{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"der-junggeselle","title":{"source":"Der Junggeselle","translated":"The Bachelor"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-junggeselle","lines":22},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/das-wappen","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-einsame","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"der-junggeselle-s1-l1","source":"Lampe auf den verlassenen Papieren,","translation":"A lamp upon the abandoned papers,","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verlassenen","title":"Past participle used as adjective","body":"verlassenen is the past participle of verlassen, 'to leave, to abandon', used here as an adjective meaning 'abandoned'. It takes the dative plural ending -en to agree with Papieren after den."}],"words":[{"surface":"Lampe","lemma":"Lampe","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"A lamp"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Lampe","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Papieren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verlassenen","lemma":"verlassen","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Papieren","gloss":"abandoned"},{"surface":"Papieren","lemma":"Papier","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"papers"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"der-junggeselle-s1-l2","source":"und ringsum Nacht bis weit hinein ins Holz","translation":"and all around night, far in into the wood","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hinein","title":"Motion inward, away from speaker","body":"hinein means 'into there', motion inward and away from the speaker, unlike herein, motion toward the speaker. bis weit hinein ins Holz means 'far in, into the wood [of the cabinets]'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Lampe","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ringsum","lemma":"ringsum","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"all around"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"as far as"},{"surface":"weit","lemma":"weit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bis","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"hinein","lemma":"hinein","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bis","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ins","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hinein","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Holz","lemma":"Holz","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ins","gloss":"wood"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"der-junggeselle-s1-l3","source":"der Schränke. Und er konnte sich verlieren","translation":"of the cabinets. And he could lose himself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich verlieren","title":"A reflexive verb","body":"sich verlieren means 'to lose oneself, to get lost'. sich is the reflexive pronoun, the object of the action turned back on the subject er. Note that der Schränke, 'of the cabinets', belongs to the previous line; the clause break falls mid-line."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Schränke","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schränke","lemma":"Schrank","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Holz","gloss":"cabinets"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on konnte","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on konnte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"konnte","lemma":"können","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on verlieren","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"verlieren","lemma":"verlieren","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on konnte","gloss":"lose"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"der-junggeselle-s1-l4","source":"an sein Geschlecht, das nun mit ihm zerschmolz;","translation":"in his lineage, which now melted away with him;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Geschlecht","title":"Family line, not gender","body":"Geschlecht can mean 'gender' or 'sex', but here it carries the older sense of 'lineage, family line'. sein Geschlecht, 'his lineage', is what zerschmolz, 'melted away', together with him."}],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verlieren","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Geschlecht","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Geschlecht","lemma":"Geschlecht","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"lineage"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zerschmolz","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"nun","lemma":"nun","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zerschmolz","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on zerschmolz","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"zerschmolz","lemma":"zerschmelzen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"melted away"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"der-junggeselle-s1-l5","source":"ihm schien, je mehr er las, er hätte ihren,","translation":"it seemed to him, the more he read, that he had theirs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"je mehr","title":"Comparative sets up a proportion","body":"je mehr er las means 'the more he read'. The je plus comparative pattern sets up a proportion, usually completed by desto or umso. er hätte uses hätte, the subjunctive of haben, because the clause reports only what seemed to be so."}],"words":[{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"schien","lemma":"scheinen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on mehr","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on las","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on las","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"las","lemma":"lesen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"read"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hätte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ihren","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"theirs","note":"Elliptical: 'ihren [Stolz]' — 'their [pride],' echoed by 'seinen Stolz' in the next line."}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"der-junggeselle-s1-l6","source":"sie aber hatten alle seinen Stolz.","translation":"but they all had his pride.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Stolz","title":"A noun meaning pride","body":"Stolz means 'pride'. It is accusative singular, object of hatten, 'had': sie ... hatten ... seinen Stolz, 'they had his pride'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hatten","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"aller","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"seinen","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Stolz","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Stolz","lemma":"Stolz","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"pride"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"der-junggeselle-s2-l1","source":"Hochmütig steiften sich die leeren Stühle","translation":"Haughtily the empty chairs stiffened themselves","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"steiften sich","title":"A reflexive verb, stiffened","body":"steiften sich means 'stiffened themselves', from steifen, 'to stiffen', with the reflexive pronoun sich. Hochmütig, 'haughtily', and die leeren Stühle, 'the empty chairs', are the subject performing the reflexive action."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hochmütig","lemma":"hochmütig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on steiften","gloss":"Haughtily"},{"surface":"steiften","lemma":"steifen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stiffened"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on steiften","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Stühle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"leeren","lemma":"leer","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Stühle","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"Stühle","lemma":"Stuhl","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on steiften","gloss":"chairs"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"der-junggeselle-s2-l2","source":"die Wand entlang, und lauter Selbstgefühle","translation":"along the wall, and sheer self-regard","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die Wand entlang","title":"Preposition follows its noun","body":"entlang, 'along', is a preposition that here follows its noun rather than preceding it: die Wand entlang means 'along the wall'. This word order is normal for entlang with the accusative."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wand","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wand","lemma":"Wand","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on steiften","gloss":"wall"},{"surface":"entlang","lemma":"entlang","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Wand","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on steiften","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lauter","lemma":"lauter","morphology":"determiner","role":"depends on Selbstgefühle","gloss":"sheer"},{"surface":"Selbstgefühle","lemma":"Selbstgefühl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"self-regard"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"der-junggeselle-s2-l3","source":"machten sich schläfernd in den Möbeln breit;","translation":"spread themselves drowsily through the furniture;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich breit machen","title":"An idiom, to spread out","body":"sich breitmachen literally means 'to make oneself broad', an idiom for 'to spread out, to sprawl'. machten sich ... breit splits the idiom apart: machten is the verb, sich the reflexive pronoun, breit the predicate adjective at the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"machten","lemma":"machen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spread"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on machten","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"schläfernd","lemma":"schläfern","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on machten","gloss":"drowsily"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on machten","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Möbeln","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Möbeln","lemma":"Möbel","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"furniture"},{"surface":"breit","lemma":"breit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on machten","gloss":"wide","note":"idiom: sich breitmachen — literally 'to make oneself broad,' i.e. to spread out, sprawl."}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"der-junggeselle-s2-l4","source":"von oben goß sich Nacht auf die Pendüle,","translation":"from above the night poured itself onto the pendulum clock,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Pendüle","title":"A French loanword for clock","body":"Pendüle means 'pendulum clock', a French loanword. It is accusative singular after auf: die Pendüle, 'onto the [pendulum] clock'."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on goß","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"oben","lemma":"oben","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on von","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"goß","lemma":"gießen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"poured"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on goß","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on goß","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on goß","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Pendüle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Pendüle","lemma":"Pendüle","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"clock"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"der-junggeselle-s2-l5","source":"und zitternd rann aus ihrer goldnen Mühle,","translation":"and trembling there ran out of its golden mill,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"rann","title":"Simple past of to flow","body":"rann is the simple past, third-person singular, of rinnen, 'to run, to trickle, to flow'. zitternd modifies the same subject, 'shaking', and aus ihrer goldnen Mühle means 'out of its golden mill'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zitternd","lemma":"zittern","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rann","gloss":"trembling"},{"surface":"rann","lemma":"rinnen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on rann","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Mühle","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"goldnen","lemma":"golden","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Mühle","gloss":"golden"},{"surface":"Mühle","lemma":"Mühle","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"mill"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"der-junggeselle-s2-l6","source":"ganz fein gemahlen, seine Zeit.","translation":"ground entirely fine, his time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s2-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gemahlen","title":"Ground fine, like grain","body":"gemahlen is the past participle of mahlen, 'to grind', as grain is ground in a mill. ganz fein gemahlen means 'ground entirely fine', describing seine Zeit, 'his time'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fein","gloss":"entirely"},{"surface":"fein","lemma":"fein","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gemahlen","gloss":"fine"},{"surface":"gemahlen","lemma":"mahlen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ground"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Zeit","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Zeit","lemma":"Zeit","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of rann","gloss":"time"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l1","source":"Er nahm sie nicht. Um fiebernd unter jenen,","translation":"He did not take them. To drag away, feverishly, among those,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Um … wegzuzerrn","title":"Opening an in-order-to clause","body":"Um here begins an um ... zu construction, 'in order to', completed later by wegzuzerrn. The infinitive clause explains the unstated purpose behind the sentence before it, Er nahm sie nicht."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"nahm","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wegzuzerrn","gloss":"To"},{"surface":"fiebernd","lemma":"fiebern","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wegzuzerrn","gloss":"feverishly"},{"surface":"unter","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fiebernd","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"jenen","lemma":"jener","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on unter","gloss":"those"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l2","source":"als zöge er die Laken ihrer Leiber,","translation":"as if he were pulling the sheets from their bodies,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als zöge er","title":"Subjunctive for an imagined act","body":"als zöge er uses zöge, the Konjunktiv II (subjunctive) of ziehen, 'to pull'. als plus the subjunctive means 'as though', describing an imagined action rather than a real one: 'as though he were pulling the sheets'."}],"words":[{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on zöge","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"zöge","lemma":"ziehen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were pulling"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zöge","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Laken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Laken","lemma":"Laken","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on zöge","gloss":"sheets"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Leiber","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Leiber","lemma":"Leiber","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Laken","gloss":"bodies"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l3","source":"andre Zeiten wegzuzerrn.","translation":"to wrench other ages away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wegzuzerrn","title":"Infinitive completes a purpose clause","body":"wegzuzerrn is the infinitive of wegzerren, 'to wrench away, to drag off', with zu inserted for the infinitive construction begun by Um two lines above. andre Zeiten wegzuzerrn means 'to wrench other ages away'."}],"words":[{"surface":"andre","lemma":"andere","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Zeiten","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Zeiten","lemma":"Zeit","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on wegzuzerrn","gloss":"ages"},{"surface":"wegzuzerrn","lemma":"wegzerren","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on Um","gloss":"wrench away"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l4","source":"Bis er ins Flüstern kam; (was war ihm fern?)","translation":"Until he fell to whispering; (what was far from him?)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ins Flüstern kam","title":"An idiom, to fall to whispering","body":"ins Flüstern kommen is an idiom meaning 'to fall to whispering, to start whispering'. ins contracts in plus das; kam is the simple past of kommen, 'to come'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"Until"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ins","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"into","note":"ins = in + das (contraction)."},{"surface":"Flüstern","lemma":"Flüstern","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ins","gloss":"whispering"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell","note":"idiom: ins Flüstern kommen = to fall to whispering, start whispering."},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fern","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"fern","lemma":"fern","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"far"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l5","source":"Er lobte einen dieser Briefeschreiber,","translation":"He praised one of these letter-writers,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Briefeschreiber","title":"One of these, genitive plural","body":"Briefeschreiber, 'letter-writers', is genitive plural after dieser in the phrase einen dieser Briefeschreiber, 'one of these letter-writers'. This construction uses the genitive-plural form dieser even though einen is singular, since the noun names the group being drawn from."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on lobte","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"lobte","lemma":"loben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"praised"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"einer","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on lobte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"dieser","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Briefeschreiber","gloss":"these","note":"einen dieser + noun uses the genitive-plural form dieser for 'one of these X.'"},{"surface":"Briefeschreiber","lemma":"Briefeschreiber","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on einen","gloss":"letter-writers"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l6","source":"als sei der Brief an ihn: wie du mich kennst;","translation":"as if the letter were to him: how well you know me;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als sei der Brief","title":"Subjunctive marking an unreal claim","body":"als sei der Brief uses sei, the Konjunktiv I (subjunctive) of sein, 'to be'. als plus the subjunctive again means 'as though': 'as though the letter were addressed to him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on sei","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Brief","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Brief","lemma":"Brief","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sei","gloss":"letter"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sei","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"ihn","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kennst","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on kennst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mich","lemma":"mich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on kennst","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"kennst","lemma":"kennen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"know"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l7","source":"und klopfte lustig auf die Seitenlehnen.","translation":"and tapped merrily on the armrests.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Seitenlehnen","title":"Compound noun for armrests","body":"Seitenlehnen means 'armrests', literally 'side-rests', a compound of Seite, 'side', and Lehne, 'rest, support'. It is accusative plural after auf die, 'on the'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on klopfte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"klopfte","lemma":"klopfen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tapped"},{"surface":"lustig","lemma":"lustig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on klopfte","gloss":"merrily"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on klopfte","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Seitenlehnen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Seitenlehnen","lemma":"Seitenlehne","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"armrests"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l8","source":"Der Spiegel aber, innen unbegrenzter,","translation":"But the mirror, more boundless within,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unbegrenzter","title":"Comparative form of unbegrenzt","body":"unbegrenzter is the comparative of unbegrenzt, 'boundless, unlimited', used adverbially: innen unbegrenzter means 'more boundless within'. unbegrenzt itself combines un-, the negating prefix, with begrenzt, 'bounded'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Spiegel","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Spiegel","lemma":"Spiegel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"mirror"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Spiegel","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"innen","lemma":"innen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on unbegrenzter","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"unbegrenzter","lemma":"unbegrenzt","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"depends on Spiegel","gloss":"more boundless"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l9","source":"ließ leise einen Vorhang aus, ein Fenster–:","translation":"softly let out a curtain, a window —:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ließ … aus","title":"Separable verb, lassen ... aus","body":"auslassen means 'to let out, to leave out'. ließ ... aus splits the separable verb across the clause: ließ is the finite verb, aus the stranded prefix at the end, 'let out a curtain, a window'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ließ","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"leise","lemma":"leise","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Vorhang","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Vorhang","lemma":"Vorhang","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"curtain"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Fenster–","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Fenster–","lemma":"Fenster","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"window","note":"the dash is Rilke's punctuation (a trailing pause), not part of the word."}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"der-junggeselle-s3-l10","source":"denn dorten stand, fast fertig, das Gespenst.","translation":"for there stood, almost finished, the ghost.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-junggeselle-s3-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gespenst","title":"The noun for a ghost","body":"Gespenst means 'ghost, apparition'. dorten is an archaic or poetic form of dort, 'there'. denn dorten stand ... das Gespenst means 'for there stood ... the ghost'."}],"words":[{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dorten","lemma":"dort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"there","note":"dorten is an archaic/poetic form of dort ('there')."},{"surface":"stand","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fertig","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"fertig","lemma":"fertig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"finished"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gespenst","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gespenst","lemma":"Gespenst","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"ghost"}]}]}