{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii","title":{"source":"Der Abenteurer I, II","translated":"The Adventurer I, II"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii","lines":49},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-laute","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/falkenbeize","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s1-l1","source":"Wenn er unter jene, welche waren,","translation":"When he stepped in among those who had been,","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"jene, welche waren","title":"Demonstrative standing on its own","body":"jene here is a demonstrative pronoun standing alone, 'those', not an article before a noun. welche waren, 'who were, who had been', uses welche as a formal alternative to die."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on trat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on trat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"unter","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on trat","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"jene","lemma":"jener","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on unter","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"welche","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on jene","gloss":"had been"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s1-l2","source":"trat: der Plötzliche, der schien,","translation":"trat: the sudden one, who seemed to shine,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"trat","title":"Verb held over a line","body":"trat is the simple past of treten, 'to step'. The clause Wenn er … trat, 'When he stepped in', is split across the line break. der Plötzliche, 'the sudden one', is an adjective made into a noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"trat","lemma":"treten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause introduced by Wenn","gloss":"stepped"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Plötzliche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Plötzliche","lemma":"Plötzliche","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to er","gloss":"sudden one"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"schien","lemma":"scheinen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on Plötzliche","gloss":"seemed to shine"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s1-l3","source":"war ein Glanz wie von Gefahren","translation":"there was a gleam as if of dangers","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Glanz","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Glanz","lemma":"Glanz","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"gleam"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction (comparative, 'as if')","role":"depends on Glanz","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Gefahren","lemma":"Gefahr","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"dangers"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s1-l4","source":"in dem ausgesparten Raum um ihn,","translation":"in the space left clear around him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ausgesparten","title":"Left clear, an empty gap","body":"Past participle of aussparen, 'to leave out, leave open, reserve as a gap'. der ausgesparte Raum names an empty zone. The dative in dem … Raum marks location."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Raum","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ausgesparten","lemma":"ausgespart","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Raum","gloss":"left clear"},{"surface":"Raum","lemma":"Raum","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Raum","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s2-l1","source":"den er lächelnd überschritt, um einer","translation":"which he crossed, smiling, in order for a","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um … aufzuheben","title":"Purpose clause split over lines","body":"um … aufzuheben, 'in order to pick up', is the um … zu construction of purpose, with the infinitive aufzuheben landing two lines later, after einer Herzogin, dative, and den Fächer, accusative."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on überschritt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on überschritt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lächelnd","lemma":"lächelnd","morphology":"adverb (present participle)","role":"depends on überschritt","gloss":"smiling"},{"surface":"überschritt","lemma":"überschreiten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (den)","gloss":"crossed"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction (um…zu)","role":"depends on aufzuheben","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Herzogin","gloss":"a"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s2-l2","source":"Herzogin den Fächer aufzuheben:","translation":"duchess to pick the fan back up:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"einer Herzogin","title":"Dative marks who benefits","body":"Herzogin, 'duchess', stands in the dative, einer Herzogin, marking the person for whom the fan is retrieved, a dative of advantage. aufheben is a separable verb, 'to pick up'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Herzogin","lemma":"Herzogin","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aufzuheben","gloss":"duchess"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Fächer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Fächer","lemma":"Fächer","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aufzuheben","gloss":"fan"},{"surface":"aufzuheben","lemma":"aufheben","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on um","gloss":"to pick up"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s2-l3","source":"diesen warmen Fächer, den er eben","translation":"this warm fan, the one he had just now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"diesen","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Fächer","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"warmen","lemma":"warm","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Fächer","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"Fächer","lemma":"Fächer","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Fächer (previous line)","gloss":"fan"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wollte","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wollte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"eben","lemma":"eben","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wollte","gloss":"just now"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s2-l4","source":"wollte fallen sehen. Und wenn keiner","translation":"wanted to see fall. And when no one","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wollte fallen sehen","title":"Three verbs chain together","body":"wollte, past of wollen, 'wanted', governs sehen, 'to see', which governs fallen, 'to fall', a double infinitive: 'wanted to see it fall'. All three verbs share one subject, er, 'he'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wollte","lemma":"wollen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (den)","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"fallen","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on sehen","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"sehen","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wollte","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on eintrat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"keiner","lemma":"keiner","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on eintrat","gloss":"no one"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l1","source":"mit ihm eintrat in die Fensternische","translation":"entered with him into the window recess","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"eintrat","title":"A separable verb kept whole","body":"eintreten, 'to enter', is separable; in a finite past its particle usually splits to the clause end, but inside this subordinate clause, wenn keiner mit ihm eintrat, the whole verb stays together."}],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on eintrat","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"eintrat","lemma":"eintreten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the wenn-clause","gloss":"entered"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on eintrat","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Fensternische","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Fensternische","lemma":"Fensternische","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"window recess"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l2","source":"(wo die Parke gleich ins Träumerische","translation":"(where the gardens at once into the dreamlike","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ins Träumerische","title":"Adjective turned into a noun","body":"das Träumerische, 'the dreamlike, the reverie', is an adjective turned into a neuter abstract noun, capitalized. ins, from in das, with the accusative gives direction."}],"words":[{"surface":"wo","lemma":"wo","morphology":"subordinating (relative) adverb","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Parke","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Parke","lemma":"Park","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"gleich","lemma":"gleich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"ins","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition (contraction of in + das)","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"Träumerische","lemma":"Träumerische","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ins","gloss":"dreamlike"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l3","source":"stiegen, wenn er nur nach ihnen wies),","translation":"rose up, if he so much as pointed at them),","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"stiegen","lemma":"steigen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the wo-clause","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wies","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wies","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wies","gloss":"merely"},{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wies","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ihnen","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"wies","lemma":"weisen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on wenn","gloss":"pointed"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l4","source":"ging er lässig an die Kartentische","translation":"he went casually over to the card tables","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lässig","lemma":"lässig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"casually"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Kartentische","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kartentische","lemma":"Kartentisch","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"card tables"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l5","source":"und gewann. Und unterließ","translation":"and won. And did not fail","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unterließ","title":"To fail to, to omit","body":"Simple past of unterlassen, 'to refrain from, omit, fail to do'. It is completed in the next stanza: unterließ nicht, die Blicke … zu behalten, 'did not fail to keep every glance'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on gewann","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gewann","lemma":"gewinnen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"won"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on unterließ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"unterließ","lemma":"unterlassen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fail"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s4-l1","source":"nicht, die Blicke alle zu behalten,","translation":"to hold on to all the glances,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on unterließ","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Blicke","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Blicke","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on behalten","gloss":"glances"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"all","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Blicke","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on behalten","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"behalten","lemma":"behalten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on unterließ","gloss":"hold onto"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s4-l2","source":"die ihn zweifelnd oder zärtlich trafen,","translation":"that struck him doubtingly or tenderly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zweifelnd oder zärtlich","title":"Present participle used as adverb","body":"zweifelnd, 'doubting, doubtingly', is the present participle of zweifeln, used here as an adverb alongside the adjective zärtlich, 'tenderly', describing how the glances trafen, 'struck', him."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on trafen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on trafen","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"zweifelnd","lemma":"zweifelnd","morphology":"adverb (present participle)","role":"depends on trafen","gloss":"doubtingly"},{"surface":"oder","lemma":"oder","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on zweifelnd","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"zärtlich","lemma":"zärtlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on oder","gloss":"tenderly"},{"surface":"trafen","lemma":"treffen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause (die)","gloss":"struck"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s4-l3","source":"und auch die in Spiegel fielen, galten.","translation":"and those that fell into mirrors counted too.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"galten","title":"Past tense of gelten","body":"Past of gelten, 'to be valid, to count, to hold good'. die in Spiegel fielen, galten means the glances reflected in mirrors 'counted' too. The verb sits at the clause's end."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on galten","gloss":"also"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on galten","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fielen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Spiegel","lemma":"Spiegel","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"mirrors"},{"surface":"fielen","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on die","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"galten","lemma":"gelten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"counted"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s4-l4","source":"Er beschloß, auch heute nicht zu schlafen,","translation":"He resolved not to sleep tonight either,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"beschloß","title":"An older spelling","body":"Simple past of beschließen, 'to decide, resolve'. The ß in beschloß reflects pre-1996 spelling; today it is written beschloss, since a short vowel takes ss."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on beschloß","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"beschloß","lemma":"beschließen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"resolved"},{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"either"},{"surface":"heute","lemma":"heute","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schlafen","gloss":"tonight"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on schlafen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on schlafen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"schlafen","lemma":"schlafen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on beschloß","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s5-l1","source":"wie die letzte lange Nacht, und bog","translation":"as on the last long night, and bent","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition (comparative)","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"letzte","lemma":"letzter","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"lange","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on bog","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bog","lemma":"biegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bent"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s5-l2","source":"einen Blick mit seinem rücksichtslosen,","translation":"a glance with his own ruthless one,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"rücksichtslosen","title":"Without regard for others","body":"rücksichtslos means 'inconsiderate, reckless, ruthless', literally 'without Rücksicht', regard or consideration. The bare ending seinem rücksichtslosen leaves Blick understood, dative after mit: 'with his ruthless one'."}],"words":[{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Blick","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Blick","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bog","gloss":"glance"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Blick","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on rücksichtslosen","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"rücksichtslosen","lemma":"rücksichtslos","morphology":"adjective (substantivized), dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"ruthless one"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s5-l3","source":"welcher war: als hätte er von Rosen","translation":"which was as if he had, from roses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als hätte er","title":"Subjunctive marks a comparison","body":"als hätte er … Kinder, 'as though he had children', is an unreal comparison: als, 'as though', plus the subjunctive II hätte of haben. After als the verb comes immediately, with no ob."}],"words":[{"surface":"welcher","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (welcher)","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"hätte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Rosen","lemma":"Rose","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"roses"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s5-l4","source":"Kinder, die man irgendwo erzog.","translation":"children that were being raised somewhere.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die man … erzog","title":"Impersonal man as a passive","body":"man is the impersonal pronoun, 'one, people, they', here best rendered with an English passive: die man … erzog, 'children that one was raising'. erzog is the past of erziehen, 'to bring up'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Kinder","lemma":"Kind","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on erzog","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on erzog","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"irgendwo","lemma":"irgendwo","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erzog","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"erzog","lemma":"erziehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on die","gloss":"raised"}]},{"heading":"II","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-part-ii"},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l1","source":"In den Tagen–(nein, es waren keine),","translation":"In the days—(no, there were none),","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"es waren keine","title":"A mid-sentence correction","body":"In den Tagen means 'In the days'; nein, es waren keine means 'no, there were none'. keine negates keine Tage, 'no days', the plural noun understood from the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"depends on Tagen–(nein","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tagen–(nein","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural, fused in the source with an interposed dash and parenthetical 'nein'","role":"depends on In","gloss":"days—(no","note":"Rilke's text runs 'Tagen' directly into an em-dash and '(nein,' with no space, so the tokenizer fused them into one surface string; the core word is 'Tag' (day)."},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"keine","lemma":"kein","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"none"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l2","source":"da die Flut sein unterstes Verlies","translation":"when the flood his lowest dungeon","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"da die Flut","title":"Da meaning when, not because","body":"Here da is a temporal conjunction, 'when, at the time that', not causal 'because' and not the adverb 'there'. It opens a subordinate clause whose verbs, bestritt and stieß, wait at the ends of the next lines."}],"words":[{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on bestritt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Flut","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Flut","lemma":"Flut","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on bestritt","gloss":"flood"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Verlies","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"unterstes","lemma":"unterst","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Verlies","gloss":"lowest"},{"surface":"Verlies","lemma":"Verlies","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on bestritt","gloss":"dungeon"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l3","source":"ihm bestritt, als war es nicht das seine,","translation":"disputed with him, as if it were not his own,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bestritt","title":"To dispute, to contest","body":"Past of bestreiten, 'to contest, dispute, deny'. With the dative ihm it means the flood 'disputed the dungeon to him'. das seine is the possessive pronoun standing for sein Verlies."}],"words":[{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bestritt","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"bestritt","lemma":"bestreiten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the da-clause","gloss":"disputed"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on war","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on seine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"pronoun (substantivized possessive), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"own","note":"'das seine' is an idiom meaning 'his own (thing)'."}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l4","source":"und ihn, steigend, an die Steine","translation":"and, rising, drove him against the stones","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"steigend","lemma":"steigend","morphology":"adverb (present participle)","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"rising"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stieß","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Steine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Steine","lemma":"Stein","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l5","source":"der daran gewöhnten Wölbung stieß,","translation":"of the vault long used to it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s6-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der daran gewöhnten Wölbung","title":"A fixed verb plus preposition","body":"sich an etwas gewöhnen means 'to get used to something'; the participle gewöhnt, 'accustomed', keeps that an, compacted into daran, 'to it'. der … Wölbung is genitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wölbung","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"daran","lemma":"daran","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gewöhnten","gloss":"to it"},{"surface":"gewöhnten","lemma":"gewöhnt","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wölbung","gloss":"accustomed"},{"surface":"Wölbung","lemma":"Wölbung","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Steine","gloss":"vault"},{"surface":"stieß","lemma":"stoßen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the da-clause","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s7-l1","source":"fiel ihm plötzlich einer von den Namen","translation":"one of the names suddenly came back to him","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fiel … ein","title":"A separable verb, to occur","body":"jemandem fällt etwas ein means 'something occurs to someone, comes back to mind'. The separable einfallen splits: fiel ihm … einer … wieder ein, with the particle ein on the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"fiel","lemma":"einfallen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular (separable verb, split from ein)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came back","note":"Separable verb 'einfallen' (to come to mind) splits into fiel … ein."},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"einer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on einer","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"depends on Namen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Namen","lemma":"Name","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"names"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s7-l2","source":"wieder ein, die er vor Zeiten trug.","translation":"again, that he had borne in former times.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vor Zeiten","title":"In former times","body":"A set phrase, 'long ago, in former times, of old'. er trug is the past of tragen, here meaning 'to bear, carry a name', with die, 'that', as its accusative object."}],"words":[{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"einfallen","morphology":"separable verb particle (of einfallen)","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"to mind"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on trug","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on trug","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vor","lemma":"vor","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on trug","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Zeiten","lemma":"Zeit","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on vor","gloss":"times"},{"surface":"trug","lemma":"tragen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (die)","gloss":"had borne"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s7-l3","source":"Und er wußte wieder: Leben kamen,","translation":"And he knew again: lives would come,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wußte","title":"An older spelling of wusste","body":"Simple past of wissen, 'to know'. The ß in wußte is pre-1996 spelling; modern German writes wusste. Leben here is plural, 'lives', the subject of kamen, 'came', in the same line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wußte","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"kamen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"would come"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s7-l4","source":"wenn er lockte; wie im Flug","translation":"when he beckoned; as if in flight","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s7-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"lockte","title":"To lure, to entice","body":"Past of locken, 'to lure, entice, beckon'. wenn er lockte means 'whenever he lured them'. wie im Flug means 'as though in flight, in a flash'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on lockte","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on lockte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lockte","lemma":"locken","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"beckoned"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on im","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition, contraction of in + dem","role":"depends on lockte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Flug","lemma":"Flug","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"flight"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l1","source":"kamen sie: noch warme Leben Toter,","translation":"they came: lives of the dead still warm,","stanza":8,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Leben Toter","title":"Genitive plural without an article","body":"Toter is the genitive plural of the substantivized adjective der Tote, 'the dead person': Leben Toter, 'lives of the dead'. With no article the genitive ending alone carries the case."}],"words":[{"surface":"kamen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"warme","lemma":"warm","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"lives"},{"surface":"Toter","lemma":"Toter","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), genitive, plural","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"of the dead"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l2","source":"die er, ungeduldiger, bedrohter,","translation":"which he, more impatient, more imperiled,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ungeduldiger, bedrohter","title":"Comparatives set off by commas","body":"Both words are comparatives: ungeduldiger, 'more impatient', and bedrohter, 'more threatened, more imperiled'. Set off by commas, they describe er, 'he', the subject of weiterlebte in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on weiterlebte","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on weiterlebte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ungeduldiger","lemma":"ungeduldig","morphology":"adjective, comparative, predicative","role":"depends on er","gloss":"more impatient"},{"surface":"bedrohter","lemma":"bedroht","morphology":"adjective, comparative, predicative","role":"depends on er","gloss":"more imperiled"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l3","source":"weiterlebte mitten drin;","translation":"went on living, right in their midst;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"weiterlebte","title":"A separable verb, to live on","body":"weiterleben, 'to live on, go on living', is separable, weiter plus leben; in the past it stays joined as weiterlebte at the end of this relative clause, die er … weiterlebte."}],"words":[{"surface":"weiterlebte","lemma":"weiterleben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on living"},{"surface":"mitten","lemma":"mitten","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drin","gloss":"right"},{"surface":"drin","lemma":"drin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on weiterlebte","gloss":"in their midst","note":"'mitten drin' is an idiom: 'right in the thick of it.'"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l4","source":"oder die nicht ausgelebten Leben,","translation":"or else the lives not lived out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"nicht ausgelebten","title":"Never lived to the end","body":"Participle of ausleben, 'to live out fully, to exhaust'. die nicht ausgelebten Leben are the lives that were never lived to their end, interrupted, unfinished existences."}],"words":[{"surface":"oder","lemma":"oder","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on ausgelebten","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ausgelebten","lemma":"ausgelebt","morphology":"adjective (participle), accusative, plural","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"lived out"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on oder","gloss":"lives"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l5","source":"und er wußte sie hinaufzuheben,","translation":"and he knew how to lift them up,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wußte sie hinaufzuheben","title":"To know how to do","body":"wissen with a zu-infinitive means 'to know how to do' something: er wußte sie hinaufzuheben, 'he knew how to lift them up'. hinaufheben is separable, so zu tucks inside: hinaufzuheben."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wußte","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on hinaufzuheben","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"hinaufzuheben","lemma":"hinaufheben","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"to lift up"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l6","source":"und sie hatten wieder Sinn.","translation":"and they had meaning again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s8-l6.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hatten","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Sinn","lemma":"Sinn","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"meaning"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s9-l1","source":"Oft war keine Stelle an ihm sicher,","translation":"Often no place on him was secure,","stanza":9,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s9-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Oft","lemma":"oft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"Often"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"keine","lemma":"kein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stelle","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Stelle","lemma":"Stelle","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"place"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"sicher","lemma":"sicher","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"secure"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s9-l2","source":"und er zitterte: Ich bin ––","translation":"and he trembled: I am ––","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s9-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ich bin ––","title":"An unfinished sentence","body":"Ich bin, 'I am', breaks off into a double dash. The verb sein wants a complement, I am who, what, but the sentence stops there."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on zitterte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zitterte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"zitterte","lemma":"zittern","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"trembled"},{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"bin","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on zitterte","gloss":"am"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s9-l3","source":"doch im nächsten Augenblicke glich er","translation":"yet in the very next moment he resembled","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s9-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"glich er dem Geliebten","title":"The verb gleichen takes dative","body":"gleichen, 'to resemble, to be like', governs the dative, not the accusative: glich er dem Geliebten einer Königin, 'he resembled the beloved of a queen'. glich is the past of gleichen."}],"words":[{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on glich","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition, contraction of in + dem","role":"depends on glich","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"nächsten","lemma":"nächster","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Augenblicke","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Augenblicke","lemma":"Augenblick","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"glich","lemma":"gleichen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"resembled"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on glich","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s9-l4","source":"dem Geliebten einer Königin.","translation":"the beloved of a queen.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s9-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Geliebten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Geliebten","lemma":"Geliebter","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on glich","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Königin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Königin","lemma":"Königin","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Geliebten","gloss":"queen"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l1","source":"Immer wieder war ein Sein zu haben:","translation":"Again and again a being was to be had:","stanza":10,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ein Sein zu haben","title":"Being as a noun","body":"das Sein is the infinitive sein, 'to be', turned into a noun, 'a being, an existence'. war zu haben is the sein plus zu construction expressing possibility: 'was to be had'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wieder","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on haben","gloss":"and again","note":"'immer wieder' together means 'again and again.'"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Sein","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Sein","lemma":"Sein","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"being"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on haben","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"haben","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on war","gloss":"be had","note":"'war...zu haben' = 'was to be had/available.'"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l2","source":"die Geschicke angefangner Knaben,","translation":"the fates of boys begun,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"angefangner Knaben","title":"A shortened participle for meter","body":"angefangner is angefangener, the participle of anfangen, 'to begin', with the middle -e- dropped for the meter. die Geschicke angefangner Knaben is genitive plural: 'the fates of boys who were begun'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Geschicke","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Geschicke","lemma":"Geschick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on war","gloss":"fates"},{"surface":"angefangner","lemma":"angefangen","morphology":"adjective (participle), genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Knaben","gloss":"begun"},{"surface":"Knaben","lemma":"Knabe","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Geschicke","gloss":"boys"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l3","source":"die, als hätte man sie nicht gewagt,","translation":"which, as if one had not dared them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als hätte man sie nicht gewagt","title":"Another unreal comparison","body":"Another als plus subjunctive II clause: als hätte man sie nicht gewagt, 'as though one had not dared them'. wagen means 'to dare, to risk'; man is the impersonal pronoun."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Geschicke","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"hätte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on gewagt","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on gewagt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gewagt","lemma":"wagen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"dared"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l4","source":"abgebrochen waren, abgesagt,","translation":"had been broken off, called off,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"abgebrochen, abgesagt","title":"Two participles, a state passive","body":"Two participles of separable verbs: abbrechen, 'to break off, abort', and absagen, 'to cancel, call off'. abgebrochen waren is a state passive: 'were broken off, called off'."}],"words":[{"surface":"abgebrochen","lemma":"abbrechen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"broken off"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had been"},{"surface":"abgesagt","lemma":"absagen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on abgebrochen","gloss":"called off"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l5","source":"nahm er auf und riß sie in sich hin;","translation":"he took up and swept into himself;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nahm … auf / riß … hin","title":"Two separable verbs at once","body":"aufnehmen, 'to take up, take in', and hinreißen, 'to sweep, carry away', are both separable; their particles auf and hin land at the clause's end. riß is the past of reißen, 'to tear'."}],"words":[{"surface":"nahm","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"up","note":"'nahm...auf' is the separable verb 'aufnehmen' = 'took up.'"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"riß","lemma":"reißen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"swept"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on riß","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on riß","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on in","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"hin","lemma":"hin","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"depends on riß","gloss":"in","note":"'hin' reinforces the directional sense of 'riß...in sich' — swept them into himself."}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l6","source":"denn er mußte einmal nur die Gruft","translation":"for he had only once to walk through the crypt","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"mußte","title":"An older spelling of musste","body":"Past of müssen, 'to have to'. mußte is the pre-1996 spelling of modern musste. einmal nur means 'just once'; die Gruft is a crypt or burial vault."}],"words":[{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on mußte","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mußte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"mußte","lemma":"müssen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on mußte","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on mußte","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gruft","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gruft","lemma":"Gruft","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on durchschreiten","gloss":"crypt"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l7","source":"solcher Aufgegebener durchschreiten,","translation":"of such abandoned ones to walk through,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"solcher Aufgegebener","title":"A participle used as a noun","body":"der Aufgegebene is the participle of aufgeben, 'to give up, abandon', made into a noun, 'the abandoned one'. Genitive plural solcher Aufgegebener means 'of such abandoned ones'."}],"words":[{"surface":"solcher","lemma":"solcher","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Aufgegebener","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Aufgegebener","lemma":"Aufgegebener","morphology":"noun (substantivized participle), genitive, plural","role":"depends on Gruft","gloss":"abandoned ones"},{"surface":"durchschreiten","lemma":"durchschreiten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on mußte","gloss":"walk through"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l8","source":"und die Düfte ihrer Möglichkeiten","translation":"and the scents of their possibilities","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Möglichkeiten","title":"The word for possibilities","body":"Plural of die Möglichkeit, 'possibility, potential'. die Düfte ihrer Möglichkeiten means 'the scents of their possibilities', with Düfte, the plural of Duft, 'scent', as the subject of lagen."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Düfte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Düfte","lemma":"Duft","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on lagen","gloss":"scents"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Möglichkeiten","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Möglichkeiten","lemma":"Möglichkeit","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Düfte","gloss":"possibilities"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l9","source":"lagen wieder in der Luft.","translation":"hung in the air once more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-abenteurer-i-ii-s10-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lagen … in der Luft","title":"Liegen takes the dative","body":"liegen, 'to lie', is a stative verb of position and takes the dative for location: in der Luft, 'in the air'. lagen is its plural past."}],"words":[{"surface":"lagen","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hung"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lagen","gloss":"once more"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lagen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Luft","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Luft","lemma":"Luft","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"air"}]}]}