{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"der-fremde","title":{"source":"Der Fremde","translated":"The Stranger"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-fremde","lines":25},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/das-bett","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-anfahrt","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"der-fremde-s1-l1","source":"Ohne Sorgfalt, was die Nächsten dächten,","translation":"Without a care for what those nearest thought,","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"was die Nächsten dächten","title":"Subjunctive reports others' thoughts","body":"dächten is Konjunktiv II of denken, 'to think'. After Ohne Sorgfalt, was ..., 'without a care for what ...', the subjunctive marks the thoughts of others as reported, hypothetical content rather than fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Sorgfalt","lemma":"Sorgfalt","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Ohne","gloss":"a care"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on dächten","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Nächsten","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"Nächsten","lemma":"Nächster","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), nominative, plural","role":"subject of dächten","gloss":"nearest"},{"surface":"dächten","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, subjunctive, past, third-person, plural","role":"depends on Sorgfalt","gloss":"thought","note":"Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) of denken, not indicative past — marks reported/hypothetical thought."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"der-fremde-s1-l2","source":"die er müde nicht mehr fragen hieß,","translation":"whom, weary, he no longer bid to ask,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fragen hieß","title":"Verb meaning to bid, plus bare infinitive","body":"heissen here means 'to bid, tell someone to do something' and takes a bare infinitive without zu: die er ... fragen hiess, 'whom he bid ask'. hiess is its past tense."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on hieß","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hieß","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"müde","lemma":"müde","morphology":"adjective (used adverbially)","role":"depends on hieß","gloss":"weary"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on hieß","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"fragen","lemma":"fragen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on hieß","gloss":"to ask"},{"surface":"hieß","lemma":"heißen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bid"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"der-fremde-s1-l3","source":"ging er wieder fort; verlor, verließ–.","translation":"he went away again; lost, left behind—.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ging … fort","title":"Separable verb splits in the past","body":"fortgehen, 'to go away, depart', is separable; in the finite past the particle fort splits off to the clause end: ging er wieder fort, 'he went away again'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"away"},{"surface":"verlor","lemma":"verlieren","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on ging (coordinate)","gloss":"lost"},{"surface":"verließ–.","lemma":"verlassen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on verlor (coordinate)","gloss":"left behind"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"der-fremde-s1-l4","source":"Denn er hing an solchen Reisenächten","translation":"For he was bound to nights of travel like these","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hing an … Reisenächten","title":"Verb governs the dative","body":"an etwas hängen means 'to be attached to, cling to, be devoted to' something, and it governs the dative: hing an solchen Reisenächten, 'was attached to such nights of travel'. hing is the past of hängen."}],"words":[{"surface":"Denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hing","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hing","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hing","lemma":"hängen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was bound"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hing","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"solchen","lemma":"solcher","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"depends on Reisenächten","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Reisenächten","lemma":"Reisenacht","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"travel-nights"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"der-fremde-s2-l1","source":"anders als an jeder Liebesnacht.","translation":"otherwise than to any night of love.","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"anders als an jeder Liebesnacht","title":"Clause completed across a stanza break","body":"The clause begun at the end of stanza 1, er hing an solchen Reisenächten, completes only here: anders als an jeder Liebesnacht, 'otherwise than to any night of love'. anders als means 'otherwise than, different from'."}],"words":[{"surface":"anders","lemma":"anders","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hing (previous line)","gloss":"otherwise"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on anders","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on als","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"jeder","lemma":"jeder","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Liebesnacht","gloss":"any"},{"surface":"Liebesnacht","lemma":"Liebesnacht","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"night of love"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"der-fremde-s2-l2","source":"Wunderbare hatte er durchwacht,","translation":"Wondrous ones he had watched the whole night through,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"durchwacht","title":"Inseparable prefix means all the way through","body":"durchwachen means 'to stay awake through, spend a night wakeful'. The inseparable prefix durch- here means 'all the way through': hatte er durchwacht, 'he had lain awake through them'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wunderbare","lemma":"wunderbar","morphology":"adjective (substantivized), accusative, plural","role":"depends on durchwacht","gloss":"wondrous ones","note":"Substantivized adjective ('wondrous things/nights'), not a proper name."},{"surface":"hatte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"durchwacht","lemma":"durchwachen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"watched through"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"der-fremde-s2-l3","source":"die mit starken Sternen überzogen","translation":"which, overlaid with mighty stars,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"überzogen","title":"Past participle for a coated surface","body":"überzogen is the past participle of überziehen, 'to cover over, coat, overlay'. mit starken Sternen überzogen means 'overlaid with mighty stars', describing the nights as a surface coated in starlight."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of auseinanderbogen (next segment)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on überzogen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"starken","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Sternen","gloss":"mighty"},{"surface":"Sternen","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"stars"},{"surface":"überzogen","lemma":"überziehen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on die","gloss":"overlaid"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"der-fremde-s2-l4","source":"enge Fernen auseinanderbogen","translation":"bent narrow distances apart","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"auseinanderbogen","title":"Separable verb stays joined in a relative clause","body":"auseinanderbiegen, 'to bend apart, force open', is separable, but here it stays joined as auseinanderbogen because it closes the relative clause. Its object, enge Fernen, 'narrow distances', sits earlier in the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"enge","lemma":"eng","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Fernen","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"Fernen","lemma":"Ferne","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on auseinanderbogen","gloss":"distances"},{"surface":"auseinanderbogen","lemma":"auseinanderbiegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"bent apart"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"der-fremde-s2-l5","source":"und sich wandelten wie eine Schlacht;","translation":"and transformed themselves like a battle;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich wandelten","title":"Reflexive verb requires sich","body":"sich wandeln is the reflexive 'to change, transform oneself'; the reflexive pronoun sich is required. sich wandelten wie eine Schlacht means 'transformed themselves like a battle'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wandelten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on wandelten","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"wandelten","lemma":"wandeln","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"transformed"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Schlacht","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Schlacht","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Schlacht","lemma":"Schlacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wandelten","gloss":"battle"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"der-fremde-s3-l1","source":"andre, die mit in den Mond gestreuten","translation":"others, which with villages strewn into the moon,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"in den Mond gestreuten Dörfern","title":"Participle phrase with accusative direction","body":"gestreut is the participle of streuen, 'to scatter, strew'; mit in den Mond gestreuten Dörfern reads 'with villages scattered into the moonlight'. The accusative in den Mond marks direction."}],"words":[{"surface":"andre","lemma":"andere","morphology":"pronoun (substantivized adjective), nominative, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of ergaben (s3-l3)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gestreuten","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gestreuten","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mond","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mond","lemma":"Mond","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"gestreuten","lemma":"streuen","morphology":"adjective (participle), dative, plural","role":"depends on Dörfern (next segment)","gloss":"strewn"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"der-fremde-s3-l2","source":"Dörfern, wie mit hingehaltnen Beuten,","translation":"as though with spoils held out,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hingehaltnen Beuten","title":"Syncopated participle for the meter","body":"hingehaltnen is the syncopated participle of hinhalten, 'to hold out, proffer', with the -e- dropped for the meter. Beute means 'booty, spoils, prey'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dörfern","lemma":"Dorf","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on mit (s3-l1)","gloss":"villages"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"hingehaltnen","lemma":"hinhalten","morphology":"adjective (participle), dative, plural","role":"depends on Beuten","gloss":"held out"},{"surface":"Beuten","lemma":"Beute","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"spoils"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"der-fremde-s3-l3","source":"sich ergaben, oder durch geschonte","translation":"gave themselves up, or through spared","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich ergaben","title":"Reflexive verb for surrender","body":"sich ergeben is the reflexive 'to surrender, give oneself up, yield'. die ... sich ergaben means 'which gave themselves up', the relative clause's verb, completing a thought begun two lines earlier."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on ergaben","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ergaben","lemma":"ergeben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave up"},{"surface":"oder","lemma":"oder","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ergaben","gloss":"or"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on oder","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"geschonte","lemma":"schonen","morphology":"adjective (participle), accusative, plural","role":"depends on Parke (s3-l4)","gloss":"spared","note":"Attributive participle modifying Parke across the line break, parallel to 'in den Mond gestreuten Dörfern' two lines above: durch geschonte Parke = 'through spared parks' (durch governs accusative). Zeigten (s3-l4) sits in clause-final position, which proves this continues the relative clause governed by die (s3-l1) — coordinate with ergaben — rather than starting an independent clause with Parke as its own subject."}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"der-fremde-s3-l4","source":"Parke graue Edelsitze zeigten,","translation":"parks revealed grey manor seats,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Edelsitze","title":"Compound noun for a manor house","body":"der Edelsitz is a noble's country seat or manor house, from edel, 'noble', and Sitz, 'seat, residence'. graue Edelsitze, 'grey manor seats', are glimpsed durch geschonte Parke, 'through spared parks'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Parke","lemma":"Park","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on durch (s3-l3)","gloss":"parks","note":"Object of durch continuing from the previous line (durch geschonte Parke = 'through spared parks'), not the subject of zeigten. If Parke were a new independent clause's subject, German V2 order would give 'Parke zeigten...'; the attested order 'Parke graue Edelsitze zeigten' is verb-final, the signature of a subordinate clause."},{"surface":"graue","lemma":"grau","morphology":"adjective, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Edelsitze","gloss":"grey"},{"surface":"Edelsitze","lemma":"Edelsitz","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on zeigten","gloss":"manor seats"},{"surface":"zeigten","lemma":"zeigen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"verb of the relative clause, coordinate with ergaben (s3-l3); subject is die (s3-l1), not Parke","gloss":"revealed"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"der-fremde-s3-l5","source":"die er gerne in dem hingeneigten","translation":"which he gladly, in his tilted","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on bewohnte (s3-l6)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of bewohnte (s3-l6)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"gerne","lemma":"gerne","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bewohnte (s3-l6)","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Haupte (s3-l6)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hingeneigten","lemma":"hinneigen","morphology":"adjective (participle), dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Haupte (s3-l6)","gloss":"tilted"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"der-fremde-s3-l6","source":"Haupte einen Augenblick bewohnte,","translation":"head, inhabited for a moment,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"in dem hingeneigten Haupte … bewohnte","title":"Verb takes an unusual dative location","body":"bewohnen, 'to dwell in, inhabit', normally takes an accusative object, here found earlier as die Edelsitze, die er ... bewohnte. The dative in dem hingeneigten Haupte, 'in his tilted head', marks where the memory briefly settled."}],"words":[{"surface":"Haupte","lemma":"Haupt","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in (s3-l5)","gloss":"head"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Augenblick","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Augenblick","lemma":"Augenblick","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bewohnte","gloss":"moment"},{"surface":"bewohnte","lemma":"bewohnen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"inhabited"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"der-fremde-s3-l7","source":"tiefer wissend, daß man nirgends bleibt;","translation":"knowing more deeply that one stays nowhere;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"daß man nirgends bleibt","title":"Impersonal man with a negated verb","body":"man is the impersonal 'one, people'; daß man nirgends bleibt means 'that one stays nowhere'. daß with ß here is the pre-1996 spelling of the conjunction dass."}],"words":[{"surface":"tiefer","lemma":"tief","morphology":"adverb (comparative)","role":"depends on wissend","gloss":"more deeply"},{"surface":"wissend","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, participle (used adverbially)","role":"depends on er (s3-l5)","gloss":"knowing"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on bleibt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bleibt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"nirgends","lemma":"nirgends","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bleibt","gloss":"nowhere"},{"surface":"bleibt","lemma":"bleiben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on wissend","gloss":"stays"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"der-fremde-s3-l8","source":"und schon sah er bei dem nächsten Biegen","translation":"and already at the next bend he saw","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bei dem nächsten Biegen","title":"Infinitive made into a noun","body":"Biegen is the infinitive biegen, 'to bend, turn', made into a neuter noun, 'the bend, the turn in the road'. bei dem nächsten Biegen means 'at the next bend'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bei","lemma":"bei","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Biegen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nächsten","lemma":"nächster","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Biegen","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Biegen","lemma":"Biegen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on bei","gloss":"bend"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"der-fremde-s3-l9","source":"wieder Wege, Brücken, Länder liegen","translation":"again roads, bridges, lands lie spread","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sah … liegen","title":"Verb of perception with bare infinitive","body":"sehen, 'to see', takes a bare infinitive for perceived action: sah er ... liegen means 'he saw ... lie', that is, lying spread out. No zu is used, as with other perception verbs."}],"words":[{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on liegen","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Wege","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of liegen","gloss":"roads"},{"surface":"Brücken","lemma":"Brücke","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Wege (coordinate)","gloss":"bridges"},{"surface":"Länder","lemma":"Land","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Brücken (coordinate)","gloss":"lands"},{"surface":"liegen","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lie spread"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"der-fremde-s3-l10","source":"bis an Städte, die man übertreibt.","translation":"as far as cities one makes too much of.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s3-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"übertreibt","title":"Verb for exaggeration","body":"übertreiben means 'to exaggerate, overdo, make too much of'. Städte, die man übertreibt means 'cities that one overstates', the far towns that loom larger in anticipation than in fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on an","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on liegen (s3-l9)","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Städte","lemma":"Stadt","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"cities"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on übertreibt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on übertreibt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"übertreibt","lemma":"übertreiben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on Städte","gloss":"makes too much of"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"der-fremde-s4-l1","source":"Und dies alles immer unbegehrend","translation":"And to let all this go, always desiring nothing,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unbegehrend","title":"Negated present participle","body":"unbegehrend is a negated present participle: un- plus begehrend, from begehren, 'to desire, covet', giving 'not desiring, coveting nothing'. It is used adverbially, describing how he lets the world pass."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hinzulassen (s4-l2)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on alles","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hinzulassen (s4-l2)","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on unbegehrend","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"unbegehrend","lemma":"begehren","morphology":"verb, participle (negated, used adverbially)","role":"depends on hinzulassen (s4-l2)","gloss":"desiring nothing"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"der-fremde-s4-l2","source":"hinzulassen, schien ihm mehr als seines","translation":"seemed to him more than the joy, the having,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hinzulassen","title":"zu-infinitive of a separable verb","body":"hinzulassen is the zu-infinitive of the separable hinlassen, 'to let go, let pass', with zu tucked between particle and stem. dies alles ... hinzulassen, 'to let all this go', is the subject of the sentence."}],"words":[{"surface":"hinzulassen","lemma":"hinlassen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"to let go"},{"surface":"schien","lemma":"scheinen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"pronoun","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on mehr","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"seines","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lebens (s4-l3)","gloss":"his"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"der-fremde-s4-l3","source":"Lebens Lust, Besitz und Ruhm.","translation":"and the fame of his life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"seines Lebens Lust","title":"Genitive placed before its nouns","body":"seines Lebens is the genitive 'of his life', placed before its nouns in older, elevated word order: seines Lebens Lust, Besitz und Ruhm, 'the joy, possession and fame of his life'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lebens","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lust","gloss":"life's"},{"surface":"Lust","lemma":"Lust","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on schien (s4-l2)","gloss":"joy"},{"surface":"Besitz","lemma":"Besitz","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Lust (coordinate)","gloss":"having"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Besitz","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ruhm","lemma":"Ruhm","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Besitz (coordinate)","gloss":"fame"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"der-fremde-s4-l4","source":"Doch auf fremden Plätzen war ihm eines","translation":"Yet in foreign squares, the worn hollow of one","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"war ihm … wie ein Eigentum","title":"Dative marks the one who perceives","body":"The dative ihm, 'to him', marks the one to whom something seems a certain way: war ihm ... wie ein Eigentum means 'was to him like a possession'. The subject is suspended across several lines."}],"words":[{"surface":"Doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"fremden","lemma":"fremd","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Plätzen","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"Plätzen","lemma":"Platz","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"squares"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"eines","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Brunnensteines (s4-l5)","gloss":"of one","note":"Genitive determiner continuing across the line break: eines … Brunnensteines = 'of one well-stone'."}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"der-fremde-s4-l5","source":"täglich ausgetretnen Brunnensteines","translation":"daily-trodden well-stone","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s4-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ausgetretnen Brunnensteines","title":"Syncopated participle from treading","body":"ausgetreten is the participle of austreten, 'to wear down by treading'; täglich ausgetretnen, 'daily worn smooth', has the syncopated ending used for the meter."}],"words":[{"surface":"täglich","lemma":"täglich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ausgetretnen","gloss":"daily"},{"surface":"ausgetretnen","lemma":"austreten","morphology":"adjective (participle), genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Brunnensteines","gloss":"trodden"},{"surface":"Brunnensteines","lemma":"Brunnenstein","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mulde (s4-l6)","gloss":"well-stone"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"der-fremde-s4-l6","source":"Mulde manchmal wie ein Eigentum.","translation":"felt to him sometimes like a thing he owned.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-fremde-s4-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mulde … Eigentum","title":"Two nouns close the sentence","body":"die Mulde is a hollow, trough, or worn depression, here the dip ground into a stone by years of footsteps. das Eigentum is 'property, possession, something owned'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mulde","lemma":"Mulde","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of war (s4-l4)","gloss":"hollow"},{"surface":"manchmal","lemma":"manchmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Mulde","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Eigentum","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Eigentum","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Eigentum","lemma":"Eigentum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"thing he owned"}]}]}