{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"der-tod-der-geliebten","title":{"source":"Der Tod der Geliebten","translated":"The Death of the Beloved"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/klage-um-antinous","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/klage-um-jonathan","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s1-l1","source":"Er wußte nur vom Tod, was alle wissen:","translation":"He knew of death only what everyone knows:","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wußte","title":"Preterite of wissen","body":"Wußte is the preterite of wissen, 'to know a fact', an irregular verb: present er weiß, past er wußte. The ß follows the pre-1996 spelling; modern German writes wusste, with ss, because the vowel u is short here."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wußte","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"vom","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Tod","lemma":"Tod","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vom","gloss":"death"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wissen","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wissen","gloss":"everyone"},{"surface":"wissen","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s1-l2","source":"daß er uns nimmt und in das Stumme stößt.","translation":"that it takes us and shoves us into the mute.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"daß er uns nimmt","title":"Verbs sent to clause end","body":"Daß, the older spelling of dass, 'that', is a subordinating conjunction, so its finite verbs go to the end of the clause: nimmt and stößt. The clause spells out the content of the line before it."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"in das Stumme","title":"The mute, the silent realm","body":"Stumm means 'mute, dumb, silent'; as a neuter adjectival noun, das Stumme means 'the mute realm, the silence'. In das Stumme stößt, with in plus accusative for motion into a place, means 'shoves into the muteness'. Stoßen means 'to push, thrust, shove'."}],"words":[{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"uns","lemma":"wir","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"us"},{"surface":"nimmt","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stößt","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Stumme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Stumme","lemma":"Stumme","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"mute"},{"surface":"stößt","lemma":"stoßen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shoves"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s1-l3","source":"Als aber sie, nicht von ihm fortgerissen,","translation":"But when she, not torn away from him,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Als aber sie","title":"When, for one past event","body":"Als means 'when' for a single completed event in the past, unlike wenn for repeated or present 'when'. The clause's verb, hinüberglitt, is held back until the next stanza. Aber, 'but', is placed second rather than first, a common word order in German."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fortgerissen","title":"To tear away","body":"Fortgerissen is the past participle of fortreißen, 'to tear or snatch away', made from the separable prefix fort-, 'away', and reißen, 'to tear'. Nicht von ihm fortgerissen means 'not torn away from him', with von governing the dative ihm."}],"words":[{"surface":"Als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on hinüberglitt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Als","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hinüberglitt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on fortgerissen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortgerissen","gloss":"away from"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"fortgerissen","lemma":"fortreißen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"torn away"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s1-l4","source":"nein, leis aus seinen Augen ausgelöst,","translation":"no, gently loosed out of his eyes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ausgelöst","title":"Past participle of auslösen","body":"Ausgelöst is the past participle of auslösen, a separable verb from aus, 'out', and lösen, 'to loosen, to release'. Here it means she was loosed out of his eyes. Leis is a shortened form of leise, 'softly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"nein","lemma":"nein","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on ausgelöst","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"leis","lemma":"leis","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ausgelöst","gloss":"gently"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ausgelöst","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"seinen","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Augen","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Augen","lemma":"Auge","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"ausgelöst","lemma":"auslösen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"loosed"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s2-l1","source":"hinüberglitt zu unbekannten Schatten,","translation":"glided over to unknown shades,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hinüberglitt","title":"Preterite of a separable verb","body":"Hinüberglitt is the preterite of hinübergleiten, 'to glide across', from the separable prefix hinüber-, 'over to the other side', and the strong verb gleiten, 'to glide', past form glitt. It is the main verb of the als-clause begun two lines earlier."}],"words":[{"surface":"hinüberglitt","lemma":"hinübergleiten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"glided over"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hinüberglitt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"unbekannten","lemma":"unbekannt","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Schatten","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"Schatten","lemma":"Schatten","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"shades"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s2-l2","source":"und als er fühlte, daß sie drüben nun","translation":"and when he felt that over there she now","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"drüben","title":"Adverb for the far side","body":"Drüben means 'over there, on the other side'. It belongs to the daß-clause whose subject is sie, the shades. That clause's finite verb, hatten, is delayed to the end of the following two lines, as German puts a subordinate clause's verb last."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on fühlte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on fühlte","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fühlte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fühlte","lemma":"fühlen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of hatten","gloss":"they","note":"Grammatically plural, agreeing with 'hatten' — refers ahead to 'die Toten' (the dead); the translation smooths this to 'she' for readability."},{"surface":"drüben","lemma":"drüben","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"over there"},{"surface":"nun","lemma":"nun","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"now"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s2-l3","source":"wie einen Mond ihr Mädchenlächeln hatten","translation":"had her girlish smile, like a moon,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mädchenlächeln","title":"Compound noun for a smile","body":"Mädchenlächeln joins Mädchen, 'girl', and Lächeln, 'smile', to mean 'girlish smile'. Wie einen Mond, 'like a moon', is accusative because wie takes the case of the noun it compares. The subject of hatten, 'had', is the dead from the line above."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mond","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Mond","lemma":"Mond","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchenlächeln","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Mädchenlächeln","lemma":"Mädchenlächeln","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"girlish smile"},{"surface":"hatten","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s2-l4","source":"und ihre Weise wohlzutun:","translation":"and her way of doing good:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wohlzutun","title":"A zu-infinitive after Weise","body":"Wohltun means 'to do good, to be beneficial'. Wohlzutun is its zu-infinitive, with zu inserted between the prefix wohl- and the stem tun. It depends on Weise, 'way, manner': ihre Weise wohlzutun means 'her way of doing good'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ihre","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Weise","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Weise","lemma":"Weise","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"wohlzutun","lemma":"wohltun","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on Weise","gloss":"of doing good"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s3-l1","source":"da wurden ihm die Toten so bekannt,","translation":"then the dead grew so familiar to him,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"da wurden ihm","title":"Verb second after fronted da","body":"Da, 'then', is fronted at the start of the clause, so the finite verb wurden takes second position and the subject die Toten follows. Bekannt werden means 'to become familiar, known', and the person it becomes familiar to stands in the dative, ihm, 'to him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wurden","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"wurden","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wurden","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Toten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Toten","lemma":"Tote","morphology":"noun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wurden","gloss":"dead"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bekannt","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"bekannt","lemma":"bekannt","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on wurden","gloss":"familiar"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s3-l2","source":"als wäre er durch sie mit einem jeden","translation":"as if through her he were, with every one,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als wäre er","title":"Konjunktiv II after als","body":"Als wäre means 'as though he were'. Wäre is the past subjunctive, Konjunktiv II, of sein, 'to be', and after als in this sense the verb comes directly after it, before the subject er. Mit einem jeden means 'with each one', in the dative."}],"words":[{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"wäre","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on jeden","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"jeden","lemma":"jeder","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"every"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s3-l3","source":"ganz nah verwandt; er ließ die andern reden","translation":"quite closely related; he let the others talk","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ganz nah verwandt","title":"Adjective meaning related","body":"Verwandt means 'related, akin'; der Verwandte is 'a relative'. Ganz nah verwandt means 'quite closely related' and completes the als wäre clause begun two lines earlier. The semicolon then starts a new clause about the living."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"er ließ die andern reden","title":"Lassen with a bare infinitive","body":"Lassen, 'to let, to allow', takes a bare infinitive: er ließ die andern reden means 'he let the others talk'. Ließ is the preterite of lassen. Die andern, 'the others', is accusative, the people he permits to act."}],"words":[{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nah","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"nah","lemma":"nah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verwandt","gloss":"closely"},{"surface":"verwandt","lemma":"verwandt","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"related"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ließ","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"depends on andern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"andern","lemma":"anderer","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"others"},{"surface":"reden","lemma":"reden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"talk"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s4-l1","source":"und glaubte nicht und nannte jenes Land","translation":"and did not believe them, and called that land","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nannte jenes Land","title":"Nennen with two accusatives","body":"Nannte is the preterite of nennen, 'to name, to call something by a name'. Etwas X nennen takes two accusative objects, the thing and the name: jenes Land, 'that land', is the thing, and the next line supplies the name. Jener means 'that, yonder'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on glaubte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"glaubte","lemma":"glauben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"believed"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on glaubte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on glaubte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nannte","lemma":"nennen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"called"},{"surface":"jenes","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Land","lemma":"Land","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nannte","gloss":"land"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s4-l2","source":"das gutgelegene, das immersüße–.","translation":"the well-situated, the ever-sweet—.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das gutgelegene","title":"Compound adjective used as noun","body":"Gutgelegen combines gut, 'good', and gelegen, the participle of liegen, 'to lie, to be situated', so 'well-situated'. Das gutgelegene and das immersüße in this line both stand as nouns, taking the neuter article das, since they name jenes Land directly."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das immersüße","title":"A coined compound adjective","body":"Immersüß combines immer, 'always, ever', and süß, 'sweet', to form 'ever-sweet'. Like gutgelegene beside it, it is used as a noun with the neuter article das, and stands as one of two names given to jenes Land."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on gutgelegene","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gutgelegene","lemma":"gutgelegen","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"well-situated"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on immersüße–.","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"immersüße–.","lemma":"immersüß","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"ever-sweet"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"der-tod-der-geliebten-s4-l3","source":"Und tastete es ab für ihre Füße.","translation":"And he felt it out, all over, for her feet.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tastete es ab","title":"Separable verb split across the line","body":"Abtasten means 'to feel over, to probe a surface all across'. Its separable prefix ab- splits off and moves to the end of the clause: tastete es ab means 'felt it over'. Es is accusative, standing for jenes Land, and für ihre Füße, 'for her feet', takes für plus the accusative."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on tastete","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tastete","lemma":"tasten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on tastete","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ab","lemma":"ab","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on tastete","gloss":"all over","note":"Separable prefix of 'abtasten' (to feel/probe all over)."},{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tastete","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"ihre","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Füße","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Füße","lemma":"Fuß","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on für","gloss":"feet"}]}]}