{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"leda","title":{"source":"Leda","translated":"Leda"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/leda","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/kretische-artemis","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/delphine","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"leda-s1-l1","source":"Als ihn der Gott in seiner Not betrat,","translation":"When the god, in his urgency, stepped into it,","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"betrat","title":"Prefix verb taking a direct object","body":"betrat is the preterite of betreten, 'to step into, enter'. The prefix be- makes treten, 'to tread', transitive, so it takes a direct accusative object rather than a preposition: here ihn, 'it', referring to the swan-form."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Not","title":"Noun for dire urgency","body":"Not means 'distress, need, dire urgency', a pressing compulsion rather than mere wish. in seiner Not, dative after in, means 'in his urgency', a fixed phrase describing the state driving the god's action."}],"words":[{"surface":"Als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on betrat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on betrat","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of betrat","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on betrat","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Not","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Not","lemma":"Not","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"urgency"},{"surface":"betrat","lemma":"betreten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stepped into"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"leda-s1-l2","source":"erschrak er fast, den Schwall so schön zu finden;","translation":"he was almost startled to find the rush of feathers so beautiful;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"erschrak","title":"Strong verb, intransitive use","body":"erschrak is the preterite of erschrecken, 'to be frightened, take fright', a strong verb: erschrecken, erschrak, erschrocken. Used intransitively it means the subject itself is startled, 'he took fright'. fast, 'nearly', softens the claim."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Schwall","title":"Noun for a surge","body":"Schwall means 'surge, gush, swelling rush', related to schwellen, 'to swell'. It is accusative object of finden: den Schwall so schön zu finden, 'to find the rush so beautiful', naming the swan's plumage as felt from inside."}],"words":[{"surface":"erschrak","lemma":"erschrecken","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was startled"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erschrak","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erschrak","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schwall","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schwall","lemma":"Schwall","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on finden","gloss":"rush"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schön","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"schön","lemma":"schön","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on finden","gloss":"beautiful"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on finden","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"finden","lemma":"finden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on erschrak","gloss":"find"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"leda-s1-l3","source":"er ließ sich ganz verwirrt in ihm verschwinden.","translation":"wholly bewildered, he let himself vanish into it.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ließ sich … verschwinden","title":"Sich lassen plus infinitive","body":"lassen with reflexive sich and a bare infinitive means 'to let oneself do something': er ließ sich verschwinden, 'he let himself vanish'. ließ is the preterite of lassen. in ihm is dative, marking rest within the swan-form rather than motion into it."}],"words":[{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"ließ","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let","note":"Causative construction 'lassen + sich + infinitive' = 'let oneself do something.'"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verwirrt","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"verwirrt","lemma":"verwirren","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on er","gloss":"bewildered"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verschwinden","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"verschwinden","lemma":"verschwinden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"vanish"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"leda-s1-l4","source":"Schon aber trug ihn sein Betrug zur Tat,","translation":"But already his deceit was carrying him to the deed,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Betrug","title":"Noun for deceit","body":"Betrug means 'deception, fraud, deceit', naming the god's disguise. It is nominative subject of trug, the preterite of tragen, 'to carry': trug ihn sein Betrug, 'his deceit carried him'. zur Tat means 'to the deed', dative after zu."}],"words":[{"surface":"Schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on trug","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on trug","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"trug","lemma":"tragen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was carrying"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on trug","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Betrug","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Betrug","lemma":"Betrug","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of trug","gloss":"deceit"},{"surface":"zur","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on trug","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Tat","lemma":"Tat","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zur","gloss":"deed"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"leda-s2-l1","source":"bevor er noch des unerprobten Seins","translation":"before he had yet tested the feelings","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bevor","title":"Conjunction sends verb to the end","body":"bevor, 'before', is a subordinating conjunction, so its clause's verb goes to the end: here prüfte, which falls at the start of the following line. The clause bevor er ... prüfte spans the stanza break: 'before he tested'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"des unerprobten Seins","title":"Sein used as a noun","body":"das Sein is the infinitive sein, 'to be', used as a neuter noun meaning 'being, existence'. des unerprobten Seins is its genitive, 'of the untried being', depending on Gefühle in the next line. unerprobt means 'untested, untried'."}],"words":[{"surface":"bevor","lemma":"bevor","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on prüfte (s2-l2)","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of prüfte (s2-l2)","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on prüfte (s2-l2)","gloss":"yet"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Seins","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"unerprobten","lemma":"unerprobt","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Seins","gloss":"untried"},{"surface":"Seins","lemma":"Sein","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gefühle (s2-l2)","gloss":"being"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"leda-s2-l2","source":"Gefühle prüfte. Und die Aufgetane","translation":"of his untried being. And she, laid open,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die Aufgetane","title":"Participle used as a noun","body":"aufgetan is the past participle of the separable verb auftun, 'to open, throw open', from auf- plus tun. Capitalized with the article, die Aufgetane becomes a feminine noun, 'the one laid open', naming Leda by this participle."}],"words":[{"surface":"Gefühle","lemma":"Gefühl","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on prüfte","gloss":"feelings"},{"surface":"prüfte","lemma":"prüfen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"tested"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on erkannte (s2-l3)","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Aufgetane","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Aufgetane","lemma":"aufgetan","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of erkannte (s2-l3)","gloss":"laid open","note":"Substantivized participle from 'auftun' (to open) — used as an epithet for Leda, 'the one laid open.'"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"leda-s2-l3","source":"erkannte schon den Kommenden im Schwane","translation":"already knew the one coming, there in the swan,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"den Kommenden","title":"Present participle used as a noun","body":"kommend, 'coming', is the present participle of kommen, declined here as a noun: der Kommende, 'the one who comes'. Accusative den Kommenden is object of erkannte, 'knew'. Schwane is an older dative form of Schwan, 'swan'."}],"words":[{"surface":"erkannte","lemma":"erkennen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erkannte","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Kommenden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Kommenden","lemma":"kommend","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erkannte","gloss":"one coming"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Kommenden","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Schwane","lemma":"Schwan","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"swan"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"leda-s2-l4","source":"und wußte schon: er bat um eins,","translation":"and already knew: he was asking for one thing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"bat um eins","title":"Bitten um plus accusative","body":"bitten um etwas means 'to ask, beg for something', with the thing requested marked by um plus accusative. bat is the preterite of bitten. eins, 'one thing', stands as a neuter pronoun object of um. Old spelling wußte matches modern wusste."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links the coordination (erkannte s2-l3, wußte)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wußte","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bat","lemma":"bitten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on wußte","gloss":"was asking"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on bat","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"eins","lemma":"eins","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"one thing"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"leda-s3-l1","source":"das sie, verwirrt in ihrem Widerstand,","translation":"that she, confounded in her resistance,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"das sie … nicht … verbergen konnte","title":"Neuter relative pronoun","body":"das is a relative pronoun, 'which, that', referring back to eins, the one thing asked for. It opens a relative clause whose verb, verbergen konnte, falls at the end of the following line, so the clause spans the line break."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on verbergen (s3-l2, relative pronoun referring back to eins)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of konnte (s3-l2)","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"verwirrt","lemma":"verwirren","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on sie","gloss":"confounded"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verwirrt","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ihrem","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Widerstand","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Widerstand","lemma":"Widerstand","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"resistance"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"leda-s3-l2","source":"nicht mehr verbergen konnte. Er kam nieder,","translation":"could no longer hide. He came down,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"kam nieder","title":"Separable prefix goes last","body":"niederkommen, 'to come down', is a separable verb. In a finite clause the prefix nieder- breaks off and moves to the end: Er kam ... nieder means 'he came down'. verbergen means 'to hide, to conceal'."}],"words":[{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on konnte","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"verbergen","lemma":"verbergen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on konnte","gloss":"hide"},{"surface":"konnte","lemma":"können","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"He"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"nieder","lemma":"nieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"down"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"leda-s3-l3","source":"und halsend durch die immer schwächre Hand","translation":"and, necking through the ever-weakening hand,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"halsend","title":"Rare verb built from Hals","body":"halsend is the present participle of halsen, a rare verb coined from Hals, 'neck', meaning to press or wind the neck. It works adverbially, describing how the subject pushes durch die Hand, through the hand. immer schwächre is the contracted comparative of schwach, 'weak'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ließ (s4-l1)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"halsend","lemma":"halsen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on ließ (s4-l1)","gloss":"necking","note":"From the rare/coined verb 'halsen' — to embrace by the neck, describing swan-like courtship."},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on halsend","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on schwächre","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"schwächre","lemma":"schwach","morphology":"adjective, comparative, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"weaker"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"leda-s4-l1","source":"ließ sich der Gott in die Geliebte los.","translation":"the god let himself loose into his beloved.","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ließ sich … los","title":"Separable verb with reflexive","body":"loslassen, 'to let go, to release', is separable, and with the reflexive sich it means 'to let oneself go'. The prefix los- stands at the end: ließ sich der Gott ... los means 'the god let himself loose'. in die Geliebte is accusative, marking motion into her."}],"words":[{"surface":"ließ","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ließ","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Geliebte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Geliebte","lemma":"geliebt","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"beloved"},{"surface":"los","lemma":"los","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"loose","note":"Separable verb 'loslassen' (let loose), split by the clause: 'ließ ... los.'"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"leda-s4-l2","source":"Dann erst empfand er glücklich sein Gefieder","translation":"Only then, in bliss, did he feel his plumage","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dann erst","title":"Erst means only","body":"erst here means 'only, not until' rather than 'first', so Dann erst empfand er means 'only then did he feel'. Because Dann erst opens the clause, the finite verb empfand, 'felt', comes before the subject er, the normal inversion when something other than the subject leads."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gefieder","title":"Collective noun for feathers","body":"Gefieder is the collective noun for a bird's plumage, all its feathers together. The ge-...-er pattern builds such collectives from a base noun, here Feder, 'feather'. It stands as the accusative object of empfand, 'felt'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on empfand","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"erst","lemma":"erst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on empfand","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"empfand","lemma":"empfinden","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"felt"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on empfand","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"glücklich","lemma":"glücklich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on empfand","gloss":"blissfully"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gefieder","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Gefieder","lemma":"Gefieder","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on empfand","gloss":"plumage"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"leda-s4-l3","source":"und wurde wirklich Schwan in ihrem Schoß.","translation":"and truly became swan in her lap.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leda-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wurde wirklich Schwan","title":"Werden with a bare noun","body":"werden, 'to become', links a subject to a predicate noun with no article: wurde ... Schwan means 'became swan'. wurde is its simple past. wirklich, 'really, truly', modifies wurde. in ihrem Schoß is dative, 'in her lap', naming the place."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wurde","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wurde","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"became"},{"surface":"wirklich","lemma":"wirklich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wurde","gloss":"truly"},{"surface":"Schwan","lemma":"Schwan","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wurde","gloss":"swan"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wurde","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"ihrem","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schoß","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Schoß","lemma":"Schoß","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"lap"}]}]}