{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"der-hund","title":{"source":"Der Hund","translated":"The Dog"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-hund","lines":12},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/das-kind","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-kaeferstein","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"der-hund-s1-l1","source":"Da oben wird das Bild von einer Welt","translation":"Up there the picture of a world is","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"da oben","title":"Adverb pair opens the sentence","body":"da and oben are both adverbs, 'there' and 'above', combining to mean 'up there'. They stand first in the clause and depend on wird, which is delayed to third position. das Bild von einer Welt is the subject, 'the picture of a world'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"oben","lemma":"oben","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Bild","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bild","lemma":"Bild","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wird","gloss":"picture"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Bild","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Welt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Welt","lemma":"Welt","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"world"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"der-hund-s1-l2","source":"aus Blicken immerfort erneut und gilt.","translation":"forever renewed from glances, and holds true.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gilt","title":"gelten, to hold true","body":"gilt comes from gelten, 'to be valid, to hold true'. aus Blicken is 'from glances' and immerfort is 'continually'. erneut is a predicate adjective completing wird, 'is renewed', not the adverb 'again'."}],"words":[{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on erneut","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Blicken","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"glances"},{"surface":"immerfort","lemma":"immerfort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erneut","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"erneut","lemma":"erneut","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"renewed","note":"Predicate adjective completing 'wird' (wird erneut = is renewed) — not the adverb 'again'."},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on erneut","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gilt","lemma":"gelten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"holds true"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"der-hund-s1-l3","source":"Nur manchmal, heimlich, kommt ein Ding und stellt","translation":"Only sometimes, in secret, a thing comes and sets","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on manchmal","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"manchmal","lemma":"manchmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"heimlich","lemma":"heimlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on manchmal","gloss":"in secret"},{"surface":"kommt","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ding","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Ding","lemma":"Ding","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommt","gloss":"thing"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stellt","lemma":"stellen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"sets"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"der-hund-s1-l4","source":"sich neben ihn, wenn er durch dieses Bild","translation":"itself beside him, when through this picture he","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"stellt sich neben ihn","title":"Reflexive verb split by the line","body":"sich belongs to stellt, which ends the previous line: stellt sich neben ihn, 'places itself beside him'. neben ihn is accusative, marking motion to a spot beside him, not a fixed location. ihn is the human being."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on stellt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"neben","lemma":"neben","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stellt","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on neben","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wenn","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on er","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Bild","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Bild","lemma":"Bild","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"picture"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"der-hund-s2-l1","source":"sich drängt, ganz unten, anders, wie er ist;","translation":"pushes through, far below, other, as he is;","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wenn er … sich drängt","title":"sich drängen, to push through","body":"sich drängen means 'to press, push, crowd oneself'; with durch dieses Bild from the line above it is 'pushes through this picture'. wie er ist means 'as he is'. ganz unten is 'far below' and anders is 'other'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"drängt","lemma":"drängen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pushes"},{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on unten","gloss":"completely"},{"surface":"unten","lemma":"unten","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"below"},{"surface":"anders","lemma":"anders","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the wie-clause","gloss":"is"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"der-hund-s2-l2","source":"nicht ausgestoßen und nicht eingereiht","translation":"not cast out and not ranked in,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ausgestoßen … eingereiht","title":"Two past participles negated","body":"ausgestoßen is the participle of ausstoßen, 'to expel, cast out'. eingereiht is the participle of einreihen, 'to slot into a row, rank in'. Both depend on an implied ist and are negated by the paired nicht ... und nicht."}],"words":[{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on ausgestoßen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"ausgestoßen","lemma":"ausstoßen","morphology":"verb, participle, past","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"cast out"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on eingereiht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on eingereiht","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"eingereiht","lemma":"einreihen","morphology":"verb, participle, past","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"ranked in"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"der-hund-s2-l3","source":"und wie im Zweifel seine Wirklichkeit","translation":"and, as if in doubt, his reality","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wie im Zweifel","title":"wie standing in for a hypothetical","body":"Zweifel is 'doubt'; wie im Zweifel means 'as though in doubt'. Here wie carries that hypothetical sense rather than its usual meaning 'how'. seine Wirklichkeit, 'his reality', is the object of weggebend in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on eingereiht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"depends on weggebend","gloss":"as if","note":"here \"wie\" works like \"as if,\" not its usual sense of \"how.\""},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Zweifel","lemma":"Zweifel","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"doubt"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wirklichkeit","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Wirklichkeit","lemma":"Wirklichkeit","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on weggebend","gloss":"reality"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"der-hund-s2-l4","source":"weggebend an das Bild, das er vergißt,","translation":"giving away to the picture, which he forgets,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"weggebend an","title":"Present participle used adverbially","body":"weggebend is the present participle of weggeben, 'to give away, hand over', used here adverbially. an das Bild is accusative after weggeben. das er vergißt, 'which he forgets', is a relative clause; vergißt keeps the old ß spelling of vergessen."}],"words":[{"surface":"weggebend","lemma":"weggeben","morphology":"verb, participle, present","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"giving away"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on weggebend","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Bild","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bild","lemma":"Bild","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"picture"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on vergißt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vergißt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"vergißt","lemma":"vergessen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on Bild","gloss":"forgets"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"der-hund-s3-l1","source":"um dennoch immer wieder sein Gesicht","translation":"only to hold his face, again and again,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um … hineinzuhalten","title":"um ... zu split across lines","body":"um opens a purpose clause, 'in order to', whose infinitive hineinzuhalten arrives only in the next line; German can stretch this frame across a line break. sein Gesicht, 'his face', is its object. dennoch is 'nevertheless' and immer wieder is 'again and again'."}],"words":[{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"dennoch","lemma":"dennoch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hineinzuhalten","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"surface":"immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wieder","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hineinzuhalten","gloss":"again","note":"\"immer wieder\" together is an idiom meaning \"again and again.\""},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gesicht","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Gesicht","lemma":"Gesicht","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hineinzuhalten","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"der-hund-s3-l2","source":"hineinzuhalten, fast mit einem Flehen,","translation":"into it, almost with a pleading,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hineinzuhalten","title":"hineinhalten, to hold into","body":"hineinhalten means 'to hold something into or inside'. The zu-infinitive hineinzuhalten completes the um ... zu begun in the line above: 'in order to hold his face into it'. Flehen means 'pleading, entreaty', from flehen, 'to beseech'."}],"words":[{"surface":"hineinzuhalten","lemma":"hineinhalten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on um","gloss":"hold into it"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hineinzuhalten","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Flehen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Flehen","lemma":"Flehen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"pleading"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"der-hund-s3-l3","source":"beinah begreifend, nah am Einverstehen","translation":"nearly comprehending, close to understanding,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Einverstehen","title":"A noun coined from a verb","body":"Einverstehen is Rilke's own noun, built from einverstanden sein, 'to be in agreement', and verstehen, 'to understand'; it names something like 'mutual understanding, accord'. begreifend is the present participle of begreifen, 'to grasp'. nah am is nah an dem, 'close to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"beinah","lemma":"beinah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on begreifend","gloss":"nearly"},{"surface":"begreifend","lemma":"begreifen","morphology":"verb, participle, present","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"comprehending"},{"surface":"nah","lemma":"nah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on begreifend","gloss":"close"},{"surface":"am","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nah","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Einverstehen","lemma":"Einverstehen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on am","gloss":"understanding"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"der-hund-s3-l4","source":"und doch verzichtend: denn er wäre nicht.","translation":"and yet renouncing: for he would not be.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-hund-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"denn er wäre nicht","title":"Subjunctive II with wäre","body":"wäre is the Konjunktiv II, or subjunctive, of sein, used for a contrary-to-fact condition: 'for he would not be'. verzichtend is the present participle of verzichten, 'to renounce, forgo'. doch here means 'yet'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on verzichtend","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verzichtend","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"verzichtend","lemma":"verzichten","morphology":"verb, participle, present","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"renouncing"},{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wäre","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on denn","gloss":"would be"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"not"}]}]}