{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes","title":{"source":"Der Auszug des verlorenen Sohnes","translated":"The Departure of the Prodigal Son"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes","lines":27},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/josuas-landtag","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l1","source":"NUN fortzugehn von alle dem Verworrnen,","translation":"NOW to go away from all that is tangled,","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fortzugehn","title":"Separable verb in the zu infinitive","body":"'fortgehen', 'to go away, to leave', is separable: the prefix 'fort-' normally splits off, but in the 'zu'-infinitive, 'zu' slides between prefix and stem, 'fort-zu-gehen', clipped here to 'fortzugehn'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Verworrne","title":"The tangled, the confused","body":"'verworren' means 'tangled, confused, snarled'. Its participle is used here as a neuter noun, 'das Verworrne', 'that which is tangled', dative after 'von'. 'alle dem' is an archaic form for 'all dem'."}],"words":[{"surface":"NUN","lemma":"nun","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fortzugehn","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"fortzugehn","lemma":"fortgehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"to go away"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortzugehn","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"aller","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular (archaic uninflected form)","role":"depends on Verworrnen","gloss":"all","note":"Archaic/poetic indeclinable \"alle\" standing for dative \"allem.\""},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Verworrnen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Verworrnen","lemma":"Verworrene","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"tangled"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l2","source":"das unser ist und uns doch nicht gehört,","translation":"that is ours and yet does not belong to us,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"uns … gehört","title":"gehoren takes the dative","body":"'gehoren', 'to belong to', governs the dative, not a possessive: 'uns gehort' means 'belongs to us'. This contrasts with 'das unser ist', 'that is ours', where 'unser' is a predicate possessive pronoun."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ist","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"unser","lemma":"unser","morphology":"possessive pronoun, predicate","role":"predicate of ist","gloss":"ours"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates ist and gehört","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"uns","lemma":"uns","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on gehört","gloss":"to us"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gehört","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on gehört","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gehört","lemma":"gehören","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second verb of the sentence, coordinated with ist","gloss":"belongs"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l3","source":"das, wie das Wasser in den alten Bornen,","translation":"that, like the water in the old wells,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Born","title":"An archaic word for wells","body":"'der Born' is a poetic, archaic word for 'well, spring, fountain', related to 'der Brunnen'. 'in den alten Bornen' is dative plural, 'in the old wells', after the preposition 'in'."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of spiegelt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on spiegelt, introduces comparison","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Wasser","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wasser","lemma":"Wasser","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of the wie-comparison","gloss":"water"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Wasser","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Bornen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alten","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Bornen","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Bornen","lemma":"Born","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"wells"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l4","source":"uns zitternd spiegelt und das Bild zerstört;","translation":"mirrors us tremblingly and destroys the image;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zitternd","title":"Present participle as adverb","body":"'zitternd' is the present participle of 'zittern', 'to shake, to quiver', formed by adding '-d' to the stem. It is used here adverbially, modifying 'spiegelt': 'spiegelt uns zitternd', 'mirrors us, quivering'."}],"words":[{"surface":"uns","lemma":"uns","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on spiegelt","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"zitternd","lemma":"zitternd","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on spiegelt","gloss":"tremblingly"},{"surface":"spiegelt","lemma":"spiegeln","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"mirrors"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates spiegelt and zerstört","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Bild","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bild","lemma":"Bild","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zerstört","gloss":"image"},{"surface":"zerstört","lemma":"zerstören","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second verb of the sentence, coordinated with spiegelt","gloss":"destroys"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l5","source":"von allem diesen, das sich wie mit Dornen","translation":"from all of this, which as if with thorns","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Dorn","title":"Thorns that cling","body":"'der Dorn', plural 'Dornen', means 'thorn'. 'wie mit Dornen ... anhangt' uses 'wie mit' plus dative, 'as though with', to compare the clinging to thorns catching on cloth."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on diesen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"allem","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"diesen","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of anhängt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on anhängt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on anhängt, introduces comparison","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Dornen","lemma":"Dorn","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"thorns"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l6","source":"noch einmal an uns anhängt–fortzugehn","translation":"clings to us once more—to go away","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"anhängt","title":"Separable verb anhangen","body":"'anhangen', 'to cling to, to attach itself to', is separable; the prefix 'an-' lands at the end of its clause: 'das sich ... an uns anhangt' means 'which clings to us'."}],"words":[{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on einmal","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on anhängt–fortzugehn","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on anhängt–fortzugehn","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"uns","lemma":"uns","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"anhängt–fortzugehn","lemma":"anhängen; fortgehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular (anhängt) + verb, infinitive (fortzugehn)","role":"main verb of the relative clause (anhängt), followed by the infinitive fortzugehn","gloss":"clings—to go away","note":"This backbone token fuses two words joined by an en dash with no surrounding space: anhängt (clings, the finite verb ending the relative clause begun by das sich...) and fortzugehn (to go away, the infinitive resuming Rilke's list that began with 'Nun fortzugehn' in the poem's opening line)."}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l7","source":"und Das und Den,","translation":"and this thing and that man,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Das und Den","title":"Neuter and masculine accusative","body":"Two demonstratives stand as accusative objects of 'anzuschauen', further on: 'Das', neuter, 'that thing', and 'Den', masculine accusative, 'that man, him'. Both are capitalized here though used as pronouns, not nouns."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates fortzugehn and anzuschauen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of anzuschauen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates Das and Den","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Den","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of anzuschauen, coordinated with Das","gloss":"that"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l8","source":"die man schon nicht mehr sah","translation":"which one no longer even saw","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"man","title":"The impersonal subject","body":"'man' is the impersonal pronoun, 'one, you, people in general'. 'die man schon nicht mehr sah' means 'which one no longer saw', with the relative 'die' referring back to 'Das und Den'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"object of sah, refers to Das und Den","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"even","note":"schon nicht mehr intensifies nicht mehr to 'no longer even' — schon does not mean 'already' here."},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l9","source":"(so täglich waren sie und so gewöhnlich),","translation":"(so daily were they and so ordinary),","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"täglich","title":"so taglich, so gewohnlich","body":"'taglich' means 'daily, everyday'; 'gewohnlich' means 'ordinary, commonplace'. Both are predicate adjectives after 'waren', 'were', joined by 'und', 'and', inside the parenthesis."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on täglich","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"täglich","lemma":"täglich","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"predicate of waren","gloss":"daily"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates täglich and gewöhnlich","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gewöhnlich","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"gewöhnlich","lemma":"gewöhnlich","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"predicate of waren, coordinated with täglich","gloss":"ordinary"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l10","source":"auf einmal anzuschauen: sanft, versöhnlich","translation":"all at once to look upon: gentle, conciliatory","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"anzuschauen","title":"The second leaving infinitive","body":"'anschauen', 'to look at, to behold', is separable; in the 'zu'-infinitive it becomes 'an-zu-schauen'. It governs the accusative objects 'Das und Den' from a few lines back. 'auf einmal' means 'all at once, suddenly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on anzuschauen","gloss":"at","note":"auf einmal is a fixed idiom meaning 'suddenly, all at once.'"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"anzuschauen","lemma":"anschauen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to look upon"},{"surface":"sanft","lemma":"sanft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on anzuschauen","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"versöhnlich","lemma":"versöhnlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on anzuschauen, coordinated with sanft","gloss":"conciliatory"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l11","source":"und wie an einem Anfang und von nah","translation":"and as at a beginning and from close by","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on anzuschauen, coordinated with sanft, versöhnlich","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on an, introduces comparison","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on anzuschauen, introduced by wie","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Anfang","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Anfang","lemma":"Anfang","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"beginning"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates an einem Anfang and von nah","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on anzuschauen, coordinated with wie an einem Anfang","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"nah","lemma":"nah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on von","gloss":"close by"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l12","source":"und ahnend einzusehn, wie unpersönlich,","translation":"and, sensing it, to grasp how impersonally,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"einzusehn","title":"A third zu infinitive","body":"'einsehen', 'to perceive, to come to understand, to grasp', is separable, 'ein-zu-sehen', clipped to 'einzusehn'. 'ahnend' is the present participle of 'ahnen', 'to sense, to have a presentiment', modifying the main verb."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unpersönlich","title":"Impersonally","body":"'unpersonlich' means 'impersonal, not directed at any one person'. It is used adverbially here, modifying 'geschah' in the next line: 'wie ... unpersonlich ... das Leid geschah'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates einzusehn with anzuschauen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ahnend","lemma":"ahnend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on einzusehn","gloss":"sensing"},{"surface":"einzusehn","lemma":"einsehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to grasp"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on unpersönlich, introduces the indirect question continued in geschah","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"unpersönlich","lemma":"unpersönlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on geschah","gloss":"impersonally"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l13","source":"wie über alle hin das Leid geschah,","translation":"how over everyone the sorrow came to pass,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"über alle hin","title":"Spreading across","body":"'uber ... hin' is a framing construction meaning 'across, all over, spread out over': 'uber alle hin ... geschah' means 'happened, spread out over everyone'. 'geschah' is the past tense of 'geschehen', 'to happen'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on geschah, resumes wie from the previous line","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on geschah","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on über","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"hin","lemma":"hin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on über","gloss":"throughout"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Leid","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Leid","lemma":"Leid","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of geschah","gloss":"sorrow"},{"surface":"geschah","lemma":"geschehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came to pass"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l14","source":"von dem die Kindheit voll war bis zum Rand–:","translation":"with which childhood was full up to the brim—:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"von dem … voll","title":"Full of","body":"'voll von etwas' means 'full of something'; the relative 'von dem' refers back to 'das Leid', 'the sorrow'. 'bis zum Rand' means 'up to the brim', a fixed prepositional phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Kindheit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kindheit","lemma":"Kindheit","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"childhood"},{"surface":"voll","lemma":"voll","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"predicate of war","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on zum","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"zum","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Rand–","lemma":"Rand","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zum","gloss":"brim"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l15","source":"Und dann doch fortzugehen, Hand aus Hand,","translation":"And then to go away nonetheless, hand out of hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"doch","title":"Still, nonetheless","body":"'doch' is a flavoring particle meaning 'yet, still, all the same', adding contrast without changing the sentence's grammar. 'in der Gewalt haben' is the fixed idiom 'to have in one's power'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on fortzugehen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fortzugehen","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fortzugehen","gloss":"nonetheless"},{"surface":"fortzugehen","lemma":"fortgehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to go away"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on fortzugehen","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l16","source":"als ob man ein Geheiltes neu zerrisse,","translation":"as though one tore open afresh a thing once healed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als ob … zerrisse","title":"als ob with the subjunctive","body":"'als ob', 'as though', introduces a comparison and pulls its verb to the clause's end in the Konjunktiv II: 'zerrisse' is the subjunctive of 'zerreißen', 'to tear apart'. 'ein Geheiltes' is a neuter participle used as a noun, 'a healed thing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on zerrisse","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on zerrisse","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on zerrisse","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Geheiltes","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Geheiltes","lemma":"Geheiltes","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zerrisse","gloss":"a thing once healed"},{"surface":"neu","lemma":"neu","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zerrisse","gloss":"afresh"},{"surface":"zerrisse","lemma":"zerreißen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tore open"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l17","source":"und fortzugehn: wohin? Ins Ungewisse,","translation":"and to go away: where to? Into the uncertain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Ungewisse","title":"Into the uncertain","body":"'ungewiss' means 'uncertain, unknown'; as a neuter noun, 'das Ungewisse' means 'the uncertain, what is not known'. 'ins Ungewisse' contracts 'in das Ungewisse', 'into the uncertain'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces a new fortzugehn clause, coordinated with the earlier ones","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fortzugehn","lemma":"fortgehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"to go away"},{"surface":"wohin","lemma":"wohin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fortzugehn","gloss":"where to"},{"surface":"Ins","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortzugehn, answers wohin","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"Ungewisse","lemma":"Ungewisse","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ins","gloss":"uncertain"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l18","source":"weit in ein unverwandtes warmes Land,","translation":"far into an unrelated, warm land,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unverwandt","title":"Unrelated, not kin","body":"'verwandt' means 'related, akin, kindred'; the prefix 'un-' negates it, giving 'unverwandt', 'unrelated, having no kinship'. It modifies 'Land' as an attributive adjective, accusative after 'in'."}],"words":[{"surface":"weit","lemma":"weit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on in","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortzugehn","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"unverwandtes","lemma":"unverwandt","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"unrelated"},{"surface":"warmes","lemma":"warm","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"Land","lemma":"Land","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l19","source":"das hinter allem Handeln wie Kulisse","translation":"which behind all one's doings, like stage scenery,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Kulisse","title":"Stage scenery","body":"'die Kulisse' is the painted scenery or backdrop of a stage, the flats behind the actors. 'wie Kulisse' compares 'das', the land, to this scenery using 'wie', 'like'."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of sein wird","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"hinter","lemma":"hinter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Handeln","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"allem","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hinter","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Handeln","lemma":"Handeln","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hinter","gloss":"doing"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on Kulisse, introduces comparison","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Kulisse","lemma":"Kulisse","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of sein wird, introduced by wie","gloss":"stage scenery"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l20","source":"gleichgültig sein wird: Garten oder Wand;","translation":"will be indifferent: garden or wall;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l20.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gleichgültig sein wird","title":"Future sein wird across the lines","body":"'gleichgultig' means 'indifferent, a matter of no consequence'. 'sein wird' is the future tense, 'werden' plus 'sein': 'wird ... sein', 'will be', its two parts split across the line."}],"words":[{"surface":"gleichgültig","lemma":"gleichgültig","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"predicate of sein","gloss":"indifferent"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"Garten","lemma":"Garten","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Kulisse, an example after the colon","gloss":"garden"},{"surface":"oder","lemma":"oder","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Garten","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"Wand","lemma":"Wand","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on oder","gloss":"wall"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l21","source":"und fortzugehn: warum? Aus Drang, aus Artung,","translation":"and to go away: why? Out of urge, out of nature,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l21.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aus Drang","title":"Naming the cause","body":"The preposition 'aus' here means 'out of, from', in the sense of motive. 'der Drang' means 'urge, drive, impulse'; 'die Artung' means 'inborn nature, disposition', from 'Art', 'kind, manner'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"introduces a new fortzugehn clause, coordinated with the earlier ones","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fortzugehn","lemma":"fortgehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"to go away"},{"surface":"warum","lemma":"warum","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fortzugehn","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"Aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortzugehn, answers warum","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Drang","lemma":"Drang","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Aus","gloss":"urge"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortzugehn, parallel to aus Drang","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Artung","lemma":"Artung","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"nature"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l22","source":"aus Ungeduld, aus dunkler Erwartung,","translation":"out of impatience, out of dark expectation,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l22.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Erwartung","title":"Dark expectation","body":"'die Ungeduld' means 'impatience'; 'die Erwartung' means 'expectation, anticipation'. 'dunkler Erwartung' is dative singular after 'aus', the adjective 'dunkel', 'dark', taking the weak ending after no article."}],"words":[{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortzugehn, parallel to the other aus-phrases","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Ungeduld","lemma":"Ungeduld","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"impatience"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortzugehn, parallel to aus Ungeduld","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"dunkler","lemma":"dunkel","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Erwartung","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Erwartung","lemma":"Erwartung","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"expectation"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l23","source":"aus Unverständlichkeit und Unverstand:","translation":"out of incomprehensibility and want of understanding:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l23.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Unverständlichkeit / Unverstand","title":"Unverstandlichkeit versus Unverstand","body":"'die Unverstandlichkeit' means 'incomprehensibility'; 'der Unverstand' means 'lack of understanding, folly'. Both nouns follow 'aus', 'out of', and are joined by 'und', 'and'."}],"words":[{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortzugehn, parallel to the other aus-phrases","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Unverständlichkeit","lemma":"Unverständlichkeit","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"incomprehensibility"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Unverständlichkeit","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Unverstand","lemma":"Unverstand","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"want of understanding"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l24","source":"Dies alles auf sich nehmen und vergebens","translation":"To take all this upon oneself, and in vain","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l24.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"auf sich nehmen","title":"To take upon oneself","body":"'etwas auf sich nehmen' is a fixed idiom, 'to take something upon oneself'; 'sich' is the reflexive pronoun. 'Dies alles auf sich nehmen' means 'to take all this upon oneself', an infinitive phrase."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dies","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nehmen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nehmen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nehmen","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"nehmen","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"to take"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates nehmen and lassen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vergebens","lemma":"vergebens","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"in vain"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l25","source":"vielleicht Gehaltnes fallen lassen, um","translation":"perhaps to let fall what was held fast, in order","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l25.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Gehaltne","title":"What has been held","body":"'Gehaltnes', poetic for 'Gehaltenes', is the past participle of 'halten', 'to hold', used as a neuter noun: 'what has been held'. 'fallen lassen' means 'to let fall, to let drop'."}],"words":[{"surface":"vielleicht","lemma":"vielleicht","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"Gehaltnes","lemma":"Gehaltenes","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"what was held fast","note":"Gehaltnes is a poetic elision of Gehaltenes, the nominalized past participle of halten ('to hold') — 'something held onto.'"},{"surface":"fallen","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"lassen","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on lassen","gloss":"in order"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l26","source":"allein zu sterben, wissend nicht warum–","translation":"to die alone, not knowing why—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s1-l26.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wissend nicht warum","title":"um zu sterben and wissend nicht","body":"'um ... zu sterben' completes a purpose clause begun earlier: 'in order to die'. 'wissend' is the present participle of 'wissen', 'to know'; the negation 'nicht' is fronted before 'warum', 'why', for stress."}],"words":[{"surface":"allein","lemma":"allein","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sterben","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sterben","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sterben","lemma":"sterben","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"die"},{"surface":"wissend","lemma":"wissend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sterben","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on wissend","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"warum–","lemma":"warum","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wissend","gloss":"why"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s2-l1","source":"Ist das der Eingang eines neuen Lebens?","translation":"Is that the entrance into a new life?","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der Eingang eines neuen Lebens","title":"Eingang with the genitive","body":"'der Eingang' means 'entrance, way in'; 'eines neuen Lebens' is the genitive, 'of a new life', depending on it. 'Ist das der Eingang' is a question, 'ist' third person singular of 'sein'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Is"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of Ist","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Eingang","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Eingang","lemma":"Eingang","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of Ist","gloss":"entrance"},{"surface":"eines","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lebens","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"neuen","lemma":"neu","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lebens","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"Lebens","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Eingang","gloss":"life"}]}]}