{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"der-turm","title":{"source":"Der Turm","translated":"The Tower"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-turm","lines":23},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/spanische-taenzerin","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-platz","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"der-turm-s1-l1","source":"Erdinneres. Als wäre dort, wohin","translation":"Earth-interior. As though there, toward which","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Erdinneres","title":"A compound for earth's interior","body":"Erdinneres is a compound and nominalized adjective meaning 'the earth's interior', joining Erde, 'earth', with innere, 'inner'. It is nominative here, naming the place the sentence goes on to describe."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Als wäre","title":"An unreal clause, verb first","body":"als introduces an unreal comparison and moves the verb to the front when ob does not appear: Als wäre, 'as though there were'. wäre is the past subjunctive of sein, 'to be'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erdinneres","lemma":"Erdinneres","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"earth's interior"},{"surface":"Als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"wäre","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"dort","lemma":"dort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"wohin","lemma":"wohin","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on steigst","gloss":"toward which"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"der-turm-s1-l2","source":"du blindlings steigst, erst Erdenoberfläche,","translation":"you blindly climb, the earth's surface waits,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"blindlings","title":"The suffix -lings","body":"blindlings is an adverb meaning 'blindly', built with the suffix -lings that also appears in words like rücklings, 'backward'. du blindlings steigst means 'you climb blindly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on steigst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"blindlings","lemma":"blindlings","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on steigst","gloss":"blindly"},{"surface":"steigst","lemma":"steigen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"climb"},{"surface":"erst","lemma":"erst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Erdenoberfläche","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Erdenoberfläche","lemma":"Erdenoberfläche","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"earth's surface"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"der-turm-s1-l3","source":"zu der du steigst im schrägen Bett der Bäche,","translation":"to which you climb in the slanting bed of streams,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zu der","title":"A preposition plus relative pronoun","body":"zu der combines the preposition zu, 'to', with the relative pronoun der, 'which', dative feminine, referring back to Erdenoberfläche, 'the earth's surface'. It sends du steigst, 'you climb', into a relative clause describing the surface."}],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on steigst","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on steigst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"steigst","lemma":"steigen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"climb"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on steigst","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"schrägen","lemma":"schräg","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Bett","gloss":"slanting"},{"surface":"Bett","lemma":"Bett","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Bäche","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Bäche","lemma":"Bach","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Bett","gloss":"streams"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"der-turm-s1-l4","source":"die langsam aus dem suchenden Gerinn","translation":"that slowly out of the searching channel","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gerinn","title":"A rare noun for a channel","body":"das Gerinn is a rare, poetic noun for 'a channel' or 'trickle of water', related to rinnen, 'to run' or 'trickle'. dem suchenden Gerinn, 'the searching channel', is dative after aus, 'out of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on entsprungen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"langsam","lemma":"langsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on entsprungen","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on entsprungen","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gerinn","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"suchenden","lemma":"suchend","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gerinn","gloss":"searching"},{"surface":"Gerinn","lemma":"Gerinn","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"channel"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"der-turm-s2-l1","source":"der Dunkelheit entsprungen sind, durch die","translation":"of darkness have sprung, through which","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"entsprungen sind","title":"entspringen, to spring from","body":"entspringen means 'to spring' or 'arise from' a source, and forms its perfect tense with sein rather than haben: sind entsprungen, 'have sprung'. der Dunkelheit, genitive here, names 'the darkness' as that source."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Dunkelheit","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Dunkelheit","lemma":"Dunkelheit","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gerinn","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"entsprungen","lemma":"entspringen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"sprung"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"which"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"der-turm-s2-l2","source":"sich dein Gesicht, wie auferstehend, drängt","translation":"your face, as if resurrecting, presses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich … drängt","title":"drängt with a reflexive object","body":"sich drängen means 'to press forward' or 'push oneself'. sich dein Gesicht … drängt places the reflexive sich early, and the subject dein Gesicht, 'your face', and the verb drängt, 'presses', at the end of the clause."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"auferstehend","title":"A participle for rising again","body":"auferstehend is the present participle of auferstehen, 'to rise again' or 'resurrect', used here adverbially. wie auferstehend describes the manner in which the face presses forward, 'as though rising'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"dein","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gesicht","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Gesicht","lemma":"Gesicht","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on auferstehend","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"auferstehend","lemma":"auferstehend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"resurrecting"},{"surface":"drängt","lemma":"drängen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"presses"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"der-turm-s2-l3","source":"und die du plötzlich siehst, als fiele sie","translation":"and which you suddenly see, as though it fell","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als fiele sie","title":"An unreal clause with fallen","body":"als introduces an unreal comparison and moves the verb to the front: als fiele sie, 'as though it fell'. fiele is the past subjunctive of fallen, 'to fall'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"siehst","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on fiele","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"fiele","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the als-clause","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on fiele","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"der-turm-s2-l4","source":"aus diesem Abgrund, der dich überhängt","translation":"out of this abyss that overhangs you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Abgrund","title":"der Abgrund, an abyss","body":"der Abgrund means 'abyss' or 'chasm', literally the ground's absence. diesem Abgrund is dative after aus, 'out of', naming the place something emerges from."}],"words":[{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fiele","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"diesem","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Abgrund","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Abgrund","lemma":"Abgrund","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"abyss"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on überhängt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dich","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on überhängt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"überhängt","lemma":"überhängen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"overhangs"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"der-turm-s3-l1","source":"und den du, wie er riesig über dir","translation":"and which you, as it hugely above you","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erkennst","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on erkennst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on umstürzt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on umstürzt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"riesig","lemma":"riesig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on umstürzt","gloss":"hugely"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on riesig","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"dir","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"you"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"der-turm-s3-l2","source":"sich umstürzt in dem dämmernden Gestühle,","translation":"topples over in the dusking framework of beams,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sich umstürzt","title":"sich umstürzen, to topple","body":"sich umstürzen means 'to topple over' or 'collapse'. umstürzt is its third-person present, agreeing with an implied subject continuing from the earlier line."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gestühle","title":"Gestühl, a framework","body":"das Gestühl usually means 'a set of seats or pews', but here it names 'a framework of wooden beams', using the collective ge- prefix pattern seen in words like Gebälk. dem dämmernden Gestühle takes the older dative ending -e after in."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on umstürzt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"umstürzt","lemma":"umstürzen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"topples"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on umstürzt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gestühle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dämmernden","lemma":"dämmernd","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gestühle","gloss":"dusking"},{"surface":"Gestühle","lemma":"Gestühl","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"framework of beams"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"der-turm-s3-l3","source":"erkennst, erschreckt und fürchtend, im Gefühle:","translation":"recognize, terrified and fearing, in the feeling:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"erschreckt und fürchtend","title":"Participle plus present participle","body":"erschreckt, 'terrified', is the past participle of erschrecken, 'to frighten', used adjectivally, and fürchtend, 'fearing', is the present participle of fürchten, 'to fear'. Both describe the state of the person who erkennst, 'recognizes'."}],"words":[{"surface":"erkennst","lemma":"erkennen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"recognize"},{"surface":"erschreckt","lemma":"erschrecken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on erkennst","gloss":"terrified"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on erschreckt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fürchtend","lemma":"fürchtend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"fearing"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on erkennst","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Gefühle","lemma":"Gefühl","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"feeling"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"der-turm-s3-l4","source":"o wenn er steigt, behängen wie ein Stier–:","translation":"oh when it rises, draped over like a bull—:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"behängen","title":"A participle for draped or hung","body":"behängen is the past participle of behängen, 'to hang something over' or 'drape', used adjectively here to mean 'draped, hung with something'. wie ein Stier, 'like a bull', gives the comparison for how it is draped."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"–:","title":"Dash and colon together","body":"This punctuation combines a dash and a colon, a mark Rilke uses to hold a thought open before it resolves into what follows. It reads as longer than a comma but still forward-looking, unlike a full stop."}],"words":[{"surface":"o","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"steigt","lemma":"steigen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the wenn-clause","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"behängen","lemma":"behängen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on er","gloss":"draped"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Stier–","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Stier–","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Stier–","lemma":"Stier","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"bull"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"der-turm-s4-l1","source":"Da aber nimmt dich aus der engen Endung","translation":"But then a windy light takes you out of the narrow","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Da aber nimmt","title":"Da aber, but then","body":"Da here is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that point', not the conjunction 'since'. aber, 'but', follows it to mark contrast. nimmt dich aus der engen Endung means 'takes you out of the narrow ending'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"nimmt","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"takes"},{"surface":"dich","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Endung","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"engen","lemma":"eng","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Endung","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"Endung","lemma":"Endung","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"ending"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"der-turm-s4-l2","source":"windiges Licht. Fast fliegend siehst du hier","translation":"ending; windy light. Almost flying, you see here","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"windiges","lemma":"windig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Licht","gloss":"windy"},{"surface":"Licht","lemma":"Licht","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of nimmt","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"Fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fliegend","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"fliegend","lemma":"fliegend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"flying"},{"surface":"siehst","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"der-turm-s4-l3","source":"die Himmel wieder, Blendung über Blendung,","translation":"the heavens again, dazzlement over dazzlement,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Blendung","title":"A noun for dazzlement","body":"die Blendung is a noun formed from blenden, 'to dazzle' or 'blind', meaning 'the state of being dazzled'. Blendung über Blendung, 'dazzlement over dazzlement', repeats the noun for emphasis."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Himmel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Himmel","lemma":"Himmel","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"heavens"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Himmel","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"Blendung","lemma":"Blendung","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"dazzlement"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Blendung","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Blendung","lemma":"Blendung","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"dazzlement"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"der-turm-s4-l4","source":"und dort die Tiefen, wach und voll Verwendung,","translation":"and there the depths, awake and full of use,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Verwendung","title":"A noun for use or application","body":"die Verwendung means 'use' or 'application', from verwenden, 'to use' or 'employ'. voll Verwendung, 'full of use', takes the genitive Verwendung after voll, 'full of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dort","lemma":"dort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Tiefen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Tiefen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tiefen","lemma":"Tiefe","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"wach","lemma":"wach","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Tiefen","gloss":"awake"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wach","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voll","lemma":"voll","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"full of"},{"surface":"Verwendung","lemma":"Verwendung","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"use"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"der-turm-s5-l1","source":"und kleine Tage wie bei Patenier,","translation":"and little days as in Patinir,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kleine","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Tage","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Tage","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on siehst","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bei","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"bei","lemma":"bei","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Patenier","lemma":"Patenier","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bei","gloss":"Patinir","note":"Joachim Patinir (c.1480–1524), Flemish landscape painter known for vast, jewel-like distances."}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"der-turm-s5-l2","source":"gleichzeitige, mit Stunde neben Stunde,","translation":"simultaneous ones, with hour beside hour,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gleichzeitige","title":"An adjective used as a noun","body":"gleichzeitige is the adjective gleichzeitig, 'simultaneous', used here as a plural noun through its ending, meaning 'simultaneous ones'. It continues a list of things named in the sentence before it."}],"words":[{"surface":"gleichzeitige","lemma":"gleichzeitig","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Tage","gloss":"simultaneous"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gleichzeitige","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Stunde","lemma":"Stunde","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"hour"},{"surface":"neben","lemma":"neben","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Stunde","gloss":"beside"},{"surface":"Stunde","lemma":"Stunde","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on neben","gloss":"hour"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"der-turm-s5-l3","source":"durch die die Brücken springen wie die Hunde,","translation":"through which the bridges leap like dogs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"durch die die","title":"Two forms of die in a row","body":"The first die is the relative pronoun 'which', accusative plural, referring back to an earlier noun. The second die is the definite article 'the', nominative plural, belonging to Brücken, 'bridges', the subject of springen."}],"words":[{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on springen","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Brücken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Brücken","lemma":"Brücke","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on springen","gloss":"bridges"},{"surface":"springen","lemma":"springen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"leap"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Hunde","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Hunde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hunde","lemma":"Hund","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"dogs"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"der-turm-s5-l4","source":"dem hellen Wege immer auf der Spur,","translation":"always on the trail of the bright road,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"auf der Spur","title":"A fixed phrase for on the trail","body":"auf der Spur is a fixed phrase meaning 'on the trail' or 'track of' something, taking the dative after auf here because it describes a fixed position, not motion toward. dem hellen Wege, 'the bright road', is the dative object this phrase depends on."}],"words":[{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wege","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hellen","lemma":"hell","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wege","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"Wege","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Spur","gloss":"road"},{"surface":"immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Spur","gloss":"always"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on springen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Spur","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Spur","lemma":"Spur","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"trail"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"der-turm-s5-l5","source":"den unbeholfne Häuser manchmal nur","translation":"which clumsy houses only now and then","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unbeholfne","title":"unbeholfen, clumsy","body":"unbeholfen means 'clumsy' or 'awkward', built from the negating prefix un- and beholfen, 'resourceful'. unbeholfne is a shortened poetic form, dropping the expected -e before the ending, describing die Häuser, 'the houses'."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on verbergen","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"unbeholfne","lemma":"unbeholfen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Häuser","gloss":"clumsy"},{"surface":"Häuser","lemma":"Haus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on verbergen","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"manchmal","lemma":"manchmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verbergen","gloss":"now and then"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on manchmal","gloss":"only"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"der-turm-s5-l6","source":"verbergen, bis er ganz im Hintergründe","translation":"hide, until far off in the background it","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s5-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verbergen","title":"A verb for hiding","body":"verbergen means 'to hide' or 'conceal', formed from bergen, 'to shelter', with the prefix ver-. Here it is third-person plural, agreeing with an implied subject continuing from the line before, likely die Häuser, 'the houses'."}],"words":[{"surface":"verbergen","lemma":"verbergen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"entirely"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Hintergründe","lemma":"Hintergrund","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"background"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"der-turm-s5-l7","source":"beruhigt geht durch Buschwerk und Natur.","translation":"goes on calmed through thicket and open country.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/der-turm-s5-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"beruhigt","title":"A participle used as an adverb","body":"beruhigt is the past participle of beruhigen, 'to calm', used here adverbially rather than as part of a passive verb. It describes the manner of geht, 'goes', meaning 'goes on calmed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"beruhigt","lemma":"beruhigen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"calmed"},{"surface":"geht","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"Buschwerk","lemma":"Buschwerk","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"thicket"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Buschwerk","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Natur","lemma":"Natur","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"open country"}]}]}