{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"alkestis","title":{"source":"Alkestis","translated":"Alcestis"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/alkestis","lines":96},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/geburt-der-venus","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"alkestis-s1-l1","source":"Da plötzlich war der Bote unter ihnen,","translation":"Then suddenly the messenger was among them,","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Da plötzlich war","title":"Fronted adverb triggers inversion","body":"Da here means 'then, at that point', not 'there'. Fronting da plötzlich pushes the verb war before the subject der Bote, since German keeps the finite verb in second position. The word order shows the messenger arriving mid sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Bote","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bote","lemma":"Bote","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"messenger"},{"surface":"unter","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"ihnen","lemma":"ihnen","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on unter","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"alkestis-s1-l2","source":"hineingeworfen in das Überkochen","translation":"flung into the boiling-over","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hineingeworfen","title":"Directional prefix hinein","body":"Hineingeworfen is the past participle of hineinwerfen, 'to throw in, hurl into'. The prefix hinein- marks motion into something and away from the speaker. Überkochen is the noun form of überkochen, 'to boil over', so the phrase reads 'flung into the boiling over'."}],"words":[{"surface":"hineingeworfen","lemma":"hineinwerfen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"participial modifier of Bote, from the previous line (s1-l1)","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hineingeworfen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Überkochen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Überkochen","lemma":"überkochen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"boiling-over"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"alkestis-s1-l3","source":"des Hochzeitsmahles wie ein neuer Zusatz.","translation":"of the wedding-feast like a fresh ingredient.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ein neuer Zusatz","title":"Genitive plus a noun of addition","body":"Zusatz means an 'addition, additive, admixture', something added into a mixture. Des Hochzeitsmahles is genitive, 'of the wedding feast', naming what the Zusatz is added to. Ein neuer Zusatz, 'a fresh addition', describes what is dropped into it."}],"words":[{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Hochzeitsmahles","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hochzeitsmahles","lemma":"Hochzeitsmahl","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Zusatz","gloss":"wedding-feast"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Zusatz","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Zusatz","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"neuer","lemma":"neu","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Zusatz","gloss":"fresh"},{"surface":"Zusatz","lemma":"Zusatz","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"ingredient"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"alkestis-s1-l4","source":"Sie fühlten nicht, die Trinkenden, des Gottes","translation":"They did not feel, the drinkers, the god's","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die Trinkenden","title":"Present participle used as noun","body":"Die Trinkenden is the present participle of trinken, 'to drink', used as a plural noun meaning 'the drinkers'. It stands in apposition to sie, 'they', naming who they are. Des Gottes is genitive, 'the god's', and its noun follows in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on fühlten","gloss":"They"},{"surface":"fühlten","lemma":"fühlen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on fühlten","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Trinkenden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Trinkenden","lemma":"Trinkende","morphology":"noun, nominative, plural","role":"in apposition to Sie","gloss":"drinkers"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gottes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gottes","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Eintritt (s1-l5)","gloss":"god's"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"alkestis-s1-l5","source":"heimlichen Eintritt, welcher seine Gottheit","translation":"secret entrance, he who held his godhead","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"welcher","title":"Formal relative pronoun","body":"Welcher, 'who, which', is a literary alternative to der as a relative pronoun. Here it is masculine nominative, referring back to der Gott and opening the clause that follows. Die Gottheit means 'godhead, divinity'."}],"words":[{"surface":"heimlichen","lemma":"heimlich","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Eintritt","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"Eintritt","lemma":"Eintritt","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fühlten (s1-l4)","gloss":"entrance"},{"surface":"welcher","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hielt (s1-l6); refers to Gott","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gottheit","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Gottheit","lemma":"Gottheit","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hielt (s1-l6)","gloss":"godhead"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"alkestis-s1-l6","source":"so an sich hielt wie einen nassen Mantel","translation":"close about him like a wet cloak","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"an sich hielt","title":"Idiom for holding close","body":"An sich halten literally means 'to hold to oneself', and idiomatically 'to hold something close' or 'to restrain oneself'. The reflexive sich marks that the holding is done to his own person. Wie einen nassen Mantel, 'like a wet cloak', gives the comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"to","note":"Idiom: an sich halten = \"to hold close to oneself.\""},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on an","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"hielt","lemma":"halten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mantel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"nassen","lemma":"nass","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mantel","gloss":"wet"},{"surface":"Mantel","lemma":"Mantel","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"cloak"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"alkestis-s1-l7","source":"und ihrer einer schien, der oder jener,","translation":"and seemed one of them, this one or that,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ihrer einer","title":"Old genitive partitive phrase","body":"Ihrer is the genitive of sie, 'them', and einer means 'one'; together ihrer einer means 'one of them', an older construction where everyday German now uses einer von ihnen. Der oder jener, 'this one or that', names no particular guest."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, plural","role":"depends on einer","gloss":"of them","note":"Genitive plural of sie (\"them\"), used partitively: ihrer einer = \"one of them.\""},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of schien","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"schien","lemma":"scheinen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"oder","lemma":"oder","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on der","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"jener","lemma":"jener","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on oder","gloss":"that one"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"alkestis-s1-l8","source":"wie er so durchging. Aber plötzlich sah","translation":"as he passed through. But suddenly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"durchging","title":"Separable verb sent to clause end","body":"Durchgehen, 'to go through, pass through', splits apart in a main clause but stays whole here because wie introduces a subordinate clause, so durchging moves to the end. The new sentence starts with sah, 'saw', placed before its subject, which arrives two lines later."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on durchging","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on durchging","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on durchging","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"durchging","lemma":"durchgehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the subordinate wie-clause","gloss":"passed through"},{"surface":"Aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence; its subject is given in the next line (s1-l9)","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"alkestis-s1-l9","source":"mitten im Sprechen einer von den Gästen","translation":"mid-speech, one of the guests caught sight of","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mitten","lemma":"mitten","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on im","gloss":"in the midst of"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sah (s1-l8)","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Sprechen","lemma":"sprechen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"speaking"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sah (s1-l8)","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on einer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Gästen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gästen","lemma":"Gast","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"guests"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"alkestis-s1-l10","source":"den jungen Hausherrn oben an dem Tische","translation":"the young master of the house, high at the table,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"den jungen Hausherrn","title":"Weak accusative ending","body":"Hausherr means the 'master, head of the household', here the bridegroom king at his own feast. It takes the weak masculine ending -n in the accusative, den Hausherrn. Oben an dem Tische means 'up at the table', the seat of honor."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hausherrn","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jungen","lemma":"jung","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hausherrn","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"Hausherrn","lemma":"Hausherr","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sah (s1-l8)","gloss":"master of the house"},{"surface":"oben","lemma":"oben","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on an","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Hausherrn","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tische","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tische","lemma":"Tisch","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"alkestis-s1-l11","source":"wie in die Höh gerissen, nicht mehr liegend","translation":"as if torn aloft, no longer reclining,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"in die Höh gerissen","title":"Accusative for motion upward","body":"In die Höh(e) means 'up, into the height'; in takes the accusative here because the motion is upward, not rest. Gerissen is the past participle of reißen, 'to tear, wrench', so the phrase means 'wrenched upward'. Rilke shortens Höhe to Höh for the meter."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gerissen","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gerissen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Höh","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Höh","lemma":"Höhe","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"height","note":"Poetic apocope of Höhe (\"height\"): in die Höh = \"aloft, into the air.\""},{"surface":"gerissen","lemma":"reißen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"participial modifier of Hausherrn (s1-l10)","gloss":"torn"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on liegend","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"liegend","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"participial modifier of Hausherrn (s1-l10), parallel to gerissen","gloss":"reclining"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"alkestis-s1-l12","source":"und überall und mit dem ganzen Wesen","translation":"and everywhere and with his whole being","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to gerissen (s1-l11)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"überall","lemma":"überall","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gerissen (s1-l11), coordinated by und","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on überall","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on und","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Wesen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ganzen","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Wesen","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Wesen","lemma":"Wesen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"alkestis-s1-l13","source":"ein Fremdes spiegelnd, das ihn furchtbar ansprach.","translation":"mirroring a strangeness that addressed him terribly.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ansprach","title":"Separable verb sent to clause end","body":"Ansprechen, 'to address, speak to', splits apart in a main clause, but the relative clause das ihn furchtbar ansprach sends the whole verb to the end. Ein Fremdes is the adjective fremd, 'strange', used as a neuter noun meaning 'a strangeness'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Fremdes","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Fremdes","lemma":"fremd","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on spiegelnd","gloss":"strangeness"},{"surface":"spiegelnd","lemma":"spiegeln","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"participial modifier of Hausherrn, parallel to gerissen (s1-l11)","gloss":"mirroring"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ansprach; refers to Fremdes","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"ihn","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ansprach","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"furchtbar","lemma":"furchtbar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ansprach","gloss":"terribly"},{"surface":"ansprach","lemma":"ansprechen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by das","gloss":"addressed"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"alkestis-s1-l14","source":"Und gleich darauf, als klärte sich die Mischung,","translation":"And straightaway, as though the mixture cleared,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als klärte sich","title":"Als introduces a comparison clause","body":"Als followed directly by an inverted verb means 'as though', short for als ob. Klärte is the past subjunctive of klären, 'to clear, settle'; the reflexive sich klären means 'to clear, become clear', as a liquid settles."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war (s1-l15)","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"gleich","lemma":"gleich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on darauf","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"darauf","lemma":"darauf","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war (s1-l15)","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on klärte","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"klärte","lemma":"klären","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the als-clause","gloss":"cleared"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on klärte","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Mischung","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mischung","lemma":"Mischung","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on klärte","gloss":"mixture"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"alkestis-s1-l15","source":"war Stille; nur mit einem Satz am Boden","translation":"there was silence; only with a sediment at the bottom","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ein Satz am Boden","title":"Satz meaning sediment","body":"Satz has several meanings; paired with am Boden, 'at the bottom', it means the 'dregs, lees, sediment' that settle out of a liquid. The same noun elsewhere means 'leap' or 'sentence', but here it names what is left after a mixture clears."}],"words":[{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Stille","lemma":"Stille","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"silence"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Satz","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Satz","lemma":"Satz","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"sediment"},{"surface":"am","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Satz","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"Boden","lemma":"Boden","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on am","gloss":"bottom"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"alkestis-s1-l16","source":"von trübem Lärm und einem Niederschlag","translation":"of murky noise and a precipitate","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ein Niederschlag","title":"Precipitate from a settling mixture","body":"Niederschlag names what settles or precipitates out of a mixture, like sediment or fallout. Trübem Lärm means 'murky, cloudy noise'. Together the phrase treats the feast's noise as a cloudiness that drops out as residue."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Satz (s1-l15)","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"trübem","lemma":"trüb","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Lärm","gloss":"murky"},{"surface":"Lärm","lemma":"Lärm","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"noise"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Lärm","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Niederschlag","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Niederschlag","lemma":"Niederschlag","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"precipitate"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"alkestis-s1-l17","source":"fallenden Lallens, schon verdorben riechend","translation":"of falling babble, already smelling spoiled","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fallenden Lallens","title":"Nominalized verb for babble","body":"Lallen means 'to babble, slur one's words', the speech of someone very drunk; das Lallen turns it into a noun, 'the babbling'. Fallenden Lallens is genitive, 'of falling babble', continuing the chain of genitives after Niederschlag. Verdorben riechend means 'smelling spoiled'."}],"words":[{"surface":"fallenden","lemma":"fallend","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lallens","gloss":"falling"},{"surface":"Lallens","lemma":"Lallen","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Niederschlag (s1-l16)","gloss":"babble"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verdorben","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"verdorben","lemma":"verderben","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on riechend","gloss":"spoiled"},{"surface":"riechend","lemma":"riechen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"depends on Satz (s1-l15)","gloss":"smelling"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"alkestis-s1-l18","source":"nach dumpfem umgestandenen Gelächter.","translation":"of dull, stagnant laughter gone stale.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"umgestandenen Gelächter","title":"Gone stale like standing liquid","body":"Umgestanden, from umstehen, describes a liquid that has stood too long and gone flat or stale. Applied to Gelächter, 'laughter', it treats the merriment as something that has sat and soured. Dumpf means 'dull, muffled, musty'; nach, 'of', governs this phrase from riechend in the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on riechend (s1-l17)","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dumpfem","lemma":"dumpf","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gelächter","gloss":"dull"},{"surface":"umgestandenen","lemma":"umgestanden","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gelächter","gloss":"gone stale"},{"surface":"Gelächter","lemma":"Gelächter","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"laughter"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"alkestis-s1-l19","source":"Und da erkannten sie den schlanken Gott,","translation":"And then they knew the slender god,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"erkannten","title":"Recognizing through the prefix er","body":"Erkennen means 'to recognize, perceive, make out', stronger than plain kennen, 'to know'; the prefix er- marks arriving at knowledge. Da erkannten sie means 'then they recognized'. Der schlanke Gott, 'the slender god', is the disguised messenger named at last."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on erkannten","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erkannten","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"erkannten","lemma":"erkennen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on erkannten","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"schlanken","lemma":"schlank","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"slender"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erkannten","gloss":"god"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"alkestis-s1-l20","source":"und wie er dastand, innerlich voll Sendung","translation":"and how he stood there, inwardly full of mission,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l20.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dastand","title":"Separable verb sent to clause end","body":"Dastehen, 'to stand there', splits apart in a main clause, but the wie-clause wie er dastand keeps the verb whole at the end. Die Sendung means 'mission, errand, what one is sent to do', from senden, 'to send'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to erkannten (s1-l19)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on dastand","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on dastand","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"dastand","lemma":"dastehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the wie-clause; depends on erkannten (s1-l19)","gloss":"stood there"},{"surface":"innerlich","lemma":"innerlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"inwardly"},{"surface":"voll","lemma":"voll","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative adjective describing er; depends on dastand","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"Sendung","lemma":"Sendung","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"mission"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"alkestis-s1-l21","source":"und unerbittlich,–wußten sie es beinah.","translation":"and inexorable,—they knew it almost.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unerbittlich","title":"Inexorable, unable to be begged","body":"Unerbittlich means 'inexorable, relentless, not to be entreated', built on erbitten, 'to obtain by asking'. The source text runs a comma directly into a dash with no space, which merges this word with the next, wußten, into one token in the parse."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"unerbittlich,–wußten","lemma":"unerbittlich; wissen","morphology":"adjective (unerbittlich) + verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural (wußten), fused into one token","role":"unerbittlich depends on dastand (s1-l20); wußten is the verb of the following clause","gloss":"inexorable — knew","note":"The source has no space after the dash, so the tokenizer fused two separate words: unerbittlich (\"inexorable\"), closing the description of the god, and wußten (\"knew\"), which begins the next clause with sie."},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on unerbittlich,–wußten","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on unerbittlich,–wußten","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"beinah","lemma":"beinah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on unerbittlich,–wußten","gloss":"almost"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"alkestis-s1-l22","source":"Und doch, als es gesagt war, war es mehr","translation":"And yet, once it was spoken, it was more","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l22.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als es gesagt war","title":"Als marks a single past event","body":"Here als is the conjunction 'when, once', marking a single past event rather than a comparison, and it sends the verb to the clause end: als es gesagt war means 'once it had been spoken'. Es war gesagt is the passive of sagen, 'to say'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war (main clause)","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war (main clause)","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on war (subordinate clause)","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war (subordinate clause)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"gesagt","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on war (subordinate clause)","gloss":"spoken"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the als-clause, forms the passive with gesagt","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war (main clause)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war (main clause)","gloss":"more"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"alkestis-s1-l23","source":"als alles Wissen, gar nicht zu begreifen.","translation":"than all knowing, not to be grasped at all.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gar nicht zu begreifen","title":"An infinitive with passive meaning","body":"Zu begreifen with no subject carries a passive sense, 'to be grasped, comprehensible'. Gar nicht zu begreifen means 'not at all to be grasped'. Gar nicht intensifies the negative, meaning 'not in the least'."}],"words":[{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"depends on mehr (s1-l22)","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Wissen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Wissen","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"gar","lemma":"gar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on begreifen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on begreifen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"begreifen","lemma":"begreifen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on war (s1-l22, main clause)","gloss":"grasped"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"alkestis-s1-l24","source":"Admet muß sterben. Wann? In dieser Stunde.","translation":"Admetos must die. When? In this very hour.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s1-l24.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Admet","lemma":"Admet","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of muß","gloss":"Admetos"},{"surface":"muß","lemma":"müssen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"sterben","lemma":"sterben","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on muß","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"Wann","lemma":"wann","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"dieser","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stunde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Stunde","lemma":"Stunde","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on In","gloss":"hour"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"alkestis-s2-l1","source":"Der aber brach die Schale seines Schreckens","translation":"But he broke the shell of his terror","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Der aber","title":"Der used as a pronoun","body":"Der opens the stanza as a stressed demonstrative pronoun meaning 'he, that one', referring to Admetos, not as an article. German can begin a sentence with der, die, or das to mean 'he, she, it' with emphasis. Die Schale means 'shell, husk, bowl'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on brach","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on brach","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"brach","lemma":"brechen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Schale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schale","lemma":"Schale","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on brach","gloss":"shell"},{"surface":"seines","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schreckens","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Schreckens","lemma":"Schrecken","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schale","gloss":"terror"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"alkestis-s2-l2","source":"in Stücken ab und streckte seine Hände","translation":"to pieces and stretched out his hands","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"brach … ab","title":"Separable verb split across lines","body":"The verb here is abbrechen, 'to break off, snap off', split across the line break: brach die Schale in Stücken ab means 'broke the shell off in pieces'. The prefix ab- lands at the start of this line. In Stücken means 'in pieces, to bits'."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on brach (s2-l1)","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Stücken","lemma":"Stück","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"particle","role":"separable prefix of abbrechen; depends on brach (s2-l1)","gloss":"off"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"streckte","lemma":"strecken","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Hände","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Hände","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on streckte","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"alkestis-s2-l3","source":"heraus aus ihr, um mit dem Gott zu handeln.","translation":"out of it, to bargain with the god.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um … zu handeln","title":"Um plus zu for purpose","body":"Um ... zu plus an infinitive expresses purpose: um mit dem Gott zu handeln means 'in order to deal with the god'. Handeln means both 'to act' and 'to trade, haggle'. Heraus aus ihr means 'out of it', referring back to the shell."}],"words":[{"surface":"heraus","lemma":"heraus","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on streckte (s2-l2)","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on handeln","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on handeln","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"handeln","lemma":"handeln","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on um","gloss":"bargain"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"alkestis-s2-l4","source":"Um Jahre, um ein einzig Jahr noch Jugend,","translation":"For years, for one single year more of youth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Um Jahre, um …","title":"Um means for in bargaining","body":"In haggling, um means 'for', naming the amount bargained over: um Jahre means 'for years'. Ein einzig Jahr drops the ending of einziges, 'single', for the meter, giving 'one single year'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3)","gloss":"for","note":"um here means \"in exchange for\": the father lists what he will not trade to buy back Admetos's life, continuing the bargain begun in the previous line."},{"surface":"Jahre","lemma":"Jahr","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Um","gloss":"years"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3), coordinate with the first um","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Jahr","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"einzig","lemma":"einzig","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on Jahr","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"Jahr","lemma":"Jahr","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Jugend","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"Jugend","lemma":"Jugend","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Jahr","gloss":"youth"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"alkestis-s2-l5","source":"um Monate, um Wochen, um paar Tage,","translation":"for months, for weeks, for a few days,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Monate","lemma":"Monat","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on um","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Wochen","lemma":"Woche","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on um","gloss":"weeks"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"paar","lemma":"paar","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Tage","gloss":"a few"},{"surface":"Tage","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on um","gloss":"days"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"alkestis-s2-l6","source":"ach, Tage nicht, um Nächte, nur um eine,","translation":"ah, not days, for nights, only for one,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ach","lemma":"ach","morphology":"interjection","role":"precedes Tage","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"Tage","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on Tage","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Nächte","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on um","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on um","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"alkestis-s2-l7","source":"um eine Nacht, um diese nur: um die.","translation":"for one night, for this one only: for this.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um diese nur: um die","title":"A stressed demonstrative pronoun","body":"The bare die at the end of the line is a stressed demonstrative, 'this one, that very one', not an article, since it has no noun attached. Um diese nur, um die means 'for this one only, for this'."}],"words":[{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"diese","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"this one"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on diese","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on handeln (s2-l3)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"this one"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"alkestis-s2-l8","source":"Der Gott verneinte, und da schrie er auf","translation":"The god said no, and then he cried out","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"schrie … auf","title":"Separable verb aufschreien","body":"Aufschreien, 'to cry out, scream out', splits apart: da schrie er auf means 'then he cried out', with the prefix auf- placed at the end of the line. Verneinen means 'to deny, say no, refuse', from nein, 'no'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on verneinte","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"verneinte","lemma":"verneinen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said no"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on verneinte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schrie","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"schrie","lemma":"schreien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schrie","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"particle","role":"separable prefix of aufschreien; depends on schrie","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"alkestis-s2-l9","source":"und schrie's hinaus und hielt es nicht und schrie,","translation":"and screamed it out and could not hold it and screamed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"schrie's hinaus","title":"Clitic 's fuses onto a verb","body":"Schrie's is schrie es, 'screamed it', with es contracted onto the verb as 's, a colloquial form Rilke keeps for meter and speed. The verb is separable hinausschreien, 'to scream out', with the prefix hinaus- at the line's end."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"schrie's","lemma":"schreien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular (with clitic 's = es)","role":"coordinate main verb, depends on und","gloss":"screamed it","note":"schrie's = schrie es (\"screamed it\"), with the object pronoun contracted onto the verb."},{"surface":"hinaus","lemma":"hinaus","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schrie's","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hielt","lemma":"halten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"schrie","lemma":"schreien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"screamed"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"alkestis-s2-l10","source":"wie seine Mutter aufschrie beim Gebären.","translation":"as his mother cried out in giving birth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s2-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"beim Gebären","title":"Beim plus nominalized infinitive","body":"Beim, short for bei dem, plus a capitalized infinitive describes an action in progress, 'while doing something'. Das Gebären turns gebären, 'to give birth', into a noun, so beim Gebären means 'in giving birth, while bearing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on aufschrie","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Mutter","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Mutter","lemma":"Mutter","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aufschrie","gloss":"mother"},{"surface":"aufschrie","lemma":"aufschreien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the wie-clause (comparison)","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"beim","lemma":"bei","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufschrie","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gebären","lemma":"gebären","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on beim","gloss":"giving birth"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"alkestis-s3-l1","source":"Und die trat zu ihm, eine alte Frau,","translation":"And she stepped up to him, an old woman,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Und die trat zu ihm","title":"Die as demonstrative subject","body":"Die here is a stressed demonstrative pronoun meaning 'she, that one', naming the mother, given in apposition as eine alte Frau, 'an old woman'. Trat zu ihm comes from separable zutreten, 'to step up to', with zu taking the dative ihm, 'to him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on trat","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on trat","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"trat","lemma":"treten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on trat","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frau","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frau","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Frau","lemma":"Frau","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on trat","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"alkestis-s3-l2","source":"und auch der Vater kam, der alte Vater,","translation":"and the father came too, the old father,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Vater","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Vater","lemma":"Vater","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"father"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Vater","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Vater","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Vater","lemma":"Vater","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to the first Vater in this line","gloss":"father"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"alkestis-s3-l3","source":"und beide standen, alt, veraltet, ratlos,","translation":"and both stood, old, outworn, at a loss,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"veraltet","title":"From old to outworn","body":"Alt means 'old'; veraltet, from veralten, 'to grow obsolete', means 'outdated, antiquated', past mere age and past usefulness. Ratlos means 'at a loss, helpless', literally 'without counsel'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on standen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beide","lemma":"beide","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on standen","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"standen","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"alt","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative, depends on standen","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"veraltet","lemma":"veralten","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"predicative, depends on standen, parallel to alt","gloss":"outworn"},{"surface":"ratlos","lemma":"ratlos","morphology":"adjective","role":"predicative, depends on standen, parallel to alt and veraltet","gloss":"at a loss"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"alkestis-s3-l4","source":"beim Schreienden, der plötzlich, wie noch nie","translation":"beside the screaming man, who suddenly, as never before","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"beim Schreienden","title":"A participle used as a noun","body":"Der Schreiende is the present participle of schreien, 'to scream', used as a noun meaning 'the one who is screaming'. After bei, 'beside', it takes the dative form beim Schreienden. Wie noch nie means 'as never before'."}],"words":[{"surface":"beim","lemma":"bei","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on standen (s3-l3)","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Schreienden","lemma":"Schreiende","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on beim","gloss":"screaming man"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ansah and the following verbs (s3-l5)","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ansah (s3-l5)","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nie","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nie","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"nie","lemma":"nie","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wie; modifies ansah (s3-l5)","gloss":"never"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"alkestis-s3-l5","source":"so nah, sie ansah, abbrach, schluckte, sagte:","translation":"so near, looked at them, broke off, swallowed, said:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sie ansah, abbrach, schluckte, sagte","title":"A string of bare past verbs","body":"Four past-tense verbs appear with no conjunctions between them: ansah, 'looked at', from separable ansehen; abbrach, 'broke off'; schluckte, 'swallowed'; sagte, 'said'. Sie, 'them', is the shared object of ansah. Sagte introduces the direct speech after the colon."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nah","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nah","lemma":"nah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ansah","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on ansah","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"ansah","lemma":"ansehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"first of a series of coordinate verbs; subject is der (s3-l4)","gloss":"looked at"},{"surface":"abbrach","lemma":"abbrechen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on ansah","gloss":"broke off"},{"surface":"schluckte","lemma":"schlucken","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on ansah","gloss":"swallowed"},{"surface":"sagte","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence, introduces the direct speech that follows","gloss":"said"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"alkestis-s3-l6","source":"Vater,","translation":"Father,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Vater","lemma":"Vater","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular (vocative address)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Father"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"alkestis-s3-l7","source":"liegt dir denn viel daran an diesem Rest,","translation":"do you really care so much about this remnant,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"liegt dir … daran","title":"Idiom for caring about something","body":"Mir liegt an etwas is the idiom 'it matters to me, I care about it'. The dative dir, 'to you', names who cares, while daran and an diesem Rest both point to what is cared about, 'this remnant'. Denn is a particle marking a real, pressing question."}],"words":[{"surface":"liegt","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"matters"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"dir","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on liegt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on liegt","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"viel","lemma":"viel","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on daran","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"daran","lemma":"daran","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on liegt","gloss":"about it","note":"Idiom: (jemandem) liegt daran = \"it matters to (someone).\""},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on liegt","gloss":"about"},{"surface":"diesem","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Rest","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Rest","lemma":"Rest","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"remnant"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"alkestis-s3-l8","source":"an diesem Satz, der dich beim Schlingen hindert?","translation":"this sediment that gets in the way of your gulping?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"diesem Satz","title":"Satz meaning sediment again","body":"Satz here again means 'dregs, sediment', as earlier in the poem. Der dich beim Schlingen hindert means 'that hinders you in gulping'. Schlingen means 'to gulp, gobble, gorge'."}],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"diesem","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Satz","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Satz","lemma":"Satz","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"sediment","note":"Satz here means the dregs/sediment left in a cup, not its common sense 'sentence'."},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hindert","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dich","lemma":"dich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on hindert","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"beim","lemma":"bei","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hindert","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"Schlingen","lemma":"Schlingen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on beim","gloss":"gulping"},{"surface":"hindert","lemma":"hindern","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"modifies Satz","gloss":"hinders"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"alkestis-s3-l9","source":"Geh, gieß ihn weg. Und du, du alte Frau,","translation":"Go, pour it out. And you, you old woman,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gieß ihn weg","title":"Imperative of weggießen","body":"Gieß ... weg is the du-form imperative of weggießen, 'to pour away, pour out', with the prefix weg-, 'away', placed at the end. Ihn, masculine accusative, refers back to der Rest or der Satz from the lines before."}],"words":[{"surface":"Geh","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"gieß","lemma":"gießen","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pour"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"ihn","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on gieß","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"weg","lemma":"weg","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gieß","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on du","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on Frau","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"alte","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frau","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Frau","lemma":"Frau","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on du","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"alkestis-s3-l10","source":"Matrone,","translation":"matron,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Matrone","title":"A formal, ceremonial title","body":"Matrone means 'matron', a dignified married or elderly woman, with a formal, ceremonial tone. It stands alone on its own line as a second address to the mother, after du alte Frau."}],"words":[{"surface":"Matrone","lemma":"Matrone","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"matron"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"alkestis-s3-l11","source":"was tust du denn noch hier: du hast geboren.","translation":"what are you still doing here: you have given birth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"du hast geboren","title":"Present perfect with haben","body":"Du hast geboren is the present perfect of gebären, 'to bear, give birth': 'you have given birth'. German forms this tense with haben plus a past participle at the end of the clause. The particle denn in was tust du denn noch hier adds emphasis, not a literal meaning."}],"words":[{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on tust","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"tust","lemma":"tun","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are doing"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on tust","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tust","gloss":"then","note":"Flavoring particle adding rhetorical emphasis; not translated word-for-word."},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tust","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tust","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on hast","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hast","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"geboren","lemma":"gebären","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hast","gloss":"given birth"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"alkestis-s3-l12","source":"Und beide hielt er sie wie Opfertiere","translation":"And he held them both like sacrificial beasts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Opfertiere","title":"Compound noun for sacrificial animal","body":"Opfertiere compounds das Opfer, 'sacrifice, victim', and das Tier, 'animal', giving 'sacrificial animals'. Beide and sie both refer to the same pair, doubling the object of hielt, 'held', for stress: 'both of them he held'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beide","lemma":"beide","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"hielt","lemma":"halten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Opfertiere","lemma":"Opfertier","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"sacrificial beasts"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"alkestis-s3-l13","source":"in einem Griff. Auf einmal ließ er los","translation":"in a single grip. All at once he let go","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ließ … los","title":"Separable verb loslassen","body":"Loslassen, 'to let go, release', splits in a main clause. Ließ er los means 'he let go', with the prefix los- pushed to the end of the clause. Auf einmal is the fixed phrase 'all at once, suddenly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Griff","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Griff","lemma":"Griff","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"grip"},{"surface":"Auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Auf","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"ließ","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"los","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"go"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"alkestis-s3-l14","source":"und stieß die Alten fort, voll Einfall, strahlend","translation":"and thrust the old ones away, full of a sudden idea, radiant","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"voll Einfall","title":"Noun from einfallen","body":"Der Einfall, 'a sudden idea, a brainwave', comes from einfallen, 'to occur to one'. Voll Einfall means 'full of a sudden idea'. Stieß die Alten fort is the separable verb fortstoßen, 'to shove away', with fort at the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stieß","lemma":"stoßen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thrust"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Alten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Alten","lemma":"alte","morphology":"noun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"old ones"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"voll","lemma":"voll","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"full of"},{"surface":"Einfall","lemma":"Einfall","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"idea"},{"surface":"strahlend","lemma":"strahlen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"radiant"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"alkestis-s3-l15","source":"und atemholend, rufend: Kreon, Kreon!","translation":"and drawing breath, calling: Kreon, Kreon!","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l15.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"atemholend","lemma":"atemholen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"drawing breath"},{"surface":"rufend","lemma":"rufen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"calling"},{"surface":"Kreon","lemma":"Kreon","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on rufend","gloss":"Kreon"},{"surface":"Kreon","lemma":"Kreon","morphology":"proper noun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on Kreon","gloss":"Kreon"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"alkestis-s3-l16","source":"Und nichts als das; und nichts als diesen Namen.","translation":"And nothing but that; and nothing but this name.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nichts als","title":"This phrase means only","body":"Nichts als means 'nothing but, only'. Diesen Namen is accusative because it follows als; der Name is a weak masculine noun, adding -n in every case but the nominative, so Name becomes Namen here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on nichts","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on das","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on nichts","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"depends on und","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Namen","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"diesen","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Namen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Namen","lemma":"Name","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"name"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"alkestis-s3-l17","source":"Aber in seinem Antlitz stand das andere,","translation":"But in his face stood the other thing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Antlitz","title":"Literary word for face","body":"Das Antlitz is an elevated, literary word for 'face, countenance'; everyday German uses das Gesicht. Das andere means 'the other thing'. Stand, 'stood', describes an expression fixed on a face."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Antlitz","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Antlitz","lemma":"Antlitz","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"stand","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on andere","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"andere","lemma":"anderer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"other thing"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"alkestis-s3-l18","source":"das er nicht sagte, namenlos erwartend,","translation":"which he did not say, awaiting it namelessly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l18.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on sagte","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sagte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sagte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sagte","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"namenlos","lemma":"namenlos","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erwartend","gloss":"namelessly"},{"surface":"erwartend","lemma":"erwarten","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sagte","gloss":"awaiting"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"alkestis-s3-l19","source":"wie ers dem jungen Freunde, dem Geliebten,","translation":"as he, glowing, held it out across the cluttered table","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dem jungen Freunde, dem Geliebten","title":"Dative indirect object","body":"Dem jungen Freunde and dem Geliebten are both dative, 'to the young friend, the beloved', the indirect object of a verb completed on the next line. Freunde keeps an older dative ending in -e. Der Geliebte, 'the beloved one', is an adjective used as a noun. Ers fuses er and es, 'he it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on hinhielt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ers","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative + accusative, contraction of 'er' + 'es' (he + it)","role":"subject and object of hinhielt","gloss":"he it","note":"Contraction of 'er' (he) + clitic 's' (=es, 'it'), common in spoken/poetic German."},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Freunde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jungen","lemma":"jung","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Freunde","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"Freunde","lemma":"Freund","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Geliebten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Geliebten","lemma":"geliebter","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Freunde","gloss":"beloved"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"alkestis-s3-l20","source":"erglühend hinhielt übern wirren Tisch.","translation":"to the young friend, the beloved.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s3-l20.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hinhielt übern wirren Tisch","title":"Separable verb in subordinate clause","body":"Hinhalten, 'to hold out, offer toward', splits in a main clause but stays together at the end of this wie-clause: wie ers hinhielt means 'as he held it out'. Erglühend, 'glowing', is a present participle. Übern contracts über den, 'over the'."}],"words":[{"surface":"erglühend","lemma":"erglühen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hinhielt","gloss":"glowing"},{"surface":"hinhielt","lemma":"hinhalten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"held out"},{"surface":"übern","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hinhielt","gloss":"across","note":"Contraction of 'über' + 'den' (over + the)."},{"surface":"wirren","lemma":"wirr","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tisch","gloss":"cluttered"},{"surface":"Tisch","lemma":"Tisch","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on übern","gloss":"table"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"alkestis-s4-l1","source":"Die Alten (stand da), siehst du, sind kein Loskauf,","translation":"The old ones (it stood there), you see, are no ransom,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kein Loskauf","title":"Noun from loskaufen","body":"Der Loskauf, 'ransom, redemption', comes from loskaufen, 'to buy free, redeem'. Kein Loskauf means 'no ransom'. Stand da is a parenthetical, 'it stood there', and siehst du means 'you see'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Alten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Alten","lemma":"alte","morphology":"noun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"old ones"},{"surface":"stand","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"siehst","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"kein","lemma":"kein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Loskauf","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Loskauf","lemma":"Loskauf","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"ransom"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"alkestis-s4-l2","source":"sie sind verbraucht und schlecht und beinah wertlos,","translation":"they are used up and bad and nearly worthless,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verbraucht","title":"Past participle used as adjective","body":"Verbraucht is the past participle of verbrauchen, 'to use up, consume', used here as an adjective meaning 'used up, worn out'. It is joined by und to schlecht, 'bad', and beinah wertlos, 'nearly worthless'. Beinah means 'nearly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"verbraucht","lemma":"verbrauchen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"used up"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on verbraucht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"schlecht","lemma":"schlecht","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on und","gloss":"bad"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on schlecht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"beinah","lemma":"beinah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wertlos","gloss":"nearly"},{"surface":"wertlos","lemma":"wertlos","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on und","gloss":"worthless"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"alkestis-s4-l3","source":"du aber, du, in deiner ganzen Schönheit–","translation":"but you, you, in all your beauty—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"du aber, du","title":"Repeated pronoun for contrast","body":"The doubled du, 'you', with the contrastive aber, 'but, however', shifts the address from one subject to another. The line ends on a dash after Schönheit, 'beauty', leaving the sentence unfinished. The dash is kept as Rilke wrote it."}],"words":[{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on du","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on du","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"deiner","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Schönheit–","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"ganzen","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Schönheit–","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Schönheit–","lemma":"Schönheit","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"beauty"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"alkestis-s5-l1","source":"Da aber sah er seinen Freund nicht mehr.","translation":"But then he saw his friend no longer.","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nicht mehr","title":"No longer true","body":"Nicht mehr means 'no longer, not any more', implying something was true before and now is not. Da aber sah er ... nicht mehr means 'but then he saw ... no longer'. Aber marks a turn in the sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"seinen","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Freund","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Freund","lemma":"Freund","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"friend"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"alkestis-s5-l2","source":"Er blieb zurück, und das, was kam, war sie,","translation":"He stayed behind, and what came was she,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"blieb zurück","title":"Separable verb zurückbleiben","body":"Zurückbleiben, 'to stay behind, remain', splits in a main clause: er blieb zurück means 'he stayed behind', with zurück at the end. Das, was kam, war sie uses a cleft construction, 'that which came was she', putting weight on sie, 'she', at the end of the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on blieb","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"blieb","lemma":"bleiben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"zurück","lemma":"zurück","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on blieb","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on blieb","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"modifies das","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"she"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"alkestis-s5-l3","source":"ein wenig kleiner fast, als er sie kannte,","translation":"a little smaller, almost, than he had known her,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on wenig","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"wenig","lemma":"wenig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kleiner","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"kleiner","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, comparative","role":"depends on war","gloss":"smaller"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kleiner","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kannte","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kannte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on kannte","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"kannte","lemma":"kennen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on kleiner","gloss":"had known"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"alkestis-s5-l4","source":"und leicht und traurig in dem bleichen Brautkleid.","translation":"and light and sad in the pale bridal gown.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Brautkleid","title":"Compound noun for wedding dress","body":"Das Brautkleid compounds die Braut, 'bride', and das Kleid, 'dress', giving 'wedding dress, bridal gown'. Bleich means 'pale, wan'. Leicht, 'light', and traurig, 'sad', both describe the same subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"leicht","lemma":"leicht","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on und","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on leicht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"traurig","lemma":"traurig","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on und","gloss":"sad"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on traurig","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Brautkleid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"bleichen","lemma":"bleich","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Brautkleid","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"Brautkleid","lemma":"Brautkleid","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"bridal gown"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"alkestis-s5-l5","source":"Die andern alle sind nur ihre Gasse,","translation":"All the others are only her lane,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ihre Gasse","title":"Gasse as a parted path","body":"Die Gasse is a narrow 'lane, alley', and also names the lane a crowd opens when it parts, as in the phrase eine Gasse bilden. Ihre Gasse means 'her lane'. Die andern alle sind nur ihre Gasse means 'all the others are only her lane'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"depends on andern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"andern","lemma":"anderer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on andern","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Gasse","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"ihre","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gasse","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Gasse","lemma":"Gasse","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"lane"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"alkestis-s5-l6","source":"durch die sie kommt und kommt–: (gleich wird sie da sein","translation":"through which she comes and comes—: (in a moment she will be there","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kommt und kommt","title":"Repeated verb for ongoing action","body":"Repeating a verb, kommt und kommt, 'comes and comes, keeps coming', stretches the action out over time. Gleich here is a time adverb, 'in a moment, right away'. Wird sie da sein is the future tense, 'she will be there'."}],"words":[{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"kommt","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kommt–","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"gleich","lemma":"gleich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sein","gloss":"in a moment"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on sein","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sein","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"alkestis-s5-l7","source":"in seinen Armen, die sich schmerzhaft auftun).","translation":"in his arms, which painfully open).","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die sich … auftun","title":"Reflexive separable verb at clause end","body":"Sich auftun, 'to open up, open out', is both reflexive and separable. In the relative clause die sich schmerzhaft auftun, the whole verb moves to the end: 'which open themselves painfully'. Schmerzhaft means 'painfully'."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sein","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"seinen","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Armen","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Armen","lemma":"Arm","morphology":"noun, dative, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on auftun","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on auftun","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"schmerzhaft","lemma":"schmerzhaft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on auftun","gloss":"painfully"},{"surface":"auftun","lemma":"auftun","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"open"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"alkestis-s5-l8","source":"Doch wie er wartet, spricht sie; nicht zu ihm.","translation":"Yet as he waits, she speaks; not to him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Doch wie er wartet","title":"Wie meaning as or while","body":"Wie here is temporal, meaning 'as, while', and sends the verb to the end of its clause: wie er wartet means 'as he waits'. Doch means 'yet, but'. Nicht zu ihm means 'not to him', using zu plus the dative ihm."}],"words":[{"surface":"Doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on spricht","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wartet","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wartet","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wartet","lemma":"warten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on spricht","gloss":"waits"},{"surface":"spricht","lemma":"sprechen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"speaks"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on spricht","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on spricht","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"alkestis-s5-l9","source":"Sie spricht zum Gotte, und der Gott vernimmt sie,","translation":"She speaks to the god, and the god hears her,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vernimmt","title":"Elevated verb for hearing","body":"Vernehmen, here vernimmt, is an elevated word for 'to hear, perceive, take in', more formal than hören. Zum Gotte is zu dem Gotte with an older dative ending in -e on Gott."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on spricht","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"spricht","lemma":"sprechen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"speaks"},{"surface":"zum","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on spricht","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Gotte","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zum","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on spricht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vernimmt","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"vernimmt","lemma":"vernehmen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hears"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on vernimmt","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"alkestis-s5-l10","source":"und alle hörens gleichsam erst im Gotte:","translation":"and all of them hear it, as it were, only in the god:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s5-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gleichsam","title":"A softening comparison word","body":"Gleichsam means 'as it were, so to speak', softening the claim that follows. Hörens fuses hören and the clitic 's, standing for es, 'it': 'hear it'. Erst here means 'only, not until'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hörens","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"aller","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on hörens","gloss":"all of them"},{"surface":"hörens","lemma":"hören","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural (+ 's' = es, 'it')","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hear it","note":"Contraction of 'hören' (hear) + clitic 's' (=es, 'it')."},{"surface":"gleichsam","lemma":"gleichsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hörens","gloss":"as it were"},{"surface":"erst","lemma":"erst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hörens","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hörens","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gotte","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"god"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"alkestis-s6-l1","source":"Ersatz kann keiner für ihn sein. Ich bins.","translation":"No one can be a substitute for him. I am.","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ersatz","title":"Noun for substitute","body":"Der Ersatz means 'substitute, replacement, stand-in'. Keiner means 'no one'. Ich bins fuses ich bin and the clitic 's, standing for es: 'I am it, I am the one'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ersatz","lemma":"Ersatz","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sein","gloss":"a substitute"},{"surface":"kann","lemma":"können","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"keiner","lemma":"keiner","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kann","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sein","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"ihn","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on für","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on kann","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bins","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"bins","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular (+ 's' = es, 'it')","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am","note":"Contraction of 'bin' (am) + clitic 's' (=es, 'it'); colloquial 'Ich bin's' = 'I am the one.'"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"alkestis-s6-l2","source":"Ich bin Ersatz. Denn keiner ist zu Ende,","translation":"I am the substitute. For no one is at an end,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zu Ende","title":"Idiom for being finished","body":"Zu Ende sein is the idiom 'to be at an end, finished, over'. Keiner ist zu Ende means 'no one is at an end'. Denn, 'for, because', is a coordinating conjunction, so it does not change the word order of the clause that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"bin","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"Ersatz","lemma":"Ersatz","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"the substitute"},{"surface":"Denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"keiner","lemma":"keiner","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Ende","lemma":"Ende","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"an end"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"alkestis-s6-l3","source":"wie ich es bin. Was bleibt mir denn von dem,","translation":"the way I am. For what is left to me of","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"the way"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"bin","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"Was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on bleibt","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"bleibt","lemma":"bleiben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is left"},{"surface":"mir","lemma":"mir","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on bleibt","gloss":"to me"},{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bleibt","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bleibt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"alkestis-s6-l4","source":"was ich hier war? Das ists ja, daß ich sterbe.","translation":"what I was here? That is just it, that I am dying.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Das ists ja, daß …","title":"Particle ja for emphasis","body":"Das ists ja fuses das ist and the clitic 's, standing for es, giving 'that is it'. Here ja means 'just, precisely', not 'yes'. Daß ich sterbe, 'that I am dying', is a subordinate clause with the verb at the end; daß is the older spelling of dass."}],"words":[{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ists","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ists","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular (+ 's' = es, 'it')","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is it","note":"Contraction of 'ist' (is) + clitic 's' (=es, 'it')."},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on ists","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on sterbe","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on sterbe","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sterbe","lemma":"sterben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on ists","gloss":"am dying"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"alkestis-s6-l5","source":"Hat sie dirs nicht gesagt, da sie dirs auftrug,","translation":"Did she not tell you, when she charged you with it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"da sie dirs auftrug","title":"Separable verb with da meaning when","body":"Auftragen, 'to charge, commission, entrust a task', splits in a main clause but stays whole at the end of this da-clause, where da means 'when': da sie dirs auftrug means 'when she charged you with it'. Dirs fuses dir and es, 'it to you'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hat","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"did"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hat","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"dirs","lemma":"dir","morphology":"pronoun, dative + accusative, contraction of 'dir' + 'es' (to you + it)","role":"depends on gesagt","gloss":"to you it","note":"Contraction of 'dir' (to you) + clitic 's' (=es, 'it')."},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on gesagt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gesagt","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on Hat","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on auftrug","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on auftrug","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"dirs","lemma":"dir","morphology":"pronoun, dative + accusative, contraction of 'dir' + 'es' (to you + it)","role":"depends on auftrug","gloss":"to you it","note":"Contraction of 'dir' (to you) + clitic 's' (=es, 'it')."},{"surface":"auftrug","lemma":"auftragen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on gesagt","gloss":"charged"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"alkestis-s6-l6","source":"daß jenes Lager, das da drinnen wartet,","translation":"that the bed that waits in there","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jenes Lager","title":"Noun for bed or resting place","body":"Das Lager means 'bed, couch, resting-place'. Jenes is the demonstrative 'that, yonder'. Das da drinnen wartet means 'that waits in there', describing Lager."}],"words":[{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on gehört","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"jenes","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lager","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Lager","lemma":"Lager","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on gehört","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wartet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wartet","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"drinnen","lemma":"drinnen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wartet","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"wartet","lemma":"warten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"modifies Lager","gloss":"waits"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"alkestis-s6-l7","source":"zur Unterwelt gehört? Ich nahm ja Abschied.","translation":"belongs to the underworld? I have taken my leave.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nahm … Abschied","title":"Set phrase for taking leave","body":"Abschied nehmen is the set phrase 'to take leave, say goodbye'; der Abschied means 'farewell, parting'. Ich nahm ja Abschied means 'I did take my leave', with ja adding emphasis. Zur Unterwelt gehören means 'to belong to the underworld', using zu plus the dative."}],"words":[{"surface":"zur","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gehört","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Unterwelt","lemma":"Unterwelt","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zur","gloss":"underworld"},{"surface":"gehört","lemma":"gehören","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the daß-clause","gloss":"belongs"},{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"nahm","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"indeed"},{"surface":"Abschied","lemma":"Abschied","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"leave"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"alkestis-s6-l8","source":"Abschied über Abschied.","translation":"Farewell upon farewell.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Abschied über Abschied","title":"Über for one upon another","body":"Abschied über Abschied uses über, 'over, upon', to stack one instance of a noun on another, here 'farewell upon farewell'. The phrase has no verb and stands alone on its own line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Abschied","lemma":"Abschied","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"farewell"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Abschied","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Abschied","lemma":"Abschied","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"farewell"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"alkestis-s6-l9","source":"Kein Sterbender nimmt mehr davon. Ich ging ja,","translation":"No dying person takes more of it than I. I went,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Kein Sterbender","title":"Participle used as a noun","body":"Der Sterbende is the present participle of sterben, 'to die', used as a noun meaning 'a dying person, one who is dying'. Davon means 'of it', referring back to Abschied. Ja in ich ging ja adds emphasis, not a new meaning."}],"words":[{"surface":"Kein","lemma":"kein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Sterbender","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Sterbender","lemma":"Sterbender","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"dying person"},{"surface":"nimmt","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"davon","lemma":"davon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"of it"},{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"indeed"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"alkestis-s6-l10","source":"damit das alles, unter dem begraben,","translation":"so that all of it, buried beneath which","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"damit","title":"A purpose conjunction sends verb last","body":"Damit is a subordinating conjunction meaning 'so that, in order that', and it sends the verb of its clause to the end. That verb, zergeht, appears two lines later. Unter dem begraben means 'buried beneath which'."}],"words":[{"surface":"damit","lemma":"damit","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on zergeht","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on alles","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zergeht","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"unter","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on begraben","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on unter","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"begraben","lemma":"begraben","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on alles","gloss":"buried"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"alkestis-s6-l11","source":"der jetzt mein Gatte ist, zergeht, sich auflöst–.","translation":"the one who is now my husband—may decay, dissolve—.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zergeht, sich auflöst","title":"Two verbs for dissolving","body":"Zergehen means 'to melt away, dissolve', and sich auflösen means 'to dissolve, break up, come undone'. Both verbs close the same subordinate clause. Der Gatte is an elevated word for 'husband, spouse'."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"mein","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gatte","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Gatte","lemma":"Gatte","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"husband"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on zergeht","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"zergeht","lemma":"zergehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"may decay"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on auflöst","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"alkestis-s6-l12","source":"So für mich hin: ich sterbe ja für ihn.","translation":"Like this, away into myself: for I die for him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s6-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"So für mich hin","title":"Idiom for speaking to oneself","body":"Vor sich hin is the idiom for speaking or acting to oneself, as in vor sich hin reden, 'to murmur to oneself'; Rilke writes für mich hin instead. So für mich hin means 'just like this, off into myself'. Ja in ich sterbe ja für ihn adds emphasis to the plain fact stated."}],"words":[{"surface":"So","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on für","gloss":"like this"},{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"mich","lemma":"mich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on für","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"hin","lemma":"hin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on für","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on sterbe","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sterbe","lemma":"sterben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sterbe","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sterbe","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"ihn","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on für","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"alkestis-s7-l1","source":"Und wie der Wind auf hoher See, der umspringt,","translation":"And as the wind on the high sea, which veers about,","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der umspringt","title":"Separable verb umspringen","body":"Umspringen, said of wind, means 'to shift, veer round suddenly'. It splits in a main clause but stays whole at the end of this relative clause: der umspringt, 'which veers about'. Auf hoher See is a fixed phrase, 'on the open sea', with an older strong adjective ending."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on Wind","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wind","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wind","lemma":"Wind","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Wind","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"hoher","lemma":"hoch","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on See","gloss":"high"},{"surface":"See","lemma":"See","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on umspringt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"umspringt","lemma":"umspringen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"modifies Wind","gloss":"veers about"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"alkestis-s7-l2","source":"so trat der Gott fast wie zu einer Toten","translation":"so the god stepped, almost as to a dead woman,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zu einer Toten","title":"Adjective used as a noun","body":"Die Tote, 'the dead woman', is an adjective used as a noun, here dative after zu: zu einer Toten means 'to a dead woman'. Fast wie means 'nearly as', conceding the comparison is not exact. Trat comes from treten, 'to step'."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on trat","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"trat","lemma":"treten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of trat","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on trat","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Toten","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Toten","lemma":"Tote","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"dead woman"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"alkestis-s7-l3","source":"und war auf einmal weit von ihrem Gatten,","translation":"and was all at once far from her husband,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"once","note":"auf einmal is an idiom meaning 'all at once, suddenly'."},{"surface":"weit","lemma":"weit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on weit","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ihrem","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gatten","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Gatten","lemma":"Gatte","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"husband"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"alkestis-s7-l4","source":"dem er, versteckt in einem kleinen Zeichen,","translation":"to whom he, hidden within a small sign,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dem er …","title":"Dative relative pronoun","body":"Dem is the dative relative pronoun 'to whom', referring back to an earlier noun. Its clause runs over two lines and ends with a verb on the next line. Versteckt in einem kleinen Zeichen means 'hidden in a small sign', versteckt being a past participle."}],"words":[{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zuwarf","gloss":"to whom","note":"Relative pronoun referring back to Gatten; it is the indirect object of zuwarf two lines later."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of zuwarf","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"versteckt","lemma":"verstecken","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on er","gloss":"hidden"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on versteckt","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Zeichen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kleinen","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Zeichen","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"Zeichen","lemma":"Zeichen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"sign"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"alkestis-s7-l5","source":"die hundert Leben dieser Erde zuwarf.","translation":"tossed the hundred lives of this earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zuwarf","title":"Separable verb zuwerfen","body":"Zuwerfen, 'to throw to, toss to someone', splits in a main clause, but here a relative clause sends it to the end: dem er ... zuwarf means 'to whom he tossed'. The prefix zu- marks throwing toward a recipient. Die hundert Leben dieser Erde means 'the hundred lives of this earth'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hundert","lemma":"hundert","morphology":"numeral","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"hundred"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on zuwarf","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"dieser","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Erde","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Erde","lemma":"Erde","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"zuwarf","lemma":"zuwerfen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tossed"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"alkestis-s7-l6","source":"Der stürzte taumelnd zu den beiden hin","translation":"He lurched, reeling, toward the two of them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"stürzte … hin","title":"Separable verb hinstürzen","body":"Hinstürzen, 'to rush toward, plunge headlong', splits: der stürzte ... hin means 'he plunged toward', with the prefix hin- at the end. Taumelnd, 'reeling, staggering', is a present participle. Der here is a demonstrative pronoun standing for 'he'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of stürzte","gloss":"He","note":"Demonstrative pronoun used as subject, referring back to der Gatte (the husband)."},{"surface":"stürzte","lemma":"stürzen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lurched"},{"surface":"taumelnd","lemma":"taumeln","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"depends on stürzte","gloss":"reeling"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stürzte","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on beiden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beiden","lemma":"beide","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"hin","lemma":"hin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stürzte","gloss":"toward","note":"zu ... hin is a directional pair meaning 'toward'."}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"alkestis-s7-l7","source":"und griff nach ihnen wie im Traum. Sie gingen","translation":"and grasped at them as if in a dream. They were already","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"griff nach ihnen","title":"Verb plus preposition greifen nach","body":"Greifen nach, 'to reach for, grasp at', takes nach with the dative, here ihnen, 'at them'. Wie im Traum means 'as in a dream'. Sie gingen begins a new sentence, using gehen in a durative sense, 'were going, walking on'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on griff","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"griff","lemma":"greifen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grasped"},{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on griff","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ihnen","lemma":"ihnen","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on griff","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Traum","lemma":"Traum","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"dream"},{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on gingen","gloss":"They"},{"surface":"gingen","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were moving","note":"gehen ... zu (completed in the next line) is a phrasal construction meaning 'to move toward'."}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"alkestis-s7-l8","source":"schon auf den Eingang zu, in dem die Frauen","translation":"moving toward the entrance, in which the women","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gingen … auf den Eingang zu","title":"Separable verb split by a phrase","body":"auf etwas zugehen, 'to walk toward something', is separable. Its parts frame the goal: auf den Eingang, 'toward the entrance', sits between auf and the closing zu. gingen ... zu together mean 'were walking toward'."}],"words":[{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gingen","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gingen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Eingang","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Eingang","lemma":"Eingang","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"entrance"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on drängten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Frauen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Frauen","lemma":"Frau","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of drängten","gloss":"women"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"alkestis-s7-l9","source":"verweint sich drängten. Aber einmal sah","translation":"crowded, tear-stained. But once","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verweint","title":"Adjective built on weinen","body":"verweint is an adjective built on weinen, 'to cry', describing a face red and swollen from crying, so 'tear stained'. sich drängen is the reflexive verb 'to crowd, to press together', describing the women in the doorway."}],"words":[{"surface":"verweint","lemma":"verweint","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on Frauen","gloss":"tear-stained"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on drängten","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"drängten","lemma":"drängen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crowded"},{"surface":"Aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"alkestis-s7-l10","source":"er noch des Mädchens Antlitz, das sich wandte","translation":"he saw once more the girl's face, which turned","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"des Mädchens Antlitz","title":"Genitive noun placed before its noun","body":"des Mädchens is the genitive of das Mädchen, 'the girl', meaning 'the girl's'. It is placed before its noun Antlitz, 'face', giving des Mädchens Antlitz, 'the girl's face', instead of the usual das Antlitz des Mädchens."}],"words":[{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sah","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchens","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mädchens","lemma":"Mädchen","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Antlitz","gloss":"girl's"},{"surface":"Antlitz","lemma":"Antlitz","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"face","note":"Antlitz is an elevated, archaic word for 'face' (Gesicht)."},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"wandte","lemma":"wenden","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"turned"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"alkestis-s7-l11","source":"mit einem Lächeln, hell wie eine Hoffnung,","translation":"with a smile, bright as a hope,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lächeln","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Lächeln","lemma":"Lächeln","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"hell","lemma":"hell","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on Lächeln","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hell","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hoffnung","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Hoffnung","lemma":"Hoffnung","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"hope"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"alkestis-s7-l12","source":"die beinah ein Versprechen war: erwachsen","translation":"that was almost a promise: grown,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ein Versprechen","title":"The noun for promise","body":"das Versprechen, 'a promise', comes from the verb versprechen, 'to promise'. It is nominative, following war, 'was': ein Versprechen war means 'was a promise'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"beinah","lemma":"beinah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Versprechen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Versprechen","lemma":"Versprechen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"promise"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"erwachsen","lemma":"erwachsen","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on zurückzukommen","gloss":"grown"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"alkestis-s7-l13","source":"zurückzukommen aus dem tiefen Tode","translation":"to come back out of the deep death","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zurückzukommen","title":"zu splits a separable infinitive","body":"zurückkommen, 'to come back, to return', is a separable verb. In a zu infinitive, zu goes between the prefix and the stem, giving zurück zu kommen, written as one word, zurückzukommen, 'to come back'."}],"words":[{"surface":"zurückzukommen","lemma":"zurückkommen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on Versprechen","gloss":"to come back"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on zurückzukommen","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tode","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"tiefen","lemma":"tief","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tode","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"Tode","lemma":"Tod","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"alkestis-s7-l14","source":"zu ihm, dem Lebenden–","translation":"to him, the living one—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s7-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dem Lebenden","title":"Adjective used as a noun","body":"der Lebende, 'the living one', is the adjective lebend, 'living', used as a noun, from the verb leben, 'to live'. Here it is dative, dem Lebenden, standing in apposition to ihm, 'to him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on zurückzukommen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Lebenden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Lebenden–","lemma":"Lebende","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ihm","gloss":"living one"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"alkestis-s8-l1","source":"Da schlug er jäh","translation":"Then abruptly he struck","stanza":8,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jäh","title":"Adverb for sudden","body":"jäh is an adverb meaning 'abrupt, sudden'. It describes how he struck, schlug, from schlagen, 'to strike, to beat': Da schlug er jäh means 'then he struck abruptly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schlug","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"schlug","lemma":"schlagen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"struck"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schlug","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"jäh","lemma":"jäh","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schlug","gloss":"abruptly"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"alkestis-s8-l2","source":"die Hände vors Gesicht, wie er so kniete,","translation":"his hands before his face, as he knelt there,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s8-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vors Gesicht","title":"vor takes the accusative for motion","body":"vors is short for vor das, 'before the'. vor takes the accusative case here, das Gesicht, 'the face', because the hands move to a new position rather than resting in one. vors Gesicht means 'before the face'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Hände","gloss":"his","note":"German uses the definite article with body parts where English uses a possessive ('the hands' = 'his hands')."},{"surface":"Hände","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on schlug","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"vors","lemma":"vor","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schlug","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"Gesicht","lemma":"Gesicht","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on vors","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kniete","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kniete","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kniete","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"kniete","lemma":"knien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the wie-clause","gloss":"knelt"}]},{"number":96,"label":"96","id":"alkestis-s8-l3","source":"um nichts zu sehen mehr nach diesem Lächeln.","translation":"so as to see nothing more after that smile.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/alkestis-s8-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um nichts … zu sehen mehr","title":"um zu states a purpose","body":"um plus an infinitive with zu states a purpose: um nichts zu sehen means 'in order to see nothing'. mehr, 'more', is placed after sehen for the line, so nichts ... mehr together mean 'nothing more'."}],"words":[{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sehen","gloss":"so as"},{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"depends on sehen","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sehen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sehen","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on schlug","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sehen","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sehen","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"diesem","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lächeln","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Lächeln","lemma":"Lächeln","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"smile"}]}]}