{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"corrida","title":{"source":"Corrida","translated":"Bullfight"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/corrida","lines":26},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/falkenbeize","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/don-juans-kindheit","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"corrida-s1-l1","source":"Seit er, klein beinah, aus dem Toril","translation":"Since he, almost small, out of the toril","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Toril","title":"The pen before the ring","body":"Toril is a Spanish loanword Rilke leaves untranslated, naming the pen beside the arena where a bull is held before release into the ring. It is capitalized only because German capitalizes every noun, not for special stress."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Seit","title":"Since opens a delayed clause","body":"seit, 'since, ever since', introduces a time clause. Here it governs ausbrach, 'broke out', in the simple past. The main clause verb, ist angewachsen, 'has grown', does not appear until the next stanza."}],"words":[{"surface":"Seit","lemma":"seit","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Since"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Seit","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"klein","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on er","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"beinah","lemma":"beinah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on klein","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ausbrach","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Toril","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Toril","lemma":"Toril","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"toril","note":"'Toril': the pen where a bull is held before entering the bullring."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"corrida-s1-l2","source":"ausbrach, aufgescheuchten Augs und Ohrs,","translation":"broke out, with startled eye and ear,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ausbrach","title":"A separable verb","body":"ausbrechen, 'to break out, burst forth', is separable: the prefix aus- detaches in main clauses. Here, inside the seit-clause, it appears as brach ... aus, split across the line break as aus dem Toril / ausbrach."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"aufgescheuchten Augs und Ohrs","title":"Genitive of manner","body":"aufgescheuchten Augs und Ohrs is an adverbial genitive meaning 'with startled eye and ear'. Augs and Ohrs are old shortened genitive singulars of Auge and Ohr. The phrase describes how the bull bursts from the pen, senses jolted into alarm."}],"words":[{"surface":"ausbrach","lemma":"ausbrechen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"broke out"},{"surface":"aufgescheuchten","lemma":"aufgescheucht","morphology":"adjective (participle), genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ausbrach","gloss":"startled"},{"surface":"Augs","lemma":"Auge","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aufgescheuchten","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Augs","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ohrs","lemma":"Ohr","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"ear"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"corrida-s1-l3","source":"und den Eigensinn des Picadors","translation":"and the obstinacy of the picador","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Eigensinn","title":"Own-sense, stubbornness","body":"Eigensinn is literally 'own-sense': stubbornness, willful self-insistence. It names a trait of the Picador, the mounted lancer, describing his dogged goading of the bull rather than any malice."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hinnahm","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Eigensinn","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Eigensinn","lemma":"Eigensinn","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"obstinacy"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Picadors","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Picadors","lemma":"Picador","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Eigensinn","gloss":"picador","note":"A picador is the mounted, lance-carrying bullfighter who wounds the bull's neck muscles early in the corrida."}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"corrida-s1-l4","source":"und die Bänderhaken wie im Spiel","translation":"and the ribboned barbs as if in play","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bänderhaken","title":"A coined compound","body":"Bänderhaken is a coined compound of Bänder, 'ribbons, streamers', and Haken, 'hooks, barbs': the beribboned banderillas driven into the bull's neck. wie im Spiel means 'as in play', naming the early passes of the fight."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hinnahm","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Bänderhaken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bänderhaken","lemma":"Bänderhaken","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"ribboned barbs","note":"'Bänderhaken': the ribbon-decked barbed sticks (banderillas) planted in the bull's neck."},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on im","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition, contraction of in + dem","role":"depends on Bänderhaken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Spiel","lemma":"Spiel","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"play"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"corrida-s2-l1","source":"hinnahm, ist die stürmische Gestalt","translation":"took upon himself, the storming shape has","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hinnahm","title":"Past of hinnehmen","body":"hinnahm is the past of the separable verb hinnehmen, 'to put up with, to take upon oneself'. It is the long delayed verb that closes the clause begun in line one: the bull took the picador's goading and the barbs before the main clause ist angewachsen opens."}],"words":[{"surface":"hinnahm","lemma":"hinnehmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the subordinate clause","gloss":"took upon himself"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gestalt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"stürmische","lemma":"stürmisch","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gestalt","gloss":"storming"},{"surface":"Gestalt","lemma":"Gestalt","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"shape"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"corrida-s2-l2","source":"angewachsen–sieh: zu welcher Masse,","translation":"swollen–look: into what a mass,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"angewachsen","title":"The delayed main verb","body":"The main verb finally appears: anwachsen, 'to swell, grow up', in the present perfect ist angewachsen, 'has grown'. The imperative sieh, 'look', breaks in mid line, joined to angewachsen by a dash in the source text, opening a separate command to the reader."}],"words":[{"surface":"angewachsen–sieh","lemma":"anwachsen; sehen","morphology":"verb, past participle (angewachsen) joined by a dash with an imperative verb (sieh)","role":"angewachsen completes ist (s2-l1) as a perfect tense; sieh opens a new imperative clause","gloss":"grown — look","note":"Two words are joined by a dash in the source text: 'angewachsen' completes 'ist...angewachsen' ('has grown'), while 'sieh' is a separate imperative ('look!') addressed to the reader."},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on angewachsen–sieh","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"welcher","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Masse","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"Masse","lemma":"Masse","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"mass"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"corrida-s2-l3","source":"aufgehäuft aus altem schwarzen Hasse,","translation":"heaped up out of old black hatred,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Hasse","title":"Dative after aus","body":"aus, 'out of', governs the dative; Hasse is the older dative form of Hass, 'hatred'. aufgehäuft aus altem schwarzen Hasse means 'heaped up out of old black hatred', describing what the bull's mass is made from."}],"words":[{"surface":"aufgehäuft","lemma":"aufhäufen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on Masse","gloss":"heaped up"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufgehäuft","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"altem","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Hasse","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"schwarzen","lemma":"schwarz","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Hasse","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"Hasse","lemma":"Hass","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"hatred"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"corrida-s2-l4","source":"und das Haupt zu einer Faust geballt,","translation":"and the head clenched into a fist,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zu einer Faust geballt","title":"Clenched into a fist","body":"ballen means to clench or knot together, as one clenches a fist in die Faust ballen. Here the bull's lowered Haupt, 'head', is clenched into a fist, comparing the animal's whole bearing to a raised weapon."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on geballt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Haupt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Haupt","lemma":"Haupt","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on geballt","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on geballt","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Faust","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Faust","lemma":"Faust","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"fist"},{"surface":"geballt","lemma":"ballen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on Haupt","gloss":"clenched"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"corrida-s3-l1","source":"nicht mehr spielend gegen irgendwen,","translation":"no longer playing against just anyone,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on spielend","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"spielend","lemma":"spielen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"depends on geballt","gloss":"playing"},{"surface":"gegen","lemma":"gegen","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on spielend","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"irgendwen","lemma":"irgendwer","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on gegen","gloss":"just anyone"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"corrida-s3-l2","source":"nein: die blutigen Nackenhaken hissend","translation":"no: hoisting the bloody barbs in his neck","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hissend","title":"Hoisting like a flag","body":"hissen means to hoist or run up, as one hoists a flag in die Flagge hissen. The present participle hissend turns the Nackenhaken, the barbs lodged in the bull's neck, into banners he raises as he moves."}],"words":[{"surface":"nein","lemma":"nein","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Nackenhaken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"blutigen","lemma":"blutig","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Nackenhaken","gloss":"bloody"},{"surface":"Nackenhaken","lemma":"Nackenhaken","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on hissend","gloss":"neck-barbs","note":"'Nackenhaken': the barbed hooks (banderillas) hoisted into the bull's neck."},{"surface":"hissend","lemma":"hissen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"hoisting"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"corrida-s3-l3","source":"hinter den gefällten Hörnern, wissend","translation":"behind the lowered horns, knowing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gefällten","title":"Lowered, like a felled tree","body":"fällen means to fell or bring down, as a tree or a lance. As the past participle gefällten, modifying Hörnern, it gives 'the lowered horns', dropped and aimed forward to charge."}],"words":[{"surface":"hinter","lemma":"hinter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wissend","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Hörnern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gefällten","lemma":"gefällt","morphology":"adjective (participle), dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Hörnern","gloss":"lowered"},{"surface":"Hörnern","lemma":"Horn","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on hinter","gloss":"horns"},{"surface":"wissend","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"depends on hissend","gloss":"knowing"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"corrida-s3-l4","source":"und von Ewigkeit her gegen den,","translation":"and from all eternity, against the one","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"von Ewigkeit her","title":"An old frame for origin","body":"The frame von ... her expresses origin in time or place; von Ewigkeit her means 'from eternity onward, from time immemorial'. It marks the bull's enmity as fixed before this fight, aimed at the single man named next by den."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wissend","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on und","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Ewigkeit","lemma":"Ewigkeit","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"eternity"},{"surface":"her","lemma":"her","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on von","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"gegen","lemma":"gegen","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on und","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"demonstrative pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on gegen","gloss":"the one"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"corrida-s4-l1","source":"der in Gold und mauver Rosaseide","translation":"who, in gold and mauve rose-silk,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mauver Rosaseide","title":"Dative ending on a color word","body":"Rosaseide means 'rose colored silk'; mauv, from French mauve, tints it toward pale violet. The dative ending -er on mauver follows the preposition in, describing the matador's costume of gold and silk."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on den","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on der","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gold","lemma":"Gold","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"gold"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Gold","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mauver","lemma":"mauve","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Rosaseide","gloss":"mauve"},{"surface":"Rosaseide","lemma":"Rosaseide","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"rose-silk"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"corrida-s4-l2","source":"plötzlich umkehrt und, wie einen Schwärm","translation":"suddenly turns, and, like a swarm","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"umkehrt","title":"A separable verb","body":"umkehren, 'to turn round, turn back', is separable; in this relative clause the prefix stays attached, giving der ... plötzlich umkehrt, 'who suddenly turns'. This pivot is the main verb of the clause describing the matador's move."}],"words":[{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on umkehrt","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"umkehrt","lemma":"umkehren","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates umkehrt with durchläßt (next stanza)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition (comparative)","role":"depends on durchläßt; introduces the comparison","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schwärm","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Schwärm","lemma":"Schwärm","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of wie; modified by Bienen (next line)","gloss":"swarm"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"corrida-s4-l3","source":"Bienen und als ob er's eben leide,","translation":"of bees, and as if he were only suffering it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als ob er's eben leide","title":"als ob takes the subjunctive","body":"als ob, 'as though', takes the subjunctive: leide is the present subjunctive of leiden, 'to suffer, endure'. als ob er's eben leide means 'as though he were merely enduring it', with er's contracting er es, 'he it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bienen","lemma":"Biene","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Schwärm (previous line)","gloss":"of bees"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates the wie-clause with the als ob clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"part of \"als ob\"; depends on leide","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on leide","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of leide","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"'s","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of leide","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"eben","lemma":"eben","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on leide","gloss":"merely"},{"surface":"leide","lemma":"leiden","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the als-ob clause","gloss":"were suffering"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"corrida-s4-l4","source":"den Bestürzten unter seinem Arm","translation":"lets the dismayed one pass beneath his arm,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"den Bestürzten","title":"An adjective used as a noun","body":"bestürzt means stunned, dismayed, taken aback; used as a noun, den Bestürzten, accusative, means 'the dismayed one', referring to the bull. The word is the grammatical object of durchläßt, the verb that opens the next stanza."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Bestürzten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bestürzten","lemma":"bestürzt","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of durchläßt (next stanza)","gloss":"dismayed one"},{"surface":"unter","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on durchläßt (next stanza)","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Arm","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Arm","lemma":"Arm","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on unter","gloss":"arm"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"corrida-s5-l1","source":"durchläßt,–während seine Blicke heiß","translation":"lets through,–while his glances, hot,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"durchläßt","title":"To let through","body":"durchläßt, modern durchlässt, is the separable verb durchlassen, 'to let through, let pass'. It supplies the verb the long relative clause has been building toward: the matador lets the bull pass under his arm. während, 'while', fuses onto this word and opens the next clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"durchläßt,–während","lemma":"durchlassen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence; während (fused into this token) introduces the subordinate clause about the glances lifting (s5-l2)","gloss":"lets through, while","note":"This token fuses two separate words joined by a dash with no space in the source text: durchläßt ('lets through') and während ('while')."},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Blicke","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Blicke","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of heben (next line)","gloss":"glances"},{"surface":"heiß","lemma":"heiß","morphology":"adjective, uninflected (postposed, describes Blicke)","role":"depends on Blicke","gloss":"hot"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"corrida-s5-l2","source":"sich noch einmal heben, leichtgelenkt,","translation":"lift once more, lightly guided,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich heben","title":"A reflexive verb","body":"sich heben, 'to rise, lift', is reflexive; its subject is seine Blicke, 'his glances', which sich noch einmal heben, 'lift once more'. leichtgelenkt, 'lightly guided', is a Rilke compound describing how that lift is controlled."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"depends on heben","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on einmal","gloss":"again","note":"\"noch einmal\" together is an idiom meaning 'once more, again.'"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on heben","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"heben","lemma":"heben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"lift"},{"surface":"leichtgelenkt","lemma":"lenken","morphology":"adjective (past participle), uninflected","role":"depends on heben","gloss":"lightly guided"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"corrida-s5-l3","source":"und als schlüge draußen jener Kreis","translation":"and as though out there that ring were striking","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als schlüge","title":"When als stands alone","body":"When als, 'as though', appears without ob, the verb moves directly after it in the subjunctive: als schlüge ... jener Kreis means 'as though that ring were striking'. schlüge is the past subjunctive of schlagen, continued by the separable prefix nieder in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on schlüge","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on schlüge","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"schlüge","lemma":"niederschlagen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the als-clause (subject: Kreis); separable prefix nieder appears in the next line","gloss":"were striking"},{"surface":"draußen","lemma":"draußen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schlüge","gloss":"out there"},{"surface":"jener","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Kreis","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Kreis","lemma":"Kreis","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of schlüge","gloss":"ring"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"corrida-s5-l4","source":"sich aus ihrem Glanz und Dunkel nieder","translation":"itself down out of their glitter and dark","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich … nieder","title":"A separated prefix returns","body":"The separated prefix nieder, 'down', belongs to schlagen from the line above: schlüge sich ... nieder means 'were beating itself down, settling down'. The full verb is niederschlagen, 'to beat down, to precipitate'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, reflexive","role":"depends on schlüge (previous line)","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schlüge (previous line)","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ihrem","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Glanz","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Glanz","lemma":"Glanz","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"glitter"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Glanz","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Dunkel","lemma":"Dunkel","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"nieder","lemma":"nieder","morphology":"adverb (separable prefix of niederschlagen; see schlüge)","role":"depends on schlüge (previous line)","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"corrida-s5-l5","source":"und aus jedem Schlagen seiner Lider,","translation":"and out of every beating of his lids,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on schlüge; coordinates second aus-phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schlüge","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"jedem","lemma":"jeder","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Schlagen","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Schlagen","lemma":"schlagen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"beating"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Lider","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Lider","lemma":"Lid","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Schlagen","gloss":"lids"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"corrida-s6-l1","source":"ehe er gleichmütig, ungehässig,","translation":"before he, even-tempered, without hatred,","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ehe","title":"Before, holding the verb to the end","body":"ehe, 'before', opens the poem's final subordinate clause, so its verb falls to the very end: ehe er ... versenkt means 'before he sinks'. Everyday German would instead use bevor."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ungehässig","title":"Un- negates a word for spite","body":"ungehässig means 'without rancor, free of hatred'; the un- negates gehässig, 'spiteful, full of hate'. It pairs with gleichmütig, 'even tempered', to describe how the man delivers the final blow."}],"words":[{"surface":"ehe","lemma":"ehe","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of versenkt (s6-l5)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gleichmütig","lemma":"gleichmütig","morphology":"adjective, uninflected (predicative, describes er)","role":"depends on er","gloss":"even-tempered"},{"surface":"ungehässig","lemma":"ungehässig","morphology":"adjective, uninflected (predicative, describes er)","role":"coordinated with gleichmütig; depends on er","gloss":"without hatred"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"corrida-s6-l2","source":"an sich selbst gelehnt, gelassen, lässig","translation":"leaning on himself, calm, at ease,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gelassen, lässig","title":"Two words from lassen","body":"gelassen and lässig both come from lassen, 'to let': gelassen means 'calm, composed' and lässig means 'casual, nonchalant'. Paired with an sich selbst gelehnt, 'leaning on himself', they describe the matador's bearing at the kill."}],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gelehnt","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, reflexive","role":"depends on an","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"selbst","lemma":"selbst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sich","gloss":"self"},{"surface":"gelehnt","lemma":"lehnen","morphology":"verb, past participle, uninflected (describes er)","role":"depends on er; coordinated participial phrase","gloss":"leaning"},{"surface":"gelassen","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"adjective, uninflected (predicative, describes er)","role":"coordinated with gelehnt","gloss":"calm"},{"surface":"lässig","lemma":"lässig","morphology":"adjective, uninflected (predicative, describes er)","role":"coordinated with gelehnt","gloss":"at ease"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"corrida-s6-l3","source":"in die wiederhergerollte große","translation":"into the great wave rolled back again,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wiederhergerollte","title":"A dense compound, rolled back","body":"wiederhergerollt is built from wieder, 'again', her, marking motion toward here, and gerollt, 'rolled': 'rolled back here again'. The adjective describes Woge, 'wave', in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Woge (next line)","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Woge (next line)","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"wiederhergerollte","lemma":"wiederherrollen","morphology":"adjective (past participle), accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Woge (next line)","gloss":"rolled back again"},{"surface":"große","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Woge (next line)","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"corrida-s6-l4","source":"Woge über dem verlornen Stoße","translation":"above the squandered thrust,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verlornen Stoße","title":"A wasted thrust","body":"Stoß means a thrust or charge; verloren, here spelled verlorn, means 'lost, wasted'. über dem verlornen Stoße, dative after über, names the bull's failed lunge, the charge that found only empty air."}],"words":[{"surface":"Woge","lemma":"Woge","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of in; head of the noun phrase begun in the previous line","gloss":"wave"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Woge","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Stoße","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verlornen","lemma":"verloren","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Stoße","gloss":"squandered"},{"surface":"Stoße","lemma":"Stoß","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"thrust"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"corrida-s6-l5","source":"seinen Degen beinah sanft versenkt.","translation":"sinks his sword almost gently.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/corrida-s6-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"versenkt","title":"The final verb, held to the end","body":"versenkt, 'sinks, plunges', is the sentence's main verb, held back by ehe until the poem's last word: seinen Degen ... versenkt means 'sinks his sword'. beinah sanft, 'nearly gently', modifies versenkt adverbially."}],"words":[{"surface":"seinen","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Degen","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Degen","lemma":"Degen","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on versenkt","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"beinah","lemma":"beinah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sanft","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"sanft","lemma":"sanft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on versenkt","gloss":"gently"},{"surface":"versenkt","lemma":"versenken","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sinks"}]}]}