{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"die-insel","title":{"source":"Die Insel","translated":"The Island"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-insel","lines":40},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-marienprozession","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/hetaerengraeber","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"die-insel-s1-l1","source":"Die nächste Flut verwischt den Weg im Watt,","translation":"The next tide blurs the path across the flats,","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Watt","title":"The tidal mudflats","body":"das Watt is the mudflat of the North Sea coast, bare at low tide and covered again at high tide. der Weg im Watt is a path that exists only between tides. verwischen means 'to blur, to wipe away'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Flut","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"nächste","lemma":"nächster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Flut","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Flut","lemma":"Flut","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on verwischt","gloss":"tide"},{"surface":"verwischt","lemma":"verwischen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"blurs"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weg","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Weg","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on verwischt","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Weg","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Watt","lemma":"Watt","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"flats","note":"Watt: the tidal mudflats of the North Sea coast."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"die-insel-s1-l2","source":"und alles wird auf allen Seiten gleich;","translation":"and on every side all things become the same;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"becomes"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"allen","lemma":"aller","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Seiten","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Seiten","lemma":"Seite","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"side"},{"surface":"gleich","lemma":"gleich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"the same"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"die-insel-s1-l3","source":"die kleine Insel draußen aber hat","translation":"but the little island out there has","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aber","title":"Contrast word placed mid clause","body":"aber, 'but', need not stand first in its clause. Here it follows the subject, die kleine Insel draußen aber, and still marks the whole clause as a contrast. The finite verb hat keeps second position, its object die Augen following next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Insel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kleine","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Insel","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Insel","lemma":"Insel","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"draußen","lemma":"draußen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Insel","gloss":"out there"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"hat","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has","note":"Part of the separable verb zuhaben ('to be shut'), completed by zu in the next line: 'hat ... zu' = 'has shut.'"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"die-insel-s1-l4","source":"die Augen zu; verwirrend kreist der Deich","translation":"its eyes shut; bewilderingly the dyke wheels round","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die Augen zu","title":"Separable verb split by line break","body":"die Augen zuhaben means 'to have one's eyes shut'. The separable verb splits: hat stands in the line above and its prefix zu lands here, so together hat die Augen zu means 'has its eyes shut'. verwirrend, 'bewilderingly', modifies kreist, 'wheels'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Augen","gloss":"the","note":"German uses the definite article with body parts where English uses a possessive: 'die Augen' = 'its eyes.'"},{"surface":"Augen","lemma":"Auge","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on hat (previous line, die-insel-s1-l3)","gloss":"eyes"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle (separable verb prefix)","role":"depends on hat (previous line); completes the separable verb zuhaben, 'to be shut'","gloss":"shut"},{"surface":"verwirrend","lemma":"verwirrend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kreist","gloss":"bewilderingly"},{"surface":"kreist","lemma":"kreisen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wheels round"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Deich","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Deich","lemma":"Deich","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kreist","gloss":"dyke"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"die-insel-s2-l1","source":"um ihre Wohner, die in einen Schlaf","translation":"around its dwellers, who into a sleep","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kreist … um","title":"Verb completed across the stanza","body":"The stanza break does not end the sentence: kreist der Deich um ihre Wohner means 'the dyke wheels around its dwellers'. um plus accusative, 'around', governs ihre Wohner, and in einen Schlaf is also accusative, marking motion into."}],"words":[{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kreist (die-insel-s1-l4)","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"ihre","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Wohner","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Wohner","lemma":"Wohner","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on um","gloss":"dwellers","note":"Wohner is a poetic shortening of Bewohner ('inhabitant, dweller')."},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of geboren werden (die-insel-s2-l2)","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on geboren werden (die-insel-s2-l2)","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schlaf","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Schlaf","lemma":"Schlaf","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"sleep"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"die-insel-s2-l2","source":"geboren werden, drin sie viele Welten","translation":"are born, wherein they many worlds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"drin","title":"A short form of darin","body":"drin is a clipped form of darin, 'in it, therein', here meaning 'within which'. It points back to Schlaf, the sleep they are born into, and opens a subordinate clause whose verb is held to the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"geboren","lemma":"gebären","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on werden","gloss":"born"},{"surface":"werden","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"drin","lemma":"drin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verwechseln (die-insel-s2-l3)","gloss":"wherein"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of verwechseln (die-insel-s2-l3)","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"viele","lemma":"vieler","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Welten","gloss":"many"},{"surface":"Welten","lemma":"Welt","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on verwechseln (die-insel-s2-l3)","gloss":"worlds"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"die-insel-s2-l3","source":"verwechseln schweigend; denn sie reden selten,","translation":"confuse in silence; for they seldom speak,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verwechseln","title":"Means to mix up things","body":"verwechseln means 'to mix up, to mistake one thing for another', not simply 'to confuse'. schweigend, 'in silence', is the present participle of schweigen, and denn, 'for', introduces the reason that follows: sie reden selten, 'they seldom speak'."}],"words":[{"surface":"verwechseln","lemma":"verwechseln","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"confuse"},{"surface":"schweigend","lemma":"schweigend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verwechseln","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on reden","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on reden","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"reden","lemma":"reden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"speak"},{"surface":"selten","lemma":"selten","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on reden","gloss":"seldom"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"die-insel-s2-l4","source":"und jeder Satz ist wie ein Epitaph","translation":"and every sentence is like an epitaph","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jeder","lemma":"jeder","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Satz","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Satz","lemma":"Satz","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"sentence"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Epitaph","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Epitaph","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Epitaph","lemma":"Epitaph","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"epitaph"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"die-insel-s3-l1","source":"für etwas Angeschwemmtes, Unbekanntes,","translation":"for something washed ashore, unknown,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"etwas Angeschwemmtes","title":"Adjective turned into a noun after etwas","body":"After etwas, 'something', an adjective is capitalized and given a neuter -es ending: etwas Angeschwemmtes, Unbekanntes means 'something washed ashore, unknown'. angeschwemmt is the past participle of anschwemmen, 'to wash up, to deposit by water'."}],"words":[{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Epitaph (die-insel-s2-l4)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"etwas","lemma":"etwas","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"depends on Angeschwemmtes","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"Angeschwemmtes","lemma":"angeschwemmt","morphology":"noun (substantivized participle), accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on für","gloss":"washed ashore"},{"surface":"Unbekanntes","lemma":"unbekannt","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Angeschwemmtes","gloss":"unknown"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"die-insel-s3-l2","source":"das unerklärt zu ihnen kommt und bleibt.","translation":"that comes to them unexplained, and stays.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"unerklärt","lemma":"unerklärt","morphology":"adjective, used adverbially","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"unexplained"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ihnen","lemma":"ihnen","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"kommt","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"comes"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kommt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bleibt","lemma":"bleiben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with kommt","gloss":"stays"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"die-insel-s3-l3","source":"Und so ist alles, was ihr Blick beschreibt,","translation":"And so all that their gaze takes in is this,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"beschreibt","title":"Can also mean to trace","body":"beschreiben usually means 'to describe', but of an eye or a moving point it can also mean 'to trace, to circumscribe' a shape. alles, was ihr Blick beschreibt means 'everything their gaze takes in', with was referring back to alles."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ist","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"wer","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of beschreibt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Blick","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Blick","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on beschreibt","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"beschreibt","lemma":"beschreiben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"verb of the relative clause (depends on was)","gloss":"describes","note":"Rendered more freely above as 'takes in.'"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"die-insel-s4-l1","source":"von Kindheit an: nicht auf sie Angewandtes,","translation":"from childhood on: not applied to them,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"von Kindheit an","title":"Frame meaning from onward","body":"The frame von … an means 'from … onward'; von Kindheit an means 'from childhood on'. an is a particle placed at the end of the phrase, not a preposition before its noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on beschreibt (die-insel-s3-l3)","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Kindheit","lemma":"Kindheit","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"childhood"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on von","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on Angewandtes","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Angewandtes","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"Angewandtes","lemma":"angewandt","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"predicate complement of ist (die-insel-s3-l3); coordinate with Großes, Rücksichtsloses, Hergesandtes","gloss":"applied"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"die-insel-s4-l2","source":"zu Großes, Rücksichtsloses, Hergesandtes,","translation":"too vast, inconsiderate, sent here from afar,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Rücksichtsloses","title":"Without regard, sent from afar","body":"rücksichtslos means 'inconsiderate, heedless', literally 'without Rücksicht, regard for others'. hergesandt is the past participle of hersenden, 'to send here'. Both are nominalized as neuter -es nouns continuing a list."}],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Großes","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"Großes","lemma":"groß","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinate with Angewandtes (die-insel-s4-l1); predicate complement of ist (die-insel-s3-l3)","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"Rücksichtsloses","lemma":"rücksichtslos","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinate with Großes; predicate complement of ist (die-insel-s3-l3)","gloss":"inconsiderate"},{"surface":"Hergesandtes","lemma":"hergesandt","morphology":"noun (substantivized participle), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"coordinate with Rücksichtsloses; predicate complement of ist (die-insel-s3-l3)","gloss":"sent from afar"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"die-insel-s4-l3","source":"das ihre Einsamkeit noch übertreibt.","translation":"and only deepens their loneliness the more.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"übertreibt","title":"Used of loneliness, not exaggeration","body":"übertreiben usually means 'to exaggerate', but applied to Einsamkeit, 'loneliness', it means 'to carry to excess, to heighten'. noch means 'still more', and das refers back to the things listed in the lines above."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of übertreibt","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ihre","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Einsamkeit","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Einsamkeit","lemma":"Einsamkeit","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on übertreibt","gloss":"loneliness"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on übertreibt","gloss":"still more"},{"surface":"übertreibt","lemma":"übertreiben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"deepens","note":"Literally 'exaggerates, overdoes'; here it means the loneliness is intensified."}]},{"heading":"II","id":"die-insel-s-num-2"},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"die-insel-s5-l1","source":"Als läge er in einem Kraterkreise","translation":"As if it lay within a ring of craters","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Als läge er","title":"Introducing an unreal comparison","body":"als by itself, without ob, can mean 'as though', and the finite verb follows it right away: als läge er means 'as though it lay'. läge is the past subjunctive of liegen, 'to lie', marking the comparison as unreal."}],"words":[{"surface":"Als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on läge","gloss":"As if"},{"surface":"läge","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on läge","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on läge","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Kraterkreise","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Kraterkreise","lemma":"Kraterkreis","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"ring of craters","note":"Kraterkreise is an archaic poetic dative form; modern German would say im Kraterkreis."}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"die-insel-s5-l2","source":"auf einem Mond: ist jeder Hof umdämmt,","translation":"upon a moon: each farmstead lies walled round,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"umdämmt","title":"Walled round by an embankment","body":"umdämmt is the past participle of umdämmen, 'to embank all around', from der Damm, 'dyke, embankment'. jeder Hof ist umdämmt means 'every farmstead is diked round'."}],"words":[{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on läge (die-insel-s5-l1)","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mond","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Mond","lemma":"Mond","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (passive auxiliary with umdämmt)","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"jeder","lemma":"jeder","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hof","gloss":"each"},{"surface":"Hof","lemma":"Hof","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"farmstead"},{"surface":"umdämmt","lemma":"umdämmen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"walled round","note":"umdämmen ('to wall or dam round') is a rare coinage from Damm, 'dike, embankment.'"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"die-insel-s5-l3","source":"und drin die Gärten sind auf gleiche Weise","translation":"and there within, the gardens in like manner","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"drin","lemma":"drin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"there within"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Gärten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gärten","lemma":"Garten","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence (passive auxiliary with gekleidet/gekämmt, next line)","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"gleiche","lemma":"gleich","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Weise","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Weise","lemma":"Weise","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"manner"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"die-insel-s5-l4","source":"gekleidet und wie Waisen gleich gekämmt","translation":"are dressed, and combed alike like orphans","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wie Waisen gleich gekämmt","title":"Combed alike, like orphans","body":"die Waise means 'orphan', and gekämmt is the past participle of kämmen, 'to comb'. wie Waisen gleich gekämmt means 'combed alike, like orphans', describing gardens dressed all the same way."}],"words":[{"surface":"gekleidet","lemma":"kleiden","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sind (die-insel-s5-l3)","gloss":"dressed"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on gekleidet","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gekämmt","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Waisen","lemma":"Waise","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on gekämmt","gloss":"orphans"},{"surface":"gleich","lemma":"gleich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gekämmt","gloss":"alike"},{"surface":"gekämmt","lemma":"kämmen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sind (die-insel-s5-l3); coordinate with gekleidet","gloss":"combed"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"die-insel-s6-l1","source":"von jenem Sturm, der sie so rauh erzieht","translation":"by that storm which rears them up so harshly","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"erzieht","title":"To raise a child","body":"erziehen means 'to bring up, to raise' a child. Applied to the storm, jenem Sturm, der sie so rauh erzieht means 'that storm which rears them so harshly'. jenem Sturm is dative after the agent von."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gekämmt (die-insel-s5-l4)","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"jenem","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Sturm","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Sturm","lemma":"Sturm","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erzieht","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on erzieht","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rauh","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"rauh","lemma":"rau","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erzieht","gloss":"harshly","note":"Archaic spelling of rau ('rough, harsh')."},{"surface":"erzieht","lemma":"erziehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (subject: der)","gloss":"rears"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"die-insel-s6-l2","source":"und tagelang sie bange macht mit Toden.","translation":"and for days on end makes them afraid with deaths.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bange macht","title":"Jemandem bange machen, to frighten","body":"bange machen means 'to frighten, to make afraid', from bange, 'anxious'. tagelang means 'for days on end', and mit Toden uses an old plural of der Tod, 'death', meaning 'with deaths'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on macht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tagelang","lemma":"tagelang","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on macht","gloss":"for days on end"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on macht","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"bange","lemma":"bange","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on macht","gloss":"afraid"},{"surface":"macht","lemma":"machen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb of the relative clause, coordinated with erzieht (die-insel-s6-l1)","gloss":"makes"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on macht","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Toden","lemma":"Tod","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"deaths","note":"Tod ('death') is normally used only in the singular; here it is pluralized poetically."}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"die-insel-s6-l3","source":"Dann sitzt man in den Häusern drin und sieht","translation":"Then one sits inside the houses, there, and sees","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"man … drin","title":"Impersonal man with drin","body":"man is the impersonal pronoun 'one, people in general' and takes a singular verb, man sitzt und sieht, 'one sits and sees'. in den Häusern drin doubles the sense of enclosure, in plus the colloquial drin, 'inside'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sitzt","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"sitzt","lemma":"sitzen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sits"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on sitzt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sitzt","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Häusern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Häusern","lemma":"Haus","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"drin","lemma":"drin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sitzt","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sitzt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sieht","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with sitzt","gloss":"sees"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"die-insel-s6-l4","source":"in schiefen Spiegeln, was auf den Kommoden","translation":"in crooked mirrors what upon the dressers","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kommoden","title":"Schief and die Kommode","body":"schief means 'crooked, slanted', so in schiefen Spiegeln means 'in crooked mirrors'. die Kommode, plural Kommoden, is a chest of drawers, and was is the object of sieht and the subject of steht in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"schiefen","lemma":"schief","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Spiegeln","gloss":"crooked"},{"surface":"Spiegeln","lemma":"Spiegel","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"mirrors"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on steht","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Kommoden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kommoden","lemma":"Kommode","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"dressers"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"die-insel-s7-l1","source":"Seltsames steht. Und einer von den Söhnen","translation":"stands, strange. And one among the sons","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Seltsames steht","title":"Sentence continues past the stanza break","body":"The sentence runs on from the previous stanza: was auf den Kommoden Seltsames steht means 'what strange thing stands on the dressers'. Seltsames is a neuter adjectival noun, and einer von den Söhnen means 'one of the sons'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Seltsames","lemma":"seltsam","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of steht","gloss":"something strange"},{"surface":"steht","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on einer","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"einer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of tritt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on einer","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Söhnen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Söhnen","lemma":"Sohn","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"sons"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"die-insel-s7-l2","source":"tritt abends vor die Tür und zieht ein Tönen","translation":"steps out the door at evening and draws a sound","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"tritt vor die Tür","title":"Accusative after vor for motion","body":"vor is a two-way preposition that takes the accusative with motion toward, so vor die Tür treten means 'to step outside'. ziehen here means 'to draw out, to coax' a sound, continued by aus in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"tritt","lemma":"treten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"steps"},{"surface":"abends","lemma":"abends","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"at evening"},{"surface":"vor","lemma":"vor","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tritt","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Tür","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tür","lemma":"Tür","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on vor","gloss":"door"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects tritt and zieht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zieht","lemma":"ziehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"draws"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Tönen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Tönen","lemma":"Tönen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zieht","gloss":"sound"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"die-insel-s7-l3","source":"aus der Harmonika wie Weinen weich;","translation":"from the accordion, soft as weeping;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Harmonika","title":"Accordion compared to weeping","body":"die Harmonika is a hand-held accordion or concertina. das Weinen is the verb weinen, 'to weep', used as a noun, and wie Weinen weich means 'soft as weeping'."}],"words":[{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on zieht","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Harmonika","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Harmonika","lemma":"Harmonika","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"accordion"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on weich","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Weinen","lemma":"Weinen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"weeping"},{"surface":"weich","lemma":"weich","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on Tönen","gloss":"soft"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"die-insel-s8-l1","source":"so hörte ers in einem fremden Hafen–.","translation":"so he had heard it in a foreign harbor—.","stanza":8,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hörte ers","title":"Fuses er and es together","body":"ers is a contraction of er es, 'he it', so hörte ers means 'he heard it'. hörte is the simple past of hören, and in einem fremden Hafen means 'in a foreign harbor'."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hörte","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"hörte","lemma":"hören","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had heard"},{"surface":"ers","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, contraction of er + es, nominative + accusative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on hörte","gloss":"he it","note":"Contraction of 'er' (he, subject) and 'es' (it, object), common in older/poetic German; fuses the subject and object of hörte into one word."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hörte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hafen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"fremden","lemma":"fremd","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hafen","gloss":"foreign"},{"surface":"Hafen–.","lemma":"Hafen","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"harbor"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"die-insel-s8-l2","source":"Und draußen formt sich eines von den Schafen","translation":"And out there one among the sheep takes shape,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s8-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"formt sich","title":"Reflexive sich formen","body":"sich formen means 'to take shape, to form itself'; the reflexive sich makes the sheep the thing that takes shape rather than something being shaped. eines von den Schafen means 'one of the sheep', with the verb fronted after und draußen."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on formt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"draußen","lemma":"draußen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on formt","gloss":"out there"},{"surface":"formt","lemma":"formen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular, reflexive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"forms"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on formt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"eines","lemma":"einer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of formt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on eines","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Schafen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schafen","lemma":"Schaf","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"sheep"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"die-insel-s8-l3","source":"ganz groß, fast drohend, auf dem Außendeich.","translation":"huge, almost menacing, upon the outer dyke.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s8-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Außendeich","title":"Drohend and der Außendeich","body":"drohend is the present participle of drohen, 'to threaten', used as an adjective meaning 'menacing'. der Außendeich is the outer, seaward dyke, the first barrier against the flood."}],"words":[{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on groß","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"groß","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on eines","gloss":"big"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drohend","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"drohend","lemma":"drohen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on eines","gloss":"menacing"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on formt","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Außendeich","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Außendeich","lemma":"Außendeich","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"outer dyke"}]},{"heading":"III","id":"die-insel-s-num-3"},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"die-insel-s9-l1","source":"Nah ist nur Innres; alles andre fern.","translation":"Near is only the inward; all else is far.","stanza":9,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s9-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Innres","title":"A contracted noun for inward","body":"das Innre, a contracted form of das Innere, means 'the inner part, the inward'. nah, 'near', is fronted for emphasis, and andre is a clipped form of andere, 'other'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nah","lemma":"nah","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"near"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Innres","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"Innres","lemma":"Innere","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ist","gloss":"the inward","note":"Poetic elision of 'Inneres' (the inward, the inner self)."},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"aller","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on andre","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"andre","lemma":"andere","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of fern","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"fern","lemma":"fern","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"far"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"die-insel-s9-l2","source":"Und dieses Innere gedrängt und täglich","translation":"And this interior, crowded and quotidian,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s9-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gedrängt","title":"Two participles used as adjectives","body":"gedrängt is the past participle of drängen, 'to press, to crowd', used as an adjective meaning 'crammed, dense'. täglich means 'daily, everyday'. The clause has no finite verb of its own; it leans on dieses Innere from the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on gedrängt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Innere","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Innere","lemma":"Innere","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gedrängt","gloss":"interior"},{"surface":"gedrängt","lemma":"drängen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"crowded"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects gedrängt and überfüllt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"täglich","lemma":"täglich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on überfüllt","gloss":"quotidian"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"die-insel-s9-l3","source":"mit allem überfüllt und ganz unsäglich.","translation":"overfilled with everything, and quite unspeakable.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s9-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unsäglich","title":"Überfüllt and unsäglich","body":"überfüllt, the past participle of überfüllen, means 'overfilled, crammed full'. unsäglich means 'unspeakable, ineffable', built from sagen, 'to say', with un- and -lich."}],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on überfüllt","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"allem","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"überfüllt","lemma":"überfüllen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on Innere","gloss":"overfilled"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on überfüllt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on unsäglich","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"unsäglich","lemma":"unsäglich","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on Innere","gloss":"unspeakable"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"die-insel-s9-l4","source":"Die Insel ist wie ein zu kleiner Stern,","translation":"The island is like a too-small star,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s9-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ein zu kleiner Stern","title":"Meaning too before an adjective","body":"zu before an adjective means 'too', so ein zu kleiner Stern means 'a too-small star'. der Stern means 'star', and the adjective klein takes the strong -er ending after ein."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Insel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Insel","lemma":"Insel","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ist","gloss":"island"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Stern","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kleiner","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"kleiner","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Stern","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"Stern","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"star"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"die-insel-s10-l1","source":"welchen der Raum nicht merkt und stumm zerstört","translation":"which space takes no note of, and mutely destroys","stanza":10,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s10-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"welchen der Raum","title":"Accusative relative pronoun as object","body":"welchen is the masculine accusative relative pronoun, 'which', object of both merkt and zerstört. der Raum, 'space', is the subject, and stumm means 'mute, silently'."}],"words":[{"surface":"welchen","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of merkt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Raum","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Raum","lemma":"Raum","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of merkt","gloss":"space"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on merkt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"merkt","lemma":"merken","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"notices"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects merkt and zerstört","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stumm","lemma":"stumm","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zerstört","gloss":"mutely"},{"surface":"zerstört","lemma":"zerstören","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"destroys","note":"Present tense (parallel to merkt), not the past participle — space itself does the destroying."}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"die-insel-s10-l2","source":"in seinem unbewußten Furchtbarsein,","translation":"in its unconscious dreadful being,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s10-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Furchtbarsein","title":"A coined noun for dreadful being","body":"unbewußt, an old spelling of unbewusst, means 'unconscious, unaware'. das Furchtbarsein welds furchtbar, 'dreadful', to sein, 'to be', into a noun meaning 'dreadful being'."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on zerstört","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Furchtbarsein","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"unbewußten","lemma":"unbewußt","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Furchtbarsein","gloss":"unconscious"},{"surface":"Furchtbarsein","lemma":"Furchtbarsein","morphology":"noun (substantivized infinitive), dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"dreadful being"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"die-insel-s10-l3","source":"so daß er, unerhellt und überhört,","translation":"so that it, unlit and unheard,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s10-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"so daß","title":"Sends the verb to clause end","body":"so daß, an old spelling of so dass, means 'so that' and introduces a result, sending its finite verb to the end. unerhellt means 'unlit', and überhört is the past participle of überhören, 'to fail to hear'."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on daß","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on versucht","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of versucht","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"unerhellt","lemma":"unerhellt","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on er","gloss":"unlit"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on unerhellt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"überhört","lemma":"überhören","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on er","gloss":"unheard"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"die-insel-s10-l4","source":"allein,","translation":"alone,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s10-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"allein","lemma":"allein","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on er","gloss":"alone"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"die-insel-s11-l1","source":"damit dies alles doch ein Ende nehme,","translation":"that all of this might come at last to an end,","stanza":11,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s11-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"damit … nehme","title":"Subjunctive of purpose","body":"damit means 'so that, in order that' and introduces purpose, sending its verb, nehme, to the clause's end. nehme is the Konjunktiv I subjunctive of nehmen, and ein Ende nehmen is a set phrase meaning 'to come to an end'."}],"words":[{"surface":"damit","lemma":"damit","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on nehme","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on alles","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of nehme","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nehme","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ende","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"Ende","lemma":"Ende","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nehme","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"nehme","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the clause","gloss":"might come","note":"Subjunctive form (identical in spelling to the 1st-person indicative); its subject is 'alles' (3rd person). Idiom 'ein Ende nehmen' = to come to an end."}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"die-insel-s11-l2","source":"dunkel auf einer selbsterfundnen Bahn","translation":"darkly, on a self-invented orbit,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s11-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"selbsterfundnen","title":"A self-invented path or orbit","body":"selbsterfunden means 'self-invented', from selbst and erfinden; its ending -nen is a clipped form of -enen, the full dative feminine form being selbsterfundenen. die Bahn means 'path, track, orbit'."}],"words":[{"surface":"dunkel","lemma":"dunkel","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on versucht","gloss":"darkly"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gehen","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Bahn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"selbsterfundnen","lemma":"selbsterfunden","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Bahn","gloss":"self-invented","note":"Poetic elision of 'selbsterfundenen' (self-invented)."},{"surface":"Bahn","lemma":"Bahn","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"orbit"}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"die-insel-s11-l3","source":"versucht zu gehen, blindlings, nicht im Plan","translation":"tries to go, blindly, not within the plan","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s11-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"blindlings","title":"An adverb formed with -lings","body":"blindlings means 'blindly, headlong', formed with the suffix -lings, as in rücklings, 'backward'. versucht zu gehen means 'tries to go', using versuchen zu plus an infinitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"versucht","lemma":"versuchen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tries"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on gehen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"gehen","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on versucht","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"blindlings","lemma":"blindlings","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on versucht","gloss":"blindly"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on Plan","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gehen","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"Plan","lemma":"Plan","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"plan"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"die-insel-s11-l4","source":"der Wandelsterne, Sonnen und Systeme.","translation":"of the wandering stars, the suns and systems.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-insel-s11-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Wandelsterne","title":"The old word for planet","body":"der Wandelstern, 'wandering star', is an old German word for a planet, a body that moves against the fixed stars. der Wandelsterne, Sonnen und Systeme is a genitive plural depending on Plan in the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Wandelsterne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wandelsterne","lemma":"Wandelstern","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Plan","gloss":"wandering stars","note":"'Wandelstern' (wandering star) is the older German term for a planet."},{"surface":"Sonnen","lemma":"Sonne","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Wandelsterne","gloss":"suns"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects Sonnen and Systeme","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Systeme","lemma":"System","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"systems"}]}]}