{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"klage-um-jonathan","title":{"source":"Klage um Jonathan","translated":"Lament for Jonathan"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/klage-um-jonathan","lines":22},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-tod-der-geliebten","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/troestung-des-elia","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s1-l1","source":"Ach, sind auch Könige nicht von Bestand","translation":"Ah, even kings are not enduring","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"von Bestand","title":"Fixed phrase for lasting","body":"Von Bestand sein is a fixed phrase meaning 'to be lasting, to be permanent'. Der Bestand means endurance or continued existence, so nicht von Bestand means 'not enduring, not made to last'. Auch here means 'even', as in 'even kings'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ach","lemma":"ach","morphology":"interjection","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"ah"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Könige","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"Könige","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"kings"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Bestand","lemma":"Bestand","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"enduring","note":"'von Bestand sein' is an idiom meaning 'to be lasting/enduring'."}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s1-l2","source":"und dürfen hingehn wie gemeine Dinge,","translation":"and may pass away like common things,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hingehn","title":"A euphemism for dying","body":"Hingehen literally means 'to go away, to go off', but here it is a gentle euphemism meaning 'to pass away, to die'. Gemein in this line carries its older sense of 'common, ordinary', not the modern sense of 'mean, vile'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dürfen","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dürfen","lemma":"dürfen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"may"},{"surface":"hingehn","lemma":"hingehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on dürfen","gloss":"pass away"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Dinge","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"gemeine","lemma":"gemein","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Dinge","gloss":"common"},{"surface":"Dinge","lemma":"Ding","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"things"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s1-l3","source":"obwohl ihr Druck wie der der Siegelringe","translation":"though their imprint, like that of signet rings,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der der Siegelringe","title":"Doubled der, pronoun plus article","body":"The repeated der der is not a mistake. The first der stands in for der Druck, 'the imprint', meaning 'that of'. The second der is the genitive plural article of die Siegelringe, 'the signet rings'. So wie der der Siegelringe means 'like that of the signet rings'."}],"words":[{"surface":"obwohl","lemma":"obwohl","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on widerbildet","gloss":"though"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Druck","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Druck","lemma":"Druck","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of widerbildet","gloss":"imprint"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on der","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Siegelringe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Siegelringe","lemma":"Siegelring","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on der","gloss":"signet rings"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s1-l4","source":"sich widerbildet in das weiche Land.","translation":"presses its likeness into the soft earth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sich widerbilden","title":"A coined reflexive verb","body":"Sich widerbilden is built from bilden, 'to form', with the prefix wider-, 'counter, again', meaning to leave a reverse impression, as a seal does in wax. In das weiche Land takes the accusative because in marks motion into something here."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on widerbildet","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"widerbildet","lemma":"widerbilden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"imprints itself"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on widerbildet","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"weiche","lemma":"weich","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"Land","lemma":"Land","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"earth"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s2-l1","source":"Wie aber konntest du, so angefangen","translation":"But how could you, so begun","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"so angefangen","title":"Participle used as an adjective","body":"Angefangen is the past participle of anfangen, 'to begin', a separable verb from an and fangen. Detached from an auxiliary, it works as an adjective here, meaning 'so begun', that is, 'having been started in such a way'. The next line completes the thought."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on konntest","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on konntest","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"konntest","lemma":"können","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on konntest","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on angefangen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"angefangen","lemma":"anfangen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on konntest","gloss":"begun"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s2-l2","source":"mit deines Herzens Initial,","translation":"with your heart's initial,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"deines Herzens","title":"Genitive placed before its noun","body":"Deines Herzens Initial places the genitive deines Herzens before the noun it modifies, an older, poetic word order. In plain prose it would read das Initial deines Herzens, 'the initial of your heart'. Deines is the genitive of dein, 'your', agreeing with Herzens."}],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on angefangen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"deines","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Herzens","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Herzens","lemma":"Herz","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Initial","gloss":"heart's"},{"surface":"Initial","lemma":"Initial","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"initial"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s2-l3","source":"aufhören plötzlich: Wärme meiner Wangen.","translation":"break off so suddenly: warmth of my cheeks.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aufhören","title":"Meaning to stop or cease","body":"Aufhören means 'to stop, to cease, to leave off'. It completes the clause begun two lines earlier, konntest du aufhören plötzlich, 'how could you suddenly cease'. Wärme meiner Wangen, 'warmth of my cheeks', is a separate phrase of address."}],"words":[{"surface":"aufhören","lemma":"aufhören","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on konntest","gloss":"break off"},{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on aufhören","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"Wärme","lemma":"Wärme","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aufhören","gloss":"warmth"},{"surface":"meiner","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Wangen","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"Wangen","lemma":"Wange","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Wärme","gloss":"cheeks"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s2-l4","source":"O daß dich einer noch einmal","translation":"Oh that someone would beget you","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"O daß … erzeugte","title":"A wish clause with subjunctive","body":"O daß introduces a wish with a past subjunctive verb, erzeugte, in the following line: 'oh, if only someone would beget you once more'. The verb is held back to the next line, so the sentence runs on past the line break."}],"words":[{"surface":"O","lemma":"o","morphology":"interjection","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"oh"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"dich","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on einer","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"einer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on daß","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on einmal","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on einer","gloss":"once"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s2-l5","source":"erzeugte, wenn sein Samen in ihm glänzt.","translation":"once more, while his seed shines bright in him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"erzeugte","lemma":"erzeugen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"engendered"},{"surface":"wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on glänzt","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Samen","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Samen","lemma":"Samen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of glänzt","gloss":"seed"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on glänzt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"glänzt","lemma":"glänzen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on erzeugte","gloss":"shines bright"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s3-l1","source":"Irgendein Fremder sollte dich zerstören,","translation":"That some stranger should be the one to destroy you,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sollte","title":"Sollen expressing protest","body":"Sollte, the past of sollen, does not mean a polite 'should' here. It expresses 'that it should be so', a protest that irgendein Fremder, 'just any stranger', was the one dich zu zerstören, 'to destroy you'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Irgendein","lemma":"irgendein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Fremder","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"Fremder","lemma":"Fremder","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sollte","gloss":"stranger"},{"surface":"sollte","lemma":"sollen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"should"},{"surface":"dich","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, second-person, singular","role":"object of zerstören","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"zerstören","lemma":"zerstören","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on sollte","gloss":"destroy"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s3-l2","source":"und der dir innig war, ist nichts dabei","translation":"and he who was dear to you counts for nothing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"innig","title":"Meaning intimate or dear","body":"Innig means 'intimate, heartfelt, deeply bonded'. Der dir innig war, 'the one who was intimately close to you', is a relative clause with dative dir. Nichts dabei sein means 'to be nothing in it, to have no part'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of war","gloss":"he who"},{"surface":"dir","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, dative, second-person, singular","role":"depends on innig","gloss":"to you"},{"surface":"innig","lemma":"innig","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on war","gloss":"dear"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (subject of ist)","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"nothing","note":"Idiom \"(es) ist nichts dabei\" = it doesn't matter, counts for nothing."},{"surface":"dabei","lemma":"dabei","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"about it"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s3-l3","source":"und muß sich halten und die Botschaft hören;","translation":"and must hold himself together and hear the news;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"sich halten","title":"Reflexive verb for composure","body":"Sich halten here means 'to keep one's composure, to hold oneself together', using the reflexive pronoun sich. Die Botschaft means 'the message, the tidings', the report the speaker has to stand and hear."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on muß","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"muß","lemma":"müssen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"must"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on halten","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"halten","lemma":"halten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on muß","gloss":"hold together"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hören","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Botschaft","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Botschaft","lemma":"Botschaft","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hören","gloss":"news"},{"surface":"hören","lemma":"hören","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on muß","gloss":"hear"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s3-l4","source":"wie wunde Tiere auf den Lagern löhren,","translation":"as wounded animals bellow on their beds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"löhren","title":"A rare dialect verb","body":"Löhren, also spelled lären, is a rare regional verb for the loud, bellowing cry of an animal in pain. Das Lager here means an animal's resting place or lair, plural die Lager. The line compares the speaker's own cry to this sound."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on möcht","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"wunde","lemma":"wund","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Tiere","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"Tiere","lemma":"Tier","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"subject of löhren","gloss":"animals"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on löhren","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Lagern","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Lagern","lemma":"Lager","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"beds"},{"surface":"löhren","lemma":"löhren","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on möcht","gloss":"bellow"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s3-l5","source":"möcht ich mich legen mit Geschrei:","translation":"so would I lay myself down with a cry:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"möcht ich mich legen","title":"Verb-first clause with a wish","body":"Möcht ich mich legen means 'I would like to lay myself down'. Möchte, shortened to möcht, is the verb of wishing and stands first in the clause. Sich legen is reflexive, 'to lie down'. Das Geschrei means 'shouting, screaming'."}],"words":[{"surface":"möcht","lemma":"mögen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on möcht","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"mich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on legen","gloss":"myself"},{"surface":"legen","lemma":"legen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on möcht","gloss":"lay down"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on legen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Geschrei","lemma":"Geschrei","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"a cry"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s4-l1","source":"denn da und da, an meinen scheusten Orten,","translation":"for here and here, in my most private places,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"scheusten","title":"Superlative of scheu","body":"Scheusten is the superlative of scheu, 'shy, bashful'. An meinen scheusten Orten means 'at my most private places', dative plural after an. Da und da means 'here and here', pointing without naming the places directly."}],"words":[{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on bist","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on denn","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on da","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"here"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ausgerissen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"meinen","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Orten","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"scheusten","lemma":"scheu","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, plural, superlative","role":"depends on Orten","gloss":"most private"},{"surface":"Orten","lemma":"Ort","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"places"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s4-l2","source":"bist du mir ausgerissen wie das Haar,","translation":"you have been torn out of me like the hair","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bist du mir ausgerissen","title":"Separable verb with a dative","body":"Ausreißen, 'to tear out', is a separable verb; in the perfect tense it forms bist ausgerissen, 'have been torn out'. The dative mir marks the person affected by the loss, so bist du mir ausgerissen means 'you have been torn out of me'."}],"words":[{"surface":"bist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"have"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bist","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mir","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on ausgerissen","gloss":"from me"},{"surface":"ausgerissen","lemma":"ausreißen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on bist","gloss":"torn out"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Haar","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Haar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Haar","lemma":"Haar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s4-l3","source":"das in den Achselhöhlen wächst und dorten,","translation":"that grows in the armpits, and there,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"dorten","title":"Older form of dort","body":"Dorten is an archaic or dialectal form of dort, 'there', with an added -en for the meter. Die Achselhöhle means 'the armpit', literally 'the hollow of the shoulder', and appears here in the dative plural, den Achselhöhlen."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on wächst","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wächst","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Achselhöhlen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Achselhöhlen","lemma":"Achselhöhle","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"armpits"},{"surface":"wächst","lemma":"wachsen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wächst","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dorten","lemma":"dort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wächst","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s4-l4","source":"wo ich ein Spiel für Frauen war,","translation":"where I was a plaything for women,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"wo","lemma":"wo","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"where"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Spiel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Spiel","lemma":"Spiel","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"plaything"},{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Spiel","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"Frauen","lemma":"Frau","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on für","gloss":"women"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s5-l1","source":"bevor du meine dort verfitzten Sinne","translation":"before you untangled my senses, snarled there,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bevor","title":"Subordinating conjunction delaying the verb","body":"Bevor means 'before' and is a subordinating conjunction, so its verb, aufsträhntest, is held to the end of the clause in the next line. Verfitzt means 'tangled, matted, snarled', describing meine Sinne, 'my senses'."}],"words":[{"surface":"bevor","lemma":"bevor","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on aufsträhntest","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on aufsträhntest","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"meine","lemma":"mein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Sinne","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"dort","lemma":"dort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verfitzten","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"verfitzten","lemma":"verfitzt","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Sinne","gloss":"snarled"},{"surface":"Sinne","lemma":"Sinn","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on aufsträhntest","gloss":"senses"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s5-l2","source":"aufsträhntest, wie man einen Knaul entflicht;","translation":"as one unravels a tangled ball of yarn;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aufsträhnen","title":"A rare verb for untangling","body":"Aufsträhnen is a rare verb meaning to comb something out into Strähnen, 'strands', that is, to disentangle. Der Knaul, now usually spelled Knäuel, means 'a tangled ball of thread'. Entflicht, from entflechten, means 'unravels, unbraids'."}],"words":[{"surface":"aufsträhntest","lemma":"aufsträhnen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"untangled"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on entflicht","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on entflicht","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Knaul","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Knaul","lemma":"Knaul","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on entflicht","gloss":"ball of yarn"},{"surface":"entflicht","lemma":"entflechten","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on aufsträhntest","gloss":"unravels"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s5-l3","source":"da sah ich auf und wurde deiner inne:–","translation":"then I looked up and grew aware of you:—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"deiner inne werden","title":"Fixed phrase taking the genitive","body":"Einer Sache inne werden means 'to become aware of, to grow conscious of', and it governs the genitive, giving deiner, 'of you', the genitive of du. Aufsehen, 'to look up', is separable, appearing here split as sah auf."}],"words":[{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"up","note":"Separable-verb particle: sah...auf = aufsehen, \"looked up\"."},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wurde","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"grew"},{"surface":"deiner","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, genitive, second-person, singular","role":"depends on inne:–","gloss":"of you"},{"surface":"inne:–","lemma":"inne","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wurde","gloss":"aware","note":"Idiom \"jemandes inne werden\" = to become aware of someone (takes a genitive object)."}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"klage-um-jonathan-s5-l4","source":"jetzt aber gehst du mir aus dem Gesicht.","translation":"but now you go out of my sight.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/klage-um-jonathan-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aus dem Gesicht gehen","title":"Idiom for passing from sight","body":"Jemandem aus dem Gesicht gehen means 'to pass out of someone's sight'. Das Gesicht means both 'face' and, in this idiom, 'sight'. The dative mir marks the person from whose view someone disappears, giving 'you go out of my sight'."}],"words":[{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gehst","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gehst","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"gehst","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"go"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on gehst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"mir","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular","role":"depends on gehst","gloss":"my"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gehst","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gesicht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gesicht","lemma":"Gesicht","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"sight"}]}]}