{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"der-gefangene","title":{"source":"Der Gefangene","translated":"The Prisoner"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-gefangene","lines":27},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/morgue","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-panther","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"der-gefangene-s1-l1","source":"Meine Hand hat nur noch eine","translation":"My hand has only one","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nur noch","title":"Only left, nothing more","body":"The pairing nur noch means 'only, with nothing more remaining'. noch, which usually means 'still', marks something dwindling down to one last thing. Meine Hand hat nur noch eine means 'my hand has only one left', with the noun it describes arriving in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Meine","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"My"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"hat","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nur","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gebärde","gloss":"one"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"der-gefangene-s1-l2","source":"Gebärde, mit der sie verscheucht;","translation":"gesture left, the one that shoos away;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verscheucht","title":"To shoo or chase away","body":"verscheuchen means 'to chase or frighten off'; the prefix ver- adds the sense of driving something away. In mit der sie verscheucht, der is a dative relative pronoun governed by mit and refers back to Gebärde. verscheucht is the main verb of that relative clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Gebärde","lemma":"Gebärde","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verscheucht","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on verscheucht","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"verscheucht","lemma":"verscheuchen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause modifying Gebärde","gloss":"shoos away"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"der-gefangene-s1-l3","source":"auf die alten Steine","translation":"onto the ancient stones","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"auf die alten Steine","title":"auf with the accusative means motion","body":"auf is a two-way preposition: with the dative it states location, 'on', and with the accusative it states motion toward, 'onto'. Die alten Steine is accusative here, so it names a destination rather than a place. Alten agrees with Steine as an accusative plural adjective."}],"words":[{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fällt","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Steine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alten","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Steine","gloss":"ancient"},{"surface":"Steine","lemma":"Stein","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"der-gefangene-s1-l4","source":"fällt es aus Felsen feucht.","translation":"it falls, damp, out of the rock.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aus Felsen","title":"The preposition aus takes dative","body":"aus always takes the dative case and means 'out of, from inside'. aus Felsen means 'out of the rock'. es is a neuter pronoun with no stated noun it stands for, referring generally to the moisture that is falling."}],"words":[{"surface":"fällt","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"falls"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on fällt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fällt","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Felsen","lemma":"Felsen","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"rock"},{"surface":"feucht","lemma":"feucht","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fällt","gloss":"damp"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"der-gefangene-s2-l1","source":"Ich höre nur dieses Klopfen,","translation":"I hear only this knocking,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Klopfen","title":"Infinitive used as a noun","body":"klopfen means 'to knock, to tap, to beat'. The nominalized form das Klopfen names the sound itself, 'the knocking'. It is accusative here because it is the direct object of höre, 'I hear'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on höre","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"höre","lemma":"hören","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Klopfen","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Klopfen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Klopfen","lemma":"Klopfen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on höre","gloss":"knocking"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"der-gefangene-s2-l2","source":"und mein Herz hält Schritt","translation":"and my heart keeps pace","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hält Schritt","title":"A fixed idiom for keeping pace","body":"Schritt halten mit is a fixed idiom meaning 'to keep pace, to keep step with'. Schritt means 'step, stride', and halten here means 'to keep, maintain'. hält is the main verb, and Schritt is its direct object."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hält","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mein","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Herz","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Herz","lemma":"Herz","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hält","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"hält","lemma":"halten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"keeps"},{"surface":"Schritt","lemma":"Schritt","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hält","gloss":"pace"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"der-gefangene-s2-l3","source":"mit dem Gehen der Tropfen","translation":"with the going of the drops","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der Tropfen","title":"Genitive plural without an ending","body":"der Tropfen here is the genitive plural of Tropfen, 'drop', meaning 'of the drops'. It depends on das Gehen, a noun made from the verb gehen, 'to go'. Das Gehen der Tropfen together means 'the going of the drops'."}],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hält","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gehen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gehen","lemma":"Gehen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"going"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Tropfen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Tropfen","lemma":"Tropfen","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Gehen","gloss":"drops"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"der-gefangene-s2-l4","source":"und vergeht damit.","translation":"and passes away with it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vergeht","title":"A verb for fading away","body":"vergehen means 'to pass, elapse, fade away', used of time, pain, or dying. It is present tense third person singular here, agreeing with an earlier subject named in the poem. damit means 'with it, along with it', linking the fading to something mentioned just before."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on vergeht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"vergeht","lemma":"vergehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"passes away"},{"surface":"damit","lemma":"damit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vergeht","gloss":"with it"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"der-gefangene-s3-l1","source":"Tropften sie doch schneller,","translation":"If only they would drip faster,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Tropften sie doch","title":"A wish with verb first","body":"Putting the verb first in the sentence, together with the particle doch, forms a wish: Tropften sie doch schneller means 'if only they would drip faster'. Tropften is the subjunctive past form of tropfen, 'to drip'. doch adds the sense of longing to the wish."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tropften","lemma":"tropfen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would drip"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Tropften","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Tropften","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"schneller","lemma":"schnell","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Tropften","gloss":"faster"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"der-gefangene-s3-l2","source":"käme doch wieder ein Tier.","translation":"if only an animal would come again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"käme","title":"Konjunktiv II of kommen","body":"käme is the Konjunktiv II, or subjunctive, form of kommen, 'to come'. It stands first in the clause, with doch and wieder giving it the force of a wish that has not come true, 'if only it would come again'. ein Tier, 'an animal', is its subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"käme","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would come"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on käme","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on käme","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Tier","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Tier","lemma":"Tier","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on käme","gloss":"animal"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"der-gefangene-s3-l3","source":"Irgendwo war es heller–.","translation":"Somewhere it was brighter–.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"irgendwo","title":"An adverb meaning somewhere","body":"irgendwo means 'somewhere, somewhere or other', leaving the place unspecified. War es heller uses the impersonal pronoun es with war, the past tense of sein, to mean 'it was brighter'. Heller is the comparative of hell, 'bright'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Irgendwo","lemma":"irgendwo","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"Somewhere"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"heller–.","lemma":"hell","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"depends on war","gloss":"brighter"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"der-gefangene-s3-l4","source":"Aber was wissen wir.","translation":"But what do we know.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wissen","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wissen","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"wissen","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"},{"surface":"wir","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wissen","gloss":"we"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"der-gefangene-s4-l1","source":"II","translation":"II","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"II","lemma":"II","morphology":"numeral","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Part Two"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"der-gefangene-s5-l1","source":"Denk dir, das was jetzt Himmel ist und Wind,","translation":"Imagine: what is now sky and wind,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Denk dir","title":"An imperative with reflexive dative","body":"Denk is the informal imperative of denken, 'to think'. dir is the dative reflexive pronoun, so Denk dir literally means 'think to yourself', used idiomatically as 'imagine, picture this'. The whole phrase gives a command addressed directly to the person spoken to."}],"words":[{"surface":"Denk","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"Imagine"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"dir","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on Denk","gloss":"to yourself"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Denk","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ist","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"Himmel","lemma":"Himmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on was","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Wind","lemma":"Wind","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"wind"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"der-gefangene-s5-l2","source":"Luft deinem Mund und deinem Auge Helle,","translation":"air for your mouth and light for your eye,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"deinem Mund","title":"Dative with no preposition","body":"deinem Mund and deinem Auge are dative forms used without a preposition, meaning 'for your mouth' and 'for your eye'. This dative marks who benefits from something. Luft deinem Mund means 'air for your mouth', and deinem Auge Helle means 'brightness for your eye'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Luft","lemma":"Luft","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"air"},{"surface":"deinem","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Mund","lemma":"Mund","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Luft","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Luft","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"deinem","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Auge","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Auge","lemma":"Auge","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"Helle","lemma":"Helle","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"light"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"der-gefangene-s5-l3","source":"das würde Stein bis um die kleine Stelle,","translation":"all that would turn to stone, up to the small spot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"das würde Stein","title":"Konjunktiv II with werden","body":"würde is the Konjunktiv II form of werden, and werden plus a predicate noun means 'to turn into', so würde Stein means 'would turn to stone'. das is the subject of würde. bis um die kleine Stelle means 'up to the small spot', with bis depending on um."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on würde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"würde","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would become"},{"surface":"Stein","lemma":"Stein","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on würde","gloss":"stone"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on um","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on würde","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stelle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kleine","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stelle","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"Stelle","lemma":"Stelle","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"spot"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"der-gefangene-s5-l4","source":"an der dein Herz und deine Hände sind.","translation":"where your heart and your hands are.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"an der","title":"A dative relative clause","body":"an der combines the preposition an with the dative relative pronoun der, agreeing with a feminine noun, to mean 'at which, where'. Sind, the plural present of sein, sits at the end of the clause, as German requires in a subordinate clause. Dein Herz und deine Hände are its two subjects, 'your heart and your hands'."}],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"dein","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Herz","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Herz","lemma":"Herz","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"heart"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Herz","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"deine","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Hände","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Hände","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"der-gefangene-s6-l1","source":"Und was jetzt in dir morgen heißt und: dann","translation":"And what in you now is called tomorrow and: then","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"heißt","title":"A verb for being named","body":"heißen means 'to be named, be called' and also 'to signify'. was jetzt in dir morgen heißt means 'what right now in you is called tomorrow', naming the sense of future time itself. heißt is present tense third person singular, matching the pronoun was."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects to previous stanza","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of heißt","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on heißt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on heißt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"dir","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"morgen","lemma":"morgen","morphology":"adverb","role":"predicate complement of heißt","gloss":"tomorrow","note":"Quoted as the name of the word itself ('is called tomorrow'), not a literal time adverb."},{"surface":"heißt","lemma":"heißen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is called"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates dann with morgen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated predicate complement of heißt","gloss":"then"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"der-gefangene-s6-l2","source":"und: späterhin und nächstes Jahr und weiter–","translation":"and: later on and next year and onward–","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"späterhin","title":"Adverb for later time","body":"späterhin is an adverb meaning 'later on, subsequently, henceforth'. It appears alongside nächstes Jahr, 'next year', and weiter, 'onward', all joined by repeated und, 'and'. This repetition lists several words for future time one after another."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on heißt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"späterhin","lemma":"späterhin","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated predicate complement of heißt","gloss":"later on"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on heißt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nächstes","lemma":"nächster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Jahr","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Jahr","lemma":"Jahr","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinated predicate complement of heißt","gloss":"year"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on heißt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"weiter–","lemma":"weiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"coordinated predicate complement of heißt","gloss":"onward"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"der-gefangene-s6-l3","source":"das würde wund in dir und voller Eiter","translation":"all that would turn raw in you and full of pus","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wund","title":"An adjective for raw skin","body":"wund means 'sore, raw, chafed', describing skin that will not heal. würde wund means 'would turn raw', with wund a predicate adjective depending on würde. voller Eiter means 'full of pus', where voller functions like a preposition before the noun Eiter."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of würde","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"würde","lemma":"werden","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would turn"},{"surface":"wund","lemma":"wund","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on würde","gloss":"raw"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on würde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"dir","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates voller Eiter with wund","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voller","lemma":"voll","morphology":"adjective, uninflected","role":"depends on würde","gloss":"full of","note":"'voller' functions like a preposition ('full of'), a common colloquial use of 'voll' before a noun."},{"surface":"Eiter","lemma":"Eiter","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on voller","gloss":"pus"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"der-gefangene-s6-l4","source":"und schwäre nur und bräche nicht mehr an.","translation":"and would only suppurate and never break open again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"schwäre","title":"Konjunktiv II of an old verb","body":"schwären is an old verb meaning 'to fester, suppurate', for a sore to run with infection. schwäre is its Konjunktiv II form, continuing a hypothesis begun earlier in the sentence. Bräche, from anbrechen, 'to break open', is negated by nicht mehr, 'no longer', so the sore never bursts."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"bräche … an","title":"A separable verb in the subjunctive","body":"anbrechen, 'to break open, begin', is a separable verb. Its subjunctive form bräche takes the second position in the clause while the prefix an is pushed to the end, giving bräche nicht mehr an, 'would break open no more'. A stranded prefix at the end of a clause is the sign of a separable verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with würde (previous line)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"schwäre","lemma":"schwären","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated main verb with würde","gloss":"would suppurate"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schwäre","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects schwäre and bräche","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bräche","lemma":"anbrechen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated main verb with schwäre","gloss":"would break"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on bräche","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"anymore"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"particle, separable verb prefix","role":"separable prefix of bräche","gloss":"open","note":"Separable prefix of anbrechen ('to break open'); pairs with bräche earlier in the line."}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"der-gefangene-s7-l1","source":"Und das was war, das wäre irre und","translation":"And what once was, that would be mad and","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"irre","title":"Adjective meaning insane","body":"irre means 'mad, deranged, out of one's mind'. das was war means 'what once was', referring to the past, and wäre irre means 'would be insane'. wäre is the Konjunktiv II form of sein, 'to be', which keeps the statement in the conditional 'would be' rather than a plain fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"left-dislocated topic, resumed by das","gloss":"that","note":"'Das, was war, das...' is a left-dislocation: the topic is restated by a second das before the verb."},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of war","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying das","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wäre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"wäre","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"irre","lemma":"irre","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"mad"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects wäre to raste (next line)","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"der-gefangene-s7-l2","source":"raste in dir herum, den lieben Mund,","translation":"would rampage about inside you, the dear mouth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"raste … herum","title":"Separable verb, prefix at the end","body":"herumrasen, 'to rage or rampage around', is a separable verb, so its prefix herum moves to the end of the clause: raste in dir herum means 'would rage around inside you'. rasen alone means 'to rave, to move wildly'. den lieben Mund is accusative, extending the verb's reach to the mouth."}],"words":[{"surface":"raste","lemma":"rasen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated main verb with wäre","gloss":"would rampage"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on raste","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"dir","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"herum","lemma":"herum","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on raste","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"lieben","lemma":"lieb","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"Mund","lemma":"Mund","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"extends raste's scope to the addressee's mouth","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"der-gefangene-s7-l3","source":"der niemals lachte, schäumend von Gelächter.","translation":"that never laughed, frothing with laughter.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"schäumend","title":"Present participle meaning frothing","body":"schäumen means 'to foam, froth', of waves or a mouth, and schäumend is its present participle, 'frothing'. It depends on the noun Mund named earlier in the poem. Von Gelächter, 'with laughter', names what the mouth is frothing with."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, relative, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of lachte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"niemals","lemma":"niemals","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lachte","gloss":"never"},{"surface":"lachte","lemma":"lachen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"laughed"},{"surface":"schäumend","lemma":"schäumen","morphology":"participle, present","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"frothing"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schäumend","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Gelächter","lemma":"Gelächter","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"laughter"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"der-gefangene-s8-l1","source":"Und das was Gott war, wäre nur dein Wächter","translation":"And what was God would be only your guard","stanza":8,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Wächter","title":"A noun meaning watchman","body":"der Wächter means a watchman or guard, here used for a prison warder. das was Gott war is the subject, 'what once was God', and wäre nur dein Wächter is the subjunctive predicate, 'would be only your guard'. nur, 'only, merely', limits the noun that follows it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wäre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, relative, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of war","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause modifying das","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"wäre","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Wächter","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"dein","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wächter","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Wächter","lemma":"Wächter","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"guard"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"der-gefangene-s8-l2","source":"und stopfte boshaft in das letzte Loch","translation":"and would spitefully stuff into the last hole","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s8-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"stopfte","title":"Verb meaning to stuff","body":"stopfen means 'to stuff, to cram, to plug', as with a hole or a pipe. stopfte in das letzte Loch means 'would cram into the last hole'. in das Loch takes the accusative because it marks motion into a place, and boshaft, 'malicious, spiteful', describes how the action is done."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stopfte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stopfte","lemma":"stopfen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated main verb with wäre","gloss":"would stuff"},{"surface":"boshaft","lemma":"boshaft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stopfte","gloss":"spitefully"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stopfte","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Loch","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"letzte","lemma":"letzt","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Loch","gloss":"last"},{"surface":"Loch","lemma":"Loch","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"hole"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"der-gefangene-s8-l3","source":"ein schmutziges Auge. Und du lebtest doch.","translation":"a filthy eye. And you would go on living all the same.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-gefangene-s8-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"du lebtest doch","title":"Konjunktiv II, second person","body":"lebtest is the Konjunktiv II form of leben, 'to live', in the second person singular. doch here means 'and yet, all the same'. Und du lebtest doch means 'and yet you would go on living', a hypothetical statement rather than a fact."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Auge","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"schmutziges","lemma":"schmutzig","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Auge","gloss":"filthy"},{"surface":"Auge","lemma":"Auge","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of stopfte (previous line)","gloss":"eye"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on lebtest","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on lebtest","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"lebtest","lemma":"leben","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would live on"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lebtest","gloss":"all the same"}]}]}