{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes","title":{"source":"Orpheus. Eurydike. Hermes","translated":"Orpheus. Eurydice. Hermes"},"section":"New Poems","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes","lines":95},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/hetaerengraeber","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/alkestis","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l1","source":"Das war der Seelen wunderliches Bergwerk.","translation":"That was the souls' strange mine.","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bergwerk","title":"A compound naming a mine","body":"das Bergwerk names an underground mine, from Berg, 'mountain', and Werk, 'works'. It is nominative neuter singular, the predicate noun after war: 'that was ... the mine'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"der Seelen","title":"A genitive placed before its noun","body":"der Seelen, 'of the souls', is genitive plural and stands in front of the noun it modifies, Bergwerk, 'mine', rather than after it: 'the souls' mine'. This order is more formal than des Bergwerks der Seelen."}],"words":[{"surface":"Das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"That"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Seelen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Seelen","lemma":"Seele","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Bergwerk","gloss":"souls'"},{"surface":"wunderliches","lemma":"wunderlich","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Bergwerk","gloss":"strange"},{"surface":"Bergwerk","lemma":"Bergwerk","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"mine"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l2","source":"Wie stille Silbererze gingen sie","translation":"Like silent veins of silver ore they went","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Silbererze","title":"A compound naming ore","body":"A compound of Silber, 'silver', and Erz, 'ore'. It is nominative plural, the predicate after gingen, 'went': wie stille Silbererze, 'like silent silver ores'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on Silbererze","gloss":"Like"},{"surface":"stille","lemma":"still","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Silbererze","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"Silbererze","lemma":"Silbererz","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on gingen","gloss":"silver ore"},{"surface":"gingen","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on gingen","gloss":"they"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l3","source":"als Adern durch sein Dunkel. Zwischen Wurzeln","translation":"as veins through its darkness. Between roots","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Adern","title":"A body-part word for a seam","body":"die Ader means 'vein', either in a body or, as here, a seam running through rock or earth. Adern is nominative plural after als, 'as': 'as veins through its darkness'."}],"words":[{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on gingen (s1-l2)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Adern","lemma":"Ader","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on als","gloss":"veins"},{"surface":"durch","lemma":"durch","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Adern","gloss":"through"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Dunkel","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"Dunkel","lemma":"Dunkel","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on durch","gloss":"darkness"},{"surface":"Zwischen","lemma":"zwischen","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on entsprang (next line)","gloss":"Between"},{"surface":"Wurzeln","lemma":"Wurzel","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Zwischen","gloss":"roots"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l4","source":"entsprang das Blut, das fortgeht zu den Menschen,","translation":"the blood sprang up that goes off to mankind,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"entsprang","title":"entspringen, 'to spring forth'","body":"entspringen means 'to spring up, originate', often said of a river's source. entsprang is its past tense, third-person singular: das Blut entsprang, 'the blood sprang up'."}],"words":[{"surface":"entsprang","lemma":"entspringen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sprang up"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blut","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Blut","lemma":"Blut","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on entsprang","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on fortgeht","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"fortgeht","lemma":"fortgehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"relative-clause verb, modifies Blut","gloss":"goes off"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fortgeht","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Menschen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Menschen","lemma":"Mensch","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"mankind"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l5","source":"und schwer wie Porphyr sah es aus im Dunkel.","translation":"and heavy as porphyry it looked in the dark.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sah ... aus","title":"aussehen, 'to look, appear'","body":"aussehen is a separable verb meaning 'to look, appear'. In this clause the prefix aus is split off and placed at the end: sah ... aus, past tense third-person singular, 'it looked'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on entsprang (previous line)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"schwer","lemma":"schwer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on schwer","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Porphyr","lemma":"Porphyr","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"porphyry"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"aussehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"appeared","note":"aus is the separable prefix of aussehen (\"to look, appear\"); sah ... aus wraps around es, together meaning \"it looked/appeared.\""},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Dunkel","lemma":"Dunkel","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l6","source":"Sonst war nichts Rotes.","translation":"Otherwise there was nothing red.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nichts Rotes","title":"nichts plus a capitalized adjective","body":"After nichts, 'nothing', an adjective is capitalized and takes a noun ending: Rotes, 'red thing'. nichts Rotes means 'nothing red', treating the adjective the way a noun would be treated."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sonst","lemma":"sonst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"Otherwise"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"depends on war","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"Rotes","lemma":"rot","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on nichts","gloss":"red"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l1","source":"Felsen war da","translation":"There were rocks","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Felsen","lemma":"Felsen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"rocks","note":"Felsen is singular here (\"der Felsen\" = a boulder), matching the singular verb war; the translation pluralizes to \"rocks\" for natural English."},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"there"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l2","source":"und wesenlose Wälder. Brücken über Leeres","translation":"and bodiless forests. Bridges over the void","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"wesenlose","title":"wesenlos, 'without substance'","body":"wesenlos combines Wesen, 'being, essence', with the negating suffix -los, 'without', giving 'lacking being, bodiless'. It is nominative plural here, agreeing with Wälder, 'forests'."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"Leeres","title":"An adjective made into a noun","body":"leer means 'empty'. Capitalized and given a noun ending, Leeres means 'an empty thing, emptiness, the void'. Here it is accusative singular, the object of über, 'over'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war (previous line)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wesenlose","lemma":"wesenlos","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Wälder","gloss":"bodiless"},{"surface":"Wälder","lemma":"Wald","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on war (previous line), coordinate subject with Felsen","gloss":"forests"},{"surface":"Brücken","lemma":"Brücke","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"Bridges"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Brücken","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Leeres","lemma":"leer","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"the void"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l3","source":"und jener große, graue, blinde Teich,","translation":"and that great, grey, blind pool","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"jener","title":"An emphatic demonstrative","body":"jener is a demonstrative meaning 'that, those', more emphatic than der. Here it is nominative masculine singular, agreeing with Teich, 'pool', the noun it introduces."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with Brücken (previous line)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jener","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Teich","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"große","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Teich","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"graue","lemma":"grau","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on große","gloss":"grey"},{"surface":"blinde","lemma":"blind","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on graue","gloss":"blind"},{"surface":"Teich","lemma":"Teich","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war (elided, previous lines)","gloss":"pool"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l4","source":"der über seinem fernen Grunde hing","translation":"that hung above its distant bed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"über seinem ... Grunde","title":"über plus dative meaning 'above'","body":"When über describes a fixed position rather than motion toward something, it takes the dative: seinem fernen Grunde, 'its distant bed'. This matches the static sense of hing, 'hung'."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hing","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hing","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"seinem","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Grunde","gloss":"its"},{"surface":"fernen","lemma":"fern","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Grunde","gloss":"distant"},{"surface":"Grunde","lemma":"Grund","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"hing","lemma":"hängen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hung"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l5","source":"wie Regenhimmel über einer Landschaft.","translation":"like rain-sky over a landscape.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on hing (previous line)","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Regenhimmel","lemma":"Regenhimmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"rain-sky"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Regenhimmel","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Landschaft","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Landschaft","lemma":"Landschaft","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"landscape"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l6","source":"Und zwischen Wiesen, sanft und voller Langmut,","translation":"And between meadows, soft and full of patience,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Langmut","title":"A compound naming patience","body":"die Langmut combines lang, 'long', with Mut, 'spirit, courage', to mean 'long-suffering patience'. It is genitive singular here after voller, 'full of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on erschien (next line)","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"zwischen","lemma":"zwischen","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on erschien (next line)","gloss":"between"},{"surface":"Wiesen","lemma":"Wiese","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on zwischen","gloss":"meadows"},{"surface":"sanft","lemma":"sanft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Wiesen","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sanft","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"voller","lemma":"voll","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on und","gloss":"full of","note":"voller (\"full of\") is voll with a fixed genitive-governing ending, not a comparative or preposition."},{"surface":"Langmut","lemma":"Langmut","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on voller","gloss":"patience"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l7","source":"erschien des einen Weges blasser Streifen","translation":"appeared the one path's pale strip","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"des einen Weges","title":"A genitive of the path","body":"des einen Weges, 'of the one path', is genitive masculine singular, depending on Streifen, 'strip': 'the one path's pale strip'. The genitive precedes the noun it belongs to."}],"words":[{"surface":"erschien","lemma":"erscheinen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"appeared"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weges","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weges","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Weges","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Streifen","gloss":"path's"},{"surface":"blasser","lemma":"blass","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Streifen","gloss":"pale"},{"surface":"Streifen","lemma":"Streifen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on erschien","gloss":"strip"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l8","source":"wie eine lange Bleiche hingelegt.","translation":"laid down like a long bleaching-cloth.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s2-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Bleiche","title":"A noun naming a bleaching-strip","body":"die Bleiche names a strip of ground, often cloth, laid out to bleach in the sun. It is accusative singular here, the object of wie, 'like', comparing the path to such a laid-out strip."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on hingelegt","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Bleiche","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"lange","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Bleiche","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Bleiche","lemma":"Bleiche","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on hingelegt","gloss":"bleaching-cloth","note":"Bleiche literally names a bleaching-ground (grass laid out for sun-bleaching linen); rendered here as \"bleaching-cloth.\""},{"surface":"hingelegt","lemma":"hinlegen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"participial modifier of Streifen (previous line)","gloss":"laid down"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s3-l1","source":"Und dieses einen Weges kamen sie.","translation":"And along this one path they came.","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dieses einen Weges","title":"Genitive naming the route taken","body":"dieses einen Weges, 'of this one path', is genitive masculine singular, used adverbially to say the route by which they came, without a preposition. It answers 'along which way'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weges","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weges","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Weges","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"kamen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on kamen","gloss":"they"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l1","source":"Voran der schlanke Mann im blauen Mantel,","translation":"In front the slender man in the blue cloak,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Voran","title":"An adverb of position","body":"voran is an adverb meaning 'in front, ahead, leading the way'. It opens the sentence and is followed directly by der schlanke Mann, 'the slender man', the one going first."}],"words":[{"surface":"Voran","lemma":"voran","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Mann","gloss":"In front"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mann","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"schlanke","lemma":"schlank","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mann","gloss":"slender"},{"surface":"Mann","lemma":"Mann","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Mann","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"blauen","lemma":"blau","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mantel","gloss":"blue"},{"surface":"Mantel","lemma":"Mantel","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"cloak"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l2","source":"der stumm und ungeduldig vor sich aussah.","translation":"who looked mutely and impatiently ahead.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vor sich aussah","title":"vor sich aussehen, 'to look ahead'","body":"vor sich means 'ahead of oneself', and aussehen here means 'to look, appear' in a direction rather than 'to look like'. vor sich aussah, past tense, describes looking straight ahead."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aussah","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"stumm","lemma":"stumm","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on aussah","gloss":"mutely"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stumm","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ungeduldig","lemma":"ungeduldig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"impatiently"},{"surface":"vor","lemma":"vor","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aussah","gloss":"ahead"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on vor","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"aussah","lemma":"aussehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"looked"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l3","source":"Ohne zu kauen fraß sein Schritt den Weg","translation":"Without chewing, his stride devoured the path","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Ohne zu kauen","title":"ohne zu plus infinitive","body":"ohne zu, 'without ... -ing', is followed by a bare infinitive rather than a participle: ohne zu kauen, 'without chewing'. German always uses zu plus the infinitive after ohne, never a gerund."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kauen","gloss":"Without"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on kauen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"kauen","lemma":"kauen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on fraß","gloss":"chewing"},{"surface":"fraß","lemma":"fressen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"devoured"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schritt","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Schritt","lemma":"Schritt","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fraß","gloss":"stride"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weg","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Weg","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fraß","gloss":"path"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l4","source":"in großen Bissen; seine Hände hingen","translation":"in great bites; his hands hung","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fraß (previous line)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"großen","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Bissen","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Bissen","lemma":"Bissen","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"bites"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Hände","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Hände","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on hingen","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"hingen","lemma":"hängen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hung"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l5","source":"schwer und verschlossen aus dem Fall der Falten","translation":"heavy and closed from the fall of the folds","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verschlossen","title":"A participle used as adverb","body":"verschlossen is the past participle of verschließen, 'to lock, close up', used here as an adverb alongside schwer, 'heavy'. Both describe how the fall of the folds looked, 'heavy and closed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"schwer","lemma":"schwer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hingen (previous line)","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on schwer","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"verschlossen","lemma":"verschlossen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"closed"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hingen (previous line)","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Fall","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Fall","lemma":"Fall","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Falten","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Falten","lemma":"Falte","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Fall","gloss":"folds"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l6","source":"und wußten nicht mehr von der leichten Leier,","translation":"and no longer knew of the light lyre,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wußten ... von","title":"wissen von, 'to know of'","body":"wissen, 'to know', takes von, 'of', plus dative when its object is a thing rather than a fact: von der leichten Leier, 'of the light lyre'. nicht mehr negates it, 'no longer knew of'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on wußten","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wußten","lemma":"wissen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"coordinate main verb with hingen (s4-l4)","gloss":"knew"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on wußten","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wußten","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Leier","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"leichten","lemma":"leicht","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Leier","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"Leier","lemma":"Leier","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"lyre"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l7","source":"die in die Linke eingewachsen war","translation":"that had grown into the left hand","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"eingewachsen war","title":"einwachsen, 'to grow into'","body":"einwachsen means 'to grow into, become embedded in'. Its past participle eingewachsen combines with war, forming the past perfect: 'had grown into'. die Linke, 'the left hand', is what it grew into."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on eingewachsen","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Linke","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Linke","lemma":"link","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"left hand"},{"surface":"eingewachsen","lemma":"einwachsen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on war","gloss":"grown"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l8","source":"wie Rosenranken in den Ast des Ölbaums.","translation":"like rose-tendrils into the olive tree's branch.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"des Ölbaums","title":"Ölbaum, 'olive tree'","body":"der Ölbaum combines Öl, 'oil', with Baum, 'tree'. Here it is genitive singular, des Ölbaums, 'of the olive tree', depending on Ast, 'branch'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on Rosenranken","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Rosenranken","lemma":"Rosenranke","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rose-tendrils"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Rosenranken","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ast","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ast","lemma":"Ast","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"branch"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ölbaums","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ölbaums","lemma":"Ölbaum","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ast","gloss":"olive tree's"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l9","source":"Und seine Sinne waren wie entzweit:","translation":"And his senses were as if split in two:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s4-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"entzweit","title":"An adverb from a phrase","body":"entzweit comes from entzwei, 'in two, asunder', made into a participle-like adverb. wie entzweit means 'split in two', describing the state of seine Sinne, 'his senses'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"seine","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Sinne","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Sinne","lemma":"Sinn","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"senses"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"entzweit","lemma":"entzweit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"split in two"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l1","source":"indes der Blick ihm wie ein Hund vorauslief,","translation":"while his gaze ran on ahead like a dog,","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"indes","title":"An older word for while","body":"indes is a subordinating conjunction meaning 'while', introducing a clause of simultaneous action, here der Blick ihm ... vorauslief, 'his gaze ran on ahead'. It functions like während but is older and more literary."}],"words":[{"surface":"indes","lemma":"indes","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of vorauslief","gloss":"while"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Blick","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Blick","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of vorauslief","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"dative of possession with Blick","gloss":"his","note":"Literally \"to him\" — the dative marks whose gaze it is."},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction (comparative)","role":"introduces the comparison ein Hund","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Hund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Hund","lemma":"Hund","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"comparison to Blick (like a dog runs ahead)","gloss":"dog"},{"surface":"vorauslief","lemma":"vorauslaufen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the indes-clause","gloss":"ran ahead"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l2","source":"umkehrte, kam und immer wieder weit","translation":"turned back, came, and again and again stood far off","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"umkehrte","lemma":"umkehren","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vorauslief (subject: der Blick)","gloss":"turned back"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vorauslief","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links kam and stand (next segment)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wieder","gloss":"ever","note":"immer wieder = again and again."},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stand (next segment)","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"weit","lemma":"weit","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies stand (next segment)","gloss":"far off"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l3","source":"und wartend an der nächsten Wendung stand,–","translation":"and waiting at the next bend,—","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wartend","title":"A participle used adverbially","body":"wartend is the present participle of warten, 'to wait', used adverbially to describe an accompanying action: 'waiting, he stood'. It stands beside und, joining it to the main verb stand, 'stood'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links weit and wartend","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"wartend","lemma":"warten","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"predicative participle with stand","gloss":"waiting"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Wendung","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Wendung","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nächsten","lemma":"nächst","morphology":"adjective, superlative, dative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Wendung","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Wendung","lemma":"Wendung","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition an","gloss":"bend"},{"surface":"stand,–","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with vorauslief (subject: der Blick)","gloss":"stood"}]},{"number":28,"label":"28","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l4","source":"blieb sein Gehör wie ein Geruch zurück.","translation":"his hearing stayed behind like a smell.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"blieb ... zurück","title":"zurückbleiben, 'to stay behind'","body":"zurückbleiben is a separable verb meaning 'to remain behind, lag'. Its past tense splits the prefix to the end: blieb ... zurück, third-person singular, 'stayed behind'."}],"words":[{"surface":"blieb","lemma":"zurückbleiben","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (separable: blieb ... zurück)","gloss":"stayed"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Gehör","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Gehör","lemma":"Gehör","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of blieb","gloss":"hearing"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction (comparative)","role":"introduces the comparison ein Geruch","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Geruch","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Geruch","lemma":"Geruch","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"comparison to Gehör","gloss":"smell"},{"surface":"zurück","lemma":"zurück","morphology":"particle","role":"separable prefix of zurückbleiben (blieb)","gloss":"behind"}]},{"number":29,"label":"29","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l5","source":"Manchmal erschien es ihm, als reichte es","translation":"Sometimes it seemed to him as though it reached","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als reichte es","title":"als plus subjunctive, 'as though'","body":"als introducing a comparison of something unreal or only apparent is followed by the subjunctive: reichte, from reichen, 'to reach', rather than the indicative reichte in a factual sense. It means 'as though it reached'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Manchmal","lemma":"manchmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies erschien","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"erschien","lemma":"erscheinen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of erschien (his hearing)","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"indirect object of erschien","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the clause of reichte (als + subjunctive = as though)","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"reichte","lemma":"reichen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the als-clause","gloss":"reached"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of reichte","gloss":"it"}]},{"number":30,"label":"30","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l6","source":"bis an das Gehen jener beiden andern,","translation":"as far as the walking of those two others,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"das Gehen","title":"Gehen, an infinitive used as a noun","body":"das Gehen turns the infinitive gehen, 'to walk', into a neuter noun, 'the walking'. Here it is accusative singular, the object of bis an, 'up to': 'up to the walking of those two others'."}],"words":[{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"preposition","role":"combines with an (bis an = as far as)","gloss":"up","note":"bis an + accusative = as far as, right up to."},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Gehen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Gehen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gehen","lemma":"Gehen","morphology":"noun (nominalized infinitive), accusative, neuter, singular","role":"object of preposition an","gloss":"walking"},{"surface":"jener","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"determiner of andern","gloss":"of those"},{"surface":"beiden","lemma":"beide","morphology":"determiner, genitive, plural","role":"quantifies andern","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"andern","lemma":"andere","morphology":"pronoun (substantivized), genitive, plural","role":"genitive attribute of Gehen","gloss":"others"}]},{"number":31,"label":"31","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l7","source":"die folgen sollten diesen ganzen Aufstieg.","translation":"who were to follow this whole ascent.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"folgen sollten","title":"sollen, 'to be supposed to'","body":"sollten is the past tense of the modal verb sollen, third-person plural, meaning 'were to, were supposed to'. It pairs with the infinitive folgen, 'to follow', which stays at the end of the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun (relative), nominative, plural","role":"subject of sollten, refers to beiden andern","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"folgen","lemma":"folgen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of sollten","gloss":"follow"},{"surface":"sollten","lemma":"sollen","morphology":"modal verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"were to"},{"surface":"diesen","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Aufstieg","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"ganzen","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Aufstieg","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Aufstieg","lemma":"Aufstieg","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"accusative of extent with folgen (follow along this whole ascent)","gloss":"ascent"}]},{"number":32,"label":"32","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l8","source":"Dann wieder wars nur seines Steigens Nachklang","translation":"Then again it was only the echo of his own climbing","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Nachklang","title":"A compound naming an echo","body":"der Nachklang combines nach, 'after', with Klang, 'sound', to mean 'the sound left over, an echo'. It is nominative singular here, the subject of wars, 'it was'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wars","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wars","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"wars","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular (contraction of war + es)","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"it was","note":"wars = war es (\"it was\")."},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb (focus particle)","role":"modifies Nachklang","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"seines","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Steigens","gloss":"of his"},{"surface":"Steigens","lemma":"Steigen","morphology":"noun (nominalized infinitive), genitive, neuter, singular","role":"preposed genitive attribute of Nachklang","gloss":"climbing"},{"surface":"Nachklang","lemma":"Nachklang","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"predicate complement of wars","gloss":"echo"}]},{"number":33,"label":"33","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l9","source":"und seines Mantels Wind, was hinter ihm war.","translation":"and the wind of his cloak, what was behind him.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links Nachklang and Wind","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"seines","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Mantels","gloss":"of his"},{"surface":"Mantels","lemma":"Mantel","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"preposed genitive attribute of Wind","gloss":"cloak"},{"surface":"Wind","lemma":"Wind","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"coordinated with Nachklang, predicate complement of wars","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"was","lemma":"was","morphology":"pronoun (relative), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of war, sums up Nachklang und Wind","gloss":"what"},{"surface":"hinter","lemma":"hinter","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking ihm","gloss":"behind"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition hinter","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the was-clause","gloss":"was"}]},{"number":34,"label":"34","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l10","source":"Er aber sagte sich, sie kämen doch;","translation":"But he told himself they were coming after all;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sie kämen","title":"kämen, subjunctive of kommen","body":"kämen is the past subjunctive of kommen, 'to come', third-person plural, used to report a thought rather than a fact. sagte sich, sie kämen means 'told himself they were coming', without asserting it as true."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of sagte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction (postpositive)","role":"contrasts the clause with the preceding","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"sagte","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"told"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"indirect object of sagte (said to himself)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kämen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kämen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the object clause of sagte","gloss":"were coming","note":"Subjunctive of reported speech — his own reassurance, not a stated fact."},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kämen","gloss":"after all"}]},{"number":35,"label":"35","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l11","source":"sagte es laut und hörte sich verhallen.","translation":"said it aloud and heard himself fade away.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verhallen","title":"A verb for a fading sound","body":"verhallen means 'to fade away, die out', said of a sound. It appears here as an infinitive after hörte sich, 'heard himself': hörte sich verhallen, 'heard himself fade away'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sagte","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sagte (s5-l10), subject er elided","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of sagte","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"laut","lemma":"laut","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies sagte","gloss":"aloud"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links sagte and hörte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hörte","lemma":"hören","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"coordinated with sagte","gloss":"heard"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"object of hörte and subject of verhallen (heard himself fade)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"verhallen","lemma":"verhallen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of hörte","gloss":"fade away"}]},{"number":36,"label":"36","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l12","source":"Sie kämen doch, nur wärens zwei,","translation":"They were coming after all, only it was two of them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wärens","title":"A fused subjunctive and pronoun","body":"wärens fuses wären, subjunctive plural of sein, 'to be', with es, 'it': 'it were'. nur wärens zwei means 'only it was two of them', keeping the subjunctive of the reported thought before it."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"subject of kämen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"kämen","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence (still his inner speech)","gloss":"were coming"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"particle","role":"modifies kämen","gloss":"after all"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb (focus particle)","role":"modifies wärens","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"wärens","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, plural (contraction of wären + es)","role":"main verb of the second clause","gloss":"it was","note":"wärens = wären es (\"there were\")."},{"surface":"zwei","lemma":"zwei","morphology":"numeral","role":"predicate complement of wärens","gloss":"two"}]},{"number":37,"label":"37","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l13","source":"die furchtbar leise gingen. Dürfte er","translation":"who walked dreadfully softly. If he were allowed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Dürfte er","title":"dürfte, subjunctive of dürfen","body":"dürfte is the past subjunctive of dürfen, 'to be allowed to', third-person singular. Dürfte er ... sich wenden means 'if he were allowed to turn', marking the wish as hypothetical rather than real."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun (relative), nominative, plural","role":"subject of gingen, refers to zwei","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"furchtbar","lemma":"furchtbar","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies leise","gloss":"dreadfully"},{"surface":"leise","lemma":"leise","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies gingen","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"gingen","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"walked"},{"surface":"Dürfte","lemma":"dürfen","morphology":"modal verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the conditional clause (verb-first = \"if he were allowed\")","gloss":"were allowed","note":"Verb-first word order marks a condition: Dürfte er... = If he were permitted..."},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of Dürfte","gloss":"he"}]},{"number":38,"label":"38","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l14","source":"sich einmal wenden (wäre das Zurückschaun","translation":"to turn around just once (were the looking-back","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Zurückschaun","title":"Zurückschaun, an infinitive as noun","body":"Zurückschaun nominalizes zurückschauen, 'to look back', into a neuter noun, 'the looking back'. Here it is nominative singular, the subject of wäre, 'would be'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"object of wenden (turn himself)","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies wenden","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"wenden","lemma":"wenden","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of Dürfte (s5-l13)","gloss":"turn"},{"surface":"wäre","lemma":"sein","morphology":"verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the parenthetical conditional (verb-first = \"were...\")","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Zurückschaun","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Zurückschaun","lemma":"Zurückschauen","morphology":"noun (nominalized infinitive), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wäre","gloss":"looking-back","note":"Contracted from Zurückschauen."}]},{"number":39,"label":"39","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l15","source":"nicht die Zersetzung dieses ganzen Werkes,","translation":"not the undoing of this whole work,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Zersetzung","title":"A noun built on a verb","body":"die Zersetzung comes from zersetzen, 'to decompose, break down', with the noun suffix -ung. Here it names the undoing of dieses ganzen Werkes, 'this whole work', that a backward glance would cause."}],"words":[{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"negates die Zersetzung","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Zersetzung","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Zersetzung","lemma":"Zersetzung","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"predicate complement of wäre (s5-l14)","gloss":"undoing"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"determiner of Werkes","gloss":"of this"},{"surface":"ganzen","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"modifies Werkes","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Werkes","lemma":"Werk","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"genitive attribute of Zersetzung","gloss":"work"}]},{"number":40,"label":"40","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l16","source":"das erst vollbracht wird), müßte er sie sehen,","translation":"that is only now being accomplished), he would have to see them,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l16.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"müßte er","title":"müßte, subjunctive of müssen","body":"müßte is the past subjunctive of müssen, 'must, have to', third-person singular. It expresses a necessity that would follow from an unreal condition: 'he would have to see them'."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun (relative), nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of wird, refers to Werkes","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"erst","lemma":"erst","morphology":"adverb","role":"modifies vollbracht wird","gloss":"only now"},{"surface":"vollbracht","lemma":"vollbringen","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"passive participle with wird","gloss":"accomplished"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"passive auxiliary of vollbracht, finite verb of the relative clause","gloss":"is being"},{"surface":"müßte","lemma":"müssen","morphology":"modal verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence (apodosis of Dürfte er...)","gloss":"would have to"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of müßte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"direct object of sehen (the two behind him)","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"sehen","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"infinitive complement of müßte","gloss":"see"}]},{"number":41,"label":"41","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l17","source":"die beiden Leisen, die ihm schweigend nachgehn:","translation":"the two quiet ones, who follow him in silence:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s5-l17.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nachgehn","title":"nachgehen, 'to follow, go after'","body":"nachgehen is a separable verb meaning 'to follow, go after', taking a dative object: ihm, 'him'. Here it appears unsplit, nachgehn, because it stands at the end of a relative clause: die ... nachgehn, 'who follow him'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"determiner of Leisen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"beiden","lemma":"beide","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"quantifies Leisen","gloss":"two"},{"surface":"Leisen","lemma":"Leise","morphology":"noun (substantivized adjective), accusative, plural","role":"in apposition to sie (s5-l16)","gloss":"quiet ones"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun (relative), nominative, plural","role":"subject of nachgehn","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"dative object of nachgehn (nachgehen + dative)","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"schweigend","lemma":"schweigen","morphology":"verb, present participle (adverbial)","role":"modifies nachgehn","gloss":"in silence"},{"surface":"nachgehn","lemma":"nachgehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"follow","note":"Contracted from nachgehen."}]},{"number":42,"label":"42","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l1","source":"den Gott des Ganges und der weiten Botschaft,","translation":"the god of the journey and of the far message,","stanza":6,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Botschaft","title":"A noun naming a message","body":"die Botschaft means 'message, embassy'. Here it is genitive singular, der weiten Botschaft, 'of the far message', describing the god as one who carries word across distances."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Gott","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to die beiden Leisen (s5-l17) — the first of the two: Hermes","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Ganges","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Ganges","lemma":"Gang","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"genitive attribute of Gott","gloss":"journey"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links Ganges and Botschaft","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Botschaft","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"weiten","lemma":"weit","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Botschaft","gloss":"far"},{"surface":"Botschaft","lemma":"Botschaft","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"coordinated with Ganges, genitive attribute of Gott","gloss":"message"}]},{"number":43,"label":"43","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l2","source":"die Reischaube über hellen Augen,","translation":"the travelling-hood above bright eyes,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Reischaube","title":"Reisehaube, 'travelling hood'","body":"A compound of Reise, 'travel, journey', and Haube, 'hood, cap'. The parses spell it Reischaube, likely a scribal contraction of Reisehaube; it is accusative singular here, the object of an earlier verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Reischaube","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Reischaube","lemma":"Reisehaube","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to Gott (his hood, continuing the description)","gloss":"travelling-hood","note":"Poetically contracted from Reisehaube."},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Augen","gloss":"above"},{"surface":"hellen","lemma":"hell","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, plural","role":"modifies Augen","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"Augen","lemma":"Auge","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"object of preposition über (location, dative)","gloss":"eyes"}]},{"number":44,"label":"44","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l3","source":"den schlanken Stab hertragend vor dem Leibe","translation":"carrying the slender staff before his body","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l3.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Stab","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"schlanken","lemma":"schlank","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"modifies Stab","gloss":"slender"},{"surface":"Stab","lemma":"Stab","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"direct object of hertragend","gloss":"staff"},{"surface":"hertragend","lemma":"hertragen","morphology":"verb, present participle","role":"participial phrase describing Gott","gloss":"carrying"},{"surface":"vor","lemma":"vor","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Leibe","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"determiner of Leibe","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Leibe","lemma":"Leib","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"object of preposition vor","gloss":"body","note":"The -e is an archaic dative ending."}]},{"number":45,"label":"45","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l4","source":"und flügelschlagend an den Fußgelenken;","translation":"and beating wings at his ankles;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"flügelschlagend","title":"A compound participle","body":"flügelschlagend joins Flügel, 'wing', with the participle of schlagen, 'to beat', into one word, 'wing-beating'. It functions as an adjective, describing something happening an den Fußgelenken, 'at the ankles'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"links hertragend and flügelschlagend","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"flügelschlagend","lemma":"flügelschlagen","morphology":"verb, present participle (poetic compound: Flügel + schlagen)","role":"participial phrase describing Gott, coordinated with hertragend","gloss":"beating wings"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Fußgelenken","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"determiner of Fußgelenken","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Fußgelenken","lemma":"Fußgelenk","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"object of preposition an","gloss":"ankles"}]},{"number":46,"label":"46","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l5","source":"und seiner linken Hand gegeben: sie.","translation":"and given to his left hand: she.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"seiner linken Hand gegeben","title":"A dative object of geben","body":"geben, 'to give', takes a dative recipient: seiner linken Hand, 'to his left hand'. gegeben is its past participle, and sie, 'she', follows as the accusative object given."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"continues the enumeration of what he would see","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"seiner","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Hand","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"linken","lemma":"link","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, singular","role":"modifies Hand","gloss":"left"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"indirect object of gegeben","gloss":"hand"},{"surface":"gegeben","lemma":"geben","morphology":"verb, past participle","role":"participial phrase describing sie (entrusted to his left hand)","gloss":"given"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to die beiden Leisen — the second of the two: Eurydice","gloss":"she"}]},{"number":47,"label":"47","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l6","source":"Die So-geliebte, daß aus einer Leier","translation":"The so-beloved, that out of one lyre","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Die So-geliebte, daß","title":"So-geliebte, a coined title","body":"So-geliebte joins so, 'so', with the participle geliebte, 'beloved', hyphenated into a single noun, 'the so-beloved one'. It is nominative feminine singular, naming Eurydice by this description rather than her name."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of So-geliebte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"So-geliebte","lemma":"So-geliebte","morphology":"noun (substantivized participle), nominative, feminine, singular","role":"in apposition to sie (s6-l5), opening the new sentence","gloss":"so-beloved","note":"Rilke's coinage: \"the one loved so much\" — the daß-clause that follows measures how much."},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"introduces the result clause (so loved THAT more lament came — verb in the next segment)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"preposition marking Leier","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"determiner of Leier","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"Leier","lemma":"Leier","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"object of preposition aus","gloss":"lyre"}]},{"number":48,"label":"48","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l7","source":"mehr Klage kam als je aus Klagefrauen;","translation":"more lament came than ever from mourning-women;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Klage / Klagefrauen","title":"Klage and Klagefrauen","body":"die Klage means 'lament, complaint'. Klagefrauen compounds it with Frauen, 'women', to name professional mourning-women hired to lament the dead; it is dative plural here after aus, 'from'."}],"words":[{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"determiner, comparative","role":"depends on Klage","gloss":"more"},{"surface":"Klage","lemma":"Klage","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of kam","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"depends on mehr","gloss":"than"},{"surface":"je","lemma":"je","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on als","gloss":"ever"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Klagefrauen","lemma":"Klagefrau","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"mourning-women"}]},{"number":49,"label":"49","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l8","source":"daß eine Welt aus Klage ward, in der","translation":"that a world arose out of lament, in which","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ward","title":"An old past-tense form","body":"ward is an archaic past-tense form of werden, 'to become, arise', equivalent to the modern wurde. eine Welt ... ward means 'a world arose', third-person singular."}],"words":[{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on ward","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Welt","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Welt","lemma":"Welt","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ward","gloss":"world"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ward","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"Klage","lemma":"Klage","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"lament"},{"surface":"ward","lemma":"werden","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"arose","note":"Archaic poetic form of \"wurde\" (past tense of werden)."},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war (s6-l9)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"which"}]},{"number":50,"label":"50","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l9","source":"alles noch einmal da war: Wald und Tal","translation":"everything was there once more: wood and valley","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"alles","lemma":"alle","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of war","gloss":"everything"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on einmal","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"einmal","lemma":"einmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"there"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Wald","lemma":"Wald","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to alles","gloss":"wood"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Wald","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tal","lemma":"Tal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"valley"}]},{"number":51,"label":"51","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l10","source":"und Weg und Ortschaft, Feld und Fluß und Tier;","translation":"and path and village, field and river and beast;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Wald und Tal und Weg ...","title":"A list joined without commas","body":"The line strings nouns together with und, 'and', repeated between each pair rather than using commas: Weg und Ortschaft, Feld und Fluß und Tier. This repeated und, not a missing conjunction, is what asyndeton usually names, so here it is more precisely polysyndeton, several ands in a row."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"continues list from Tal (s6-l9)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Weg","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to alles","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Weg","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Ortschaft","lemma":"Ortschaft","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"village"},{"surface":"Feld","lemma":"Feld","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Weg","gloss":"field"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Feld","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Fluß","lemma":"Fluß","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"river"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Fluß","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Tier","lemma":"Tier","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"beast"}]},{"number":52,"label":"52","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l11","source":"und daß um diese Klage-Welt ganz so","translation":"and that around this lament-world, just as","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l11.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"coordinates with daß (s6-l8)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on ging (s6-l13)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging (s6-l13)","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"diese","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Klage-Welt","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Klage-Welt","lemma":"Klage-Welt","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"lament-world"},{"surface":"ganz","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on so","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"correlates with wie (s6-l12)","gloss":"as"}]},{"number":53,"label":"53","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l12","source":"wie um die andre Erde eine Sonne","translation":"as around the other earth, a sun","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l12.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ganz so wie","title":"wie introducing a comparison","body":"wie here means 'as', opening a comparison that likely continues with a matching so or ganz so wie, 'just as', elsewhere in the sentence. um die andre Erde, 'around the other earth', describes what the sun moves around."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"conjunction, comparative","role":"correlates with so (s6-l11)","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging (s6-l13)","gloss":"around"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Erde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"andre","lemma":"andere","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Erde","gloss":"other"},{"surface":"Erde","lemma":"Erde","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on um","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Sonne","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Sonne","lemma":"Sonne","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of ging (s6-l13)","gloss":"sun"}]},{"number":54,"label":"54","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l13","source":"und ein gestirnter stiller Himmel ging,","translation":"and a starred, silent sky went round,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l13.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gestirnter","title":"gestirnt, 'starred, starry'","body":"gestirnt is an adjective built from Gestirn, 'star, constellation', meaning 'starred, set with stars'. It is nominative masculine singular, agreeing with Himmel, 'sky'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Himmel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"gestirnter","lemma":"gestirnt","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Himmel","gloss":"starred"},{"surface":"stiller","lemma":"still","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Himmel","gloss":"silent"},{"surface":"Himmel","lemma":"Himmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ging, coordinate with Sonne","gloss":"sky"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went round"}]},{"number":55,"label":"55","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l14","source":"ein Klage-Himmel mit entstellten Sternen–:","translation":"a lament-sky with disfigured stars—:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l14.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"entstellten","title":"entstellt, 'disfigured'","body":"entstellt is the past participle of entstellen, 'to disfigure, distort', used as an adjective. It is dative plural, entstellten, agreeing with Sternen, 'stars'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Klage-Himmel","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Klage-Himmel","lemma":"Klage-Himmel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Himmel (s6-l13)","gloss":"lament-sky"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Klage-Himmel","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"entstellten","lemma":"entstellt","morphology":"adjective, dative, plural","role":"depends on Sternen–","gloss":"disfigured"},{"surface":"Sternen–","lemma":"Stern","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"stars"}]},{"number":56,"label":"56","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l15","source":"diese So-geliebte.","translation":"this so-beloved one.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s6-l15.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"diese So-geliebte","title":"A repeated coined noun","body":"diese So-geliebte, 'this so-beloved one', is nominative feminine singular and repeats the coined noun So-geliebte introduced earlier for Eurydice. Only the demonstrative changes, from die to diese."}],"words":[{"surface":"diese","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on So-geliebte","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"So-geliebte","lemma":"So-geliebte","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"so-beloved one"}]},{"number":57,"label":"57","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l1","source":"Sie aber ging an jenes Gottes Hand,","translation":"But she went at that god's hand,","stanza":7,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Sie aber","title":"aber placed after the pronoun","body":"aber, 'but', can stand after the word it contrasts rather than at the start of the clause: Sie aber, 'She, however' or 'But she'. This placement is common in German for a mild, delayed contrast."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"jenes","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gottes","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Gottes","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Hand","gloss":"god's"},{"surface":"Hand","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"hand"}]},{"number":58,"label":"58","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l2","source":"den Schritt beschränkt von langen Leichenbändern,","translation":"her step hemmed in by long grave-bands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Leichenbändern","title":"A compound naming burial wrappings","body":"A compound of Leiche, 'corpse', and Band, 'band, ribbon', naming the wrappings bound around a body for burial. It is dative plural here, the object of von, 'by': 'hemmed in by long grave-bands'."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schritt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schritt","lemma":"Schritt","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on beschränkt","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"beschränkt","lemma":"beschränken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hemmed in"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on beschränkt","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"langen","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Leichenbändern","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Leichenbändern","lemma":"Leichenband","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"grave-bands"}]},{"number":59,"label":"59","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l3","source":"unsicher, sanft und ohne Ungeduld.","translation":"uncertain, gentle, and without impatience.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ohne Ungeduld","title":"ohne plus accusative","body":"ohne, 'without', takes the accusative: Ungeduld, 'impatience', is accusative feminine singular. ohne Ungeduld means 'without impatience'."}],"words":[{"surface":"unsicher","lemma":"unsicher","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging (s7-l1)","gloss":"uncertain"},{"surface":"sanft","lemma":"sanft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on unsicher","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sanft","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on und","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Ungeduld","lemma":"Ungeduld","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ohne","gloss":"impatience"}]},{"number":60,"label":"60","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l4","source":"Sie war in sich wie eine hoher Hoffnung","translation":"She was within herself as in a high hope","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"in sich","title":"A phrase meaning inwardly","body":"in sich means 'within oneself, inwardly'. Here sich is dative, agreeing with the feminine subject sie, 'she': Sie war in sich, 'she was within herself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on in","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Hoffnung","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hoffnung","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"hoher","lemma":"hoch","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Hoffnung","gloss":"high","note":"Uses the ending \"-er\" where standard German expects \"hohe\" to agree with feminine Hoffnung — a textual variant."},{"surface":"Hoffnung","lemma":"Hoffnung","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"hope"}]},{"number":61,"label":"61","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l5","source":"und dachte nicht des Mannes, der voranging,","translation":"and did not think of the man who walked ahead,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dachte nicht des Mannes","title":"denken governs a genitive here","body":"denken normally takes an, 'of, about', but here it takes a genitive object instead: des Mannes, 'of the man'. This genitive construction with denken is an older, more formal alternative to denken an."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dachte","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dachte","lemma":"denken","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"thought"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on dachte","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mannes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mannes","lemma":"Mann","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on dachte","gloss":"man"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on voranging","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"voranging","lemma":"vorangehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"walked ahead"}]},{"number":62,"label":"62","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l6","source":"und nicht des Weges, der ins Leben aufstieg.","translation":"nor of the path that climbed up into life.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"aufstieg","title":"aufsteigen, 'to climb, ascend'","body":"aufsteigen is a separable verb meaning 'to climb up, rise'. aufstieg is its past tense, third-person singular, here unsplit because it ends a relative clause: der ... aufstieg, 'that climbed up'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on dachte (s7-l5)","gloss":"nor"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on dachte (s7-l5)","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weges","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Weges","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on dachte (s7-l5)","gloss":"path"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aufstieg","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"ins","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufstieg","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Leben","lemma":"Leben","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ins","gloss":"life"},{"surface":"aufstieg","lemma":"aufsteigen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"climbed up"}]},{"number":63,"label":"63","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l7","source":"Sie war in sich. Und ihr Gestorbensein","translation":"She was within herself. And her being-dead","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Gestorbensein","title":"A nominalized phrase","body":"Gestorbensein nominalizes gestorben sein, 'to have died, be dead', into a single neuter noun, 'her being-dead'. It is nominative singular, the subject of the sentence continuing into the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on in","gloss":"herself"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Gestorbensein","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gestorbensein","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Gestorbensein","lemma":"Gestorbensein","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of erfüllte (s7-l8)","gloss":"being dead"}]},{"number":64,"label":"64","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l8","source":"erfüllte sie wie Fülle.","translation":"filled her like fullness.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"erfüllte ... Fülle","title":"erfüllen and Fülle share a root","body":"erfüllte, past tense of erfüllen, 'to fill, fulfill', and Fülle, 'fullness, abundance', both come from voll, 'full'. erfüllte sie wie Fülle means 'filled her like fullness'."}],"words":[{"surface":"erfüllte","lemma":"erfüllen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"filled"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on erfüllte","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Fülle","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"Fülle","lemma":"Fülle","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on erfüllte","gloss":"fullness"}]},{"number":65,"label":"65","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l9","source":"Wie eine Frucht von Süßigkeit und Dunkel,","translation":"Like a fruit of sweetness and dark,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l9.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"Wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on Frucht","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frucht","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Frucht","lemma":"Frucht","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"fruit"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Frucht","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Süßigkeit","lemma":"Süßigkeit","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"sweetness"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Süßigkeit","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Dunkel","lemma":"Dunkel","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"dark"}]},{"number":66,"label":"66","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l10","source":"so war sie voll von ihrem großen Tode,","translation":"so was she full of her great death,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l10.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"von ihrem großen Tode","title":"von plus dative naming the cause","body":"voll von takes the dative to name what someone is full of: ihrem großen Tode, 'her great death', dative masculine singular. voll von ihrem großen Tode means 'full of her great death'."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"voll","lemma":"voll","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"full"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on voll","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"ihrem","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tode","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"großen","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tode","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Tode","lemma":"Tod","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"death"}]},{"number":67,"label":"67","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l11","source":"der also neu war, daß sie nichts begriff.","translation":"which was so new that she grasped nothing.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s7-l11.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"also neu ... daß","title":"An older use of also","body":"also here is an older use meaning 'so, thus', not the English 'also'. It pairs with daß, 'that', to form a result clause: also neu war, daß sie nichts begriff, 'was so new that she grasped nothing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"also","lemma":"also","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"so","note":"False friend: German \"also\" means \"so/thus,\" not English \"also.\""},{"surface":"neu","lemma":"neu","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"begriff","lemma":"begreifen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the daß-clause","gloss":"grasped"}]},{"number":68,"label":"68","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l1","source":"Sie war in einem neuen Mädchentum","translation":"She was in a new maidenhood","stanza":8,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Mädchentum","title":"A noun built with -tum","body":"Mädchen, 'girl', combines with the suffix -tum, which names a state or condition, to form Mädchentum, 'the state of being a girl'. It is dative singular here after in, 'in'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchentum","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"neuen","lemma":"neu","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mädchentum","gloss":"new"},{"surface":"Mädchentum","lemma":"Mädchentum","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"maidenhood"}]},{"number":69,"label":"69","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l2","source":"und unberührbar; ihr Geschlecht war zu","translation":"and untouchable; her sex was closed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"war zu","title":"zu meaning 'closed'","body":"As in an earlier line, zu here is a predicate adjective meaning 'shut, closed', not the preposition 'to'. ihr Geschlecht war zu means 'her sex was closed'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war (s8-l1)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"unberührbar","lemma":"unberührbar","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"untouchable"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Geschlecht","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Geschlecht","lemma":"Geschlecht","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"sex"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on war","gloss":"closed"}]},{"number":70,"label":"70","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l3","source":"wie eine junge Blume gegen Abend,","translation":"like a young flower toward evening,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gegen Abend","title":"gegen marking an approaching time","body":"gegen, 'toward, against', can mark an approaching time as well as direction: gegen Abend, 'toward evening'. Abend is accusative after it."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Blume","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Blume","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"junge","lemma":"jung","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Blume","gloss":"young"},{"surface":"Blume","lemma":"Blume","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"flower"},{"surface":"gegen","lemma":"gegen","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Blume","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"Abend","lemma":"Abend","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on gegen","gloss":"evening"}]},{"number":71,"label":"71","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l4","source":"und ihre Hände waren der Vermählung","translation":"and her hands were so weaned","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ihre","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Hände","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Hände","lemma":"Hand","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on waren","gloss":"hands"},{"surface":"waren","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Vermählung","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Vermählung","lemma":"Vermählung","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on entwöhnt (s8-l5)","gloss":"wedlock"}]},{"number":72,"label":"72","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l5","source":"so sehr entwöhnt, daß selbst des leichten Gottes","translation":"from wedlock that even the light god's","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der Vermählung ... entwöhnt","title":"entwöhnt, 'weaned, unaccustomed'","body":"entwöhnen means 'to wean, break a habit', and its participle entwöhnt describes someone no longer accustomed to something. so sehr entwöhnt, 'so thoroughly weaned', leads into daß, 'that', naming what she had grown unused to."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sehr","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"sehr","lemma":"sehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on entwöhnt","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"entwöhnt","lemma":"entwöhnen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"weaned"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on kränkte (s8-l7)","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"selbst","lemma":"selbst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Gottes","gloss":"even"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gottes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"leichten","lemma":"leicht","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gottes","gloss":"light"},{"surface":"Gottes","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Berührung (s8-l6)","gloss":"god's"}]},{"number":73,"label":"73","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l6","source":"unendlich leise leitende Berührung","translation":"infinitely soft guiding touch","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"leitende Berührung","title":"leitende, a present participle as adjective","body":"leitende is the present participle of leiten, 'to lead, guide', used as an adjective before Berührung, 'touch'. leitende Berührung means 'guiding touch'."}],"words":[{"surface":"unendlich","lemma":"unendlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on leise","gloss":"infinitely"},{"surface":"leise","lemma":"leise","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on leitende","gloss":"soft"},{"surface":"leitende","lemma":"leitend","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Berührung","gloss":"guiding"},{"surface":"Berührung","lemma":"Berührung","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"subject of kränkte (s8-l7)","gloss":"touch"}]},{"number":74,"label":"74","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l7","source":"sie kränkte wie zu sehr Vertraulichkeit.","translation":"wounded her like too much familiarity.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s8-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kränkte","title":"kränken, 'to wound, hurt'","body":"kränken means 'to hurt someone's feelings, offend', related to krank, 'sick'. kränkte is its past tense, third-person singular, taking sie, 'her', as its accusative object."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on kränkte","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"kränkte","lemma":"kränken","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wounded"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Vertraulichkeit","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on sehr","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"sehr","lemma":"sehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Vertraulichkeit","gloss":"much"},{"surface":"Vertraulichkeit","lemma":"Vertraulichkeit","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on kränkte","gloss":"familiarity"}]},{"number":75,"label":"75","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l1","source":"Sie war schon nicht mehr diese blonde Frau,","translation":"She was already no longer that blonde woman","stanza":9,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"schon nicht mehr","title":"Two adverbs stressing a change","body":"schon, 'already', paired with nicht mehr, 'no longer', stresses that a change has already happened. Sie war schon nicht mehr diese blonde Frau means 'she was already no longer this blonde woman'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on mehr","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"diese","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frau","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"blonde","lemma":"blond","morphology":"adjective, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Frau","gloss":"blonde"},{"surface":"Frau","lemma":"Frau","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"woman"}]},{"number":76,"label":"76","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l2","source":"die in des Dichters Liedern manchmal anklang,","translation":"who sometimes sounded in the poet's songs,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"anklang","title":"anklingen, 'to sound, resonate'","body":"anklingen is a separable verb meaning 'to sound faintly, be echoed'. anklang is its past tense, third-person singular, here unsplit because it ends a relative clause: die ... anklang, 'who sounded'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on anklang","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on anklang","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Dichters","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Dichters","lemma":"Dichter","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Liedern","gloss":"poet's"},{"surface":"Liedern","lemma":"Lied","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"songs"},{"surface":"manchmal","lemma":"manchmal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on anklang","gloss":"sometimes"},{"surface":"anklang","lemma":"anklingen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"sounded"}]},{"number":77,"label":"77","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l3","source":"nicht mehr des breiten Bettes Duft und Eiland","translation":"no longer the scent and island of the wide bed","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Eiland","title":"A literary word for island","body":"das Eiland is a poetic word for 'island', more literary than Insel. Here it stands beside Duft, 'scent', both nominative singular, naming things no longer belonging to the wide bed."}],"words":[{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on mehr","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war (s9-l1)","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Bettes","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"breiten","lemma":"breit","morphology":"adjective, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Bettes","gloss":"wide"},{"surface":"Bettes","lemma":"Bett","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Duft","gloss":"bed"},{"surface":"Duft","lemma":"Duft","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war (s9-l1)","gloss":"scent"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Duft","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Eiland","lemma":"Eiland","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"island"}]},{"number":78,"label":"78","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l4","source":"und jenes Mannes Eigentum nicht mehr.","translation":"and that man's property no longer.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Eigentum","title":"A noun built from eigen","body":"das Eigentum means 'property, possession', from eigen, 'own'. jenes Mannes Eigentum, 'that man's property', uses a genitive placed before the noun it modifies."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war (s9-l1)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jenes","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mannes","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Mannes","lemma":"Mann","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Eigentum","gloss":"man's"},{"surface":"Eigentum","lemma":"Eigentum","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"property"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on mehr","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Eigentum","gloss":"longer"}]},{"number":79,"label":"79","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l5","source":"Sie war schon aufgelöst wie langes Haar","translation":"She was already loosened like long hair","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aufgelöst","title":"A participle meaning undone","body":"aufgelöst is the past participle of auflösen, 'to loosen, dissolve, undo'. Sie war schon aufgelöst means 'she was already loosened', compared here to wie langes Haar, 'like long hair'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on aufgelöst","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"aufgelöst","lemma":"auflösen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on war","gloss":"loosened"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Haar","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"langes","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Haar","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Haar","lemma":"Haar","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"hair"}]},{"number":80,"label":"80","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l6","source":"und hingegeben wie gefallner Regen","translation":"and given away like fallen rain","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hingegeben","title":"A participle of surrender","body":"hingeben means 'to give up, surrender, devote'. hingegeben is its past participle, paired here with wie gefallner Regen, 'like fallen rain'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on aufgelöst (s9-l5)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"hingegeben","lemma":"hingeben","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on war (s9-l5)","gloss":"given away"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Regen","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"gefallner","lemma":"gefallen","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Regen","gloss":"fallen"},{"surface":"Regen","lemma":"Regen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"rain"}]},{"number":81,"label":"81","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l7","source":"und ausgeteilt wie hundertfacher Vorrat.","translation":"and parcelled out like a hundredfold store.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s9-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"hundertfacher Vorrat","title":"hundertfacher, 'a hundredfold'","body":"hundertfach combines hundert, 'hundred', with -fach, 'times, fold', to mean 'a hundred times over'. hundertfacher Vorrat, 'hundredfold store', is nominative masculine singular."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on aufgelöst (s9-l5)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ausgeteilt","lemma":"austeilen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on war (s9-l5)","gloss":"parcelled out"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Vorrat","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"hundertfacher","lemma":"hundertfach","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Vorrat","gloss":"hundredfold"},{"surface":"Vorrat","lemma":"Vorrat","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ausgeteilt","gloss":"store"}]},{"number":82,"label":"82","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l1","source":"Sie war schon Wurzel.","translation":"She was already root.","stanza":10,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Wurzel","title":"A predicate noun without an article","body":"die Wurzel means 'root'. Sie war schon Wurzel, 'she was already root', uses it without an article as a predicate noun, stating what she had become."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"Wurzel","lemma":"Wurzel","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"root"}]},{"number":83,"label":"83","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l2","source":"Und als plötzlich jäh","translation":"And when, suddenly, abruptly,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als","title":"A conjunction for a single past event","body":"als is a subordinating conjunction meaning 'when', used for a single event in the past. Und als plötzlich jäh introduces the clause describing a sudden interruption."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on als","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on anhielt (s10-l3)","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"plötzlich","lemma":"plötzlich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on als","gloss":"suddenly"},{"surface":"jäh","lemma":"jäh","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on plötzlich","gloss":"abruptly"}]},{"number":84,"label":"84","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l3","source":"der Gott sie anhielt und mit Schmerz im Ausruf","translation":"the god stopped her and with pain in his cry","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"anhielt","title":"anhalten, 'to stop someone'","body":"anhalten is a separable verb meaning 'to stop, halt'. anhielt is its past tense, third-person singular, here taking sie, 'her', as a direct object: der Gott sie anhielt, 'the god stopped her'."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on anhielt","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on anhielt","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"anhielt","lemma":"anhalten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stopped"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on anhielt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on und","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"Schmerz","lemma":"Schmerz","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"pain"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sprach (s10-l4)","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Ausruf","lemma":"Ausruf","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"cry"}]},{"number":85,"label":"85","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l4","source":"die Worte sprach: Er hat sich umgewendet","translation":"spoke the words: He has turned around","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"hat sich umgewendet","title":"sich umwenden, 'to turn around'","body":"umwenden paired with the reflexive sich means 'to turn oneself around'. hat sich umgewendet is the present perfect: 'has turned around'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Worte","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Worte","lemma":"Wort","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on sprach","gloss":"words"},{"surface":"sprach","lemma":"sprechen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoke"},{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hat","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on umgewendet","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"umgewendet","lemma":"umwenden","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"turned around"}]},{"number":86,"label":"86","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l5","source":"begriff sie nichts und sagte leise: Wer?","translation":"she grasped nothing and said softly: Who?","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s10-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"begriff sie nichts ... Wer?","title":"begreifen, 'to grasp, understand'","body":"begreifen means 'to grasp mentally, understand'. begriff is its past tense, third-person singular, negated by nichts, 'nothing': begriff sie nichts, 'she understood nothing'."}],"words":[{"surface":"begriff","lemma":"begreifen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grasped"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"she"},{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on begriff","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sagte","lemma":"sagen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"said"},{"surface":"leise","lemma":"leise","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on sagte","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"Wer","lemma":"wer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"who"}]},{"number":87,"label":"87","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l1","source":"Fern aber, dunkel vor dem klaren Ausgang,","translation":"But far off, dark against the bright exit,","stanza":11,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ausgang","title":"A compound naming an exit","body":"der Ausgang means 'exit, way out', from aus, 'out', and gehen, 'to go'. Here it is dative singular after vor, 'before, against': vor dem klaren Ausgang, 'against the bright exit'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Fern","lemma":"fern","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on stand (s11-l2)","gloss":"far off"},{"surface":"aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Fern","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"dunkel","lemma":"dunkel","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on vor","gloss":"dark"},{"surface":"vor","lemma":"vor","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Fern","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ausgang","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"klaren","lemma":"klar","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ausgang","gloss":"bright"},{"surface":"Ausgang","lemma":"Ausgang","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vor","gloss":"exit"}]},{"number":88,"label":"88","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l2","source":"stand irgend jemand, dessen Angesicht","translation":"stood someone or other, whose face","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dessen Angesicht","title":"dessen, the genitive 'whose'","body":"dessen is the genitive singular relative pronoun for masculine or neuter antecedents, meaning 'whose'. It refers back to jemand, 'someone', and introduces Angesicht, 'face', as the thing possessed."}],"words":[{"surface":"stand","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"irgend","lemma":"irgend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on jemand","gloss":"some"},{"surface":"jemand","lemma":"jemand","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"someone"},{"surface":"dessen","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Angesicht","gloss":"whose"},{"surface":"Angesicht","lemma":"Angesicht","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of war (s11-l3)","gloss":"face"}]},{"number":89,"label":"89","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l3","source":"nicht zu erkennen war. Er stand und sah,","translation":"could not be made out. He stood and saw","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nicht zu erkennen war","title":"zu plus infinitive with sein","body":"erkennen means 'to recognize, make out'. zu erkennen with sein forms a passive-like construction: nicht zu erkennen war, 'was not to be made out, could not be recognized'."}],"words":[{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on erkennen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on erkennen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"erkennen","lemma":"erkennen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on war","gloss":"made out"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"stand","lemma":"stehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stood"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on stand","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"saw"}]},{"number":90,"label":"90","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l4","source":"wie auf dem Streifen eines Wiesenpfades","translation":"how, on the strip of a meadow-path,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sah, wie ...","title":"wie introducing an indirect question","body":"Here wie means 'how', introducing an indirect question after sah, 'saw': sah, wie ..., 'saw how ...'. It reports what he observed rather than comparing two things."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on sah (s11-l3)","gloss":"how"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wandte (s11-l6)","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Streifen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Streifen","lemma":"Streifen","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"strip"},{"surface":"eines","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wiesenpfades","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Wiesenpfades","lemma":"Wiesenpfad","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Streifen","gloss":"meadow-path"}]},{"number":91,"label":"91","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l5","source":"mit trauervollem Blick der Gott der Botschaft","translation":"with sorrowful gaze the god of the message","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"trauervollem","title":"trauervoll, 'sorrowful'","body":"trauervoll combines Trauer, 'grief, mourning', with -voll, 'full of', to mean 'full of grief, sorrowful'. It is dative masculine singular here, agreeing with Blick, 'gaze'."}],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wandte (s11-l6)","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"trauervollem","lemma":"trauervoll","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Blick","gloss":"sorrowful"},{"surface":"Blick","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of wandte (s11-l6)","gloss":"god"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Botschaft","gloss":"of the"},{"surface":"Botschaft","lemma":"Botschaft","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gott","gloss":"message"}]},{"number":92,"label":"92","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l6","source":"sich schweigend wandte, der Gestalt zu folgen,","translation":"turned in silence, to follow the figure","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich ... wandte","title":"sich wenden, 'to turn'","body":"wenden paired with the reflexive sich means 'to turn oneself'. wandte is its past tense, third-person singular: sich ... wandte, 'turned', followed by zu folgen, 'to follow'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"schweigend","lemma":"schweigend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"silently"},{"surface":"wandte","lemma":"wenden","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"turned"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Gestalt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gestalt","lemma":"Gestalt","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on folgen","gloss":"figure"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on folgen","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"folgen","lemma":"folgen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wandte","gloss":"follow"}]},{"number":93,"label":"93","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l7","source":"die schon zurückging dieses selben Weges,","translation":"who was already going back along this same path,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zurückging dieses selben Weges","title":"A genitive naming the route","body":"dieses selben Weges, 'of this same path', is genitive masculine singular, used adverbially without a preposition to say by which route she was going back. zurückging is the past tense of zurückgehen, 'to go back'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zurückging","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zurückging","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"zurückging","lemma":"zurückgehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was going back"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weges","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"selben","lemma":"selber","morphology":"adjective, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Weges","gloss":"same"},{"surface":"Weges","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, genitive, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zurückging","gloss":"path"}]},{"number":94,"label":"94","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l8","source":"den Schritt beschränkt von langen Leichenbändern,","translation":"her step hemmed in by long grave-bands,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"den Schritt beschränkt von ...","title":"A repeated line","body":"den Schritt beschränkt von langen Leichenbändern, 'her step hemmed in by long grave-bands', repeats a phrase used earlier in the poem word for word. beschränkt is the past participle of beschränken, 'to limit, confine'."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schritt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Schritt","lemma":"Schritt","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on beschränkt","gloss":"step"},{"surface":"beschränkt","lemma":"beschränken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"participial modifier of Schritt; the whole phrase describes die, from an earlier line (s11-l7)","gloss":"hemmed in"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on beschränkt","gloss":"by"},{"surface":"langen","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Leichenbändern","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"Leichenbändern","lemma":"Leichenband","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on von","gloss":"grave-bands"}]},{"number":95,"label":"95","id":"orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l9","source":"unsicher, sanft und ohne Ungeduld.","translation":"uncertain, gentle, and without impatience.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/orpheus-eurydike-hermes-s11-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"unsicher, sanft und ohne Ungeduld","title":"A repeated line","body":"unsicher, sanft und ohne Ungeduld, 'uncertain, gentle, and without impatience', repeats a phrase used earlier in the poem word for word. All three adjectives and the prepositional phrase describe the manner of her walk."}],"words":[{"surface":"unsicher","lemma":"unsicher","morphology":"adverb","role":"adverbial modifier of die, continuing the list from the previous line","gloss":"uncertain"},{"surface":"sanft","lemma":"sanft","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on unsicher","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on sanft","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on und","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Ungeduld","lemma":"Ungeduld","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on ohne","gloss":"impatience"}]}]}