{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"die-genesende","title":{"source":"Die Genesende","translated":"The Convalescent Woman"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-genesende","lines":13},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/ein-frauenschicksal","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-erwachsene","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"die-genesende-s1-l1","source":"Wie ein Singen kommt und geht in Gassen","translation":"As a singing comes and goes in the lanes","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gassen","title":"die Gasse, plural Gassen","body":"die Gasse is a narrow street, alley, or lane, smaller than die Straße. Gassen here is dative plural after in, marking location. The -n is the regular plural ending, not an added dative marker."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"As"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Singen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Singen","lemma":"singen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"singing"},{"surface":"kommt","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"geht","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gassen","lemma":"Gasse","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"lanes"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"die-genesende-s1-l2","source":"und sich nähert und sich wieder scheut,","translation":"and draws near and shies away again,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich scheut","title":"Two reflexive verbs, sich nähern and sich scheuen","body":"Both verbs in this line are reflexive. sich nähern means 'to approach, draw near'. sich scheuen means 'to shy away, be wary, take fright'. Each takes sich as its reflexive pronoun and forms the whole meaning of the verb, not just an added object."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on nähert","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on nähert","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"nähert","lemma":"nähern","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"draws near"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on nähert","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on scheut","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on scheut","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"scheut","lemma":"scheuen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"shies away"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"die-genesende-s1-l3","source":"flügelschlagend, manchmal fast zu fassen","translation":"beating its wings, at times almost to be grasped,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"flügelschlagend","title":"A compound present participle","body":"flügelschlagend is coined from der Flügel, 'wing', plus schlagen, 'to beat', formed as a present participle: 'wing-beating, beating its wings'. German compounds a noun directly onto a verb stem this way to form a single adjective or adverb."}],"words":[{"surface":"flügelschlagend","lemma":"flügelschlagend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Singen","gloss":"wing-beating","note":"A Rilke compound (\"Flügel\" wing + \"schlagend\" beating) describing the singing as if it were a bird."},{"surface":"manchmal","lemma":"manchmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fassen","gloss":"at times"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fassen","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on fassen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"fassen","lemma":"fassen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"be grasped"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"die-genesende-s1-l4","source":"und dann wieder weit hinausgestreut:","translation":"and then again scattered far out:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hinausgestreut","title":"Past participle of hinausstreuen","body":"hinausstreuen means 'to scatter, strew outward', built from streuen, 'to strew, sprinkle', with the directional prefix hinaus-, 'out, away from here'. The past participle hinausgestreut, 'scattered outward', functions adjectivally here, alongside flügelschlagend, both describing das Singen from the first line."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hinausgestreut","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hinausgestreut","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hinausgestreut","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"weit","lemma":"weit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hinausgestreut","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"hinausgestreut","lemma":"hinausstreuen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on Singen","gloss":"scattered out","note":"Past participle (from hinausstreuen), paired with \"flügelschlagend\" — both describe the \"Singen\" from the opening line, not a separate finite verb."}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"die-genesende-s2-l1","source":"spielt mit der Genesenden das Leben;","translation":"so plays with the convalescent woman life itself;","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"spielt … das Leben","title":"Delayed subject das Leben","body":"The grammatical subject of this sentence is das Leben, 'life', held back to the very end of the line; spielt, 'plays', is the finite verb. mit der Genesenden is dative after mit. die Genesende is an adjectival noun from genesen, 'to recover, convalesce': 'the convalescing woman'."}],"words":[{"surface":"spielt","lemma":"spielen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"plays"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on spielt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Genesenden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Genesenden","lemma":"genesend","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"convalescent woman"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of spielt","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"die-genesende-s2-l2","source":"während sie, geschwächt und ausgeruht,","translation":"while she, weakened and rested,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"während","title":"Subordinating while","body":"während means 'while', introducing a subordinate clause. It sends the finite verb to the end of its clause: sie... ist, understood, comes after geschwächt und ausgeruht, 'weakened and rested', which are past participles describing sie."}],"words":[{"surface":"während","lemma":"während","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on tut","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on geschwächt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"geschwächt","lemma":"schwächen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"weakened"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on geschwächt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ausgeruht","lemma":"ausruhen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on und","gloss":"rested"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"die-genesende-s2-l3","source":"unbeholfen, um sich hinzugeben,","translation":"awkwardly, in order to give herself over,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um sich hinzugeben","title":"um... zu, 'in order to'","body":"um... zu plus an infinitive expresses purpose, 'in order to'. Here the clause is split by hin-: um sich hinzugeben means 'in order to give herself over'. The infinitive particle zu is inserted between the separable prefix hin- and the verb geben."}],"words":[{"surface":"unbeholfen","lemma":"unbeholfen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tut","gloss":"awkwardly"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on hinzugeben","gloss":"in order"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on hinzugeben","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"hinzugeben","lemma":"hingeben","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on um","gloss":"give over"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"die-genesende-s2-l4","source":"eine ungewohnte Geste tut.","translation":"makes an unaccustomed gesture.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ungewohnte","title":"Unaccustomed, out of habit","body":"ungewohnt means 'unaccustomed, unfamiliar', from gewohnt, 'accustomed', with the negating prefix un-. ungewohnte here is the accusative feminine singular form agreeing with Geste, 'gesture', the object of tut, 'makes'."}],"words":[{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Geste","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"ungewohnte","lemma":"ungewohnt","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Geste","gloss":"unaccustomed"},{"surface":"Geste","lemma":"Geste","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on tut","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"tut","lemma":"tun","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"makes"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"die-genesende-s3-l1","source":"Und sie fühlt sich beinah wie Verführung,","translation":"And she feels herself almost like a seduction,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Verführung","title":"The noun for seduction","body":"die Verführung means 'seduction, temptation', from verführen, 'to seduce, lead astray'. Here it is the object of wie after fühlt sich, 'feels herself': sie fühlt sich... wie Verführung means 'she feels herself... like a seduction'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on fühlt","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on fühlt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"fühlt","lemma":"fühlen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"feels"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on fühlt","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"beinah","lemma":"beinah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fühlt","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Verführung","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Verführung","lemma":"Verführung","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on fühlt","gloss":"seduction"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"die-genesende-s3-l2","source":"wenn die hartgewordne Hand, darin","translation":"when the hardened hand, within which","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hartgewordne","title":"A shortened compound past participle","body":"hartgewordne is a shortened form of hartgewordene, from hart, 'hard', plus geworden, the past participle of werden, 'to become'. As a compound adjective it means 'grown hard, hardened', here modifying Hand, 'hand', in the nominative feminine singular."}],"words":[{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"hartgewordne","lemma":"hartgeworden","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"hardened"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of kommt","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"darin","lemma":"darin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"within which","note":"\"darin\" is a relative adverb (\"in it/within which\") referring back to \"Hand\"; the clause it heads (\"darin Fieber waren voller Widersinn\") is a parenthetical aside inside the larger \"wenn ... kommt\" sentence."}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"die-genesende-s3-l3","source":"Fieber waren voller Widersinn,","translation":"fevers were, full of contradiction,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Widersinn","title":"A noun for contradiction","body":"der Widersinn means 'contradiction, absurdity, nonsense', from wider-, 'against', plus Sinn, 'sense'. voller Widersinn means 'full of contradiction', with voller taking the genitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fieber","lemma":"Fieber","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of waren","gloss":"fevers"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"voller","lemma":"voll","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"full of"},{"surface":"Widersinn","lemma":"Widersinn","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on voller","gloss":"contradiction"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"die-genesende-s3-l4","source":"fernher, wie mit blühender Berührung,","translation":"from far off, as with a blossoming touch,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"fernher","title":"From far away","body":"fernher means 'from far off, from a distance', built from fern, 'far', plus the directional -her, 'hither, toward here'. It modifies the verb kommen, 'comes', two lines later: the touch comes fernher, from far away."}],"words":[{"surface":"fernher","lemma":"fernher","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"from far off"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"blühender","lemma":"blühend","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Berührung","gloss":"blossoming"},{"surface":"Berührung","lemma":"Berührung","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"touch"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"die-genesende-s3-l5","source":"zu liebkosen kommt ihr hartes Kinn.","translation":"comes to caress her hard chin.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-genesende-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zu liebkosen kommt","title":"kommen zu plus infinitive","body":"liebkosen means 'to caress, fondle'. kommen zu plus an infinitive expresses an action gradually arriving: zu liebkosen kommt means '[it] comes to caress'. The subject, ihr hartes Kinn, 'her hard chin', follows the verb at the end of the line."}],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on liebkosen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"liebkosen","lemma":"liebkosen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"caress"},{"surface":"kommt","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Kinn","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"hartes","lemma":"hart","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Kinn","gloss":"hard"},{"surface":"Kinn","lemma":"Kinn","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on liebkosen","gloss":"chin"}]}]}