{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"die-entfuehrung","title":{"source":"Die Entführung","translated":"The Abduction"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-entfuehrung","lines":19},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-pavillon","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/rosa-hortensie","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"die-entfuehrung-s1-l1","source":"Oft war sie als Kind ihren Dienerinnen","translation":"Often, as a child, she had slipped away","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Dienerinnen","title":"Dative object of a later verb","body":"Dienerinnen is the dative plural of die Dienerin, 'maidservant', the feminine of der Diener, 'servant'. The dative is governed by entwichen on the next line, since jemandem entweichen means 'to escape from someone'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Oft","lemma":"oft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"often"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Kind","lemma":"Kind","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ihren","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Dienerinnen","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Dienerinnen","lemma":"Dienerin","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on entwichen (next line)","gloss":"maidservants"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"die-entfuehrung-s1-l2","source":"entwichen, um die Nacht und den Wind","translation":"from her maidservants, to see the night and the wind","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"entwichen","title":"Participle far from its auxiliary","body":"entweichen, 'to escape, slip away', is a strong verb conjugated with sein: war ... entwichen is the pluperfect, 'had escaped'. The participle is held far from its auxiliary war in line 1, a long suspension typical of Rilke."}],"words":[{"surface":"entwichen","lemma":"entweichen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"past participle completing war (previous line)","gloss":"slipped away"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on entwichen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on sehn (next line)","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on sehn (next line)","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wind","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wind","lemma":"Wind","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"wind"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"die-entfuehrung-s1-l3","source":"(weil sie drinnen so anders sind)","translation":"(because indoors they are so different)","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"weil … sind","title":"Weil sends the verb to the end","body":"weil, 'because', is a subordinating conjunction, so the finite verb sind moves to the clause's end: weil sie drinnen so anders sind. drinnen means 'inside, indoors', where the night and wind are tamed once brought within the walls."}],"words":[{"surface":"weil","lemma":"weil","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"drinnen","lemma":"drinnen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"indoors"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on anders","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"anders","lemma":"anders","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"different"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the parenthetical clause","gloss":"are"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"die-entfuehrung-s1-l4","source":"draußen zu sehn an ihrem Beginnen;","translation":"out where they begin to stir;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"an ihrem Beginnen","title":"Infinitive used as a noun","body":"das Beginnen is the verb beginnen, 'to begin', used as a noun, 'the beginning, the setting-out'. an ihrem Beginnen means roughly 'at their first stirring'. draußen, 'outside', answers drinnen from the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"draußen","lemma":"draußen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sehn","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sehn","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sehn","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on entwichen (s1-l2)","gloss":"see"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sehn","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"ihrem","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Beginnen","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Beginnen","lemma":"Beginnen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"beginning"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"die-entfuehrung-s2-l1","source":"doch keine Sturmnacht hatte gewiß","translation":"yet surely no night of storm had ever","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Sturmnacht","title":"Compound noun, storm plus night","body":"Sturmnacht compounds Sturm, 'storm', and Nacht, 'night', giving 'stormy night'. German builds such nouns freely, and the gender follows the final element, so die Sturmnacht. gewiß, now spelled gewiss, means 'surely, certainly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"keine","lemma":"kein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Sturmnacht","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Sturmnacht","lemma":"Sturmnacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"night of storm"},{"surface":"hatte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"gewiß","lemma":"gewiß","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"surely"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"die-entfuehrung-s2-l2","source":"den riesigen Park so in Stücke gerissen,","translation":"torn the vast park so to pieces","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hatte … gerissen","title":"Pluperfect, past participle","body":"gerissen is the past participle of the strong verb reißen, 'to tear, rip', completing hatte ... gerissen, the pluperfect begun in the line before. in Stücke reißen is the idiom 'to tear to pieces'."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Park","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"riesigen","lemma":"riesig","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Park","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"Park","lemma":"Park","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on gerissen","gloss":"park"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gerissen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gerissen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Stücke","lemma":"Stück","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"pieces"},{"surface":"gerissen","lemma":"reißen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"torn"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"die-entfuehrung-s2-l3","source":"wie ihn jetzt ihr Gewissen zerriß,","translation":"as her conscience now tore it apart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gewissen","title":"Conscience, echoing an earlier word","body":"das Gewissen is 'the conscience'. Rilke sets it against gewiß, 'surely', two lines above, and against zerriß, the past of zerreißen, 'to tear apart': the storm tore the park, her conscience tears her."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on zerriß","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zerriß","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zerriß","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gewissen","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Gewissen","lemma":"Gewissen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zerriß","gloss":"conscience"},{"surface":"zerriß","lemma":"zerreißen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tore apart"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"die-entfuehrung-s3-l1","source":"da er sie nahm von der seidenen Leiter","translation":"when he took her down from the silken ladder","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der seidenen Leiter","title":"Weak adjective ending after von der","body":"von takes the dative; die Leiter, 'ladder', is feminine, so the dative gives der seidenen Leiter, with the weak adjective ending -en following the article. seiden means 'silken'; da here is temporal, 'when'."}],"words":[{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"nahm","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nahm","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Leiter","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"seidenen","lemma":"seiden","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Leiter","gloss":"silken"},{"surface":"Leiter","lemma":"Leiter","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"ladder"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"die-entfuehrung-s3-l2","source":"und sie weitertrug, weiter, weiter:","translation":"and carried her onward, onward, onward:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"weitertrug","title":"Separable verb stays whole","body":"weitertragen, 'to carry on, carry farther', is separable, weiter- plus tragen. In this subordinate clause introduced by da the verb stays whole and final, sie weitertrug, 'carried her onward'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on weitertrug","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on weitertrug","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"weitertrug","lemma":"weitertragen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried onward"},{"surface":"weiter","lemma":"weiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on weitertrug","gloss":"onward"},{"surface":"weiter","lemma":"weiter","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on weitertrug","gloss":"onward"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"die-entfuehrung-s4-l1","source":"bis der Wagen alles war.","translation":"until the carriage was everything.","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Wagen","title":"The word for carriage","body":"der Wagen here is the horse-drawn carriage waiting for the elopement, not the modern sense 'car'. Isolated as a single short line, it marks the threshold where nothing remains but the moving coach, alles, 'everything'."}],"words":[{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wagen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wagen","lemma":"Wagen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"carriage"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"die-entfuehrung-s5-l1","source":"Und sie roch ihn, den schwarzen Wagen,","translation":"And she smelled it, the black carriage,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"roch","title":"Past tense, and apposition","body":"roch is the simple past of riechen, 'to smell'. ihn, den schwarzen Wagen places a pronoun and its noun in apposition, both accusative since der Wagen is masculine: 'it, the black carriage'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on roch","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on roch","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"roch","lemma":"riechen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"smelled"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on roch","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wagen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"schwarzen","lemma":"schwarz","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wagen","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"Wagen","lemma":"Wagen","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on roch","gloss":"carriage"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"die-entfuehrung-s5-l2","source":"um den verhalten das Jagen stand","translation":"around which, held in check, the hunt stood waiting","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verhalten","title":"Held in check, restrained","body":"verhalten as an adjective means 'restrained, held in check, suppressed', describing das Jagen, 'the hunt', pressing in around the carriage but reined in. um den, 'around which', points back to den Wagen."}],"words":[{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"verhalten","lemma":"verhalten","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on Jagen","gloss":"restrained","note":"Predicate adjective describing 'das Jagen', displaced before it by word order: 'the hunt, held in check, stood.'"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Jagen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Jagen","lemma":"Jagen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"hunt"},{"surface":"stand","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"die-entfuehrung-s5-l3","source":"und die Gefahr.","translation":"and the danger.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gefahr","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gefahr","lemma":"Gefahr","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"danger"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"die-entfuehrung-s5-l4","source":"Und sie fand ihn mit Kaltem ausgeschlagen;","translation":"And she found it lined with something cold;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"mit Kaltem ausgeschlagen","title":"To line, and a nominalized adjective","body":"etwas mit ... ausschlagen means 'to line, upholster something with', and ausgeschlagen is the past participle of the separable ausschlagen. Kaltem is the adjective kalt used as a neuter noun in the dative after mit, 'something cold'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on fand","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on fand","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"fand","lemma":"finden","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"found"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fand","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ausgeschlagen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Kaltem","lemma":"kalt","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular, nominalized","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"something cold"},{"surface":"ausgeschlagen","lemma":"ausschlagen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on fand","gloss":"lined"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"die-entfuehrung-s5-l5","source":"und das Schwarze und Kalte war auch in ihr.","translation":"and the black and the cold were in her too.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"das Schwarze und Kalte","title":"Adjectives turned into nouns","body":"das Schwarze and Kalte are adjectives made into neuter nouns, 'the black' and 'the cold', as abstractions. The single verb war stays singular even though it answers both nouns, fusing them into one quality now in ihr, 'inside her'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Schwarze","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schwarze","lemma":"schwarz","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular, nominalized","role":"depends on war","gloss":"black"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Schwarze","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Kalte","lemma":"kalt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular, nominalized","role":"depends on und","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"die-entfuehrung-s5-l6","source":"Sie kroch in ihren Mantelkragen","translation":"She crept down into her coat collar","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s5-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kroch … in","title":"To creep, plus a compound noun","body":"kroch is the simple past of kriechen, 'to crawl, creep'; with in plus the accusative it expresses motion into a place. der Mantelkragen compounds Mantel, 'coat', and Kragen, 'collar'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on kroch","gloss":"She"},{"surface":"kroch","lemma":"kriechen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crept"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kroch","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ihren","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mantelkragen","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Mantelkragen","lemma":"Mantelkragen","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"coat collar"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"die-entfuehrung-s5-l7","source":"und befühlte ihr Haar, als bliebe es hier,","translation":"and felt for her hair, as if it would stay here,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s5-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als bliebe es hier","title":"Als plus subjunctive, unreal comparison","body":"als, 'as though', with the subjunctive II bliebe, from bleiben, 'to stay', marks an unreal comparison: 'as though it would stay here'. The word order inverts after als, with the verb coming right after it."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on befühlte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"befühlte","lemma":"befühlen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt for"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Haar","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Haar","lemma":"Haar","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on befühlte","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on bliebe","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"bliebe","lemma":"bleiben","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"depends on befühlte","gloss":"would stay"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on bliebe","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"hier","lemma":"hier","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bliebe","gloss":"here"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"die-entfuehrung-s5-l8","source":"und hörte fremd einen Fremden sagen:","translation":"and heard, as a stranger, a stranger say:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s5-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fremd einen Fremden","title":"Same word, adverb and noun","body":"fremd, 'strange, foreign, estranged', appears twice: first as an adverb coloring how she hears, then in einen Fremden, 'a stranger', a nominalized adjective in the masculine accusative. The doubling makes listener and speaker both strangers."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hörte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hörte","lemma":"hören","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"fremd","lemma":"fremd","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hörte","gloss":"as a stranger"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Fremden","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Fremden","lemma":"Fremde","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular, nominalized","role":"depends on sagen","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"sagen","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on hörte","gloss":"say"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"die-entfuehrung-s5-l9","source":"Ichbinbeidir.","translation":"Iamwithyou.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-entfuehrung-s5-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ichbinbeidir","title":"Three words run together","body":"Ich bin bei dir, 'I am with you', is printed with no spaces between the words; bei takes the dative, giving bei dir. Rilke fuses the reassurance into one breathless, unbroken utterance."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ichbinbeidir","lemma":"Ich bin bei dir","morphology":"fused clause (pronoun + verb + preposition + pronoun)","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"I am with you","note":"Rilke runs 'Ich bin bei dir' (I am with you) together as one unbroken word, mirroring the translation's 'Iamwithyou.'"}]}]}