{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"david-singt-vor-saul","title":{"source":"David singt vor Saul","translated":"David Sings before Saul"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul","lines":44},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/abisag","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/josuas-landtag","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l1","source":"König, hörst du, wie mein Saitenspiel","translation":"King, do you hear how my playing of the strings","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Saitenspiel","title":"The word Saitenspiel","body":"'Saitenspiel' compounds 'Saite', 'string' of an instrument, not 'Seite', 'page or side', and 'Spiel', 'playing'. It names the playing of a stringed instrument, here nominative singular, subject of the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hörst (vocative address)","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"hörst","lemma":"hören","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you hear"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on hörst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wirft (following line)","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"mein","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Saitenspiel","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Saitenspiel","lemma":"Saitenspiel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wirft (following line)","gloss":"string-play"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l2","source":"Fernen wirft, durch die wir uns bewegen?","translation":"throws out distances, through which we move?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Fernen","title":"Ferne turned into a plural","body":"'Ferne' is the abstract noun 'distance, the faraway'. Here it is pluralized to 'Fernen', 'distances, far reaches', a concrete accusative plural object of 'wirft', 'throws, casts'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fernen","lemma":"Ferne","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on wirft","gloss":"distances"},{"surface":"wirft","lemma":"werfen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"throws"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bewegen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"wir","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on bewegen","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"uns","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on bewegen","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"bewegen","lemma":"bewegen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by die","gloss":"move"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l3","source":"Sterne treiben uns verwirrt entgegen,","translation":"stars drift toward us, bewildered,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"uns ... entgegen","title":"A dative directional","body":"'entgegen', 'toward, to meet', governs the dative and usually trails its object: 'uns entgegen' means 'toward us'. It is split here from the verb 'treiben', which stands earlier in the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sterne","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of treiben","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"treiben","lemma":"treiben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drift"},{"surface":"uns","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on entgegen","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"verwirrt","lemma":"verwirrt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on treiben","gloss":"bewildered"},{"surface":"entgegen","lemma":"entgegen","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on treiben","gloss":"toward"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l4","source":"und wir fallen endlich wie ein Regen,","translation":"and at last we fall like a rain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on fallen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wir","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on fallen","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"fallen","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"endlich","lemma":"endlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fallen","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative particle","role":"depends on Regen","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Regen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Regen","lemma":"Regen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fallen","gloss":"rain"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l5","source":"und es blüht, wo dieser Regen fiel.","translation":"and it blooms where this rain has fallen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"es blüht","title":"Impersonal es bluht","body":"'es' is an impersonal subject here, as in 'es regnet', 'it is raining'. 'es bluht' means 'there is blooming', with no named grammatical subject doing the blooming."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on blüht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on blüht","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"blüht","lemma":"blühen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"blooms"},{"surface":"wo","lemma":"wo","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"dieser","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Regen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Regen","lemma":"Regen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fiel","gloss":"rain"},{"surface":"fiel","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the wo-clause","gloss":"fell"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l1","source":"Mädchen blühen, die du noch erkannt,","translation":"Girls are in bloom whom you once knew,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"erkannt","title":"To know","body":"'erkennen' means 'to recognize, to know'. In Luther's Bible it also carries the older sense 'to know' a person carnally. 'erkannt' is its past participle, agreeing with 'die', 'whom'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mädchen","lemma":"Mädchen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of blühen","gloss":"girls"},{"surface":"blühen","lemma":"blühen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are in bloom"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on erkannt","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on erkannt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erkannt","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"erkannt","lemma":"erkennen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by die","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l2","source":"die jetzt Frauen sind und mich verführen;","translation":"who now are women and seduce me;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Frauen","lemma":"Frau","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects sind and verführen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on verführen","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"verführen","lemma":"verführen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinates with sind","gloss":"seduce"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l3","source":"den Geruch der Jungfraun kannst du spüren,","translation":"the scent of the maidens you can sense,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der Jungfraun","title":"Genitive plural der Jungfraun","body":"'der Jungfraun' is the genitive plural of 'die Jungfrau', 'maiden, virgin', elided from 'Jungfrauen' to 'Jungfraun' for the metre. The genitive depends on 'Geruch', 'scent': 'the scent of the maidens'."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Geruch","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Geruch","lemma":"Geruch","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on spüren","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Jungfraun","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Jungfraun","lemma":"Jungfrau","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Geruch","gloss":"maidens","note":"Jungfraun elides the final -en of Jungfrauen for the meter."},{"surface":"kannst","lemma":"können","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on kannst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"spüren","lemma":"spüren","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on kannst","gloss":"sense"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l4","source":"und die Knaben stehen, angespannt","translation":"and the youths stand, taut,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stehen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Knaben","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Knaben","lemma":"Knabe","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of stehen","gloss":"youths"},{"surface":"stehen","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"angespannt","lemma":"angespannt","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on Knaben","gloss":"taut"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l5","source":"schlank und atmend, an verschwiegnen Türen.","translation":"slender and breathing, at hushed doors.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verschwiegnen","title":"Discreet, hushed","body":"'verschwiegen' means 'silent about something, discreet, that keeps a secret', from 'schweigen', 'to be silent'. The e of 'verschwiegenen' is dropped to 'verschwiegnen', dative plural after 'an', for the metre."}],"words":[{"surface":"schlank","lemma":"schlank","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on stehen","gloss":"slender"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on schlank","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"atmend","lemma":"atmen","morphology":"verb, participle (used as predicate adjective)","role":"depends on stehen","gloss":"breathing"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stehen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"verschwiegnen","lemma":"verschwiegen","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Türen","gloss":"hushed","note":"verschwiegnen elides the e of verschwiegenen for the meter."},{"surface":"Türen","lemma":"Tür","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"doors"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l1","source":"Daß mein Klang dir alles wiederbrächte.","translation":"If only my sound could bring it all back to you.","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wiederbrächte","title":"Past subjunctive wish","body":"'wiederbrachte' is the Konjunktiv II, past subjunctive, of the separable verb 'wiederbringen', 'to bring back'. A bare 'Daß' clause in the subjunctive expresses an unfulfilled wish. The dative 'dir' means 'to you'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (optative)","role":"depends on wiederbrächte","gloss":"if only"},{"surface":"mein","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Klang","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Klang","lemma":"Klang","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of wiederbrächte","gloss":"sound"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on wiederbrächte","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wiederbrächte","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"wiederbrächte","lemma":"wiederbringen","morphology":"verb, past subjunctive (Konjunktiv II), third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could bring back"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l2","source":"Aber trunken taumelt mein Getön:","translation":"But drunken, my sounding reels:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Getön","title":"The word Geton","body":"'Geton' is a collective noun formed with the 'Ge-' prefix from 'Ton', 'tone, sound': 'a mass of sound'. This 'Ge-' pattern bundles a repeated action or noise into one noun, compare 'Gerede', 'chatter'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on taumelt","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"trunken","lemma":"trunken","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Getön","gloss":"drunken"},{"surface":"taumelt","lemma":"taumeln","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"reels"},{"surface":"mein","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Getön","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Getön","lemma":"Getön","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of taumelt","gloss":"sounding"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l3","source":"Deine Nächte, König, deine Nächte–,","translation":"Your nights, King, your nights—,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Deine","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Nächte","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Nächte","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"parenthetical address","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"deine","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Nächte–","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Nächte–","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"in apposition to Nächte","gloss":"nights"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l4","source":"und wie waren, die dein Schaffen schwächte,","translation":"and how they were, those your making weakened,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die dein Schaffen schwächte","title":"Object before subject in the clause","body":"'die', the relative pronoun, is the accusative object; 'dein Schaffen', 'your creating', is the subject; 'schwachte', 'weakened', past tense, closes the clause. German allows the object to lead a relative clause for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative, accusative, plural","role":"depends on schwächte","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"dein","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Schaffen","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Schaffen","lemma":"Schaffen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of schwächte","gloss":"making"},{"surface":"schwächte","lemma":"schwächen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by die","gloss":"weakened"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l5","source":"o wie waren alle Leiber schön.","translation":"oh how beautiful all the bodies were.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Leiber","title":"Leib turned into a plural","body":"'Leib' means the body as living flesh, distinct from the neutral 'Korper'. Its plural is 'Leiber', nominative here, subject of 'waren': 'all the bodies were'."}],"words":[{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"adverb, exclamatory","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"aller","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Leiber","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Leiber","lemma":"Leib","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of waren","gloss":"bodies"},{"surface":"schön","lemma":"schön","morphology":"adjective, predicative, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"beautiful"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s4-l1","source":"Dein Erinnern glaub ich zu begleiten,","translation":"Your remembering I believe I accompany,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dein Erinnern","title":"Nominalized verb das Erinnern","body":"Any German infinitive can become a neuter noun: 'erinnern', 'to remember', becomes 'das Erinnern', 'the remembering'. Capitalized and preceded by 'dein', 'your', it is the accusative object of 'begleiten', 'to accompany'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dein","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Erinnern","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Erinnern","lemma":"Erinnern","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on begleiten","gloss":"remembering"},{"surface":"glaub","lemma":"glauben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believe"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on glaub","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on begleiten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"begleiten","lemma":"begleiten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on glaub","gloss":"accompany"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s4-l2","source":"weil ich ahne. Doch auf welchen Saiten","translation":"because I sense it. But on which strings","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"weil ich ahne","title":"weil sends the verb to the end","body":"'weil', 'because', is a subordinating conjunction, so its finite verb moves to the clause's end: 'weil ich ahne' means 'because I sense it'. 'ahnen' means to feel or guess at something obscurely."}],"words":[{"surface":"weil","lemma":"weil","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on ahne","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on ahne","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ahne","lemma":"ahnen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sense"},{"surface":"Doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on greif (following line)","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on greif (following line)","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"welchen","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Saiten","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Saiten","lemma":"Saite","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"strings"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s4-l3","source":"greif ich dir ihr dunkles Lustgestöhn?–","translation":"do I pluck for you their dark moan of pleasure?—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Lustgestöhn","title":"The word Lustgestohn","body":"'Lustgestohn' compounds 'Lust', 'desire, pleasure', with 'Gestohn', the 'Ge-' collective of 'stohnen', 'to moan': 'a moaning of pleasure'. 'greifen' means both 'to grasp' and, of an instrument, 'to finger or strike a note'."}],"words":[{"surface":"greif","lemma":"greifen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pluck"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on greif","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on greif","gloss":"for you"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lustgestöhn?–","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"dunkles","lemma":"dunkel","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lustgestöhn?–","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Lustgestöhn?–","lemma":"Lustgestöhn","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on greif","gloss":"moan of pleasure"}]},{"heading":"II","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-p2"},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l1","source":"König, der du alles dieses hattest","translation":"King, you who had all of this","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"König, der du ... hattest","title":"Relative agreeing with you","body":"In elevated address, a person spoken to in the second person takes the relative 'der, du ...' with a second person verb: 'Konig, der du ... hattest' means 'King, you who had ...'. 'hattest' stays in the du form though its pronoun is 'der'."}],"words":[{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (vocative address)","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hattest","gloss":"who","note":"\"der du\" is an archaic poetic form of address meaning \"you who.\""},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on hattest","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on dieses","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hattest","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"hattest","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"had"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l2","source":"und der du mit lauter Leben mich","translation":"and you who with sheer life","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lauter","title":"Sheer, nothing but","body":"Indeclinable 'lauter' means 'nothing but, pure, sheer': 'mit lauter Leben' means 'with nothing but life'. Do not confuse it with the adjective 'laut', 'loud', which does decline."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on überwältigest (following line)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on überwältigest (following line)","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on überwältigest (following line)","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on überwältigest (following line)","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"lauter","lemma":"lauter","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"mich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on überwältigest (following line)","gloss":"me"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l3","source":"überwältigest und überschattest:","translation":"overpower and overshadow me:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"überwältigest","title":"Inseparable uber verbs","body":"In 'uberwaltigen', 'to overpower', the prefix 'uber-' is inseparable and unstressed, so the verb stays whole: 'du uberwaltigest mich', not a split form. The '-est' ending is an older, fuller du form."}],"words":[{"surface":"überwältigest","lemma":"überwältigen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (archaic -est ending)","role":"main verb of the relative clause begun by der du","gloss":"overpower"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on überwältigest","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"überschattest","lemma":"überschatten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular (archaic -est ending)","role":"coordinates with überwältigest","gloss":"overshadow"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l4","source":"komm aus deinem Throne und zerbrich","translation":"come down from your throne and shatter","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"komm ... zerbrich","title":"Imperatives komm and zerbrich","body":"Both are familiar singular commands. 'komm', from 'kommen', drops the ending. 'zerbrich', from 'zerbrechen', 'to smash to pieces', shows the strong verb vowel shift e to i that such verbs take in the du imperative, compare 'gib', 'nimm'."}],"words":[{"surface":"komm","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on komm","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"deinem","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Throne","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Throne","lemma":"Thron","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on zerbrich","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zerbrich","lemma":"zerbrechen","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shatter"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l5","source":"meine Harfe, die du so ermattest.","translation":"my harp, which you so exhaust.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"meine","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Harfe","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Harfe","lemma":"Harfe","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zerbrich (previous line)","gloss":"harp"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ermattest","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on ermattest","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ermattest","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ermattest","lemma":"ermatten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by die","gloss":"exhaust"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s6-l1","source":"Sie ist wie ein abgenommner Baum:","translation":"It is like a tree picked bare:","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"abgenommner","title":"Picked, harvested","body":"'abgenommner' is the past participle of separable 'abnehmen', 'to take off or down', contracted from 'abgenommener' for the line. 'ein abgenommner Baum' means 'a tree whose fruit has been picked off'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative particle","role":"depends on Baum","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Baum","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"abgenommner","lemma":"abgenommen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Baum","gloss":"picked bare","note":"abgenommner elides the e of abgenommener, the participle of abnehmen."},{"surface":"Baum","lemma":"Baum","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"tree"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s6-l2","source":"durch die Zweige, die dir Frucht getragen,","translation":"through the branches that bore you fruit,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die dir Frucht getragen","title":"Dropped auxiliary haben getragen","body":"'getragen' is the past participle of 'tragen', 'to bear, carry'; in a relative clause the auxiliary 'haben' can be left out in verse: 'die dir Frucht getragen (haben)', 'that have borne you fruit'. 'dir' is the dative of advantage."}],"words":[{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schaut (following line)","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Zweige","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Zweige","lemma":"Zweig","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"branches"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative, nominative, plural","role":"depends on getragen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on getragen","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"Frucht","lemma":"Frucht","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on getragen","gloss":"fruit"},{"surface":"getragen","lemma":"tragen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by die","gloss":"bore"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s6-l3","source":"schaut jetzt eine Tiefe wie von Tagen,","translation":"now a depth peers in as if of days","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"schaut","lemma":"schauen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"peers"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schaut","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Tiefe","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Tiefe","lemma":"Tiefe","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of schaut","gloss":"depth"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative particle","role":"depends on schaut","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Tagen","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"days"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s6-l4","source":"welche kommen–, und ich kenn sie kaum.","translation":"that are coming—, and I scarcely know them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"von Tagen, welche kommen","title":"welche as a relative pronoun","body":"'welche' here is a relative pronoun, an elevated alternative to 'die': 'Tagen, welche kommen' means 'days that are coming'. 'kenn' is elided from 'kenne', first person singular of 'kennen'."}],"words":[{"surface":"welche","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"pronoun, relative, nominative, plural","role":"depends on kommen–","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"kommen–","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause introduced by welche","gloss":"are coming"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kenn","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on kenn","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"kenn","lemma":"kennen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on kenn","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"kaum","lemma":"kaum","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kenn","gloss":"scarcely"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s7-l1","source":"Laß mich nicht mehr bei der Harfe schlafen;","translation":"Let me sleep no longer by the harp;","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Laß mich ... schlafen","title":"lassen plus infinitive, to let","body":"'lassen' plus a bare infinitive means 'to let, to allow someone to do something': 'Laß mich ... schlafen' means 'let me sleep', with the infinitive sent to the end. 'Laß' is the du imperative, spelled here with 'ß'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Laß","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"mich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on Laß","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on Laß","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"bei","lemma":"bei","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schlafen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Harfe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Harfe","lemma":"Harfe","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on bei","gloss":"harp"},{"surface":"schlafen","lemma":"schlafen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on Laß","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s7-l2","source":"sich dir diese Knabenhand da an:","translation":"look at this boy's hand here:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich ... an","title":"Separable ansehen, and a printed sich","body":"The sense here is the du imperative of separable 'ansehen', 'to look at': 'sieh dir ... an' means 'take a look at ... for yourself', the prefix 'an' at the clause's end with reflexive dative 'dir'. The cached text prints 'sich'; the established reading is 'sieh'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look","note":"Surface reads \"sich\" but the sense (and the translation \"look at\") requires the imperative \"Sieh\" opening the idiom \"sieh dir etwas an\" (look at something); likely a transcription variant of Sieh."},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on sich","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"diese","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Knabenhand","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Knabenhand","lemma":"Knabenhand","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on sich","gloss":"boy's hand"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sich","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"ansehen","morphology":"particle, separable verb prefix","role":"depends on sich","gloss":"at"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s7-l3","source":"glaubst du, König, daß sie die Oktaven","translation":"do you believe, King, that it the octaves","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"daß sie die Oktaven ... greifen kann","title":"daß drives the verb to the end","body":"'daß', 'that', is subordinating, so the finite verb 'kann' moves to the very end, across the line break. 'sie' refers to 'Knabenhand'; 'greifen' of a hand means 'to reach or grasp', of music 'to span an interval'."}],"words":[{"surface":"glaubst","lemma":"glauben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do you believe"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on glaubst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"parenthetical address","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on greifen (following line)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of kann (following line)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Oktaven","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Oktaven","lemma":"Oktave","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on greifen (following line)","gloss":"octaves"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s7-l4","source":"eines Leibes noch nicht greifen kann?","translation":"of a body cannot yet span?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s7-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"eines","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Leibes","gloss":"of a"},{"surface":"Leibes","lemma":"Leib","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on greifen","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on kann","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"greifen","lemma":"greifen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on kann","gloss":"span"},{"surface":"kann","lemma":"können","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"}]},{"heading":"III","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-p3"},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l1","source":"König, birgst du dich in Finsternissen,","translation":"King, though you hide yourself in darknesses,","stanza":8,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"birgst du dich","title":"To hide oneself","body":"'bergen' means 'to shelter, conceal, salvage'; reflexive 'sich bergen' means 'to hide, to take refuge'. It is a strong verb with the vowel shift e to i in the du form: 'du birgst dich'."}],"words":[{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"birgst","lemma":"bergen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on birgst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"dich","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on birgst","gloss":"yourself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on birgst","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Finsternissen","lemma":"Finsternis","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"darknesses"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l2","source":"und ich hab dich doch in der Gewalt.","translation":"still I have you in my power.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"doch","title":"Still, nonetheless","body":"'doch' is a flavoring particle meaning 'yet, still, all the same', adding contrast without changing the sentence's grammar. 'in der Gewalt haben' is the fixed idiom 'to have in one's power'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hab","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on hab","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"hab","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"dich","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on hab","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hab","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hab","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gewalt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gewalt","lemma":"Gewalt","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"power","note":"\"in der Gewalt haben\" is the idiom \"to have in one's power/control,\" rendered by the translation as \"in my power.\""}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l3","source":"Sieh, mein festes Lied ist nicht gerissen,","translation":"Look, my firm song is not torn,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Sieh","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"look"},{"surface":"mein","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lied","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"festes","lemma":"fest","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lied","gloss":"firm"},{"surface":"Lied","lemma":"Lied","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ist","gloss":"song"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on gerissen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gerissen","lemma":"reißen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"torn"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l4","source":"und der Raum wird um uns beide kalt.","translation":"and the space grows cold around us both.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Raum","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Raum","lemma":"Raum","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of wird","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"uns","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on um","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"beide","lemma":"beide","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on uns","gloss":"both"},{"surface":"kalt","lemma":"kalt","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"cold"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l5","source":"Mein verwaistes Herz und dein verworrnes","translation":"My orphaned heart and your tangled one","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verwaistes ... verworrnes","title":"verwaist versus verworren","body":"'verwaist' means 'orphaned, forsaken', from 'Waise', 'orphan'; 'verworren' means 'tangled, confused'. 'dein verworrnes' stands for 'dein verworrnes Herz', the noun 'Herz' omitted but understood from the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mein","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Herz","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"verwaistes","lemma":"verwaist","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Herz","gloss":"orphaned"},{"surface":"Herz","lemma":"Herz","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Herz","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dein","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on verworrnes","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"verworrnes","lemma":"verworren","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Herz","gloss":"tangled one","note":"verworrnes elides the e of verworrenes; the adjective stands elliptically for \"dein verworrenes [Herz].\""}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l6","source":"hängen in den Wolken deines Zornes,","translation":"hang in the clouds of your wrath,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"deines Zornes","title":"Genitive deines Zornes","body":"'deines Zornes' is the genitive of 'dein Zorn', 'your anger', the strong masculine genitive taking the ending '-es'. It depends on 'die Wolken', 'the clouds': 'the clouds of your wrath'."}],"words":[{"surface":"hängen","lemma":"hängen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hang"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hängen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Wolken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wolken","lemma":"Wolke","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"deines","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Zornes","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Zornes","lemma":"Zorn","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wolken","gloss":"wrath"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l7","source":"wütend ineinander eingebissen","translation":"furiously bitten into each other","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ineinander eingebissen","title":"Into one another","body":"'ineinander' means 'into one another', built from 'in' plus 'einander', 'each other'. 'eingebissen' is the past participle of 'sich einbeißen', 'to bite or sink into', paired with the adverb 'wutend', 'furiously'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wütend","lemma":"wütend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on eingebissen","gloss":"furiously"},{"surface":"ineinander","lemma":"ineinander","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on eingebissen","gloss":"into each other"},{"surface":"eingebissen","lemma":"einbeißen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on hängen","gloss":"bitten into"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l8","source":"und zu einem einzigen verkrallt.","translation":"and clawed into a single one.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s8-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verkrallt","title":"To dig claws in","body":"From 'Kralle', 'claw', 'sich verkrallen' means 'to dig one's claws in, to clutch fiercely'. 'zu einem einzigen verkrallt' means 'clawed together into a single one', the phrase 'zu einem einzigen' marking the result of the action."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with eingebissen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verkrallt","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on einzigen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"einzigen","lemma":"einzig","morphology":"adjective (substantivized), dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"single one"},{"surface":"verkrallt","lemma":"verkrallen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on hängen","gloss":"clawed"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l1","source":"Fühlst du jetzt, wie wir uns umgestalten?","translation":"Do you feel now how we are transforming?","stanza":9,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"uns umgestalten","title":"To be transformed","body":"'umgestalten' means 'to reshape, transform', from 'um-', change, plus 'gestalten', 'to shape'. Reflexive 'sich umgestalten' means 'to change shape'; 'wie wir uns umgestalten' means 'how we are reshaping ourselves'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fühlst","lemma":"fühlen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feel"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on Fühlst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Fühlst","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on umgestalten","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"wir","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on umgestalten","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"uns","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on umgestalten","gloss":"ourselves"},{"surface":"umgestalten","lemma":"umgestalten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"depends on Fühlst","gloss":"are transforming"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l2","source":"König, König, das Gewicht wird Geist.","translation":"King, King, the weight becomes spirit.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"das Gewicht wird Geist","title":"werden plus bare noun, to become","body":"'werden' means 'to become'; the thing one becomes follows as a bare predicate noun with no article: 'das Gewicht wird Geist' means 'the weight becomes spirit'. Both nouns are nominative."}],"words":[{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address (to Saul)","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on König","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gewicht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gewicht","lemma":"Gewicht","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"Geist","lemma":"Geist","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"spirit"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l3","source":"Wenn wir uns nur aneinanderhalten,","translation":"If only we hold fast to each other,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Wenn wir uns nur aneinanderhalten","title":"If only","body":"'wenn ... nur' frames a wish or condition: 'if only'. The separable verb 'aneinanderhalten', 'to hold on to one another', keeps its whole form at the end of this wenn clause. Reflexive 'uns' here means 'each other'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on aneinanderhalten","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"wir","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on aneinanderhalten","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"uns","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on aneinanderhalten","gloss":"each other"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on aneinanderhalten","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"aneinanderhalten","lemma":"aneinanderhalten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hold fast"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l4","source":"du am Jungen, König, ich am Alten,","translation":"you to the young one, King, I to the old one,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"am Jungen ... am Alten","title":"Adjectives used as nouns","body":"'am' contracts 'an dem', 'on or to the'. 'der Junge' and 'der Alte' are adjectives turned into nouns, 'the young one' and 'the old one', each dative singular after 'am'."}],"words":[{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on aneinanderhalten","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"am","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aneinanderhalten","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Jungen","lemma":"Junge","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on am","gloss":"young one"},{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"vocative address (to Saul)","gloss":"King"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on aneinanderhalten","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"am","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aneinanderhalten","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Alten","lemma":"Alte","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on am","gloss":"old one"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l5","source":"sind wir fast wie ein Gestirn, das kreist.","translation":"we are almost like a constellation, wheeling.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/david-singt-vor-saul-s9-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gestirn","title":"The word Gestirn","body":"'Gestirn' is a heavenly body or constellation, the 'Ge-' collective of 'Stern', 'star'. 'das kreist', 'that circles, wheels', is a relative clause modifying 'Gestirn', with 'kreist' the third person singular of 'kreisen'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"wir","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"we"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gestirn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Gestirn","lemma":"Gestirn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"constellation"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on kreist","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"kreist","lemma":"kreisen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on Gestirn","gloss":"circles"}]}]}