{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"abisag","title":{"source":"Abisag","translated":"Abishag"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/abisag","lines":31},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/oestliches-taglied","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"abisag-s1-l1","source":"Sie lag. Und ihre Kinderarme waren","translation":"She lay. And her child's arms were","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kinderarme","title":"A child's arms","body":"'Kinderarme' compounds 'Kind', 'child', and 'Arme', 'arms': 'child's arms'. It is nominative plural, the subject of 'waren'. German builds such compounds freely, the first noun modifying the second, with no linking word needed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"lag","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"ihre","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Kinderarme","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Kinderarme","lemma":"Kinderarm","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"child's arms"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"abisag-s1-l2","source":"von Dienern um den Welkenden gebunden,","translation":"bound by servants about the withering one,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Welkende","title":"The withering one","body":"'welken' means 'to wilt, to wither'. Its present participle 'welkend' is used as a noun, 'der Welkende', 'the one who is withering'. Here it is accusative singular, 'den Welkenden', object of the preposition 'um', 'around'."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gebunden","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Dienern","lemma":"Diener","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"servants"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gebunden","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Welkenden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Welkenden","lemma":"Welkende","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"withering one","note":"Substantivized adjective referring to the aging King David."},{"surface":"gebunden","lemma":"binden","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bound"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"abisag-s1-l3","source":"auf dem sie lag die süßen langen Stunden,","translation":"on whom she lay the sweet long hours,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"auf dem","title":"Relative auf dem, on whom","body":"'auf dem' is the preposition 'auf' plus the dative relative pronoun 'dem', referring back to 'den Welkenden': 'on whom'. The dative follows because 'auf' marks position, lying on, not motion toward."}],"words":[{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on auf, refers to den Welkenden","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"lag","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Stunden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"süßen","lemma":"süß","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Stunden","gloss":"sweet"},{"surface":"langen","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Stunden","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Stunden","lemma":"Stunde","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on lag, accusative of duration","gloss":"hours"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"abisag-s1-l4","source":"ein wenig bang vor seinen vielen Jahren.","translation":"a little afraid before his many years.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bang vor","title":"A feeling word plus vor","body":"The adjective 'bang', 'anxious, afraid', governs 'vor', 'before, of', with the dative: 'bang vor seinen vielen Jahren' means 'afraid of his many years'. 'vor' after a feeling word names the thing feared."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on bang","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"wenig","lemma":"wenig","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on bang","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"bang","lemma":"bang","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lag (abisag-s1-l1), secondary predicate describing sie","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"vor","lemma":"vor","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bang","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"seinen","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Jahren","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"vielen","lemma":"viel","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Jahren","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"Jahren","lemma":"Jahr","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on vor","gloss":"years"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"abisag-s2-l1","source":"Und manchmal wandte sie in seinem Barte","translation":"And sometimes she would turn, into his beard,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wandte","title":"Past tense of wenden","body":"'wandte' is the simple past of 'wenden', 'to turn', a mixed verb taking a vowel change plus a te ending. Its object, 'ihr Angesicht', 'her face', follows only in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"manchmal","lemma":"manchmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"wandte","lemma":"wenden","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Barte","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Barte","lemma":"Bart","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"beard","note":"Archaic poetic dative singular ending -e on 'Bart'."}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"abisag-s2-l2","source":"ihr Angesicht, wenn eine Eule schrie;","translation":"her face, when an owl cried out;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Angesicht","title":"An elevated word for face","body":"'das Angesicht' is a heightened word for the face; everyday German says 'das Gesicht'. 'schrie' is the simple past of 'schreien', 'to cry out, to shriek', third person singular."}],"words":[{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Angesicht","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Angesicht","lemma":"Angesicht","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wandte (abisag-s2-l1), direct object","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on schrie","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Eule","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Eule","lemma":"Eule","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on schrie","gloss":"owl"},{"surface":"schrie","lemma":"schreien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the wenn-clause","gloss":"cried out"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"abisag-s2-l3","source":"und alles, was die Nacht war, kam und scharte","translation":"and all that the night was came and gathered","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"scharte sich","title":"To cluster together","body":"'sich scharen' means 'to gather in a throng, to cluster', from 'die Schar', 'a crowd, a flock'. The reflexive 'sich' completes only in the next line: 'scharte ... sich um sie', 'clustered about her'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate of war, refers to alles","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of war","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause 'was die Nacht war'","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"scharte","lemma":"scharen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with kam","gloss":"gathered"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"abisag-s2-l4","source":"mit Bangen und Verlangen sich um sie.","translation":"with dread and with longing about her.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bangen und Verlangen","title":"Dread and longing","body":"Two infinitives turned into nouns: 'das Bangen', 'dread, anxiety', and 'das Verlangen', 'longing, craving'. Both are dative plural after 'mit', 'with', and coordinated by 'und'."}],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on scharte (abisag-s2-l3)","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Bangen","lemma":"Bangen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"dread"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Bangen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Verlangen","lemma":"Verlangen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"longing"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on scharte (abisag-s2-l3)","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on scharte (abisag-s2-l3)","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"abisag-s3-l1","source":"Die Sterne zitterten wie ihresgleichen,","translation":"The stars trembled as ones of her own kind,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ihresgleichen","title":"Her own kind","body":"'ihresgleichen' is a fixed, indeclinable form meaning 'her like, those of her own sort, her equals'. 'wie ihresgleichen' means 'like her kind', following the comparative 'wie'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Sterne","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Sterne","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on zitterten","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"zitterten","lemma":"zittern","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ihresgleichen","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ihresgleichen","lemma":"ihresgleichen","morphology":"pronoun, invariant","role":"depends on zitterten","gloss":"her own kind"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"abisag-s3-l2","source":"der Duft ging suchend durch das Schlafgemach,","translation":"the fragrance went searching through the bedchamber,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ging suchend","title":"A present participle of manner","body":"'suchend', 'searching', is the present participle of 'suchen', added to 'ging', 'went', to describe how the motion happens. German uses the bare participle this way as an adverb of manner."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Duft","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Duft","lemma":"Duft","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"fragrance"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"suchend","lemma":"suchend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"searching"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Schlafgemach","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schlafgemach","lemma":"Schlafgemach","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"bedchamber"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"abisag-s3-l3","source":"der Vorhang rührte sich und gab ein Zeichen,","translation":"the curtain stirred and gave a sign,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"rührte sich","title":"Reflexive sich ruhren, to stir","body":"'sich ruhren' means 'to move, to stir'. The reflexive 'sich' takes the subject as its own object: 'der Vorhang ruhrte sich', 'the curtain stirred'. Without 'sich', 'ruhren' takes a separate object, as in stirring a pot."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Vorhang","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Vorhang","lemma":"Vorhang","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on rührte","gloss":"curtain"},{"surface":"rührte","lemma":"rühren","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on rührte","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on rührte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gab","lemma":"geben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb of the sentence, coordinated with rührte","gloss":"gave"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Zeichen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Zeichen","lemma":"Zeichen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on gab","gloss":"sign"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"abisag-s3-l4","source":"und leise ging ihr Blick dem Zeichen nach.","translation":"and softly her gaze went following the sign.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ging … nach","title":"Separable verb nachgehen plus dative","body":"'nachgehen', 'to follow, to go after', is separable: the prefix 'nach' splits off to the clause's end, 'ging ... nach'. It governs the dative, 'dem Zeichen nach', 'after the sign'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"leise","lemma":"leise","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Blick","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Blick","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Zeichen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Zeichen","lemma":"Zeichen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"sign"},{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"after","note":"Separable-verb particle of 'nachgehen' (to follow); 'ging ... nach' = 'followed'."}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"abisag-s4-l1","source":"Aber sie hielt sich an dem dunkeln Alten,","translation":"But she held to the dark old man,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hielt sich an","title":"sich halten an plus dative","body":"'sich halten an' means 'to hold on to, to cling to'. 'an' takes the dative 'dem dunkeln Alten' because it marks a fixed point, not motion toward. 'der Alte' is the adjective 'old' used as a noun, 'the old man'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hielt","lemma":"halten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Alten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dunkeln","lemma":"dunkel","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Alten","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Alten","lemma":"Alte","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"old man","note":"Substantivized adjective referring to the aging King David."}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"abisag-s4-l2","source":"und, von der Nacht der Nächte nicht erreicht,","translation":"and, untouched by the night of nights,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der Nacht der Nächte","title":"Genitive der Nachte","body":"'der Nachte' is the genitive plural of 'die Nacht': 'of the nights'. 'die Nacht der Nachte' means 'the night of nights', a noun governing its own plural, as in 'king of kings'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on erreicht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on erreicht","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Nächte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Nächte","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on erreicht","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"erreicht","lemma":"erreichen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sie (abisag-s4-l1), describes sie","gloss":"reached"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"abisag-s4-l3","source":"lag sie auf seinem fürstlichen Erkalten","translation":"she lay upon his princely growing-cold","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Erkalten","title":"The going cold","body":"'erkalten' means 'to grow cold, to cool entirely', the 'er-' prefix marking a completed change. Used as a neuter noun, 'das Erkalten' means 'the growing cold'. It is dative singular after 'auf'."}],"words":[{"surface":"lag","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Erkalten","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"fürstlichen","lemma":"fürstlich","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Erkalten","gloss":"princely"},{"surface":"Erkalten","lemma":"Erkalten","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"growing cold","note":"Nominalized infinitive of 'erkalten' (to grow cold); nominalized infinitives are always neuter in German."}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"abisag-s4-l4","source":"jungfräulich und wie eine Seele leicht.","translation":"virginal and light as a soul.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jungfräulich","title":"Virginal","body":"From 'die Jungfrau', 'virgin, maiden', 'jungfraulich' means 'virginal, maidenly, untouched'. It is used adverbially here, describing 'sie' as a secondary predicate alongside 'leicht', 'light'."}],"words":[{"surface":"jungfräulich","lemma":"jungfräulich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lag (abisag-s4-l3), secondary predicate describing sie","gloss":"virginal"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on jungfräulich","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on leicht","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Seele","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Seele","lemma":"Seele","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"leicht","lemma":"leicht","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lag (abisag-s4-l3), secondary predicate, coordinated with jungfräulich","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"abisag-s5-l1","source":"II","translation":"II","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"II","lemma":"II","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"II","note":"Roman numeral marking the poem's second section."}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"abisag-s6-l1","source":"Der König saß und sann den leeren Tag","translation":"The king sat and brooded on the empty day","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sann","title":"Past tense of sinnen","body":"'sann' is the simple past of the strong verb 'sinnen', 'to ponder, to muse, to brood'. It can take a direct accusative object of what is mused upon, here 'den leeren Tag', 'the empty day'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on König","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on saß","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"saß","lemma":"sitzen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sat"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on saß","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sann","lemma":"sinnen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with saß","gloss":"brooded"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"leeren","lemma":"leer","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"Tag","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sann","gloss":"day"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"abisag-s6-l2","source":"getaner Taten, ungefühlter Lüste","translation":"of deeds once done, of pleasures never felt,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"getaner Taten","title":"Genitive getaner Taten, ungefuhlter Luste","body":"Both phrases are genitive plurals depending on 'sann', naming what was mused upon: 'of deeds done, of pleasures unfelt'. 'getan' is the past participle of 'tun', 'to do'; 'ungefuhlt' negates 'gefuhlt', 'felt', with 'un-'."}],"words":[{"surface":"getaner","lemma":"getan","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Taten","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"Taten","lemma":"Tat","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on sann (abisag-s6-l1)","gloss":"deeds"},{"surface":"ungefühlter","lemma":"ungefühlt","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Lüste","gloss":"unfelt"},{"surface":"Lüste","lemma":"Lust","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on sann (abisag-s6-l1), coordinate with Taten","gloss":"pleasures"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"abisag-s6-l3","source":"und seiner Lieblingshündin, der er pflag–.","translation":"and of his favourite hound, whom he had tended—.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"pflag","title":"Archaic past of pflegen","body":"'pflag' is an old, strong simple past of 'pflegen', 'to tend, to care for'; modern German uses the weak 'pflegte'. It takes its object in the dative, 'der er pflag', 'whom he tended'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sann (abisag-s6-l1), continues the coordination with Taten, Lüste","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Lieblingshündin","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Lieblingshündin","lemma":"Lieblingshündin","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on sann (abisag-s6-l1), coordinate object linked via und","gloss":"favourite hound"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"genitive object of pflag (not present in this batch), refers to Lieblingshündin","gloss":"whom","note":"Archaic 'pflegen' + genitive ('pflag' = tended, cared for); 'der' is the archaic genitive feminine singular relative pronoun."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of pflag (not present in this batch)","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"abisag-s6-l4","source":"Aber am Abend wölbte Abisag","translation":"But in the evening Abishag arched","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wölbte sich","title":"To arch, to vault","body":"'sich wolben' means 'to curve, to arch, to vault'. The reflexive 'sich' and its phrase 'uber ihm' land only in the next line: 'wolbte ... sich uber ihm', 'arched herself over him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wölbte","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"am","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition, contraction of an + dem","role":"depends on wölbte","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Abend","lemma":"Abend","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on am","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"wölbte","lemma":"wölben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arched"},{"surface":"Abisag","lemma":"Abisag","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of wölbte","gloss":"Abishag"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"abisag-s6-l5","source":"sich über ihm. Sein wirres Leben lag","translation":"herself above him. His tangled life lay","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s6-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wirr","title":"Tangled, confused","body":"'wirr' means 'tangled, disordered, confused'. 'sein wirres Leben' is nominative neuter singular, 'wirres' agreeing with 'Leben' and taking the strong ending after the possessive 'sein'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on wölbte (previous line)","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wölbte (previous line)","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"Sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"wirres","lemma":"wirr","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"tangled"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of lag","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"lag","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"abisag-s6-l6","source":"verlassen wie verrufne Meeresküste","translation":"forsaken like a coast of evil name","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s6-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verrufen","title":"Of ill repute","body":"'verrufen' means 'notorious, ill famed, of evil reputation', a past participle used as an adjective. 'verrufne Meereskuste' elides the e of 'verrufene' for the metre; it is nominative feminine singular after 'wie'."}],"words":[{"surface":"verlassen","lemma":"verlassen","morphology":"verb, participle (used as predicate adjective)","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"forsaken"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative particle","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"verrufne","lemma":"verrufen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Meeresküste","gloss":"ill-famed","note":"verrufne elides the e of verrufene, the participle of verrufen (\"to have a bad name\")."},{"surface":"Meeresküste","lemma":"Meeresküste","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on verlassen","gloss":"coast"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"abisag-s6-l7","source":"unter dem Sternbild ihrer stillen Brüste.","translation":"under the constellation of her quiet breasts.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s6-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Sternbild","title":"A constellation","body":"'Sternbild' compounds 'Stern', 'star', and 'Bild', 'image, figure': a constellation. It is dative singular after 'unter', and 'ihrer stillen Bruste', 'of her quiet breasts', is a genitive depending on it."}],"words":[{"surface":"unter","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Sternbild","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sternbild","lemma":"Sternbild","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on unter","gloss":"constellation"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Brüste","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"stillen","lemma":"still","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Brüste","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"Brüste","lemma":"Brust","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Sternbild","gloss":"breasts"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"abisag-s7-l1","source":"Und manchmal, als ein Kundiger der Frauen,","translation":"And sometimes, as one well-versed in women,","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ein Kundiger der Frauen","title":"One who knows","body":"'kundig' means 'knowledgeable, skilled, conversant'; 'ein Kundiger' is that adjective used as a noun, 'a knowing one'. It governs the genitive 'der Frauen', 'of women': 'a connoisseur of women'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on erkannte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"manchmal","lemma":"manchmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erkannte","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"depends on Kundiger","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Kundiger","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Kundiger","lemma":"kundig","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erkannte","gloss":"connoisseur"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Frauen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Frauen","lemma":"Frau","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Kundiger","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"abisag-s7-l2","source":"erkannte er durch seine Augenbrauen","translation":"he made out, beneath his eyebrows,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"erkannte","title":"Past tense of erkennen","body":"'erkannte' is the simple past of 'erkennen', 'to recognize, to perceive, to discern', a mixed verb taking the vowel of 'kennen' plus a te ending. The subject 'er' follows the verb because 'manchmal' opens the sentence, and German inverts after a fronted element."}],"words":[{"surface":"erkannte","lemma":"erkennen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erkannte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on erkannte","gloss":"through","note":"durch here evokes looking out from under lowered brows; the translation renders it \"beneath.\""},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Augenbrauen","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Augenbrauen","lemma":"Augenbraue","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"eyebrows"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"abisag-s7-l3","source":"den unbewegten, küsselosen Mund;","translation":"the unmoved, kissless mouth;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"küsselos","title":"Kissless","body":"A coinage: 'Kuss', 'kiss', plus the suffix 'los', 'less, without', giving 'kusselos', 'without kisses'. German forms such 'los' adjectives freely, compare 'hilflos', 'helpless'."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"unbewegten","lemma":"unbewegt","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"unmoved"},{"surface":"küsselosen","lemma":"küsselos","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"kissless"},{"surface":"Mund","lemma":"Mund","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erkannte (earlier line)","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"abisag-s7-l4","source":"und sah: ihres Gefühles grüne Rute","translation":"and saw: the green rod of her feeling","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s7-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ihres Gefühles grüne Rute","title":"Fronted genitive ihres Gefuhles","body":"'ihres Gefuhles' is the genitive of 'das Gefuhl', 'feeling', placed before its noun: 'ihres Gefuhles grune Rute', 'the green rod of her feeling'. Plain prose would say 'die grune Rute ihres Gefuhles'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"ihres","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gefühles","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Gefühles","lemma":"Gefühl","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Rute","gloss":"feeling"},{"surface":"grüne","lemma":"grün","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Rute","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"Rute","lemma":"Rute","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of neigte (following line)","gloss":"rod"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"abisag-s7-l5","source":"neigte sich nicht herab zu seinem Grund.","translation":"did not bend down to his depths.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s7-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"neigte sich … herab","title":"To bend down","body":"'sich neigen' means 'to bend, to incline'. The directional particle 'herab', 'down, downward', adds the sense of bending down; the reflexive 'sich' and negation 'nicht' both sit between subject and particle."}],"words":[{"surface":"neigte","lemma":"neigen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bent"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on neigte","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on neigte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"herab","lemma":"herab","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on neigte","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on neigte","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Grund","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Grund","lemma":"Grund","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"depths"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"abisag-s7-l6","source":"Ihn fröstelte. Er horchte wie ein Hund","translation":"He shivered with cold. He listened like a dog","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s7-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ihn fröstelte","title":"Impersonal Ihn frostelte","body":"'frosteln', 'to shiver, to feel chilled', is used impersonally with the person in the accusative: 'ihn frostelte' means 'it chilled him'. Compare 'mich friert', 'I am cold'. 'horchte' is the past of 'horchen', 'to listen intently'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fröstelte","gloss":"he","note":"impersonal construction \"ihn fröstelte\" — literally \"it made him cold.\""},{"surface":"fröstelte","lemma":"frösteln","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shivered"},{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on horchte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"horchte","lemma":"horchen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listened"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative particle","role":"depends on Hund","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Hund","lemma":"Hund","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on horchte","gloss":"dog"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"abisag-s7-l7","source":"und suchte sich in seinem letzten Blute.","translation":"and sought himself in his last blood.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/abisag-s7-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"suchte sich","title":"Reflexive sich suchen","body":"'suchte sich' means 'sought himself', the reflexive 'sich' making the subject also the object. 'in seinem letzten Blute' carries an old dative singular 'e' ending on 'Blut', 'blood'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on suchte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"suchte","lemma":"suchen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sought"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on suchte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on suchte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blute","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"letzten","lemma":"letzter","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blute","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"Blute","lemma":"Blut","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"blood"}]}]}