{"work":{"slug":"rilke","title":{"source":"Neue Gedichte","translated":"New Poems"},"author":"Rainer Maria Rilke","language":"German","languageCode":"de","url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke"},"unit":{"kind":"poem","number":null,"id":"troestung-des-elia","title":{"source":"Tröstung des Elia","translated":"The Consoling of Elijah"},"section":"New Poems: The Other Part","summary":null,"url":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/troestung-des-elia","lines":27},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/klage-um-jonathan","next":"https://1732studios.com/books/rilke/saul-unter-den-propheten","license":"Source text: public domain (Rainer Maria Rilke, died 1926; Neue Gedichte published 1907 and 1908), from Wikisource. English translation and notes: © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC. Narration: synthesized for this edition.","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/","lines":[{"number":1,"label":"1","id":"troestung-des-elia-s1-l1","source":"Er hatte das getan und dies, den Bund","translation":"He had done that and this — to raise once more the covenant","stanza":1,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s1-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"der Bund","title":"Noun for a covenant","body":"Der Bund means a bond, league, or alliance, and in a religious context names the biblical covenant. It stands here in the accusative as the object of aufzubauen, 'to build up', in the next line, with den Bund placed ahead of its verb."}],"words":[{"surface":"Er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"hatte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on getan","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"getan","lemma":"tun","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"done"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on getan","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"dies","lemma":"dieser","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"this"},{"surface":"den","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Bund","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bund","lemma":"Bund","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aufzubauen","gloss":"covenant"}]},{"number":2,"label":"2","id":"troestung-des-elia-s1-l2","source":"wie jenen Altar wieder aufzubauen,","translation":"as well as that altar, to build them up again,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s1-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"wieder aufzubauen","title":"Separable verb as zu-infinitive","body":"Aufbauen, 'to build up, to rebuild', is a separable verb. In a zu-infinitive, zu is inserted between the prefix and the stem, written as one word: aufzubauen. Wieder, 'again', modifies the whole phrase, giving 'to rebuild the covenant and that altar'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufzubauen","gloss":"as well as"},{"surface":"jenen","lemma":"jener","morphology":"determiner, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Altar","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"Altar","lemma":"Altar","morphology":"noun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aufzubauen","gloss":"altar"},{"surface":"wieder","lemma":"wieder","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on aufzubauen","gloss":"again"},{"surface":"aufzubauen","lemma":"aufbauen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"build up"}]},{"number":3,"label":"3","id":"troestung-des-elia-s1-l3","source":"zu dem sein weitgeschleudertes Vertrauen","translation":"to which his far-flung trust","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s1-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"weitgeschleudert","title":"Coined compound for flung far","body":"Weitgeschleudert joins weit, 'far', with geschleudert, the past participle of schleudern, 'to hurl, to fling'. It describes sein Vertrauen, 'his trust', as having been flung far out. Zu dem, 'to which', refers back to jenen Altar, the altar."}],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"sein","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Vertrauen","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"weitgeschleudertes","lemma":"weitgeschleudert","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Vertrauen","gloss":"far-flung"},{"surface":"Vertrauen","lemma":"Vertrauen","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"trust"}]},{"number":4,"label":"4","id":"troestung-des-elia-s1-l4","source":"zurück als Feuer fiel von ferne, und","translation":"fell back as fire from afar, and","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s1-l4.m4a","notes":[],"words":[{"surface":"zurück","lemma":"zurück","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"back"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"as"},{"surface":"Feuer","lemma":"Feuer","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on als","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"fiel","lemma":"fallen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"fell"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"ferne","lemma":"ferne","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on von","gloss":"afar"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on fiel","gloss":"and"}]},{"number":5,"label":"5","id":"troestung-des-elia-s1-l5","source":"hatte er dann nicht Hunderte zerhauen,","translation":"had he not then cut hundreds to pieces,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s1-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"zerhauen","title":"Prefix zer- meaning to pieces","body":"Hauen means 'to strike, to hew'. The prefix zer- adds the sense of breaking something apart, so zerhauen means 'to cut, to hack to pieces'. Hunderte zerhauen means 'cut hundreds to pieces', the prophets of Baal killed after the contest on Carmel."}],"words":[{"surface":"hatte","lemma":"haben","morphology":"auxiliary verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"had"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on zerhauen","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on zerhauen","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Hunderte","lemma":"Hundert","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on zerhauen","gloss":"hundreds"},{"surface":"zerhauen","lemma":"zerhauen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"cut to pieces"}]},{"number":6,"label":"6","id":"troestung-des-elia-s1-l6","source":"weil sie ihm stanken mit dem Baal im Mund,","translation":"because they stank to him with Baal in their mouth,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s1-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sie stanken ihm","title":"Stinken governing a dative","body":"Stinken, 'to stink', is joined here to the dative ihm, 'to him': sie stanken ihm means 'they stank to him', that is, they were loathsome to him. Stanken is the past tense of the strong verb stinken, stank, gestunken."}],"words":[{"surface":"weil","lemma":"weil","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on stanken","gloss":"because"},{"surface":"sie","lemma":"sie","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, plural","role":"depends on stanken","gloss":"they"},{"surface":"ihm","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on stanken","gloss":"to him"},{"surface":"stanken","lemma":"stinken","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, plural","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"stank"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stanken","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Baal","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Baal","lemma":"Baal","morphology":"proper noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"Baal"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on stanken","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"Mund","lemma":"Mund","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"mouth"}]},{"number":7,"label":"7","id":"troestung-des-elia-s1-l7","source":"am Bache schlachtend bis ans Abendgrauen,","translation":"slaughtering at the brook until the grey of evening,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s1-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"schlachtend","title":"Present participle used adverbially","body":"Schlachtend, 'slaughtering', is the present participle of schlachten, formed by adding -d to the infinitive. Used adverbially, it attaches an ongoing action to the main verb. Am Bache keeps the older dative -e ending on Bach, 'brook'."}],"words":[{"surface":"am","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schlachtend","gloss":"at the"},{"surface":"Bache","lemma":"Bach","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on am","gloss":"brook"},{"surface":"schlachtend","lemma":"schlachten","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on hatte","gloss":"slaughtering"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ans","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"ans","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on schlachtend","gloss":"to the"},{"surface":"Abendgrauen","lemma":"Abendgrauen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ans","gloss":"grey of evening"}]},{"number":8,"label":"8","id":"troestung-des-elia-s2-l1","source":"das mit dem Regengrau sich groß verband?","translation":"which merged, vast, with the grey of the rain?","stanza":2,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s2-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"sich verband","title":"Reflexive verb meaning to merge","body":"Sich verbinden mit means 'to combine, to merge with'. Das, sich groß verband means 'which merged, vast'; the relative das refers back to Abendgrauen, 'the grey of evening', joining it with dem Regengrau, 'the grey of the rain'. Verband is the past tense of verbinden."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on verband","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on verband","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Regengrau","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Regengrau","lemma":"Regengrau","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"grey of the rain"},{"surface":"sich","lemma":"sich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular, reflexive","role":"depends on verband","gloss":"itself"},{"surface":"groß","lemma":"groß","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on verband","gloss":"vast"},{"surface":"verband","lemma":"verbinden","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"merged"}]},{"number":9,"label":"9","id":"troestung-des-elia-s2-l2","source":"Doch als ihn von der Königin der Bote","translation":"But when the queen's messenger","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s2-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"als ihn … der Bote … antrat","title":"Verb held to clause end","body":"Als is a subordinating conjunction, so the finite verb goes to the end of its clause, here antrat, held back to the next line. Als ihn der Bote antrat und bedrohte means 'when the messenger confronted and threatened him'. Von der Königin names whose messenger he is."}],"words":[{"surface":"Doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on lief","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"als","lemma":"als","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on antrat","gloss":"when"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on antrat","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"von","lemma":"von","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Bote","gloss":"of"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Königin","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Königin","lemma":"Königin","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on von","gloss":"queen"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Bote","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Bote","lemma":"Bote","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on antrat","gloss":"messenger"}]},{"number":10,"label":"10","id":"troestung-des-elia-s2-l3","source":"nach solchem Werktag antrat und bedrohte,","translation":"confronted and threatened him after such a day's work,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s2-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"antrat","title":"A separable verb of confrontation","body":"Antreten is separable and literally means 'to step up to' someone. Antrat is its past tense; in a main clause the prefix would split off as trat an. Werktag means 'working day'."}],"words":[{"surface":"nach","lemma":"nach","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on antrat","gloss":"after"},{"surface":"solchem","lemma":"solcher","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Werktag","gloss":"such a"},{"surface":"Werktag","lemma":"Werktag","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on nach","gloss":"workday"},{"surface":"antrat","lemma":"antreten","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"confronted"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on antrat","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"bedrohte","lemma":"bedrohen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on und","gloss":"threatened"}]},{"number":11,"label":"11","id":"troestung-des-elia-s2-l4","source":"da lief er wie ein Irrer in das Land,","translation":"then he ran like a madman into the wilderness,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s2-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ein Irrer","title":"An adjective used as a noun","body":"Ein Irrer is the adjective irre, 'deranged, lost', declined like a noun, giving 'a madman'. Da, 'then', opens the main clause and pushes the verb to second position: da lief er means 'then he ran'. In das Land means 'into the wilderness'."}],"words":[{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lief","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"lief","lemma":"laufen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"ran"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on lief","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Irrer","gloss":"like"},{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Irrer","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Irrer","lemma":"Irrer","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on lief","gloss":"madman"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on lief","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Land","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Land","lemma":"Land","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"wilderness"}]},{"number":12,"label":"12","id":"troestung-des-elia-s3-l1","source":"so lange, bis er unterm Ginsterstrauche","translation":"so long, until beneath the broom-bush","stanza":3,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s3-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Ginsterstrauche","title":"A compound plant name","body":"Ginster is broom, the shrub Genista, and Strauch is a bush. Unterm Ginsterstrauche, 'beneath the broom-bush', shows unterm contracting unter dem, with the older dative ending -e on Strauche. So lange, bis means 'so long, until'."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lange","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"lange","lemma":"lange","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on lief","gloss":"long"},{"surface":"bis","lemma":"bis","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on aufbrach","gloss":"until"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on aufbrach","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"unterm","lemma":"unter","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufbrach","gloss":"beneath the"},{"surface":"Ginsterstrauche","lemma":"Ginsterstrauch","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on unterm","gloss":"broom-bush"}]},{"number":13,"label":"13","id":"troestung-des-elia-s3-l2","source":"wie weggeworfen aufbrach in Geschrei,","translation":"he broke, as if cast away, into a cry,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s3-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aufbrach in Geschrei","title":"To break open, not set out","body":"Aufbrechen usually means 'to set out', but here it means 'to burst open': aufbrach in Geschrei is 'broke out into a cry'. Weggeworfen, the past participle of wegwerfen, 'to throw away', gives wie weggeworfen, 'as though cast away'. Geschrei means 'shouting, outcry'."}],"words":[{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on weggeworfen","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"weggeworfen","lemma":"weggeworfen","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on aufbrach","gloss":"cast away"},{"surface":"aufbrach","lemma":"aufbrechen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"broke"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aufbrach","gloss":"into"},{"surface":"Geschrei","lemma":"Geschrei","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"a cry"}]},{"number":14,"label":"14","id":"troestung-des-elia-s3-l3","source":"das in der Wüste brüllte: Gott, gebrauche","translation":"that roared in the desert: God, use","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s3-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"gebrauche","title":"An imperative addressed to God","body":"Gebrauche is the imperative of gebrauchen, 'to use, to make use of', addressed to Gott. Its object mich continues into the next line: Gott, gebrauche mich länger nicht, 'God, use me no longer'. Das brüllte, 'that roared', refers back to the cry."}],"words":[{"surface":"das","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on brüllte","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on brüllte","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Wüste","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Wüste","lemma":"Wüste","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on in","gloss":"desert"},{"surface":"brüllte","lemma":"brüllen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"roared"},{"surface":"Gott","lemma":"Gott","morphology":"noun, vocative, masculine, singular","role":"addressee of gebrauche","gloss":"God"},{"surface":"gebrauche","lemma":"gebrauchen","morphology":"verb, imperative, second-person, singular","role":"main verb of the quoted clause","gloss":"use"}]},{"number":15,"label":"15","id":"troestung-des-elia-s3-l4","source":"mich länger nicht. Ich bin entzwei.","translation":"me no longer. I am broken in two.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s3-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"entzwei","title":"A word meaning broken in two","body":"Entzwei is an adverb built from in zwei, 'into two', and means 'in two, apart, broken'. Ich bin entzwei means 'I am broken in two, I am in pieces'. It closes the sentence begun two lines earlier with the command gebrauche."}],"words":[{"surface":"mich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, singular","role":"depends on gebrauche","gloss":"me"},{"surface":"länger","lemma":"lang","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on gebrauche","gloss":"longer"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on gebrauche","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"Ich","lemma":"ich","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, singular","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"I"},{"surface":"bin","lemma":"sein","morphology":"auxiliary verb, present, indicative, first-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"am"},{"surface":"entzwei","lemma":"entzwei","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on bin","gloss":"broken in two"}]},{"number":16,"label":"16","id":"troestung-des-elia-s4-l1","source":"Doch grade da kam ihn der Engel ätzen","translation":"But just then the angel came to feed him","stanza":4,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s4-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"ätzen","title":"An old word for feeding","body":"Ätzen usually means 'to corrode, to etch', but here it carries an older sense, 'to feed', as a bird feeds its young. Kam ihn der Engel ätzen means 'the angel came to feed him', with ihn as the accusative object. It is a variant spelling of the separate verb atzen."}],"words":[{"surface":"Doch","lemma":"doch","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"but"},{"surface":"grade","lemma":"grade","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"just"},{"surface":"da","lemma":"da","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ätzen","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Engel","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Engel","lemma":"Engel","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"angel"},{"surface":"ätzen","lemma":"atzen","morphology":"verb, infinitive","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"feed","note":"Here \"ätzen\" is an old spelling of \"atzen\" (to feed a bird/nourish), not the modern verb \"ätzen\" (to etch, corrode)."}]},{"number":17,"label":"17","id":"troestung-des-elia-s4-l2","source":"mit einer Speise, die er tief empfing,","translation":"with a food that he received deep within,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s4-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Speise / empfing","title":"Food and a verb for receiving","body":"Die Speise means 'food, nourishment, a dish', a more formal word than das Essen. Empfing is the past tense of the strong verb empfangen, 'to receive'. Die er tief empfing means 'which he received deep within'."}],"words":[{"surface":"mit","lemma":"mit","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ätzen","gloss":"with"},{"surface":"einer","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Speise","gloss":"a"},{"surface":"Speise","lemma":"Speise","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on mit","gloss":"food"},{"surface":"die","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on empfing","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on empfing","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"tief","lemma":"tief","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on empfing","gloss":"deep within"},{"surface":"empfing","lemma":"empfangen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"depends on Speise","gloss":"received"}]},{"number":18,"label":"18","id":"troestung-des-elia-s4-l3","source":"so daß er lange dann an Weideplätzen","translation":"so that for a long time then, past pastures","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s4-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"so daß","title":"A result clause sends the verb late","body":"So daß, the older spelling of so dass, means 'so that' and introduces a clause of result, sending its finite verb to the end, here ging, held back a line. So daß er lange dann ging means 'so that he then walked for a long time'."}],"words":[{"surface":"so","lemma":"so","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on daß","gloss":"so"},{"surface":"daß","lemma":"daß","morphology":"subordinating conjunction","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"that"},{"surface":"er","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"he"},{"surface":"lange","lemma":"lange","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"for a long time"},{"surface":"dann","lemma":"dann","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"then"},{"surface":"an","lemma":"an","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"past"},{"surface":"Weideplätzen","lemma":"Weideplatz","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"pastures"}]},{"number":19,"label":"19","id":"troestung-des-elia-s4-l4","source":"und Wassern immer zum Gebirge ging,","translation":"and waters, walked on and on toward the mountain,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s4-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Gebirge","title":"A collective noun for mountains","body":"Das Gebirge is a mountain range, built from the collective prefix Ge- on Berg, 'mountain'. Zum Gebirge ging means 'walked toward the mountains', zum contracting zu dem. Immer here means 'on and on', marking the length of the walk."}],"words":[{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"Wassern","lemma":"Wasser","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, plural","role":"depends on an","gloss":"waters"},{"surface":"immer","lemma":"immer","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"on and on"},{"surface":"zum","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"toward the"},{"surface":"Gebirge","lemma":"Gebirge","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zum","gloss":"mountain"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"walked"}]},{"number":20,"label":"20","id":"troestung-des-elia-s5-l1","source":"zu dem der Herr um seinetwillen kam:","translation":"to which the Lord came for his sake:","stanza":5,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s5-l1.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"um seinetwillen","title":"A fixed phrase for his sake","body":"Um willen means 'for the sake of' and wraps around its object; with a pronoun it takes special forms like meinetwillen and seinetwillen. Um seinetwillen means 'for his sake'. Zu dem kam means 'to which it came', with dem pointing back to Gebirge."}],"words":[{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"to"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Herr","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Herr","lemma":"Herr","morphology":"noun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"Lord"},{"surface":"um","lemma":"um","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"for"},{"surface":"seinetwillen","lemma":"seinetwillen","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on um","gloss":"his sake","note":"Idiom \"um jemandes willen\" = for someone's sake; \"seinetwillen\" is an old genitive-based form meaning \"his.\""},{"surface":"kam","lemma":"kommen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"came"}]},{"number":21,"label":"21","id":"troestung-des-elia-s5-l2","source":"im Sturme nicht und nicht im Sich-Zerspalten","translation":"not in the storm, and not in the splitting-apart","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s5-l2.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"das Sich-Zerspalten","title":"A reflexive verb made a noun","body":"The infinitive of sich zerspalten, 'to split itself apart', is capitalized with its reflexive pronoun kept, making the noun das Sich-Zerspalten, 'the splitting-apart'. Nicht und nicht, 'not and not', lists what the Lord was not in, as in the account in Kings."}],"words":[{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on kam","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Sturme","lemma":"Sturm","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"storm"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on im","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on nicht","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"nicht","lemma":"nicht","morphology":"particle","role":"depends on im","gloss":"not"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on und","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"Sich-Zerspalten","lemma":"Sich-Zerspalten","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"splitting-apart"}]},{"number":22,"label":"22","id":"troestung-des-elia-s5-l3","source":"der Erde, der entlang in schweren Falten","translation":"of the earth, along which, in heavy folds,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s5-l3.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"der entlang","title":"A preposition placed after its noun","body":"Entlang, 'along', here follows its noun and governs the dative: der entlang means 'along which', with der reaching back to der Erde, 'the earth'. Der Erde is a genitive completing Sich-Zerspalten der Erde, 'the earth's splitting apart'."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Erde","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Erde","lemma":"Erde","morphology":"noun, genitive, feminine, singular","role":"depends on Sich-Zerspalten","gloss":"earth"},{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on entlang","gloss":"which"},{"surface":"entlang","lemma":"entlang","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"along"},{"surface":"in","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on entlang","gloss":"in"},{"surface":"schweren","lemma":"schwer","morphology":"adjective, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on Falten","gloss":"heavy"},{"surface":"Falten","lemma":"Falte","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, plural","role":"depends on in","gloss":"folds"}]},{"number":23,"label":"23","id":"troestung-des-elia-s5-l4","source":"ein leeres Feuer ging, fast wie aus Scham","translation":"an empty fire moved, almost as if from shame","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s5-l4.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"aus Scham","title":"A preposition naming a motive","body":"Aus plus a bare noun names a motive, so aus Scham means 'out of shame', on the pattern of aus Angst, 'out of fear'. Ein leeres Feuer ging means 'an empty fire moved', continuing the list of things the Lord was not in."}],"words":[{"surface":"ein","lemma":"ein","morphology":"determiner, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Feuer","gloss":"an"},{"surface":"leeres","lemma":"leer","morphology":"adjective, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Feuer","gloss":"empty"},{"surface":"Feuer","lemma":"Feuer","morphology":"noun, nominative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"fire"},{"surface":"ging","lemma":"gehen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"moved"},{"surface":"fast","lemma":"fast","morphology":"adverb","role":"depends on ging","gloss":"almost"},{"surface":"wie","lemma":"wie","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"as if"},{"surface":"aus","lemma":"aus","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on wie","gloss":"from"},{"surface":"Scham","lemma":"Scham","morphology":"noun, dative, feminine, singular","role":"depends on aus","gloss":"shame"}]},{"number":24,"label":"24","id":"troestung-des-elia-s5-l5","source":"über des Ungeheuren ausgeruhtes","translation":"at the monstrous thing's well-rested","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s5-l5.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"des Ungeheuren","title":"A genitive built from an adjective","body":"Das Ungeheure is the adjective 'monstrous, immense' used as a noun; des Ungeheuren is its genitive, 'of the monstrous thing', depending on Hinstürzen two lines further on. Ausgeruhtes, the past participle of sich ausruhen, 'to rest', is a neuter adjective agreeing with that noun."}],"words":[{"surface":"über","lemma":"über","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Hinstürzen","gloss":"at"},{"surface":"des","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Ungeheuren","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"Ungeheuren","lemma":"Ungeheuer","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"monstrous thing's"},{"surface":"ausgeruhtes","lemma":"ausgeruht","morphology":"adjective, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Hinstürzen","gloss":"well-rested"}]},{"number":25,"label":"25","id":"troestung-des-elia-s5-l6","source":"Hinstürzen zu dem angekommnen Alten,","translation":"plunging-down toward the old man who had arrived,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s5-l6.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"das Hinstürzen","title":"Falling turned into a noun","body":"Hinstürzen is separable and means 'to plunge or crash down' toward a point away from the speaker; das Hinstürzen makes it a noun, 'the plunging-down'. Angekommnen shortens the past participle angekommen, from ankommen, 'to arrive'. Der Alte means 'the old man'."}],"words":[{"surface":"Hinstürzen","lemma":"hinstürzen","morphology":"noun, accusative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on über","gloss":"plunging-down"},{"surface":"zu","lemma":"zu","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on Hinstürzen","gloss":"toward"},{"surface":"dem","lemma":"der","morphology":"determiner, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Alten","gloss":"the"},{"surface":"angekommnen","lemma":"angekommen","morphology":"adjective, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on Alten","gloss":"arrived"},{"surface":"Alten","lemma":"Alte","morphology":"noun, dative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on zu","gloss":"old man"}]},{"number":26,"label":"26","id":"troestung-des-elia-s5-l7","source":"der ihn im sanften Sausen seines Blutes","translation":"who, in the gentle rushing of his blood,","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s5-l7.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"vocabulary","term":"Sausen","title":"A noun for a rushing sound","body":"Sausen means 'to rush, to whir, to swish', of wind or fast motion; das Sausen, its noun form, is that whirring sound. Im sanften Sausen seines Blutes means 'in the gentle rushing of his blood', with seines Blutes a genitive."}],"words":[{"surface":"der","lemma":"der","morphology":"pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vernahm","gloss":"who"},{"surface":"ihn","lemma":"er","morphology":"pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular","role":"depends on vernahm","gloss":"him"},{"surface":"im","lemma":"in","morphology":"preposition","role":"depends on vernahm","gloss":"in the"},{"surface":"sanften","lemma":"sanft","morphology":"adjective, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Sausen","gloss":"gentle"},{"surface":"Sausen","lemma":"Sausen","morphology":"noun, dative, neuter, singular","role":"depends on im","gloss":"rushing"},{"surface":"seines","lemma":"sein","morphology":"determiner, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Blutes","gloss":"his"},{"surface":"Blutes","lemma":"Blut","morphology":"noun, genitive, neuter, singular","role":"depends on Sausen","gloss":"blood"}]},{"number":27,"label":"27","id":"troestung-des-elia-s5-l8","source":"erschreckt und zugedeckt vernahm.","translation":"took it in, startled and covered over.","audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/rilke/troestung-des-elia-s5-l8.m4a","notes":[{"kind":"grammar","term":"vernahm","title":"The delayed main verb of perceiving","body":"Vernahm is the past tense of the strong verb vernehmen, 'to perceive, to take in', the long-delayed verb of the relative clause opened by der, 'who'. Erschreckt, 'startled', and zugedeckt, 'covered over', are past participles describing the subject; ihn, the object, stands in the line before."}],"words":[{"surface":"erschreckt","lemma":"erschrecken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on vernahm","gloss":"startled"},{"surface":"und","lemma":"und","morphology":"conjunction","role":"depends on erschreckt","gloss":"and"},{"surface":"zugedeckt","lemma":"zudecken","morphology":"verb, participle","role":"depends on und","gloss":"covered over"},{"surface":"vernahm","lemma":"vernehmen","morphology":"verb, past, indicative, third-person, singular","role":"main verb of the sentence","gloss":"took in"}]}]}