{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"esther","title":{"source":"Esther","translated":"Esther"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/esther","lines":30},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/absaloms-abfall","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-aussaetzige-koenig","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"esther-s1-l1","source":"Die Dienerinnen kämmten sieben Tage","translation":"The serving-women combed for seven days","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Dienerinnen","title":"Feminine plural Dienerinnen","body":"Dienerinnen is the plural of Dienerin, 'female servant', formed with the feminine suffix -in from Diener, 'servant'. Die Dienerinnen kämmten means 'the serving-women combed', kämmten the preterite plural of kämmen, 'to comb'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Dienerinnen","gloss":"The"},{"surface":"Dienerinnen","lemma":"Dienerin","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of kämmten","gloss":"serving-women"},{"surface":"kämmten","lemma":"kämmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"combed"},{"surface":"sieben","lemma":"sieben","morphology":"numeral","role":"depends on Tage","gloss":"seven"},{"surface":"Tage","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on kämmten","gloss":"days"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"esther-s1-l2","source":"die Asche ihres Grams und ihrer Plage","translation":"the ash of her grief and of her torment,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Asche","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Asche","lemma":"Asche","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on kämmten (l1), direct object","gloss":"ash"},{"surface":"ihres","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Grams","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Grams","lemma":"Gram","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Asche","gloss":"grief"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Grams","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Plage","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Plage","lemma":"Plage","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Asche, coordinate with Grams","gloss":"torment"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"esther-s1-l3","source":"Neige und Niederschlag aus ihrem Haar","translation":"dregs and sediment out of her hair","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Neige und Niederschlag","title":"Nouns Neige and Niederschlag","body":"Neige means 'dregs, remains', and Niederschlag here means 'sediment, residue' rather than its more common sense 'rainfall'. Both are accusative objects of trugen in the next line, 'carried', describing what fell out during the combing."}],"words":[{"surface":"Neige","lemma":"Neige","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"coordinate with Asche, object of kämmten (l1)","gloss":"dregs"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Neige","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Niederschlag","lemma":"Niederschlag","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"sediment"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Neige","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ihrem","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Haar","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Haar","lemma":"Haar","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"esther-s1-l4","source":"und trugen es und sonnten es im Freien","translation":"and carried it and sunned it in the open air","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"trugen … sonnten","title":"Preterites trugen and sonnten","body":"trugen is the preterite of tragen, 'to carry'. sonnten is the preterite of sonnen, 'to sun, to air in sunlight'. Both take es, 'it', as their accusative object, referring to the combed-out matter, Neige und Niederschlag, from before."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on trugen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"trugen","lemma":"tragen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinate main verb of the sentence","gloss":"carried"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on trugen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on trugen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sonnten","lemma":"sonnen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinate main verb, depends on und","gloss":"sunned"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on sonnten","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition (contraction of 'in dem')","role":"depends on sonnten","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Freien","lemma":"Freie","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"open air"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"esther-s1-l5","source":"und speisten es mit reinen Spezereien","translation":"and fed it with pure spices","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on speisten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"speisten","lemma":"speisen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinate main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fed"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on speisten","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on speisten","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"reinen","lemma":"rein","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Spezereien","gloss":"pure"},{"surface":"Spezereien","lemma":"Spezerei","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"spices"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"esther-s1-l6","source":"noch diesen Tag und den: dann aber war","translation":"this day still, and that: but then there had","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dann aber war","title":"Verb introducing an event","body":"war here begins an impersonal construction completed in the next line, es war die Zeit gekommen, 'the time had come'. dann aber, 'but then', marks a shift after the days just named, noch diesen Tag und den."}],"words":[{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"diesen","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Tag","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on speisten (l5), accusative of duration","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und, elliptical for 'den [Tag]'","gloss":"that one"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"auxiliary, forms pluperfect with gekommen (esther-s2-l1)","gloss":"had"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"esther-s2-l1","source":"die Zeit gekommen, da sie ungeboten,","translation":"the time come when, unbidden,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ungeboten","title":"Adjective ungeboten","body":"ungeboten is built from bieten, 'to offer, to bid', with the negative prefix un- and a participial ending, meaning 'unbidden, uninvited, unasked'. It describes sie, 'she', entering the palace without being summoned."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Zeit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Zeit","lemma":"Zeit","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of war (esther-s1-l6)","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"gekommen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"forms pluperfect with war (esther-s1-l6)","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on betrat (esther-s2-l3)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of betrat (esther-s2-l3)","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ungeboten","lemma":"ungeboten","morphology":"adjective (participial), nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicative, describes sie","gloss":"unbidden","note":"Archaic past participle of 'bieten' with negative prefix: 'unbidden, uninvited.'"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"esther-s2-l2","source":"zu keiner Frist, wie eine von den Toten","translation":"at no appointed hour, like one of the dead,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on betrat (esther-s2-l3)","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"keiner","lemma":"kein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frist","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Frist","lemma":"Frist","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"appointed hour"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on betrat, introduces comparison to sie","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"eine","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on eine","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"depends on Toten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Toten","lemma":"Tote","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), dative, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"dead"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"esther-s2-l3","source":"den drohend offenen Palast betrat,","translation":"she entered the threateningly open palace,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"betrat","title":"Preterite betrat","body":"betrat is the preterite of betreten, 'to enter, to step into'. den ... Palast is its accusative object, 'the palace'. drohend offenen describes the palace as 'threateningly open', drohend an adverb modifying the adjective offen."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Palast","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"drohend","lemma":"drohend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on offenen","gloss":"threateningly"},{"surface":"offenen","lemma":"offen","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Palast","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"Palast","lemma":"Palast","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on betrat","gloss":"palace"},{"surface":"betrat","lemma":"betreten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the subordinate 'da' clause","gloss":"entered"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"esther-s2-l4","source":"um gleich, gelegt auf ihre Kammerfrauen,","translation":"to look, at once, laid upon her chamber-women,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces purpose clause with zu schauen (esther-s2-l5)","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"gleich","lemma":"gleich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on um","gloss":"at once"},{"surface":"gelegt","lemma":"legen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"participial modifier, describes sie, depends on the um...zu schauen construction","gloss":"laid"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gelegt","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"ihre","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Kammerfrauen","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Kammerfrauen","lemma":"Kammerfrau","morphology":"noun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"chamber-women"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"esther-s2-l5","source":"am Ende ihres Weges den zu schauen,","translation":"at the end of her way, on him","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"den zu schauen","title":"Infinitive zu schauen","body":"zu schauen, 'to look upon', is an infinitive with zu, its object den, 'him', placed before it. am Ende ihres Weges means 'at the end of her way', setting up the purpose of her long walk: finally to look upon him."}],"words":[{"surface":"am","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition (contraction of 'an dem')","role":"depends on schauen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Ende","lemma":"Ende","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on am","gloss":"end"},{"surface":"ihres","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weges","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Weges","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ende","gloss":"way"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schauen","gloss":"him","note":"Refers to the king (Ahasuerus), unnamed in this excerpt."},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on schauen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"schauen","lemma":"schauen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive, completes the purpose clause 'um...zu' (esther-s2-l4)","gloss":"look upon"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"esther-s2-l6","source":"an dem man stirbt, wenn man ihm naht.","translation":"at whom one dies, if one draws near to him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s2-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wenn man ihm naht","title":"Present naht plus dative","body":"naht is the third person singular present of nahen, 'to draw near, to approach', which takes a dative object: wenn man ihm naht means 'if one draws near to him'. an dem man stirbt means 'at whom one dies', dem the dative relative pronoun."}],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stirbt","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun (relative), dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"whom"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of stirbt","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"stirbt","lemma":"sterben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"dies"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on naht","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"subject of naht","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on naht","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"naht","lemma":"nahen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the subordinate 'wenn' clause, modifies stirbt","gloss":"draws near"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"esther-s3-l1","source":"Er glänzte so, daß sie die Kronrubine","translation":"He shone so that she felt the crown-rubies","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"so, daß","title":"Result clause with daß","body":"so ... daß means 'so ... that', introducing a result: Er glänzte so, daß means 'he shone so brightly that'. The daß clause that follows, continuing into the next line, states the effect of his shining on her."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of glänzte","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"glänzte","lemma":"glänzen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shone"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on glänzte","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on fühlte (esther-s3-l2)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of fühlte (esther-s3-l2)","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Kronrubine","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kronrubine","lemma":"Kronrubin","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on fühlte (esther-s3-l2), object of aufflammen","gloss":"crown-rubies"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"esther-s3-l2","source":"aufflammen fühlte, die sie an sich trug;","translation":"flame up, the ones she bore upon her;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aufflammen","lemma":"aufflammen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on fühlte","gloss":"flare up"},{"surface":"fühlte","lemma":"fühlen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun (relative), accusative, plural","role":"depends on trug","gloss":"the ones"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of trug","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on trug","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on an","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"trug","lemma":"tragen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause, modifies Kronrubine (esther-s3-l1)","gloss":"bore"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"esther-s3-l3","source":"sie füllte sich ganz rasch mit seiner Miene","translation":"she filled herself quite swiftly with his countenance","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wie ein Gefäß","title":"Comparison, filling like a vessel","body":"sie füllte sich, 'she filled herself', uses the reflexive to show the action happening to the subject herself. ganz rasch, 'quite swiftly', and mit seiner Miene, 'with his countenance', describe how fast and with what she filled up, as though a vessel."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of füllte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"füllte","lemma":"füllen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on füllte","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rasch","gloss":"quite"},{"surface":"rasch","lemma":"rasch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on füllte","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on füllte","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Miene","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Miene","lemma":"Miene","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"countenance"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"esther-s3-l4","source":"wie ein Gefäß und war schon voll genug","translation":"like a vessel, and was already full enough","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Gefäß","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gefäß","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Gefäß","lemma":"Gefäß","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"vessel"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates war with the previous clause","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"voll","lemma":"voll","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on war","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"genug","lemma":"genug","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"enough"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"esther-s4-l1","source":"und floß schon über von des Königs Macht,","translation":"and was already brimming over with the King's might,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"von des Königs Macht","title":"Genitive des Königs","body":"des Königs is the genitive singular of der König, 'the king', meaning 'the king's'. floß ... über von des Königs Macht means 'brimmed over with the king's might', überfließen, 'to overflow', here separated by von marking the source that overflowed."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on floß","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"floß","lemma":"überfließen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"brimmed"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on floß","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"particle","role":"separable prefix of floß (überfließen)","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on floß","gloss":"with","note":"'überfließen von' = 'to brim over with' — the separable verb überfließen is split by 'von des Königs Macht'."},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Königs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Königs","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Macht","gloss":"King's"},{"surface":"Macht","lemma":"Macht","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"might"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"esther-s4-l2","source":"bevor sie noch den dritten Saal durchschritt,","translation":"before she had yet crossed the third hall,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"bevor","lemma":"bevor","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on durchschritt","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on durchschritt","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on durchschritt","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Saal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"dritten","lemma":"dritter","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Saal","gloss":"third"},{"surface":"Saal","lemma":"Saal","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on durchschritt","gloss":"hall"},{"surface":"durchschritt","lemma":"durchschreiten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had crossed"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"esther-s4-l3","source":"der sie mit seiner Wände Malachit","translation":"which ran her over green with the malachite","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Malachit","title":"Genitive plural Wände","body":"Wände is the genitive plural of Wand, 'wall', here meaning 'of the walls'. mit seiner Wände Malachit means 'with the malachite of its walls', an older word order placing the genitive before the noun it depends on, Malachit."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of überlief (refers to Saal)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of überlief","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on überlief","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Wände","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Wände","lemma":"Wand","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Malachit","gloss":"walls'"},{"surface":"Malachit","lemma":"Malachit","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"malachite"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"esther-s4-l4","source":"grün überlief. Sie hatte nicht gedacht,","translation":"of its walls. She had not thought","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sie hatte nicht gedacht","title":"Pluperfect hatte gedacht","body":"hatte gedacht is the pluperfect of denken, 'to think', built from hatte plus the participle gedacht. It marks something that had not occurred to her before the moment described, continuing into the next line with what she had not thought."}],"words":[{"surface":"grün","lemma":"grün","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on überlief","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"überlief","lemma":"überlaufen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (continues from previous line)","gloss":"ran over"},{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"hatte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on gedacht","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"gedacht","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"thought"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"esther-s5-l1","source":"so langen Gang zu tun mit allen Steinen,","translation":"to make so long a passage with all the stones,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"so langen Gang zu tun","title":"Idiom einen Gang tun","body":"einen Gang tun means 'to make a walk, to take a passage', with tun, 'to do', standing in for a more specific verb of motion. so langen Gang zu tun means 'to make so long a passage'. mit allen Steinen means 'with all the stones'."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on langen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"langen","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gang","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Gang","lemma":"Gang","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on tun","gloss":"passage"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on tun","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"tun","lemma":"tun","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on gedacht (previous line)","gloss":"make","note":"idiom 'einen Gang tun' = 'to make/take a passage.'"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tun","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"allen","lemma":"aller","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Steinen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Steinen","lemma":"Stein","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"stones"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"esther-s5-l2","source":"die schwerer wurden von des Königs Scheinen","translation":"which grew the heavier from the King's radiance","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of wurden (refers to Steinen)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"schwerer","lemma":"schwer","morphology":"adjective, comparative, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wurden","gloss":"heavier"},{"surface":"wurden","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wurden","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Königs","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Königs","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Scheinen","gloss":"King's"},{"surface":"Scheinen","lemma":"Scheinen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"radiance","note":"'Scheinen' here is the nominalized infinitive of 'scheinen' (to shine) — 'the King's shining/radiance' — not the plural of the noun 'Schein.'"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"esther-s5-l3","source":"und kalt von ihrer Angst. Sie ging und ging.","translation":"and cold from her own fear. She walked and walked.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sie ging und ging.","title":"Repeated verb ging","body":"ging is the preterite of gehen, 'to go, to walk'. Repeating it, Sie ging und ging, 'she walked and walked', shows the walking continuing without end, emphasizing the length of her approach through the palace."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates kalt with schwerer","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kalt","lemma":"kalt","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on wurden (previous line, elided)","gloss":"cold"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kalt","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Angst","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Angst","lemma":"Angst","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"fear"},{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"walked"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"esther-s6-l1","source":"Und als sie endlich fast von nahe ihn,","translation":"And when at last, almost from near, she saw","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects this sentence to the previous one","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on sah (s6-l3)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of sah (s6-l3)","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"endlich","lemma":"endlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sah (s6-l3)","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on von","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sah (s6-l3)","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"nahe","lemma":"nah","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on von","gloss":"close by","note":"'von nahe' is a fixed adverbial phrase meaning 'from close up.'"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of sah (s6-l3)","gloss":"him"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"esther-s6-l2","source":"aufruhend auf dem Thron von Turmalin,","translation":"him, resting upon the throne of tourmaline,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aufruhend","lemma":"aufruhen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"depends on ihn (previous line)","gloss":"resting"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufruhend","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Thron","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Thron","lemma":"Thron","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"throne"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Thron","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Turmalin","lemma":"Turmalin","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"tourmaline"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"esther-s6-l3","source":"sich türmen sah, so wirklich wie ein Ding:","translation":"tower up, as real as a thing:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"so wirklich wie ein Ding","title":"Comparison wie ein Ding","body":"wie ein Ding means 'like a thing, as real as an object'. It compares whatever she saw towering up, sich türmen sah, to something solid and physical, wirklich meaning 'real, actual'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on türmen","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"türmen","lemma":"türmen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"tower up"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wirklich","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"wirklich","lemma":"wirklich","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on sah (predicative, describing ihn)","gloss":"real"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Ding","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ding","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Ding","lemma":"Ding","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"thing"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"esther-s7-l1","source":"empfing die rechte von den Dienerinnen","translation":"the right one of the serving-women received","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"empfing","lemma":"empfangen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"received"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on rechte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rechte","lemma":"rechter","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of empfing","gloss":"right one"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on rechte","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Dienerinnen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Dienerinnen","lemma":"Dienerin","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"serving-women"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"esther-s7-l2","source":"die Schwindende und hielt sie zu dem Sitze.","translation":"the swooning one and held her toward the seat.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Schwindende","title":"Nominalized participle Schwindende","body":"Schwindende is the present participle schwindend, 'fainting, swooning', used as a noun with the article die: 'the swooning one'. hielt sie zu dem Sitze means 'held her toward the seat', hielt the preterite of halten, 'to hold'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Schwindende","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schwindende","lemma":"Schwindende","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of empfing (previous line)","gloss":"swooning one"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates hielt with empfing","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hielt","lemma":"halten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence, coordinated with empfing","gloss":"held"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hielt","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Sitze","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sitze","lemma":"Sitz","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"seat"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"esther-s7-l3","source":"Er rührte sie mit seines Zepters Spitze;","translation":"He touched her with the tip of his sceptre;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on rührte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"rührte","lemma":"rühren","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"touched"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on rührte","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on rührte","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"seines","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Zepters","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Zepters","lemma":"Zepter","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Spitze","gloss":"sceptre's"},{"surface":"Spitze","lemma":"Spitze","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"tip"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"esther-s7-l4","source":"und sie begriff es ohne Sinne, innen.","translation":"and she grasped it, without senses, within.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/esther-s7-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ohne Sinne, innen","title":"Prepositional phrase ohne Sinne","body":"ohne Sinne means 'without senses', ohne taking the accusative, Sinne the plural of Sinn, 'sense'. innen, 'within, inside', adds a second way of describing how she understood, without using her senses at all, but from inside herself."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"begriff","lemma":"begreifen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grasped"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Sinne","lemma":"Sinn","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on ohne","gloss":"senses"},{"surface":"innen","lemma":"innen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"within"}]}]}