύθοιτο","πεύσεται","πυνθάνομαι","πύθησθε","πέπυσσαι","πέπυσμαι","πυνθανόμην","πεύσομαι"],"morphology":["aorist middle infinitive","future middle participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb","future participle, accusative singular masculine","future participle, nominative singular masculine","perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb","aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle optative, 1st singular verb","future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist infinitive","aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd plural verb","aorist optative, 1st singular verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","perfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"Future participle of πυνθάνομαι expressing purpose ('go in order to learn') — a common Homeric use of the future participle.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.94","id":"b1-l94","source":"νόστον πευσόμενον πατρὸς φίλου, ἤν που ἀκούσῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.281","id":"b1-l281","source":"ἔρχεο πευσόμενος πατρὸς δὴν οἰχομένοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.31","id":"b2-l31","source":"ἥν χʼ ἡμῖν σάφα εἴποι, ὅτε πρότερός γε πύθοιτο;"}]},{"lemma":"πυράγρα","count":1,"glosses":["tongs"],"forms":["πυράγρην"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.434","id":"b3-l434","source":"ἄκμονά τε σφῦραν τʼ ἐυποίητόν τε πυράγρην,"}]},{"lemma":"πυρακτέω","count":1,"glosses":["hardened in fire"],"forms":["ἐπυράκτεον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"πυρακτέω, 'to harden by fire' — a technical craft term, describing fire-hardening the stake's tip","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.328","id":"b9-l328","source":"ἄκρον, ἄφαρ δὲ λαβὼν ἐπυράκτεον ἐν πυρὶ κηλέῳ."}]},{"lemma":"πυργόω","count":1,"glosses":["walled"],"forms":["πύργωσάν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.264","id":"b11-l264","source":"πύργωσάν τʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐ μὲν ἀπύργωτόν γʼ ἐδύναντο"}]},{"lemma":"πυρή","count":3,"glosses":["pyre"],"forms":["πυρήν","πυρὴν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.523","id":"b10-l523","source":"ῥέξειν ἐν μεγάροισι πυρήν τʼ ἐμπλησέμεν ἐσθλῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.31","id":"b11-l31","source":"ῥέξειν ἐν μεγάροισι πυρήν τʼ ἐμπλησέμεν ἐσθλῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.69","id":"b24-l69","source":"τεύχεσιν ἐρρώσαντο πυρὴν πέρι καιομένοιο,"}]},{"lemma":"πυρηφόρος","count":1,"glosses":["wheat-bearing"],"forms":["πυρηφόρον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"πυρηφόρος 'wheat-bearing' — a stock epithet for fertile farmland.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.495","id":"b3-l495","source":"ἷξον δʼ ἐς πεδίον πυρηφόρον, ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτα"}]},{"lemma":"πυριηκής","count":1,"glosses":["fire-pointed"],"forms":["πυριήκεα"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.387","id":"b9-l387","source":"ὣς τοῦ ἐν ὀφθαλμῷ πυριήκεα μοχλὸν ἑλόντες"}]},{"lemma":"Πυριφλεγέθων","count":1,"glosses":["Pyriphlegethon"],"forms":["Πυριφλεγέθων"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"Underworld river name meaning 'blazing with fire' — one of Homer's mythic river-names.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.513","id":"b10-l513","source":"ἔνθα μὲν εἰς Ἀχέροντα Πυριφλεγέθων τε ῥέουσιν"}]},{"lemma":"πυρός","count":6,"glosses":["wheat"],"forms":["πυρὸν","πυροί","πυροὶ","πυροὺς"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.604","id":"b4-l604","source":"πυροί τε ζειαί τε ἰδʼ εὐρυφυὲς κρῖ λευκόν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.110","id":"b9-l110","source":"πυροὶ καὶ κριθαὶ ἠδʼ ἄμπελοι, αἵ τε φέρουσιν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.112","id":"b19-l112","source":"πυροὺς καὶ κριθάς, βρίθῃσι δὲ δένδρεα καρπῷ,"}]},{"lemma":"πυρπολέω","count":1,"glosses":["tending fires"],"forms":["πυρπολέοντας"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative plural masculine"],"note":"πυρπολέω 'fire-tend': a compound verb turned into a participle noun, men glimpsed by their fires.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.30","id":"b10-l30","source":"καὶ δὴ πυρπολέοντας ἐλεύσσομεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντες·"}]},{"lemma":"πω","count":60,"glosses":["yet","ever yet","ever","yet/still"],"forms":["πω","πώ"],"morphology":["particle"],"note":"πω 'yet/ever' with negation οὐ makes 'never yet' — common epic emphatic pairing.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.196","id":"b1-l196","source":"οὐ γάρ πω τέθνηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.216","id":"b1-l216","source":"οὐκ οἶδʼ· οὐ γάρ πώ τις ἑὸν γόνον αὐτὸς ἀνέγνω."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.118","id":"b2-l118","source":"κέρδεά θʼ, οἷʼ οὔ πώ τινʼ ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν,"}]},{"lemma":"πῶλος","count":1,"glosses":["colts"],"forms":["πῶλοι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.246","id":"b23-l246","source":"Λάμπον καὶ Φαέθονθʼ, οἵ τʼ Ἠῶ πῶλοι ἄγουσι."}]},{"lemma":"πῶμα","count":4,"glosses":["lid","with lids","lid, cover"],"forms":["πῶμα","πώμασιν","πῶμ"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.353","id":"b2-l353","source":"δώδεκα δʼ ἔμπλησον καὶ πώμασιν ἄρσον ἅπαντας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.443","id":"b8-l443","source":"αὐτὸς νῦν ἴδε πῶμα, θοῶς δʼ ἐπὶ δεσμὸν\n                     ἴηλον,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.447","id":"b8-l447","source":"αὐτίκʼ ἐπήρτυε πῶμα, θοῶς δʼ ἐπὶ δεσμὸν ἴηλεν"}]},{"lemma":"πῶς","count":27,"glosses":["how","somehow"],"forms":["πῶς","πώς"],"morphology":["adverb","pronoun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.65","id":"b1-l65","source":"πῶς ἂν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἐγὼ θείοιο λαθοίμην,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.171","id":"b1-l171","source":"ὁπποίης τʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἀφίκεο· πῶς δέ σε ναῦται"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.22","id":"b3-l22","source":"Μέντορ, πῶς τʼ ἄρʼ ἴω; πῶς τʼ ἂρ προσπτύξομαι αὐτόν;"}]},{"lemma":"πῶυ","count":6,"glosses":["flocks","among flocks","flock"],"forms":["πώεα","πώεσι","πῶυ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","dative plural neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.413","id":"b4-l413","source":"λέξεται ἐν μέσσῃσι νομεὺς ὣς πώεσι μήλων."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.402","id":"b11-l402","source":"βοῦς περιταμνόμενον ἠδʼ οἰῶν πώεα καλά,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.129","id":"b12-l129","source":"ἑπτὰ βοῶν ἀγέλαι, τόσα δʼ οἰῶν πώεα καλά,"}]},{"lemma":"πωλέομαι","count":7,"glosses":["frequenting, haunting","frequents","you used to visit","went about","used to haunt","coming, going","used to come"],"forms":["πωλεύμενοι","πωλεῖταί","πωλέ","πωλεῖτ","πωλέσκετο","πωλεύμην"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"πωλεύμενοι, 'coming and going repeatedly' — iterative-feeling middle participle showing the suitors' constant, unwelcome presence.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.55","id":"b2-l55","source":"οἱ δʼ εἰς ἡμέτερον πωλεύμενοι ἤματα πάντα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.384","id":"b4-l384","source":"πωλεῖταί τις δεῦρο γέρων ἅλιος νημερτὴς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.811","id":"b4-l811","source":"πωλέʼ, ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἀπόπροθι δώματα ναίεις·"}]},{"lemma":"πως","count":36,"glosses":["somehow","in any way","at all","anyhow"],"forms":["πως","πώς"],"morphology":["particle"],"note":"οὔ πως together = emphatic 'there's no way'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.130","id":"b2-l130","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, οὔ πως ἔστι δόμων ἀέκουσαν ἀπῶσαι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.310","id":"b2-l310","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, οὔ πως ἔστιν ὑπερφιάλοισι μεθʼ ὑμῖν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.388","id":"b4-l388","source":"τόν γʼ εἴ πως σὺ δύναιο λοχησάμενος λελαβέσθαι,"}]}]}