{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"saul-unter-den-propheten","title":{"source":"Saul unter den Propheten","translated":"Saul among the Prophets"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten","lines":22},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/troestung-des-elia","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/samuels-erscheinung-vor-saul","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s1-l1","source":"Meinst du denn, daß man sich sinken sieht?","translation":"Do you really think one sees oneself sinking?","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"denn","title":"A flavoring particle in questions","body":"In a question, denn is a flavoring particle, not the conjunction 'because'. Meinst du denn means 'do you really think', giving the question a probing tone. It has no separate English word and is usually rendered through emphasis."},{"kind":"grammar","term":"daß man sich sinken sieht","title":"Seeing with a bare infinitive","body":"Sehen plus a bare infinitive expresses perceiving an action: man sieht sich sinken means 'one sees oneself sink'. The reflexive sich is the object of sieht, and sinken, 'to sink', is the perceived act. Daß, the older spelling of dass, sends sieht to the end of its clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"Meinst","lemma":"meinen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"think"},{"surface":"du","lemma":"du","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on Meinst","gloss":"you"},{"surface":"denn","lemma":"denn","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Meinst","gloss":"really"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on sieht","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"man","lemma":"man","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on sieht","gloss":"one"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on sinken","gloss":"oneself"},{"surface":"sinken","lemma":"sinken","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on sieht","gloss":"sinking"},{"surface":"sieht","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on daß","gloss":"sees"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s1-l2","source":"Nein, der König schien sich noch erhaben,","translation":"No, the king still seemed to himself exalted,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"schien sich","title":"Scheinen with a dative reflexive","body":"Scheinen means 'to seem, to appear'; schien is its past tense. The dative reflexive sich marks to whom something seemed: der König schien sich erhaben means 'the king seemed to himself exalted'. Erhaben, 'lofty, exalted', is the predicate adjective."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nein","lemma":"nein","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on König","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"König","lemma":"König","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"king"},{"surface":"schien","lemma":"scheinen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"seemed"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"to himself"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on erhaben","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"erhaben","lemma":"erhaben","morphology":"adjective, predicate","role":"depends on schien","gloss":"exalted"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s1-l3","source":"da er seinen starken Harfenknaben","translation":"when he wanted to kill his strong harp-boy","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"da er ... wollte","title":"Da meaning when, not there","body":"Here da is a subordinating conjunction meaning 'when, as, since', so the finite verb wollte is pushed to the end of the clause, in the next line: da er töten wollte means 'when he wanted to kill'. This da is not the adverb da, 'there'."}],"words":[{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on da","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"seinen","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Harfenknaben","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"starken","lemma":"stark","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Harfenknaben","gloss":"strong"},{"surface":"Harfenknaben","lemma":"Harfenknabe","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on da","gloss":"harp-boy"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s1-l4","source":"töten wollte bis ins zehnte Glied.","translation":"down to the tenth generation.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"bis ins zehnte Glied","title":"An idiom for a whole lineage","body":"Das Glied means 'limb, link, member', and here 'generation' within a line of descent. Bis ins zehnte Glied, 'down to the tenth generation', is an idiom for wiping out an entire lineage. Bis in takes the accusative, with ins standing for in das."}],"words":[{"surface":"töten","lemma":"töten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on wollte","gloss":"kill"},{"surface":"wollte","lemma":"wollen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wanted"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ins","gloss":"up to"},{"surface":"ins","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on töten","gloss":"into the"},{"surface":"zehnte","lemma":"zehnter","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Glied","gloss":"tenth"},{"surface":"Glied","lemma":"Glied","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ins","gloss":"generation","note":"Biblical idiom: here 'Glied' means 'generation,' not its usual sense of 'limb' (cf. Luther Bible, 'bis ins dritte und vierte Glied')."}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l1","source":"Erst da ihn der Geist auf solchen Wegen","translation":"Only when the spirit, on such paths,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Erst da","title":"Only when delays the verb","body":"Erst here means 'only, not until'; combined with da, 'when', it opens a clause that delays the main event: erst da sah er sich, 'only when did he see himself'. The accusative ihn is the object of überfiel two lines on."}],"words":[{"surface":"Erst","lemma":"erst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on da","gloss":"Only"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on überfiel","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"ihn","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on überfiel","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Geist","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Geist","lemma":"Geist","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of überfiel","gloss":"spirit"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on überfiel","gloss":"on"},{"surface":"solchen","lemma":"solcher","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Wegen","gloss":"such"},{"surface":"Wegen","lemma":"Weg","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"paths"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l2","source":"überfiel und auseinanderriß,","translation":"fell upon him and tore him apart,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"überfiel und auseinanderriß","title":"One inseparable verb, one separable","body":"Überfallen, 'to assault, to fall upon suddenly', has an inseparable, unstressed über-, so it stays whole: der Geist überfiel ihn means 'the spirit assaulted him'. Auseinanderreißen, 'to tear apart', is separable, and its past tense riß auseinander is printed here as auseinanderriß."}],"words":[{"surface":"überfiel","lemma":"überfallen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell upon"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on überfiel","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"auseinanderriß","lemma":"auseinanderreißen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"tore apart"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l3","source":"sah er sich im Innern ohne Segen,","translation":"did he see himself within, without blessing,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"im Innern","title":"An adjective used for the inside","body":"Das Innere is the adjective inner used as a noun, meaning 'the inside, the inner self'; im Innern, from in dem Innern, means 'within, inwardly'. Ohne Segen means 'without blessing'. The phrase describes what the king sees in himself."}],"words":[{"surface":"sah","lemma":"sehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"saw"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"himself"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Innern","lemma":"innere","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"within"},{"surface":"ohne","lemma":"ohne","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sah","gloss":"without"},{"surface":"Segen","lemma":"Segen","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ohne","gloss":"blessing"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l4","source":"und sein Blut ging in der Finsternis","translation":"and his blood went, in the darkness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blut","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Blut","lemma":"Blut","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of ging","gloss":"blood"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"went"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Finsternis","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Finsternis","lemma":"Finsternis","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"darkness"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l5","source":"abergläubig dem Gericht entgegen.","translation":"superstitiously to meet the judgment.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dem Gericht entgegen","title":"A preposition that follows its noun","body":"Entgegen, 'toward, to meet', governs the dative and follows its object rather than leading it: dem Gericht entgegen means 'toward the judgment'. With ging it forms ging dem Gericht entgegen, 'went to meet the judgment'. Abergläubig means 'superstitiously'."}],"words":[{"surface":"abergläubig","lemma":"abergläubig","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"superstitiously"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Gericht","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gericht","lemma":"Gericht","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on entgegen","gloss":"judgment"},{"surface":"entgegen","lemma":"entgegen","morphology":"postposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"to meet","note":"'entgegen' is a postposition: it follows its dative noun ('dem Gericht entgegen' = 'to meet the judgment')."}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s3-l1","source":"Wenn sein Mund jetzt troff und prophezeite,","translation":"If his mouth now dripped and prophesied,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"troff","title":"An old strong past tense","body":"Troff is the strong past tense of triefen, 'to drip, to run with', an older form beside the regular triefte. Sein Mund troff means 'his mouth dripped, ran over'. Prophezeite, 'prophesied', is the second verb of the line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Wenn","lemma":"wenn","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on troff","gloss":"When"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Mund","lemma":"Mund","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of troff","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"jetzt","lemma":"jetzt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on troff","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"troff","lemma":"triefen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"dripped"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on troff","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"prophezeite","lemma":"prophezeien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"prophesied"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s3-l2","source":"war es nur, damit der Flüchtling weit","translation":"it was only so that the fugitive could flee","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"damit der Flüchtling ... flüchten könne","title":"A purpose clause with the subjunctive","body":"Damit, 'so that, in order that', introduces a purpose clause and sends its verb to the end: damit der Flüchtling flüchten könne means 'so that the fugitive might flee'. Könne is Konjunktiv I of können, used to report a purpose. Der Flüchtling means 'the fugitive'."}],"words":[{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"es","lemma":"es","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"nur","lemma":"nur","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"only"},{"surface":"damit","lemma":"damit","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on könne","gloss":"so that"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Flüchtling","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Flüchtling","lemma":"Flüchtling","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of könne","gloss":"fugitive"},{"surface":"weit","lemma":"weit","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on flüchten","gloss":"far"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s3-l3","source":"flüchten könne. So war dieses zweite","translation":"far away. Such was this second","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Flüchtling ... flüchten","title":"Noun and verb from one root","body":"Flüchten means 'to flee'; der Flüchtling, 'the fugitive', is the one who flees. The line places noun and verb side by side, der Flüchtling flüchten könne, 'the fugitive might flee'. Könne is the subjunctive of können."}],"words":[{"surface":"flüchten","lemma":"flüchten","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on könne","gloss":"flee"},{"surface":"könne","lemma":"können","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"could"},{"surface":"So","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"Such"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"dieses","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mal","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"zweite","lemma":"zweiter","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Mal","gloss":"second"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s3-l4","source":"Mal. Doch einst: er hatte prophezeit","translation":"time. But once: he had prophesied","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"dieses zweite Mal","title":"A noun split across lines","body":"Das Mal means 'time, occasion'; dieses zweite Mal, 'this second time', is split across the stanza break, with Mal landing at the start of this line. Doch einst means 'but once', looking back to an earlier time. Hatte prophezeit is the pluperfect, 'had prophesied'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Mal","lemma":"Mal","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"time"},{"surface":"Doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"But"},{"surface":"einst","lemma":"einst","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"once"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hatte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"prophezeit","lemma":"prophezeien","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"prophesied"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s4-l1","source":"fast als Kind, als ob ihm jede Ader","translation":"almost as a child, as if every vein in him","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als ob ihm jede Ader ... mündete","title":"Unreal comparison with the subjunctive","body":"Als ob, 'as though', introduces an unreal comparison and takes the subjunctive with its verb at the end: als ob ihm jede Ader mündete means 'as though every vein in him emptied'. Mündete is the Konjunktiv II of münden, 'to flow into'. Jede Ader is 'every vein'."}],"words":[{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on prophezeit","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on prophezeit","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Kind","lemma":"Kind","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on mündete","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"ob","lemma":"ob","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on mündete","gloss":"if"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ader","gloss":"in him"},{"surface":"jede","lemma":"jeder","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Ader","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"Ader","lemma":"Ader","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mündete","gloss":"vein"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s4-l2","source":"mündete in einen Mund aus Erz;","translation":"emptied into a mouth of bronze;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aus Erz","title":"Ore or cast bronze","body":"Erz is 'ore' and, by extension, the cast metal bronze or brass, so ein Mund aus Erz means 'a mouth of bronze'. Münden in, 'to flow into', takes the accusative of direction, in einen Mund."}],"words":[{"surface":"mündete","lemma":"münden","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"emptied"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on mündete","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"einen","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Mund","lemma":"Mund","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"Erz","lemma":"Erz","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"bronze"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s4-l3","source":"alle schritten, doch er schritt gerader;","translation":"all of them strode, but he strode straighter;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"schritten ... gerader","title":"A solemn verb for walking","body":"Schreiten, 'to stride, to pace solemnly', is a loftier verb than gehen, 'to walk'; schritt and schritten are its strong past forms. Gerader is the comparative of gerade, 'straight, upright', so er schritt gerader means 'he strode straighter' than those around him."}],"words":[{"surface":"alle","lemma":"aller","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on schritten","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"schritten","lemma":"schreiten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"strode"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on schritten","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schritt","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"schritt","lemma":"schreiten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"strode"},{"surface":"gerader","lemma":"gerade","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"depends on schritt","gloss":"straighter"}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s4-l4","source":"alle schrieen, doch ihm schrie das Herz.","translation":"all of them cried out, but in him the heart cried.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ihm schrie das Herz","title":"Dative marks the heart's owner","body":"German often marks the owner of a body part with the dative rather than a possessive: ihm schrie das Herz literally means 'to him cried the heart', that is, 'his heart cried'. Das Herz is the grammatical subject; the fronted dative ihm stands against alle schrieen, 'all cried out'."}],"words":[{"surface":"alle","lemma":"aller","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on schrieen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"schrieen","lemma":"schreien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried out"},{"surface":"doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on schrieen","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"ihm","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on schrie","gloss":"in him"},{"surface":"schrie","lemma":"schreien","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"cried"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Herz","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Herz","lemma":"Herz","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"subject of schrie","gloss":"heart"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l1","source":"Und nun war er nichts als dieser Haufen","translation":"And now he was nothing but this heap","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"nichts als","title":"An idiom for nothing but","body":"Nichts als means 'nothing but, only': er war nichts als dieser Haufen means 'he was nothing but this heap'. Here als means 'than, but', not 'when'. Der Haufen means 'heap, pile'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"nun","lemma":"nun","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on war","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on war","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"nichts","lemma":"nichts","morphology":"pronoun, neuter","role":"depends on war","gloss":"nothing"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on nichts","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"dieser","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Haufen","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"Haufen","lemma":"Haufen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"heap"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l2","source":"umgestürzter Würden, Last auf Last;","translation":"of toppled dignities, weight upon weight;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"umgestürzter Würden","title":"A genitive plural without an article","body":"Ein Haufen umgestürzter Würden means 'a heap of toppled dignities'. Würden is the genitive plural of die Würde, 'dignity, rank'; umgestürzter, the participle of umstürzen, 'to overturn, to topple', carries the genitive plural ending with no article present."}],"words":[{"surface":"umgestürzter","lemma":"umgestürzt","morphology":"adjective, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Würden","gloss":"toppled"},{"surface":"Würden","lemma":"Würde","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Haufen","gloss":"dignities"},{"surface":"Last","lemma":"Last","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Haufen","gloss":"weight"},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Last","gloss":"upon"},{"surface":"Last","lemma":"Last","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on auf","gloss":"weight"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l3","source":"und sein Mund war wie der Mund der Traufen,","translation":"and his mouth was like the mouth of the eaves,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Traufen","title":"The eaves of a roof","body":"Die Traufe names the eaves of a roof, the edge from which rainwater runs off; der Mund der Traufen means 'the mouth of the eaves', with Traufen a genitive plural. The line compares the king's mouth to this spout."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on war","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Mund","lemma":"Mund","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of war","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"war","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"was"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on war","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Mund","lemma":"Mund","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"mouth"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Traufen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Traufen","lemma":"Traufe","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Mund","gloss":"eaves","note":"'Traufe' is the eaves or drip-edge of a roof, where rainwater runs off — the image is a gutter-spout's mouth."}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l4","source":"der die Güsse, die zusammenlaufen,","translation":"which the downpours, that run together,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Güsse","title":"A plural noun for downpours","body":"Der Guß, modern Guss, means 'a gush, downpour, pouring', from gießen, 'to pour'; its plural is Güsse. Die Güsse, die zusammenlaufen means 'the downpours that run together'. Die Güsse is the accusative object of fallen läßt two lines further on."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on läßt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on Güsse","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Güsse","lemma":"Guss","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on läßt","gloss":"downpours"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on zusammenlaufen","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"zusammenlaufen","lemma":"zusammenlaufen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"depends on Güsse","gloss":"run together"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l5","source":"fallen läßt, eh er sie faßt.","translation":"lets fall before it can grasp them.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fallen läßt, eh er sie faßt","title":"Lassen with an infinitive","body":"Fallen lassen means 'to let fall, to drop': der die Güsse fallen läßt means 'which lets the downpours fall'. Eh, a clipped form of ehe, 'before', sends its verb to the end: eh er sie faßt means 'before it grasps them'."}],"words":[{"surface":"fallen","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on läßt","gloss":"fall"},{"surface":"läßt","lemma":"lassen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"lets"},{"surface":"eh","lemma":"eh","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on faßt","gloss":"before"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on faßt","gloss":"it"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, plural","role":"depends on faßt","gloss":"them"},{"surface":"faßt","lemma":"fassen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grasps"}]}]}