{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren","title":{"source":"Damen-Bildnis aus den achtziger Jahren","translated":"Portrait of a Lady from the Eighteen-Eighties"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren","lines":25},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/das-roseninnere","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/dame-vor-dem-spiegel","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s1-l1","source":"Wartend stand sie an den schwergerafften","translation":"Waiting, she stood against the heavily gathered","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"schwergerafft","title":"Coined compound adjective","body":"schwergerafft is a compound past participle Rilke builds from schwer, 'heavy', and raffen, 'to gather up, bunch'. Used as an adjective on Draperien, 'draperies', it means 'heavily gathered up'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wartend","lemma":"warten","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"Waiting"},{"surface":"stand","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Atlasdraperien","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"schwergerafften","lemma":"schwergerafft","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Atlasdraperien","gloss":"heavily gathered"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s1-l2","source":"dunklen Atlasdraperien,","translation":"dark satin draperies,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Atlas","title":"False friend for a fabric","body":"Atlas here means 'satin', the fabric, not the Titan or a book of maps. Atlasdraperien are 'satin draperies'. German compounds nouns freely, so Atlas and Draperien fuse into one word."}],"words":[{"surface":"dunklen","lemma":"dunkel","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Atlasdraperien","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Atlasdraperien","lemma":"Atlasdraperie","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"satin draperies","note":"'Atlas' here means 'satin' (a fabric), not the Titan or a map."}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s1-l3","source":"die ein Aufwand falscher Leidenschaften","translation":"which a display of false passions","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Aufwand","title":"Noun for staged excess","body":"der Aufwand means 'expenditure, display, lavishness', effort or money spent for show. ein Aufwand falscher Leidenschaften is 'a display of false passions'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on ballen","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Aufwand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Aufwand","lemma":"Aufwand","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"display"},{"surface":"falscher","lemma":"falsch","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Leidenschaften","gloss":"false"},{"surface":"Leidenschaften","lemma":"Leidenschaft","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Aufwand","gloss":"passions"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s1-l4","source":"über ihr zu ballen schien;","translation":"seemed to be massing above her;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zu ballen schien","title":"Verb governs a zu-infinitive","body":"scheinen, 'to seem', governs a zu-infinitive: zu ballen schien, 'seemed to mass, clench together'. The subject is ein Aufwand from the line before, so the clause reads 'a display of false passions that seemed to mass above her'."}],"words":[{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ballen","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on ballen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ballen","lemma":"ballen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"mass"},{"surface":"schien","lemma":"scheinen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l1","source":"seit den noch so nahen Mädchenjahren","translation":"since the girlhood years still so near,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"seit den","title":"Preposition seit takes the dative","body":"The preposition seit, 'since, for', always governs the dative. seit den ... Mädchenjahren is dative plural, 'since the girlhood years'. noch so nahen, 'still so near', modifies Mädchenjahren."}],"words":[{"surface":"seit","lemma":"seit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vertauscht","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Mädchenjahren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nahen","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nahen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"nahen","lemma":"nah","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Mädchenjahren","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"Mädchenjahren","lemma":"Mädchenjahr","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on seit","gloss":"girlhood years"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l2","source":"wie mit einer anderen vertauscht:","translation":"as if swapped for another woman:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vertauscht","title":"Verb for swapping one thing","body":"vertauschen means 'to swap, exchange, mix up'. mit einer anderen vertauscht is 'exchanged for another woman'; einer anderen is feminine dative after mit. wie, 'as though', makes the phrase a comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vertauscht","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vertauscht","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on anderen","gloss":"another"},{"surface":"anderen","lemma":"anderer","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"other","note":"Elliptical for 'eine andere Frau' — 'another woman.'"},{"surface":"vertauscht","lemma":"vertauschen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"swapped"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l3","source":"müde unter den getürmten Haaren,","translation":"weary beneath the piled-up hair,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"getürmt","title":"Past participle from a tower","body":"getürmt is the past participle of türmen, 'to pile up, tower', from der Turm, 'tower'. die getürmten Haare names hair piled high in the 1880s style; the dative plural is den getürmten Haaren."}],"words":[{"surface":"müde","lemma":"müde","morphology":"adjective","role":"describes the subject","gloss":"weary"},{"surface":"unter","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on müde","gloss":"beneath"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Haaren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"getürmten","lemma":"getürmt","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Haaren","gloss":"piled-up"},{"surface":"Haaren","lemma":"Haar","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on unter","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l4","source":"in den Rüschen-Roben unerfahren","translation":"unpracticed in the ruffled gowns","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Rüschen-Roben","title":"Compound noun for a gown","body":"die Rüsche is 'ruffle, frill'; die Robe is 'gown, robe'. Ruschen-Roben are 'ruffled gowns'. unerfahren, 'inexperienced, unpracticed', describes her relation to them."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on unerfahren","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Rüschen-Roben","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rüschen-Roben","lemma":"Rüschen-Robe","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"ruffled gowns"},{"surface":"unerfahren","lemma":"unerfahren","morphology":"adjective","role":"describes the subject, parallel to müde","gloss":"unpracticed"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l5","source":"und von allen Falten wie belauscht","translation":"and as if eavesdropped on by every fold,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"belauscht","title":"Verb for covert listening","body":"belauschen means 'to eavesdrop on, spy on, listen in on'. von allen Falten wie belauscht is 'as though eavesdropped on by every fold'; von marks the agent of the passive-like wie belauscht."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to the previous line","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on belauscht","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"allen","lemma":"aller","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Falten","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Falten","lemma":"Falte","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"folds"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on belauscht","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"belauscht","lemma":"belauschen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"describes the subject, parallel to müde and unerfahren","gloss":"eavesdropped on"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s3-l1","source":"bei dem Heimweh und dem schwachen Planen,","translation":"in her homesickness and her faint planning","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Heimweh","title":"Compound noun for longing","body":"das Heimweh is 'homesickness', literally 'home-ache'. bei dem Heimweh means 'amid, during her homesickness'. schwachen Planen is 'faint planning', paired with it by und."}],"words":[{"surface":"bei","lemma":"bei","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Heimweh","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Heimweh","lemma":"Heimweh","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on bei","gloss":"homesickness"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates Heimweh and Planen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Planen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"schwachen","lemma":"schwach","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Planen","gloss":"faint"},{"surface":"Planen","lemma":"Planen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"planning"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s3-l2","source":"wie das Leben weiter werden soll:","translation":"of how life is meant to go on:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"werden soll","title":"Modal for expectation","body":"sollen here expresses expectation or intention, 'is supposed to, meant to'. wie das Leben weiter werden soll is 'how life is meant to go on'. weiter, 'onward, further', pairs with werden, 'to become'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on soll","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of soll/werden","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"weiter","lemma":"weiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on werden","gloss":"further"},{"surface":"werden","lemma":"werden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on soll","gloss":"become"},{"surface":"soll","lemma":"sollen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is meant to"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s3-l3","source":"anders, wirklicher, wie in Romanen,","translation":"different, more real, as in novels,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Romanen","title":"False friend for novel","body":"der Roman means 'a novel', not 'romance' in the modern English sense, so it is a false friend. wie in Romanen is 'as in novels'. anders, wirklicher means 'different, more real'."}],"words":[{"surface":"anders","lemma":"anders","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement, depends on werden","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"wirklicher","lemma":"wirklich","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinates with anders, depends on werden","gloss":"more real"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on werden","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Romanen","lemma":"Roman","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"novels"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s3-l4","source":"hingerissen und verhängnisvoll,–","translation":"rapturous and fateful,—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verhängnisvoll","title":"Adjective for fateful","body":"verhängnisvoll is built from das Verhängnis, 'doom, fate, calamity', plus -voll, 'full of': 'fateful, disastrous'. It pairs with hingerissen, 'enraptured, swept away'."}],"words":[{"surface":"hingerissen","lemma":"hinreißen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"coordinates with anders/wirklicher, depends on werden","gloss":"rapturous"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates hingerissen and verhängnisvoll","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"verhängnisvoll,–","lemma":"verhängnisvoll","morphology":"adjective","role":"coordinates with hingerissen, depends on werden","gloss":"fateful"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s4-l1","source":"daß man etwas erst in die Schatullen","translation":"that one might first lay something in the caskets","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"daß man","title":"Subordinate clause opens a long wish","body":"daß, older spelling of the modern dass, opens a subordinate clause that runs across several stanzas, governed by dürfte, 'might be allowed to', below. man is the impersonal 'one'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Schatullen","title":"Noun for a small box","body":"die Schatulle is a small ornamental box or casket for jewels and keepsakes. in die Schatullen legen uses the accusative after in to mark motion into them, placing something inside."}],"words":[{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on dürfte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of dürfte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"etwas","lemma":"etwas","morphology":"pronoun, indefinite, accusative","role":"object of legen","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"erst","lemma":"erst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on legen","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on legen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Schatullen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schatullen","lemma":"Schatulle","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"caskets"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s4-l2","source":"legen dürfte, um sich im Geruch","translation":"and so might steep oneself in the scent","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um sich ... einzulullen","title":"Purpose clause with um zu","body":"um here opens an um ... zu purpose clause, 'in order to', that closes with einzulullen two lines later. dürfte is the Konjunktiv II of dürfen, 'might be allowed to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"legen","lemma":"legen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on dürfte","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"dürfte","lemma":"dürfen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"might"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on einzulullen","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on einzulullen","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on einzulullen","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Geruch","lemma":"Geruch","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"scent"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s4-l3","source":"von Erinnerungen einzulullen;","translation":"of memories;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"einzulullen","title":"Separable verb with zu inserted","body":"einlullen, 'to lull to sleep, soothe', is separable. In a zu-infinitive, zu slots between prefix and stem: ein-zu-lullen. With sich it means 'to lull oneself', here in the scent of memories."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on einzulullen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erinnerungen","lemma":"Erinnerung","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"memories"},{"surface":"einzulullen","lemma":"einlullen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"purpose infinitive, depends on dürfte","gloss":"lull"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s4-l4","source":"daß man endlich in dem Tagebuch","translation":"that one might at last find in the diary","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tagebuch","title":"Compound noun for a journal","body":"das Tagebuch is 'diary, journal', literally 'day-book'. daß man endlich in dem Tagebuch continues the daß-wish from earlier stanzas: 'that one might at last, in the diary'. in dem Tagebuch is dative after in."}],"words":[{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on fände","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of fände","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"endlich","lemma":"endlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fände","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fände","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Tagebuch","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tagebuch","lemma":"Tagebuch","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"diary"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s5-l1","source":"einen Anfang fände, der nicht schon","translation":"a beginning that did not already,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fände","title":"Subjunctive continues the wish","body":"fände is the past subjunctive of finden, 'to find', carrying the unreal, wishful mood of the passage: 'that one might find'. einen Anfang, 'a beginning', is its accusative object."}],"words":[{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Anfang","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Anfang","lemma":"Anfang","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fände","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"fände","lemma":"finden","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"might find"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"refers to Anfang, subject of wird","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s5-l2","source":"unterm Schreiben sinnlos wird und Lüge,","translation":"in the writing, turn meaningless and a lie,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"unterm Schreiben","title":"Contraction plus nominalized infinitive","body":"unterm contracts unter dem. With the nominalized infinitive das Schreiben, 'writing', unterm Schreiben means 'in the course of writing, while one writes'."}],"words":[{"surface":"unterm","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Schreiben","lemma":"Schreiben","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on unterm","gloss":"writing"},{"surface":"sinnlos","lemma":"sinnlos","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"meaningless"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates sinnlos and Lüge","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Lüge","lemma":"Lüge","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"a lie"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s5-l3","source":"und ein Blatt von einer Rose trüge","translation":"and that would carry a petal of a rose","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Blatt","title":"Noun with two meanings","body":"das Blatt means 'leaf', and of a flower, 'petal'; ein Blatt von einer Rose is 'a petal of a rose'. The same word can also mean a sheet or 'page'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on trüge","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blatt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Blatt","lemma":"Blatt","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on trüge","gloss":"petal"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Blatt","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Rose","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Rose","lemma":"Rose","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"trüge","lemma":"tragen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with wird, subject: der (relative clause)","gloss":"would carry"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s5-l4","source":"in dem schweren leeren Medaillon,","translation":"in the heavy empty locket,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Medaillon","title":"French loanword for a locket","body":"das Medaillon is a loanword from French for a 'locket', the small hinged pendant holding a portrait or keepsake. It is described as schwer, 'heavy', and leer, 'empty'."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on trüge","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Medaillon","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"schweren","lemma":"schwer","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Medaillon","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"leeren","lemma":"leer","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Medaillon","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"Medaillon","lemma":"Medaillon","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"locket"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s6-l1","source":"welches liegt auf jedem Atemzug.","translation":"which lies on every breath she draws.","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Atemzug","title":"Compound noun for one breath","body":"der Atemzug is 'a breath, an intake of breath', from Atem, 'breath', and Zug, 'draw, pull'. auf jedem Atemzug means 'on every breath'."}],"words":[{"surface":"welches","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on liegt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"liegt","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lies"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on liegt","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"jedem","lemma":"jeder","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Atemzug","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Atemzug","lemma":"Atemzug","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"breath"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s6-l2","source":"Daß man einmal durch das Fenster winkte","translation":"That one might once wave through the window","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"winkte","title":"Subjunctive resumes the wish","body":"winkte is the simple past of winken, 'to wave, beckon', read here in the unreal wishful sense the passage sustains: 'that one might once wave'. durch das Fenster means 'through the window'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on winkte","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of winkte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on winkte","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on winkte","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Fenster","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Fenster","lemma":"Fenster","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"window"},{"surface":"winkte","lemma":"winken","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"might wave"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s6-l3","source":"diese schlanke Hand, die neuberingte,","translation":"this slender hand, the newly ringed one,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"neuberingte","title":"Coined compound for a new ring","body":"neuberingte fuses neu, 'newly', with beringt, the past participle of beringen, 'to put a ring on': 'newly be-ringed'. It modifies Hand, 'hand'."}],"words":[{"surface":"diese","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"schlanke","lemma":"schlank","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"slender"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hätte (cross-segment, s6-l4)","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on neuberingte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neuberingte","lemma":"neuberingt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Hand","gloss":"newly ringed one","note":"Rilke's coinage: 'newly be-ringed,' used substantively in apposition to Hand."}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s6-l4","source":"hätte dran für Monate genug.","translation":"would have, in that, enough for months.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/damen-bildnis-aus-den-achtziger-jahren-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hätte ... dran ... genug","title":"Subjunctive closes the wish","body":"hätte is the past subjunctive of haben, closing the wish clause: 'would have'. dran is colloquial for daran, 'at it, by that'; the phrase means 'would have enough in that for months'."}],"words":[{"surface":"hätte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would have"},{"surface":"dran","lemma":"dran","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"in that","note":"pronominal adverb 'dran' = 'of/in it', referring back to the hand and locket."},{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on genug","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Monate","lemma":"Monat","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on für","gloss":"months"},{"surface":"genug","lemma":"genug","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"enough"}]}]}