{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"das-portal","title":{"source":"Das Portal","translated":"The Portal"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/das-portal","lines":44},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-kathedrale","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-fensterrose","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"das-portal-s1-l1","source":"Da blieben sie, als wäre jene Flut","translation":"There they remained, as though that flood had","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als wäre","title":"Subjunctive after als","body":"als means 'as though' and introduces a comparison that is not real. wäre is the subjunctive II form of sein, 'to be', so the clause reads 'as though that flood had withdrawn'. After als the verb wäre moves right behind the conjunction instead of waiting until the end of the clause."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jene Flut","title":"Pointing to a distant flood","body":"die Flut means 'flood' or, more precisely, 'tide'. jene is the distal demonstrative for 'that', marking something further away than dieser would. It agrees with Flut in the nominative feminine singular, since Flut is the subject of wäre."}],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on blieben","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"blieben","lemma":"bleiben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on blieben","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"wäre","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the als-clause","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"jene","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Flut","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Flut","lemma":"Flut","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of wäre","gloss":"flood"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"das-portal-s1-l2","source":"zurückgetreten, deren großes Branden","translation":"drawn back again, whose mighty surging","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zurückgetreten","title":"Separable prefix stays attached","body":"zurücktreten is a separable verb meaning 'to step back, withdraw'. In the past participle zurückgetreten the prefix zurück- stays joined to getreten instead of splitting off. deren is the genitive form of the relative pronoun der, 'whose', pointing back to a noun before Branden."}],"words":[{"surface":"zurückgetreten","lemma":"zurücktreten","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"drawn back"},{"surface":"deren","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Branden","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"großes","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Branden","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Branden","lemma":"Branden","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wusch","gloss":"surging"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"das-portal-s1-l3","source":"an diesen Steinen wusch, bis sie entstanden;","translation":"washed at these stones, until they came to be;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"entstanden","title":"Verb for coming into being","body":"entstehen means 'to arise, come into being, originate'. Its past form entstanden agrees with the plural sie, so bis sie entstanden means 'until they came to be'. The verb marks the moment the washing produced a finished result."}],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wusch","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"diesen","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Steinen","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"Steinen","lemma":"Stein","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"stones"},{"surface":"wusch","lemma":"waschen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on entstanden","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on entstanden","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"entstanden","lemma":"entstehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the bis-clause","gloss":"came to be"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"das-portal-s1-l4","source":"sie nahm im Fallen manches Attribut","translation":"in ebbing it took many an attribute","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"im Fallen","title":"Infinitive used as noun","body":"im Fallen turns the verb fallen, 'to fall', into a neuter noun Fallen and pairs it with the preposition in. It reads 'in the falling', here describing the tide as it ebbs away. manches Attribut uses the singular determiner manch, 'many a', to mean 'many an attribute' taken one at a time."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nahm","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Fallen","lemma":"Fallen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"ebbing"},{"surface":"manches","lemma":"mancher","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Attribut","gloss":"many a"},{"surface":"Attribut","lemma":"Attribut","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"attribute"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"das-portal-s2-l1","source":"aus ihren Händen, welche viel zu gut","translation":"out of their hands, which are far too good","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"welche","title":"The formal relative pronoun","body":"welche is a more literary alternative to die for 'which, that', here referring back to Händen. It stands in the nominative feminine plural, agreeing with Händen and acting as the subject of the clause it introduces."}],"words":[{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ihren","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Händen","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Händen","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"welche","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of sind","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"viel","lemma":"viel","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gut","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on gut","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"gut","lemma":"gut","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"good"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"das-portal-s2-l2","source":"und gebend sind, um etwas festzuhalten.","translation":"and giving to keep hold of anything.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um … festzuhalten","title":"A clause of purpose","body":"um plus zu and an infinitive expresses purpose, so um dich zu sehen means 'in order to see you'. sehen is the main verb of that clause, with dich as its object. hingetragen, from hintragen, 'to carry toward a place', is a past participle used with a passive sense, 'borne along'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gebend","lemma":"geben","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"giving"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on festzuhalten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"etwas","lemma":"etwas","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"depends on festzuhalten","gloss":"anything"},{"surface":"festzuhalten","lemma":"festhalten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on um","gloss":"to hold onto"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"das-portal-s2-l3","source":"Sie blieben, von den Formen in Basalten","translation":"They remained, set off from the forms in basalt","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Basalten","title":"A poetic plural noun","body":"Basalt is basalt, a dark volcanic stone, normally used without a plural. Here in Basalten treats it as countable, giving 'in basalts' or 'in basalt forms'. The dative plural ending -en follows Steinen and Formen earlier in the sentence, which are also dative plural."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on blieben","gloss":"They"},{"surface":"blieben","lemma":"bleiben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"remained"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on unterschieden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Formen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Formen","lemma":"Form","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"forms"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Formen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Basalten","lemma":"Basalt","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"basalt"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"das-portal-s2-l4","source":"durch einen Nimbus, einen Bischofshut,","translation":"by a nimbus, by a bishop's mitre,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Nimbus","title":"Halo and bishop's hat","body":"der Nimbus is the halo that rings a holy figure's head. der Bischofshut, literally 'bishop's hat', names the bishop's mitre. Both nouns are accusative here because durch, 'by, through', governs the accusative case."}],"words":[{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on unterschieden","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Nimbus","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Nimbus","lemma":"Nimbus","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"nimbus"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Bischofshut","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Bischofshut","lemma":"Bischofshut","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"bishop's mitre"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"das-portal-s3-l1","source":"bisweilen durch ein Lächeln unterschieden,","translation":"at times by a smile set apart,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"unterschieden","title":"Past participle held back","body":"unterscheiden means 'to distinguish, tell apart', so durch ein Lächeln unterschieden is 'set apart by a smile'. The participle unterschieden depends on blieben and completes a clause that began several lines earlier. bisweilen means 'at times, now and then'."}],"words":[{"surface":"bisweilen","lemma":"bisweilen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on unterschieden","gloss":"at times"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on unterschieden","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lächeln","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Lächeln","lemma":"Lächeln","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"smile"},{"surface":"unterschieden","lemma":"unterscheiden","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on blieben","gloss":"set apart"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"das-portal-s3-l2","source":"für das ein Antlitz seiner Stunden Frieden","translation":"for which a face has kept the peace of its hours","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Antlitz","title":"An elevated word for face","body":"Antlitz is an elevated, poetic word for 'face, countenance'; everyday German uses Gesicht instead. Seiner Stunden is a genitive plural meaning 'of its hours', placed before the noun Frieden that it modifies. This word order puts the genitive phrase ahead of the noun it depends on."}],"words":[{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bewahrt","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on für","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Antlitz","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Antlitz","lemma":"Antlitz","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of bewahrt","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Stunden","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Stunden","lemma":"Stunde","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Frieden","gloss":"hours"},{"surface":"Frieden","lemma":"Frieden","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of bewahrt","gloss":"peace"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"das-portal-s3-l3","source":"bewahrt hat als ein stilles Zifferblatt;","translation":"as a quiet clock-face;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Zifferblatt","title":"A compound noun for clock-face","body":"Zifferblatt names a clock or watch face, built from Ziffer, 'numeral', and Blatt, 'leaf, plate'. It is accusative singular after als, 'as', following the pattern als plus a noun phrase. bewahren, 'to preserve, keep safe', supplies the participle bewahrt that goes with hat."}],"words":[{"surface":"bewahrt","lemma":"bewahren","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"kept"},{"surface":"hat","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Zifferblatt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Zifferblatt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stilles","lemma":"still","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Zifferblatt","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"Zifferblatt","lemma":"Zifferblatt","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"clock-face"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"das-portal-s4-l1","source":"jetzt fortgerückt ins Leere ihres Tores,","translation":"now pushed forward into the void of their gate,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fortgerückt","title":"Separable verb as participle","body":"fortrücken, 'to move forward, to shift away', is a separable verb, and its past participle fortgerückt keeps the prefix attached. Here it works as a participial phrase meaning 'now moved forward'. ins Leere combines in and das Leere, 'the void', and ihres Tores is a genitive meaning 'of their gate'."}],"words":[{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fortgerückt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"fortgerückt","lemma":"fortrücken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"pushed forward"},{"surface":"ins","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortgerückt","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Leere","lemma":"Leere","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ins","gloss":"void"},{"surface":"ihres","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Tores","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Tores","lemma":"Tor","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Leere","gloss":"gate"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"das-portal-s4-l2","source":"waren sie einst die Muschel eines Ohres","translation":"once they were the shell of an ear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Muschel eines Ohres","title":"The shell of an ear","body":"die Muschel means 'shell', both a seashell and the curved hollow of the outer ear. eines Ohres is genitive, 'of an ear', and depends on Muschel. einst means 'once, formerly', marking a past state that no longer holds."}],"words":[{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"einst","lemma":"einst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Muschel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Muschel","lemma":"Muschel","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"shell"},{"surface":"eines","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ohres","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Ohres","lemma":"Ohr","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Muschel","gloss":"ear"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"das-portal-s4-l3","source":"und fingen jedes Stöhnen dieser Stadt.","translation":"and caught every groan of this city.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fingen","title":"Simple past of fangen","body":"fingen is the simple past, third person plural, of fangen, 'to catch'. Jedes Stöhnen means 'every groan', with Stöhnen a noun made from the verb stöhnen, 'to groan'. Dieser Stadt is genitive, 'of this city', and it depends on Stöhnen."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on fingen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fingen","lemma":"fangen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"caught"},{"surface":"jedes","lemma":"jeder","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Stöhnen","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Stöhnen","lemma":"Stöhnen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on fingen","gloss":"groan"},{"surface":"dieser","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stadt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Stadt","lemma":"Stadt","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stöhnen","gloss":"city"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"das-portal-s5-l1","source":"II","translation":"II","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"II","lemma":"II","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"II"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"das-portal-s6-l1","source":"Sehr viele Weite ist gemeint damit:","translation":"A great deal of vastness is meant by it:","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ist gemeint damit","title":"Passive with sein plus participle","body":"meinen means 'to intend, to signify', and its passive is formed with sein plus the participle gemeint, 'to be meant'. damit fuses da- and mit into one word meaning 'by it, by that'. So ist gemeint damit reads 'is meant by it'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sehr","lemma":"sehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on viele","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"viele","lemma":"viel","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Weite","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"Weite","lemma":"Weite","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"vastness"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"gemeint","lemma":"meinen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"damit","lemma":"damit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gemeint","gloss":"by it"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"das-portal-s6-l2","source":"so wie mit den Kulissen einer Szene","translation":"just as, with the flats of a stage-set,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kulissen","title":"Theatre flats and scene","body":"die Kulissen are the painted side flats and wings of a theatre set, the panels arranged at the edges of a stage. eine Szene is 'a scene'. Kulissen is dative here because it follows mit, and Szene is genitive because it depends on Kulissen."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Kulissen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kulissen","lemma":"Kulisse","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"flats"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Szene","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Szene","lemma":"Szene","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Kulissen","gloss":"stage-set"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"das-portal-s6-l3","source":"die Welt gemeint ist; und so wie durch jene","translation":"the world is meant; and just as through them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Welt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Welt","lemma":"Welt","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"gemeint","lemma":"meinen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"meant"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"jene","lemma":"jener","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"those"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"das-portal-s6-l4","source":"der Held im Mantel seiner Handlung tritt:–","translation":"the hero steps in the cloak of his action:—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tritt","title":"Strong verb, stem change","body":"treten, 'to step, stride', is a strong verb whose stem vowel changes in the third person singular present, giving er tritt rather than a regular form. Here tritt is the main verb of the sentence, with Held as its subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Held","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Held","lemma":"Held","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"hero"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Mantel","lemma":"Mantel","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Handlung","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Handlung","lemma":"Handlung","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Mantel","gloss":"action"},{"surface":"tritt:–","lemma":"treten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"steps"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"das-portal-s6-l5","source":"so tritt das Dunkel dieses Tores handelnd","translation":"so the darkness of this gate steps acting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s6-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"handelnd","title":"Present participle used adverbially","body":"handelnd is the present participle of handeln, 'to act', used here as an adverb meaning 'acting, in the act'. It describes how the subject tritt, 'steps', rather than modifying a noun. The participle depends directly on the verb tritt."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"tritt","lemma":"treten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Dunkel","lemma":"Dunkel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Tores","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Tores","lemma":"Tor","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"gate"},{"surface":"handelnd","lemma":"handeln","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"acting"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"das-portal-s6-l6","source":"auf seiner Tiefe tragisches Theater,","translation":"onto the tragic theatre of its depth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s6-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"auf seiner Tiefe tragisches Theater","title":"A genitive phrase wraps the object","body":"seiner Tiefe is genitive, 'of its depth', and it sits inside the noun phrase tragisches Theater rather than after it. Read together the sense is 'tragic theatre of its depth'. tragisches carries accusative neuter singular endings to agree with Theater."}],"words":[{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Tiefe","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Tiefe","lemma":"Tiefe","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Theater","gloss":"depth"},{"surface":"tragisches","lemma":"tragisch","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Theater","gloss":"tragic"},{"surface":"Theater","lemma":"Theater","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"theatre"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"das-portal-s6-l7","source":"so grenzenlos und wallend wie Gott-Vater","translation":"as boundless and surging as God the Father,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s6-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"grenzenlos / wallend","title":"Boundless and surging","body":"grenzenlos means 'boundless, without limit', built from Grenze, 'border', plus the negating suffix -los. wallend, from wallen, means 'surging, billowing, flowing', often used of water, robes, or crowds. Both words describe Gott-Vater, 'God the Father', in this comparison introduced by wie, 'as'."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on grenzenlos","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"grenzenlos","lemma":"grenzenlos","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"boundless"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on grenzenlos","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wallend","lemma":"wallend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"surging"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Gott-Vater","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Gott-Vater","lemma":"Gott-Vater","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"God the Father"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"das-portal-s6-l8","source":"und so wie Er sich wunderlich verwandelnd","translation":"and just as He, strangely transforming Himself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s6-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich verwandelnd","title":"Reflexive, as participle","body":"sich verwandeln means 'to transform, to change oneself'; verwandelnd is its present participle, 'transforming himself'. wunderlich means 'strange, curious'. sich depends on verwandelnd as its reflexive object, and verwandelnd itself depends on Er as its subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on so","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Er","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on verwandelnd","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"wunderlich","lemma":"wunderlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verwandelnd","gloss":"strangely"},{"surface":"verwandelnd","lemma":"verwandelnd","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Er","gloss":"transforming"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"das-portal-s7-l1","source":"in einen Sohn, der aufgeteilt ist hier","translation":"into a Son who here is parcelled out","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aufgeteilt ist","title":"Separable verb forms a passive","body":"aufteilen means 'to divide up, parcel out' and is a separable verb. aufgeteilt ist is the present passive, 'is divided up', formed from the participle aufgeteilt and the auxiliary ist. Der is the relative pronoun 'who', the subject of ist in its own clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Sohn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Sohn","lemma":"Sohn","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"Son"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"aufgeteilt","lemma":"aufteilen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"parcelled out"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"das-portal-s7-l2","source":"auf viele kleine beinah stumme Rollen,","translation":"among many small, almost mute roles,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"stumme Rollen","title":"Compound noun for silent parts","body":"stumm means 'mute, silent, dumb', and eine Rolle is a theatrical 'role, part'. Together stumme Rollen names non-speaking walk-on parts. Both words carry accusative feminine plural endings, agreeing with viele and kleine in the same phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"viele","lemma":"viel","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Rollen","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"kleine","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Rollen","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"beinah","lemma":"beinah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stumme","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"stumme","lemma":"stumm","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Rollen","gloss":"mute"},{"surface":"Rollen","lemma":"Rolle","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"roles"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"das-portal-s7-l3","source":"genommen aus des Elends Zubehör.","translation":"taken from misery's stock of properties.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"des Elends Zubehör","title":"Genitive placed before noun","body":"das Elend means 'misery, wretchedness'. das Zubehör means 'accessories, fittings, stock of properties', a term used for stage properties in theatre. des Elends is a genitive placed before its noun, so des Elends Zubehör reads 'misery's stock of properties' rather than the usual order after the noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"genommen","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on Rollen","gloss":"taken"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on genommen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Elends","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Elends","lemma":"Elend","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Zubehör","gloss":"misery's"},{"surface":"Zubehör","lemma":"Zubehör","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"stock of properties"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"das-portal-s8-l1","source":"Denn nur noch so entsteht (das wissen wir)","translation":"For only thus does there arise (this we know)","stanza":8,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Denn … entsteht","title":"Coordinating conjunction 'for'","body":"denn means 'for, because' and is a coordinating conjunction, so it does not push the verb to the end of the clause. entsteht, from entstehen, 'to arise, come into being', keeps its normal second position even though the parenthetical das wissen wir is inserted. nur noch so means 'only in this way now'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on entsteht","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on entsteht","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on so","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on entsteht","gloss":"thus"},{"surface":"entsteht","lemma":"entstehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arises"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wissen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"wissen","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the parenthetical","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"wir","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wissen","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"das-portal-s8-l2","source":"aus Blinden, Fortgeworfenen und Tollen","translation":"out of the blind, the cast-off and the mad","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s8-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Fortgeworfenen / Tollen","title":"Adjectives used as nouns","body":"Blinden, Fortgeworfenen, and Tollen are adjectives used as nouns, each in the dative plural after the preposition aus. Blind gives 'the blind', fortgeworfen, from fortwerfen, 'to throw away', gives 'the cast off', and toll gives 'the mad'. All three depend on the same preposition, joined by und."}],"words":[{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Blinden","lemma":"blind","morphology":"noun, dative, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"the blind"},{"surface":"Fortgeworfenen","lemma":"fortgeworfen","morphology":"noun, dative, plural","role":"depends on Blinden","gloss":"the cast-off"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Fortgeworfenen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tollen","lemma":"toll","morphology":"noun, dative, plural","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"the mad"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"das-portal-s8-l3","source":"der Heiland wie ein einziger Akteur.","translation":"the Saviour, like a single actor.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s8-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Heiland","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Heiland","lemma":"Heiland","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Saviour"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Akteur","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Akteur","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"einziger","lemma":"einzig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Akteur","gloss":"single"},{"surface":"Akteur","lemma":"Akteur","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"actor"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"das-portal-s9-l1","source":"III","translation":"III","stanza":9,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s9-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"III","lemma":"III","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"III"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"das-portal-s10-l1","source":"So ragen sie, die Herzen angehalten","translation":"So they tower, their hearts held still","stanza":10,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s10-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ragen","title":"Verb for towering upward","body":"ragen means 'to tower, loom, jut up', and here it is present tense third person plural, agreeing with sie. die Herzen angehalten is a participial phrase with no finite verb, 'their hearts held still', added onto the main clause. angehalten is the past participle of anhalten, 'to stop, hold'."}],"words":[{"surface":"So","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ragen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ragen","lemma":"ragen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tower"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on ragen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Herzen","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Herzen","lemma":"Herz","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on angehalten","gloss":"hearts"},{"surface":"angehalten","lemma":"anhalten","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on ragen","gloss":"held still"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"das-portal-s10-l2","source":"(sie stehn auf Ewigkeit und gingen nie);","translation":"(they stand for eternity and never walked);","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s10-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"auf Ewigkeit","title":"For eternity, never walked","body":"auf Ewigkeit means 'for eternity, forever'. stehn is the poetic short form of stehen, 'to stand', dropping the e. gingen is the past tense of gehen, 'to go, to walk', so gingen nie means 'never walked', describing figures that have only ever stood still."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on stehn","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"stehn","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stand","note":"Poetic elision of stehen; the same clipped -n ending recurs on gehn, sehn."},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stehn","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Ewigkeit","lemma":"Ewigkeit","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"eternity"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stehn","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gingen","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"nie","lemma":"nie","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gingen","gloss":"never"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"das-portal-s10-l3","source":"nur selten tritt aus dem Gefäll der Falten","translation":"only seldom does there step from the fall of folds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s10-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gefäll der Falten","title":"The fall of the folds","body":"das Gefäll means 'slope, downward fall'; die Falten are 'folds, pleats'. aus dem Gefäll der Falten means 'from the fall of the folds', with Gefäll depending on aus and Falten in the genitive depending on Gefäll. nur selten, 'only seldom', fronts the clause, placing the adverb before the verb tritt."}],"words":[{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on selten","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"selten","lemma":"selten","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"seldom"},{"surface":"tritt","lemma":"treten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gefäll","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gefäll","lemma":"Gefäll","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Falten","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Falten","lemma":"Falte","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Gefäll","gloss":"folds"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"das-portal-s10-l4","source":"eine Gebärde, aufrecht, steil wie sie,","translation":"a gesture, upright, sheer as they are,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s10-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gebärde","title":"A word for gesture","body":"Gebärde is a feminine noun meaning 'gesture', a movement of the body. Aufrecht, 'upright', and steil, 'sheer, steep', are adverbs describing that gesture. Wie sie means 'as they', comparing the gesture to figures named earlier in the sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gebärde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Gebärde","lemma":"Gebärde","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"aufrecht","lemma":"aufrecht","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Gebärde","gloss":"upright"},{"surface":"steil","lemma":"steil","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Gebärde","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"they"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"das-portal-s11-l1","source":"und bleibt nach einem halben Schritte stehn,","translation":"and stops short after half a step,","stanza":11,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s11-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bleibt … stehn","title":"A separable verb splits apart","body":"stehenbleiben, 'to stop, come to a standstill', is a separable verb. In this clause it splits into bleibt, the finite verb, and stehn, a short form of stehen, which moves to the end of the clause. nach einem halben Schritte, 'after half a step', uses Schritte, an older dative form of Schritt."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on bleibt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bleibt","lemma":"bleiben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stops"},{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stehn","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schritte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"halben","lemma":"halb","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schritte","gloss":"half"},{"surface":"Schritte","lemma":"Schritt","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"stehn","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on bleibt","gloss":"standing"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"das-portal-s11-l2","source":"wo die Jahrhunderte sie überholen.","translation":"where the centuries overtake it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s11-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"überholen","title":"Inseparable verb with über","body":"überholen means 'to overtake, to pass, to outstrip'. die Jahrhunderte means 'the centuries', the subject of the verb. Unlike separable verbs, überholen is inseparable, so its prefix über stays attached to the verb in every form."}],"words":[{"surface":"wo","lemma":"wo","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on überholen","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Jahrhunderte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Jahrhunderte","lemma":"Jahrhundert","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on überholen","gloss":"centuries"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on überholen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"überholen","lemma":"überholen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"overtake"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"das-portal-s11-l3","source":"Sie sind im Gleichgewicht auf den Konsolen,","translation":"They are in balance upon the corbels,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s11-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Konsolen","title":"Balance and corbels","body":"das Gleichgewicht means 'balance, equilibrium', literally 'equal weight'. die Konsolen are 'corbels', the stone brackets that project from a wall to carry a figure. sind is the main verb, and the two prepositional phrases, im Gleichgewicht and auf den Konsolen, both describe where the figures stand."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gleichgewicht","lemma":"Gleichgewicht","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"balance"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Konsolen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Konsolen","lemma":"Konsole","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"corbels"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"das-portal-s11-l4","source":"in denen eine Welt, die sie nicht sehn,","translation":"in which a world that they do not see,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s11-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"in denen","title":"Dative relative pronoun after in","body":"denen is the relative pronoun der in the dative plural, used here after the preposition in to mean 'in which'. It refers back to a plural noun mentioned earlier in the sentence. Die sie nicht sehn is a relative clause meaning 'that they do not see', with sehn a shortened form of sehen."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on denen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"denen","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Welt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Welt","lemma":"Welt","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on sehn","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sehn","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sehn","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"sehn","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"das-portal-s12-l1","source":"die Welt der Wirrnis, die sie nicht zertraten,","translation":"the world of turmoil, which they did not trample,","stanza":12,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s12-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Wirrnis / zertraten","title":"A noun and its matching verb","body":"die Wirrnis means 'confusion, tangle, turmoil', built from the adjective wirr, 'tangled, confused'. zertreten means 'to trample, crush underfoot', and zertraten is its simple past, third person plural, agreeing with sie. die Welt der Wirrnis, die sie nicht zertraten reads 'the world of turmoil, which they did not trample'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Welt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Welt","lemma":"Welt","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wirrnis","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Wirrnis","lemma":"Wirrnis","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Welt","gloss":"turmoil"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zertraten","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on zertraten","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on zertraten","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zertraten","lemma":"zertreten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"trampled"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"das-portal-s12-l2","source":"Figur und Tier, wie um sie zu gefährden,","translation":"figure and beast, as if to endanger them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s12-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um sie zu gefährden","title":"Purpose clause with um zu","body":"um plus zu and an infinitive expresses purpose, so um sie zu gefährden means 'in order to endanger them'. gefährden means 'to endanger, to imperil', built from Gefahr, 'danger'. wie before um adds the sense 'as though', making the purpose only apparent rather than certain."}],"words":[{"surface":"Figur","lemma":"Figur","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"figure"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Figur","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tier","lemma":"Tier","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"beast"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on gefährden","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on gefährden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on gefährden","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on gefährden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gefährden","lemma":"gefährden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the um-zu clause","gloss":"endanger"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"das-portal-s12-l3","source":"sich krümmt und schüttelt und sie dennoch hält:","translation":"writhes and shakes, and yet upholds them:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s12-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich krümmt und schüttelt","title":"Two reflexive verbs, one pronoun","body":"sich krümmen means 'to writhe, to bend'; sich schütteln means 'to shake oneself'. The two verbs share the single reflexive pronoun sich. dennoch means 'nevertheless, yet', and hält, from halten, 'to hold up', takes sie as its object."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on krümmt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"krümmt","lemma":"krümmen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"writhes"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on krümmt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"schüttelt","lemma":"schütteln","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"shakes"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on schüttelt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on hält","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"dennoch","lemma":"dennoch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hält","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"hält","lemma":"halten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"upholds"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"das-portal-s13-l1","source":"weil die Gestalten dort wie Akrobaten","translation":"because the figures there, like acrobats,","stanza":13,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s13-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"weil … gebärden","title":"Because sends the verb last","body":"weil, 'because', is a subordinating conjunction, so it pushes the finite verb of its clause to the very end. Here that verb, gebärden, does not appear until a later line. Die Gestalten means 'the figures', and wie Akrobaten means 'like acrobats'."}],"words":[{"surface":"weil","lemma":"weil","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on gebärden","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Gestalten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gestalten","lemma":"Gestalt","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"figures"},{"surface":"dort","lemma":"dort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Gestalten","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Akrobaten","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Akrobaten","lemma":"Akrobat","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"acrobats"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"das-portal-s13-l2","source":"sich nur so zuckend und so wild gebärden,","translation":"behave so twitching and so wild only","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s13-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich … gebärden","title":"A reflexive verb for behaving","body":"sich gebärden means 'to behave, carry on, gesticulate' and always takes the reflexive pronoun sich. zuckend, 'twitching', and wild, 'wild', both describe how the subject behaves. nur so points forward, meaning 'only in this way', and sets up a purpose that follows later in the sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on gebärden","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zuckend","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zuckend","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"zuckend","lemma":"zuckend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gebärden","gloss":"twitching"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on zuckend","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wild","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"wild","lemma":"wild","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"wild"},{"surface":"gebärden","lemma":"gebärden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"behave"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"das-portal-s13-l3","source":"damit der Stab auf ihrer Stirn nicht fällt.","translation":"so that the staff upon their brow does not fall.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/das-portal-s13-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"damit … nicht fällt","title":"Purpose clause with damit","body":"damit means 'so that, in order that' and introduces a purpose clause, which sends the finite verb fällt to the very end. der Stab means 'a staff, a rod', and die Stirn means 'the brow, the forehead'. The clause reads 'so that the staff upon their brow does not fall'."}],"words":[{"surface":"damit","lemma":"damit","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on fällt","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Stab","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Stab","lemma":"Stab","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fällt","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fällt","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stirn","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Stirn","lemma":"Stirn","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on fällt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"fällt","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"falls"}]}]}