{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"leichenwaesche","title":{"source":"Leichenwäsche","translated":"Washing the Corpse"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/leichenwaesche","lines":22},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/fremde-familie","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/eine-von-den-alten","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"leichenwaesche-s1-l1","source":"Sie hatten sich an ihn gewöhnt. Doch als","translation":"They had grown used to him. But when","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich an ihn gewöhnt","title":"Reflexive verb sich gewöhnen with an","body":"sich an etwas gewöhnen means 'to grow accustomed to something', and governs an plus accusative: an ihn means 'to him'. The perfect is hat sich gewöhnt; here it appears as hatten sich ... gewöhnt, 'had grown used to'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hatten","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on gewöhnt","gloss":"(themselves)","note":"sich an etwas gewöhnen is an idiom meaning \"to get used to something.\""},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gewöhnt","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"ihn","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"gewöhnt","lemma":"gewöhnen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hatten","gloss":"grown used"},{"surface":"Doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on als","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"when"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"leichenwaesche-s1-l2","source":"die Küchenlampe kam und unruhig brannte","translation":"the kitchen lamp was brought and burned unsteadily","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Küchenlampe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Küchenlampe","lemma":"Küchenlampe","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of kam","gloss":"kitchen lamp"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the als-clause","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"unruhig","lemma":"unruhig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on brannte","gloss":"unsteadily"},{"surface":"brannte","lemma":"brennen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with kam","gloss":"burned"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"leichenwaesche-s1-l3","source":"im dunkeln Luftzug, war der Unbekannte","translation":"in the dark draft, the stranger was","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Luftzug","title":"Compound noun for a draft","body":"Luftzug, from Luft, 'air', and Zug, 'draught', names a current of moving air, a draft. im dunkeln Luftzug means 'in the dark draft'; dunkeln is the old dative inflection of dunkel, 'dark'."}],"words":[{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dunkeln","lemma":"dunkel","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Luftzug","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"Luftzug","lemma":"Luftzug","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"draft"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the main clause","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Unbekannte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Unbekannte","lemma":"Unbekannter","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of war","gloss":"stranger"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"leichenwaesche-s1-l4","source":"ganz unbekannt. Sie wuschen seinen Hals,","translation":"wholly unknown. They washed his neck,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Unbekannte … ganz unbekannt","title":"Noun and adjective from the same word","body":"unbekannt means 'unknown, unfamiliar'; der Unbekannte is its nominalized form, 'the unknown man, the stranger', declined like an adjective. war der Unbekannte ganz unbekannt places the noun and adjective side by side: 'the stranger was wholly unknown'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on unbekannt","gloss":"wholly"},{"surface":"unbekannt","lemma":"unbekannt","morphology":"adjective, uninflected (predicate)","role":"predicate complement of war (previous line)","gloss":"unknown"},{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wuschen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"wuschen","lemma":"waschen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"washed"},{"surface":"seinen","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hals","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Hals","lemma":"Hals","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wuschen","gloss":"neck"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"leichenwaesche-s2-l1","source":"und da sie nichts von seinem Schicksal wußten,","translation":"and since they knew nothing of his fate,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"da sie … wußten","title":"Causal da sends the verb to the end","body":"da here is a causal conjunction, 'since, because', not the adverb 'there', and it sends the verb to the end of the clause: da sie nichts ... wußten. wußten is the simple past of wissen, 'to know', printed with the old ß, modern wussten."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wußten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wußten","gloss":"since"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wußten","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"depends on wußten","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wußten","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Schicksal","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Schicksal","lemma":"Schicksal","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"fate"},{"surface":"wußten","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the da-clause","gloss":"knew"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"leichenwaesche-s2-l2","source":"so logen sie ein anderes zusamm,","translation":"they lied a different one together,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"logen … zusamm","title":"Separable verb for making up a lie","body":"zusammenlügen means 'to make up by lying, to cobble together a lie'. It is separable: in the simple past the prefix splits to the end, logen sie ... zusamm, with zusamm a clipped form of zusammen. logen is the past of lügen, 'to lie'."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on logen","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"logen","lemma":"zusammenlügen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lied"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on logen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on anderes","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"anderes","lemma":"anderer","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of logen","gloss":"different one"},{"surface":"zusamm","lemma":"zusammen","morphology":"particle, separable verb prefix","role":"separable prefix of logen (zusammenlügen)","gloss":"together","note":"zusamm is a poetic elision of zusammen, the separable prefix of zusammenlügen (\"to fabricate/make up by lying\")."}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"leichenwaesche-s2-l3","source":"fortwährend waschend. Eine mußte husten","translation":"washing all the while. One of them had to cough","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fortwährend waschend","title":"Bare present participle as adverbial","body":"waschend is the present participle of waschen, 'to wash', used adverbially here to mean 'while washing'. fortwährend means 'continually, ceaselessly'. German freely hangs such a bare participle off the main clause to show an action running alongside."}],"words":[{"surface":"fortwährend","lemma":"fortwährend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on waschend","gloss":"continually"},{"surface":"waschend","lemma":"waschen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"washing"},{"surface":"Eine","lemma":"einer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mußte","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"mußte","lemma":"müssen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had to"},{"surface":"husten","lemma":"husten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on mußte","gloss":"cough"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"leichenwaesche-s2-l4","source":"und ließ solang den schweren Essigschwamm","translation":"and meanwhile let the heavy vinegar sponge","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Essigschwamm","title":"Compound noun for a vinegar sponge","body":"Essigschwamm joins Essig, 'vinegar', and Schwamm, 'sponge'. Vinegar was used to wash and disinfect a corpse. schwer, 'heavy', describes the sponge as sodden."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ließ","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"let"},{"surface":"solang","lemma":"solang","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ließ","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Essigschwamm","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"schweren","lemma":"schwer","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Essigschwamm","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"Essigschwamm","lemma":"Essigschwamm","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"object of ließ","gloss":"vinegar sponge"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"leichenwaesche-s3-l1","source":"auf dem Gesicht. Da gab es eine Pause","translation":"rest on the face. Then there came a pause","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ließ (previous line)","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gesicht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gesicht","lemma":"Gesicht","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"face"},{"surface":"Da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gab","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"gab","lemma":"geben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on gab","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Pause","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Pause","lemma":"Pause","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on gab","gloss":"pause"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"leichenwaesche-s3-l2","source":"auch für die zweite. Aus der harten Bürste","translation":"for the second one too. From the stiff brush","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"auch","lemma":"auch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on für","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"für","lemma":"für","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on gab (previous line)","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zweite","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"zweite","lemma":"zweiter","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular (substantivized)","role":"depends on für","gloss":"second one"},{"surface":"Aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Bürste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"harten","lemma":"hart","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Bürste","gloss":"stiff"},{"surface":"Bürste","lemma":"Bürste","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Aus","gloss":"brush"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"leichenwaesche-s3-l3","source":"klopften die Tropfen; während seine grause","translation":"the drops knocked; while his ghastly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"grause","title":"Elevated adjective for ghastly","body":"graus, here inflected grause, is an elevated, poetic word for 'gruesome, ghastly', related to grausig and Grauen, 'dread'. It modifies Hand across the line break: seine grause ... Hand means 'his ghastly hand'."}],"words":[{"surface":"klopften","lemma":"klopfen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"knocked"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Tropfen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tropfen","lemma":"Tropfen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"subject of klopften","gloss":"drops"},{"surface":"während","lemma":"während","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wollte (leichenwaesche-s3-l5)","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand (leichenwaesche-s3-l4)","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"grause","lemma":"graus","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand (leichenwaesche-s3-l4)","gloss":"ghastly"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"leichenwaesche-s3-l4","source":"gekrampfte Hand dem ganzen Hause","translation":"cramped hand wanted to prove to the whole house","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dem ganzen Hause","title":"Dative object of beweisen","body":"beweisen, 'to prove', takes a dative for the person shown something: dem ganzen Hause means 'to the whole household'. The -e on Hause is an old dative ending, now archaic or poetic."}],"words":[{"surface":"gekrampfte","lemma":"gekrampft","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"cramped"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of wollte (leichenwaesche-s3-l5)","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Hause","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"ganzen","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Hause","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Hause","lemma":"Haus","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on beweisen (leichenwaesche-s3-l5)","gloss":"house"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"leichenwaesche-s3-l5","source":"beweisen wollte, daß ihn nicht mehr dürste.","translation":"that he no longer thirsted.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"daß ihn nicht mehr dürste","title":"Impersonal verb in reported speech","body":"dürsten is impersonal with an accusative person: ihn dürstet means 'he is thirsty', literally 'it thirsts him'. dürste is Konjunktiv I, present subjunctive, used in reported speech after beweisen, daß, 'to prove that'."}],"words":[{"surface":"beweisen","lemma":"beweisen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wollte","gloss":"to prove"},{"surface":"wollte","lemma":"wollen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the während-clause (subject: Hand, previous line)","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on dürste","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"ihn","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on dürste","gloss":"he","note":"ihn dürstet is an archaic impersonal construction: literally \"it thirsts him,\" meaning \"he thirsts.\""},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on dürste","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"dürste","lemma":"dürsten","morphology":"verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the daß-clause","gloss":"thirsted","note":"dürste here is the Konjunktiv I (reported-speech) form of the archaic verb dürsten, \"to thirst.\""}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"leichenwaesche-s4-l1","source":"Und er bewies. Sie nahmen wie betreten","translation":"And he proved it. As if abashed, they took","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wie betreten","title":"Adjective distinct from its verb twin","body":"As an adjective, betreten means 'embarrassed, abashed, disconcerted', distinct from the verb betreten, 'to step on'. wie betreten means 'as though abashed', describing how the women resumed their work."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on bewies","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on bewies","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"bewies","lemma":"beweisen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"proved"},{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on nahmen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"nahmen","lemma":"aufnehmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took up"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on betreten","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"betreten","lemma":"betreten","morphology":"adjective, uninflected (predicate)","role":"depends on nahmen","gloss":"abashed"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"leichenwaesche-s4-l2","source":"eiliger jetzt mit einem kurzen Huster","translation":"the work up faster now, with one short cough,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Huster","title":"Noun for a single cough","body":"Huster names one single cough, the act itself, as against Husten, coughing in general. mit einem kurzen Huster means 'with one short cough', echoing the cough that first interrupted the washing."}],"words":[{"surface":"eiliger","lemma":"eilig","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"depends on nahmen (previous line)","gloss":"more hastily"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on eiliger","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nahmen (previous line)","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Huster","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"kurzen","lemma":"kurz","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Huster","gloss":"short"},{"surface":"Huster","lemma":"Huster","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"cough"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"leichenwaesche-s4-l3","source":"die Arbeit auf, so daß an den Tapeten","translation":"so that on the wallpaper","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nahmen … die Arbeit auf","title":"Separable verb aufnehmen split by lines","body":"die Arbeit aufnehmen means 'to take up, to resume the work'. aufnehmen is separable, and in the simple past its prefix auf lands at the end of the clause, here stretched across two lines: nahmen ... die Arbeit auf. so daß then opens a result clause meaning 'so that'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Arbeit","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Arbeit","lemma":"Arbeit","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"object of nahmen (leichenwaesche-s4-l1)","gloss":"work"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"particle, separable verb prefix","role":"separable prefix of nahmen (aufnehmen)","gloss":"up","note":"auf is the separable prefix of aufnehmen (\"to take up, resume\"); its meaning belongs to nahmen two lines earlier."},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on daß","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wand (leichenwaesche-s5-l1)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wand (leichenwaesche-s5-l1)","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Tapeten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tapeten","lemma":"Tapete","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"wallpaper"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"leichenwaesche-s4-l4","source":"ihr krummer Schatten in dem stummen Muster","translation":"their crooked shadow, in the silent pattern,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schatten","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"krummer","lemma":"krumm","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schatten","gloss":"crooked"},{"surface":"Schatten","lemma":"Schatten","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of wand (leichenwaesche-s5-l1)","gloss":"shadow"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Schatten","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Muster","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"stummen","lemma":"stumm","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Muster","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"Muster","lemma":"Muster","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"pattern"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"leichenwaesche-s5-l1","source":"sich wand und wälzte wie in einem Netze,","translation":"writhed and rolled as in a net,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich wand und wälzte","title":"Two reflexive verbs sharing one sich","body":"sich winden, 'to twist, writhe', past wand, and sich wälzen, 'to roll, wallow', past wälzte, share the one reflexive sich. The subject is ihr krummer Schatten, 'their crooked shadow', from the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on wand","gloss":"(itself)","note":"sich winden is an idiom meaning \"to writhe.\""},{"surface":"wand","lemma":"winden","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: Schatten, previous line)","gloss":"writhed"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wand","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wälzte","lemma":"wälzen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with wand","gloss":"rolled"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on in","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wälzte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Netze","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Netze","lemma":"Netz","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"net"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"leichenwaesche-s5-l2","source":"bis daß die Waschenden zu Ende kamen.","translation":"until the washers came to an end.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die Waschenden","title":"Present participle turned into a noun","body":"die Waschenden is the present participle of waschen turned into a noun, 'the washing ones, the washers', declined like an adjective. bis daß means 'until', an older doubled form of modern bis. zu Ende kommen means 'to come to an end, to finish'."}],"words":[{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"until","note":"bis daß is an older, more formal variant of modern bis (\"until\")."},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Waschenden","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Waschenden","lemma":"Waschender","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"subject of kamen","gloss":"washers"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"Ende","lemma":"Ende","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"an end"},{"surface":"kamen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"leichenwaesche-s5-l3","source":"Die Nacht im vorhanglosen Fensterrahmen","translation":"The night in the curtainless window frame","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"vorhanglosen","title":"Compound adjective with -los","body":"vorhanglos joins Vorhang, 'curtain', with the suffix -los, 'without', giving 'curtainless'. Fensterrahmen means 'window frame'. im vorhanglosen Fensterrahmen means 'in the curtainless window frame'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of war (leichenwaesche-s5-l4)","gloss":"night"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Nacht","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"vorhanglosen","lemma":"vorhanglos","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Fensterrahmen","gloss":"curtainless"},{"surface":"Fensterrahmen","lemma":"Fensterrahmen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"window frame"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"leichenwaesche-s5-l4","source":"war rücksichtslos. Und einer ohne Namen","translation":"was pitiless. And one without a name","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"rücksichtslos","title":"Compound adjective with -los","body":"rücksichtslos joins Rücksicht, 'consideration, regard for others', with -los, 'without', giving 'ruthless, without regard'. Said of the night, it means 'pitiless'. einer ohne Namen means 'one without a name'."}],"words":[{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (subject: Nacht, previous line)","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"rücksichtslos","lemma":"rücksichtslos","morphology":"adjective, uninflected (predicate)","role":"predicate complement of war","gloss":"pitiless"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on einer","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"einer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on einer","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Namen","lemma":"Name","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ohne","gloss":"name"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"leichenwaesche-s5-l5","source":"lag bar und reinlich da und gab Gesetze.","translation":"lay there bare and clean, and laid down laws.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/leichenwaesche-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gab Gesetze","title":"Fixed phrase for laying down laws","body":"bar means 'bare, naked'; reinlich means 'clean, tidy'. Gesetze geben, literally 'to give laws', is a fixed phrase meaning 'to lay down the law, to dictate terms'."}],"words":[{"surface":"lag","lemma":"liegen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lay"},{"surface":"bar","lemma":"bar","morphology":"adjective, predicate use","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"bare"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates bar and reinlich","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"reinlich","lemma":"reinlich","morphology":"adjective, predicate use","role":"depends on lag, coordinated with bar","gloss":"clean"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lag","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates lag and gab","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"gab","lemma":"geben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"second main verb, coordinated with lag","gloss":"laid down","note":"Idiom: 'Gesetze geben' = to lay down the law; rendered here as 'laid down laws.'"},{"surface":"Gesetze","lemma":"Gesetz","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"direct object of gab","gloss":"laws"}]}]}