{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"landschaft","title":{"source":"Landschaft","translated":"Landscape"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/landschaft","lines":20},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/auswanderer-schiff","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/roemische-campagna","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"landschaft-s1-l1","source":"Wie zuletzt, in einem Augenblick","translation":"As if at last, in a single instant","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Augenblick","title":"Compound built from eye and glance","body":"Augenblick literally means 'a glance of the eye', from Auge, 'eye', and Blick, 'look'; the German word for 'moment, instant' keeps this visual root. in einem Augenblick means 'in a single moment'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zuletzt","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"zuletzt","lemma":"zuletzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on in","gloss":"at last"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Augenblick","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Augenblick","lemma":"Augenblick","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"instant"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"landschaft-s1-l2","source":"aufgehäuft aus Hängen, Häusern, Stücken","translation":"heaped up out of slopes, houses, fragments","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aufgehäuft","title":"Past participle of a separable verb","body":"aufhäufen means 'to heap up, pile up', a separable verb, auf- plus häufen. Its past participle inserts -ge- between prefix and stem, aufgehäuft, 'heaped up'. aus takes the dative to name what it is piled from."}],"words":[{"surface":"aufgehäuft","lemma":"aufhäufen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"modifies Ortschaft (line 7)","gloss":"heaped up"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufgehäuft","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Hängen","lemma":"Hang","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"slopes"},{"surface":"Häusern","lemma":"Haus","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"houses"},{"surface":"Stücken","lemma":"Stück","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on aus; governs the genitive alter Himmel (next line)","gloss":"fragments"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"landschaft-s1-l3","source":"alter Himmel und zerbrochnen Brücken,","translation":"of old skies and broken bridges,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"alter Himmel","title":"Genitive plural after Stücken","body":"alter Himmel and zerbrochnen Brücken are genitive plurals depending on Stücken in the line above, 'fragments of old skies and broken bridges'. alter carries the strong genitive plural ending -er. zerbrochnen is the poetic contraction of zerbrochenen, 'broken'."}],"words":[{"surface":"alter","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, genitive, plural","role":"depends on Himmel","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Himmel","lemma":"Himmel","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Stücken (previous line)","gloss":"skies"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links zerbrochnen Brücken to aus (line 2)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zerbrochnen","lemma":"zerbrochen","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Brücken","gloss":"broken"},{"surface":"Brücken","lemma":"Brücke","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on aus (line 2), coordinated by und","gloss":"bridges"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"landschaft-s1-l4","source":"und von drüben her, wie vom Geschick,","translation":"and from over yonder, as if by fate,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"von drüben her","title":"Doubled directional phrase","body":"drüben means 'over there, on the far side', and von her marks motion toward the speaker. Together they give 'from over there, hither'. vom Geschick, 'by fate', treats the sunset's arrival as something destined."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on getroffen (line 5)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on getroffen (line 5)","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"drüben","lemma":"drüben","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on von","gloss":"over there"},{"surface":"her","lemma":"her","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on von, forms von...her","gloss":"hither","note":"'von drüben her' is a fixed phrase meaning 'from over yonder' — her marks motion toward the speaker."},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces a comparison, depends on getroffen (line 5)","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"vom","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on getroffen (line 5)","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"Geschick","lemma":"Geschick","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on vom","gloss":"fate"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"landschaft-s1-l5","source":"von dem Sonnenuntergang getroffen,","translation":"struck by the setting of the sun,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"getroffen","title":"Passive with von plus dative","body":"getroffen is the past participle of treffen, 'to strike, hit'. In a passive construction the agent is marked by von plus the dative, von dem Sonnenuntergang getroffen, 'struck by the sunset'. This opens a run of three participles describing the town."}],"words":[{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on getroffen","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Sonnenuntergang","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sonnenuntergang","lemma":"Sonnenuntergang","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"sunset"},{"surface":"getroffen","lemma":"treffen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"modifies Ortschaft (line 7)","gloss":"struck"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"landschaft-s1-l6","source":"angeschuldigt, aufgerissen, offen–","translation":"accused, ripped open, laid bare —","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aufgerissen","title":"Past participle of aufreißen","body":"aufgerissen is the past participle of aufreißen, 'to tear open, wrench open'; the auf- prefix carries the sense of pulling wide apart. It is paired with angeschuldigt, 'accused', and the bare adjective offen, 'open'."}],"words":[{"surface":"angeschuldigt","lemma":"anschuldigen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"modifies Ortschaft (line 7), coordinate with aufgerissen/offen","gloss":"accused"},{"surface":"aufgerissen","lemma":"aufreißen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"modifies Ortschaft (line 7), coordinate with angeschuldigt","gloss":"ripped open"},{"surface":"offen–","lemma":"offen","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"modifies Ortschaft (line 7), coordinate with angeschuldigt/aufgerissen","gloss":"laid bare"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"landschaft-s1-l7","source":"ginge dort die Ortschaft tragisch aus:","translation":"the township there would end tragically:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s1-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ginge … aus","title":"Subjunctive of a separable verb","body":"ausgehen means 'to go out, come to an end' and is separable; here its prefix aus lands at the end of the line. ginge is Konjunktiv II of gehen, giving the hypothetical 'would end', the main clause of an unreal condition."}],"words":[{"surface":"ginge","lemma":"ausgehen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"would end"},{"surface":"dort","lemma":"dort","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ginge","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Ortschaft","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ortschaft","lemma":"Ortschaft","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ginge...aus, modified by the participles in lines 2–6","gloss":"township"},{"surface":"tragisch","lemma":"tragisch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ginge","gloss":"tragically"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"particle","role":"separable prefix of ginge, forms ausgehen","gloss":"out"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"landschaft-s2-l1","source":"fiele nicht auf einmal in das Wunde,","translation":"if there did not fall all at once into the wound,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fiele nicht","title":"Unreal condition, inverted order","body":"fiele is Konjunktiv II of fallen, 'to fall'. Placed first in the clause, fiele nicht works as a condition, 'were it not that falls'. It completes the unreal sentence begun by ginge aus above. auf einmal means 'all at once'."}],"words":[{"surface":"fiele","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence; subject is jener Tropfen kühlen Blaus (line 3)","gloss":"would fall"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on fiele","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fiele, forms auf einmal","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"once","note":"'auf einmal' is an idiom meaning 'all at once, suddenly.'"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fiele","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Wunde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wunde","lemma":"wund","morphology":"adjective used as noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"wound","note":"'das Wunde' is a substantivized adjective (the sore/raw place), not the ordinary noun 'die Wunde' — hence the neuter article."}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"landschaft-s2-l2","source":"drin zerfließend, aus der nächsten Stunde","translation":"dissolving within it, out of the coming hour","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zerfließend","title":"Present participle of zerfließen","body":"zerfließend is the present participle of zerfließen, 'to dissolve, flow apart, melt away'; the prefix zer- marks scattering or undoing. drin, short for darin, 'in it', refers back to das Wunde, the wound."}],"words":[{"surface":"drin","lemma":"drin","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zerfließend","gloss":"within it"},{"surface":"zerfließend","lemma":"zerfließend","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies jener Tropfen (line 3)","gloss":"dissolving"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fiele (line 1)","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stunde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nächsten","lemma":"nächster","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stunde","gloss":"coming"},{"surface":"Stunde","lemma":"Stunde","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"hour"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"landschaft-s2-l3","source":"jener Tropfen kühlen Blaus,","translation":"that drop of cool blue,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kühlen Blaus","title":"Genitive of a noun from a color","body":"Blaus is the genitive of the neuter noun das Blau, 'the blue', a color turned into a noun; kühlen is the adjective in the same genitive. kühlen Blaus depends on Tropfen, giving 'that drop of cool blue'."}],"words":[{"surface":"jener","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tropfen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Tropfen","lemma":"Tropfen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of fiele (line 1)","gloss":"drop"},{"surface":"kühlen","lemma":"kühl","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blaus","gloss":"cool"},{"surface":"Blaus","lemma":"Blau","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Tropfen","gloss":"blue"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"landschaft-s2-l4","source":"der die Nacht schon in den Abend mischt,","translation":"which already mixes night into the evening,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der … mischt","title":"Relative clause sends verb last","body":"der is a relative pronoun, masculine, agreeing with Tropfen, introducing a subordinate clause whose verb mischt moves to the very end. in den Abend uses the accusative to show motion 'into': the drop mixes night into the evening."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of mischt; refers to Tropfen (line 3)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mischt","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on mischt","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on mischt","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Abend","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Abend","lemma":"Abend","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"evening"},{"surface":"mischt","lemma":"mischen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause (der...mischt)","gloss":"mixes"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"landschaft-s2-l5","source":"so daß das von ferne Angefachte","translation":"so that what was kindled from afar","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das … Angefachte","title":"Participle turned into a noun","body":"anfachen means 'to fan into flame, kindle'. Its past participle angefacht is turned into a neuter noun, das Angefachte, 'that which has been kindled', the sunset glow seen from afar, von ferne. so daß opens a result clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on daß","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause, depends on erlischt (line 6)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Angefachte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Angefachte","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ferne","lemma":"ferne","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on von, forms von ferne","gloss":"afar"},{"surface":"Angefachte","lemma":"anfachen","morphology":"noun (substantivized participle), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of erlischt (line 6)","gloss":"what was kindled"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"landschaft-s2-l6","source":"sachte, wie erlöst, erlischt.","translation":"softly, as if released, goes out.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s2-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wie erlöst, erlischt","title":"Two near-rhyming verbs","body":"erlöst is the participle of erlösen, 'to redeem, release'. erlischt is from erlöschen, 'to go out, be extinguished', of a light or fire. sachte means 'softly'; wie erlöst, erlischt reads 'softly, as though released, goes out'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sachte","lemma":"sachte","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erlischt","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on erlöst","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"erlöst","lemma":"erlösen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on erlischt","gloss":"released"},{"surface":"erlischt","lemma":"erlöschen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the daß-clause","gloss":"goes out"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"landschaft-s3-l1","source":"Ruhig sind die Tore und die Bogen,","translation":"Quiet are the gates and the arches,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ruhig sind die Tore","title":"Predicate adjective opens the sentence","body":"German can open a sentence with a predicate adjective for emphasis, pushing the verb to second position and the subject after it, Ruhig sind die Tore, 'Quiet are the gates'. die Tore and die Bogen are the calmed subjects."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ruhig","lemma":"ruhig","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"quiet"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Tore","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tore","lemma":"Tor","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"gates"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Tore","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Bogen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bogen","lemma":"Bogen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"arches"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"landschaft-s3-l2","source":"durchsichtige Wolken wogen","translation":"translucent clouds are surging","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wogen","title":"A verb for surging waves","body":"wogen means 'to surge, billow, heave', like waves, from die Woge, 'a wave'. durchsichtig means 'transparent, see-through', from durch, 'through', and sichtig, related to sehen, 'to see'."}],"words":[{"surface":"durchsichtige","lemma":"durchsichtig","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Wolken","gloss":"translucent"},{"surface":"Wolken","lemma":"Wolke","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on wogen","gloss":"clouds"},{"surface":"wogen","lemma":"wogen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"surge"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"landschaft-s3-l3","source":"über blassen Häuserreihn,","translation":"over pale rows of houses,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"über blassen Häuserreihn","title":"Dative after über, clipped plural","body":"über here takes the dative, blassen Häuserreihn, to mark a static location, 'over pale rows of houses'. Häuserreihn is the poetic clipped plural of Häuserreihen, trimmed to fit the meter and rhyme."}],"words":[{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wogen (previous line)","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"blassen","lemma":"blass","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Häuserreihn","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"Häuserreihn","lemma":"Häuserreihe","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on über","gloss":"rows of houses"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"landschaft-s3-l4","source":"die schon Dunkel in sich eingesogen;","translation":"that have already drunk the dark into themselves;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"eingesogen","title":"Participle with the auxiliary dropped","body":"eingesogen is the past participle of einsaugen, 'to soak in', separable, ein-ge-sogen. The relative clause drops the auxiliary haben; in full it would read die schon Dunkel in sich eingesogen haben."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of eingesogen; refers to Häuserreihn (previous line)","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on eingesogen","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"Dunkel","lemma":"Dunkel","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on eingesogen","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on eingesogen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on in","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"eingesogen","lemma":"einsaugen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"drawn in"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"landschaft-s3-l5","source":"aber plötzlich ist vom Mond ein Schein","translation":"but suddenly a gleam from the moon has","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vom Mond ein Schein","title":"A noun for a gleam of light","body":"der Schein means 'a gleam, glow, shine', from scheinen, 'to shine'. vom Mond is the fused von dem Mond, 'from the moon'. ist here is the auxiliary beginning a perfect tense that completes only in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"vom","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Mond","lemma":"Mond","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vom","gloss":"moon"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schein","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Schein","lemma":"Schein","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ist...durchgeglitten (line 6)","gloss":"gleam"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"landschaft-s3-l6","source":"durchgeglitten, licht, als hätte ein","translation":"slipped through, bright, as though an","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s3-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"durchgeglitten, als hätte","title":"Participle completes the perfect tense","body":"durchgeglitten is the participle of durchgleiten, 'to glide through', completing ist durchgeglitten, 'has slipped through'. als hätte opens an unreal comparison, 'as though', with the subjunctive hätte, finished in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"durchgeglitten","lemma":"durchgleiten","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"completes ist (line 5), predicate of Schein","gloss":"slipped through"},{"surface":"licht","lemma":"licht","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on Schein (line 5)","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on hätte","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"hätte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the als-clause","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Erzengel (line 7)","gloss":"an"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"landschaft-s3-l7","source":"Erzengel irgendwo sein Schwert gezogen.","translation":"archangel had drawn his sword somewhere.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/landschaft-s3-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Erzengel","title":"Erz- marks the highest rank","body":"Erzengel means 'archangel'. The prefix erz-, from Greek archi-, 'chief', marks the highest rank of angel. Schwert means 'sword'; gezogen, the participle of ziehen, 'to draw', completes hätte gezogen, 'had drawn'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erzengel","lemma":"Erzengel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of hätte...gezogen","gloss":"archangel"},{"surface":"irgendwo","lemma":"irgendwo","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gezogen","gloss":"somewhere"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Schwert","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Schwert","lemma":"Schwert","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on gezogen","gloss":"sword"},{"surface":"gezogen","lemma":"ziehen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the als-clause, completes hätte (line 6)","gloss":"drawn"}]}]}