{"work":{"slug":"odyssey","title":{"source":"Ὀδύσσεια","translated":"The Odyssey"},"language":"Ancient Greek","languageCode":"grc"},"letter":"υ","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/words/upsilon","headwords":[{"lemma":"ὕβρις","count":15,"glosses":["insolence","outrage","arrogance"],"forms":["ὕβριν","ὕβρει","ὕβρις"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun"],"note":"ὕβρις, the charged Greek term for arrogant, boundary-crossing outrage — carries moral weight beyond mere 'rudeness'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.368","id":"b1-l368","source":"μητρὸς ἐμῆς μνηστῆρες ὑπέρβιον ὕβριν\n                     ἔχοντες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.321","id":"b4-l321","source":"μητρὸς ἐμῆς μνηστῆρες ὑπέρβιον ὕβριν ἔχοντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.627","id":"b4-l627","source":"ἐν τυκτῷ δαπέδῳ, ὅθι περ πάρος, ὕβριν ἔχοντες."}]},{"lemma":"ὕδωρ","count":59,"glosses":["water","with water","of water","the water","water/current","waters"],"forms":["ὕδωρ","ὕδατι","ὕδατος","ὕδατός","ὕδατ","ὕδατί"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun","nominative singular neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","genitive singular neuter noun","nominative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.110","id":"b1-l110","source":"οἱ μὲν οἶνον ἔμισγον ἐνὶ κρητῆρσι καὶ ὕδωρ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.146","id":"b1-l146","source":"τοῖσι δὲ κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.300","id":"b3-l300","source":"Αἰγύπτῳ ἐπέλασσε φέρων ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕδωρ."}]},{"lemma":"ὕλη","count":17,"glosses":["wood","of wood","woods","in forest","brush","woodland","the woodland","timber, wood","of woodland","timber","of the wood"],"forms":["ὕλην","ὕλης","ὕλη","ὕλῃ"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","nominative singular feminine noun","dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.63","id":"b5-l63","source":"ὕλη δὲ σπέος ἀμφὶ πεφύκει τηλεθόωσα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.257","id":"b5-l257","source":"κύματος εἶλαρ ἔμεν· πολλὴν δʼ ἐπεχεύατο ὕλην."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.398","id":"b5-l398","source":"ὣς Ὀδυσεῖ ἀσπαστὸν ἐείσατο γαῖα καὶ ὕλη,"}]},{"lemma":"ὕμνος","count":1,"glosses":["strain, hymn"],"forms":["ὕμνον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.429","id":"b8-l429","source":"δαιτί τε τέρπηται καὶ ἀοιδῆς ὕμνον ἀκούων."}]},{"lemma":"ὕπαρ","count":2,"glosses":["waking vision","waking truth"],"forms":["ὕπαρ"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun","irregular"],"note":"ὕπαρ 'waking reality,' opposed to ὄναρ 'dream' — a fixed epic antithesis pair for real vs. illusory vision.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.547","id":"b19-l547","source":"οὐκ ὄναρ, ἀλλʼ ὕπαρ ἐσθλόν, ὅ τοι τετελεσμένον ἔσται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.90","id":"b20-l90","source":"χαῖρʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐφάμην ὄναρ ἔμμεναι, ἀλλʼ ὕπαρ ἤδη."}]},{"lemma":"ὕπατος","count":4,"glosses":["highest"],"forms":["ὕπατε","ὕπατος"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ὕπατε κρειόντων 'highest of rulers' - formal vocative epithet emphasizing Zeus's supremacy","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.45","id":"b1-l45","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.81","id":"b1-l81","source":"ὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη, ὕπατε κρειόντων,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.303","id":"b19-l303","source":"ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα, θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος,"}]},{"lemma":"ὕπερθεν","count":9,"glosses":["above","on top","up behind","from above"],"forms":["ὕπερθεν","ὕπερθε"],"morphology":["adverb","preposition"],"note":"ὕπερθεν 'from above' — the pathos of seeing them lifted overhead as Scylla snatches them","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.184","id":"b5-l184","source":"ἴστω νῦν τόδε γαῖα καὶ οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.135","id":"b8-l135","source":"μηρούς τε κνήμας τε καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρας ὕπερθεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.248","id":"b12-l248","source":"ἤδη τῶν ἐνόησα πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν"}]},{"lemma":"ὕπνος","count":58,"glosses":["sleep","of sleep","by sleep","with sleep","slumber"],"forms":["ὕπνος","ὕπνον","ὕπνου","ὕπνῳ"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"γλυκὺς ὕπνος 'sweet sleep' is a Homeric formula, personified as an agent that overtakes a man.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.363","id":"b1-l363","source":"κλαῖεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα φίλον πόσιν, ὄφρα οἱ ὕπνον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.395","id":"b2-l395","source":"ἔνθα μνηστήρεσσιν ἐπὶ γλυκὺν ὕπνον ἔχευε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.398","id":"b2-l398","source":"ἥατʼ, ἐπεί σφισιν ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἔπιπτεν."}]},{"lemma":"ὕπτιος","count":2,"glosses":["flat on back","backward, on his back"],"forms":["ὕπτιος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.371","id":"b9-l371","source":"ἦ καὶ ἀνακλινθεὶς πέσεν ὕπτιος, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.398","id":"b18-l398","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ οἰμώξας πέσεν ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι."}]},{"lemma":"ὕστερον","count":1,"glosses":["afterward"],"forms":["ὕστερον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.126","id":"b12-l126","source":"ἥ μιν ἔπειτʼ ἀποπαύσει ἐς ὕστερον ὁρμηθῆναι."}]},{"lemma":"ὕστερος","count":14,"glosses":["last","later","for the last time"],"forms":["ὕστατα","ὕστερον","ὕστατος","ὕστατον","ὕστερα","ὕστερος"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ὕστατον, used adverbially with πύματον for emphatic 'last of all.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.685","id":"b4-l685","source":"ὕστατα καὶ πύματα νῦν ἐνθάδε δειπνήσειαν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.202","id":"b8-l202","source":"τοῦτον νῦν ἀφίκεσθε, νέοι. τάχα δʼ ὕστερον\n                     ἄλλον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.351","id":"b9-l351","source":"σχέτλιε, πῶς κέν τίς σε καὶ ὕστερον ἄλλος ἵκοιτο"}]},{"lemma":"ὕφασμα","count":1,"glosses":["woven cloths"],"forms":["ὑφάσματά"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.274","id":"b3-l274","source":"πολλὰ δʼ ἀγάλματʼ ἀνῆψεν, ὑφάσματά τε χρυσόν τε,"}]},{"lemma":"ὕψι","count":1,"glosses":["high"],"forms":["ὕψι"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.264","id":"b16-l264","source":"ὕψι περ ἐν νεφέεσσι καθημένω· ὥ τε καὶ ἄλλοις"}]},{"lemma":"ὕω","count":2,"glosses":["rained upon","rained"],"forms":["ὑόμενος","ὗε"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.131","id":"b6-l131","source":"ὅς τʼ εἶσʼ ὑόμενος καὶ ἀήμενος, ἐν δέ οἱ ὄσσε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.457","id":"b14-l457","source":"νὺξ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπῆλθε κακὴ σκοτομήνιος, ὗε δʼ ἄρα\n                  Ζεὺς"}]},{"lemma":"ὗς","count":56,"glosses":["swine","boar","pigs","of pigs","for the swine","a boar","boars","of swine","boar's","the pigs","sows","among swine","a hog","hogs","of the hogs","of the swine","of the boars","from his swine","pig","hogs, swine","of a pig","the swine","of sows"],"forms":["σῦς","συῶν","σύες","σύας","ὑῶν","ὕας","ὑός","ὕεσσιν","σύεσσι","ὕεσσι","σῦν","συσίν","σύεσσιν","ὗν","ὕες","συὸς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun","genitive plural feminine noun","dative plural masculine noun","nominative plural feminine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","dative plural feminine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","accusative plural feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun"],"note":"Predicate accusative after ἔθηκας: 'made [them] swine' — double accusative construction.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.457","id":"b4-l457","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα δράκων καὶ πάρδαλις ἠδὲ μέγας σῦς·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.60","id":"b8-l60","source":"ὀκτὼ δʼ ἀργιόδοντας ὕας, δύο δʼ εἰλίποδας βοῦς·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.476","id":"b8-l476","source":"ἀργιόδοντος ὑός, θαλερὴ δʼ ἦν ἀμφὶς ἀλοιφή·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑακίνθινος","count":2,"glosses":["hyacinth-like"],"forms":["ὑακινθίνῳ"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.231","id":"b6-l231","source":"οὔλας ἧκε κόμας, ὑακινθίνῳ ἄνθει ὁμοίας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.158","id":"b23-l158","source":"οὔλας ἧκε κόμας, ὑακινθίνῳ ἄνθει ὁμοίας."}]},{"lemma":"ὑβρίζω","count":7,"glosses":["acting insolently","in insolence","being insolent","you are insolent","insulting"],"forms":["ὑβρίζοντες","ὑβρίζων","ὑβρίξεις"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative plural masculine","present active participle, nominative singular masculine","future active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"ὑβρίζοντες names the suitors' hubris directly - the noun-root of ὕβρις, a key ethical concept in the poem.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.227","id":"b1-l227","source":"ὥς τέ μοι ὑβρίζοντες ὑπερφιάλως δοκέουσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.207","id":"b3-l207","source":"οἵ τέ μοι ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανόωνται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.245","id":"b17-l245","source":"τὰς νῦν ὑβρίζων φορέεις, ἀλαλήμενος αἰεὶ"}]},{"lemma":"ὑβριστής","count":4,"glosses":["violent","violent men","insolent men"],"forms":["ὑβρισταί","ὑβρισταὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"ὑβριστής, 'men of hybris' — moral vocabulary key to the Cyclops episode's theme of lawlessness.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.120","id":"b6-l120","source":"ἦ ῥʼ οἵ γʼ ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δίκαιοι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.175","id":"b9-l175","source":"ἤ ῥʼ οἵ γʼ ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δίκαιοι,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.201","id":"b13-l201","source":"ἦ ῥʼ οἵ γʼ ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δίκαιοι,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑγρός","count":14,"glosses":["watery","the sea","flowing/running","watery waste","the wet (sea)","wet, moist","smooth","liquid","moist","wet/moist","wet sea"],"forms":["ὑγρὸν","ὑγρὰ","ὑγρὴν","ὑγρήν"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":"Substantivized adjective: 'the wet [element],' i.e. the sea.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.97","id":"b1-l97","source":"ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, τά μιν φέρον ἠμὲν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.71","id":"b3-l71","source":"ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; πόθεν πλεῖθʼ ὑγρὰ κέλευθα;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.458","id":"b4-l458","source":"γίγνετο δʼ ὑγρὸν ὕδωρ καὶ δένδρεον ὑψιπέτηλον·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑδατοτρεφής","count":1,"glosses":["water-loving"],"forms":["ὑδατοτρεφέων"],"morphology":["genitive plural feminine adjective"],"note":"ὑδατοτρεφής, compound epithet: 'nourished by water', fitting poplars by a spring.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.208","id":"b17-l208","source":"ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αἰγείρων ὑδατοτρεφέων ἦν ἄλσος,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑδραίνω","count":4,"glosses":["having bathed"],"forms":["ὑδρηναμένη"],"morphology":["aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"aorist middle participle: she washed herself (middle voice = action on oneself)","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.750","id":"b4-l750","source":"ἀλλʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.759","id":"b4-l759","source":"ἡ δʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.48","id":"b17-l48","source":"ἀλλʼ ὑδρηναμένη, καθαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαθʼ ἑλοῦσα,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑδρεύω","count":3,"glosses":["drew water","drawing water"],"forms":["ὑδρεύοντο","ὑδρευούσῃ"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active participle, dative singular feminine"],"note":"ὑδρεύοντο, imperfect middle — the townspeople habitually fetched water here, a durative past custom.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.131","id":"b7-l131","source":"πρὸς δόμον ὑψηλόν, ὅθεν ὑδρεύοντο πολῖται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.105","id":"b10-l105","source":"κούρῃ δὲ ξύμβληντο πρὸ ἄστεος ὑδρευούσῃ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.206","id":"b17-l206","source":"τυκτὴν καλλίροον, ὅθεν ὑδρεύοντο πολῖται,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑδρηλός","count":1,"glosses":["well-watered"],"forms":["ὑδρηλοὶ"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.133","id":"b9-l133","source":"ὑδρηλοὶ μαλακοί· μάλα κʼ ἄφθιτοι ἄμπελοι εἶεν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑλάω","count":4,"glosses":["barked","are barking","barks"],"forms":["ὕλαον","ὑλάουσιν","ὑλάοντο","ὑλάει"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.5","id":"b16-l5","source":"οὐδʼ ὕλαον προσιόντα. νόησε δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.9","id":"b16-l9","source":"ἢ καὶ γνώριμος ἄλλος, ἐπεὶ κύνες οὐχ ὑλάουσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.162","id":"b16-l162","source":"ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεύς τε κύνες τε ἴδον, καί ῥʼ οὐχ ὑλάοντο"}]},{"lemma":"Ὑλακίδης","count":1,"glosses":["son of Hylax"],"forms":["Ὑλακίδης"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.204","id":"b14-l204","source":"Κάστωρ Ὑλακίδης, τοῦ ἐγὼ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι"}]},{"lemma":"ὑλακόμωρος","count":2,"glosses":["baying","loud-baying"],"forms":["ὑλακόμωροι"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective"],"note":"compound ὑλακόμωρος, a formulaic epithet for baying dogs; the whole line recurs verbatim at Odyssey 16.4, so it is not a one-off coinage","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.29","id":"b14-l29","source":"ἐξαπίνης δʼ Ὀδυσῆα ἴδον κύνες ὑλακόμωροι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.4","id":"b16-l4","source":"Τηλέμαχον δὲ περίσσαινον κύνες ὑλακόμωροι,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑλακτέω","count":2,"glosses":["was growling","growled"],"forms":["ὑλάκτει"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ὑλάκτει, literally 'barked' (of a dog) — vivid metaphor for his heart's agitation, prepares the simile below.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.13","id":"b20-l13","source":"ὕστατα καὶ πύματα, κραδίη δέ οἱ ἔνδον ὑλάκτει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.16","id":"b20-l16","source":"ὥς ῥα τοῦ ἔνδον ὑλάκτει ἀγαιομένου κακὰ ἔργα·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑλήεις","count":9,"glosses":["wooded","forested"],"forms":["ὑλήεντι","ὑλήεσσα","ὑλήεσσ","ὑλήεσσαν","ὑλήεντα"],"morphology":["dative singular neuter adjective","dative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","dative singular feminine adjective"],"note":"ὑλήεις 'wooded, forested' is built on ὕλη 'wood, forest' with the common Homeric -εις adjective suffix denoting 'full of.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.186","id":"b1-l186","source":"ἐν λιμένι Ῥείθρῳ ὑπὸ Νηίῳ ὑλήεντι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.246","id":"b1-l246","source":"Δουλιχίῳ τε Σάμῃ τε καὶ ὑλήεντι Ζακύνθῳ,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.24","id":"b9-l24","source":"Δουλίχιόν τε Σάμη τε καὶ ὑλήεσσα Ζάκυνθος."}]},{"lemma":"ὑμέτερος","count":14,"glosses":["your","of your"],"forms":["ὑμετέρῃ","ὑμέτερος","ὑμετέρων","ὑμετέροισι","ὑμετέρης","ὑμετέροισιν","ὑμετέρου","ὑμέτερον","ὑμετέρους"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","genitive singular neuter adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.138","id":"b2-l138","source":"ὑμέτερος δʼ εἰ μὲν θυμὸς νεμεσίζεται αὐτῶν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.688","id":"b4-l688","source":"ὑμετέρων τὸ πρόσθεν ἀκούετε, παῖδες ἐόντες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.689","id":"b4-l689","source":"οἷος Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔσκε μεθʼ ὑμετέροισι τοκεῦσιν,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑμός","count":4,"glosses":["your own","your"],"forms":["ὑμὰ","ὑμῆς","ὑμέων"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.375","id":"b1-l375","source":"ὑμὰ κτήματʼ ἔδοντες, ἀμειβόμενοι κατὰ οἴκους."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.140","id":"b2-l140","source":"ὑμὰ κτήματʼ ἔδοντες ἀμειβόμενοι κατὰ οἴκους."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.284","id":"b9-l284","source":"πρὸς πέτρῃσι βαλὼν ὑμῆς ἐπὶ πείρασι γαίης,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπάγω","count":1,"glosses":["led up"],"forms":["ὕπαγον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.73","id":"b6-l73","source":"ὥπλεον, ἡμιόνους θʼ ὕπαγον ζεῦξάν θʼ ὑπʼ ἀπήνῃ·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπάλυξις","count":1,"glosses":["escape"],"forms":["ὑπάλυξιν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.287","id":"b23-l287","source":"ἐλπωρή τοι ἔπειτα κακῶν ὑπάλυξιν ἔσεσθαι."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπάρχω","count":1,"glosses":["begins it"],"forms":["ὑπάρξῃ"],"morphology":["aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Aorist subjunctive in general relative clause ('whoever begins it') — indefinite, gnomic sense.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.286","id":"b24-l286","source":"καὶ ξενίῃ ἀγαθῇ ἡ γὰρ θέμις, ὅς τις ὑπάρξῃ."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπακούω","count":3,"glosses":["to answer","answers","gave ear"],"forms":["ὑπακοῦσαι","ὑπακούει","ὑπάκουσε"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.283","id":"b4-l283","source":"ἢ ἐξελθέμεναι, ἢ ἔνδοθεν αἶψʼ ὑπακοῦσαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.83","id":"b10-l83","source":"ἠπύει εἰσελάων, ὁ δέ τʼ ἐξελάων ὑπακούει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.485","id":"b14-l485","source":"ἀγκῶνι νύξας· ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐμμαπέως ὑπάκουσε·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπαλεύομαι","count":1,"glosses":["escaping"],"forms":["ὑπαλευάμενος"],"morphology":["aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.275","id":"b15-l275","source":"τῶν ὑπαλευάμενος θάνατον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπαλύσκω","count":4,"glosses":["escaped","got away","dodging"],"forms":["ὑπάλυξεν","ὑπάλυξε","ὑπαλύξας"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.512","id":"b4-l512","source":"σὸς δέ που ἔκφυγε κῆρας ἀδελφεὸς ἠδʼ\n                     ὑπάλυξεν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.430","id":"b5-l430","source":"καὶ τὸ μὲν ὣς ὑπάλυξε, παλιρρόθιον δέ μιν αὖτις"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.355","id":"b8-l355","source":"Ἥφαιστʼ, εἴ περ γάρ κεν Ἄρης χρεῖος ὑπαλύξας"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπέκ","count":5,"glosses":["out from","away from","out from, away","up out of"],"forms":["ὑπὲκ","ὑπὲξ"],"morphology":["preposition"],"note":"ὑπέκ, 'up from beneath/out of' — compound preposition vividly showing shades rising from the underworld","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.175","id":"b3-l175","source":"τέμνειν, ὄφρα τάχιστα ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.489","id":"b9-l489","source":"ἐμβαλέειν κώπῃς, ἵνʼ ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.129","id":"b10-l129","source":"ἐμβαλέειν κώπῃς, ἵνʼ ὑπὲκ κακότητα φύγοιμεν·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπένερθε","count":3,"glosses":["below","beneath"],"forms":["ὑπένερθε"],"morphology":["adverb","preposition"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.172","id":"b3-l172","source":"ἦ ὑπένερθε Χίοιο, παρʼ ἠνεμόεντα Μίμαντα."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.353","id":"b10-l353","source":"πορφύρεα καθύπερθʼ, ὑπένερθε δὲ λῖθʼ ὑπέβαλλεν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.242","id":"b12-l242","source":"δεινὸν ἐβεβρύχει, ὑπένερθε δὲ γαῖα φάνεσκε"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπέρ","count":30,"glosses":["over","above","beyond","across","above, over","over, above","by"],"forms":["ὑπὲρ","ὕπερ","ὑπεὶρ"],"morphology":["preposition"],"note":"Postpositive preposition following its genitive noun (anastrophe), common in epic word order.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.34","id":"b1-l34","source":"σφῇσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὑπὲρ μόρον ἄλγεʼ ἔχουσιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.35","id":"b1-l35","source":"ὡς καὶ νῦν Αἴγισθος ὑπὲρ μόρον Ἀτρεΐδαο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.137","id":"b1-l137","source":"καλῇ χρυσείῃ, ὑπὲρ ἀργυρέοιο λέβητος,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπέρα","count":1,"glosses":["braces"],"forms":["ὑπέρας"],"morphology":["accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":"ὑπέρας: rigging term, ropes controlling the yard-arm","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.260","id":"b5-l260","source":"ἐν δʼ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τʼ ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπέρβιος","count":8,"glosses":["overbearing","recklessly","insolently","overweening"],"forms":["ὑπέρβιον","ὑπέρβιος"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.368","id":"b1-l368","source":"μητρὸς ἐμῆς μνηστῆρες ὑπέρβιον ὕβριν\n                     ἔχοντες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.321","id":"b4-l321","source":"μητρὸς ἐμῆς μνηστῆρες ὑπέρβιον ὕβριν ἔχοντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.379","id":"b12-l379","source":"οἵ μευ βοῦς ἔκτειναν ὑπέρβιον, ᾗσιν ἐγώ γε"}]},{"lemma":"Ὑπέρεια","count":1,"glosses":["Hypereia"],"forms":["Ὑπερείῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":"legendary earlier homeland of the Phaeacians, before their move to Scheria","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.4","id":"b6-l4","source":"οἳ πρὶν μέν ποτʼ ἔναιον ἐν εὐρυχόρῳ Ὑπερείῃ,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπέρθυμος","count":8,"glosses":["high-spirited","overweening","proud-hearted","proud, high-spirited","proud"],"forms":["ὑπέρθυμοι","ὑπέρθυμος","ὑπερθύμοισι","ὑπερθύμοιο","ὑπέρθυμον"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"dative plural agreeing with Γιγάντεσσιν, the group ruled over","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.448","id":"b3-l448","source":"αὐτίκα Νέστορος υἱὸς ὑπέρθυμος Θρασυμήδης"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.784","id":"b4-l784","source":"τεύχεα δέ σφʼ ἤνεικαν ὑπέρθυμοι θεράποντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.59","id":"b7-l59","source":"ὅς ποθʼ ὑπερθύμοισι Γιγάντεσσιν βασίλευεν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπέρτερος","count":3,"glosses":["outer","outer, upper"],"forms":["ὑπέρτερα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.65","id":"b3-l65","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤπτησαν κρέʼ ὑπέρτερα καὶ ἐρύσαντο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.470","id":"b3-l470","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤπτησαν κρέʼ ὑπέρτερα καὶ ἐρύσαντο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.279","id":"b20-l279","source":"οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤπτησαν κρέʼ ὑπέρτερα καὶ ἐρύσαντο,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπέρχομαι","count":3,"glosses":["crept under","went down","comes beneath"],"forms":["ὑπήλυθε","ὑπήλθετε","ὑπέλθῃ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"aorist subjunctive with κε/ἐπεί for a future-more-vivid temporal clause","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.476","id":"b5-l476","source":"ἐν περιφαινομένῳ· δοιοὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπήλυθε θάμνους,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.21","id":"b12-l21","source":"σχέτλιοι, οἳ ζώοντες ὑπήλθετε δῶμʼ Ἀίδαο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.150","id":"b18-l150","source":"μνηστῆρας καὶ κεῖνον, ἐπεί κε μέλαθρον ὑπέλθῃ."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπέχω","count":2,"glosses":["undertook","promised"],"forms":["ὑπέσχετο"],"morphology":["aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ὑπέχω here in aorist middle sense 'undertook/promised' rather than literal 'held under'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.291","id":"b11-l291","source":"ἀργαλέας· τὰς δʼ οἶος ὑπέσχετο μάντις ἀμύμων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.335","id":"b24-l335","source":"δῶρα, τὰ δεῦρο μολών μοι ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσεν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπείκω","count":2,"glosses":["yield","made to yield"],"forms":["ὑπείξεαι","ὑπόειξεν"],"morphology":["future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ὑπείκω + dative 'give way to' — future tense as a pointed rhetorical question.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.117","id":"b12-l117","source":"καὶ πόνος· οὐδὲ θεοῖσιν ὑπείξεαι ἀθανάτοισιν;"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.42","id":"b16-l42","source":"τῷ δʼ ἕδρης ἐπιόντι πατὴρ ὑπόειξεν Ὀδυσσεύς·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπείρ","count":1,"glosses":["over"],"forms":["ὑπεὶρ"],"morphology":["preposition"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.73","id":"b3-l73","source":"οἷά τε ληιστῆρες ὑπεὶρ ἅλα, τοί τʼ ἀλόωνται"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπεκπροθέω","count":1,"glosses":["outrunning"],"forms":["ὑπεκπροθέων"],"morphology":["present active participle, nominative singular masculine"],"note":"ὑπεκπροθέων, a triple-compound participle (\"running out ahead from under\") typical of Homeric verbal richness.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.125","id":"b8-l125","source":"τόσσον ὑπεκπροθέων λαοὺς ἵκεθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἐλίποντο."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπεκπρολύω","count":1,"glosses":["unhitched"],"forms":["ὑπεκπροέλυσαν"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"ὑπεκπρολύω, 'loose out from under' — another compound built like l87's verb, epic love of layered prefixes.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.88","id":"b6-l88","source":"ἔνθʼ αἵ γʼ ἡμιόνους μὲν ὑπεκπροέλυσαν ἀπήνης."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπεκπρορέω","count":1,"glosses":["gushed up"],"forms":["ὑπεκπρόρεεν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ὑπεκπρορέω, 'flow out from under' — a vivid compound verb for water welling up beneath.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.87","id":"b6-l87","source":"καλὸν ὑπεκπρόρεεν μάλα περ ῥυπόωντα καθῆραι,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπεκπροφεύγω","count":2,"glosses":["escape"],"forms":["ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι"],"morphology":["aorist active optative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"ὑπεκπροφεύγω stacks three prefixes (ὑπ-εκ-προ-) for 'slip out from under and past' — vivid escape verb.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.113","id":"b12-l113","source":"εἴ πως τὴν ὀλοὴν μὲν ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι Χάρυβδιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.43","id":"b20-l43","source":"πῆ κεν ὑπεκπροφύγοιμι; τά σε φράζεσθαι ἄνωγα."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπεκφέρω","count":1,"glosses":["carried them along"],"forms":["ὑπέκφερον"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"ὑπεκφέρω 'carry swiftly out/along' — compound stresses the horses whisking the chariot away.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.496","id":"b3-l496","source":"ἦνον ὁδόν· τοῖον γὰρ ὑπέκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπεκφεύγω","count":8,"glosses":["escaped","escape","to escape"],"forms":["ὑπεκφύγοι","ὑπέκφυγον","ὑπεξέφυγον","ὑπεκφυγέειν","ὑπέκφυγε"],"morphology":["aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active infinitive","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"optative ὑπεκφύγοι with κέν forms a potential/rhetorical question — 'how could one possibly escape...'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.286","id":"b9-l286","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σὺν τοῖσδε ὑπέκφυγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.383","id":"b11-l383","source":"οἳ Τρώων μὲν ὑπεξέφυγον στονόεσσαν ἀυτήν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.216","id":"b12-l216","source":"δώῃ τόνδε γʼ ὄλεθρον ὑπεκφυγέειν καὶ ἀλύξαι·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπεξάγω","count":1,"glosses":["lead safely"],"forms":["ὑπεξαγάγοι"],"morphology":["aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"optative of wish ὑπεξαγάγοι, 'may [a god] lead you safely'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.147","id":"b18-l147","source":"οἴκαδʼ ὑπεξαγάγοι, μηδʼ ἀντιάσειας ἐκείνῳ,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερβάλλω","count":1,"glosses":["to heave over"],"forms":["ὑπερβαλέειν"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.597","id":"b11-l597","source":"ἄκρον ὑπερβαλέειν, τότʼ ἀποστρέψασκε κραταιίς·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερβαίνω","count":4,"glosses":["crossed"],"forms":["ὑπέρβη"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.80","id":"b8-l80","source":"Πυθοῖ ἐν ἠγαθέῃ, ὅθʼ ὑπέρβη λάινον οὐδὸν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.41","id":"b16-l41","source":"αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ εἴσω ἴεν καὶ ὑπέρβη λάϊνον οὐδόν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.30","id":"b17-l30","source":"αὐτὸς δʼ εἴσω ἴεν καὶ ὑπέρβη λάϊνον οὐδόν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερβασία","count":4,"glosses":["transgression","for insolence","outrages, transgressions"],"forms":["ὑπερβασίην","ὑπερβασίης","ὑπερβασίας"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun","genitive singular feminine noun","accusative plural feminine noun"],"note":"ὑπερβασίη 'overstepping', the epic's key word for the suitors' crime against guest-law","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.206","id":"b3-l206","source":"τίσασθαι μνηστῆρας ὑπερβασίης ἀλεγεινῆς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.193","id":"b13-l193","source":"πρὶν πᾶσαν μνηστῆρας ὑπερβασίην ἀποτῖσαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.64","id":"b22-l64","source":"πρὶν πᾶσαν μνηστῆρας ὑπερβασίην ἀποτῖσαι."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερέχω","count":2,"glosses":["rose up","holds over"],"forms":["ὑπερέσχε","ὑπέρσχῃ"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ὑπερέχω χεῖρα, literally 'hold a hand over,' the Homeric idiom for divine protection.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.93","id":"b13-l93","source":"εὖτʼ ἀστὴρ ὑπερέσχε φαάντατος, ὅς τε μάλιστα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.184","id":"b14-l184","source":"ἦ κε φύγῃ καί κέν οἱ ὑπέρσχῃ χεῖρα Κρονίων."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερηνορέων","count":12,"glosses":["overbearing","arrogant","acting arrogant","overweening","overbearing, arrogant"],"forms":["ὑπερηνορεόντων","ὑπερηνορέοντες","ὑπερηνορέοντας"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine adjective","genitive plural masculine noun","nominative plural masculine adjective","accusative plural masculine noun"],"note":"ὑπερηνορέων, 'overbearing'—a rare compound built on ἀνήρ, capturing the suitors' insolence.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.266","id":"b2-l266","source":"μνηστῆρες δὲ μάλιστα κακῶς ὑπερηνορέοντες."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.324","id":"b2-l324","source":"ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.331","id":"b2-l331","source":"ἄλλος δʼ αὖτʼ εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων·"}]},{"lemma":"Ὑπερησίη","count":1,"glosses":["to Hyperesia"],"forms":["Ὑπερησίηνδ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"-δε suffix marks motion toward a place, 'to X', fused onto the place name","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.254","id":"b15-l254","source":"ὅς ῥʼ Ὑπερησίηνδʼ ἀπενάσσατο πατρὶ χολωθείς,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερθύριον","count":1,"glosses":["lintel"],"forms":["ὑπερθύριον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.90","id":"b7-l90","source":"ἀργύρεον δʼ ἐφʼ ὑπερθύριον, χρυσέη δὲ κορώνη."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερίημι","count":1,"glosses":["will surpass"],"forms":["ὑπερήσει"],"morphology":["future active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ὑπερίημι lit. 'throw beyond' — vivid compound for 'outdo' in a throwing contest","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.198","id":"b8-l198","source":"οὔ τις Φαιήκων τόδε γʼ ἵξεται, οὐδʼ ὑπερήσει."}]},{"lemma":"Ὑπερίων","count":6,"glosses":["Hyperion","of Hyperion","Hyperion (the sun)"],"forms":["Ὑπερίονος","Ὑπερίονι"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","genitive singular masculine proper noun"],"note":"Ὑπερίων, patronymic/epithet of Helios the Sun, 'the one who goes above.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.8","id":"b1-l8","source":"νήπιοι, οἳ κατὰ βοῦς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.24","id":"b1-l24","source":"οἱ μὲν δυσομένου Ὑπερίονος οἱ δʼ ἀνιόντος,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.133","id":"b12-l133","source":"ἃς τέκεν Ἠελίῳ Ὑπερίονι δῖα Νέαιρα."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερικταίνομαι","count":1,"glosses":["stumbled in haste"],"forms":["ὑπερικταίνοντο"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.3","id":"b23-l3","source":"γούνατα δʼ ἐρρώσαντο, πόδες δʼ ὑπερικταίνοντο."}]},{"lemma":"Ὑπεριονίδης","count":1,"glosses":["son of Hyperion"],"forms":["Ὑπεριονίδαο"],"morphology":["genitive singular masculine noun"],"note":"Ὑπεριονίδαο is a patronymic epithet for Helios, 'son of Hyperion'—typical epic genealogical tag.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.176","id":"b12-l176","source":"Ἠελίου τʼ αὐγὴ Ὑπεριονίδαο ἄνακτος·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερμενέων","count":1,"glosses":["overbearing"],"forms":["ὑπερμενέοντες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"ὑπερμενέων ('over-mighty') casts the suitors as arrogantly excessive even in their drinking.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.62","id":"b19-l62","source":"καὶ δέπα, ἔνθεν ἄρʼ ἄνδρες ὑπερμενέοντες ἔπινον·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερμενής","count":2,"glosses":["mighty"],"forms":["ὑπερμενέων"],"morphology":["genitive plural masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.205","id":"b13-l205","source":"αὐτοῦ· ἐγὼ δέ κεν ἄλλον ὑπερμενέων βασιλήων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.222","id":"b20-l222","source":"καί κεν δὴ πάλαι ἄλλον ὑπερμενέων βασιλήων"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπεροπλίζομαι","count":1,"glosses":["could storm"],"forms":["ὑπεροπλίσσαιτο"],"morphology":["aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Optative + ἄν = potential ('no man could ever storm it') — a general, timeless statement of the house's strength.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.268","id":"b17-l268","source":"δικλίδες· οὐκ ἄν τίς μιν ἀνὴρ ὑπεροπλίσσαιτο."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερπέτομαι","count":2,"glosses":["flew over"],"forms":["ὑπέρπτατο"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.192","id":"b8-l192","source":"λᾶος ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς· ὁ δʼ ὑπέρπτατο σήματα πάντων"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.280","id":"b22-l280","source":"ὦμον ἐπέγραψεν· τὸ δʼ ὑπέρπτατο, πῖπτε δʼ ἔραζε."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερτερία","count":1,"glosses":["upper rack"],"forms":["ὑπερτερίῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.70","id":"b6-l70","source":"ὑψηλὴν ἐύκυκλον, ὑπερτερίῃ ἀραρυῖαν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερφίαλος","count":26,"glosses":["overbearing","arrogant","overweening","exceedingly","arrogant men","outrageously","brazenly","insolent","overweening, arrogant","arrogantly","exceedingly, insolently","overbearing, proud"],"forms":["ὑπερφιάλοισι","ὑπερφιάλως","ὑπερφιάλους","ὑπερφιάλοισιν","ὑπερφίαλοι","ὑπερφίαλον","ὑπερφιάλων"],"morphology":["dative plural masculine adjective","adverb","accusative plural masculine adjective","nominative plural masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective"],"note":"ὑπερφίαλοι, 'overweening, arrogant' — a strong pejorative Homer uses elsewhere for the Suitors.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.134","id":"b1-l134","source":"δείπνῳ ἁδήσειεν, ὑπερφιάλοισι μετελθών,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.227","id":"b1-l227","source":"ὥς τέ μοι ὑβρίζοντες ὑπερφιάλως δοκέουσι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.310","id":"b2-l310","source":"Ἀντίνοʼ, οὔ πως ἔστιν ὑπερφιάλοισι μεθʼ ὑμῖν"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερῷον","count":19,"glosses":["upper room","upper chamber","upper rooms","in the upper room","going up"],"forms":["ὑπερῷ","ὑπερώϊα","ὑπερώϊον","ὑπερωίῳ","ὑπερωΐῳ"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun","dative singular neuter noun","accusative singular neuter noun"],"note":"ὑπερῷον, the women's private upstairs quarters — Penelope's usual retreat in the poem.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.362","id":"b1-l362","source":"ἐς δʼ ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβᾶσα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.358","id":"b2-l358","source":"μήτηρ εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβῇ κοίτου τε μέδηται."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.751","id":"b4-l751","source":"εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβᾶσα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξὶν"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπερωιόθεν","count":1,"glosses":["from upstairs, from her chamber"],"forms":["ὑπερωιόθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.328","id":"b1-l328","source":"τοῦ δʼ ὑπερωιόθεν φρεσὶ σύνθετο θέσπιν ἀοιδὴν"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπηνήτης","count":1,"glosses":["bearded, downy-cheeked"],"forms":["ὑπηνήτῃ"],"morphology":["dative singular masculine noun"],"note":"ὑπηνήτης, 'one with the first down of beard' — marks the disguised god's youthful age precisely","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.279","id":"b10-l279","source":"πρῶτον ὑπηνήτῃ, τοῦ περ χαριεστάτη ἥβη·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπηοῖος","count":2,"glosses":["at dawn","of morning"],"forms":["ὑπηοῖον","ὑπηοίη"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.656","id":"b4-l656","source":"χθιζὸν ὑπηοῖον, τότε δʼ ἔμβη νηὶ Πύλονδε."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.25","id":"b17-l25","source":"στίβη ὑπηοίη· ἕκαθεν δέ τε ἄστυ φάτʼ εἶναι."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπίσχομαι","count":1,"glosses":["offering"],"forms":["ὑπισχόμεναι"],"morphology":["present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.463","id":"b15-l463","source":"ὦνον ὑπισχόμεναι· ὁ δὲ τῇ κατένευσε σιωπῇ."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπισχνέομαι","count":7,"glosses":["makes promises","promised","I promise","you promised","having promised","promising"],"forms":["ὑπίσχεται","ὑποσχόμενος","ὑπέσχετο","ὑπίσχομαι","ὑπέσχεο"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.91","id":"b2-l91","source":"πάντας μέν ῥʼ ἔλπει καὶ ὑπίσχεται ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.6","id":"b4-l6","source":"ἐν Τροίῃ γὰρ πρῶτον ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.347","id":"b8-l347","source":"λῦσον· ἐγὼ δέ τοι αὐτὸν ὑπίσχομαι, ὡς σὺ\n                     κελεύεις,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπνάω","count":2,"glosses":["sleeping"],"forms":["ὑπνώοντας"],"morphology":["present active participle, accusative plural masculine"],"note":"ὑπνώοντας: contracted epic form of ὑπνάω 'sleeping'; the wand both lulls and wakes.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.48","id":"b5-l48","source":"ὧν ἐθέλει, τοὺς δʼ αὖτε καὶ ὑπνώοντας ἐγείρει."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.4","id":"b24-l4","source":"ὧν ἐθέλει, τοὺς δʼ αὖτε καὶ ὑπνώοντας ἐγείρει·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπό","count":143,"glosses":["under","beneath","by","from under","from beneath","up","below","under, beneath","stirred","to","in","in, under","in return","by/at","under/from","by (agent)","by, to","sheltered from","[intensifying]","by, under","(intensifying)","under, on","beneath (his touch)","with","under, below","under, from","from","upon"],"forms":["ὑπὸ","ὑπ","ὕπο","ὑφ","ὑπό"],"morphology":["preposition"],"note":"ὕπο with anastrophe (accent shifted back) as it follows its object ὕπνῳ instead of preceding it.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.96","id":"b1-l96","source":"ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.130","id":"b1-l130","source":"αὐτὴν δʼ ἐς θρόνον εἷσεν ἄγων, ὑπὸ λῖτα πετάσσας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.131","id":"b1-l131","source":"καλὸν δαιδάλεον· ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπόβρυχα","count":1,"glosses":["under the surface"],"forms":["ὑπόβρυχα"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"ὑπόβρυχα, vivid adverb 'submerged'; used adverbially with θῆκε 'held him under.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.319","id":"b5-l319","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόβρυχα θῆκε πολὺν χρόνον, οὐδʼ ἐδυνάσθη"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπόδημα","count":2,"glosses":["sandals"],"forms":["ὑποδήματα"],"morphology":["accusative plural neuter noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.369","id":"b15-l369","source":"καλὰ μάλʼ ἀμφιέσασα, ποσὶν δʼ ὑποδήματα δοῦσα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.361","id":"b18-l361","source":"εἵματα δʼ ἀμφιέσαιμι ποσίν θʼ ὑποδήματα δοίην."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπόδρα","count":9,"glosses":["with a scowl","with a dark look","with dark look","from under his brows"],"forms":["ὑπόδρα"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":"ὑπόδρα ἰδών, 'looking darkly/askance,' a Homeric formula introducing an angry retort.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.165","id":"b8-l165","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.459","id":"b17-l459","source":"καί μιν ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.14","id":"b18-l14","source":"τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις\n                  Ὀδυσσεύς·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπόκυκλος","count":1,"glosses":["on wheels"],"forms":["ὑπόκυκλον"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ὑπόκυκλος, 'running on wheels' — a rare concrete household detail","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.131","id":"b4-l131","source":"χρυσέην τʼ ἠλακάτην τάλαρόν θʼ ὑπόκυκλον ὄπασσεν"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπόρνυμι","count":1,"glosses":["stirred up"],"forms":["ὑπώρορε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ὑπόρνυμι, aorist ὑπώρορε, 'roused (grief) from beneath' — vivid compound for the Muse's power over emotion","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.62","id":"b24-l62","source":"Ἀργείων· τοῖον γὰρ ὑπώρορε Μοῦσα λίγεια."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπόσχεσις","count":1,"glosses":["the promise"],"forms":["ὑπόσχεσιν"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.483","id":"b10-l483","source":"ὢ Κίρκη, τέλεσόν μοι ὑπόσχεσιν ἥν περ\n                        ὑπέστης,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπότροπος","count":3,"glosses":["returning"],"forms":["ὑπότροπον","ὑπότροπος"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.332","id":"b20-l332","source":"εἰ νόστησʼ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ ὑπότροπος ἵκετο δῶμα·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/21#21.211","id":"b21-l211","source":"εὐξαμένου ἐμὲ αὖτις ὑπότροπον οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.35","id":"b22-l35","source":"ὦ κύνες, οὔ μʼ ἔτʼ ἐφάσκεθʼ ὑπότροπον οἴκαδʼ\n                     ἱκέσθαι"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποβάλλω","count":1,"glosses":["spread under"],"forms":["ὑπέβαλλεν"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.353","id":"b10-l353","source":"πορφύρεα καθύπερθʼ, ὑπένερθε δὲ λῖθʼ ὑπέβαλλεν·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποδάμναμαι","count":2,"glosses":["are submitting","you submit"],"forms":["ὑποδάμνασαι"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"middle voice ὑποδάμνασαι, 'let yourself be subdued/mastered'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.214","id":"b3-l214","source":"εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι, ἦ σέ γε λαοὶ"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.95","id":"b16-l95","source":"εἰπέ μοι ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι, ἦ σέ γε λαοὶ"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποδέχομαι","count":11,"glosses":["received","enduring","promised","welcomed","awaited","receive","I shall welcome"],"forms":["ὑπέδεκτο","ὑποδέγμενος","ὑποδέξομαι","ὑπέδεξο","ὑπέδεκτο—","ὑπεδέξατο"],"morphology":["aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","aorist subjunctive, 1st singular verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"aorist participle expressing action coincident with the main verb ('suffer... and bear...'), not action prior to it","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.387","id":"b2-l387","source":"ᾔτεε νῆα θοήν· ὁ δέ οἱ πρόφρων ὑπέδεκτο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.310","id":"b13-l310","source":"πάσχειν ἄλγεα πολλά, βίας ὑποδέγμενος ἀνδρῶν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.52","id":"b14-l52","source":"ὅττι μιν ὣς ὑπέδεκτο, ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποδείδω","count":5,"glosses":["dread","shrinking in fear","terrified","fearing, dreading","I dread"],"forms":["ὑποδείσας","ὑποδείσατε","ὑποδείσασα","ὑποδείδι"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":"aorist imperative ὑποδείσατε; the ὑπο- prefix here is attenuating/intensifying ('be somewhat afraid of, stand in dread of'), not temporal — it does not mean 'fear beforehand.'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.66","id":"b2-l66","source":"οἳ περιναιετάουσι· θεῶν δʼ ὑποδείσατε μῆνιν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.377","id":"b9-l377","source":"θάρσυνον, μή τίς μοι ὑποδείσας ἀναδύη."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.296","id":"b10-l296","source":"ἡ δέ σʼ ὑποδείσασα κελήσεται εὐνηθῆναι·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποδμώς","count":1,"glosses":["servant"],"forms":["ὑποδμώς"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.386","id":"b4-l386","source":"πάσης βένθεα οἶδε, Ποσειδάωνος ὑποδμώς·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποδρηστήρ","count":1,"glosses":["attendants"],"forms":["ὑποδρηστῆρες"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"ὑποδρηστήρ, 'under-servant', the suitors' own retainers","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.330","id":"b15-l330","source":"οὔ τοι τοιοίδʼ εἰσὶν ὑποδρηστῆρες ἐκείνων,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποδρώω","count":1,"glosses":["serve"],"forms":["ὑποδρώωσιν"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"epic ὑποδρώω, 'wait on/serve under'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.333","id":"b15-l333","source":"οἵ σφιν ὑποδρώωσιν· ἐΰξεστοι δὲ τράπεζαι"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποδύομαι","count":4,"glosses":["plunging beneath","crept out from under","came over","you will rise up"],"forms":["ὑποδῦσα","ὑπεδύσετο","ὑπέδυ","ὑποδύσεαι"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine","aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"ὑποδύομαι 'dive under' — describes the sea-goddess Eidothea diving to fetch sealskins.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.435","id":"b4-l435","source":"τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ ἥ γʼ ὑποδῦσα θαλάσσης εὐρέα\n                     κόλπον"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/6#6.127","id":"b6-l127","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν θάμνων ὑπεδύσετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.398","id":"b10-l398","source":"πᾶσιν δʼ ἱμερόεις ὑπέδυ γόος, ἀμφὶ δὲ δῶμα"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποζεύγνυμι","count":1,"glosses":["I will yoke"],"forms":["ὑποζεύξω"],"morphology":["future active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.81","id":"b15-l81","source":"ὄφρα τοι αὐτὸς ἕπωμαι, ὑποζεύξω δέ τοι ἵππους,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποθημοσύνη","count":1,"glosses":["by the counsels"],"forms":["ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν"],"morphology":["dative plural feminine noun"],"note":"ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν, epic dative plural instrumental 'by the promptings/counsels of' Athena.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.233","id":"b16-l233","source":"νῦν αὖ δεῦρʼ ἱκόμην ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν Ἀθήνης,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποκλίνομαι","count":1,"glosses":["sank down"],"forms":["ὑπεκλίνθη"],"morphology":["aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.463","id":"b5-l463","source":"σχοίνῳ ὑπεκλίνθη, κύσε δὲ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑποκλοπέομαι","count":1,"glosses":["were lurking"],"forms":["ὑποκλοπέοιτο"],"morphology":["present active optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"Optative ὑποκλοπέοιτο in a purpose/indirect clause: Odysseus scans to see whether anyone might still be hiding.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.382","id":"b22-l382","source":"ζωὸς ὑποκλοπέοιτο, ἀλύσκων κῆρα μέλαιναν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑποκρίνομαι","count":4,"glosses":["give answer","might answer","interpret","to interpret"],"forms":["ὑποκρίνονται","ὑποκρίναιτο","ὑπόκριναι","ὑποκρίνασθαι"],"morphology":["present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb","aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb","aorist middle infinitive"],"note":"Antinous returns to his own voice here, closing the embedded story of Penelope's ruse.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.111","id":"b2-l111","source":"σοὶ δʼ ὧδε μνηστῆρες ὑποκρίνονται, ἵνʼ εἰδῇς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.170","id":"b15-l170","source":"ὅππως οἱ κατὰ μοῖραν ὑποκρίναιτο νοήσας."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.535","id":"b19-l535","source":"ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τὸν ὄνειρον ὑπόκριναι καὶ ἄκουσον."}]},{"lemma":"ὑποκύομαι","count":1,"glosses":["having conceived"],"forms":["ὑποκυσαμένη"],"morphology":["aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"middle voice marks the physical process happening to/for herself","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.254","id":"b11-l254","source":"ἡ δʼ ὑποκυσαμένη Πελίην τέκε καὶ Νηλῆα,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπολείβω","count":1,"glosses":["will stay behind"],"forms":["ὑπολείψομαι"],"morphology":["aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb"],"note":"subjunctive here has future/volitive force, common in Homer where subjunctive and future overlap","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/19#19.44","id":"b19-l44","source":"ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν κατάλεξαι, ἐγὼ δʼ ὑπολείψομαι αὐτοῦ,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπολείπω","count":6,"glosses":["remained behind","had left","will stay behind","I will stay behind","stayed behind","he stayed behind"],"forms":["ὑπελείπετο","ὑπολείψομαι","ὑπέλειπον"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"Middle voice ὑπελείπετο marks Odysseus lingering of his own accord, not being left.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.230","id":"b7-l230","source":"αὐτὰρ ὁ ἐν μεγάρῳ ὑπελείπετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.50","id":"b16-l50","source":"ὀπταλέων, ἅ ῥα τῇ προτέρῃ ὑπέλειπον ἔδοντες,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.276","id":"b17-l276","source":"δύσεο δὲ μνηστῆρας, ἐγὼ δʼ ὑπολείψομαι αὐτοῦ·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπολύω","count":1,"glosses":["I loosed"],"forms":["ὑπέλυσα"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.463","id":"b9-l463","source":"πρῶτος ὑπʼ ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην, ὑπέλυσα δʼ ἑταίρους."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπομένω","count":3,"glosses":["did wait","held back","held back, stayed"],"forms":["ὑπέμεινε","ὑπέμεινεν","ὑπέμεινα"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.410","id":"b1-l410","source":"οἷον ἀναΐξας ἄφαρ οἴχεται, οὐδʼ ὑπέμεινε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.232","id":"b10-l232","source":"Εὐρύλοχος δʼ ὑπέμεινεν, ὀισάμενος δόλον εἶναι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.258","id":"b10-l258","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ὑπέμεινα, ὀισάμενος δόλον εἶναι."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπομιμνήσκω","count":2,"glosses":["reminded","to remind"],"forms":["ὑπέμνησέν","ὑπομνήσουσα"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb","future active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"Future participle expressing purpose: 'in order to remind'.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.321","id":"b1-l321","source":"θῆκε μένος καὶ θάρσος, ὑπέμνησέν τέ ἑ πατρὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.3","id":"b15-l3","source":"νόστου ὑπομνήσουσα καὶ ὀτρυνέουσα νέεσθαι."}]},{"lemma":"ὑπομνάομαι","count":1,"glosses":["you secretly wooed"],"forms":["ὑπεμνάασθε"],"morphology":["imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/22#22.38","id":"b22-l38","source":"αὐτοῦ τε ζώοντος ὑπεμνάασθε γυναῖκα,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπονήιος","count":1,"glosses":["below Mount Neion"],"forms":["ὑπονηίου"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"ὑπονήιος 'beneath (Mount) Neion,' a local Ithacan landmark epithet identifying home precisely","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.81","id":"b3-l81","source":"ἡμεῖς ἐξ Ἰθάκης ὑπονηίου εἰλήλουθμεν·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποπερκάζω","count":1,"glosses":["begin to darken"],"forms":["ὑποπερκάζουσιν"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":"ὑποπερκάζουσιν, 'turn dark under (the skin),' i.e. grapes just starting to ripen/color.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/7#7.126","id":"b7-l126","source":"ἄνθος ἀφιεῖσαι, ἕτεραι δʼ ὑποπερκάζουσιν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑποσείω","count":1,"glosses":["keep spinning"],"forms":["ὑποσσείουσιν"],"morphology":["present active indicative, 3rd plural verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.385","id":"b9-l385","source":"τρυπάνῳ, οἱ δέ τʼ ἔνερθεν ὑποσσείουσιν ἱμάντι"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποσταχύομαι","count":1,"glosses":["grow up so well"],"forms":["ὑποσταχύοιτο"],"morphology":["present active optative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"rare verb ὑποσταχύομαι 'to sprout up under' — vivid agricultural metaphor for a herd multiplying.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.212","id":"b20-l212","source":"ἀνδρί γʼ ὑποσταχύοιτο βοῶν γένος εὐρυμετώπων·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποστορέννυμι","count":1,"glosses":["to spread"],"forms":["ὑποστορέσαι"],"morphology":["aorist active infinitive"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.139","id":"b20-l139","source":"ἡ μὲν δέμνιʼ ἄνωγεν ὑποστορέσαι δμῳῇσιν,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποστρέφω","count":2,"glosses":["having turned","would return"],"forms":["ὑποστρέψας","ὑποστρέψεσθαι"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","future middle infinitive"],"note":"future infinitive after 'I think'—Odysseus predicts Irus won't dare come back.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.301","id":"b8-l301","source":"αὖτις ὑποστρέψας πρὶν Λήμνου γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/18#18.23","id":"b18-l23","source":"αὔριον· οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σʼ ὑποστρέψεσθαι ὀΐω"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποτίθημι","count":6,"glosses":["I will counsel","will counsel","will suggest","you might suggest","advise"],"forms":["ὑποθήσομαι","ὑποθήσεται","ὑποθήσεαι","ὑπόθευ"],"morphology":["future indicative, 1st singular verb","future indicative, 3rd singular verb","future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb","future middle indicative, 1st singular verb","aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"Future middle of ὑποτίθημι, 'I will set before you/suggest' — the middle voice marks the advice as given for the addressee's own benefit.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.279","id":"b1-l279","source":"σοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ πυκινῶς ὑποθήσομαι, αἴ κε πίθηαι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.194","id":"b2-l194","source":"Τηλεμάχῳ δʼ ἐν πᾶσιν ἐγὼν ὑποθήσομαι αὐτός·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.27","id":"b3-l27","source":"ἄλλα δὲ καὶ δαίμων ὑποθήσεται· οὐ γὰρ ὀίω"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποτρέχω","count":1,"glosses":["ran under"],"forms":["ὑπέδραμε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ὑποτρέχω, 'run in under (the sword-stroke)', vivid physical image of ducking beneath the blade.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.323","id":"b10-l323","source":"ἡ δὲ μέγα ἰάχουσα ὑπέδραμε καὶ λάβε γούνων,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑπουράνιος","count":1,"glosses":["under heaven"],"forms":["ὑπουράνιον"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"ὑπουράνιον, compound adjective 'beneath-sky' — hyperbolic scope of Agamemnon's fame","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.264","id":"b9-l264","source":"τοῦ δὴ νῦν γε μέγιστον ὑπουράνιον κλέος ἐστί·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποφαίνω","count":1,"glosses":["brought out"],"forms":["ὑπέφηνε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":"ὑπέφηνε, 'made appear from under' — vivid compound for pulling the stool from the table","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.409","id":"b17-l409","source":"ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, καὶ θρῆνυν ἑλὼν ὑπέφηνε τραπέζης"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποφθάνω","count":2,"glosses":["forestalling","forestalling him"],"forms":["ὑποφθάμενος","ὑποφθαμένη"],"morphology":["aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"aorist middle participle, 'getting there first' — Orestes beating someone to the killing","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.547","id":"b4-l547","source":"κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος, σὺ δέ κεν τάφου ἀντιβολήσαις."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.171","id":"b15-l171","source":"τὸν δʼ Ἑλένη τανύπεπλος ὑποφθαμένη φάτο μῦθον·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποχέω","count":1,"glosses":["spread out"],"forms":["ὑπέχευε"],"morphology":["aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.49","id":"b14-l49","source":"εἷσεν δʼ εἰσαγαγών, ῥῶπας δʼ ὑπέχευε δασείας,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑποχείριος","count":1,"glosses":["at hand"],"forms":["ὑποχείριος"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ὑποχείριος 'under the hand, within reach' — whatever gold she can grab in the household.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/15#15.448","id":"b15-l448","source":"οἴσω γὰρ καὶ χρυσόν, ὅτις χʼ ὑποχείριος ἔλθῃ·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑσμίνη","count":2,"glosses":["battle-press","combats"],"forms":["ὑσμίνῃ","ὑσμῖναί"],"morphology":["dative singular feminine noun","nominative plural feminine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.417","id":"b11-l417","source":"μουνὰξ κτεινομένων καὶ ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.612","id":"b11-l612","source":"ὑσμῖναί τε μάχαι τε φόνοι τʼ ἀνδροκτασίαι τε."}]},{"lemma":"ὑστάτιος","count":1,"glosses":["last of all"],"forms":["ὑστάτιον"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.14","id":"b9-l14","source":"τί πρῶτόν τοι ἔπειτα, τί δʼ ὑστάτιον καταλέξω;"}]},{"lemma":"ὑφαίνω","count":17,"glosses":["weave","would weave","having woven","was weaving","began to weave","were weaving","is weaving","weaves","wove"],"forms":["ὕφαινε","ὑφαίνεσκεν","ὕφαινον","ὑφήνας","ὕφαινεν","ὑφαίνῃσιν","ὑφόωσι","ὑφαίνουσιν","ὑφήνω","ὕφηνον","ὑφαίνει","ὑφαίνειν","ὑφαίνεσκον","ὑφήνασα"],"morphology":["imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd plural verb","imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb","imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb","aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb","aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","present active indicative, 3rd singular verb","present active infinitive","aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine"],"note":"Iterative imperfect -σκ- suffix: \"used to weave,\" marking repeated habitual action over years.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.94","id":"b2-l94","source":"στησαμένη μέγαν ἱστὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὕφαινε,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.104","id":"b2-l104","source":"ἔνθα καὶ ἠματίη μὲν ὑφαίνεσκεν μέγαν ἱστόν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.678","id":"b4-l678","source":"αὐλῆς ἐκτὸς ἐών· οἱ δʼ ἔνδοθι μῆτιν ὕφαινον."}]},{"lemma":"ὑφαντός","count":3,"glosses":["woven"],"forms":["ὑφαντήν","ὑφαντά"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.136","id":"b13-l136","source":"χαλκόν τε χρυσόν τε ἅλις ἐσθῆτά θʼ ὑφαντήν,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/13#13.218","id":"b13-l218","source":"ἠρίθμει καὶ χρυσὸν ὑφαντά τε εἵματα καλά."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/16#16.231","id":"b16-l231","source":"χαλκόν τε χρυσόν τε ἅλις ἐσθῆτά θʼ ὑφαντήν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑφίστημι","count":4,"glosses":["having promised","undertaking","you promised","you gave"],"forms":["ὑποστὰς","ὑπέστης"],"morphology":["aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine","aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb"],"note":"ὑποστάς 'having undertaken/promised' + ἐξετέλεσσε 'fulfilled': promise-then-deliver pairing","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/3#3.99","id":"b3-l99","source":"ἢ ἔπος ἠέ τι ἔργον ὑποστὰς ἐξετέλεσσε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.329","id":"b4-l329","source":"ἢ ἔπος ἠέ τι ἔργον ὑποστὰς ἐξετέλεσσε"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.365","id":"b9-l365","source":"ἐξερέω· σὺ δέ μοι δὸς ξείνιον, ὥς περ ὑπέστης."}]},{"lemma":"ὑφορβός","count":21,"glosses":["swineherd","the swineherd","swineherds"],"forms":["ὑφορβός","ὑφορβὸς","ὑφορβόν","ὑφορβοί","ὑφορβὸν"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun"],"note":"ὑφορβός, Eumaeus's title — the loyal swineherd, a recurring epic figure of humble faithfulness.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.3","id":"b14-l3","source":"πέφραδε δῖον ὑφορβόν, ὅ οἱ βιότοιο μάλιστα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.48","id":"b14-l48","source":"ὣς εἰπὼν κλισίηνδʼ ἡγήσατο δῖος ὑφορβός,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.401","id":"b14-l401","source":"τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσεφώνεε δῖος ὑφορβός·"}]},{"lemma":"ὑψαγόρας","count":4,"glosses":["loud-talker","a lofty speaker","loud talker"],"forms":["ὑψαγόρη","ὑψαγόρην"],"morphology":["vocative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun"],"note":"ὑψαγόρης, 'high-talker', a rare compound coined for grand or presumptuous speechmaking — sarcastic here.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.385","id":"b1-l385","source":"ὑψαγόρην τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέως ἀγορεύειν·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.85","id":"b2-l85","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε, ποῖον ἔειπες"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.303","id":"b2-l303","source":"Τηλέμαχʼ ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε, μή τί τοι\n                     ἄλλο"}]},{"lemma":"ὑψερεφής","count":11,"glosses":["high-roofed"],"forms":["ὑψερεφὲς","ὑψερεφέα","ὑψερεφές"],"morphology":["accusative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective"],"note":"ὑψερεφές continues the string of epithets modifying δῶ across the line-break, a common Homeric enjambment technique.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.15","id":"b4-l15","source":"ὣς οἱ μὲν δαίνυντο καθʼ ὑψερεφὲς μέγα δῶμα"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.46","id":"b4-l46","source":"δῶμα καθʼ ὑψερεφὲς Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.757","id":"b4-l757","source":"δώματά θʼ ὑψερεφέα καὶ ἀπόπροθι πίονας ἀγρούς."}]},{"lemma":"ὑψηλός","count":29,"glosses":["high","lofty","tall","high, lofty","of high","lofty, high","of the high"],"forms":["ὑψηλὴν","ὑψηλοῖο","ὑψηλάων","ὑψηλοῖσι","ὑψηλῶν","ὑψηλόν","ὑψηλὴ","ὑψηλὸς","ὑψηλός","ὑψηλά","ὑψηλοῦ","ὑψηλῆς"],"morphology":["accusative singular feminine adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective","genitive plural feminine adjective","genitive plural neuter adjective","nominative singular masculine adjective","dative plural masculine adjective","nominative singular feminine adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","accusative singular masculine adjective","accusative singular neuter adjective","genitive singular neuter adjective","dative plural neuter adjective","genitive singular feminine adjective"],"note":"Genitive plural ending -άων is the epic/Ionic form (for -ῶν), common in Homeric formulas.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.126","id":"b1-l126","source":"οἱ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἔντοσθεν ἔσαν δόμου ὑψηλοῖο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.330","id":"b1-l330","source":"κλίμακα δʼ ὑψηλὴν κατεβήσετο οἷο δόμοιο,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.426","id":"b1-l426","source":"ὑψηλὸς δέδμητο περισκέπτῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑψίκερως","count":1,"glosses":["high-antlered"],"forms":["ὑψίκερων"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ὑψίκερως, vivid compound epithet describing the stag's great rack.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/10#10.158","id":"b10-l158","source":"ὅς ῥά μοι ὑψίκερων ἔλαφον μέγαν εἰς ὁδὸν αὐτὴν"}]},{"lemma":"ὑψίκομος","count":4,"glosses":["high-crowned","high-leaved, lofty","high-leafed"],"forms":["ὑψικόμοιο","ὑψικόμοισιν"],"morphology":["genitive singular feminine adjective","dative plural feminine adjective"],"note":"ὑψίκομος 'lofty-haired/-leaved' — a picturesque compound epithet for tall-topped trees.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.186","id":"b9-l186","source":"μακρῇσίν τε πίτυσσιν ἰδὲ δρυσὶν ὑψικόμοισιν."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/12#12.357","id":"b12-l357","source":"φύλλα δρεψάμενοι τέρενα δρυὸς ὑψικόμοιο·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/14#14.328","id":"b14-l328","source":"ἐκ δρυὸς ὑψικόμοιο Διὸς βουλὴν ἐπακούσαι,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑψιβρεμέτης","count":2,"glosses":["who thunders on high","high-thunderer"],"forms":["ὑψιβρεμέτης"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"ὑψιβρεμέτης, a compound epithet unique to Zeus—'high-thundering'","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.4","id":"b5-l4","source":"Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, οὗ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/23#23.331","id":"b23-l331","source":"Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔφθιθεν ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι"}]},{"lemma":"ὑψιπέτηλος","count":2,"glosses":["tall-leaved","tall-leafed"],"forms":["ὑψιπέτηλον","ὑψιπέτηλα"],"morphology":["nominative singular neuter adjective","nominative plural neuter adjective"],"note":"compound epithet ὑψι-πέτηλος 'high-leaved' — final and most fantastic of Proteus's forms","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.458","id":"b4-l458","source":"γίγνετο δʼ ὑγρὸν ὕδωρ καὶ δένδρεον ὑψιπέτηλον·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/11#11.588","id":"b11-l588","source":"δένδρεα δʼ ὑψιπέτηλα κατὰ κρῆθεν χέε καρπόν,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑψιπέτης","count":1,"glosses":["high-flying"],"forms":["ὑψιπέτης"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.243","id":"b20-l243","source":"αἰετὸς ὑψιπέτης, ἔχε δὲ τρήρωνα πέλειαν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑψιπετήεις","count":1,"glosses":["high-flying"],"forms":["ὑψιπετήεις"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine adjective"],"note":"compound epithet ὑψιπετήεις, 'flying high,' vivid Homeric simile word","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.538","id":"b24-l538","source":"οἴμησεν δὲ ἀλεὶς ὥς τʼ αἰετὸς ὑψιπετήεις."}]},{"lemma":"ὑψόθεν","count":4,"glosses":["from on high","on high"],"forms":["ὑψόθεν"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.147","id":"b2-l147","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐκ κορυφῆς ὄρεος προέηκε πέτεσθαι."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/17#17.210","id":"b17-l210","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐκ πέτρης· βωμὸς δʼ ἐφύπερθε τέτυκτο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/20#20.104","id":"b20-l104","source":"ὑψόθεν ἐκ νεφέων· γήθησε δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς."}]},{"lemma":"ὑψόροφος","count":6,"glosses":["high-roofed"],"forms":["ὑψόροφον","ὑψορόφοιο"],"morphology":["accusative singular masculine adjective","genitive singular masculine adjective"],"note":"Homeric compound epithet ὑψόροφος, 'high-roofed,' a stock attribute of a great house.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.337","id":"b2-l337","source":"ὣς φάν, ὁ δʼ ὑψόροφον θάλαμον κατεβήσετο πατρὸς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.121","id":"b4-l121","source":"ἐκ δʼ Ἑλένη θαλάμοιο θυώδεος ὑψορόφοιο"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.42","id":"b5-l42","source":"οἶκον ἐς ὑψόροφον καὶ ἑὴν ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν."}]},{"lemma":"ὑψόσε","count":9,"glosses":["high up","on high","high overhead","high aloft","high"],"forms":["ὑψόσ","ὑψόσε"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.375","id":"b8-l375","source":"ἰδνωθεὶς ὀπίσω, ὁ δʼ ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὑψόσʼ ἀερθεὶς"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.240","id":"b9-l240","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἐπέθηκε θυρεὸν μέγαν ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας,"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/9#9.340","id":"b9-l340","source":"αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ ἐπέθηκε θυρεὸν μέγαν ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας,"}]},{"lemma":"ὑψοῦ","count":3,"glosses":["high up","up high"],"forms":["ὑψοῦ"],"morphology":["adverb"],"note":null,"lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/4#4.785","id":"b4-l785","source":"ὑψοῦ δʼ ἐν νοτίῳ τήν γʼ ὥρμισαν, ἐκ δʼ ἔβαν αὐτοί·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/5#5.164","id":"b5-l164","source":"ὑψοῦ, ὥς σε φέρῃσιν ἐπʼ ἠεροειδέα πόντον."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/8#8.55","id":"b8-l55","source":"ὑψοῦ δʼ ἐν νοτίῳ τήν γʼ ὥρμισαν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα"}]},{"lemma":"υἱός","count":178,"glosses":["son","sons","his son","the son","to the son","to his son","of the son","to his sons","of his son","for his son","for her son","the sons","of son","of my son","two sons","as son","of the sons"],"forms":["υἱός","υἱὸς","υἱὸν","υἱόν","υἷες","υἱέες","υἷας","υἱέος","υἱέ","υἱάσιν","υἱάσι","υἱέϊ","υἱέι","υἷι","υἷα","υἷος","υἱεῖς","υἱέας","υἱεῖ","υἷε","υἱοῖσιν","υἱοῦ","υἱῶν"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","nominative plural masculine noun","dative singular masculine noun","dative plural masculine noun","genitive singular masculine noun","accusative plural masculine noun","vocative singular masculine noun","accusative dual masculine noun","genitive plural masculine noun"],"note":"'dear son of Odysseus' — a formulaic epithet phrase for Telemachus.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.88","id":"b1-l88","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν Ἰθάκηνδʼ ἐσελεύσομαι, ὄφρα οἱ υἱὸν"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.181","id":"b1-l181","source":"υἱός, ἀτὰρ Ταφίοισι φιληρέτμοισιν ἀνάσσω."},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.217","id":"b1-l217","source":"ὡς δὴ ἐγώ γʼ ὄφελον μάκαρός νύ τευ ἔμμεναι υἱὸς"}]},{"lemma":"υἱωνός","count":1,"glosses":["grandson"],"forms":["υἱωνός"],"morphology":["nominative singular masculine noun"],"note":"υἱωνός 'grandson' — pairs with υἱός to mark the family's three generations in this scene.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/24#24.515","id":"b24-l515","source":"υἱός θʼ υἱωνός τʼ ἀρετῆς πέρι δῆριν ἔχουσιν."}]},{"lemma":"υνκνοων","count":58,"glosses":["they","he","which","this","also","him","but","some","these things","sitting beside","all, every","feel indignation","also, even","feel shame","his","rich","feast","of these","them","noble, divine","sitting by","of lovely women","what","so much","from above","near","nurtured by Zeus","Zeus-nurtured","the more numerous","Zacynthus","father","shrewd","face to face","worse","and","divinely-gifted","such","[particle]","bring","kingly","guest-gifts","everlasting"],"forms":["τά","οἱ","καὶ","τό","παρήμενος","τὸν","ὅ","διοτρεφές","πάντα","νεμεσσήθητε","αἰδέσθητε","ὁ","τοῦ","ἀλλ","ἀλλά","θαλείῃ","τὰ","δαῖτα","τοὶ","τῶν","τούς","δῖαν","καλλιγύναικα","τοσσοῦτον","τάς","ὅγ","ὕπερθε","ἐγγὺς","πλεόνεσσιν","Ζακύνθῳ","πατέρ","ἐπίφρονα","ἐσάντα","χέρειον","καί","θέσπιν","τοιοῦτον","ἀρ","ἔνεικε","βασιλῆϊ","ξεινήϊα","αἰειγενετάων","οἷ"],"morphology":["nominative plural masculine pronoun","adverb","nominative singular masculine pronoun","accusative singular neuter pronoun","nominative plural neuter pronoun","accusative singular feminine adjective","nominative singular neuter adjective","accusative plural neuter adjective","aorist passive imperative, 2nd plural verb","accusative singular masculine pronoun","conjunction","accusative plural neuter pronoun","vocative singular masculine adjective","present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine","genitive singular masculine pronoun","dative singular feminine adjective","accusative singular feminine noun","genitive plural neuter pronoun","accusative plural masculine pronoun","present middle participle, nominative singular masculine","accusative plural feminine pronoun","preposition","dative plural masculine adjective","dative singular masculine noun","accusative singular masculine noun","participle","accusative singular masculine adjective","particle","aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb","dative singular masculine adjective","genitive plural masculine adjective"],"note":"καὶ αὐτοί = 'you too/yourselves'; the 'yourselves' sense belongs to αὐτοί (next word), not to καὶ alone.","lines":[{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.26","id":"b1-l26","source":"ἔνθʼ ὅ γʼ ἐτέρπετο δαιτὶ παρήμενος· οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/1#1.47","id":"b1-l47","source":"ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος, ὅτις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι·"},{"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/odyssey/2#2.55","id":"b2-l55","source":"οἱ δʼ εἰς ἡμέτερον πωλεύμενοι ἤματα πάντα,"}]}]}