{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"irre-im-garten","title":{"source":"Irre im Garten","translated":"The Mad in the Garden"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/irre-im-garten","lines":20},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/eva","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/die-irren","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"irre-im-garten-s1-l1","source":"Noch schließt die aufgegebene Karthause","translation":"Still the abandoned charterhouse closes","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Karthause","title":"Older spelling for Carthusian monastery","body":"Kartause, spelled Karthause here, names a Carthusian monastery, a charterhouse built around an enclosed courtyard. aufgegeben is the past participle of aufgeben, 'to give up, abandon', used as an adjective meaning 'abandoned'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Noch schließt","title":"Verb-second order after an adverb","body":"German keeps the finite verb in second position: when the adverb noch, 'still, yet', opens the clause, schließt must follow immediately, before the subject die Karthause. schließen is intransitive here, 'to close, to shut around', completed by sich um den Hof in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schließt","gloss":"Still"},{"surface":"schließt","lemma":"schließen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"closes"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Karthause","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"aufgegebene","lemma":"aufgegeben","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Karthause","gloss":"abandoned"},{"surface":"Karthause","lemma":"Karthause","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on schließt","gloss":"charterhouse","note":"Karthause = a Carthusian monastery ('charterhouse')."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"irre-im-garten-s1-l2","source":"sich um den Hof, als würde etwas heil.","translation":"around the courtyard, as though something were healing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als würde etwas heil","title":"als plus subjunctive for unreal 'as though'","body":"als, 'as though', introduces a comparison that is not really so, marked by the subjunctive. würde ... heil is Konjunktiv II of werden plus heil, 'whole, healed': heil werden means 'to grow whole'. After als, ob is dropped and the verb moves right behind the conjunction."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on verb in previous line","gloss":"themselves","note":"Reflexive pronoun governed by a movement verb in the preceding line, not included in this batch."},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Hof","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hof","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Hof","lemma":"Hof","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"courtyard"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on würde","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"würde","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"etwas","lemma":"etwas","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of würde","gloss":"something"},{"surface":"heil","lemma":"heil","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on würde","gloss":"healing","note":"Literally 'whole, unharmed'; the translation renders it as 'healing.'"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"irre-im-garten-s1-l3","source":"Auch die sie jetzt bewohnen, haben Pause","translation":"Even those who now inhabit it have a pause","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Auch die sie jetzt bewohnen","title":"Relative pronoun with no antecedent noun","body":"die here is a relative pronoun meaning 'those who', with no noun before it. sie is its object: die sie jetzt bewohnen means 'those who now inhabit it'. As a subordinate clause, the verb bewohnen, 'to inhabit', falls to the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"Auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on die","gloss":"Even"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"relative pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of bewohnen","gloss":"those who"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of bewohnen","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bewohnen","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"bewohnen","lemma":"bewohnen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on haben","gloss":"inhabit"},{"surface":"haben","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"Pause","lemma":"Pause","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on haben","gloss":"a pause"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"irre-im-garten-s1-l4","source":"und nehmen nicht am Leben draußen teil.","translation":"and take no part in the life outside.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nehmen … teil","title":"Separable verb teilnehmen with an","body":"teilnehmen, 'to take part', is separable: the stem nehmen stands in second position while teil sits at the clause end, nehmen nicht ... teil. It governs an plus dative: am Leben, from an dem Leben, means 'in the life'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with haben","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nehmen","lemma":"nehmen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"take"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on nehmen","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"am","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nehmen","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on am","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"draußen","lemma":"draußen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Leben","gloss":"outside"},{"surface":"teil","lemma":"teil","morphology":"separable verb particle","role":"depends on nehmen","gloss":"part","note":"'nehmen...teil' = separable verb 'teilnehmen' (take part)."}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"irre-im-garten-s2-l1","source":"Was irgend kommen konnte, das verlief.","translation":"Whatever could ever come has run its course.","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Was irgend kommen konnte","title":"Free relative resumed by das","body":"was opens a free relative meaning 'whatever', strengthened by irgend, 'at all, possibly': was irgend kommen konnte means 'whatever could possibly come'. das then restates that clause as the subject of the main verb, verlief, from verlaufen, 'to run its course'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of kommen","gloss":"Whatever"},{"surface":"irgend","lemma":"irgend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kommen","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"kommen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on konnte","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"konnte","lemma":"können","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of relative clause","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on verlief","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"verlief","lemma":"verlaufen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran its course"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"irre-im-garten-s2-l2","source":"Nun gehn sie gerne mit bekannten Wegen","translation":"Now they gladly keep to familiar paths","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gehn … mit bekannten Wegen","title":"Adverb gern plus dative phrase","body":"gerne is the adverb 'gladly, willingly': gehn gerne means 'like to walk'. mit bekannten Wegen, 'along familiar paths', is dative plural after mit. bekannt means 'familiar, known'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nun","lemma":"nun","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gehn","gloss":"Now"},{"surface":"gehn","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"keep","note":"Elided form of 'gehen'; idiomatic here for 'keep to (a path).'"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on gehn","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"gerne","lemma":"gerne","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gehn","gloss":"gladly"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gehn","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"bekannten","lemma":"bekannt","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Wegen","gloss":"familiar"},{"surface":"Wegen","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"paths"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"irre-im-garten-s2-l3","source":"und trennen sich und kommen sich entgegen,","translation":"and part from one another and come to meet,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kommen sich entgegen","title":"Separable verb entgegenkommen with sich","body":"sich entgegenkommen, 'to come toward one another', is separable, so entgegen drops to the clause end: kommen sich entgegen. sich is reciprocal here, meaning 'each other', paired with sich trennen, 'to part from each other'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects trennen to gehn","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"trennen","lemma":"trennen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinate verb with gehn","gloss":"part"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on trennen","gloss":"from each other"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"connects kommen to trennen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"kommen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"come"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on kommen","gloss":"to each other"},{"surface":"entgegen","lemma":"entgegen","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kommen","gloss":"to meet"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"irre-im-garten-s2-l4","source":"als ob sie kreisten, willig, primitiv.","translation":"as if they circled, willing, primitive.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als ob sie kreisten","title":"als ob keeps ob before the verb","body":"als ob, 'as though', is the fuller form of als and keeps ob, so the verb goes to the end: als ob sie kreisten. kreisten is the Konjunktiv II of kreisen, 'to circle, to revolve', marking an unreal comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kreisten","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kreisten","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on kreisten","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kreisten","lemma":"kreisen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"circled"},{"surface":"willig","lemma":"willig","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"willing"},{"surface":"primitiv","lemma":"primitiv","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"primitive"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"irre-im-garten-s3-l1","source":"Zwar manche pflegen dort die Frühlingsbeete,","translation":"True, some of them tend the spring flower-beds there,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Zwar … pflegen die Frühlingsbeete","title":"zwar signals a later but","body":"zwar means 'admittedly, it is true', and usually sets up a later aber, 'but'. pflegen means 'to tend, to care for, to cultivate'. das Frühlingsbeet joins Frühling, 'spring', and Beet, 'flower-bed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Zwar","lemma":"zwar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on pflegen","gloss":"True"},{"surface":"manche","lemma":"mancher","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on pflegen","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"pflegen","lemma":"pflegen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tend"},{"surface":"dort","lemma":"dort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on pflegen","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Frühlingsbeete","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Frühlingsbeete","lemma":"Frühlingsbeet","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on pflegen","gloss":"spring flower-beds"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"irre-im-garten-s3-l2","source":"demütig, dürftig, hingekniet;","translation":"humble, meager, kneeling low;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hingekniet","title":"Past participle of a separable verb","body":"hingekniet is the past participle of the separable verb hinknien, 'to kneel down', used here as an adjective meaning 'kneeling low'. The prefix hin- marks the downward, settling motion described."}],"words":[{"surface":"demütig","lemma":"demütig","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on manche","gloss":"humble"},{"surface":"dürftig","lemma":"dürftig","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on manche","gloss":"meager"},{"surface":"hingekniet","lemma":"hinknien","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"depends on manche","gloss":"kneeling low"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"irre-im-garten-s3-l3","source":"aber sie haben, wenn es keiner sieht,","translation":"but they have, when no one is watching,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wenn es keiner sieht","title":"keiner as subject with impersonal es","body":"keiner means 'no one' and is the nominative subject of sieht, 'sees': wenn es keiner sieht means 'when no one sees'. es is a placeholder object with no clear referent, like English 'watching' with nothing named. The wenn-clause sends sieht to the end."}],"words":[{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on haben","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on haben","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"haben","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on sieht","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of sieht","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"keiner","lemma":"keiner","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sieht","gloss":"no one"},{"surface":"sieht","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on haben","gloss":"watching"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"irre-im-garten-s3-l4","source":"eine verheimlichte, verdrehte","translation":"a secret, contorted","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verheimlichte, verdrehte","title":"Past participles used as adjectives","body":"verheimlichte and verdrehte are past participles used as adjectives before the noun Gebärde in the next line. verheimlicht, from verheimlichen, 'to conceal', means 'hidden, kept secret'. verdreht, from verdrehen, 'to twist', means 'twisted, contorted'."}],"words":[{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gebärde","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"verheimlichte","lemma":"verheimlicht","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on verdrehte","gloss":"secret"},{"surface":"verdrehte","lemma":"verdreht","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gebärde","gloss":"contorted"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"irre-im-garten-s4-l1","source":"Gebärde für das zarte frühe Gras,","translation":"gesture for the tender early grass,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gebärde","title":"Noun for gesture delayed to this line","body":"die Gebärde means 'gesture, bearing, movement of the body'. It is the object of sie haben from an earlier line: 'they have a secret, contorted gesture'. für takes the accusative, so das Gras is what the gesture is for."}],"words":[{"surface":"Gebärde","lemma":"Gebärde","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"gesture"},{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Gebärde","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zarte","lemma":"zart","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gras","gloss":"tender"},{"surface":"frühe","lemma":"früh","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gras","gloss":"early"},{"surface":"Gras","lemma":"Gras","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on für","gloss":"grass"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"irre-im-garten-s4-l2","source":"ein prüfendes, verschüchtertes Liebkosen:","translation":"a testing, intimidated caress:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ein … Liebkosen","title":"Infinitive turned into a noun","body":"liebkosen, 'to caress', is capitalized here and used as a neuter noun, das Liebkosen, 'a caress'. Any German infinitive can become a noun this way. prüfend, from prüfen, 'to test', means 'testing'; verschüchtert, from verschüchtern, 'to intimidate', means 'timid, cowed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Liebkosen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"prüfendes","lemma":"prüfend","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Liebkosen","gloss":"testing"},{"surface":"verschüchtertes","lemma":"verschüchtert","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Liebkosen","gloss":"intimidated"},{"surface":"Liebkosen","lemma":"Liebkosen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"in apposition to Gebärde","gloss":"caress"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"irre-im-garten-s4-l3","source":"denn das ist freundlich, und das Rot der Rosen","translation":"for that is friendly, and the red of the roses","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"denn … das Rot der Rosen","title":"denn keeps normal word order","body":"denn is the coordinating conjunction 'for, because'; unlike weil it keeps the verb in second position, as in das ist freundlich. das Rot uses the color as a neuter noun, 'the red'. der Rosen is genitive plural, 'of the roses'."}],"words":[{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"freundlich","lemma":"freundlich","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"friendly"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with wird","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Rot","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Rot","lemma":"Rot","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wird","gloss":"red"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Rosen","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Rosen","lemma":"Rose","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Rot","gloss":"roses"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"irre-im-garten-s4-l4","source":"wird vielleicht drohend sein und Übermaß","translation":"will perhaps be threatening and excess","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Übermaß","title":"Compound noun for excess","body":"das Übermaß means 'excess, too-much-ness', literally 'over-measure', from über, 'over', and das Maß, 'measure'. drohend is the present participle of drohen, 'to threaten', used as an adjective meaning 'threatening'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"vielleicht","lemma":"vielleicht","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drohend","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"drohend","lemma":"drohend","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on sein","gloss":"threatening"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"be"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Übermaß","lemma":"Übermaß","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on sein","gloss":"excess"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"irre-im-garten-s5-l1","source":"und wird vielleicht schon wieder übersteigen,","translation":"and will perhaps once more exceed","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"übersteigen","title":"Inseparable verb for to exceed","body":"übersteigen means 'to climb over' and so 'to exceed, surpass'. Here it is inseparable, so its prefix never splits off, and it reaches forward to its object, was ihre Seele wiederkennt und weiß, in the next line. schon wieder means 'yet again'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"will"},{"surface":"vielleicht","lemma":"vielleicht","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on übersteigen","gloss":"perhaps"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on übersteigen","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on übersteigen","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"übersteigen","lemma":"übersteigen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"exceed"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"irre-im-garten-s5-l2","source":"was ihre Seele wiederkennt und weiß.","translation":"what their soul still recognizes and knows.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"was ihre Seele wiederkennt und weiß","title":"Free relative was with verbs at the end","body":"was opens a free relative meaning 'what, that which', serving as the object of übersteigen: 'exceed what their soul knows'. wiederkennen means 'to recognize again'. It pairs with weiß, from wissen, 'to know', both closing the subordinate clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of wiederkennt","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"ihre","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Seele","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Seele","lemma":"Seele","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of wiederkennt","gloss":"soul"},{"surface":"wiederkennt","lemma":"wiederkennen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"still recognizes","note":"Poetic/archaic form of 'wiedererkennen' (to recognize again)."},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wiederkennt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"weiß","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"knows"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"irre-im-garten-s5-l3","source":"Dies aber läßt sich noch verschweigen:","translation":"This, however, can still be kept unspoken:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"läßt sich … verschweigen","title":"sich lassen plus infinitive for can be","body":"läßt sich ... verschweigen is the sich lassen plus infinitive pattern, expressing 'can be done': here 'this can be kept unspoken'. läßt keeps the old spelling ß for lässt. verschweigen means 'to keep silent about, to leave unsaid'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dies","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on läßt","gloss":"This"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on läßt","gloss":"however"},{"surface":"läßt","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"can be","note":"'lassen sich + infinitive' = 'can be ...-ed' (a passive-potential construction)."},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on verschweigen","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verschweigen","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"verschweigen","lemma":"verschweigen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on läßt","gloss":"kept unspoken"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"irre-im-garten-s5-l4","source":"wie gut das Gras ist und wie leis.","translation":"how good the grass is, and how soft.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/irre-im-garten-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"leis","title":"Shortened poetic form of leise","body":"leis is the shortened, poetic form of leise, 'quiet, soft, faint', with the final -e dropped for the meter and rhyme. wie leis stands for wie leis es ist, 'how soft it is', a subordinate clause with its verb, ist, understood but omitted."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gut","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"gut","lemma":"gut","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"good"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gras","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gras","lemma":"Gras","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ist","gloss":"grass"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on leis","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"leis","lemma":"leis","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"soft","note":"Predicate adjective with elided verb: 'wie leis [es ist].'"}]}]}