{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"der-oelbaumgarten","title":{"source":"Der Ölbaumgarten","translated":"The Garden of Olives"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten","lines":29},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-auszug-des-verlorenen-sohnes","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/pieta","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s1-l1","source":"Er ging hinauf unter dem grauen Laub","translation":"He went up under the grey foliage","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ging hinauf","title":"Separable prefix comes last","body":"Hinaufgehen means 'to go up'. In a main clause it splits: er ging hinauf, with the verb ging second and the prefix hinauf at the end. Hinauf marks motion up and away from the speaker."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"hinauf","lemma":"hinauf","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"unter","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"under"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Laub","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"grauen","lemma":"grau","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Laub","gloss":"grey"},{"surface":"Laub","lemma":"Laub","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on unter","gloss":"foliage"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s1-l2","source":"ganz grau und aufgelöst im ölgelände","translation":"all grey and dissolved in the olive ground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aufgelöst","title":"Past participle used as adjective","body":"Aufgelöst is the past participle of auflösen, 'to dissolve, break up, undo', used here as an adjective. Grau und aufgelöst describes the subject, coordinated with grau. Ölgelände, lower cased here, means 'olive ground'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on grau","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"grau","lemma":"grau","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"describes Er, coordinated with aufgelöst","gloss":"grey"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on grau","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aufgelöst","lemma":"auflösen","morphology":"adjective, predicate (past participle of auflösen)","role":"describes Er, coordinated with grau","gloss":"dissolved"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufgelöst","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"ölgelände","lemma":"Ölgelände","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"olive ground"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s1-l3","source":"und legte seine Stirne voller Staub","translation":"and laid his forehead, covered in dust,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with ging, introduces the second main verb legte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"legte","lemma":"legen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb of the sentence, coordinated with ging","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stirne","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Stirne","lemma":"Stirne","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on legte","gloss":"forehead"},{"surface":"voller","lemma":"voll","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Stirne","gloss":"covered in"},{"surface":"Staub","lemma":"Staub","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on voller","gloss":"dust"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s1-l4","source":"tief in das Staubigsein der heißen Hände.","translation":"deep into the dustiness of his hot hands.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Staubigsein","title":"A coined abstract noun","body":"Rilke nominalizes the phrase staubig sein, 'to be dusty', into one neuter noun, das Staubigsein, literally 'the being dusty'. German freely turns whole phrases into nouns this way. Here it names dust as a state rather than a mere coating."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"tief in das Staubigsein","title":"In plus accusative for motion","body":"In here governs the accusative, das Staubigsein, rather than the dative, because the motion is into something, not rest inside it. The accusative das, instead of dative dem, marks this as a movement toward, a laying down."}],"words":[{"surface":"tief","lemma":"tief","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on legte","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tief","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Staubigsein","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Staubigsein","lemma":"Staubigsein","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"dustiness"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Hände","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"heißen","lemma":"heiß","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Hände","gloss":"hot"},{"surface":"Hände","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Staubigsein","gloss":"hands"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s2-l1","source":"Nach allem dies. Und dieses war der Schluß.","translation":"After everything, this. And this was the end.","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Schluß","title":"The end, the close","body":"Der Schluss, spelled der Schluß here, means 'the end, the close, the conclusion'. It stands alone as its own short sentence, set apart from the rest by the periods around dies."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on dies","gloss":"After"},{"surface":"allem","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Nach","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schluß","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schluß","lemma":"Schluß","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate of war","gloss":"end"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s2-l2","source":"Jetzt soll ich gehen, während ich erblinde,","translation":"Now I am to go, while I am going blind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"soll ich gehen","title":"Obligation laid on one","body":"The modal sollen expresses a duty imposed from outside: ich soll gehen means 'I am to go, I am supposed to go'. It marks the action as required of the speaker, not chosen by him."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"während ich erblinde","title":"Subordinating conjunction sends the verb last","body":"Während, 'while', is a subordinating conjunction, so its clause puts the finite verb at the end: während ich erblinde. Erblinden means 'to go blind, to lose one's sight'; the prefix er- marks entering a state."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on soll","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"soll","lemma":"sollen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am to"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on soll","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"gehen","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on soll","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"während","lemma":"während","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on erblinde","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on erblinde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"erblinde","lemma":"erblinden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"verb of the während-clause","gloss":"am going blind"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s2-l3","source":"und warum willst Du, daß ich sagen muß,","translation":"and why do You will that I must say","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on willst","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"warum","lemma":"warum","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on willst","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"willst","lemma":"wollen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"do You will"},{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on willst","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on muß","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on muß","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"sagen","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on muß","gloss":"say"},{"surface":"muß","lemma":"müssen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the daß-clause","gloss":"must"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s2-l4","source":"Du seist, wenn ich Dich selber nicht mehr finde.","translation":"that You are, when I myself no longer find You.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Du seist","title":"Subjunctive for reported speech","body":"Seist is the Konjunktiv I of sein, 'to be', the subjunctive German uses to report a claim rather than assert it directly: 'that You are, that You exist'. It marks the statement as something said, not confirmed."}],"words":[{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on seist","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"seist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"Dich","lemma":"dich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"selber","lemma":"selber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"finde","lemma":"finden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the wenn-clause","gloss":"find"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s3-l1","source":"Ich finde Dich nicht mehr. Nicht in mir, nein.","translation":"I no longer find You. Not in me, no.","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nicht mehr","title":"No longer, not anymore","body":"Nicht mehr means 'no longer, not any more'. It implies an earlier state that has ended: something was once found and now is not. The phrase repeats across the lines that follow."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"finde","lemma":"finden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"Dich","lemma":"dich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"Nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on in","gloss":"Not"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"mir","lemma":"mir","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"nein","lemma":"nein","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on Nicht, emphatic restatement","gloss":"no"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s3-l2","source":"Nicht in den andern. Nicht in diesem Stein.","translation":"Not in the others. Not in this stone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on in","gloss":"Not"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on andern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"andern","lemma":"anderer","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"Nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on in","gloss":"Not"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"diesem","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Stein","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Stein","lemma":"Stein","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"stone"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s3-l3","source":"Ich finde Dich nicht mehr. Ich bin allein.","translation":"I no longer find You. I am alone.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"finde","lemma":"finden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"find"},{"surface":"Dich","lemma":"dich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on finde","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"bin","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"allein","lemma":"allein","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"predicate of bin","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s4-l1","source":"Ich bin allein mit aller Menschen Gram,","translation":"I am alone with all of mankind's grief,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aller Menschen Gram","title":"Genitive placed before its noun","body":"Aller Menschen is the genitive plural, 'of all people', placed before the noun it modifies, Gram, 'grief, sorrow'. This fronted genitive is literary word order; everyday German would say der Gram aller Menschen."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"bin","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"allein","lemma":"allein","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"predicate of bin","gloss":"alone"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"aller","lemma":"aller","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Menschen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Menschen","lemma":"Mensch","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Gram","gloss":"mankind's"},{"surface":"Gram","lemma":"Gram","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"grief"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s4-l2","source":"den ich durch Dich zu lindern unternahm,","translation":"which through You I undertook to ease,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zu lindern unternahm","title":"Unternehmen plus zu infinitive","body":"Unternahm is the simple past of unternehmen, 'to undertake, set about'; it governs an infinitive with zu: zu lindern unternahm, 'undertook to ease'. Lindern means 'to ease, alleviate' pain or grief. Den refers back to Gram, named just before."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of lindern, refers to Gram","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on unternahm","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lindern","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"Dich","lemma":"dich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on lindern","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"lindern","lemma":"lindern","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on unternahm","gloss":"ease"},{"surface":"unternahm","lemma":"unternehmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"undertook"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s4-l3","source":"der Du nicht bist, o namenlose Scham...","translation":"You who are not, o nameless shame...","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der Du nicht bist","title":"Relative clause of address","body":"Der Du nicht bist means literally 'you who are not'. The relative pronoun der reaches back to the addressed Du, and the verb bist stands at the end of its clause, as subordinate clauses require."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"namenlose Scham","title":"Nameless, boundless","body":"Die Scham means 'shame'. Namenlos, 'nameless', here means boundless or unspeakable, so namenlose Scham means 'unutterable shame'. The line trails off into an ellipsis rather than closing."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Du, archaic 'der Du' address form","gloss":"who","note":"der Du bist is an archaic apostrophic construction ('you who are/art'), used in solemn address — compare the Lord's Prayer's der Du bist im Himmel."},{"surface":"Du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bist","gloss":"You"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on bist","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"bist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the exclamation namenlose Scham","gloss":"o"},{"surface":"namenlose","lemma":"namenlos","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Scham","gloss":"nameless"},{"surface":"Scham","lemma":"Scham","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"exclamatory apposition, addressed alongside Du","gloss":"shame"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s5-l1","source":"Später erzählte man: ein Engel kam–.","translation":"Later it was told: an angel came—.","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"erzählte man","title":"The impersonal pronoun man","body":"Man is the impersonal pronoun, 'one, people, they', used for something said without naming who said it: erzählte man means 'people told, it was told'. It sets the following claim at a distance, since no witness is named."}],"words":[{"surface":"Später","lemma":"spät","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erzählte","gloss":"Later"},{"surface":"erzählte","lemma":"erzählen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on erzählte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Engel","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Engel","lemma":"Engel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of kam","gloss":"angel"},{"surface":"kam–.","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the embedded clause after the colon","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s6-l1","source":"Warum ein Engel? Ach es kam die Nacht","translation":"Why an angel? Ah, the night came","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"es kam die Nacht","title":"Placeholder es with inversion","body":"Es here is a dummy subject filling the first slot; the real subject, die Nacht, follows the verb: es kam die Nacht, 'there came the night'. German uses this es frame to delay and highlight the true subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"Warum","lemma":"warum","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Engel","gloss":"Why"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Engel","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Engel","lemma":"Engel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"angel"},{"surface":"Ach","lemma":"ach","morphology":"interjection","role":"introduces the following clause","gloss":"Ah"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"there","note":"Poetic inversion: es kam die Nacht puts the dummy subject es before the verb, with the true subject die Nacht following — equivalent to 'the night came.'"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of kam","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s6-l2","source":"und blätterte gleichgültig in den Bäumen.","translation":"and leafed indifferently through the trees.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"blätterte in den Bäumen","title":"To leaf through, page through","body":"Blättern in means 'to leaf through, to page through' a book. Gleichgültig means 'indifferently, with indifference'. The verb plays on Blatt, which means both 'leaf' and 'page'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with kam, introduces the second main verb blätterte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"blätterte","lemma":"blättern","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leafed"},{"surface":"gleichgültig","lemma":"gleichgültig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on blätterte","gloss":"indifferently"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on blätterte","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Bäumen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bäumen","lemma":"Baum","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"trees"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s6-l3","source":"Die Jünger rührten sich in ihren Träumen.","translation":"The disciples stirred in their dreams.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Jünger","title":"Disciples, followers","body":"Der Jünger, plural die Jünger unchanged, is the word for a religious 'disciple, follower'. Sich rühren is the reflexive verb 'to stir, to move'. Here the disciples stir only inside their dreams."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Jünger","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Jünger","lemma":"Jünger","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on rührten","gloss":"disciples"},{"surface":"rührten","lemma":"rühren","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stirred"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on rührten","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on rührten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ihren","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Träumen","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Träumen","lemma":"Traum","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"dreams"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s6-l4","source":"Warum ein Engel? Ach es kam die Nacht.","translation":"Why an angel? Ah, the night came.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Warum","lemma":"warum","morphology":"interrogative adverb","role":"depends on Engel","gloss":"why"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Engel","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Engel","lemma":"Engel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"angel"},{"surface":"Ach","lemma":"ach","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"formal (dummy) subject of kam","gloss":"there","note":"Expletive 'es' filling the front position; the real subject is 'die Nacht' after the verb, so 'es kam die Nacht' reads like 'there came the night.'"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"logical subject of kam","gloss":"night"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s7-l1","source":"Die Nacht, die kam, war keine ungemeine;","translation":"The night that came was no uncommon one;","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"keine ungemeine","title":"Uncommon, extraordinary","body":"Ungemein means 'uncommon, extraordinary', literally 'not common'. Keine ungemeine is a double negative: 'not an extraordinary one', that is, an ordinary night. Gemein in its older sense means 'common, ordinary'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"keine","lemma":"kein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ungemeine","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"ungemeine","lemma":"ungemein","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate of war","gloss":"uncommon one"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s7-l2","source":"so gehen hunderte vorbei.","translation":"hundreds like it pass by.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gehen … vorbei","title":"Separable verb vorbeigehen","body":"Vorbeigehen, 'to pass by, go past', splits in a main clause: hunderte gehen vorbei, with the prefix vorbei at the end. Hunderte, 'hundreds', is used here as a bare plural noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gehen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"gehen","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"pass"},{"surface":"hunderte","lemma":"Hundert","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of gehen","gloss":"hundreds"},{"surface":"vorbei","lemma":"vorbei","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gehen","gloss":"by"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s8-l1","source":"Da schlafen Hunde, und da liegen Steine.","translation":"There dogs are sleeping, and there stones lie.","stanza":8,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Da schlafen Hunde","title":"Da fronted, verb inverts","body":"Da, 'there', opens the clause, so the verb comes before its subject: da schlafen Hunde, 'there sleep dogs'. German fronts an adverb like this and inverts word order to keep the verb in second position."}],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schlafen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"schlafen","lemma":"schlafen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sleep"},{"surface":"Hunde","lemma":"Hund","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of schlafen","gloss":"dogs"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects schlafen and liegen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on liegen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"liegen","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"second main verb, coordinated with schlafen","gloss":"lie"},{"surface":"Steine","lemma":"Stein","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of liegen","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s8-l2","source":"Ach eine traurige, ach irgendeine,","translation":"Ah, a sorrowful one, ah, just any one,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s8-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"irgendeine","title":"Some or other, just any","body":"Irgendein means 'some or other, just any'. Here, feminine to agree with Nacht, it appears alone as irgendeine, 'just any one'. It reduces the noun it stands for to an unspecified instance."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ach","lemma":"ach","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on traurige","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on traurige","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"traurige","lemma":"traurig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase (elliptical for 'eine traurige [Nacht]')","gloss":"sorrowful one"},{"surface":"ach","lemma":"ach","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on irgendeine","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"irgendeine","lemma":"irgendeiner","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with traurige","gloss":"just any one"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s8-l3","source":"die wartet, bis es wieder Morgen sei.","translation":"that waits until it be morning again.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s8-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bis es wieder Morgen sei","title":"Subjunctive sei after bis","body":"Sei is the Konjunktiv I of sein, used here after bis, 'until', for an event still awaited and not yet real: bis es wieder Morgen sei, 'until it be morning again'. Es wird Morgen is the impersonal idiom for 'morning comes'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wartet","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"wartet","lemma":"warten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"waits"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on sei","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on sei","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sei","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Morgen","lemma":"Morgen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sei","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"sei","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on wartet","gloss":"be"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l1","source":"Denn Engel kommen nicht zu solchen Betern,","translation":"For angels do not come to such prayers as these,","stanza":9,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Denn","title":"Coordinating conjunction, normal order","body":"Denn means 'for, because' and is a coordinating conjunction, so it does not send the verb to the end: denn Engel kommen nicht keeps normal word order, unlike the subordinating weil. Die Beter means 'those who pray, supplicants'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kommen","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Engel","lemma":"Engel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of kommen","gloss":"angels"},{"surface":"kommen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on kommen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"solchen","lemma":"solcher","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Betern","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Betern","lemma":"Beter","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"those who pray","note":"'Beter' means 'one who prays, a supplicant'; the translation uses the archaic English sense of 'prayer' as 'one who prays,' not the recited prayer itself."}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l2","source":"und Nächte werden nicht um solche groß.","translation":"and nights do not grow great around such men.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"werden … groß","title":"Werden plus adjective, to become","body":"Werden plus an adjective means 'to become, to grow': Nächte werden groß means 'nights grow great, become grand'. Um solche means 'around such people'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on werden","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Nächte","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of werden","gloss":"nights"},{"surface":"werden","lemma":"werden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grow"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on werden","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on groß","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"solche","lemma":"solche","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on um","gloss":"such men","note":"Elliptical: 'solche' stands for 'solche [Menschen/Beter]' (such people), picking up the 'Betern' of the previous line."},{"surface":"groß","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adjective, uninflected, predicate","role":"depends on werden","gloss":"great"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l3","source":"Die Sich-Verlierenden läßt alles los,","translation":"Those who lose themselves are let go by everything,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Sich-Verlierenden","title":"A nominalized reflexive verb","body":"Die Sich-Verlierenden is a nominalized present participle of the reflexive sich verlieren, 'to lose oneself': it means 'those who are losing themselves'. Rilke hyphenates the reflexive pronoun into the noun itself."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"läßt alles los","title":"Separable verb loslassen","body":"Loslassen, 'to let go, release', splits: alles läßt … los, 'everything lets go'. The object die Sich-Verlierenden is fronted before the verb, so the clause reads alles läßt die Sich-Verlierenden los, 'everything releases those who lose themselves'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Sich-Verlierenden","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"Sich-Verlierenden","lemma":"Sich-Verlierende","morphology":"noun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of läßt","gloss":"those who lose themselves"},{"surface":"läßt","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of läßt","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"los","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on läßt","gloss":"go","note":"Word order is inverted for emphasis: 'alles' (everything) is the singular subject that agrees with 'läßt,' while the fronted 'Die Sich-Verlierenden' is the object — 'everything lets those who lose themselves go.'"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l4","source":"und sie sind preisgegeben von den Vätern","translation":"and they are given up by their fathers","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"preisgegeben","title":"To give up, abandon","body":"Preisgeben means 'to give up, abandon, expose, surrender'. The passive sie sind preisgegeben von den Vätern means 'they are abandoned by the fathers'. Von marks the agent of the passive."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"preisgegeben","lemma":"preisgeben","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"given up"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on preisgegeben","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Vätern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Vätern","lemma":"Vater","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"fathers"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l5","source":"und ausgeschlossen aus der Mütter Schoß.","translation":"and shut out from the mothers' womb.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-oelbaumgarten-s9-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ausgeschlossen aus der Mütter Schoß","title":"Ausschließen aus plus dative","body":"Ausgeschlossen is the past participle of the separable verb ausschließen, 'to shut out, exclude', which governs aus plus dative. Der Mütter is the genitive plural, 'of the mothers', fronted before Schoß, 'lap, womb': aus der Mütter Schoß means 'from the mothers' womb'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sind (previous line)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ausgeschlossen","lemma":"ausschließen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sind, coordinated with preisgegeben","gloss":"shut out"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ausgeschlossen","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Mütter","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mütter","lemma":"Mutter","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Schoß","gloss":"mothers'"},{"surface":"Schoß","lemma":"Schoß","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"womb","note":"Poetic word order: the genitive 'der Mütter' (of the mothers) is placed before its head noun 'Schoß' (womb); plain prose order would be 'aus dem Schoß der Mütter.'"}]}]}