{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"das-kapitael","title":{"source":"Das Kapitäl","translated":"The Capital"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/das-kapitael","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-fensterrose","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/gott-im-mittelalter","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"das-kapitael-s1-l1","source":"Wie sich aus eines Traumes Ausgeburten","translation":"As, out of the spawn of a dream,","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"eines Traumes","title":"A genitive placed before its noun","body":"eines Traumes is the genitive of ein Traum, 'a dream', meaning 'of a dream'. German allows this genitive to stand before its noun, so aus eines Traumes Ausgeburten equals aus den Ausgeburten eines Traumes, 'out of a dream's spawn'. The ending -es on Traumes is an older genitive form, alongside the shorter Traums."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ausgeburten","title":"A word for monstrous offspring","body":"die Ausgeburt, literally 'out-birth', names a monstrous or grotesque product of the imagination, as in eine Ausgeburt der Hölle, 'a fiend of hell'. Here it appears in the plural, Ausgeburten, describing the forms that come out of a dream, aus eines Traumes Ausgeburten."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on erhebt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on erhebt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufsteigend","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"eines","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Traumes","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Traumes","lemma":"Traum","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"dream's"},{"surface":"Ausgeburten","lemma":"Ausgeburt","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"spawn"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"das-kapitael-s1-l2","source":"aufsteigend aus verwirrendem Gequäl","translation":"rising up out of a bewildering torment,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gequäl","title":"A collective noun for torment","body":"Gequäl is built on quälen, 'to torment', with the Ge- prefix that turns a repeated action into one collective noun, as in Gerede, 'endless talk'. So Gequäl names a confused, ongoing tormenting rather than a single act. It stands in the dative, depending on the preposition aus."}],"words":[{"surface":"aufsteigend","lemma":"aufsteigend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erhebt","gloss":"rising up"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufsteigend","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"verwirrendem","lemma":"verwirrend","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gequäl","gloss":"bewildering"},{"surface":"Gequäl","lemma":"Gequäl","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"torment"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"das-kapitael-s1-l3","source":"der nächste Tag erhebt,–so gehn die Gurten","translation":"the next day lifts itself — so the ribs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"erhebt","title":"A reflexive verb split apart","body":"erhebt is the third person singular present of erheben, used reflexively as sich erheben, 'to rise, raise itself'. Its subject is der nächste Tag, 'the next day', so the full sense is 'the next day raises itself'. German can place the reflexive pronoun sich earlier in a sentence, apart from its verb."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Gurten","title":"An architectural term for ribs","body":"Gurt usually means a strap, girth, or band, but in architecture it names a transverse rib that spans across a vault. die Gurten here is the nominative plural, subject of gehn, 'go up'. The word points to the ribs of the vaulting rising above the carved capital."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nächste","lemma":"nächster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Tag","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erhebt","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"erhebt,–so","lemma":"erheben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the wie-clause","gloss":"lifts itself, so"},{"surface":"gehn","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go up"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Gurten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gurten","lemma":"Gurt","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on gehn","gloss":"ribs"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"das-kapitael-s1-l4","source":"der Wölbung aus dem wirren Kapitäl","translation":"of the vault go up out of the tangled capital","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Kapitäl","title":"The word for capital","body":"das Kapitäl, spelled today as Kapitell, is the carved block that crowns a column and supports the arch above it. wirren, from wirr, means 'tangled, confused', describing this particular capital. It is dative here because it follows the preposition aus, 'out of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wölbung","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wölbung","lemma":"Wölbung","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gurten","gloss":"vault"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gehn","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Kapitäl","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"wirren","lemma":"wirr","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Kapitäl","gloss":"tangled"},{"surface":"Kapitäl","lemma":"Kapitäl","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"capital"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"das-kapitael-s2-l1","source":"und lassen drin, gedrängt und rätselhaft","translation":"and leave inside it, crowded and enigmatically","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"drin","title":"Short form of darin","body":"drin is the everyday short form of darin, 'in it, inside it'. It depends on the verb lassen and points back to something mentioned earlier in the sentence. Using the short form instead of darin is typical of spoken, informal German."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lassen","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leave"},{"surface":"drin","lemma":"drin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"gedrängt","lemma":"drängen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on Geschöpfe","gloss":"crowded"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on gedrängt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rätselhaft","lemma":"rätselhaft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"enigmatically"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"das-kapitael-s2-l2","source":"verschlungen, flügelschlagende Geschöpfe:","translation":"entwined, wing-beating creatures:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"flügelschlagende","title":"A compound built from two parts","body":"flügelschlagende joins Flügel, 'wing', with the participle of schlagen, 'to beat', to form one adjective meaning 'wing-beating'. It is inflected here as accusative neuter plural, agreeing with Geschöpfe, 'creatures'. German commonly fuses a noun and a verb this way to build a single descriptive word."}],"words":[{"surface":"verschlungen","lemma":"verschlingen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on Geschöpfe","gloss":"entwined"},{"surface":"flügelschlagende","lemma":"flügelschlagend","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Geschöpfe","gloss":"wing-beating"},{"surface":"Geschöpfe","lemma":"Geschöpf","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"creatures"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"das-kapitael-s2-l3","source":"ihr Zögern und das Plötzliche der Köpfe","translation":"their hesitating, and the suddenness of the heads,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"das Plötzliche","title":"An adjective used as a noun","body":"German can turn an adjective into a neuter noun by capitalizing it after das. plötzlich, 'sudden', becomes das Plötzliche, 'the sudden quality, the suddenness'. In the same line ihr Zögern does the same thing with the verb zögern, 'to hesitate', now used as a noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Zögern","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Zögern","lemma":"zögern","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"hesitating"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Zögern","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Plötzliche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Plötzliche","lemma":"Plötzliche","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"suddenness"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Köpfe","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Köpfe","lemma":"Kopf","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Plötzliche","gloss":"heads"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"das-kapitael-s2-l4","source":"und jene starken Blätter, deren Saft","translation":"and those strong leaves whose sap","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"deren","title":"Genitive relative pronoun","body":"deren means 'whose, of which' and is the genitive form of the relative pronoun, here agreeing with the plural noun Blätter, 'leaves'. So jene starken Blätter, deren Saft means 'those strong leaves, whose sap'. It introduces a clause describing the leaves' sap."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jene","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Blätter","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"starken","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Blätter","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"Blätter","lemma":"Blatt","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"leaves"},{"surface":"deren","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Saft","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Saft","lemma":"Saft","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"sap"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"das-kapitael-s3-l1","source":"wie Jähzorn steigt, sich schließlich überschlagend","translation":"rises like a fit of rage, at last overturning itself","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Jähzorn","title":"A compound noun for sudden anger","body":"Jähzorn joins jäh, 'abrupt, sudden', with Zorn, 'wrath', to name a sudden burst of temper. It is nominative and depends on the verb steigt, 'rises', through the preposition wie, 'like'. The compound names one sudden feeling rather than anger in general."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich überschlagend","title":"An inseparable reflexive verb","body":"überschlagen means 'to turn over, break over' and is used reflexively, sich überschlagen. As an inseparable verb its prefix über- never splits off from the stem, unlike a separable über- verb. Schließlich, 'at last', and sich together describe how Jähzorn, 'a fit of rage', steigt, 'rises'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Jähzorn","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Jähzorn","lemma":"Jähzorn","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"a fit of rage"},{"surface":"steigt","lemma":"steigen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on überschlagend","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"schließlich","lemma":"schließlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on überschlagend","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"überschlagend","lemma":"überschlagend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"overturning"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"das-kapitael-s3-l2","source":"in einer schnellen Geste, die sich ballt","translation":"into a swift gesture that clenches","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die sich ballt","title":"A reflexive verb for clenching","body":"sich ballen means 'to ball up, clench, gather into a mass', and it always takes the reflexive pronoun sich. die is the relative pronoun standing for Geste and is the subject of ballt. So die sich ballt reads 'that clenches itself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Geste","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"schnellen","lemma":"schnell","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Geste","gloss":"swift"},{"surface":"Geste","lemma":"Geste","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ballt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on ballt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"ballt","lemma":"ballen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying Geste","gloss":"clenches"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"das-kapitael-s3-l3","source":"und sich heraushält: alles aufwärtsjagend,","translation":"and holds itself out: driving everything upward,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aufwärtsjagend","title":"Prefix stays on the participle","body":"aufwärtsjagend combines aufwärts, 'upward', with jagen, 'to chase, to drive, to race', meaning 'driving everything upward'. As a finite verb, jagen would separate from its prefix, as in es jagt alles aufwärts. As a present participle, the prefix stays attached to the verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on heraushält","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on heraushält","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"heraushält","lemma":"heraushalten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"holds out"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aufwärtsjagend","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"aufwärtsjagend","lemma":"aufwärtsjagend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on heraushält","gloss":"driving upward"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"das-kapitael-s4-l1","source":"was immer wieder mit dem Dunkel kalt","translation":"which again and again, cold, with the darkness,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"was","title":"Relative pronoun after indefinites","body":"Here was means 'which, that which' and works as a relative pronoun; German uses was rather than das after indefinite words like alles, nichts, and etwas. It is the subject of the clause it introduces. immer wieder means 'again and again' and modifies the verb that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of herunterfällt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wieder","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on herunterfällt","gloss":"and again"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on herunterfällt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Dunkel","lemma":"Dunkel","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"kalt","lemma":"kalt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on herunterfällt","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"das-kapitael-s4-l2","source":"herunterfällt, wie Regen Sorge tragend","translation":"falls back down, bearing care like rain","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"herunterfällt","title":"Separable verb kept whole","body":"herunterfallen, 'to fall down', is a separable verb whose prefix herunter- usually detaches in a main clause. Here it stays attached because herunterfällt is the verb closing a relative clause. Herunter- names motion downward toward the speaker, unlike a general falling."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Sorge tragend","title":"An idiom built from tragen","body":"Sorge tragen literally means 'to bear care' but idiomatically means 'to see to, provide for, take care of' something. Sorge tragend is its present participle, 'bearing care, providing'. Here it describes how the falling stone acts, likened to rain in the same clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"herunterfällt","lemma":"herunterfallen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"falls down"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Regen","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Regen","lemma":"Regen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on herunterfällt","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"Sorge","lemma":"Sorge","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on tragend","gloss":"care"},{"surface":"tragend","lemma":"tragend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on herunterfällt","gloss":"bearing"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"das-kapitael-s4-l3","source":"für dieses alten Wachstums Unterhalt.","translation":"for this ancient growth's sustenance.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-kapitael-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dieses alten Wachstums","title":"Another genitive before its noun","body":"dieses alten Wachstums is a genitive phrase placed before the noun it modifies, Unterhalt, so für dieses alten Wachstums Unterhalt means 'for the sustenance of this ancient growth'. Wachstum means 'growth' and Unterhalt means 'upkeep, sustenance, nourishment'. The same fronted genitive pattern opens the poem with eines Traumes."}],"words":[{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tragend","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Wachstums","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"alten","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Wachstums","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"Wachstums","lemma":"Wachstum","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Unterhalt","gloss":"growth's"},{"surface":"Unterhalt","lemma":"Unterhalt","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on für","gloss":"sustenance"}]}]}