{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"totentanz","title":{"source":"Totentanz","translated":"Dance of Death"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/totentanz","lines":24},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/der-koenig-von-muenster","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/das-juengste-gericht","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"totentanz-s1-l1","source":"Sie brauchen kein Tanz-Orchester;","translation":"They need no dance-orchestra;","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"brauchen kein","title":"Negating a noun with kein","body":"brauchen means 'to need, require'. German negates a noun object with kein, 'no, not any', which declines like the indefinite article. kein Tanz-Orchester is neuter accusative, so sie brauchen kein Tanz-Orchester means 'they need no dance orchestra'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on brauchen","gloss":"They"},{"surface":"brauchen","lemma":"brauchen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"need"},{"surface":"kein","lemma":"kein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Tanz-Orchester","gloss":"no"},{"surface":"Tanz-Orchester","lemma":"Tanz-Orchester","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on brauchen","gloss":"dance-orchestra"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"totentanz-s1-l2","source":"sie hören in sich ein Geheule,","translation":"they hear inside themselves a howling,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ein Geheule","title":"The Ge- collective for sound","body":"Geheule is built from heulen, 'to howl, wail', with the Ge- prefix and -e ending that name a continuous or repeated sound, like Gerede, 'chatter'. It means an ongoing howling, not a single howl. in sich hören means 'to hear within oneself'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on hören","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"hören","lemma":"hören","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"hear"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on hören","gloss":"inside"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural, reflexive","role":"depends on in","gloss":"themselves"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Geheule","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Geheule","lemma":"Geheule","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on hören","gloss":"howling"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"totentanz-s1-l3","source":"als wären sie Eulennester.","translation":"as though they were owls' nests.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als wären sie","title":"Als plus the subjunctive","body":"als wären sie means 'as though they were'. als, 'as though', is followed by wären, the past subjunctive of sein, 'to be', which moves to first position before the subject sie. The subjunctive marks the comparison as unreal."}],"words":[{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on wären","gloss":"as though"},{"surface":"wären","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wären","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"Eulennester","lemma":"Eulennest","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on wären","gloss":"owls' nests"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"totentanz-s1-l4","source":"Ihr Ängsten näßt wie eine Beule,","translation":"Their terror weeps like a swelling,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ängsten näßt","title":"A noun from ängsten, and näßt","body":"näßt is from nässen, 'to moisten, to ooze', used of a sore that runs. Ängsten turns the verb ängsten, 'to be afraid', into a singular abstract noun, 'their fear', which takes the singular verb näßt. Beule means 'a swelling, boil'. The ß is the pre-1996 spelling of nässt."}],"words":[{"surface":"Ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Ängsten","gloss":"Their"},{"surface":"Ängsten","lemma":"Angst","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on näßt","gloss":"terror","note":"Archaic/poetic plural form; standard plural of 'Angst' is 'Ängste'."},{"surface":"näßt","lemma":"nässen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"weeps"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on Beule","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"eine","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Beule","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Beule","lemma":"Beule","morphology":"noun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on näßt","gloss":"swelling"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"totentanz-s1-l5","source":"und der Vorgeruch ihrer Fäule","translation":"and the foretaste-smell of their rot","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Vorgeruch","title":"A coined compound for smell","body":"Vorgeruch joins vor-, 'before, fore-', with Geruch, 'smell', on the model of Vorgeschmack, 'foretaste'. It names a smell that arrives in advance. ihrer Fäule is genitive of die Fäule, 'rot', so the phrase means 'the fore-smell of their rot'."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ist (s1-l6)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Vorgeruch","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Vorgeruch","lemma":"Vorgeruch","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"subject of ist (s1-l6)","gloss":"foretaste-smell"},{"surface":"ihrer","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Fäule","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"Fäule","lemma":"Fäule","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Vorgeruch","gloss":"rot"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"totentanz-s1-l6","source":"ist noch ihr bester Geruch.","translation":"is still their best smell.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"ist noch ihr bester Geruch","title":"noch with a superlative","body":"This line completes the sentence begun before it: subject der Vorgeruch ihrer Fäule, verb ist, held to second position across the line break. noch here means 'still, even so'. bester is the superlative of gut, 'good', declined as masculine nominative."}],"words":[{"surface":"ist","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"is"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"ihr","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Geruch","gloss":"their"},{"surface":"bester","lemma":"gut","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular, superlative","role":"depends on Geruch","gloss":"best"},{"surface":"Geruch","lemma":"Geruch","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ist","gloss":"smell"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"totentanz-s2-l1","source":"Sie fassen den Tänzer fester,","translation":"They grip the dancer tighter,","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"fassen … fester","title":"Comparative of the adverb fest","body":"fassen means 'to seize, grasp, take hold of'; den Tänzer is its accusative object, 'the dancer'. fester is the comparative of the adverb fest, 'firmly', so fester fassen means 'to grip more tightly'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on fassen","gloss":"They"},{"surface":"fassen","lemma":"fassen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grip"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tänzer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tänzer","lemma":"Tänzer","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on fassen","gloss":"dancer"},{"surface":"fester","lemma":"fest","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fassen","gloss":"tighter"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"totentanz-s2-l2","source":"den rippenbetreßten Tänzer,","translation":"the rib-braided dancer,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"rippenbetreßt","title":"A coined word for rib braid","body":"rippenbetreßt is Rilke's own coinage, joining die Rippe, 'rib', with betreßt, the participle of betressen, 'to trim with braid', from die Tresse, 'braid'. It describes the dancer's ribs as though trimmed with the gold braid of a coat. The ß is the pre-1996 spelling."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tänzer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"rippenbetreßten","lemma":"rippenbetreßt","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Tänzer","gloss":"rib-braided"},{"surface":"Tänzer","lemma":"Tänzer","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Tänzer (s2-l1)","gloss":"dancer"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"totentanz-s2-l3","source":"den Galan, den echten Ergänzer","translation":"the gallant, the true completer","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"den Galan","title":"Old word for a gallant","body":"der Galan, borrowed from French and Spanish, names a gallant or beau, the attentive male escort of a lady. der Ergänzer, from ergänzen, 'to complete', means 'the one who completes'. Both nouns stand in apposition to Tänzer, so this dancer is called a gallant and a true completer."}],"words":[{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Galan","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Galan","lemma":"Galan","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Tänzer (s2-l1/l2)","gloss":"gallant"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ergänzer","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"echten","lemma":"echt","morphology":"adjective, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Ergänzer","gloss":"true"},{"surface":"Ergänzer","lemma":"Ergänzer","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"in apposition to Galan","gloss":"completer"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"totentanz-s2-l4","source":"zu einem ganzen Paar.","translation":"into a whole pair.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"zu einem ganzen Paar","title":"Zu plus dative for result","body":"zu here takes the dative einem ganzen Paar and marks a result, 'into a whole pair'. ganz means 'whole, entire' and das Paar means 'pair, couple'. The phrase depends on Ergänzer from the line before, so he completes each one into a whole pair."}],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"einem","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Paar","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"ganzen","lemma":"ganz","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Paar","gloss":"whole"},{"surface":"Paar","lemma":"Paar","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"pair"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"totentanz-s2-l5","source":"Und er lockert der Ordensschwester","translation":"And he loosens, for the nun,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"lockert der Ordensschwester","title":"Dative marks whose thing is loosened","body":"lockert is from lockern, 'to loosen, slacken'. der Ordensschwester is dative, marking the person the loosened thing belongs to, so the sense is 'loosens the nun's', not 'loosens for the nun' in a general way. die Ordensschwester means 'sister of an order', a nun. The object being loosened, das Tuch, follows in the next line."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on lockert","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on lockert","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lockert","lemma":"lockern","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"loosens"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Ordensschwester","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ordensschwester","lemma":"Ordensschwester","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on lockert","gloss":"nun"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"totentanz-s2-l6","source":"über dem Haar das Tuch;","translation":"over her hair, the cloth;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"über dem Haar","title":"Dative marks fixed position","body":"über is a two-way preposition, dative for a fixed location and accusative for motion toward one. Here dem Haar is dative because the cloth sits over the hair rather than moving there. das Tuch is the accusative object of lockert from the line before, held to the end of the clause."}],"words":[{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lockert (s2-l5)","gloss":"over"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Haar","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Haar","lemma":"Haar","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"hair"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Tuch","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Tuch","lemma":"Tuch","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"direct object of lockert (s2-l5)","gloss":"cloth"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"totentanz-s2-l7","source":"sie tanzen ja unter Gleichen.","translation":"for they are dancing among equals.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sie tanzen ja unter Gleichen","title":"Ja as a flavoring particle","body":"ja here is not 'yes' but a modal particle appealing to shared knowledge, close to 'after all' or 'you know'. unter Gleichen means 'among equals', unter plus the dative plural of der/die Gleiche, an adjective used as a noun for 'the equal, the like'. The parses gloss ja as 'after all'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on tanzen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tanzen","lemma":"tanzen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are dancing"},{"surface":"ja","lemma":"ja","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tanzen","gloss":"after all","note":"Flavoring particle asserting an obvious reason; rendered here as 'for'."},{"surface":"unter","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tanzen","gloss":"among"},{"surface":"Gleichen","lemma":"Gleiche","morphology":"noun, dative, plural","role":"depends on unter","gloss":"equals"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"totentanz-s2-l8","source":"Und er zieht der wachslichtbleichen","translation":"And from the candle-pale woman he draws","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der wachslichtbleichen","title":"A coined compound for candle pale","body":"wachslichtbleich joins das Wachslicht, 'wax candle', with bleich, 'pale, wan', to mean 'pale as a wax taper'. It stands as an adjective used as a noun, dative feminine singular, referring to the same nun. The dative again marks the person something is drawn from, with the object, die Lesezeichen, following two lines later."}],"words":[{"surface":"Und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on zieht","gloss":"And"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zieht","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"zieht","lemma":"ziehen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"draws"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on wachslichtbleichen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"wachslichtbleichen","lemma":"wachslichtbleich","morphology":"adjective (used as noun), dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on zieht","gloss":"candle-pale woman"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"totentanz-s2-l9","source":"leise die Lesezeichen","translation":"softly the bookmarks","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l9.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"die Lesezeichen","title":"Compound for bookmark","body":"das Lesezeichen, plural die Lesezeichen, joins lesen, 'to read', with das Zeichen, 'mark, sign', to give 'reading mark, bookmark'. leise means 'softly, gently'. Here they are accusative plural, the object of zieht from the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"leise","lemma":"leise","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zieht (s2-l8)","gloss":"softly"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on Lesezeichen","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Lesezeichen","lemma":"Lesezeichen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on zieht (s2-l8)","gloss":"bookmarks"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"totentanz-s2-l10","source":"aus ihrem Stunden-Buch.","translation":"out of her book of hours.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s2-l10.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on zieht (s2-l8)","gloss":"out of"},{"surface":"ihrem","lemma":"ihr","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Stunden-Buch","gloss":"her"},{"surface":"Stunden-Buch","lemma":"Stunden-Buch","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"book of hours","note":"A Stundenbuch (book of hours) is a devotional prayer book organized by canonical hours."}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"totentanz-s3-l1","source":"Bald wird ihnen allen zu heiß,","translation":"Soon it grows too hot for them all,","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wird ihnen allen zu heiß","title":"Impersonal construction with dative","body":"The implied subject is es, 'it', with wird, 'becomes, grows', standing second after the fronted bald, 'soon'. The person affected takes the dative, ihnen allen, 'for them all'. zu heiß means 'too hot'. Literally, 'soon it becomes too hot for them all'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Bald","lemma":"bald","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"Soon"},{"surface":"wird","lemma":"werden","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"grows"},{"surface":"ihnen","lemma":"ihnen","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"for them"},{"surface":"allen","lemma":"aller","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on ihnen","gloss":"all"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on heiß","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"heiß","lemma":"heiß","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wird","gloss":"hot"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"totentanz-s3-l2","source":"sie sind zu reich gekleidet;","translation":"they are dressed too richly;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zu reich gekleidet","title":"Past participle used predicatively","body":"gekleidet is the past participle of kleiden, 'to clothe, dress', used after sein: sie sind gekleidet, 'they are dressed'. zu reich means 'too richly'. The parses show sind as the main verb and gekleidet depending on it."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"sind","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on reich","gloss":"too"},{"surface":"reich","lemma":"reich","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gekleidet","gloss":"richly"},{"surface":"gekleidet","lemma":"kleiden","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on sind","gloss":"dressed"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"totentanz-s3-l3","source":"beißender Schweiß verleidet","translation":"stinging sweat spoils","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"verleidet","title":"Verleiden takes dative and accusative","body":"verleiden means 'to spoil something for someone, to make it hateful'. It takes a dative of the person and an accusative of the thing spoiled, so the pattern is 'sweat spoils brow and rump for them'. beißend, from beißen, 'to bite', means 'biting, stinging, acrid', describing the sweat."}],"words":[{"surface":"beißender","lemma":"beißend","morphology":"adjective, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Schweiß","gloss":"stinging"},{"surface":"Schweiß","lemma":"Schweiß","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on verleidet","gloss":"sweat"},{"surface":"verleidet","lemma":"verleiden","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"spoils"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"totentanz-s3-l4","source":"ihnen Stirne und Steiß","translation":"their brow and rump for them","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Stirne und Steiß","title":"Two nouns for brow and rump","body":"die Stirn, also spelled Stirne, means 'forehead, brow'. der Steiß means 'rump, tailbone, backside'. Both are accusative, objects of verleidet from the line before, joined by und. The parses mark ihnen as a dative of possession, so 'their brow and rump' comes from 'spoils for them, brow and rump'."}],"words":[{"surface":"ihnen","lemma":"ihnen","morphology":"pronoun, dative, plural","role":"depends on verleidet (s3-l3)","gloss":"their","note":"Dative of interest/possession: 'verleidet ihnen' = 'spoils for them' = 'spoils their'."},{"surface":"Stirne","lemma":"Stirn","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on verleidet (s3-l3)","gloss":"brow"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Stirne","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Steiß","lemma":"Steiß","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"rump"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"totentanz-s3-l5","source":"und Schauben und Hauben und Steine;","translation":"and gowns and bonnets and jewels;","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s3-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Schauben und Hauben und Steine","title":"Three nouns for garments and gems","body":"die Schaube is an old word for a wide overgown or robe. die Haube is a bonnet or cap. Steine here means 'stones' in the sense of gemstones. All three are accusative plural, still governed by verleidet, joined by repeated und, listing what else the sweat spoils."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on verleidet (s3-l3)","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Schauben","lemma":"Schaube","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"gowns","note":"'Schaube': an archaic word for a long overcoat or robe."},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Schauben","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Hauben","lemma":"Haube","morphology":"noun, accusative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"bonnets"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Schauben","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Steine","lemma":"Stein","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on und","gloss":"jewels"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"totentanz-s3-l6","source":"sie wünschen, sie wären nackt","translation":"they wish they were naked","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s3-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sie wünschen, sie wären nackt","title":"Subjunctive after wünschen","body":"wünschen, 'to wish', introduces a wish contrary to fact, so the following clause uses the past subjunctive, Konjunktiv II: sie wären nackt, 'they were naked' or 'they would be naked'. No conjunction is needed before the wished-for clause. nackt means 'naked, bare'."}],"words":[{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wünschen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"wünschen","lemma":"wünschen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"wish"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on wären","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"wären","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, third-person, plural","role":"depends on wünschen","gloss":"were"},{"surface":"nackt","lemma":"nackt","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on wären","gloss":"naked"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"totentanz-s3-l7","source":"wie ein Kind, ein Verrückter und Eine:","translation":"like a child, a madman, and a certain woman:","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s3-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ein Verrückter und Eine","title":"Adjectives used as nouns","body":"der Verrückte is an adjectival noun from verrückt, 'mad', meaning 'the madman'. Eine, capitalized, is the feminine of einer used as a noun, 'a certain woman, a particular one', set apart from a plain 'one'. The parses list a child, a madman, and this woman as three figures named before a colon."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"comparative conjunction","role":"depends on Kind","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Kind","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Kind","lemma":"Kind","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"head of the phrase","gloss":"child"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Verrückter","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Verrückter","lemma":"verrückt","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"madman","note":"Nominalized adjective: 'der Verrückte' = 'the madman', declined like an adjective."},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on Verrückter","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Eine","lemma":"einer","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"a certain woman","note":"Capitalized 'Eine' is a nominalized indefinite pronoun: 'a certain (one) woman'."}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"totentanz-s3-l8","source":"die tanzen noch immer im Takt.","translation":"they are dancing still, in time.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/totentanz-s3-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"die tanzen noch immer im Takt","title":"Die as a demonstrative pronoun","body":"die opens the line as a demonstrative pronoun, 'these, they', pointing back to the child, the madman, and the woman named before. noch immer means 'still, even now'. der Takt is the musical beat, so im Takt means 'in time, on the beat'."}],"words":[{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on tanzen","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"tanzen","lemma":"tanzen","morphology":"verb, present, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"are dancing"},{"surface":"noch","lemma":"noch","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on immer","gloss":"still"},{"surface":"immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on tanzen","gloss":"always","note":"'noch immer' is a fixed phrase meaning 'still'."},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on tanzen","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Takt","lemma":"Takt","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"time"}]}]}