{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"die-kathedrale","title":{"source":"Die Kathedrale","translated":"The Cathedral"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-kathedrale","lines":29},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/l-ange-du-meridien","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/das-portal","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"die-kathedrale-s1-l1","source":"In jenen kleinen Städten, wo herum","translation":"In those small towns, where round about","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"jenen","title":"The distal demonstrative jener","body":"Jener, jene, jenes means 'that one over there', the far counterpart to dieser, 'this'. Here jenen is dative plural after in, agreeing with Städten: 'in those small towns'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"herum","title":"Around, round about","body":"Herum means 'around, round about'. Placed at the end of the line, it leaves the sentence open across the line break, so the reader continues into the next line to find what is being encircled."}],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"jenen","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Städten","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"kleinen","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Städten","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"Städten","lemma":"Stadt","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on In","gloss":"towns"},{"surface":"wo","lemma":"wo","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on hocken (s1-l2)","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"herum","lemma":"herum","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hocken (s1-l2)","gloss":"round about"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"die-kathedrale-s1-l2","source":"die alten Häuser wie ein Jahrmarkt hocken,","translation":"the old houses crouch like a fairground,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Jahrmarkt","title":"An annual fair","body":"Jahrmarkt is literally a 'year market', an annual fair with stalls, criers, and drums. The word names the kind of gathering the houses are compared to."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Häuser","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alten","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Häuser","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Häuser","lemma":"Haus","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of hocken","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Jahrmarkt","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Jahrmarkt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Jahrmarkt","lemma":"Jahrmarkt","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"fairground"},{"surface":"hocken","lemma":"hocken","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"crouch"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"die-kathedrale-s1-l3","source":"der sie bemerkt hat plötzlich und erschrocken","translation":"that, having all at once and startled noticed it,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bemerkt hat","title":"Present perfect, verb held back","body":"Der sie bemerkt hat is the present perfect, 'that has noticed it', with der as subject and sie as object. German pushes the finite verb hat to the end of the clause, after the participle bemerkt."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hat","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on bemerkt","gloss":"it","note":"Refers to 'die Kathedrale,' suddenly noticed towering over the town."},{"surface":"bemerkt","lemma":"bemerken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"noticed"},{"surface":"hat","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on plötzlich","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"erschrocken","lemma":"erschrocken","morphology":"adjective, predicate, uninflected","role":"depends on und","gloss":"startled"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"die-kathedrale-s1-l4","source":"die Buden zumacht und ganz zu und stumm,","translation":"shuts up its booths and, wholly shut and mute,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zumacht","title":"A separable verb, held together","body":"Zumachen, 'to close, shut', is a separable verb. In a main clause its prefix zu splits off and lands at the end, macht … zu, but inside this relative clause the whole verb, zumacht, stays together at the end, after its object die Buden."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Buden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Buden","lemma":"Bude","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"object of zumacht","gloss":"booths"},{"surface":"zumacht","lemma":"zumachen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shuts up"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates zumacht and zu","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"coordinated predicate with zumacht","gloss":"shut"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates zu and stumm","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"stumm","lemma":"stumm","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"coordinated predicate with zu","gloss":"mute"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"die-kathedrale-s2-l1","source":"die Schreier still, die Trommeln angehalten,","translation":"the criers hushed, the drums brought to a halt,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"angehalten","title":"A verbless absolute phrase","body":"Die Trommeln angehalten is a verbless, absolute construction, 'the drums having been stopped', paired with die Schreier still, 'the criers silent'. German can string together such clipped phrases without a finite verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Schreier","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schreier","lemma":"Schreier","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"criers"},{"surface":"still","lemma":"still","morphology":"adjective, predicative","role":"depends on Schreier","gloss":"hushed"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Trommeln","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Trommeln","lemma":"Trommel","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of angehalten","gloss":"drums"},{"surface":"angehalten","lemma":"anhalten","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"predicate, describes Trommeln","gloss":"halted"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"die-kathedrale-s2-l2","source":"zu ihr hinaufhorcht aufgeregten Ohrs–:","translation":"listens up toward her with an agitated ear—:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hinaufhorcht","title":"A coined verb, to listen upward","body":"This is a coinage from horchen, 'to listen intently, to hark', and hinauf, 'upward'. Zu ihr, 'to her', refers to die Kathedrale, feminine. Aufgeregten Ohrs is an archaic genitive of manner, 'with an agitated ear'."}],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hinaufhorcht","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"hinaufhorcht","lemma":"hinaufhorchen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"listens up"},{"surface":"aufgeregten","lemma":"aufgeregt","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ohrs–","gloss":"agitated"},{"surface":"Ohrs–","lemma":"Ohr","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hinaufhorcht","gloss":"ear"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"die-kathedrale-s2-l3","source":"dieweil sie ruhig immer in dem alten","translation":"while she, ever calm, in the old","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dieweil","title":"An archaic word for while","body":"Dieweil is an archaic, literary conjunction meaning 'while, whilst', the older form of modern während. It subordinates its clause, so the verb, dasteht, is held back to the end, two lines later."}],"words":[{"surface":"dieweil","lemma":"dieweil","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on dasteht","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dasteht","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ruhig","lemma":"ruhig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dasteht","gloss":"calmly"},{"surface":"immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dasteht","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on dasteht","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Faltenmantel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"alten","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Faltenmantel","gloss":"old"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"die-kathedrale-s2-l4","source":"Faltenmantel ihrer Contreforts","translation":"pleated mantle of her buttresses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Faltenmantel","title":"A compound, pleated mantle","body":"Faltenmantel is a compound of Falten, 'folds, pleats', and Mantel, 'mantle, cloak': a cloak hanging in heavy folds. Contreforts is the French architectural term for buttresses. Ihrer is the genitive, 'of her buttresses'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Faltenmantel","lemma":"Faltenmantel","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"pleated mantle"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Contreforts","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Contreforts","lemma":"Contrefort","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Faltenmantel","gloss":"buttresses","note":"Contrefort is a French loanword German architectural writing used for a buttress."}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"die-kathedrale-s2-l5","source":"dasteht und von den Häusern gar nicht weiß:","translation":"stands there and knows nothing at all of the houses:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"von den Häusern … weiß","title":"Wissen von plus dative","body":"Von etwas wissen means 'to know of, to be aware of something' and takes the dative, von den Häusern. With gar nicht, 'not at all', it means 'knows nothing whatever of the houses'. Weiß finally closes the long clause opened two lines back."}],"words":[{"surface":"dasteht","lemma":"dastehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stands there"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects dasteht and weiß","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on weiß","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Häusern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Häusern","lemma":"Haus","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"gar","lemma":"gar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"at all"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on weiß","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"weiß","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with dasteht","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l1","source":"in jenen kleinen Städten kannst du sehn,","translation":"in those small towns you can see","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sehn","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"jenen","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Städten","gloss":"those"},{"surface":"kleinen","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Städten","gloss":"small"},{"surface":"Städten","lemma":"Stadt","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"towns"},{"surface":"kannst","lemma":"können","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on kannst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"sehn","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on kannst","gloss":"see","note":"Poetic contraction of 'sehen'."}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l2","source":"wie sehr entwachsen ihrem Umgangskreis","translation":"how far outgrown beyond their social circle","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"entwachsen","title":"To outgrow, plus dative","body":"Entwachsen means 'to outgrow, to grow out of or beyond' and governs the dative: entwachsen ihrem Umgangskreis, 'outgrown their circle of acquaintance'. Umgangskreis names the set of people one regularly mingles with."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sehr","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"sehr","lemma":"sehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on entwachsen","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"entwachsen","lemma":"entwachsen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"outgrown"},{"surface":"ihrem","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Umgangskreis","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Umgangskreis","lemma":"Umgangskreis","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on entwachsen","gloss":"social circle"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l3","source":"die Kathedralen waren. Ihr Erstehn","translation":"the cathedrals were. Their arising","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Erstehn","title":"A nominalized verb","body":"Erstehn, short for Erstehen, is the verb erstehen, 'to arise, to come into being', used here as a neuter noun: 'their arising'. German freely turns infinitives into nouns this way."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Kathedralen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kathedralen","lemma":"Kathedrale","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of waren","gloss":"cathedrals"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"Ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Erstehn","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Erstehn","lemma":"Erstehn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"arising"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l4","source":"ging über alles fort, so wie den Blick","translation":"went on past everything, just as the gaze","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went on"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"fort","lemma":"fort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on übersteigt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Blick","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Blick","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of übersteigt","gloss":"gaze"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l5","source":"des eignen Lebens viel zu große Nähe","translation":"of one's own life is, by too great a nearness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"des eignen Lebens","title":"Genitive placed before its noun","body":"Des eignen Lebens, 'of one's own life', is a genitive depending on Nähe, 'nearness'. Eignen is the poetic short form of eigenen. The two words together, across lines, mean 'the nearness of one's own life'."}],"words":[{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lebens","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"eignen","lemma":"eigen","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lebens","gloss":"own","note":"Poetic elision of 'eigenen'."},{"surface":"Lebens","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Nähe","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"viel","lemma":"viel","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on große","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on große","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"große","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nähe","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Nähe","lemma":"Nähe","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of übersteigt","gloss":"nearness"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l6","source":"fortwährend übersteigt und als geschähe","translation":"forever surpasses, and as though there happened","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"übersteigt","title":"To exceed, to surpass","body":"Übersteigen means 'to exceed, to surpass, to climb over'. Here Nähe, 'nearness', übersteigt … den Blick, overtops the gaze. Fortwährend means 'continually, forever'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"als geschähe","title":"Subjunctive of comparison","body":"Als, 'as though', plus the Konjunktiv II geschähe, from geschehen, 'to happen', makes an unreal comparison: 'as though nothing else were happening'. With als the verb comes directly after it, inverting the usual word order."}],"words":[{"surface":"fortwährend","lemma":"fortwährend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on übersteigt","gloss":"forever"},{"surface":"übersteigt","lemma":"übersteigen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"surpasses"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on übersteigt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on geschähe","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"geschähe","lemma":"geschehen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"happened"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l7","source":"nichts anderes; als wäre das Geschick,","translation":"nothing else; as though the destiny,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Geschick","title":"Fate, destiny","body":"Das Geschick means 'fate, destiny', a more elevated word than the everyday Schicksal. It names what the following lines describe as piling up and turning to stone."}],"words":[{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"determiner, neuter","role":"depends on anderes","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"anderes","lemma":"anderer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on geschähe","gloss":"else"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"wäre","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Geschick","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Geschick","lemma":"Geschick","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wäre","gloss":"destiny"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l8","source":"was sich in ihnen aufhäuft ohne Maßen,","translation":"that heaps itself up within them beyond measure,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich aufhäuft","title":"A reflexive separable verb","body":"Sich aufhäufen, 'to pile up, to accumulate', is both reflexive and separable, but inside this relative clause it stays joined: was sich in ihnen aufhäuft, 'what piles itself up within them'. Ohne Maßen is an old plural form of ohne Maß, 'without measure'."}],"words":[{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of aufhäuft","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on aufhäuft","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufhäuft","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ihnen","lemma":"ihnen","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"aufhäuft","lemma":"aufhäufen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heaps up"},{"surface":"ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufhäuft","gloss":"beyond"},{"surface":"Maßen","lemma":"Maß","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on ohne","gloss":"measure"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l9","source":"versteinert und zum Dauernden bestimmt,","translation":"turned to stone and ordained to what endures,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zum Dauernden bestimmt","title":"Bestimmt zu, destined for","body":"Bestimmt zu means 'destined for, ordained for'. Das Dauernde is the adjective dauernd, 'lasting, enduring', turned into a noun, 'that which endures'; zum is a contraction of zu dem."}],"words":[{"surface":"versteinert","lemma":"versteinern","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"turned to stone"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on versteinert","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zum","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bestimmt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Dauernden","lemma":"Dauernde","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zum","gloss":"what endures"},{"surface":"bestimmt","lemma":"bestimmen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"ordained"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l10","source":"nicht das, was unten in den dunkeln Straßen","translation":"not that which, down in the dark streets,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on das","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wäre","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of nimmt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"unten","lemma":"unten","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on in","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Straßen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dunkeln","lemma":"dunkel","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Straßen","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Straßen","lemma":"Straße","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"streets"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l11","source":"vom Zufall irgendwelche Namen nimmt","translation":"takes from chance some names or other","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vom Zufall","title":"Taking something from chance","body":"Der Zufall means 'chance, accident'; vom Zufall … nimmt means 'takes from chance'. Irgendwelche Namen means 'some names or other, any names at all'."}],"words":[{"surface":"vom","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Zufall","lemma":"Zufall","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vom","gloss":"chance"},{"surface":"irgendwelche","lemma":"irgendwelcher","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Namen","gloss":"some or other"},{"surface":"Namen","lemma":"Name","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on nimmt","gloss":"names"},{"surface":"nimmt","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"takes"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l12","source":"und darin geht, wie Kinder Grün und Rot","translation":"and goes about in them, the way children wear","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l12.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects nimmt and geht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"darin","lemma":"darin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on geht","gloss":"in them"},{"surface":"geht","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"goes"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on tragen","gloss":"the way"},{"surface":"Kinder","lemma":"Kind","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of tragen","gloss":"children"},{"surface":"Grün","lemma":"Grün","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on tragen","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Grün","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Rot","lemma":"Rot","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l13","source":"und was der Krämer hat als Schürze tragen.","translation":"green and red, and what the shopkeeper has, as an apron.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Krämer","title":"Shopkeeper and apron","body":"Krämer is a small shopkeeper or grocer; Schürze is an apron. Both are plain, everyday nouns naming ordinary trade and clothing."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with Grün und Rot","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Krämer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Krämer","lemma":"Krämer","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"shopkeeper"},{"surface":"hat","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tragen","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Schürze","lemma":"Schürze","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"apron"},{"surface":"tragen","lemma":"tragen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"wear"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l14","source":"Da war Geburt in diesen Unterlagen,","translation":"There was birth in these foundations,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Unterlagen","title":"Foundations, underpinnings","body":"Unterlagen here means 'underpinnings, foundations, the base courses' something rests on; the everyday word also means 'documents'. Geburt means 'birth'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"There"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Geburt","lemma":"Geburt","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"birth"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"diesen","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Unterlagen","gloss":"these"},{"surface":"Unterlagen","lemma":"Unterlage","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"foundations"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l15","source":"und Kraft und Andrang war in diesem Ragen","translation":"and force and surging thrust were in this towering,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Andrang","title":"Surge, and a nominalized verb","body":"Andrang means 'a thronging, a surge, a press forward'. Das Ragen is the nominalized verb ragen, 'to tower, to jut up'. War, singular, governs the two paired subjects Kraft und Andrang, common in German when the verb precedes its subjects."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Kraft","lemma":"Kraft","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"force"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Kraft","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Andrang","lemma":"Andrang","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"surging thrust"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"diesem","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ragen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Ragen","lemma":"Ragen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"towering"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l16","source":"und Liebe überall wie Wein und Brot,","translation":"and love everywhere like wine and bread,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l16.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects Andrang and Liebe","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Liebe","lemma":"Liebe","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"love"},{"surface":"überall","lemma":"überall","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Liebe","gloss":"everywhere"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Wein","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Wein","lemma":"Wein","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"wine"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Wein","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Brot","lemma":"Brot","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"bread"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l17","source":"und die Portale voller Liebesklagcn.","translation":"and the portals full of love-laments.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Liebesklagen","title":"A compound, love laments","body":"Liebesklagen is a compound of Liebe, 'love', and Klagen, 'laments, plaints': 'love laments'. Portale are the great carved entrance portals of a cathedral. The source spells the word Liebesklagcn, a known typo kept verbatim."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Portale","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Portale","lemma":"Portal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"portals"},{"surface":"voller","lemma":"voll","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Portale","gloss":"full of"},{"surface":"Liebesklagcn","lemma":"Liebesklage","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"depends on voller","gloss":"love-laments"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l18","source":"Das Leben zögerte Im Stundenschlagen,","translation":"Life hesitated in the striking of the hours,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l18.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Stundenschlagen","title":"The striking of the hours","body":"Das Stundenschlagen means 'the striking of the hours', the chiming that marks each hour. Zögern means 'to hesitate, to falter'. The source capitalizes Im mid line, kept verbatim."}],"words":[{"surface":"Das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zögerte","gloss":"Life"},{"surface":"zögerte","lemma":"zögern","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hesitated"},{"surface":"Im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on zögerte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Stundenschlagen","lemma":"Stundenschlagen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Im","gloss":"striking of the hours"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l19","source":"und in den Türmen, welche voll Entsagen","translation":"and in the towers, which full of renunciation","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l19.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Entsagen","title":"Renunciation, giving up","body":"Das Entsagen, from entsagen, 'to renounce, to give up', means 'renunciation'. Welche is a more formal relative pronoun, 'which', referring here to den Türmen, 'the towers'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on zögerte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on zögerte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Türmen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Türmen","lemma":"Turm","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"towers"},{"surface":"welche","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of stiegen","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"voll","lemma":"voll","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Entsagen","gloss":"full of"},{"surface":"Entsagen","lemma":"Entsagen","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"renunciation"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"die-kathedrale-s3-l20","source":"auf einmal nicht mehr stiegen, war der Tod.","translation":"all at once climbed no higher, was death.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/die-kathedrale-s3-l20.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"auf einmal nicht mehr stiegen","title":"Subject after the verb","body":"Auf einmal means 'all at once, suddenly'; nicht mehr means 'no longer, no more'. The towers stiegen … nicht mehr, 'climbed no higher'. The clause then closes with subject after verb: war der Tod, 'was death'."}],"words":[{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"stiegen","lemma":"steigen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on welche","gloss":"climbed"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tod","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tod","lemma":"Tod","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"death"}]}]}