{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"das-karussell","title":{"source":"Das Karussell","translated":"The Carousel"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/das-karussell","lines":27},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/roemische-fontaene","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/spanische-taenzerin","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"das-karussell-s1-l1","source":"Mit einem Dach und seinem Schatten dreht","translation":"With a roof and with its shadow turns","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dreht / sich","title":"dreht awaits its subject","body":"dreht is present tense, third-person singular, of drehen, 'to turn'. Its subject does not appear in this line; it follows later in the sentence, after the prepositional phrases mit einem Dach und seinem Schatten."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on dreht","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dach","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Dach","lemma":"Dach","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mit","gloss":"roof"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schatten","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Schatten","lemma":"Schatten","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"dreht","lemma":"drehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turns"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"das-karussell-s1-l2","source":"sich eine kleine Weile der Bestand","translation":"for a little while the company","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Bestand","title":"Bestand, a standing company","body":"der Bestand can mean 'stock' or 'holding', or here 'a standing company' or 'set', the assembled group of carousel horses. der Bestand is nominative, the subject of the verb that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on dreht","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Weile","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kleine","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Weile","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Weile","lemma":"Weile","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on dreht","gloss":"while","note":"Accusative of duration ('for a little while'), not the grammatical object."},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Bestand","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bestand","lemma":"Bestand","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of dreht","gloss":"company"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"das-karussell-s1-l3","source":"von bunten Pferden, alle aus dem Land,","translation":"of bright-colored horses, all from the land","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bunt","title":"An adjective for many colors","body":"bunt means 'brightly colored, particolored', or 'multicolored'. von bunten Pferden, 'of bright colored horses', takes the dative plural after von, 'of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Bestand","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"bunten","lemma":"bunt","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Pferden","gloss":"bright-colored"},{"surface":"Pferden","lemma":"Pferd","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Pferden","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on alle","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Land","lemma":"Land","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"das-karussell-s1-l4","source":"das lange zögert, eh es untergeht.","translation":"that long hesitates before it goes under.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"eh es untergeht","title":"eh meaning before","body":"eh is a shortened, poetic form of ehe, 'before', a subordinating conjunction that sends the verb to the end of its clause. eh es untergeht means 'before it goes under', with untergeht, from untergehen, at the clause's end."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of zögert","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"lange","lemma":"lange","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zögert","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"zögert","lemma":"zögern","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hesitates"},{"surface":"eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on untergeht","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of untergeht","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"untergeht","lemma":"untergehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on zögert","gloss":"goes under"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"das-karussell-s1-l5","source":"Zwar manche sind an Wagen angespannt,","translation":"True, some are harnessed to little wagons,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Zwar … doch","title":"Two adverbs make a concession","body":"zwar, 'true' or 'admittedly', opens a concession, and doch, 'yet', answers it in the following clause. Zwar manche … doch alle means 'true, some … yet all', granting one point before contradicting it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Zwar","lemma":"zwar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"manche","lemma":"mancher","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of sind","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on angespannt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Wagen","lemma":"Wagen","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"wagons"},{"surface":"angespannt","lemma":"anspannen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"harnessed"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"das-karussell-s1-l6","source":"doch alle haben Mut in ihren Mienen;","translation":"yet all of them have courage in their faces;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Miene","title":"A word for facial expression","body":"die Miene means 'facial expression' or 'look', not the English word mien in its narrower sense. in ihren Mienen, 'in their faces', is dative plural after in, 'in'."}],"words":[{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on haben","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of haben","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"haben","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"Mut","lemma":"Mut","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on haben","gloss":"courage"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Mut","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ihren","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Mienen","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Mienen","lemma":"Miene","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"faces"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"das-karussell-s1-l7","source":"ein böser roter Löwe geht mit ihnen","translation":"an angry red lion goes along with them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s1-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"böse","title":"An adjective for angry or fierce","body":"böse means 'angry, fierce', or 'wicked' depending on context. ein böser roter Löwe, 'an angry red lion', strings both adjectives before the noun with the strong nominative ending -er."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Löwe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"böser","lemma":"böse","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Löwe","gloss":"angry"},{"surface":"roter","lemma":"rot","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Löwe","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"Löwe","lemma":"Löwe","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of geht","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"geht","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ihnen","lemma":"ihnen","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"das-karussell-s1-l8","source":"und dann und wann ein weißer Elefant.","translation":"and now and then a white elephant.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s1-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dann und wann","title":"A fixed phrase for now and then","body":"dann und wann is a fixed phrase meaning 'now and then, occasionally'. It functions as a single adverbial unit modifying the whole clause that follows."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"now","note":"Idiom 'dann und wann' = 'now and then'; the two words are glossed to match the English idiom's word order."},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wann","lemma":"wann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Elefant","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"weißer","lemma":"weiß","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Elefant","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"Elefant","lemma":"Elefant","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"elephant"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"das-karussell-s2-l1","source":"Sogar ein Hirsch ist da ganz wie im Wald,","translation":"Even a stag is there, just as in the forest,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Hirsch","title":"Hirsch, a stag","body":"der Hirsch means 'stag' or 'male deer'. Sogar ein Hirsch, 'even a stag', uses sogar, 'even', to add this animal to the list of carousel figures."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sogar","lemma":"sogar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Hirsch","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hirsch","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Hirsch","lemma":"Hirsch","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ist","gloss":"stag"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on im","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Wald","lemma":"Wald","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"forest"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"das-karussell-s2-l2","source":"nur daß er einen Sattel trägt und drüber","translation":"except that it bears a saddle, and above it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nur daß","title":"A phrase for except that","body":"nur daß means 'except that' or 'only that', introducing a small qualification. daß is a subordinating conjunction, so the finite verb trägt, 'bears', is held toward the end of its clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on trägt","gloss":"except","note":"Idiom 'nur daß' = 'except that,' not literally 'only that.'"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on trägt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of trägt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Sattel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Sattel","lemma":"Sattel","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on trägt","gloss":"saddle"},{"surface":"trägt","lemma":"tragen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bears"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on trägt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"drüber","lemma":"drüber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on aufgeschnallt","gloss":"above"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"das-karussell-s2-l3","source":"ein kleines blaues Mädchen aufgeschnallt.","translation":"a little girl in blue is strapped.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aufgeschnallt","title":"aufschnallen, past participle","body":"aufschnallen means 'to strap on' or 'buckle on'. aufgeschnallt is its past participle, used adjectivally after Mädchen: 'strapped on', describing how the little girl is fastened to her mount."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kleines","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchen","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"blaues","lemma":"blau","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchen","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"Mädchen","lemma":"Mädchen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of aufgeschnallt","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"aufgeschnallt","lemma":"aufschnallen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is strapped"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"das-karussell-s3-l1","source":"Und auf dem Löwen reitet weiß ein Junge","translation":"And on the lion, dressed in white, rides a boy","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"reitet weiß","title":"weiß as a predicate adjective","body":"reitet weiß places the adjective weiß, 'white', right after the verb reitet, 'rides', describing the rider rather than modifying a noun directly. It functions like 'dressed in white', and takes no case ending because predicate adjectives in German do not decline."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on reitet","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on reitet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Löwen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Löwen","lemma":"Löwe","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"reitet","lemma":"reiten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rides"},{"surface":"weiß","lemma":"weiß","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on Junge","gloss":"in white","note":"False friend: here 'weiß' means 'white,' not the verb 'to know' (from wissen)."},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Junge","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Junge","lemma":"Junge","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of reitet","gloss":"boy"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"das-karussell-s3-l2","source":"und hält sich mit der kleinen heißen Hand,","translation":"and holds on with his small hot hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hält sich","title":"A reflexive verb for holding on","body":"sich halten means 'to hold oneself steady, to hold on'. hält sich mit der kleinen heißen Hand, 'holds on with his small hot hand', uses mit plus the dative for the instrument."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hält","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hält","lemma":"halten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"holds"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on hält","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hält","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"his","note":"The dative case here is triggered by the preposition 'mit', not by a separate reflexive-dative construction. German idiomatically uses the definite article in place of a possessive pronoun for body-part nouns once the possessor is already clear from context (established earlier by the reflexive 'sich' with 'hält'), so 'der Hand' reads as 'his hand.'"},{"surface":"kleinen","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"heißen","lemma":"heiß","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"das-karussell-s3-l3","source":"dieweil der Löwe Zähne zeigt und Zunge.","translation":"while the lion shows its teeth and tongue.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dieweil","title":"An old word for while","body":"dieweil is an older, literary subordinating conjunction meaning 'while' or 'whereas', largely replaced in modern German by während. It sends the finite verb zeigt, 'shows', to the end of its clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"dieweil","lemma":"dieweil","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on zeigt","gloss":"while","note":"Archaic/poetic form of 'während' (while)."},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Löwe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Löwe","lemma":"Löwe","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of zeigt","gloss":"lion"},{"surface":"Zähne","lemma":"Zahn","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on zeigt","gloss":"teeth"},{"surface":"zeigt","lemma":"zeigen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shows"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on zeigt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Zunge","lemma":"Zunge","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"tongue"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"das-karussell-s4-l1","source":"Und dann und wann ein weißer Elefant.","translation":"And now and then a white elephant.","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Und dann und wann","title":"A repeated line returns","body":"This line repeats the earlier Und dann und wann ein weißer Elefant word for word, functioning as a refrain. The grammar is identical to its first appearance: dann und wann is the fixed phrase 'now and then'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wann","lemma":"wann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Elefant","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"weißer","lemma":"weiß","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Elefant","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"Elefant","lemma":"Elefant","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"elephant"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"das-karussell-s5-l1","source":"Und auf den Pferden kommen sie vorüber,","translation":"And on the horses they come riding past,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kommen … vorüber","title":"Separable verb vorüberkommen","body":"vorüberkommen, 'to come past', is separable. Its prefix vorüber sits at the end of the clause while the conjugated stem kommen carries the verb's person and number: kommen … sie vorüber, 'they come past'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kommen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Pferden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Pferden","lemma":"Pferd","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"horses"},{"surface":"kommen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kommen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"vorüber","lemma":"vorüber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommen","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"das-karussell-s5-l2","source":"auch Mädchen, helle, diesem Pferdesprunge","translation":"girls too, fair ones, this leaping of horses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"diesem Pferdesprunge","title":"A compound noun in the dative","body":"Pferdesprung joins Pferd, 'horse', and Sprung, 'leap', into one noun, dative singular here after an implied verb of accompaniment. diesem Pferdesprunge carries the older dative ending -e."}],"words":[{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Mädchen","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Mädchen","lemma":"Mädchen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"in apposition to sie","gloss":"girls"},{"surface":"helle","lemma":"hell","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Mädchen","gloss":"fair"},{"surface":"diesem","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Pferdesprunge","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Pferdesprunge","lemma":"Pferdesprung","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on entwachsen","gloss":"leaping of horses"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"das-karussell-s5-l3","source":"fast schon entwachsen; mitten in dem Schwunge","translation":"almost already outgrown; mid-swing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"entwachsen","title":"A verb for outgrowing something","body":"entwachsen means 'to grow out of' or 'outgrow something', from wachsen, 'to grow', with the prefix ent-, 'away from'. fast schon entwachsen, schon meaning 'already', describes children who have nearly outgrown the ride."}],"words":[{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schon","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on entwachsen","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"entwachsen","lemma":"entwachsen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"outgrown"},{"surface":"mitten","lemma":"mitten","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on in","gloss":"mid"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on mitten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schwunge","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schwunge","lemma":"Schwung","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"swing"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"das-karussell-s5-l4","source":"schauen sie auf, irgendwohin, herüber–","translation":"they look up, off somewhere, over this way—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"herüber","title":"A direction word for toward here","body":"herüber is a direction adverb meaning 'over to here', marking motion from a distance toward the speaker's side. irgendwohin, herüber pairs it with irgendwohin, 'off somewhere', contrasting an unfixed direction with one aimed at the viewer."}],"words":[{"surface":"schauen","lemma":"schauen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of schauen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schauen","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"irgendwohin","lemma":"irgendwohin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schauen","gloss":"off somewhere"},{"surface":"herüber–","lemma":"herüber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schauen","gloss":"over this way"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"das-karussell-s6-l1","source":"Und dann und wann ein weißer Elefant.","translation":"And now and then a white elephant.","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wann","lemma":"wann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Elefant","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"weißer","lemma":"weiß","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Elefant","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"Elefant","lemma":"Elefant","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"elephant"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"das-karussell-s7-l1","source":"Und das geht hin und eilt sich, daß es endet,","translation":"And on it goes and hurries to be done,","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"eilt sich, daß es endet","title":"eilen used reflexively","body":"eilen, 'to hurry', is used here reflexively, sich eilen, 'to hurry oneself'. daß es endet, 'that it ends', is the object clause explaining what the hurrying is toward."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of geht","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"geht","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"hin","lemma":"hin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"eilt","lemma":"eilen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"hurries"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on eilt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on endet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of endet","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"endet","lemma":"enden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on eilt","gloss":"ends"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"das-karussell-s7-l2","source":"und kreist und dreht sich nur und hat kein Ziel.","translation":"and circles and just turns and turns, with no goal.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kein Ziel","title":"Kein negates the noun","body":"kein negates the noun that follows, so kein Ziel means 'no goal' or 'no destination', rather than 'not a goal'. It takes the accusative here as the object of hat, 'has'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kreist","lemma":"kreisen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"circles"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kreist","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dreht","lemma":"drehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"turns"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on dreht","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dreht","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dreht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hat","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"kein","lemma":"kein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ziel","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Ziel","lemma":"Ziel","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"goal"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"das-karussell-s7-l3","source":"Ein Rot, ein Grün, ein Grau vorbeigesendet,","translation":"A red, a green, a gray sent flashing past,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vorbeigesendet","title":"vorbeisenden, past participle","body":"vorbeisenden means 'to send past' or 'flash past', from vorbei, 'past', and senden, 'to send'. vorbeigesendet is its past participle, describing the colors as having been sent flashing by."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Rot","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Rot","lemma":"Rot","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Grün","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Grün","lemma":"Grün","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Rot","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Grau","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Grau","lemma":"Grau","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on vorbeigesendet","gloss":"gray"},{"surface":"vorbeigesendet","lemma":"vorbeisenden","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on Rot","gloss":"sent flashing past"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"das-karussell-s7-l4","source":"ein kleines kaum begonnenes Profil.","translation":"a small, scarcely begun profile.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s7-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kaum begonnenes Profil","title":"begonnen as an adjective","body":"begonnenes is the past participle of beginnen, 'to begin', used here as an adjective before Profil. kaum begonnenes Profil means 'a profile scarcely begun', barely sketched in."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Profil","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kleines","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Profil","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"kaum","lemma":"kaum","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on begonnenes","gloss":"scarcely"},{"surface":"begonnenes","lemma":"begonnen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Profil","gloss":"begun"},{"surface":"Profil","lemma":"Profil","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"profile"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"das-karussell-s7-l5","source":"Und manchesmal ein Lächeln, hergewendet,","translation":"And many a time a smile, turned this way,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s7-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hergewendet","title":"herwenden, to turn this way","body":"herwenden means 'to turn toward the speaker's side', combining her, 'hither', with wenden, 'to turn'. hergewendet is its past participle, describing a smile turned this way as it passes."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Lächeln","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"manchesmal","lemma":"manchesmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Lächeln","gloss":"many a time"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lächeln","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Lächeln","lemma":"Lächeln","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"hergewendet","lemma":"herwenden","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on Lächeln","gloss":"turned this way"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"das-karussell-s7-l6","source":"ein seliges, das blendet und verschwendet","translation":"a blissful one, that dazzles and is squandered","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s7-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"selig","title":"An adjective for blissful","body":"selig means 'blissful' or 'blessed', often describing a state of deep, untroubled happiness. ein seliges is the neuter adjective used as a noun, 'a blissful one', continuing the description of the smile from the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on seliges","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"seliges","lemma":"selig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"blissful"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blendet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"blendet","lemma":"blenden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dazzles"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on blendet","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"verschwendet","lemma":"verschwenden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"is squandered"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"das-karussell-s7-l7","source":"an dieses atemlose blinde Spiel.","translation":"on this breathless, blind game.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-karussell-s7-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"verschwendet an … Spiel","title":"verschwenden an, to squander on","body":"verschwenden means 'to waste' or 'squander', and here it governs an plus the accusative: an dieses atemlose blinde Spiel, 'on this breathless blind game'. dieses, atemlose, and blinde all carry the accusative neuter ending agreeing with Spiel."}],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verschwendet","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Spiel","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"atemlose","lemma":"atemlos","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Spiel","gloss":"breathless"},{"surface":"blinde","lemma":"blind","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Spiel","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"Spiel","lemma":"Spiel","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"game"}]}]}