{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"geburt-der-venus","title":{"source":"Geburt der Venus","translated":"Birth of Venus"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/geburt-der-venus","lines":63},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/alkestis","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-rosenschale","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"geburt-der-venus-s1-l1","source":"An diesem Morgen nach der Nacht, die bang","translation":"On this morning, after the night that had passed","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"An diesem Morgen","title":"an plus dative for time","body":"German names a day or part of a day with an plus the dative case: an diesem Morgen, 'on this morning'. diesem is the dative masculine form of dieser, 'this', agreeing with Morgen, 'morning'."}],"words":[{"surface":"An","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on brach","gloss":"On"},{"surface":"diesem","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Morgen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Morgen","lemma":"Morgen","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on An","gloss":"morning"},{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on An","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on vergangen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"bang","lemma":"bang","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on vergangen","gloss":"in dread"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"geburt-der-venus-s1-l2","source":"vergangen war mit Rufen, Unruh, Aufruhr,–","translation":"in dread, with cries, unrest, uproar—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vergangen war","title":"Past perfect formed with sein","body":"vergehen, 'to pass, to elapse', is a verb of change and forms its perfect tenses with sein, not haben. vergangen war is the past perfect, 'had passed', describing die Nacht, 'the night', from the line before."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Unruh, Aufruhr","title":"Unruh and Aufruhr","body":"Unruh is a shortened, poetic form of Unruhe, 'unrest, disquiet'. Aufruhr means 'uproar, turmoil'. Both are dative after mit, 'with': mit Rufen, Unruh, Aufruhr means 'with cries, unrest, uproar'."}],"words":[{"surface":"vergangen","lemma":"vergehen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on war","gloss":"passed"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vergangen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Rufen","lemma":"Ruf","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"cries"},{"surface":"Unruh","lemma":"Unruh","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"unrest"},{"surface":"Aufruhr,–","lemma":"Aufruhr","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"uproar"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"geburt-der-venus-s1-l3","source":"brach alles Meer noch einmal auf und schrie.","translation":"the whole sea broke open once more and cried out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"brach … auf","title":"Separable verb, prefix at the end","body":"aufbrechen, 'to burst open', is separable. In this main clause the prefix auf splits off and goes to the end of the clause: brach alles Meer ... auf, 'the whole sea broke open'. brach comes from brechen, 'to break'."}],"words":[{"surface":"brach","lemma":"brechen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Meer","gloss":"the whole"},{"surface":"Meer","lemma":"Meer","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on brach","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on einmal","gloss":"again","note":"noch einmal is an idiom meaning 'once more, again'."},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on brach","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on brach","gloss":"open"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on brach","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"schrie","lemma":"schreien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with brach","gloss":"cried out"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"geburt-der-venus-s1-l4","source":"Und als der Schrei sich langsam wieder schloß","translation":"And as the cry slowly closed again","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als","title":"One time past event marker","body":"German uses als, 'when', for a one time event in the past, not wenn. als is a subordinating conjunction, so it sends its verb, schloß, to the end of the clause: als der Schrei ... schloß, 'when the cry closed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on gebar","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on schloß","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schrei","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schrei","lemma":"Schrei","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of schloß","gloss":"cry"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on schloß","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"langsam","lemma":"langsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schloß","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schloß","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"schloß","lemma":"schließen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the als-clause","gloss":"closed"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"geburt-der-venus-s1-l5","source":"und von der Himmel blassem Tag und Anfang","translation":"and, from the sky's pale day and beginning,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"von der Himmel","title":"Older genitive form of Himmel","body":"Standard German forms the genitive of der Himmel, 'the sky', as des Himmels. Here Rilke uses the older form der Himmel instead, so der Himmel blassem Tag means 'the sky's pale day', with Tag itself in the dative after von."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on herabfiel","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on herabfiel","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Himmel","gloss":"the","note":"Poetic word order: the genitive noun is fronted before the noun it modifies (der Himmel blassem Tag = 'the sky's pale day')."},{"surface":"Himmel","lemma":"Himmel","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"sky's"},{"surface":"blassem","lemma":"blass","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"Tag","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"day"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Tag","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Anfang","lemma":"Anfang","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"beginning"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"geburt-der-venus-s1-l6","source":"herabfiel in der stummen Fische Abgrund–:","translation":"fell down into the abyss of the mute fish—:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"herabfiel","title":"Separable verb sent to the end","body":"herabfallen joins herab, 'down, toward the speaker', to fallen, 'to fall', meaning 'to fall down'. In this subordinate als clause the whole verb stays together at the end: als ... herabfiel, 'when it fell down'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"der stummen Fische Abgrund","title":"Genitive plural placed before its noun","body":"der stummen Fische is a genitive plural, 'of the mute fish', from stumm, 'mute', and Fisch, 'fish'. It is placed before its noun, Abgrund, 'abyss', instead of the usual order, der Abgrund der stummen Fische."}],"words":[{"surface":"herabfiel","lemma":"herabfallen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the als-clause, coordinated with schloß","gloss":"fell down"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on herabfiel","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Fische","gloss":"the","note":"Fronted genitive plural: 'der stummen Fische' = 'of the mute fish'."},{"surface":"stummen","lemma":"stumm","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Fische","gloss":"mute"},{"surface":"Fische","lemma":"Fisch","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Abgrund","gloss":"fish"},{"surface":"Abgrund–","lemma":"Abgrund","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"abyss"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"geburt-der-venus-s1-l7","source":"gebar das Meer.","translation":"the sea gave birth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s1-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gebar","title":"Strong verb, simple past","body":"gebären, 'to give birth', is a strong verb, and its simple past is gebar, 'gave birth'. das Meer, 'the sea', is its subject: gebar das Meer means 'the sea gave birth'."}],"words":[{"surface":"gebar","lemma":"gebären","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"gave birth"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Meer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Meer","lemma":"Meer","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of gebar","gloss":"sea"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"geburt-der-venus-s2-l1","source":"Von erster Sonne schimmerte der Haarschaum","translation":"In the first sunlight the hair-foam shimmered","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Haarschaum","title":"A compound noun","body":"Haarschaum joins Haar, 'hair', and Schaum, 'foam', into one word, 'hair foam'. German forms compounds this way freely, and the last part, Schaum, decides the gender, so der Haarschaum is masculine."}],"words":[{"surface":"Von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schimmerte","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"erster","lemma":"erster","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Sonne","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Sonne","lemma":"Sonne","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Von","gloss":"sunlight"},{"surface":"schimmerte","lemma":"schimmern","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"shimmered"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Haarschaum","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Haarschaum","lemma":"Haarschaum","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schimmerte","gloss":"hair-foam"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"geburt-der-venus-s2-l2","source":"der weiten Wogenscham, an deren Rand","translation":"of the wide wave-sex, on whose edge","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Wogenscham","title":"A coined compound noun","body":"Wogenscham joins Woge, 'wave', and Scham, which can mean 'shame' or, anatomically, 'the private parts', as in Schamhaar, 'pubic hair'. Rilke invents this word, so it has no listed meaning outside this poem, roughly 'wave sex'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"an deren Rand","title":"Genitive relative pronoun","body":"deren is the genitive form of the relative pronoun, here feminine singular, 'whose, of which'. an deren Rand means 'on the edge of which', referring back to Wogenscham. an plus Rand takes the dative here, marking a fixed position."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wogenscham","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"weiten","lemma":"weit","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wogenscham","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"Wogenscham","lemma":"Wogenscham","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Haarschaum","gloss":"wave-sex","note":"Rilke's coinage: Woge (wave) + Scham (pudendum) — a bold erotic image."},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufstand","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"deren","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Rand","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Rand","lemma":"Rand","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"edge"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"geburt-der-venus-s2-l3","source":"das Mädchen aufstand, weiß, verwirrt und feucht.","translation":"the girl stood up, white, bewildered and moist.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aufstand","title":"Separable verb sent to the end","body":"aufstehen, 'to stand up', is separable. This is a relative clause, so its verb goes to the end with the prefix still joined: das Mädchen aufstand, 'the girl stood up'. Mädchen is neuter because nouns ending in chen are always neuter."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mädchen","lemma":"Mädchen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of aufstand","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"aufstand","lemma":"aufstehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood up"},{"surface":"weiß","lemma":"weiß","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on Mädchen","gloss":"white"},{"surface":"verwirrt","lemma":"verwirrt","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on weiß","gloss":"bewildered"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on verwirrt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"feucht","lemma":"feucht","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on und","gloss":"moist"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"geburt-der-venus-s2-l4","source":"So wie ein junges grünes Blatt sich rührt,","translation":"Just as a young green leaf stirs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich rührt","title":"A reflexive verb form","body":"sich rühren means 'to stir, to move'. The pronoun sich, 'itself', is part of the verb, not a separate object. So wie, 'just as', opens a comparison that continues across several lines: ein Blatt sich rührt, 'a leaf stirs'."}],"words":[{"surface":"So","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on rührt","gloss":"Just"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on rührt","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blatt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"junges","lemma":"jung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blatt","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"grünes","lemma":"grün","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blatt","gloss":"green"},{"surface":"Blatt","lemma":"Blatt","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on rührt","gloss":"leaf"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on rührt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"rührt","lemma":"rühren","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the comparison clause","gloss":"stirs"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"geburt-der-venus-s2-l5","source":"sich reckt und Eingerolltes langsam aufschlägt,","translation":"stretches itself and slowly opens what was curled up,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Eingerolltes","title":"Adjective used as a noun","body":"eingerollt, 'rolled up, coiled', is the past participle of einrollen, 'to roll up'. Capitalized, it becomes the neuter noun Eingerolltes, 'that which is rolled up'. It is accusative here as the object of aufschlägt, 'opens'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aufschlägt","title":"To open out","body":"aufschlagen is a separable verb; with a leaf or a bud it means 'to open out, to unfold'. schlägt ... auf here has Eingerolltes, 'what was curled up', as its object: it opens out what was rolled up."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on reckt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"reckt","lemma":"recken","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with rührt","gloss":"stretches"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on reckt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Eingerolltes","lemma":"Eingerollte","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aufschlägt","gloss":"what was curled up"},{"surface":"langsam","lemma":"langsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on aufschlägt","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"aufschlägt","lemma":"aufschlagen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with reckt","gloss":"opens"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"geburt-der-venus-s2-l6","source":"entfaltete ihr Leib sich in die Kühle","translation":"her body unfolded into the coolness","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s2-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"entfaltete … sich","title":"Reflexive verb, to unfold","body":"sich entfalten means 'to unfold, to open out'. entfaltete is its simple past, 'unfolded'. The subject is ihr Leib, 'her body': entfaltete ihr Leib sich means 'her body unfolded'."}],"words":[{"surface":"entfaltete","lemma":"entfalten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"unfolded"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Leib","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Leib","lemma":"Leib","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of entfaltete","gloss":"body"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on entfaltete","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on entfaltete","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Kühle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kühle","lemma":"Kühle","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"coolness"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"geburt-der-venus-s2-l7","source":"hinein und in den unberührten Frühwind.","translation":"and into the untouched early wind.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s2-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"in die Kühle hinein","title":"hinein reinforces a preposition","body":"hinein is an adverb meaning 'into, inward'. It reinforces the preposition in from the line before: in die Kühle hinein means 'into the coolness', with hinein placed at the start of this line for the verse."}],"words":[{"surface":"hinein","lemma":"hinein","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on entfaltete","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hinein","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on und","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Frühwind","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"unberührten","lemma":"unberührt","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Frühwind","gloss":"untouched"},{"surface":"Frühwind","lemma":"Frühwind","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"early wind"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"geburt-der-venus-s3-l1","source":"Wie Monde stiegen klar die Kniee auf","translation":"Like moons the knees rose clearly up","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"stiegen … auf","title":"Separable verb, prefix at the end","body":"aufsteigen, 'to rise, to ascend', is separable. In this main clause auf goes to the end: stiegen ... die Kniee auf means 'the knees rose'. Kniee is an older plural spelling of Knie, 'knee'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Monde","gloss":"Like"},{"surface":"Monde","lemma":"Mond","morphology":"noun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"moons"},{"surface":"stiegen","lemma":"steigen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"klar","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"clearly"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Kniee","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kniee","lemma":"Knie","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"knees"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stiegen","gloss":"up"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"geburt-der-venus-s3-l2","source":"und tauchten in der Schenkel Wolkenränder;","translation":"and dipped into the cloud-edges of the thighs;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der Schenkel Wolkenränder","title":"Genitive plural placed before its noun","body":"der Schenkel is the genitive plural of Schenkel, 'thigh', meaning 'of the thighs'. It is placed before its noun, Wolkenränder, 'cloud edges', a compound of Wolke, 'cloud', and Rand, 'edge': 'the cloud edges of the thighs'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on tauchten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"tauchten","lemma":"tauchen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dipped"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tauchten","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Schenkel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schenkel","lemma":"Schenkel","morphology":"noun, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Wolkenränder","gloss":"thighs","note":"Fronted genitive plural: 'der Schenkel Wolkenränder' = 'the cloud-edges of the thighs'."},{"surface":"Wolkenränder","lemma":"Wolkenrand","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"cloud-edges"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"geburt-der-venus-s3-l3","source":"der Waden schmaler Schatten wich zurück,","translation":"the slender shadow of the calves drew back,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wich zurück","title":"Separable verb, prefix at the end","body":"zurückweichen, 'to draw back, to retreat', is separable. In this main clause zurück goes to the end: wich ... zurück, 'drew back'. wich comes from weichen, 'to yield, to give way'."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Waden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Waden","lemma":"Wade","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Schatten","gloss":"calves","note":"Fronted genitive plural: 'der Waden ... Schatten' = 'the shadow of the calves'."},{"surface":"schmaler","lemma":"schmal","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schatten","gloss":"slender"},{"surface":"Schatten","lemma":"Schatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of wich","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"wich","lemma":"weichen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drew back"},{"surface":"zurück","lemma":"zurück","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wich","gloss":"back"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"geburt-der-venus-s3-l4","source":"die Füße spannten sich und wurden licht,","translation":"the feet tensed and grew bright,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"licht","title":"Bright, an unusual sense","body":"licht is an adjective here meaning 'bright, luminous', not the noun das Licht, 'light'. wurden, from werden, 'to become', pairs with it: wurden licht means 'grew bright', describing die Füße, 'the feet'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Füße","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Füße","lemma":"Fuß","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on spannten","gloss":"feet"},{"surface":"spannten","lemma":"spannen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tensed"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on spannten","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on spannten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wurden","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence, coordinated with spannten","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"licht","lemma":"licht","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on wurden","gloss":"bright"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"geburt-der-venus-s3-l5","source":"und die Gelenke lebten wie die Kehlen","translation":"and the joints lived like the throats","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on lebten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Gelenke","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gelenke","lemma":"Gelenk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on lebten","gloss":"joints"},{"surface":"lebten","lemma":"leben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lived"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lebten","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Kehlen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kehlen","lemma":"Kehle","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"throats"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"geburt-der-venus-s3-l6","source":"von Trinkenden.","translation":"of those who drink.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s3-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"von Trinkenden","title":"Adjective used as a noun","body":"trinkend, 'drinking', is the present participle of trinken, 'to drink'. Used as a noun and capitalized, Trinkende means 'those who drink'. Here it is dative plural after von, 'of': von Trinkenden means 'of those who drink'."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Kehlen","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Trinkenden","lemma":"Trinkende","morphology":"noun, dative, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"those who drink"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"geburt-der-venus-s4-l1","source":"Und in dem Kelch des Beckens lag der Leib","translation":"And in the chalice of the pelvis the body lay","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kelch","title":"The noun chalice","body":"der Kelch means 'chalice, cup', the vessel used in church for wine. in dem Kelch des Beckens uses it to name des Beckens, 'of the pelvis': 'in the chalice of the pelvis'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Kelch","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kelch","lemma":"Kelch","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"chalice"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Beckens","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Beckens","lemma":"Becken","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Kelch","gloss":"pelvis"},{"surface":"lag","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Leib","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Leib","lemma":"Leib","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of lag","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"geburt-der-venus-s4-l2","source":"wie eine junge Frucht in eines Kindes Hand.","translation":"like a young fruit in a child's hand.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"eines Kindes Hand","title":"Genitive noun placed before its noun","body":"eines Kindes is the genitive of ein Kind, 'a child', meaning 'a child's'. It stands before its noun Hand, 'hand': eines Kindes Hand means 'a child's hand', instead of die Hand eines Kindes."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frucht","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"junge","lemma":"jung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frucht","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"Frucht","lemma":"Frucht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"fruit"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Frucht","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"eines","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Kindes","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Kindes","lemma":"Kind","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"child's"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"geburt-der-venus-s4-l3","source":"In seines Nabels engem Becher war","translation":"In the narrow cup of its navel there was","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"seines Nabels engem Becher","title":"Genitive noun placed before its noun","body":"seines Nabels is the genitive of sein Nabel, 'its navel', meaning 'its navel's'. It stands before its noun Becher, 'cup', which is dative after in: seines Nabels engem Becher means 'in the narrow cup of its navel'."}],"words":[{"surface":"In","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"seines","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Nabels","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Nabels","lemma":"Nabel","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Becher","gloss":"navel's"},{"surface":"engem","lemma":"eng","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Becher","gloss":"narrow"},{"surface":"Becher","lemma":"Becher","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on In","gloss":"cup"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"geburt-der-venus-s4-l4","source":"das ganze Dunkel dieses hellen Lebens.","translation":"the whole darkness of this bright life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Dunkel / hellen","title":"Dunkel and hellen","body":"das Dunkel, 'the darkness', is the adjective dunkel, 'dark', used as a noun. hellen is the genitive form of hell, 'bright, light', describing Lebens, 'of life': dieses hellen Lebens means 'of this bright life'."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ganze","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Dunkel","lemma":"Dunkel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of war","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lebens","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"hellen","lemma":"hell","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Lebens","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"Lebens","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"life"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"geburt-der-venus-s5-l1","source":"Darunter hob sich licht die kleine Welle","translation":"Below it the little wave rose bright","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hob sich","title":"Reflexive verb, to rise","body":"sich heben means 'to rise, to lift itself'. hob is its simple past: hob sich means 'rose'. Darunter, 'below it', opens the sentence, and licht here means 'bright', describing die kleine Welle, 'the little wave'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Darunter","lemma":"darunter","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hob","gloss":"Below it"},{"surface":"hob","lemma":"heben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on hob","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"licht","lemma":"licht","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on Welle","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Welle","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"kleine","lemma":"klein","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Welle","gloss":"little"},{"surface":"Welle","lemma":"Welle","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of hob","gloss":"wave"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"geburt-der-venus-s5-l2","source":"und floß beständig über nach den Lenden,","translation":"and flowed steadily over toward the loins,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"floß … über","title":"Separable verb split apart","body":"uberfliessen, 'to overflow, to flow over', is separable, so its prefix uber- splits off and goes to the end: floss bestandig uber. floss is the older spelling of floss, past tense of the strong verb fliessen, 'to flow'. nach den Lenden uses nach plus dative for direction, toward the loins."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on floß","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"floß","lemma":"fließen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flowed"},{"surface":"beständig","lemma":"beständig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on floß","gloss":"steadily"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on floß","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on floß","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"depends on Lenden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Lenden","lemma":"Lende","morphology":"noun, dative, plural","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"loins"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"geburt-der-venus-s5-l3","source":"wo dann und wann ein stilles Rieseln war.","translation":"where now and then a quiet trickling was.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dann und wann","title":"Fixed idiom for occasionally","body":"dann und wann is a fixed idiom meaning 'now and then, every so often'. ein stilles Rieseln, 'a quiet trickling', turns the verb rieseln, 'to trickle', into a neuter noun. The relative wo, 'where', points back to den Lenden in the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"wo","lemma":"wo","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"now","note":"dann und wann is an idiom meaning 'now and then, occasionally'."},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dann","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wann","lemma":"wann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Rieseln","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"stilles","lemma":"still","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Rieseln","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"Rieseln","lemma":"Rieseln","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"trickling"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"geburt-der-venus-s5-l4","source":"Durchschienen aber und noch ohne Schatten,","translation":"Shone through, though, and still without shadow,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Durchschienen","title":"Past participle with no ge-","body":"durchscheinen means 'to shine through, to be translucent'. Its prefix durch- is unstressed and stays fixed, so the verb is inseparable and its past participle drops ge-: durchschienen, 'shone through'. It is fronted here as a predicate adjective, describing die Scham two lines on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Durchschienen","lemma":"durchscheinen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on Leib","gloss":"Shone through"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Durchschienen","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Durchschienen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ohne","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on und","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Schatten","lemma":"Schatten","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ohne","gloss":"shadow"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"geburt-der-venus-s5-l5","source":"wie ein Bestand von Birken im April,","translation":"like a stand of birches in April,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bestand von Birken","title":"A stand of trees","body":"der Bestand has the forestry sense 'a stand, a growth' of trees. ein Bestand von Birken is 'a stand of birches'. von plus dative, here Birken, marks what the stand is made of."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Bestand","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Bestand","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Bestand","lemma":"Bestand","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"stand"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Bestand","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Birken","lemma":"Birke","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"birches"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Bestand","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"April","lemma":"April","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"April"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"geburt-der-venus-s5-l6","source":"warm, leer und unverborgen lag die Scham.","translation":"warm, empty and unconcealed the sex lay.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s5-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"unverborgen","title":"Un- reverses a past participle","body":"unverborgen means 'unconcealed, not hidden', from un- plus verborgen, the past participle of verbergen, 'to conceal'. It stands as a predicate adjective after warm and leer, all three describing die Scham, the grammatical subject of lag."}],"words":[{"surface":"warm","lemma":"warm","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"leer","lemma":"leer","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on warm","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on leer","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"unverborgen","lemma":"unverborgen","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on und","gloss":"unconcealed"},{"surface":"lag","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Scham","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Scham","lemma":"Scham","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"sex","note":"Scham here is the anatomical euphemism for the genitals, not \"shame.\""}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"geburt-der-venus-s6-l1","source":"Jetzt stand der Schultern rege Wage schon","translation":"Now the lively scale of the shoulders already stood","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Wage","title":"Older spelling and fronted genitive","body":"Wage is an older spelling of Waage, 'scale, balance'. der Schultern rege Wage fronts the genitive der Schultern, 'of the shoulders', before its noun Wage, so the phrase reads 'the shoulders' lively balance'. rege means 'lively, active'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"stand","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Schultern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schultern","lemma":"Schulter","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Wage","gloss":"shoulders'"},{"surface":"rege","lemma":"rege","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wage","gloss":"lively"},{"surface":"Wage","lemma":"Waage","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of stand","gloss":"scale","note":"Wage is an older/poetic spelling of Waage (\"scale, balance\")."},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"already"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"geburt-der-venus-s6-l2","source":"im Gleichgewichte auf dem graden Körper,","translation":"in equilibrium upon the straight body,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"im Gleichgewichte","title":"Archaic dative ending on a noun","body":"das Gleichgewicht, 'balance, equilibrium', here takes the old dative ending -e after in: im Gleichgewichte. This -e on masculine and neuter dative nouns now survives only in poetry and set phrases like im Grunde. graden is a poetic spelling of geraden, 'straight'."}],"words":[{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Gleichgewichte","lemma":"Gleichgewicht","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"equilibrium"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Gleichgewichte","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Körper","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"graden","lemma":"gerade","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Körper","gloss":"straight"},{"surface":"Körper","lemma":"Körper","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"body"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"geburt-der-venus-s6-l3","source":"der aus dem Becken wie ein Springbrunn aufstieg","translation":"which rose out of the pelvis like a fountain","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Springbrunn","title":"Clipped compound, verb at the end","body":"der Springbrunnen, 'a fountain', combines springen, 'to spring, leap', with Brunnen, 'well, spring'; here it is clipped to Springbrunn for the meter. The relative pronoun der, 'which', is the subject of aufstieg, the separable verb aufsteigen sent to the end of its clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of aufstieg","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufstieg","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Becken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Becken","lemma":"Becken","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"pelvis"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Springbrunn","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Springbrunn","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Springbrunn","lemma":"Springbrunn","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"fountain"},{"surface":"aufstieg","lemma":"aufsteigen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"rose"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"geburt-der-venus-s6-l4","source":"und zögernd in den langen Armen abfiel","translation":"and hesitatingly fell away down the long arms","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"abfiel","title":"Separable verb at clause end","body":"abfallen, 'to fall away, to drop off', is separable, and in this relative clause the whole verb sits at the end: in den langen Armen abfiel. zogernd, 'hesitatingly', describes how it falls."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on abfiel","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zögernd","lemma":"zögernd","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on abfiel","gloss":"hesitatingly"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on abfiel","gloss":"down"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Armen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"langen","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adjective, dative, plural","role":"depends on Armen","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Armen","lemma":"Arm","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"abfiel","lemma":"abfallen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell away"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"geburt-der-venus-s6-l5","source":"und rascher in dem vollen Kall des Haars.","translation":"and faster in the full fall of the hair.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s6-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Kall","title":"Rare word standing in for fall","body":"Kall, sometimes Gekall, is a rare, dialectal word for the rush of falling water. The parse treats it as a stand-in for Fall, 'fall, descent', matching the translation. in dem vollen Kall des Haars means 'in the full fall of the hair', des Haars being genitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on abfiel","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"rascher","lemma":"rasch","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"depends on abfiel","gloss":"faster"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on abfiel","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Kall","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"vollen","lemma":"voll","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Kall","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"Kall","lemma":"Fall","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"fall","note":"Likely a transcription slip for \"Fall\" (fall, descent); glossed accordingly to match the translation."},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Haars","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Haars","lemma":"Haar","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Kall","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"geburt-der-venus-s7-l1","source":"Dann ging sehr langsam das Gesicht vorbei:","translation":"Then very slowly the face went past:","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ging … vorbei","title":"Separable verb split by the clause","body":"vorbeigehen, 'to go past, to pass by', is separable, so its prefix vorbei- goes to the end: ging sehr langsam das Gesicht vorbei. das Gesicht, 'the face', is the subject of ging, which stands second in the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"sehr","lemma":"sehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on langsam","gloss":"very"},{"surface":"langsam","lemma":"langsam","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"slowly"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gesicht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gesicht","lemma":"Gesicht","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"vorbei","lemma":"vorbei","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"past"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"geburt-der-venus-s7-l2","source":"aus dem verkürzten Dunkel seiner Neigung","translation":"out of the foreshortened darkness of its inclination","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verkürzten","title":"Past participle used as adjective","body":"verkurzt, 'shortened, foreshortened', is the past participle of verkurzen used as an adjective, here describing Dunkel, 'darkness'. aus dem verkurzten Dunkel is dative after aus, 'out of'; seiner Neigung, 'of its inclination', is genitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"verkürzten","lemma":"verkürzt","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"foreshortened"},{"surface":"Dunkel","lemma":"Dunkel","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Neigung","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Neigung","lemma":"Neigung","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"inclination"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"geburt-der-venus-s7-l3","source":"in klares, wagrechtes Erhobensein.","translation":"into clear, horizontal raisedness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Erhobensein","title":"A phrase made into a noun","body":"erhoben sein means 'to be raised, lifted'. Here it is nominalized into one neuter noun, das Erhobensein, 'the state of being raised'. in klares, wagrechtes Erhobensein is accusative, showing motion into that state. wagrecht, modern waagerecht, means 'horizontal'."}],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"klares","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Erhobensein","gloss":"clear"},{"surface":"wagrechtes","lemma":"wagrecht","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on klares","gloss":"horizontal"},{"surface":"Erhobensein","lemma":"Erhobensein","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"raisedness","note":"A Rilke coinage: the nominalized infinitive of \"erhoben sein\" (to be raised), literally \"raisedness.\""}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"geburt-der-venus-s7-l4","source":"Und hinter ihm verschloß sich steil das Kinn.","translation":"And behind it the chin closed off steeply.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s7-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"verschloß sich","title":"Reflexive strong verb, verb second","body":"sich verschliessen means 'to close itself, to shut off'. verschliessen is strong, with past tense verschloss, spelled verschloss here in the old style. hinter ihm, 'behind it', opens the clause, so the subject das Kinn follows the verb, keeping the verb in second position."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on verschloß","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"hinter","lemma":"hinter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verschloß","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hinter","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"verschloß","lemma":"verschließen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"closed off"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on verschloß","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"steil","lemma":"steil","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verschloß","gloss":"steeply"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Kinn","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kinn","lemma":"Kinn","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on verschloß","gloss":"chin"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"geburt-der-venus-s8-l1","source":"Jetzt, da der Hals gestreckt war wie ein Strahl","translation":"Now, since the neck was stretched like a ray","stanza":8,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"da der Hals … war","title":"Da meaning since","body":"As a subordinating conjunction, da means 'since, now that', and sends its verb to the end: da der Hals gestreckt war. gestreckt war is a past-tense state passive, 'was in the state of being stretched', using sein rather than haben. Strahl means 'ray, beam, jet'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hals","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hals","lemma":"Hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"neck"},{"surface":"gestreckt","lemma":"strecken","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on war","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on da","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Strahl","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Strahl","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Strahl","lemma":"Strahl","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"ray"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"geburt-der-venus-s8-l2","source":"und wie ein Blumenstiel, darin der Saft steigt,","translation":"and like a flower-stem in which the sap rises,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s8-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"darin","title":"Pronominal adverb for in which","body":"darin fuses da(r)- with in to mean 'in it, in which, therein'. It stands for 'in which' relative to Blumenstiel, 'flower-stem': ein Blumenstiel, darin der Saft steigt. German uses these da(r)- and wo- forms instead of preposition plus relative pronoun for things."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Blumenstiel","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blumenstiel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Blumenstiel","lemma":"Blumenstiel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"flower-stem"},{"surface":"darin","lemma":"darin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"in which"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Saft","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Saft","lemma":"Saft","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"sap"},{"surface":"steigt","lemma":"steigen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (modifies Blumenstiel)","gloss":"rises"}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"geburt-der-venus-s8-l3","source":"streckten sich auch die Arme aus wie Hälse","translation":"the arms too stretched out like the necks","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s8-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"streckten sich … aus","title":"Separable and reflexive together","body":"sich ausstrecken, 'to stretch out', is both separable and reflexive: the reflexive sich stays in place while the prefix aus- moves to the end, streckten sich auch die Arme aus. streckten, plural past of strecken, agrees with the plural subject die Arme."}],"words":[{"surface":"streckten","lemma":"strecken","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stretched"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on streckten","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Arme","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Arme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Arme","lemma":"Arm","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on streckten","gloss":"arms"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"verb particle","role":"depends on streckten","gloss":"out"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Hälse","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Hälse","lemma":"Hals","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on streckten","gloss":"necks"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"geburt-der-venus-s8-l4","source":"von Schwänen, wenn sie nach dem Ufer suchen.","translation":"of swans when they search for the shore.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s8-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nach dem Ufer suchen","title":"Suchen nach plus dative","body":"suchen nach means 'to search for, to seek after'; nach governs the dative, here dem Ufer, 'the shore'. wenn sie ... suchen uses wenn, 'when, whenever', for a general, repeated situation rather than one specific moment."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Schwänen","lemma":"Schwan","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"swans"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on suchen","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on suchen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on suchen","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ufer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ufer","lemma":"Ufer","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"suchen","lemma":"suchen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the wenn-clause","gloss":"search"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l1","source":"Dann kam in dieses Leibes dunkle Frühe","translation":"Then into this body's dark early hour came","stanza":9,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dieses Leibes dunkle Frühe","title":"Fronted genitive before its noun","body":"dieses Leibes is genitive, 'of this body', placed before its noun Fruhe: dieses Leibes dunkle Fruhe, 'this body's dark early hour'. die Fruhe means 'the early morning'. The clause opens with this phrase, so the subject follows the verb kam in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"Then"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Leibes","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Leibes","lemma":"Leib","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Frühe","gloss":"body's"},{"surface":"dunkle","lemma":"dunkel","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frühe","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Frühe","lemma":"Frühe","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"early hour"}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l2","source":"wie Morgenwind der erste Atemzug.","translation":"like a morning wind the first breath.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Atemzug","title":"A compound noun for one breath","body":"der Atemzug is a single 'breath, intake of breath', literally Atem, 'breath', plus Zug, 'pull, draught'. der erste Atemzug, 'the first breath', is the subject of kam from the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Morgenwind","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Morgenwind","lemma":"Morgenwind","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"morning wind"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Atemzug","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"erste","lemma":"erster","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Atemzug","gloss":"first"},{"surface":"Atemzug","lemma":"Atemzug","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of kam","gloss":"breath"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l3","source":"Im zartesten Geäst der Aderbäume","translation":"In the most delicate branching of the vein-trees","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Aderbäume","title":"A coined compound noun","body":"Aderbaume joins Ader, 'vein', with Baum, 'tree', in the plural: 'vein-trees'. das Geast is the collective noun for the branches of a tree; im zartesten Geast is the superlative of zart, 'tender, fine', 'in the most delicate branching'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"In"},{"surface":"zartesten","lemma":"zart","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular, superlative","role":"depends on Geäst","gloss":"most delicate"},{"surface":"Geäst","lemma":"Geäst","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Im","gloss":"branching"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Aderbäume","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Aderbäume","lemma":"Aderbaum","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Geäst","gloss":"vein-trees"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l4","source":"entstand ein Flüstern, und das Blut begann","translation":"a whispering arose, and the blood began","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"entstand","title":"Strong verb of coming into being","body":"entstehen, 'to arise, to come into being', is a strong verb; its past tense is entstand. Like other verbs of change, it takes sein rather than haben in the perfect tense. entstand ein Flustern means 'a whispering arose'."}],"words":[{"surface":"entstand","lemma":"entstehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arose"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Flüstern","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Flüstern","lemma":"Flüstern","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on entstand","gloss":"whispering"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on entstand","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blut","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Blut","lemma":"Blut","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on begann","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"begann","lemma":"beginnen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"began"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l5","source":"zu rauschen über seinen tiefen Stellen.","translation":"to rush over its deep places.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"rauschen","title":"Sound verb for rushing water","body":"rauschen describes the sound of rushing water, wind in leaves, or surging blood: 'to rush, to surge, to murmur'. begann zu rauschen means 'began to rush'. uber seinen tiefen Stellen is dative after uber, marking position, 'over its deep places'."}],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on begann","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"rauschen","lemma":"rauschen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on rauschen","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"seinen","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Stellen","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"tiefen","lemma":"tief","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Stellen","gloss":"deep"},{"surface":"Stellen","lemma":"Stelle","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on über","gloss":"places"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l6","source":"Und dieser Wind wuchs an: nun warf er sich","translation":"And this wind grew: now it flung itself","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wuchs an","title":"Separable verb, prefix at the end","body":"anwachsen, 'to grow, to swell', is separable, so its prefix an- goes to the end of the main clause: dieser Wind wuchs an. wuchs is the strong past tense of wachsen, 'to grow'. After the colon, nun warf er sich begins the reflexive verb sich werfen, 'to fling oneself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wuchs","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"dieser","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wind","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Wind","lemma":"Wind","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wuchs","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"wuchs","lemma":"wachsen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"verb particle","role":"depends on wuchs","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"nun","lemma":"nun","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on warf","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"warf","lemma":"werfen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"flung"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on warf","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on warf","gloss":"itself"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l7","source":"mit allem Atem in die neuen Brüste","translation":"with all its breath into the new breasts","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"in die neuen Brüste","title":"In plus accusative for motion","body":"warf ... sich ... in die neuen Bruste means 'flung itself into the new breasts'. in takes the accusative here because it marks motion into something, so die neuen Bruste is accusative, not dative."}],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"allem","lemma":"alle","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Atem","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Atem","lemma":"Atem","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"breath"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on warf","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Brüste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"neuen","lemma":"neu","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Brüste","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"Brüste","lemma":"Brust","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"breasts"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l8","source":"und füllte sie und drückte sich in sie,–","translation":"and filled them and pressed itself into them—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"drückte sich in sie","title":"Sich drucken in plus accusative","body":"sich drucken in, 'to press oneself into', again takes the accusative for motion: in sie, 'into them', referring back to die Bruste. sie as an object is accusative here, identical in form to the nominative. The reflexive sich keeps the wind as the one acting."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on füllte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"füllte","lemma":"füllen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on füllte","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on füllte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"drückte","lemma":"drücken","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"pressed"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on drückte","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on drückte","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sie,–","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"them"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l9","source":"daß sie wie Segel, von der Ferne voll,","translation":"so that they, like sails full of the distance,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"daß sie … drängten","title":"Result clause sends verb to end","body":"dass, an older spelling of dass, means 'so that' and is subordinating, so it sends its verb, drangten in the next line, to the end of the clause. von der Ferne voll, 'full of the distance', is an inserted phrase describing the sails."}],"words":[{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on drängten","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of drängten","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Segel","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Segel","lemma":"Segel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"links the coordination","gloss":"sails"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Ferne","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ferne","lemma":"Ferne","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"distance"},{"surface":"voll","lemma":"voll","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on Segel","gloss":"full"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"geburt-der-venus-s9-l10","source":"das leichte Mädchen nach dem Strande drängten.","translation":"drove the light girl toward the shore.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s9-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nach dem Strande","title":"Nach plus dative for direction","body":"nach dem Strande, 'toward the shore', uses nach with the dative to show direction. drangten, plural past of drangen, 'to drive, to push', has das leichte Madchen as its object, 'drove the light girl'."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"leichte","lemma":"leicht","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchen","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"Mädchen","lemma":"Mädchen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on drängten","gloss":"girl"},{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on drängten","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Strande","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Strande","lemma":"Strand","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"shore"},{"surface":"drängten","lemma":"drängen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the daß-clause","gloss":"drove"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"geburt-der-venus-s10-l1","source":"So landete die Göttin.","translation":"So the goddess came ashore.","stanza":10,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s10-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"landete die Göttin","title":"Weak verb, simple past tense","body":"landen, 'to land, to come ashore', is a weak verb; its simple past is landete. die Gottin, 'the goddess', is the subject of landete, and So, 'so, thus', opens the sentence, sending the verb straight after it."}],"words":[{"surface":"So","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on landete","gloss":"So"},{"surface":"landete","lemma":"landen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came ashore"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Göttin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Göttin","lemma":"Göttin","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on landete","gloss":"goddess"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"geburt-der-venus-s11-l1","source":"Hinter ihr,","translation":"Behind her,","stanza":11,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s11-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Hinter","lemma":"hinter","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Behind"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hinter","gloss":"her"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"geburt-der-venus-s11-l2","source":"die rasch dahinschritt durch die jungen Ufer,","translation":"who strode swiftly on through the young shores,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s11-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dahinschritt","title":"Compound verb, verb second","body":"dahinschreiten, 'to stride on, to stride along', joins dahin, 'along, onward', with schreiten, 'to stride'; its past tense is dahinschritt. die, a relative pronoun, is the subject, referring back to die Gottin."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of dahinschritt","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"rasch","lemma":"rasch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on dahinschritt","gloss":"swiftly"},{"surface":"dahinschritt","lemma":"dahinschreiten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"strode on"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on dahinschritt","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Ufer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"jungen","lemma":"jung","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Ufer","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"Ufer","lemma":"Ufer","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"shores"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"geburt-der-venus-s11-l3","source":"erhoben sich den ganzen Vormittag","translation":"all morning long there rose up","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s11-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"den ganzen Vormittag","title":"Accusative for duration of time","body":"den ganzen Vormittag, 'the whole morning', is accusative because it names a stretch of time something happens over, not a location. erhoben sich, from sich erheben, 'to rise up', has its plural subject following in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"erhoben","lemma":"erheben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rose up"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on erhoben","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Vormittag","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ganzen","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Vormittag","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Vormittag","lemma":"Vormittag","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erhoben","gloss":"morning"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"geburt-der-venus-s11-l4","source":"die Blumen und die Halme, warm, verwirrt","translation":"the flowers and the grass-stalks, warm, disordered","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s11-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Halme","title":"A plural noun for grass stalks","body":"der Halm means 'a stalk, a blade', and die Halme is its plural, 'the grass-stalks'. It is coordinated with die Blumen, 'the flowers', both subjects sharing the predicate adjectives warm and verwirrt, 'disordered'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Blumen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Blumen","lemma":"Blume","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of erhoben","gloss":"flowers"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Blumen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Halme","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Halme","lemma":"Halm","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"grass-stalks"},{"surface":"warm","lemma":"warm","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on Blumen","gloss":"warm"},{"surface":"verwirrt","lemma":"verwirrt","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on Halme","gloss":"disordered"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"geburt-der-venus-s11-l5","source":"wie aus Umarmung. Und sie ging und lief.","translation":"as if from an embrace. And she walked and ran.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s11-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wie aus Umarmung","title":"Wie aus for comparison","body":"wie aus Umarmung means 'as though out of an embrace', with aus plus dative, Umarmung, marking origin. The sentence then shifts to two simple past verbs, ging and lief, 'walked' and 'ran', both from sie, 'she'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Umarmung","lemma":"Umarmung","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"an embrace"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"lief","lemma":"laufen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"ran"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"geburt-der-venus-s12-l1","source":"Am Mittag aber, in der schwersten Stunde,","translation":"But at noon, in the heaviest hour,","stanza":12,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s12-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Am Mittag aber","title":"Am plus dative for time","body":"Am Mittag, 'at noon', uses an, contracted to am, with the dative to mark a point in time. aber, 'but', here functions as an adverb rather than a conjunction. in der schwersten Stunde is the superlative of schwer, 'heavy', 'in the heaviest hour'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Am","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"Mittag","lemma":"Mittag","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Am","gloss":"noon"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Am","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Am","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stunde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"schwersten","lemma":"schwer","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular, superlative","role":"depends on Stunde","gloss":"heaviest"},{"surface":"Stunde","lemma":"Stunde","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"hour"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"geburt-der-venus-s12-l2","source":"hob sich das Meer noch einmal auf und warf","translation":"the sea heaved up once more and flung","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s12-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hob sich … auf","title":"Separable reflexive verb","body":"sich aufheben, 'to heave up, to rise up', is separable and reflexive: sich stays in place while auf moves to the end, hob sich das Meer noch einmal auf. hob is the strong past of heben, 'to lift'. und warf begins a new clause with the same subject."}],"words":[{"surface":"hob","lemma":"heben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"heaved"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on hob","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Meer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Meer","lemma":"Meer","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hob","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on einmal","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hob","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"verb particle","role":"depends on hob","gloss":"up"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hob","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"warf","lemma":"werfen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"flung"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"geburt-der-venus-s12-l3","source":"einen Delphin an jene selbe Stelle.","translation":"a dolphin onto that same place.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s12-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"an jene selbe Stelle","title":"An plus accusative for onto","body":"an jene selbe Stelle, 'onto that same place', uses an with the accusative because it marks motion onto a surface. jene, 'that', and selbe, 'same', both agree with the feminine accusative noun Stelle."}],"words":[{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Delphin","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Delphin","lemma":"Delphin","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on warf","gloss":"dolphin"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on warf","gloss":"onto"},{"surface":"jene","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stelle","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"selbe","lemma":"selber","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stelle","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"Stelle","lemma":"Stelle","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"place"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"geburt-der-venus-s12-l4","source":"Tot, rot und offen.","translation":"Dead, red and open.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/geburt-der-venus-s12-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Tot, rot und offen","title":"Three predicate adjectives in a row","body":"Tot, rot und offen, 'dead, red and open', are three predicate adjectives with no verb stated, continuing the sentence before. Predicate adjectives in German never take endings, so all three stand in their bare form."}],"words":[{"surface":"Tot","lemma":"tot","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Dead"},{"surface":"rot","lemma":"rot","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on Tot","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on rot","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"offen","lemma":"offen","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on und","gloss":"open"}]}]}