{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig","title":{"source":"Spätherbst in Venedig","translated":"Late Autumn in Venice"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig","lines":14},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/venezianischer-morgen","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/san-marco","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s1-l1","source":"Nun treibt die Stadt schon nicht mehr wie ein Köder,","translation":"Now the city no longer drifts like a lure,","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"Nun treibt die Stadt","title":"Verb-second after a fronted now","body":"German main clauses keep the finite verb second. Fronting the adverb nun, 'now', pushes the subject die Stadt after the verb treibt, 'drifts'. schon nicht mehr stacks schon, 'already', with nicht mehr, 'no longer'."},{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Köder","title":"Bait, lure","body":"der Köder is bait on a hook, or a lure that draws prey. Venice is glossed as ein Köder, 'a lure', in this line. The image continues in the next line's fängt, 'catches'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Nun","lemma":"nun","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on treibt","gloss":"now"},{"surface":"treibt","lemma":"treiben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"drifts"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Stadt","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Stadt","lemma":"Stadt","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on treibt","gloss":"city"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on treibt","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on treibt","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"mehr","lemma":"mehr","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Köder","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Köder","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Köder","lemma":"Köder","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on treibt","gloss":"lure"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s1-l2","source":"der alle aufgetauchten Tage fängt.","translation":"that catches every day that rises up.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aufgetaucht","title":"To surface, to emerge","body":"auftauchen, 'to surface, come up', is separable, formed from tauchen, 'to dive', plus auf-, 'up'. Its past participle aufgetauchten works as an adjective before Tage: die aufgetauchten Tage, 'the days that have surfaced'."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fängt","gloss":"that","note":"Relative pronoun referring back to Köder (the lure)."},{"surface":"alle","lemma":"aller","morphology":"determiner, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Tage","gloss":"every"},{"surface":"aufgetauchten","lemma":"aufgetaucht","morphology":"adjective, accusative, plural","role":"depends on Tage","gloss":"surfaced"},{"surface":"Tage","lemma":"Tag","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on fängt","gloss":"days"},{"surface":"fängt","lemma":"fangen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"catches"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s1-l3","source":"Die gläsernen Paläste klingen spröder","translation":"The glassy palaces ring more brittle","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"gläsern","title":"Made of glass","body":"gläsern is the adjective from das Glas, 'glass': 'of glass, glassy'. die gläsernen Paläste, 'the glass palaces', names Venice's palazzi. klingen, 'to ring, to sound', governs spröder, 'more brittle'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Paläste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"gläsernen","lemma":"gläsern","morphology":"adjective, nominative, plural","role":"depends on Paläste","gloss":"glassy"},{"surface":"Paläste","lemma":"Palast","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on klingen","gloss":"palaces"},{"surface":"klingen","lemma":"klingen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ring"},{"surface":"spröder","lemma":"spröde","morphology":"adverb, comparative","role":"depends on klingen","gloss":"more brittle"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s1-l4","source":"an deinen Blick. Und aus den Gärten hängt","translation":"against your gaze. And out of the gardens hangs","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"an deinen Blick","title":"Preposition an takes accusative","body":"an takes the accusative when it marks contact toward something: an deinen Blick, 'against your gaze' (accusative deinen Blick). klingen spröder an deinen Blick means the palaces ring more brittle against your gaze."}],"words":[{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on klingen","gloss":"against"},{"surface":"deinen","lemma":"dein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Blick","gloss":"your"},{"surface":"Blick","lemma":"Blick","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on an","gloss":"gaze"},{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on hängt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hängt","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, plural","role":"depends on Gärten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Gärten","lemma":"Garten","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"gardens"},{"surface":"hängt","lemma":"hängen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hangs"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s2-l1","source":"der Sommer wie ein Haufen Marionetten","translation":"the summer like a heap of marionettes","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ein Haufen Marionetten","title":"A heap of","body":"der Haufen means 'heap, pile'; followed by a bare noun it works like 'a heap of': ein Haufen Marionetten, 'a heap of marionettes', with Marionetten in the genitive of quantity."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Sommer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Sommer","lemma":"Sommer","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hängt","gloss":"summer"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Haufen","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Haufen","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Haufen","lemma":"Haufen","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"heap"},{"surface":"Marionetten","lemma":"Marionette","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Haufen","gloss":"marionettes"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s2-l2","source":"kopfüber, müde, umgebracht.","translation":"head-down, weary, done to death.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"kopfüber","title":"Headlong, upside down","body":"kopfüber, from Kopf, 'head', plus über, 'over', means 'head-first, headlong, upside down'. umgebracht is the past participle of umbringen, 'to kill, do away with': kopfüber, müde, umgebracht, 'head-down, weary, killed off'."}],"words":[{"surface":"kopfüber","lemma":"kopfüber","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on Sommer","gloss":"head-down"},{"surface":"müde","lemma":"müde","morphology":"adjective","role":"depends on Sommer","gloss":"weary"},{"surface":"umgebracht","lemma":"umbringen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on Sommer","gloss":"done to death"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s2-l3","source":"Aber vom Grund aus alten Waldskeletten","translation":"But from the depths, out of old forest skeletons,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vom Grund aus alten Waldskeletten","title":"From the bottom, aus plus dative","body":"vom is the fusion of von dem, 'from the'; der Grund means 'ground, bottom, depths'. aus, 'out of', takes the dative: aus alten Waldskeletten. das Waldskelett joins Wald, 'forest', and Skelett, 'skeleton'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Aber","lemma":"aber","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"vom","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"from the","note":"Contraction of 'von dem'."},{"surface":"Grund","lemma":"Grund","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vom","gloss":"depths"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"alten","lemma":"alt","morphology":"adjective, dative, plural","role":"depends on Waldskeletten","gloss":"old"},{"surface":"Waldskeletten","lemma":"Waldskelett","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"forest skeletons"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s2-l4","source":"steigt Willen auf: als sollte über Nacht","translation":"a will rises up: as if overnight","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"steigt Willen auf","title":"Separable prefix comes last","body":"aufsteigen, 'to rise, climb, well up', is separable, so its prefix auf- lands at the line's end: steigt Willen auf, 'a will rises up'. als, 'as though', plus the subjunctive sollte, 'were to', opens a contrary-to-fact comparison."}],"words":[{"surface":"steigt","lemma":"steigen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"rises"},{"surface":"Willen","lemma":"Wille","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of steigt","gloss":"a will","note":"'Wille' is a weak noun (normally 'Willen' only in oblique cases); used here as the poetic subject."},{"surface":"auf","lemma":"auf","morphology":"particle, separable verb prefix","role":"depends on steigt","gloss":"up","note":"Separable prefix of 'aufsteigen' (to rise up)."},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on sollte","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"sollte","lemma":"sollen","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were to"},{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on sollte","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"Nacht","lemma":"Nacht","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"night","note":"'über Nacht' = overnight."}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s3-l1","source":"der General des Meeres die Galeeren","translation":"the admiral of the sea were to double","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der General des Meeres","title":"Genitive marks of the sea","body":"des Meeres is the genitive of das Meer, 'the sea': der General des Meeres, 'the admiral of the sea'. He is the subject of verdoppeln in the next line, and die Galeeren, 'the galleys', is its object."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on General","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"General","lemma":"General","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on sollte","gloss":"admiral"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Meeres","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Meeres","lemma":"Meer","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on General","gloss":"sea"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Galeeren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Galeeren","lemma":"Galeere","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on verdoppeln","gloss":"galleys"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s3-l2","source":"verdoppeln in dem wachen Arsenal,","translation":"the galleys in the wakeful Arsenal,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"verdoppeln","lemma":"verdoppeln","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on sollte","gloss":"double"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verdoppeln","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Arsenal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"wachen","lemma":"wach","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Arsenal","gloss":"wakeful"},{"surface":"Arsenal","lemma":"Arsenal","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"Arsenal"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s3-l3","source":"um schon die nächste Morgenluft zu teeren","translation":"to tar the very next morning air already","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um … zu teeren","title":"Purpose clause with teeren","body":"um … zu plus infinitive forms a purpose clause, 'in order to': um … die nächste Morgenluft zu teeren, 'in order to tar the next morning air'. teeren means 'to tar, to pitch'."}],"words":[{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on teeren","gloss":"in order to"},{"surface":"schon","lemma":"schon","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on teeren","gloss":"already"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Morgenluft","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"nächste","lemma":"nächster","morphology":"adjective, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Morgenluft","gloss":"next"},{"surface":"Morgenluft","lemma":"Morgenluft","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on teeren","gloss":"morning air"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle, infinitive marker","role":"depends on teeren","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"teeren","lemma":"teeren","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on um","gloss":"tar"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s4-l1","source":"mit einer Flotte, welche ruderschlagend","translation":"with a fleet which, plying its oars,","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ruderschlagend","title":"Beating with oars","body":"ruderschlagend is a coined present participle: Ruder, 'oar', plus schlagen, 'to beat, strike', giving 'beating its oars, plying the oars'. welche is the relative pronoun 'which', agreeing with the feminine eine Flotte, 'a fleet'."}],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verdoppeln","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Flotte","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Flotte","lemma":"Flotte","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"fleet"},{"surface":"welche","lemma":"welcher","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"ruderschlagend","lemma":"ruderschlagend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"plying oars"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s4-l2","source":"sich drängt und jäh, mit allen Flaggen tagend,","translation":"presses forward and, abrupt, dawning with all its flags,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"jäh; mit allen Flaggen tagend","title":"To press forward, and to dawn","body":"sich drängen is reflexive, 'to press, crowd forward'; jäh means 'sudden, abrupt, sheer'. tagend is the present participle of tagen, 'to dawn, grow light': mit allen Flaggen tagend, 'dawning with all its flags'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"drängt","lemma":"drängen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the relative clause","gloss":"presses forward"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on drängt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"jäh","lemma":"jäh","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tagend","gloss":"abruptly"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tagend","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"allen","lemma":"aller","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Flaggen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"Flaggen","lemma":"Flagge","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"flags"},{"surface":"tagend","lemma":"tagend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"dawning"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"spaetherbst-in-venedig-s4-l3","source":"den großen Wind hat, strahlend und fatal.","translation":"has the great wind, radiant and fatal.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/spaetherbst-in-venedig-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"den großen Wind hat","title":"Verb lands at clause end","body":"This closes the relative clause opened by welche: its verb hat, 'has', lands last, after the accusative object den großen Wind, 'the great wind'. strahlend is from strahlen, 'to shine'; fatal means 'fatal, baleful'."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wind","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"großen","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Wind","gloss":"great"},{"surface":"Wind","lemma":"Wind","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"wind"},{"surface":"hat","lemma":"haben","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"has"},{"surface":"strahlend","lemma":"strahlend","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on hat","gloss":"radiant"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on strahlend","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"fatal","lemma":"fatal","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on und","gloss":"fatal"}]}]}