{"course":{"lang":"grc","language":"Ancient Greek","title":"Homeric Greek","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/grc","source":"Clyde Pharr, Homeric Greek: A Book for Beginners, Boston, 1920. Public domain. The teaching pages, the English on reveal, the word glosses and the keys to the English-to-Greek exercises are ours."},"unit":{"number":7,"id":"grc.module.ph.31-35","title":"Lessons XXXI to XXXV","stage":"Pharr II: The Whole Verb","situation":null,"outcome":"Relative, Interrogative, and Indefinite Pronouns · Iliad 86-92 · Regular Verbs in -ΜΙ · Iliad 93-100 · Regular Verbs in -μι (continued) · Review of Regular -μι Verbs · Irregular Verbs in -μι, εἰμί, and Enclitics","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/grc/7","lines":86},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/grc/6","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/grc/8","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/","sections":[{"title":"Lesson XXXI: Relative, Interrogative, and Indefinite Pronouns · Iliad 86-92","teaching":[{"title":"Interrogative and indefinite pronouns","paragraphs":["An interrogative pronoun asks a question. τίς, τί means who? which? what? Its accent is always on the first syllable, and it never becomes a grave.","τίνες εὔχονται εἶναι πολλὸν ἄριστοι Δαναῶν; Who boast that they are far the best of the Danaans?","An indefinite pronoun refers to someone without saying who. τὶς, τὶ means some one, any one, something. Its forms are the same as the interrogative's. Only the accent differs. The indefinite is an enclitic.","So τίς with its accent asks a question. τὶς without it refers to someone not named. The forms correspond: τίνα and τινά, neuter τί and τὶ.","In the lines you will find οὔ τις, not any one, so no one. οὔ τις συμπάντων Δαναῶν, no one of all the Danaans."]},{"title":"Relative pronouns","paragraphs":["A relative pronoun begins a description of a noun: the god to whom Calchas prays. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ means who, which, what, with a form for each gender.","Pharr's sentence: Ἀπόλλων ἐστὶ θεὸς ᾧ τε Κάλχᾱς εὔχεται, Apollo is a god to whom Calchas prays. ᾧ is dative because Calchas prays to him.","The word list also gives ὅς τε, ἥ τε, ὅ τε, who, which, what or whatever. It is the relative with τε added, as in ᾧ τε.","ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι means whoever, whichever, whatever. It is the relative joined to τὶς. Pharr says each part changes its form, or sometimes only the second part.","Printers write the neuter as ὅ τι. This keeps it apart from the word ὅτι, which means that, because or why."]},{"title":"No one will harm Calchas","paragraphs":["In these lines a speaker swears by Apollo. Calchas prays to Apollo when he reveals the oracles to the Danaans.","While the speaker lives and sees the light upon the earth, no one will lay heavy hands on Calchas beside the hollow ships.","This is true even if Calchas names Agamemnon, who now claims to be far the best of the Achaeans. Then the blameless seer takes heart and speaks.","Find ὃς, who, in the last of these lines, and οὔ τις, no one. ᾧ τε σύ, to whom you, is another relative."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"grc.ph.L31.g195.1","source":"πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς εἶπε μάντει ἀμύμονι· “ὄμνυμι μὰ θεὸν Ἀπόλλωνα διΐφιλον, Ἀγαμέμνων ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν οὐκ ἐποίσει βαρείᾱς χεῖράς σοι κοίλῃς παρὰ νηυσίν.”","translation":"Achilles, swift of foot, spoke to the blameless seer: “I swear by the god Apollo, dear to Zeus, Agamemnon, best of the Achaeans, shall not lay heavy hands upon you beside the hollow ships.”","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"πόδας","gloss":"πούς: foot"},{"text":"ὠκὺς","gloss":"swift, fleet"},{"text":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"Achilles"},{"text":"εἶπε","gloss":"εἴρω: speak, say, tell"},{"text":"μάντει","gloss":"μάντις: seer, prophet, soothsayer"},{"text":"ἀμύμονι·","gloss":"ἀ-μύμων: blameless, noble"},{"text":"“ὄμνυμι","gloss":"swear, pledge with an oath, swear to"},{"text":"μὰ","gloss":"surely, verily"},{"text":"θεὸν","gloss":"θεός: god, divinity"},{"text":"Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"Ἀπόλλων: Apollo"},{"text":"διΐφιλον,","gloss":"διί-φιλος: dear to Zeus"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"},{"text":"ἄριστος","gloss":"best, noblest, bravest"},{"text":"Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"οὐκ","gloss":"οὐ: not, no"},{"text":"ἐποίσει","gloss":"ἐπι-φέρω: bear upon, bear against"},{"text":"βαρείᾱς","gloss":"βαρύς: heavy, weighty, violent, severe"},{"text":"χεῖράς","gloss":"χείρ: hand, arm"},{"text":"σοι","gloss":"σύ: you"},{"text":"κοίλῃς","gloss":"κοῖλος: hollow"},{"text":"παρὰ","gloss":"beside, along, by the side of"},{"text":"νηυσίν.”","gloss":"νηῦς: ship"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.g195.1.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"grc.ph.L31.g195.2","source":"Κάλχᾱς μάντις ἀμύμων εὐχόμενος Ἀπόλλωνι ἀναφαίνει θεοπροπίᾱς Δαναοῖσιν.","translation":"Calchas, the blameless seer, praying to Apollo, reveals the oracles to the Danaans.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Κάλχᾱς","gloss":"Calchas"},{"text":"μάντις","gloss":"seer, prophet, soothsayer"},{"text":"ἀμύμων","gloss":"ἀ-μύμων: blameless, noble"},{"text":"εὐχόμενος","gloss":"εὔχ-ομαι: pray, talk loud, boast, exult"},{"text":"Ἀπόλλωνι","gloss":"Ἀπόλλων: Apollo"},{"text":"ἀναφαίνει","gloss":"ἀνα-φαίνω: reveal, show (up), manifest"},{"text":"θεοπροπίᾱς","gloss":"θεο-προπίη: oracle, prophecy"},{"text":"Δαναοῖσιν.","gloss":"Δαναός: Danaan, Greek"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.g195.2.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"grc.ph.L31.g195.3","source":"Ἀχιλῆος ζῶντος καὶ δερκομένοιο ἐπὶ χθονί, οὔ τις συμπάντων Δαναῶν ἐποίσει βαρείᾱς χεῖρας Κάλχαντι μάντει.","translation":"While Achilles lives and looks out upon the earth, no one of all the Danaans will lay heavy hands upon Calchas the seer.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ἀχιλῆος","gloss":"Ἀχιλλεύς: Achilles"},{"text":"ζῶντος","gloss":"ζώ-ω: live"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and, also, even"},{"text":"δερκομένοιο","gloss":"δέρκομαι: see, look, behold"},{"text":"ἐπὶ","gloss":"to, (up)on, against, by"},{"text":"χθονί,","gloss":"χθών: earth, land, country"},{"text":"οὔ","gloss":"not, no"},{"text":"τις","gloss":"some(one), any(one)"},{"text":"συμπάντων","gloss":"σύμ-πας: all (together)"},{"text":"Δαναῶν","gloss":"Δαναός: Danaan, Greek"},{"text":"ἐποίσει","gloss":"ἐπι-φέρω: bear upon, bear against"},{"text":"βαρείᾱς","gloss":"βαρύς: heavy, weighty, violent, severe"},{"text":"χεῖρας","gloss":"χείρ: hand, arm"},{"text":"Κάλχαντι","gloss":"Κάλχας: Calchas"},{"text":"μάντει.","gloss":"μάντις: seer, prophet, soothsayer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.g195.3.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"grc.ph.L31.g195.4","source":"δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς σαώσει Κάλχαντα μάντιν, ἢν εἴπῃ Ἀγαμέμνονα, ὃς εὔχεται εἶναι πολλὸν ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν.","translation":"Divine Achilles will save Calchas the seer, if he names Agamemnon, who boasts that he is far the best of the Achaeans.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"δῖος","gloss":"divine, godlike, glorious, heavenly"},{"text":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"Achilles"},{"text":"σαώσει","gloss":"σαό-ω: save, protect, rescue, preserve"},{"text":"Κάλχαντα","gloss":"Κάλχας: Calchas"},{"text":"μάντιν,","gloss":"μάντις: seer, prophet, soothsayer"},{"text":"ἢν","gloss":"if"},{"text":"εἴπῃ","gloss":"εἴρω: speak, say, tell"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνονα,","gloss":"Ἀγαμέμνων: Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"},{"text":"ὃς","gloss":"who, which, what"},{"text":"εὔχεται","gloss":"εὔχ-ομαι: pray, talk loud, boast, exult"},{"text":"εἶναι","gloss":"εἰμί: be"},{"text":"πολλὸν","gloss":"πολλός: much, many, numerous"},{"text":"ἄριστος","gloss":"best, noblest, bravest"},{"text":"Ἀχαιῶν.","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.g195.4.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"grc.ph.L31.g195.5","source":"ἢν Ἀχιλλεὺς σαώσει μάντιν, θαρσήσει καὶ αὐδήσει θεοπροπίᾱς ἑκατηβελέτᾱο ἄνακτος.","translation":"If Achilles saves the seer, he will take courage and declare the oracles of the free-shooting lord.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἢν","gloss":"if"},{"text":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"Achilles"},{"text":"σαώσει","gloss":"σαό-ω: save, protect, rescue, preserve"},{"text":"μάντιν,","gloss":"μάντις: seer, prophet, soothsayer"},{"text":"θαρσήσει","gloss":"θαρσέ-ω: take heart, take courage, be bold, dare"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and, also, even"},{"text":"αὐδήσει","gloss":"αὐδά-ω: speak, say, declare, shout, cry out"},{"text":"θεοπροπίᾱς","gloss":"θεο-προπίη: oracle, prophecy"},{"text":"ἑκατηβελέτᾱο","gloss":"ἑκατη-βελέτης: free-shooter, free-shooting, sharp-shooter"},{"text":"ἄνακτος.","gloss":"ἄναξ: king, lord, protector"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.g195.5.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"grc.ph.L31.g195.6","source":"Ἀπόλλων ἐστὶ θεὸς ᾧ τε Κάλχᾱς εὔχεται.","translation":"Apollo is a god to whom Calchas prays.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Apollo"},{"text":"ἐστὶ","gloss":"(he, she, it) is, there is"},{"text":"θεὸς","gloss":"god, divinity"},{"text":"ᾧ","gloss":"ὅς τε: who, which, what(ever)"},{"text":"τε","gloss":"ὅς τε: who, which, what(ever)"},{"text":"Κάλχᾱς","gloss":"Calchas"},{"text":"εὔχεται.","gloss":"εὔχ-ομαι: pray, talk loud, boast, exult"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.g195.6.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"grc.ph.L31.e198.1","source":"θαρσήσας εἰπὲ θεοπροπίᾱς Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκατηβελέτᾱο.","translation":"Take courage and speak the oracles of Apollo the free-shooter.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.e198.1.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"grc.ph.L31.e198.2","source":"μὰ Ἀπόλλωνα Διὸς υἱόν, Ἀχαιοὶ οὐκ ἐποίσουσι βαρείᾱς χεῖράς σοι κοίλῃς παρὰ νηυσίν.","translation":"By Apollo, son of Zeus, the Achaeans shall not lay heavy hands upon you beside the hollow ships.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.e198.2.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"grc.ph.L31.e198.3","source":"μάντις ἀμύμων εὔχεται Ἀπόλλωνι ἑκατηβελέτῃ καὶ ἀναφαίνει θεοπροπίᾱς θεοῦ Δαναοῖσιν.","translation":"The blameless seer prays to Apollo the free-shooter and reveals the oracles of God to the Danaans.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.e198.3.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"grc.ph.L31.e198.4","source":"Ἀχαιῶν ζώντων καὶ δερκομένων ἐπὶ χθονί, Ἀγαμέμνων οὐκ ἐποίσει βαρείᾱς χεῖρας γέροντι ἱερῆι Ἀπόλλωνος κοίλῃς παρὰ νηυσίν.","translation":"While the Achaeans live and look out upon the earth Agamemnon shall not lay heavy hands upon the old priest of Apollo beside the hollow ships.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.e198.4.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"grc.ph.L31.e198.5","source":"τίνες εὔχονται εἶναι πολλὸν ἄριστοι Δαναῶν;","translation":"Who boast that they are far the best of the Danaans?","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L31.e198.5.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"grc.ph.L31.r196.86","source":"οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα διίφιλον, ᾧ τε σύ, Κάλχαν,","translation":"for by Apollo, beloved of Zeus, to whom you, Calchas,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οὐ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"text":"μὰ","gloss":"by"},{"text":"γὰρ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"Ἀπόλλωνα","gloss":"Ἀπόλλων: Apollo"},{"text":"διίφιλον,","gloss":"διίφιλος: dear to Zeus"},{"text":"ᾧ","gloss":"ὅς: to whom"},{"text":"τε","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"text":"σύ,","gloss":"you"},{"text":"Κάλχαν,","gloss":"Κάλχας: Calchas"}],"audio":null},{"number":13,"id":"grc.ph.L31.r196.87","source":"εὐχόμενος Δαναοῖσι θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις,","translation":"pray, and to the Danaans make known his prophecies,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"εὐχόμενος","gloss":"εὔχομαι: pray"},{"text":"Δαναοῖσι","gloss":"Δαναοί: to the Danaans"},{"text":"θεοπροπίας","gloss":"θεοπροπία: his prophecies"},{"text":"ἀναφαίνεις,","gloss":"ἀναφαίνω: make known"}],"audio":null},{"number":14,"id":"grc.ph.L31.r196.88","source":"οὔ τις ἐμεῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο","translation":"no man, while I live and see the light upon this earth,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οὔ","gloss":"no"},{"text":"τις","gloss":"man"},{"text":"ἐμεῦ","gloss":"ἐγώ: I"},{"text":"ζῶντος","gloss":"ζάω: live"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ἐπὶ","gloss":"upon"},{"text":"χθονὶ","gloss":"χθών: earth"},{"text":"δερκομένοιο","gloss":"δέρκομαι: see the light"}],"audio":null},{"number":15,"id":"grc.ph.L31.r196.89","source":"σοὶ κοίλῃς παρὰ νηυσὶ βαρείας χεῖρας ἐποίσει","translation":"shall lay heavy hands on you beside the hollow ships,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"σοὶ","gloss":"σύ: on you"},{"text":"κοίλῃς","gloss":"κοῖλος: hollow"},{"text":"παρὰ","gloss":"beside"},{"text":"νηυσὶ","gloss":"ναῦς: ships"},{"text":"βαρείας","gloss":"βαρύς: heavy"},{"text":"χεῖρας","gloss":"χείρ: hands"},{"text":"ἐποίσει","gloss":"ἐπιφέρω: shall lay"}],"audio":null},{"number":16,"id":"grc.ph.L31.r196.90","source":"συμπάντων Δαναῶν, οὐδ’ ἢν Ἀγαμέμνονα εἴπῃς,","translation":"of all the Danaans, not even if you name Agamemnon,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"συμπάντων","gloss":"σύμπας: of all"},{"text":"Δαναῶν,","gloss":"Δαναοί: the Danaans"},{"text":"οὐδ’","gloss":"οὐδέ: nor"},{"text":"ἢν","gloss":"ἐάν: if"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνονα","gloss":"Ἀγαμέμνων: Agamemnon"},{"text":"εἴπῃς,","gloss":"εἶπον: you name"}],"audio":null},{"number":17,"id":"grc.ph.L31.r196.91","source":"ὃς νῦν πολλὸν ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν εὔχεται εἶναι.”","translation":"who now boasts he is far the best of the Achaeans.\"","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ὃς","gloss":"who"},{"text":"νῦν","gloss":"now"},{"text":"πολλὸν","gloss":"πολύς: far"},{"text":"ἄριστος","gloss":"the best"},{"text":"Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: of the Achaeans"},{"text":"εὔχεται","gloss":"εὔχομαι: boasts"},{"text":"εἶναι.”","gloss":"εἰμί: he is"}],"audio":null},{"number":18,"id":"grc.ph.L31.r196.92","source":"καὶ τότε δὴ θάρσησε καὶ ηὖδα μάντις ἀμύμων·","translation":"Then indeed the blameless seer took heart and spoke:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and"},{"text":"τότε","gloss":"then"},{"text":"δὴ","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"θάρσησε","gloss":"θαρσέω: took heart"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ηὖδα","gloss":"αὐδάω: spoke"},{"text":"μάντις","gloss":"seer"},{"text":"ἀμύμων·","gloss":"blameless"}],"audio":null}],"grammar":[{"section":767,"text":"§767. The most important interrogative pronoun, τίς, τί who? which? what? has the acute accent always on the first syllable, and never changes the acute to the grave, even when followed by other words."},{"section":768,"text":"§768. The indefinite τὶς, τὶ some (one), any (one), something, anything, a(n) is spelled and declined the same as the interrogative, but differs from it in accent, the indefinite pronoun being always an enclitic, 553 ff."},{"section":769,"text":"§769. Indefinite and Interrogative Pronouns\n\nτὶς, τὶ some (one), any (one), something\n\nSINGULAR\n     Masc. and Fem.   Neut.\nN.   τὶς              τὶ\nG.   τέο (τεῦ)\nD.   τέῳ (τῷ, τινί)\nA.   τινά             τὶ\n\nDUAL\n        Masc. and Fem.   Neut.\nN. A.   τινέ             τινέ\nG. D.   τινοῖιν          τινοῖιν\n\nPLURAL\n     Masc. and Fem.   Neut.\nN.   τινές            τινά (ἄσσα)\nG.   τεῶν             τεῶν\nD.   τεοῖσι           τεοῖσι\nA.   τινάς            τινά (ἄσσα)\n\nτίς, τί, who? which? what?\n\nSINGULAR\n     Masc. and Fem.   Neut.\nN.   τίς              τί\nG.   τέο (τεῦ)\nD.   τέῳ (τῷ, τίνι)\nA.   τίνα             τί\n\nDUAL\n        Masc. and Fem.   Neut.\nN. A.   τίνε             τίνε\nG. D.   τίνοιιν          τίνοιιν\n\nPLURAL\n     Masc. and Fem.   Neut.\nN.   τίνες            τίνα\nG.   τέων             τέων\nD.   τέοισι           τέοισι\nA.   τίνας            τίνα"},{"section":770,"text":"§770. The relative pronouns are ὅς, ἥ, ὅ, and ὁ, ἡ; τό who, which, what (765), together with the indefinite relative pronoun ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι (ὅς τις, ἥ τις, ὅ τι) whoever, whichever, whatever, 776."},{"section":771,"text":"§771. The most important demonstrative pronouns are οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο this, (ἐ)κεῖνος, η, ο that, ὁ, ἡ, τό (used also as a relative and as a personal pronoun, 765) this, that, with its compounds, as ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε; ὅγε, ἥγε, τόγε (ὅ γε, ἥ γε, τό γε), etc."},{"section":772,"text":"§772. These pronouns are declined in the main like adjectives of the vowel declension (κά̄λός, ή, όν, 721) with the exception that the neuter nominative and accusative singular ends in -ο instead of in -ον."},{"section":773,"text":"§773. Relative Pronoun\n\nὅς (ὅ), ἥ, ὅ who? which? what?\n\nSINGULAR\n     Masc.          Fem.       Neut.\nN.   ὅς (ὅ)         ἥ          ὅ\nG.   οὗ [ὅου, ὅο]   ἧς [ἕης]   οὗ [ὅου, ὅο]\nD.   ᾧ              ᾗ          ᾧ\nA.   ὅν             ἥν         ὅ\n\nDUAL\n           Masc.   Fem.    Neut.\nN. A. V.   ὥ       (ὥ)     ὥ\nG. D.      οἷν     (οἷν)   οἷν\n\nPLURAL\n     Masc.       Fem.      Neut.\nN.   οἵ          αἵ        ἅ\nG.   ὧν          ὧν        ὧν\nD.   οἷσι, οἷς   ᾗσι, ᾗς   οἷσι, οἷς\nA.   οὕς         ἅς        ἅ"},{"section":776,"text":"§776. The indefinite relative pronoun (ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι) whoever, whichever, whatever, is a compound of the simple relative (ὅς, ἥ, ὅ) and the indefinite τὶς, τὶ, each part of which is declined separately (or sometimes only the latter part)."},{"section":777,"text":"§777. ὅ τι, the neuter of the indefinite relative pronoun, is thus printed in most texts, that it may not be confused with the conjunction, ὅτι that, because, why."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ἀμύμονι","gloss":"Blameless, noble, from ἀ-μύμων"},{"word":"μὰ","gloss":"Surely, verily"},{"word":"ἐποίσει","gloss":"Bear upon, bear against, from ἐπι-φέρω"},{"word":"βαρείᾱς","gloss":"Heavy, weighty, violent, from βαρύς"},{"word":"ἀναφαίνει","gloss":"Reveal, show, manifest, from ἀνα-φαίνω"},{"word":"θεοπροπίᾱς","gloss":"Oracle, prophecy, from θεο-προπίη"},{"word":"ζῶντος","gloss":"Live, from ζώ-ω"},{"word":"δερκομένοιο","gloss":"See, look, behold, from δέρκομαι"},{"word":"χθονί","gloss":"Earth, land, country, from χθών"},{"word":"συμπάντων","gloss":"All, from σύμ-πας"},{"word":"αὐδήσει","gloss":"Speak, say, declare, from αὐδά-ω"},{"word":"ᾧ","gloss":"Who, which, what, from ὅς τε"},{"word":"Δαναοῖσι","gloss":"To the Danaans, from Δαναοί"},{"word":"θεοπροπίας","gloss":"His prophecies, from θεοπροπία"},{"word":"ἀναφαίνεις","gloss":"Reveal, show, manifest, from ἀναφαίνω"},{"word":"οὐδ’","gloss":"Not even, and not, nor, from οὐδέ"},{"word":"ἢν","gloss":"If, from ἐάν"},{"word":"πολλὸν","gloss":"Far, from πολύς"},{"word":"ηὖδα","gloss":"Speak, say, declare, from αὐδάω"},{"word":"ἀμύμων","gloss":"Blameless, noble"}],"paradigms":[{"section":769,"headword":"τὶς, masculine and feminine","cells":[{"label":"N.","number":"singular","form":"τὶς","meaning":"","name":"nominative singular"},{"label":"G.","number":"singular","form":"τέο","meaning":"","name":"genitive singular"},{"label":"D.","number":"singular","form":"τέῳ","meaning":"","name":"dative singular"},{"label":"A.","number":"singular","form":"τινά","meaning":"","name":"accusative singular"},{"label":"N. A.","number":"dual","form":"τινέ","meaning":"","name":"nominative or accusative dual"},{"label":"G. D.","number":"dual","form":"τινοῖιν","meaning":"","name":"genitive or dative dual"},{"label":"N.","number":"plural","form":"τινές","meaning":"","name":"nominative plural"},{"label":"G.","number":"plural","form":"τεῶν","meaning":"","name":"genitive plural"},{"label":"D.","number":"plural","form":"τεοῖσι","meaning":"","name":"dative plural"},{"label":"A.","number":"plural","form":"τινάς","meaning":"","name":"accusative plural"}],"recall":[6,8,9]},{"section":769,"headword":"τὶ, neuter","cells":[{"label":"N.","number":"singular","form":"τὶ","meaning":"","name":"nominative singular"},{"label":"A.","number":"singular","form":"τὶ","meaning":"","name":"accusative singular"},{"label":"N. A.","number":"dual","form":"τινέ","meaning":"","name":"nominative or accusative dual"},{"label":"G. D.","number":"dual","form":"τινοῖιν","meaning":"","name":"genitive or dative dual"},{"label":"N.","number":"plural","form":"τινά","meaning":"","name":"nominative plural"},{"label":"G.","number":"plural","form":"τεῶν","meaning":"","name":"genitive plural"},{"label":"D.","number":"plural","form":"τεοῖσι","meaning":"","name":"dative plural"},{"label":"A.","number":"plural","form":"τινά","meaning":"","name":"accusative plural"}],"recall":[3,5,6]},{"section":773,"headword":"ὅς, masculine","cells":[{"label":"N.","number":"singular","form":"ὅς","meaning":"","name":"nominative singular"},{"label":"G.","number":"singular","form":"οὗ","meaning":"","name":"genitive singular"},{"label":"D.","number":"singular","form":"ᾧ","meaning":"","name":"dative singular"},{"label":"A.","number":"singular","form":"ὅν","meaning":"","name":"accusative singular"},{"label":"N. A. V.","number":"dual","form":"ὥ","meaning":"","name":"nominative, accusative or vocative dual"},{"label":"G. D.","number":"dual","form":"οἷν","meaning":"","name":"genitive or dative dual"},{"label":"N.","number":"plural","form":"οἵ","meaning":"","name":"nominative plural"},{"label":"G.","number":"plural","form":"ὧν","meaning":"","name":"genitive plural"},{"label":"D.","number":"plural","form":"οἷσι","meaning":"","name":"dative plural"},{"label":"A.","number":"plural","form":"οὕς","meaning":"","name":"accusative plural"}],"recall":[3,4,5]},{"section":773,"headword":"ἥ, feminine","cells":[{"label":"N.","number":"singular","form":"ἥ","meaning":"","name":"nominative singular"},{"label":"G.","number":"singular","form":"ἧς","meaning":"","name":"genitive singular"},{"label":"D.","number":"singular","form":"ᾗ","meaning":"","name":"dative singular"},{"label":"A.","number":"singular","form":"ἥν","meaning":"","name":"accusative singular"},{"label":"N.","number":"plural","form":"αἵ","meaning":"","name":"nominative plural"},{"label":"G.","number":"plural","form":"ὧν","meaning":"","name":"genitive plural"},{"label":"D.","number":"plural","form":"ᾗσι","meaning":"","name":"dative plural"},{"label":"A.","number":"plural","form":"ἅς","meaning":"","name":"accusative plural"}],"recall":[2,5,6]},{"section":773,"headword":"ὅ, neuter","cells":[{"label":"N.","number":"singular","form":"ὅ","meaning":"","name":"nominative singular"},{"label":"G.","number":"singular","form":"οὗ","meaning":"","name":"genitive singular"},{"label":"D.","number":"singular","form":"ᾧ","meaning":"","name":"dative singular"},{"label":"A.","number":"singular","form":"ὅ","meaning":"","name":"accusative singular"},{"label":"N. A. V.","number":"dual","form":"ὥ","meaning":"","name":"nominative, accusative or vocative dual"},{"label":"G. D.","number":"dual","form":"οἷν","meaning":"","name":"genitive or dative dual"},{"label":"N.","number":"plural","form":"ἅ","meaning":"","name":"nominative plural"},{"label":"G.","number":"plural","form":"ὧν","meaning":"","name":"genitive plural"},{"label":"D.","number":"plural","form":"οἷσι","meaning":"","name":"dative plural"},{"label":"A.","number":"plural","form":"ἅ","meaning":"","name":"accusative plural"}],"recall":[1,5,7]}]},{"title":"Lesson XXXII: Regular Verbs in -ΜΙ · Iliad 93-100","teaching":[{"title":"Verbs in -μι","paragraphs":["Most verbs so far end in ω in the I form. This lesson has four common verbs that end in μι: ἵστημι, make stand, τίθημι, put, ἵημι, send, and δίδωμι, give.","These verbs add the endings directly to the stem. Each stem has a form with a long vowel and a form with a short vowel.","In the present, the I form has the long vowel and the we form has the short one. δίδωμι, I give, δίδομεν, we give. τίθημι, I put, τίθεμεν, we put. ἵστημι, I make stand, ἵσταμεν, we make stand.","The other present endings are close to ones you know: ἵστης, ἵστησι, plural ἵστατε. διδοῖς, δίδωσι, plural δίδοτε. The form for they is different: ἱστᾶσι, τιθεῖσι, διδοῦσι."]},{"title":"First and second aorist","paragraphs":["These verbs have two kinds of aorist, the first aorist and the second aorist. Pharr prints both.","The first aorist of ἵστημι is ἔστησα, with σ after the stem. The others have κ: ἔθηκα, I put, ἔδωκα, I gave. For he: ἔθηκε, ἔδωκε.","Some first aorist forms in the dual and plural have an asterisk in the table. This lesson does not explain the asterisk.","The second aorist has no σ and no κ. The endings are added directly to the stem: ἔθεμεν, we put, ἔδομεν, we gave, ἔθετε, you put, ἔδοτε, you gave.","The second aorist of ἵστημι is ἔστην, ἔστης, ἔστη. Only this verb has second aorist singular forms in the table. The ἐ at the front of most of these forms is the augment."]},{"title":"Why Apollo is angry","paragraphs":["In these lines a speaker explains why Apollo is angry. It is not because of a vow or a hecatomb. It is because of the priest whom Agamemnon dishonored.","Agamemnon did not free the priest's daughter and did not accept the ransom. So Apollo has given pains, ἔδωκεν, and will give more, δώσει.","He will not ward off ruin until the girl is given back to her dear father, unbought and unransomed. A holy hecatomb must also be led to Chryse. Then, the speaker thinks, they might win Apollo over.","Find δόμεναι, to give. It is an infinitive. Pharr lists it as a second aorist form of δίδωμι."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"grc.ph.L32.g202.1","source":"Ἀπόλλων ἐπιμέμφεται ἡμᾶς εὐχωλῆς καὶ ἑκατόμβης.","translation":"Apollo blames us for a vow and a hecatomb.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Apollo"},{"text":"ἐπιμέμφεται","gloss":"ἐπι-μέμφ-ομαι: blame, find fault (with), reproach"},{"text":"ἡμᾶς","gloss":"ἐγώ: I (plur. we)"},{"text":"εὐχωλῆς","gloss":"εὐχωλή: vow, boast, prayer"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and, also, even"},{"text":"ἑκατόμβης.","gloss":"ἑκατόμ-βη: hecatomb, sacrifice"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L32.g202.1.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"grc.ph.L32.g202.2","source":"θεοὶ ἐπιμέμφονται Ἀχαιοὺς ἕνεκ’ ἀρητῆρος φίλου Ἀπόλλωνι, τὸν γὰρ ἠτίμησαν.","translation":"The gods blame the Achaeans on account of the priest, dear to Apollo, for they dishonored him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"θεοὶ","gloss":"θεός: god, divinity"},{"text":"ἐπιμέμφονται","gloss":"ἐπι-μέμφ-ομαι: blame, find fault (with), reproach"},{"text":"Ἀχαιοὺς","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"ἕνεκ’","gloss":"ἕνεκα: on account, because of, for the sake of"},{"text":"ἀρητῆρος","gloss":"ἀρητήρ: priest, pray-er"},{"text":"φίλου","gloss":"φίλος: dear, darling, lovely, beloved"},{"text":"Ἀπόλλωνι,","gloss":"Ἀπόλλων: Apollo"},{"text":"τὸν","gloss":"ὁ: the; he, she, it; this, that"},{"text":"γὰρ","gloss":"for, in fact"},{"text":"ἠτίμησαν.","gloss":"ἀ-τιμά-ω: dishonor, insult, slight, despise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L32.g202.2.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"grc.ph.L32.g202.3","source":"Ἀπόλλων ἔδωκεν ἄλγεα τοῖσιν Ἀχαιοῖσιν ἠδὲ δώσει ἔτι, οὕνεκ’ Ἀγαμέμνων ἠτίμησεν ἀρητῆρα, οὐδ’ ἐβούλετο λύειν θύγατρα καὶ ἀγλαὰ δέχθαι ἄποινα.","translation":"Apollo gave woes to the Achaeans and will still give more, because Agamemnon dishonored the priest, and did not wish to free his daughter and accept the splendid ransoms.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ἀπόλλων","gloss":"Apollo"},{"text":"ἔδωκεν","gloss":"δίδωμι: give, grant"},{"text":"ἄλγεα","gloss":"ἄλγος: grief, pain, woe, trouble"},{"text":"τοῖσιν","gloss":"ὁ: the; he, she, it; this, that"},{"text":"Ἀχαιοῖσιν","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"ἠδὲ","gloss":"and, also"},{"text":"δώσει","gloss":"δίδωμι: give, grant"},{"text":"ἔτι,","gloss":"yet, still, in addition, further"},{"text":"οὕνεκ’","gloss":"οὕνεκα: because"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"},{"text":"ἠτίμησεν","gloss":"ἀ-τιμά-ω: dishonor, insult, slight, despise"},{"text":"ἀρητῆρα,","gloss":"ἀρητήρ: priest, pray-er"},{"text":"οὐδ’","gloss":"οὐ-δέ: not even, and not, nor, but not"},{"text":"ἐβούλετο","gloss":"βούλομαι: wish, desire, be willing, prefer"},{"text":"λύειν","gloss":"λύω: loose, free, break up, destroy"},{"text":"θύγατρα","gloss":"θυγάτηρ: daughter"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and, also, even"},{"text":"ἀγλαὰ","gloss":"ἀγλαός: bright, shining, splendid, glorious"},{"text":"δέχθαι","gloss":"δέχομαι: receive, accept"},{"text":"ἄποινα.","gloss":"ransom(s)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L32.g202.3.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"grc.ph.L32.g202.4","source":"εἰ ἑκηβόλος ἀπώσει λοιγὸν ἀεικέα Δαναοῖσιν, δώσουσι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην φίλῳ πατρὶ ἀπριάτην ἀνάποινον, ἄξουσι δ’ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην ἐς Χρύσην· τότε θεὸν ἱλασσάμενοι πείσουσιν.","translation":"If the free-shooter will ward off shameful destruction from the Danaans, they will give the bright-eyed maiden back to her dear father, unbought and unransomed, and they will lead a sacred hecatomb to Chrysa; then, having appeased the god, they will persuade him.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"εἰ","gloss":"if, whether"},{"text":"ἑκηβόλος","gloss":"ἑκη-βόλος: free-shooter, sharpshooter"},{"text":"ἀπώσει","gloss":"ἀπ-ωθέω: shove away, push off, drive off"},{"text":"λοιγὸν","gloss":"λοιγός: destruction, ruin, death, curse"},{"text":"ἀεικέα","gloss":"ἀ-εικής: unseemly, grievous, shameful, unfitting"},{"text":"Δαναοῖσιν,","gloss":"Δαναός: Danaan, Greek"},{"text":"δώσουσι","gloss":"δίδωμι: give, grant"},{"text":"ἑλικώπιδα","gloss":"ἑλίκ-ωψ: bright-eyed, flashing-eyed"},{"text":"κούρην","gloss":"κούρη: girl, maiden, young woman"},{"text":"φίλῳ","gloss":"φίλος: dear, darling, lovely, beloved"},{"text":"πατρὶ","gloss":"πατήρ: father, sire"},{"text":"ἀπριάτην","gloss":"ἀ-πρίατος: unbought, without price"},{"text":"ἀνάποινον,","gloss":"ἀν-ά-ποινος: unransomed, without a ransom paid"},{"text":"ἄξουσι","gloss":"ἄγ-ω: lead, drive, conduct, bring"},{"text":"δ’","gloss":"δέ: but, and, for, so"},{"text":"ἱερὴν","gloss":"ἱερός: sacred, holy"},{"text":"ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"ἑκατόμ-βη: hecatomb, sacrifice"},{"text":"ἐς","gloss":"to, into"},{"text":"Χρύσην·","gloss":"Χρύση: Chrysa, a town in the Troad"},{"text":"τότε","gloss":"then, at that time"},{"text":"θεὸν","gloss":"θεός: god, divinity"},{"text":"ἱλασσάμενοι","gloss":"ἱλά-σκομαι: propitiate, appease"},{"text":"πείσουσιν.","gloss":"πείθω: persuade, win over, mislead"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L32.g202.4.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"grc.ph.L32.e205.1","source":"ἦ θεοὶ ἐπιμέμφονται Ἀχαιοὺς εὐχωλῆς ἢ ἑκατόμβης ἢ ἕνεκ’ ἀρητῆρος Χρύσαο, τὸν Ἀγαμέμνων ἠτίμησεν;","translation":"Do the gods blame the Achaeans on account of a vow, or of a hecatomb, or on account of Chryses the priest, whom Agamemnon dishonored?","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L32.e205.1.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"grc.ph.L32.e205.2","source":"εἰ Ἀγαμέμνων μὴ λύσει θύγατρα φίλην γέροντος ἀρητῆρος καὶ μὴ δέξεται ἀγλαὰ ἄποινα, ἑκηβόλος ἔτι δώσει πολλὰ ἄλγεα Δαναοῖσιν, οὐδέ σφιν ἀπώσει λοιγὸν ἀεικέα, πρίν γ’ ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι λευκώλενον κούρην ἀπριάτην ἀνάποινον, ἄγειν θ’ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην ἐς Χρύσην· τότε κεν θεὸν ἱλασσάμενοι πείσειαν θῡμόν.","translation":"If Agamemnon will not release the dear daughter of the aged priest and receive the shining ransoms, the free-shooter will still give many woes to the Danaans, nor will he ward off unseemly destruction for them until they give back to her own father the white-armed maiden, unbought, and unransomed, and lead a sacred hecatomb into Chrysa; then perhaps they may appease the god and persuade his soul.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L32.e205.2.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"grc.ph.L32.r203.93","source":"“οὔτ’ ἄρ’ ὅ γ’ εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται οὔθ’ ἑκατόμβης,","translation":"\"He does not fault us, then, for a vow or a hecatomb,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“οὔτ’","gloss":"οὔτε: nor"},{"text":"ἄρ’","gloss":"ἄρα: then"},{"text":"ὅ","gloss":"he"},{"text":"γ’","gloss":"γε: (untranslated)"},{"text":"εὐχωλῆς","gloss":"εὐχωλή: a vow"},{"text":"ἐπιμέμφεται","gloss":"ἐπιμέμφομαι: fault us"},{"text":"οὔθ’","gloss":"οὔτε: nor"},{"text":"ἑκατόμβης,","gloss":"ἑκατόμβη: a hecatomb"}],"audio":null},{"number":26,"id":"grc.ph.L32.r203.94","source":"ἀλλ’ ἕνεκ’ ἀρητῆρος, ὃν ἠτίμησ’ Ἀγαμέμνων,","translation":"but for the priest, whom Agamemnon dishonored,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἀλλ’","gloss":"ἀλλά: but"},{"text":"ἕνεκ’","gloss":"ἕνεκα: for"},{"text":"ἀρητῆρος,","gloss":"ἀρητήρ: the priest"},{"text":"ὃν","gloss":"ὅς: whom"},{"text":"ἠτίμησ’","gloss":"ἀτιμάω: dishonored"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνων,","gloss":"Agamemnon"}],"audio":null},{"number":27,"id":"grc.ph.L32.r203.95","source":"οὐδ’ ἀπέλυσε θύγατρα καὶ οὐκ ἀπεδέξατ’ ἄποινα,","translation":"and did not free his daughter, and did not take the ransom,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οὐδ’","gloss":"οὐδέ: nor"},{"text":"ἀπέλυσε","gloss":"ἀπολύω: did not free"},{"text":"θύγατρα","gloss":"θυγάτηρ: his daughter"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and"},{"text":"οὐκ","gloss":"οὐ: did not"},{"text":"ἀπεδέξατ’","gloss":"ἀποδέχομαι: take"},{"text":"ἄποινα,","gloss":"the ransom"}],"audio":null},{"number":28,"id":"grc.ph.L32.r203.96","source":"τούνεκ’ ἄρ’ ἄλγε’ ἔδωκεν ἑκηβόλος ἠδ’ ἔτι δώσει.","translation":"for this the far-shooter has given us pains, and will give more still;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"τούνεκ’","gloss":"τοὔνεκα: for this"},{"text":"ἄρ’","gloss":"ἄρα: then"},{"text":"ἄλγε’","gloss":"ἄλγος: pains"},{"text":"ἔδωκεν","gloss":"δίδωμι: has given"},{"text":"ἑκηβόλος","gloss":"the far-shooter"},{"text":"ἠδ’","gloss":"ἠδέ: and"},{"text":"ἔτι","gloss":"still"},{"text":"δώσει.","gloss":"δίδωμι: will give more"}],"audio":null},{"number":29,"id":"grc.ph.L32.r203.97","source":"οὐδ’ ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώσει,","translation":"nor will he ward off shameful ruin from the Danaans,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οὐδ’","gloss":"οὐδέ: nor"},{"text":"ὅ","gloss":"he"},{"text":"γε","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"text":"πρὶν","gloss":"before"},{"text":"Δαναοῖσιν","gloss":"Δαναοί: from the Danaans"},{"text":"ἀεικέα","gloss":"ἀεικής: shameful"},{"text":"λοιγὸν","gloss":"λοιγός: ruin"},{"text":"ἀπώσει,","gloss":"ἀπωθέω: will ward off"}],"audio":null},{"number":30,"id":"grc.ph.L32.r203.98","source":"πρίν γ’ ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην","translation":"until we give back to her dear father the bright-eyed girl,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"πρίν","gloss":"until"},{"text":"γ’","gloss":"γε: (untranslated)"},{"text":"ἀπὸ","gloss":"back"},{"text":"πατρὶ","gloss":"πατήρ: to her father"},{"text":"φίλῳ","gloss":"φίλος: dear"},{"text":"δόμεναι","gloss":"δίδωμι: give"},{"text":"ἑλικώπιδα","gloss":"ἑλικῶπις: bright-eyed"},{"text":"κούρην","gloss":"κόρη: the girl"}],"audio":null},{"number":31,"id":"grc.ph.L32.r203.99","source":"ἀπριάτην ἀνάποινον, ἄγειν θ’ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην","translation":"unbought and unransomed, and lead a holy hecatomb","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἀπριάτην","gloss":"ἀπρίατος: unbought"},{"text":"ἀνάποινον,","gloss":"ἀνάποινος: unransomed"},{"text":"ἄγειν","gloss":"ἄγω: lead"},{"text":"θ’","gloss":"τε: and"},{"text":"ἱερὴν","gloss":"ἱερός: holy"},{"text":"ἑκατόμβην","gloss":"ἑκατόμβη: hecatomb"}],"audio":null},{"number":32,"id":"grc.ph.L32.r203.100","source":"ἐς Χρύσην· τότε κέν μιν ἱλασσάμενοι πεπίθοιμεν.”","translation":"to Chryse; then, appeasing him, we might win him over.\"","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἐς","gloss":"εἰς: to"},{"text":"Χρύσην·","gloss":"Χρύση: Chryse"},{"text":"τότε","gloss":"then"},{"text":"κέν","gloss":"ἄν: (untranslated)"},{"text":"μιν","gloss":"him"},{"text":"ἱλασσάμενοι","gloss":"ἱλάομαι: appeasing"},{"text":"πεπίθοιμεν.”","gloss":"πείθω: we might win over"}],"audio":null}],"grammar":[{"section":949,"text":"§949. INDICATIVE\n\nREGULAR VERBS IN -μι\n\nἵστημι (στη-, στα-), (make) stand; τίθημι (θη-, θε), put; ἵημι (ἡ-, ἑ) send; δίδωμι (δω-, δο-), give, grant\n\nActive Voice\n\nPRESENT\nS. 1    ἵστημι    τίθημι             ἵημι        δίδωμι\n2       ἵστης     τίθης(θα)          ἵης, ἱεῖς   διδοῖς(θα)\n3       ἵστησι    τίθησι, τιθεῖ      ἵησι, ἱεῖ   δίδωσι (διδοῖ)\nDu. 2   ἵστατον   τίθετον            ἵετον       δίδοτον\n3       ἵστατον   τίθετον            ἵετον       δίδοτον\nPl. 1   ἵσταμεν   τίθεμεν            ἵεμεν       δίδομεν\n2       ἵστατε    τίθετε             ἵετε        δίδοτε\n3       ἱστᾶσι    τιθεῖσι (θέουσι)   ἱεῖσι       διδοῦσι\n\nIMPERFECT\nS. 1    ἵστην     ἐτίθην     ἵειν         ἐδίδουν\n2       ἵστης     ἐτίθεις    ἵεις         ἐδίδους\n3       ἵστη      ἐτίθει     ἵει          ἐδίδου\nDu. 2   ἵστατον   ἐτίθετον   ἵετον        ἐδίδοτον\n3       ἱστάτην   ἐτιθέτην   ἱέτην        ἐδιδότην\nPl. 1   ἵσταμεν   ἐτίθεμεν   ἵεμεν        ἐδίδομεν\n2       ἵστατε    ἐτίθετε    ἵετε         ἐδίδοτε\n3       ἵστασαν   ἐτίθεσαν   ἵεσαν, ἵεν   ἐδίδοσαν\n\nFUTURE\nS. 1    στήσω      θήσω      ἥσω           δώσω\n2       στήσεις    θήσεις    ἥσεις         δώσεις\n3       στήσει     θήσει     ἥσει (ἔσει)   δώσει\nDu. 2   στήσετον   θήσετον   ἥσετον        δώσετον\n3       στήσετον   θήσετον   ἥσετον        δώσετον\nPl. 1   στήσομεν   θήσομεν   ἥσομεν        δώσομεν\n2       στήσετε    θήσετε    ἥσετε         δώσετε\n3       στήσουσι   θήσουσι   ἥσουσι        δώσουσι\n\nFIRST AORIST\nS. 1    ἔστησα              ἔθηκα       ἧκα        ἔδωκα\n2       ἔστησας             ἔθηκας      ἧκας       ἔδωκας\n3       ἔστησε              ἔθηκε       ἧκε        ἔδωκε\nDu. 2   ἐστήσατον           *ἐθήκατον   *ἐήκατον   *ἐδώκατον\n3       ἐστησάτην           *ἐθηκάτην   *ἐηκάτην   *ἐδωκάτην\nPl. 1   ἐστήσαμεν           *ἐθήκαμεν   *ἐήκαμεν   *ἐδώκαμεν\n2       ἐστήσατε            *ἐθήκατε    *ἐήκατε    *ἐδώκατε\n3       ἔστησαν (ἔστασαν)   ἔθηκαν      *ἐήκαν     ἔδωκαν\n\nSECOND AORIST\nS. 1    ἔστην\n2       ἔστης\n3       ἔστη\nDu. 2   ἔστητον           ἔθετον   εἷτον   ἔδοτον\n3       ἐστήτην           ἐθέτην   εἵτην   ἐδότην\nPl. 1   ἔστημεν           ἔθεμεν   εἷμεν   ἔδομεν\n2       ἔστητε            ἔθετε    εἷτε    ἔδοτε\n3       ἔστησαν (ἔσταν)   ἔθεσαν   εἷσαν   ἔδοσαν"},{"section":950,"text":"§950. SUBJUNCTIVE\n\nPRESENT\nS. 1    ἱστῶ(μι)    τιθῶ(μι)    ἱῶ(μι)    διδῶ(μι)\n2       ἱστῇς(θα)   τιθῇς(θα)   ἱῇς(θα)   διδῷς(θα)\n3       ἱστῇ(σι)    τιθῇ(σι)    ἱῇ(σι)    διδῷ(σι)\nDu. 2   ἱστῆτον     τιθῆτον     ἱῆτον     διδῶτον\n3       ἱστῆτον     τιθῆτον     ἱῆτον     διδῶτον\nPl. 1   ἱστῶμεν     τιθῶμεν     ἱῶμεν     διδῶμεν\n2       ἱστῆτε      τιθῆτε      ἱῆτε      διδῶτε\n3       ἱστῶσι      τιθῶσι      ἱῶσι      διδῶσι\n\nSECOND AORIST\nS. 1    στῶ(μι)    θῶ(μι)    ὧ(μι)    δῶ(μι)\n2       στῇς(θα)   θῇς(θα)   ᾗς(θα)   δῷς(θα)\n3       στῇ(σι)    θῇ(σι)    ᾗ(σι)    δῷ(σι)\nDu. 2   στῆτον     θῆτον     ᾗτον     δῶτον\n3       στῆτον     θῆτον     ᾗτον     δῶτον\nPl. 1   στῶμεν     θῶμεν     ὧμεν     δῶμεν\n2       στῆτε      θῆτε      ἧτε      δῶτε\n3       στῶσι      θῶσι      ὧσι      δῶσι"},{"section":951,"text":"§951. The second aorist subjunctive of -μι verbs (949 ff.) seems to have had a double form of inflection:\n\n1) With a short thematic (796) vowel, as θήω, θήεις, θήει, θήετον, θηέτην, θήομεν, θήετε, θήουσι (τίθημι put, place).\n2) With a long thematic (796) vowel, as θήω, θήῃς, θήῃ, θήητον, θήητον, θήωμεν, θήητε, θήωσι.\n\nThe vowel of the stem is then shortened (572), producing,\n\n3) θέω, θέῃς, θέῃ, θέητον, θέητον, θέωμεν, θέητε, θέωσι.\n\nThis form then undergoes contraction (584–585), giving,\n\n4) θῶ, θῇς, θῇ, θῆτον, θῆτον, θῶμεν, θῆτε, θῶσι."},{"section":952,"text":"§952. The subjunctives of athematic (797; 865, 2) second aorists and the subjunctives passive of both first and second aorists are similarly formed. Thus, λυθῶ, λυθῇς, λυθῇ, etc., contracted from λυθέω, λυθέῃς, λυθέῃ, etc.; τραφῶ, τραφῇς, τραφῇ, etc., contracted from τραφέω, τραφέῃς, τραφέῃ, etc."},{"section":953,"text":"§953. OPTATIVE\n\nPRESENT\nS. 1    ἱσταίην    τιθείην    ἱείην    διδοίην\n2       ἱσταίης    τιθείης    ἱείης    διδοίης\n3       ἱσταίη     τιθείη     ἱείη     διδοίη\nDu. 2   ἱσταῖτον   τιθεῖτον   ἱεῖτον   διδοῖτον\n3       ἱσταίτην   τιθείτην   ἱείτην   διδοίτην\nPl. 1   ἱσταῖμεν   τιθεῖμεν   ἱεῖμεν   διδοῖμεν\n2       ἱσταῖτε    τιθεῖτε    ἱεῖτε    διδοῖτε\n3       ἱσταῖεν    τιθεῖεν    ἱεῖεν    διδοῖεν\n\nSECOND AORIST\nS. 1    σταίην             θείην    εἵην    δοίην\n2       σταίης             θείης    εἵης    δοίης\n3       σταίη              θείη     εἵη     δοίη\nDu. 2   σταῖτον            θεῖτον   εἷτον   δοῖτον\n3       σταίτην            θείτην   εἵτην   δοίτην\nPl. 1   σταῖμεν            θεῖμεν   εἷμεν   δοῖμεν\n2       σταῖτε             θεῖτε    εἷτε    δοῖτε\n3       σταῖεν, σταίησαν   θεῖεν    εἷεν    δοῖεν"},{"section":954,"text":"§954. IMPERATIVE\n\nPRESENT\nS. 2    ἵστη (-ᾱ)   τίθει (=-εε)   ἵει (=ἵεε)   δίδου (δίδωθι)\n3       ἱστάτω      τιθέτω         ἱέτω         διδότω\nDu. 2   ἵστατον     τίθετον        ἵετον        δίδοτον\n3       ἱστάτων     τιθέτων        ἱέτων        διδότων\nPl. 2   ἵστατε      τίθετε         ἵετε         δίδοτε\n3       ἱστάντων    τιθέντων       ἱέντων       διδόντων\n\nSECOND AORIST\nS. 2    στῆθι     θές      ἕς      δός\n3       στήτω     θέτω     ἕτω     δότω\nDu. 2   στῆτον    θέτον    ἕτον    δότον\n3       στήτων    θέτων    ἕτων    δότων\nPl. 2   στῆτε     θέτε     ἕτε     δότε\n3       στάντων   θέντων   ἕντων   δόντων"},{"section":955,"text":"§955. INFINITIVE\n\nPRESENT\n   ἱστάμεν(αι)   τιθήμεν(αι)   ἱέμεν(αι)   διδόμεν(αι) (διδοῦναι)\n\nSECOND AORIST\n   στήναι (στήμεναι)   θεῖναι (θέμεν[αι])   εἷναι (ἕμεν[αι])   δοῦναι (δόμεν[αι])"},{"section":956,"text":"§956. PARTICIPLE\n\nPRES.    ἱστά̄ς, ἱστᾶσα, ἱστάν   τιθείς, εἶσα, ἔν   ἱείς, εἷσα, ἕν   διδούς, οὖσα, όν\n2 AOR.   στά̄ς, στᾶσα, στάν      θείς, θεῖσα, θέν   εἷς, εἷσα, ἕν    δούς, δοῦσα, δόν\n\nNOTE 1. For the second perfect system of ἵστημι, see 924.\n\nNOTE 2. δίδωμι may have (very rarely) διδώσω instead of δώσω in the future."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ἕνεκ’","gloss":"On account, because of, for the sake of, from ἕνεκα"},{"word":"ἠτίμησαν","gloss":"Dishonor, insult, slight, from ἀ-τιμά-ω"},{"word":"ἔτι","gloss":"Yet, still, in addition"},{"word":"ἀπώσει","gloss":"Shove away, push off, drive off, from ἀπ-ωθέω"},{"word":"ἀεικέα","gloss":"Unseemly, grievous, shameful, from ἀ-εικής"},{"word":"ἑλικώπιδα","gloss":"Bright-eyed, flashing-eyed, from ἑλίκ-ωψ"},{"word":"κούρην","gloss":"Girl, maiden, young woman, from κούρη"},{"word":"πατρὶ","gloss":"Father, sire, from πατήρ"},{"word":"ἀπριάτην","gloss":"Unbought, without price, from ἀ-πρίατος"},{"word":"ἀνάποινον","gloss":"Unransomed, without a ransom paid, from ἀν-ά-ποινος"},{"word":"ἱερὴν","gloss":"Sacred, holy, from ἱερός"},{"word":"ἱλασσάμενοι","gloss":"Propitiate, appease, from ἱλά-σκομαι"},{"word":"οὔτ’","gloss":"And not, nor, from οὔτε"},{"word":"ἠτίμησ’","gloss":"Dishonor, insult, slight, from ἀτιμάω"},{"word":"ἀπεδέξατ’","gloss":"Receive, accept, from ἀποδέχομαι"},{"word":"τούνεκ’","gloss":"On account of this, for this reason, therefore, from τοὔνεκα"},{"word":"ἄγειν","gloss":"Lead, drive, conduct, from ἄγω"}],"paradigms":[{"section":949,"headword":"ἵστημι","caption":"present indicative active","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἵστημι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἵστης","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἵστησι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἵστατον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἵστατον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἵσταμεν","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἵστατε","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἱστᾶσι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[1,2,7]},{"section":949,"headword":"τίθημι","caption":"present indicative active","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"τίθημι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"τίθης","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"τίθησι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"τίθετον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"τίθετον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"τίθεμεν","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"τίθετε","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"τιθεῖσι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[2,3,6]},{"section":949,"headword":"ἵημι","caption":"present indicative active","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἵημι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἵης","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἵησι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἵετον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἵετον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἵεμεν","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἵετε","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἱεῖσι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[2,3,5]},{"section":949,"headword":"δίδωμι","caption":"present indicative active","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"δίδωμι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"διδοῖς","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"δίδωσι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"δίδοτον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"δίδοτον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"δίδομεν","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"δίδοτε","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"διδοῦσι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative active, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[1,2,6]},{"section":949,"headword":"ἵστημι","caption":"second aorist indicative active","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἔστην","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἔστης","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἔστη","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἔστητον","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἐστήτην","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἔστημεν","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἔστητε","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἔστησαν","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[1,4,7]},{"section":949,"headword":"τίθημι","caption":"second aorist indicative active","cells":[{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἔθετον","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἐθέτην","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἔθεμεν","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἔθετε","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἔθεσαν","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative active, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[1,3,4]}]},{"title":"Lesson XXXIII: Regular Verbs in -μι (continued)","teaching":[{"title":"Verbs in -μι: middle and passive","paragraphs":["This lesson gives ἵστημι, τίθημι, ἵημι and δίδωμι in the middle and passive.","Present middle: ἵσταμαι, ἵστασαι, ἵσταται. δίδομαι, δίδοσαι, δίδοται. τίθεμαι. The form for they ends the same way in all of them: ἵστανται, δίδονται, τίθενται.","Pharr prints the passive with the middle. The sentence shows which is meant. In the lines, πίμπλανται, from πίμ-πλημι, fill, means that a heart is filled with rage. The form looks middle, but the heart receives the action.","Other tenses: imperfect ἱστάμην. Future στήσομαι, θήσομαι, δώσομαι. Second aorist ἐθέμην and ἐδόμην, with ἔθετο and ἔδοτο for he."]},{"title":"Other moods of the middle","paragraphs":["The middle has the other moods too. Subjunctive: ἱστῶμαι. Optative: ἱσταίμην, may I stand for myself. Infinitive: ἵστασθαι, τίθεσθαι, δίδοσθαι.","Imperative, present middle, to one person: ἵστασο, τίθεσο, δίδοσο.","Participles: ἱστάμενος, τιθήμενος, διδόμενος, each with forms for all three genders.","Two participles are at the start of the lines. ἀνιστάμενος means rising up. ἀχνύμενος means grieving, from ἄχ-νυμαι."]},{"title":"Agamemnon answers Calchas","paragraphs":["In these lines Agamemnon stands up among the Achaeans. He is grieving, and his dark heart is filled with rage. His eyes are like blazing fire.","He looks at Calchas with a look of ill omen and speaks first to him. He calls him μάντι κακῶν, seer of evils.","You have never yet spoken good to me, he says. Evil is always dear to your heart to foretell. You have never spoken a good word or brought one to pass.","Find μαντεύεσθαι, to foretell, an infinitive with the ending of ἵστασθαι. Find πίμπλαντ’, are filled, from πίμ-πλημι.","In ὄσσε δέ οἱ πυρὶ, οἱ means his. It is the same word as the οἱ that means him, not the plural."]}],"lines":[{"number":33,"id":"grc.ph.L33.g209.1","source":"τοῖσι δ’ ἀνιστάμενος μετέφη εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων.","translation":"And rising up among them, wide-ruling Agamemnon spoke.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"τοῖσι","gloss":"ὁ: the; he, she, it; this, that"},{"text":"δ’","gloss":"δέ: but, and, for, so"},{"text":"ἀνιστάμενος","gloss":"ἀνίστημι: stand up, set up, raise, (a)rise"},{"text":"μετέφη","gloss":"μετά-φημι: speak among, address, converse with"},{"text":"εὐρὺ","gloss":"εὐρύς: broad, wide, large"},{"text":"κρείων","gloss":"ruling, prince, ruler"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνων.","gloss":"Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.g209.1.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"grc.ph.L33.g209.2","source":"βασιλεὺς Ἀγαμέμνων ἄχνυται μέγα, πίμπλανται δ’ ἀμφιμέλαιναι φρένες μένεος κακοῦ.","translation":"King Agamemnon is greatly grieved, and his dark heart is filled with evil rage.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"βασιλεὺς","gloss":"king, ruler"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"},{"text":"ἄχνυται","gloss":"ἄχ-νυμαι: be grieved, be vexed, be enraged"},{"text":"μέγα,","gloss":"μέγας: great, large, tall, mighty"},{"text":"πίμπλανται","gloss":"πίμ-πλημι: fill, sate, stuff"},{"text":"δ’","gloss":"δέ: but, and, for, so"},{"text":"ἀμφιμέλαιναι","gloss":"ἀμφι-μέλας: black all around, very black"},{"text":"φρένες","gloss":"φρήν: heart, mind, midriff"},{"text":"μένεος","gloss":"μένος: rage, anger, might, courage, fury"},{"text":"κακοῦ.","gloss":"κακός: bad, evil, wicked"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.g209.2.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"grc.ph.L33.g209.3","source":"ὄσσε ἄνακτος πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι εἴκτην.","translation":"The lord's eyes were like blazing fire.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ὄσσε","gloss":"eyes"},{"text":"ἄνακτος","gloss":"ἄναξ: king, lord, protector"},{"text":"πυρὶ","gloss":"πῦρ: fire, flame"},{"text":"λαμπετόωντι","gloss":"λαμπετά-ω: shine, gleam, blaze, flame"},{"text":"εἴκτην.","gloss":"εἴκω: be like, resemble, seem"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.g209.3.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"grc.ph.L33.g209.4","source":"Ἀχαιοὶ δ’ ὄσσονται μάντιν κακά.","translation":"And the Achaeans glare at the seer with evil looks.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"δ’","gloss":"δέ: but, and, for, so"},{"text":"ὄσσονται","gloss":"ὄσσομαι: eye, look upon, look, glare at"},{"text":"μάντιν","gloss":"μάντις: seer, prophet, soothsayer"},{"text":"κακά.","gloss":"κακός: bad, evil, wicked"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.g209.4.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"grc.ph.L33.g209.5","source":"Κάλχᾱς μάντις κακῶν οὔ πώ ποτε κρήγυα εἶπεν Ἀγαμέμνονι ἄνακτι.","translation":"Calchas, seer of evils, never yet spoke anything good to Agamemnon the lord.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Κάλχᾱς","gloss":"Calchas"},{"text":"μάντις","gloss":"seer, prophet, soothsayer"},{"text":"κακῶν","gloss":"κακός: bad, evil, wicked"},{"text":"οὔ","gloss":"not, no"},{"text":"πώ","gloss":"in some way, ever, yet, at some time"},{"text":"ποτε","gloss":"ever, at any (some) time, once"},{"text":"κρήγυα","gloss":"κρήγυος: good, helpful, favorable, honest, true"},{"text":"εἶπεν","gloss":"εἴρω: speak, say, tell"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"Ἀγαμέμνων: Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"},{"text":"ἄνακτι.","gloss":"ἄναξ: king, lord, protector"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.g209.5.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"grc.ph.L33.g209.6","source":"τὰ κακὰ μάντει αἰεὶ φίλ’ ἐστὶν μαντεύεσθαι.","translation":"It is always dear to the seer to prophesy evil things.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"τὰ","gloss":"ὁ: the; he, she, it; this, that"},{"text":"κακὰ","gloss":"κακός: bad, evil, wicked"},{"text":"μάντει","gloss":"μάντις: seer, prophet, soothsayer"},{"text":"αἰεὶ","gloss":"always, ever, continually, eternally"},{"text":"φίλ’","gloss":"φίλος: dear, darling, lovely, beloved"},{"text":"ἐστὶν","gloss":"ἐστί: (he, she, it) is, there is"},{"text":"μαντεύεσθαι.","gloss":"μαντεύ-ομαι: predict, prophesy, act as seer, divine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.g209.6.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"grc.ph.L33.g209.7","source":"Ἀχιλλεὺς εἶπεν ἐσθλὰ ἔπεα πολλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐτέλεσσεν.","translation":"Achilles spoke many good words and accomplished them.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"Achilles"},{"text":"εἶπεν","gloss":"εἴρω: speak, say, tell"},{"text":"ἐσθλὰ","gloss":"ἐσθλός: good, noble, brave, true, helpful"},{"text":"ἔπεα","gloss":"ἔπος: word, saying, command, speech"},{"text":"πολλὰ","gloss":"πολλός: much, many, numerous"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and, also, even"},{"text":"τὰ","gloss":"ὁ: the; he, she, it; this, that"},{"text":"ἐτέλεσσεν.","gloss":"τελείω: accomplish, fulfill, complete"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.g209.7.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"grc.ph.L33.e212.1","source":"ὣς εἰπόντες ἑζόμεθα· τοῖσι δ’ ἀνέστη ἥρως, πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς, καὶ μετέφη Ἀχαιοῖσιν.","translation":"When we had spoken thus we sat down; thereupon the hero, swift-footed Achilles, arose and spake among the Achaeans.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.e212.1.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"grc.ph.L33.e212.2","source":"ὅτε ἄχνυται, φρένες οἱ ἀμφιμέλαιναι πίμπλανται μέγα μένεος, ὄσσε δέ οἱ πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι εἴκτην.","translation":"When he is vexed, his heart, black all around, is mightily filled with anger, and his eyes are like unto blazing fire.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.e212.2.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"grc.ph.L33.e212.3","source":"Ἀγαμέμνων κακὰ ὀσσόμενος Κάλχαντα προσέειπεν.","translation":"Agamemnon eyed Calchas evilly and addressed him.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.e212.3.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"grc.ph.L33.e212.4","source":"οὕνεκα μάντις κακῶν ἐσσί, οὔ πώ ποτέ μοι ἐσθλὸν εἶπας ἔπος οὔτ’ ἐτέλεσσας, ἀλλ’ αἰεί τοι τὰ κακὰ φίλα ἐστὶ φρεσὶ μαντεύεσθαι.","translation":"Because you are a prophet of evils you have never spoken or accomplished anything good for me, but it is always dear to your heart to prophesy evil.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.e212.4.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"grc.ph.L33.e212.5","source":"μάντι, εἶπον, οἰωνὲ κακῶν.","translation":"“Prophet,” said I, “bird of evil ! ”","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L33.e212.5.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"grc.ph.L33.r210.101","source":"ἦ τοι ὅ γ’ ὣς εἰπὼν κατ’ ἄρ’ ἔζετο, τοῖσι δ’ ἀνέστη","translation":"So he spoke, and sat down; and among them rose up","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἦ","gloss":"ἦ: truly, surely (ἦ τοι, verily)"},{"text":"τοι","gloss":"τοι: surely, mark you (particle)"},{"text":"ὅ","gloss":"he"},{"text":"γ’","gloss":"γε: (untranslated)"},{"text":"ὣς","gloss":"so"},{"text":"εἰπὼν","gloss":"εἶπον: spoke"},{"text":"κατ’","gloss":"κατά: (untranslated)"},{"text":"ἄρ’","gloss":"ἄρα: then"},{"text":"ἔζετο,","gloss":"ἕζομαι: sat down"},{"text":"τοῖσι","gloss":"ὁ: among them"},{"text":"δ’","gloss":"δέ: and"},{"text":"ἀνέστη","gloss":"ἀνίστημι: rose up"}],"audio":null},{"number":46,"id":"grc.ph.L33.r210.102","source":"ἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων","translation":"the hero, son of Atreus, the wide-ruling lord Agamemnon,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἥρως","gloss":"the hero"},{"text":"Ἀτρεΐδης","gloss":"son of Atreus"},{"text":"εὐρὺ","gloss":"εὐρύς: wide"},{"text":"κρείων","gloss":"ruling lord"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"Agamemnon"}],"audio":null},{"number":47,"id":"grc.ph.L33.r210.103","source":"ἀχνύμενος· μένεος δὲ μέγα φρένες ἀμφιμέλαιναι","translation":"grieving; his dark heart within was filled full","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἀχνύμενος·","gloss":"ἀχεύω: grieving"},{"text":"μένεος","gloss":"μένος: with rage"},{"text":"δὲ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"text":"μέγα","gloss":"μέγας: full"},{"text":"φρένες","gloss":"φρήν: heart"},{"text":"ἀμφιμέλαιναι","gloss":"ἀμφιμέλας: dark"}],"audio":null},{"number":48,"id":"grc.ph.L33.r210.104","source":"πίμπλαντ’, ὄσσε δέ οἱ πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι ἐίκτην.","translation":"with rage, and his eyes were like blazing fire.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"πίμπλαντ’,","gloss":"πίμπλημι: was filled"},{"text":"ὄσσε","gloss":"his eyes"},{"text":"δέ","gloss":"and"},{"text":"οἱ","gloss":"ἕ: his"},{"text":"πυρὶ","gloss":"πῦρ: fire"},{"text":"λαμπετόωντι","gloss":"λαμπετάω: blazing"},{"text":"ἐίκτην.","gloss":"ἔοικα: were like"}],"audio":null},{"number":49,"id":"grc.ph.L33.r210.105","source":"Κάλχαντα πρώτιστα κάκ’ ὀσσόμενος προσέειπεν·","translation":"And first, with a look of ill omen, he spoke to Calchas:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Κάλχαντα","gloss":"Κάλχας: to Calchas"},{"text":"πρώτιστα","gloss":"πρώτιστος: first"},{"text":"κάκ’","gloss":"κακός: ill"},{"text":"ὀσσόμενος","gloss":"ὄσσομαι: with a look"},{"text":"προσέειπεν·","gloss":"προσεῖπον: he spoke"}],"audio":null},{"number":50,"id":"grc.ph.L33.r210.106","source":"“ μάντι κακῶν, οὔ πώ ποτέ μοι τὸ κρήγυον εἶπας·","translation":"\"Seer of evils, never yet have you spoken good to me;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“","gloss":""},{"text":"μάντι","gloss":"μάντις: seer"},{"text":"κακῶν,","gloss":"κακός: of evils"},{"text":"οὔ","gloss":"never"},{"text":"πώ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"ποτέ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"text":"μοι","gloss":"ἐγώ: to me"},{"text":"τὸ","gloss":"ὁ: (untranslated)"},{"text":"κρήγυον","gloss":"κρήγυος: good"},{"text":"εἶπας·","gloss":"εἶπον: have you spoken"}],"audio":null},{"number":51,"id":"grc.ph.L33.r210.107","source":"αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ’ ἐστὶ φίλα φρεσὶ μαντεύεσθαι,","translation":"evil things are always dear to your heart to foretell,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"αἰεί","gloss":"ἀεί: always"},{"text":"τοι","gloss":"σύ: your"},{"text":"τὰ","gloss":"ὁ: (untranslated)"},{"text":"κάκ’","gloss":"κακός: evil things"},{"text":"ἐστὶ","gloss":"εἰμί: are"},{"text":"φίλα","gloss":"φίλος: dear"},{"text":"φρεσὶ","gloss":"φρήν: to heart"},{"text":"μαντεύεσθαι,","gloss":"μαντεύομαι: to foretell"}],"audio":null},{"number":52,"id":"grc.ph.L33.r210.108","source":"ἐσθλὸν δ’ οὔτε τί πω εἶπας ἔπος οὔτε τέλεσσας,","translation":"but never yet have you spoken a good word, nor brought one to pass;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἐσθλὸν","gloss":"ἐσθλός: good"},{"text":"δ’","gloss":"δέ: but"},{"text":"οὔτε","gloss":"never"},{"text":"τί","gloss":"τις: (untranslated)"},{"text":"πω","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"εἶπας","gloss":"εἶπον: have you spoken"},{"text":"ἔπος","gloss":"a word"},{"text":"οὔτε","gloss":"never"},{"text":"τέλεσσας,","gloss":"τελέω: brought to pass"}],"audio":null}],"grammar":[{"section":957,"text":"§957. INDICATIVE\n\nMiddle Voice\n\nPRESENT\nS. 1    ἵσταμαι       τίθεμαι       ἵεμαι       δίδομαι\n2       ἵστασαι       τίθεσαι       ἵεσαι       δίδοσαι\n3       ἵσταται       τίθεται       ἵεται       δίδοται\nDu. 2   ἵστασθον      τίθεσθον      ἵεσθον      δίδοσθον\n3       ἵστασθον      τίθεσθον      ἵεσθον      δίδοσθον\nPl. 1   ἱστάμε(σ)θα   τιθέμε(σ)θα   ἱέμε(σ)θα   διδόμε(σ)θα\n2       ἵστασθε       τίθεσθε       ἵεσθε       δίδοσθε\n3       ἵστανται      τίθενται      ἵενται      δίδονται\n\nIMPERFECT\nS. 1    ἱστάμην       ἐτιθέμην       ἱέμην       ἐδιδόμην\n2       ἵστασο        ἐτίθεσο        ἵεσο        ἐδίδοσο\n3       ἵστατο        ἐτίθετο        ἵετο        ἐδίδοτο\nDu. 2   ἵστασθον      ἐτίθεσθον      ἵεσθον      ἐδίδοσθον\n3       ἱστάσθην      ἐτιθέσθην      ἱέσθην      ἐδιδόσθην\nPl. 1   ἱστάμε(σ)θα   ἐτιθέμε(σ)θα   ἱέμε(σ)θα   ἐδιδόμε(σ)θα\n2       ἵστασθε       ἐτίθεσθε       ἵεσθε       ἐδίδοσθε\n3       ἵσταντο       ἐτίθεντο       ἵεντο       ἐδίδοντο\n\nFUTURE\nS. 1    στήσομαι       θήσομαι       ἥσομαι       δώσομαι\n2       στήσεαι        θήσεαι        ἥσεαι        δώσεαι\n3       στήσεται       θήσεται       ἥσεται       δώσεται\nDu. 2   στήσεσθον      θήσεσθον      ἥσεσθον      δώσεσθον\n3       στήσεσθον      θήσεσθον      ἥσεσθον      δώσεσθον\nPl. 1   στησόμε(σ)θα   θησόμε(σ)θα   ἡσόμε(σ)θα   δωσόμε(σ)θα\n2       στήσεσθε       θήσεσθε       ἥσεσθε       δώσεσθε\n3       στήσονται      θήσονται      ἥσονται      δώσονται\n\nFIRST AORIST\nS. 1    ἐστησάμην\n2       ἐστήσαο\n3       ἐστήσατο        ἐθήκατο\nDu. 2   ἐστησάσθον\n3       ἐστησάσθην\nPl. 1   ἐστησάμε(σ)θα\n2       ἐστήσασθε\n3       ἐστήσαντο\n\nSECOND AORIST\nS. 1       ἐθέμην       εἵμην       ἐδόμην\n2          ἔθεο         εἷο         ἔδοο (ου)\n3          ἔθετο        εἷτο        ἔδοτο\nDu. 2      ἔθεσθον      εἷσθον      ἔδοσθον\n3          ἐθέσθην      εἵσθην      ἐδόσθην\nPl. 1      ἐθέμε(σ)θα   εἵμε(σ)θα   ἐδόμε(σ)θα\n2          ἔθεσθε       εἷσθε       ἔδοσθε\n3          ἔθεντο       εἷντο       ἔδοντο"},{"section":958,"text":"§958. SUBJUNCTIVE\n\nPRESENT\nS. 1    ἱστῶμαι       τιθῶμαι       ἱῶμαι       διδῶμαι\n2       ἱστῆαι        τιθῆαι        ἱῆαι        διδῷαι\n3       ἱστῆται       τιθῆται       ἱῆται       διδῶται\nDu. 2   ἱστῆσθον      τιθῆσθον      ἱῆσθον      διδῶσθον\n3       ἱστῆσθον      τιθῆσθον      ἱῆσθον      διδῶσθον\nPl. 1   ἱστώμε(σ)θα   τιθώμε(σ)θα   ἱώμε(σ)θα   διδώμε(σ)θα\n2       ἱστῆσθε       τιθῆσθε       ἱῆσθε       διδῶσθε\n3       ἱστῶνται      τιθῶνται      ἱῶνται      διδῶνται\n\nSECOND AORIST\nS. 1       θῶμαι       ὧμαι       δῶμαι\n2          θῆαι        ἧαι        δῷαι\n3          θῆται       ἧται       δῶται\nDu. 2      θῆσθον      ἧσθον      δῶσθον\n3          θῆσθον      ἧσθον      δῶσθον\nPl. 1      θώμε(σ)θα   ὡμε(σ)θα   δώμε(σ)θα\n2          θῆσθε       ἧσθε       δῶσθε\n3          θῶνται      ὧνται      δῶνται"},{"section":959,"text":"§959. OPTATIVE\n\nPRESENT\nS. 1    ἱσταίμην       τιθείμην       ἱείμην       διδοίμην\n2       ἱσταῖο         τιθεῖο         ἱεῖο         διδοῖο\n3       ἱσταῖτο        τιθεῖτο        ἱεῖτο        διδοῖτο\nDu. 2   ἱσταῖσθον      τιθεῖσθον      ἱεῖσθον      διδοῖσθον\n3       ἱσταίσθην      τιθείσθην      ἱείσθην      διδοίσθην\nPl. 1   ἱσταίμε(σ)θα   τιθείμε(σ)θα   ἱείμε(σ)θα   διδοίμε(σ)θα\n2       ἱσταῖσθε       τιθεῖσθε       ἱεῖσθε       διδοῖσθε\n3       ἱσταίατο       τιθείατο       ἱείατο       διδοίατο\n\nSECOND AORIST\nS. 1       θείμην       εἵμην       δοίμην\n2          θεῖο         εἷο         δοῖο\n3          θεῖτο        εἷτο        δοῖτο\nDu. 2      θεῖσθον      εἷσθον      δοῖσθον\n3          θείσθην      εἵσθην      δοίσθην\nPl. 1      θείμε(σ)θα   εἵμε(σ)θα   δοίμε(σ)θα\n2          θεῖσθε       εἷσθε       δοῖσθε\n3          θείατο       εἵατο       δοίατο"},{"section":960,"text":"§960. Imperative\n\nPresent\nS. 2    ἵστασο     τίθεσο     ἵεσο     δίδοσο\n3       ἱστάσθω    τιθέσθω    ἱέσθω    διδόσθω\nDu. 2   ἵστασθον   τίθεσθον   ἵεσθον   δίδοσθον\n3       ἱστάσθων   τιθέσθων   ἱέσθων   διδόσθων\nPl. 2   ἵστασθε    τίθεσθε    ἵεσθε    δίδοσθε\n3       ἱστάσθων   τιθέσθων   ἱέσθων   διδόσθων\n\nSecond Aorist\nS. 2    ,   θέο (θεῦ)   ἕο      δόο (δοῦ)\n3       ,   θέσθω       ἕσθω    δόσθω\nDu. 2   ,   θέσθον      ἕσθον   δόσθον\n3       ,   θέσθων      ἕσθων   δόσθων\nPl. 2   ,   θέσθε       ἕσθε    δόσθε\n3       ,   θέσθων      ἕσθων   δόσθων"},{"section":961,"text":"§961. Infinitive\n\nPresent     ἵστασθαι   τίθεσθαι   ἵεσθαι   δίδοσθαι\nSec. Aor.   ,          θέσθαι     ἕσθαι    δόσθαι"},{"section":962,"text":"§962. Participle\n\nPresent     ἱστάμενος, η, ον   τιθήμενος, η, ον   ἱέμενος, η, ον   διδόμενος, η, ον\nSec. Aor.   ,                  θέμενος, η, ον     ἕμενος, η, ον    δόμενος, μ, ον"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"εὐρὺ","gloss":"Broad, wide, large, from εὐρύς"},{"word":"κρείων","gloss":"Ruling, prince, ruler"},{"word":"ἄχνυται","gloss":"Be grieved, be vexed, be enraged, from ἄχ-νυμαι"},{"word":"πίμπλανται","gloss":"Fill, sate, stuff, from πίμ-πλημι"},{"word":"ἀμφιμέλαιναι","gloss":"Black all around, very black, from ἀμφι-μέλας"},{"word":"μένεος","gloss":"Rage, anger, might, from μένος"},{"word":"ὄσσε","gloss":"Eyes"},{"word":"λαμπετόωντι","gloss":"Shine, gleam, blaze, from λαμπετά-ω"},{"word":"ὄσσονται","gloss":"Eye, look upon, look, from ὄσσομαι"},{"word":"πώ","gloss":"In some way, any way, ever"},{"word":"κρήγυα","gloss":"Good, helpful, favorable, from κρήγυος"},{"word":"μαντεύεσθαι","gloss":"Predict, prophesy, act as seer, from μαντεύ-ομαι"},{"word":"ἐσθλὰ","gloss":"Good, noble, brave, from ἐσθλός"},{"word":"ἀχνύμενος","gloss":"Grieving, from ἀχεύω"},{"word":"πίμπλαντ’","gloss":"986, fill, sate, from πίμπλημι"},{"word":"πρώτιστα","gloss":"First, chiefest, the very first, from πρώτιστος"}],"paradigms":[{"section":957,"headword":"ἵστημι","caption":"present indicative middle","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἵσταμαι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἵστασαι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἵσταται","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἵστασθον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἵστασθον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἱστάμεθα","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἵστασθε","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἵστανται","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[2,3,6]},{"section":957,"headword":"τίθημι","caption":"present indicative middle","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"τίθεμαι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"τίθεσαι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"τίθεται","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"τίθεσθον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"τίθεσθον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"τιθέμεθα","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"τίθεσθε","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"τίθενται","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[2,3,6]},{"section":957,"headword":"ἵημι","caption":"present indicative middle","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἵεμαι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἵεσαι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἵεται","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἵεσθον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἵεσθον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἱέμεθα","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἵεσθε","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἵενται","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[3,5,6]},{"section":957,"headword":"δίδωμι","caption":"present indicative middle","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"δίδομαι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"δίδοσαι","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"δίδοται","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"δίδοσθον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"δίδοσθον","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"διδόμεθα","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"δίδοσθε","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"δίδονται","meaning":"","name":"present indicative middle, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[1,2,7]},{"section":957,"headword":"τίθημι","caption":"second aorist indicative middle","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἐθέμην","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative middle, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἔθεο","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative middle, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἔθετο","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative middle, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἔθεσθον","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative middle, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἐθέσθην","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative middle, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἐθέμεθα","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative middle, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἔθεσθε","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative middle, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἔθεντο","meaning":"","name":"second aorist indicative middle, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[1,2,6]},{"section":958,"headword":"ἵστημι","caption":"present subjunctive middle","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἱστῶμαι","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive middle, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἱστῆαι","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive middle, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἱστῆται","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive middle, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἱστῆσθον","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive middle, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἱστῆσθον","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive middle, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἱστώμεθα","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive middle, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἱστῆσθε","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive middle, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἱστῶνται","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive middle, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[2,6,7]}]},{"title":"Lesson XXXIV: Review of Regular -μι Verbs","teaching":[{"title":"Review of the verbs in -μι","paragraphs":["This lesson teaches nothing new. It reviews four verbs in the active, middle and passive: ἵστημι, make stand, τίθημι, put, ἵημι, send, and δίδωμι, give.","The passive is the part you have seen least. Pharr's sentences have two examples: ἐτέθη, was placed, and δοθείη, may be given.","One form is added. ἵστημι has a perfect, which Pharr translates stand: ἕστηκα, ἕστηκας, ἕστηκε. Plural: ἕσταμεν, ἕστατε."]},{"title":"The girl Chryseis","paragraphs":["In these lines a speaker answers someone who prophesies among the Danaans. You say, he says, that the far-shooter brings them pains because I refused the splendid ransom for the girl Chryseis.","He prefers to keep her at home. He values her above Clytemnestra, his wedded wife. She is in no way inferior in form, stature, mind or handiwork.","Even so, he is willing to give her back, if that is better. He would rather the people be safe than perish.","Find δόμεναι, to give back, and βούλομ’, I prefer. Find also ἐθέλω, I am willing, from this lesson's word list."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"grc.ph.L34.g216.1","source":"θεοπροπέοντες ἐν Ἀχαιοῖσι μάντεις ἀγορεύουσιν, ὡς δὴ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἕνεκα ἑκηβόλος τεύχει ἄλγεα, οὕνεκ’ οὐκ ἤθελε δέξασθαι ἀγλά’ ἄποινα κούρης Χρῡσηίδος.","translation":"Prophesying among the Achaeans, the seers declare how, indeed, on account of Agamemnon the free-shooter works woes, because he did not wish to accept the splendid ransoms of the girl Chryseis.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"θεοπροπέοντες","gloss":"θεο-προπέ-ω: prophesy, foretell, declare an oracle"},{"text":"ἐν","gloss":"in, among, there(in)"},{"text":"Ἀχαιοῖσι","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"μάντεις","gloss":"μάντις: seer, prophet, soothsayer"},{"text":"ἀγορεύουσιν,","gloss":"ἀγορεύ-ω: speak, say, tell, harangue"},{"text":"ὡς","gloss":"so, how, that, as, when"},{"text":"δὴ","gloss":"indeed, truly, forsooth, now"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"Ἀγαμέμνων: Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"},{"text":"ἕνεκα","gloss":"on account, because of, for the sake of"},{"text":"ἑκηβόλος","gloss":"ἑκη-βόλος: free-shooter, sharpshooter"},{"text":"τεύχει","gloss":"τεύχω: make, fashion, cause"},{"text":"ἄλγεα,","gloss":"ἄλγος: grief, pain, woe, trouble"},{"text":"οὕνεκ’","gloss":"οὕνεκα: because"},{"text":"οὐκ","gloss":"οὐ: not, no"},{"text":"ἤθελε","gloss":"(ἐ)θέλω: wish, desire, be willing"},{"text":"δέξασθαι","gloss":"δέχ-ομαι: receive, accept"},{"text":"ἀγλά’","gloss":"ἀγλαός: bright, shining, splendid, glorious"},{"text":"ἄποινα","gloss":"ransom(s)"},{"text":"κούρης","gloss":"κούρη: girl, maiden, young woman"},{"text":"Χρῡσηίδος.","gloss":"Χρυσηΐς: Chryseis, daughter of Chryses"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L34.g216.1.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"grc.ph.L34.g216.2","source":"Ἀγαμέμνων οὐκ ἤθελε δέξασθαι ἄποινα, ἐπεὶ πολὺ βούλεται ἔχειν τὴν κούρην αὐτὴν οἴκοι.","translation":"Agamemnon did not wish to accept the ransoms, since he much prefers to keep the girl herself at home.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"},{"text":"οὐκ","gloss":"οὐ: not, no"},{"text":"ἤθελε","gloss":"(ἐ)θέλω: wish, desire, be willing"},{"text":"δέξασθαι","gloss":"δέχ-ομαι: receive, accept"},{"text":"ἄποινα,","gloss":"ransom(s)"},{"text":"ἐπεὶ","gloss":"when, since, for"},{"text":"πολὺ","gloss":"πολλός: much, many, numerous"},{"text":"βούλεται","gloss":"βούλομαι: wish, desire, be willing, prefer"},{"text":"ἔχειν","gloss":"ἔχω: have, hold, keep"},{"text":"τὴν","gloss":"ὁ: the; he, she, it; this, that"},{"text":"κούρην","gloss":"κούρη: girl, maiden, young woman"},{"text":"αὐτὴν","gloss":"αὐτός: self, same"},{"text":"οἴκοι.","gloss":"at home"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L34.g216.2.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"grc.ph.L34.g216.3","source":"προβουλήσεται Ἀγαμέμνων Χρῡσηίδα Κλυταιμ(ν)ήστρης κουριδίης ἀλόχου;","translation":"Will Agamemnon prefer Chryseis to Clytaemnestra, his lawfully wedded wife?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"προβουλήσεται","gloss":"προ-βούλομαι: prefer, wish rather"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνων","gloss":"Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"},{"text":"Χρῡσηίδα","gloss":"Χρυσηΐς: Chryseis, daughter of Chryses"},{"text":"Κλυταιμ(ν)ήστρης","gloss":"Κλυταιμ(ν)ήστρη: Clytaemnestra, wife of Agamemnon"},{"text":"κουριδίης","gloss":"κουρίδιος: lawfully wedded, legally married"},{"text":"ἀλόχου;","gloss":"ἄ-λοχος: wife, spouse"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L34.g216.3.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"grc.ph.L34.g216.4","source":"Χρῡσηίς οὐκ ἐστι χερείων Κλυταιμ(ν)ήστρης, οὐ δέμας οὐδὲ φυὴν οὔτ’ ἄρ φρένας οὔτε τι ἔργα.","translation":"Chryseis is not inferior to Clytaemnestra, neither in form nor in stature, nor indeed in disposition, nor at all in accomplishments.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Χρῡσηίς","gloss":"Chryseis, daughter of Chryses"},{"text":"οὐκ","gloss":"οὐ: not, no"},{"text":"ἐστι","gloss":"(he, she, it) is, there is"},{"text":"χερείων","gloss":"worse, inferior"},{"text":"Κλυταιμ(ν)ήστρης,","gloss":"Κλυταιμ(ν)ήστρη: Clytaemnestra, wife of Agamemnon"},{"text":"οὐ","gloss":"not, no"},{"text":"δέμας","gloss":"build, stature, size, form, body"},{"text":"οὐδὲ","gloss":"οὐ-δέ: not even, and not, nor"},{"text":"φυὴν","gloss":"φυή: form, nature, beauty, growth, appearance"},{"text":"οὔτ’","gloss":"οὔ-τε: and not, nor"},{"text":"ἄρ","gloss":"ἄρα: then, so, therefore, accordingly"},{"text":"φρένας","gloss":"φρήν: heart, mind, midriff"},{"text":"οὔτε","gloss":"οὔ-τε: and not, nor"},{"text":"τι","gloss":"τις: some(one), any(one); at all"},{"text":"ἔργα.","gloss":"ἔργον: work, deed, accomplishment"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L34.g216.4.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"grc.ph.L34.g216.5","source":"ἐθέλουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ δόμεναι πάλιν ἑλικώπιδα κούρην, εἰ τό γ’ ἐστὶν ἄμεινον, ἐπεὶ βούλονται λᾱὸν εἶναι σόον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι.","translation":"The Achaeans wish to give back the bright-eyed girl again, if that is better, since they prefer the people to be safe rather than to perish.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἐθέλουσιν","gloss":"(ἐ)θέλω: wish, desire, be willing"},{"text":"Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"δόμεναι","gloss":"δίδωμι: give, grant"},{"text":"πάλιν","gloss":"back, backward(s), again, anew"},{"text":"ἑλικώπιδα","gloss":"ἑλίκ-ωψ: bright-eyed, flashing-eyed"},{"text":"κούρην,","gloss":"κούρη: girl, maiden, young woman"},{"text":"εἰ","gloss":"if, whether"},{"text":"τό","gloss":"ὅ γε: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"γ’","gloss":"ὅ γε: this, that; he, she, it"},{"text":"ἐστὶν","gloss":"ἐστί: (he, she, it) is, there is"},{"text":"ἄμεινον,","gloss":"ἀμείνων: better, braver, superior, preferable"},{"text":"ἐπεὶ","gloss":"when, since, for"},{"text":"βούλονται","gloss":"βούλομαι: wish, desire, be willing, prefer"},{"text":"λᾱὸν","gloss":"λαός: people, host, soldiery"},{"text":"εἶναι","gloss":"εἰμί: be"},{"text":"σόον","gloss":"σόος: safe, sound, unhurt, unharmed, well"},{"text":"ἢ","gloss":"or, than, whether; rather than"},{"text":"ἀπολέσθαι.","gloss":"ἀπ-όλλυμι: destroy, kill, ruin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L34.g216.5.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"grc.ph.L34.g216.6","source":"δοθείη ἡ κούρη πατρὶ φίλῳ.","translation":"May the girl be given to her dear father.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"δοθείη","gloss":"δίδωμι: give, grant"},{"text":"ἡ","gloss":"ὁ: the; he, she, it; this, that"},{"text":"κούρη","gloss":"girl, maiden, young woman"},{"text":"πατρὶ","gloss":"πατήρ: father, sire"},{"text":"φίλῳ.","gloss":"φίλος: dear, darling, lovely, beloved"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L34.g216.6.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"grc.ph.L34.g216.7","source":"ἔστη ἱερεὺς Χρύσης ἐν στρατῷ Ἀχαιῶν καὶ ἐλίσσετ’ Ἀγαμέμνονα, ἀλλ’ οὐδ’ ὧς παῖς φίλη ἐτέθη πατρὶ ἐν χερσίν.","translation":"The priest Chryses stood in the camp of the Achaeans and was entreating Agamemnon, but not even so was the dear child placed in her father's hands.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἔστη","gloss":"ἵστημι: stand, stand up"},{"text":"ἱερεὺς","gloss":"priest, holy man"},{"text":"Χρύσης","gloss":"Chryses, a priest of Apollo"},{"text":"ἐν","gloss":"in, among, there(in)"},{"text":"στρατῷ","gloss":"στρατός: army, encampment, host"},{"text":"Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and, also, even"},{"text":"ἐλίσσετ’","gloss":"λίσσομαι: beg, entreat"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνονα,","gloss":"Ἀγαμέμνων: Agamemnon, king of Mycenae"},{"text":"ἀλλ’","gloss":"ἀλλά: but, moreover"},{"text":"οὐδ’","gloss":"οὐ-δέ: not even, and not, nor"},{"text":"ὧς","gloss":"thus, so, in this way"},{"text":"παῖς","gloss":"child, son, daughter"},{"text":"φίλη","gloss":"φίλος: dear, darling, lovely, beloved"},{"text":"ἐτέθη","gloss":"τίθημι: put, place, cause"},{"text":"πατρὶ","gloss":"πατήρ: father, sire"},{"text":"ἐν","gloss":"in, among, there(in)"},{"text":"χερσίν.","gloss":"χείρ: hand, arm"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L34.g216.7.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"grc.ph.L34.r217.109","source":"καὶ νῦν ἐν Δαναοῖσι θεοπροπέων ἀγορεύεις,","translation":"and now, prophesying among the Danaans, you declare","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and"},{"text":"νῦν","gloss":"now"},{"text":"ἐν","gloss":"among"},{"text":"Δαναοῖσι","gloss":"Δαναοί: the Danaans"},{"text":"θεοπροπέων","gloss":"θεοπροπέω: prophesying"},{"text":"ἀγορεύεις,","gloss":"ἀγορεύω: you declare"}],"audio":null},{"number":61,"id":"grc.ph.L34.r217.110","source":"ὡς δὴ τοῦδ’ ἕνεκά σφιν ἑκηβόλος ἄλγεα τεύχει,","translation":"that the far-shooter brings them pains for this,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ὡς","gloss":"that"},{"text":"δὴ","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"text":"τοῦδ’","gloss":"ὅδε: this"},{"text":"ἕνεκά","gloss":"for"},{"text":"σφιν","gloss":"σφεῖς: them"},{"text":"ἑκηβόλος","gloss":"the far-shooter"},{"text":"ἄλγεα","gloss":"ἄλγος: pains"},{"text":"τεύχει,","gloss":"τεύχω: brings"}],"audio":null},{"number":62,"id":"grc.ph.L34.r217.111","source":"οὕνεκ’ ἐγὼ κούρης Χρυσηίδος ἀγλά’ ἄποινα","translation":"because I would not accept the splendid ransom for the girl Chryseis,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οὕνεκ’","gloss":"οὕνεκα: because"},{"text":"ἐγὼ","gloss":"I"},{"text":"κούρης","gloss":"κόρη: the girl"},{"text":"Χρυσηίδος","gloss":"Χρυσηίς: Chryseis"},{"text":"ἀγλά’","gloss":"ἀγλαός: splendid"},{"text":"ἄποινα","gloss":"ransom"}],"audio":null},{"number":63,"id":"grc.ph.L34.r217.112","source":"οὐκ ἔθελον δέξασθαι, ἐπεὶ πολὺ βούλομαι αὐτὴν","translation":"since I much prefer to keep her","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οὐκ","gloss":"οὐ: not"},{"text":"ἔθελον","gloss":"ἐθέλω: was willing"},{"text":"δέξασθαι,","gloss":"δέχομαι: to accept"},{"text":"ἐπεὶ","gloss":"since"},{"text":"πολὺ","gloss":"πολύς: much"},{"text":"βούλομαι","gloss":"I prefer"},{"text":"αὐτὴν","gloss":"αὐτός: her"}],"audio":null},{"number":64,"id":"grc.ph.L34.r217.113","source":"οἴκοι ἔχειν. καὶ γάρ ῥα Κλυταιμνήστρης προβέβουλα,","translation":"at home; for I esteem her above Clytemnestra,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οἴκοι","gloss":"at home"},{"text":"ἔχειν.","gloss":"ἔχω: to keep"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"γάρ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"ῥα","gloss":"ἄρα: then"},{"text":"Κλυταιμνήστρης","gloss":"Κλυταιμνήστρη: Clytemnestra"},{"text":"προβέβουλα,","gloss":"prefer"}],"audio":null},{"number":65,"id":"grc.ph.L34.r217.114","source":"κουριδίης ἀλόχου, ἐπεὶ οὔ ἐθέν ἐστι χερείων,","translation":"my wedded wife, since she is nothing inferior to her,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"κουριδίης","gloss":"κουρίδιος: wedded"},{"text":"ἀλόχου,","gloss":"ἄλοχος: wife"},{"text":"ἐπεὶ","gloss":"since"},{"text":"οὔ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ἐθέν","gloss":"ἕ: than her"},{"text":"ἐστι","gloss":"εἰμί: is"},{"text":"χερείων,","gloss":"inferior"}],"audio":null},{"number":66,"id":"grc.ph.L34.r217.115","source":"οὐ δέμας οὐδὲ φυὴν οὔτ’ ἂρ φρένας οὔτε τι ἔργα.","translation":"not in form nor in stature, not in mind nor in handiwork.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οὐ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"δέμας","gloss":"form"},{"text":"οὐδὲ","gloss":"nor"},{"text":"φυὴν","gloss":"φυή: stature"},{"text":"οὔτ’","gloss":"οὔτε: nor"},{"text":"ἂρ","gloss":"ἄρα: then"},{"text":"φρένας","gloss":"φρήν: mind"},{"text":"οὔτε","gloss":"nor"},{"text":"τι","gloss":"τις: any"},{"text":"ἔργα.","gloss":"ἔργον: handiwork"}],"audio":null},{"number":67,"id":"grc.ph.L34.r217.116","source":"ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἐθέλω δόμεναι πάλιν, εἰ τό γ’ ἄμεινον·","translation":"Yet even so I am willing to give her back, if that is better;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἀλλὰ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"even"},{"text":"ὧς","gloss":"so"},{"text":"ἐθέλω","gloss":"willing"},{"text":"δόμεναι","gloss":"δίδωμι: to give"},{"text":"πάλιν,","gloss":"back"},{"text":"εἰ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"τό","gloss":"ὁ: that"},{"text":"γ’","gloss":"γε: (untranslated)"},{"text":"ἄμεινον·","gloss":"ἀμείνων: better"}],"audio":null},{"number":68,"id":"grc.ph.L34.r217.117","source":"βούλομ’ ἐγὼ λαὸν σόον ἔμμεναι ἢ ἀπολέσθαι.","translation":"I would rather the people be safe than perish;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"βούλομ’","gloss":"βούλομαι: wish"},{"text":"ἐγὼ","gloss":"I"},{"text":"λαὸν","gloss":"λαός: people"},{"text":"σόον","gloss":"σῶς: safe"},{"text":"ἔμμεναι","gloss":"εἰμί: to be"},{"text":"ἢ","gloss":"than"},{"text":"ἀπολέσθαι.","gloss":"ἀπόλλυμι: perish"}],"audio":null}],"grammar":[{"section":963,"text":"§963. For the second perfect system of ἵστημι see 924."},{"section":924,"text":"§924. SECOND PERFECT SYSTEM OF ἵστημι (στη-, στα-), stand\n\nPERFECT\n        INDICATIVE         SUBJUNCTIVE   OPTATIVE   IMPERATIVE   INFINITIVE\nS. 1    ἕστηκα             ἑστήκω        ἑσταίην                 ἑστάμεν(αι)\nS. 2    ἕστηκας            ἑστήκῃς(θα)   ἑσταίης    ἕσταθι\nS. 3    ἕστηκε             ἑστήκῃ(σι)    ἑσταίη     ἑστάτω       PARTICIPLE\nDu. 2   ἕστατον            ἑστήκετον     ἑσταῖτον   ἕστατον      ἑσταώς, υῖα,\nDu. 3   ἕστατον            ἑστήκετον     ἑσταίτην   ἑστάτων      ός\nPl. 1   ἕσταμεν            ἑστήκομεν     ἑσταῖμεν\nPl. 2   ἕστατε             ἑστήκετε      ἑσταῖτε    ἕστατε\nPl. 3   ἑστᾶσι, ἑστήκᾱσι   ἑστήκωσι      ἑσταῖεν    ἑστάντων\nSUBJUNCTIVE: Very rare; the dual and plural forms are uncertain.\n\nPLUPERFECT\nS. 1   εἱστήκεα (-η 585)     Du.             Pl.   ἕσταμεν\nS. 2   εἱστήκεας (-ης 585)         ἕστατον         ἕστατε\nS. 3   εἱστήκεε (-ει 585)          ἑστάτην         ἕστασαν"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"θεοπροπέοντες","gloss":"Prophesy, foretell, declare an oracle, from θεο-προπέ-ω"},{"word":"ἀγορεύουσιν","gloss":"Speak, say, tell, from ἀγορεύ-ω"},{"word":"ἤθελε","gloss":"Wish, desire, be willing, from (ἐ)θέλω"},{"word":"Χρῡσηίδος","gloss":"Chryseis, daughter of Chryses, from Χρυσηΐς"},{"word":"οἴκοι","gloss":"At home"},{"word":"προβουλήσεται","gloss":"Prefer, wish rather, from προ-βούλομαι"},{"word":"κουριδίης","gloss":"Lawfully wedded, legally married, wedded in youth, from κουρίδιος"},{"word":"ἀλόχου","gloss":"Wife, spouse, from ἄ-λοχος"},{"word":"χερείων","gloss":"Worse, inferior"},{"word":"δέμας","gloss":"Build, stature, size"},{"word":"οὐδὲ","gloss":"Not even, and not, nor, from οὐ-δέ"},{"word":"φυὴν","gloss":"Form, nature, beauty, from φυή"},{"word":"τό","gloss":"This, that, from ὅ γε"},{"word":"ἄμεινον","gloss":"Better, braver, superior, from ἀμείνων"},{"word":"σόον","gloss":"Safe, sound, unhurt, from σόος"},{"word":"ἀπολέσθαι","gloss":"Destroy, kill, ruin, from ἀπ-όλλυμι"},{"word":"ἔστη","gloss":"Set, STAND, make stand, from ἵστημι"},{"word":"θεοπροπέων","gloss":"Prophesy, foretell, declare an oracle, from θεοπροπέω"},{"word":"ἀγορεύεις","gloss":"Speak, say, tell, from ἀγορεύω"},{"word":"κούρης","gloss":"The girl, from κόρη"},{"word":"ἔθελον","gloss":"Was willing, from ἐθέλω"},{"word":"προβέβουλα","gloss":"Prefer"},{"word":"ἐθέν","gloss":"Save, preserve, observe, from ἕ"}],"paradigms":[{"section":949,"headword":"ἵστημι","caption":"imperfect indicative active","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἵστην","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἵστης","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἵστη","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἵστατον","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἱστάτην","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἵσταμεν","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἵστατε","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἵστασαν","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[1,3,6]},{"section":949,"headword":"τίθημι","caption":"imperfect indicative active","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἐτίθην","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἐτίθεις","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἐτίθει","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἐτίθετον","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἐτιθέτην","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἐτίθεμεν","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἐτίθετε","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἐτίθεσαν","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative active, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[2,5,6]}]},{"title":"Lesson XXXV: Irregular Verbs in -μι, εἰμί, and Enclitics","teaching":[{"title":"The verb to be","paragraphs":["In Greek the verb to be is εἰμί, I am. It is irregular. Pharr gives its stem as ἐσ-.","Present: εἰμί, ἐσσί, ἐστί, I am, you are, he is. Dual: ἐστόν. Plural: εἰμέν, ἐστέ, εἰσί, we are, you are, they are.","Imperfect: ἦα, ἦσθα, ἦεν. ἦν is another spelling of ἦεν. Pharr's sentence: Ἀτρείδης ἦν κύδιστος, the son of Atreus was the most glorious.","Subjunctive: ἔω, ἔῃς, ἔῃ. In ὄφρα μὴ οἶος Ἀχαιῶν ἔῃ ἀγέραστος: so that he alone of the Achaeans may not be without a prize.","The table also gives the optative εἴην, εἴης, εἴη, the imperative ἔστω, the future ἔσ(σ)ομαι and the infinitive εἶναι, to be. The participle is ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν. A letter in parentheses may be left out."]},{"title":"The enclitics","paragraphs":["An enclitic is said as part of the word before it. Its accent moves back onto that word: οἰωνοῖσί τε, and for the birds.","Pharr lists the enclitics. The short forms of I, you and him: μοί, μέ, σέ. The indefinite τὶς and related words, such as πού, somewhere. The present of εἰμί, including ἐστί.","Some particles are enclitics too. A particle is a short word that never changes its form. γέ emphasizes the word before it. Others are τέ, πέρ and κέ(ν)."]},{"title":"Enclitics and their accents","paragraphs":["Some enclitics keep their accent. ἐστί is written ἔστι at the start of a sentence, when it means there is, and after οὐκ, εἰ, καί and μή. An enclitic also keeps its accent when it is emphatic or has no word before it.","So a second accent on the last syllable of a word, as in οἰωνοῖσί, can come from the enclitic after it."]},{"title":"A prize at once","paragraphs":["In these lines a speaker demands a prize at once, so that he alone of the Argives is not without one. That would not be fitting. You all see, he says, that my prize goes elsewhere.","Achilles answers. He calls him son of Atreus, most glorious and most grasping of all men.","How will the Achaeans give you a prize? They know of no great common store. What was plundered from the cities has been divided.","Find ἔω, I may be, the subjunctive of εἰμί, with ἀγέραστος. Find also the enclitics μοι in ὅ μοι γέρας, and τί and που after οὐδέ."]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"grc.ph.L35.g223.1","source":"ἑτοιμάσομεν αὐτίκα γέρας Ἀγαμέμνονι, ὄφρα μὴ οἶος Ἀχαιῶν ἔῃ ἀγέραστος, τόδε γὰρ οὐδὲ ἔοικεν.","translation":"We will prepare a prize of honor for Agamemnon at once, so that he alone of the Achaeans may not be without one; for this too is not fitting.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἑτοιμάσομεν","gloss":"ἑτοιμάζω*: prepare, make ready"},{"text":"αὐτίκα","gloss":"immediately, forthwith"},{"text":"γέρας","gloss":"prize (of honor)"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνονι,","gloss":"Ἀγαμέμνων: Agamemnon"},{"text":"ὄφρα","gloss":"in order that, until, while"},{"text":"μὴ","gloss":"not, lest, that not"},{"text":"οἶος","gloss":"alone, sole, only"},{"text":"Ἀχαιῶν","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"ἔῃ","gloss":"εἰμί: be"},{"text":"ἀγέραστος,","gloss":"ἀ-γέραστος: without a prize of honor"},{"text":"τόδε","gloss":"ὅ-δε: this, that"},{"text":"γὰρ","gloss":"for, in fact"},{"text":"οὐδὲ","gloss":"οὐ-δέ: not even, and not"},{"text":"ἔοικεν.","gloss":"εἴκω: be fitting, seem (likely)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.g223.1.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"grc.ph.L35.g223.2","source":"πάντες Ἀχαιοὶ λεύσσουσιν ὅτι γέρας Ἀγαμέμνονος ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ.","translation":"All the Achaeans see that Agamemnon's prize is going elsewhere.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"πάντες","gloss":"πᾶς: all, every, (the) whole"},{"text":"Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"λεύσσουσιν","gloss":"λεύσσω: see, behold, observe"},{"text":"ὅτι","gloss":"that"},{"text":"γέρας","gloss":"prize (of honor)"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνονος","gloss":"Ἀγαμέμνων: Agamemnon"},{"text":"ἔρχεται","gloss":"ἔρχομαι: come, go"},{"text":"ἄλλῃ.","gloss":"ἄλλῃ (adv. of ἄλλος): elsewhere"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.g223.2.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"grc.ph.L35.g223.3","source":"ἠμειψάμεθα ἄνακτα καὶ εἴπομεν.","translation":"We answered the king and spoke.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἠμειψάμεθα","gloss":"ἀμείβ-ω: (mid.), answer, reply"},{"text":"ἄνακτα","gloss":"ἄναξ: king, lord, protector"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and, also, even"},{"text":"εἴπομεν.","gloss":"εἴρω: speak, say, tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.g223.3.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"grc.ph.L35.g223.4","source":"ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς εἶπε μῦθον κρατερὸν Ἀγαμέμνονι κῡδίστῳ, φιλοκτεανωτάτῳ δὲ πάντων ἀνδρῶν.","translation":"Swift-footed, godlike Achilles spoke a strong word to Agamemnon, most glorious but most avaricious of all men.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ποδάρκης","gloss":"ποδ-άρκης: swift-footed, able-footed"},{"text":"δῖος","gloss":"divine, heavenly, glorious"},{"text":"Ἀχιλλεὺς","gloss":"Achilles"},{"text":"εἶπε","gloss":"εἴρω: speak, say, tell"},{"text":"μῦθον","gloss":"μῦθος: word, command, story"},{"text":"κρατερὸν","gloss":"κρατερός: strong, harsh, powerful"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνονι","gloss":"Ἀγαμέμνων: Agamemnon"},{"text":"κῡδίστῳ,","gloss":"κύδιστος: most glorious"},{"text":"φιλοκτεανωτάτῳ","gloss":"φιλο-κτεανώτατος: most avaricious, most greedy of gain"},{"text":"δὲ","gloss":"but, and"},{"text":"πάντων","gloss":"πᾶς: all, every, (the) whole"},{"text":"ἀνδρῶν.","gloss":"ἀνήρ: man, warrior, hero"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.g223.4.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"grc.ph.L35.g223.5","source":"Ἀχαιοὶ ἐκπέρσουσι πολλὰ ἐκ λᾱῶν πολίων καὶ δάσονται πάντα λᾱῷ.","translation":"The Achaeans will sack much from the cities of the peoples and will divide it all among the host.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ἀχαιοὶ","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaean, Greek"},{"text":"ἐκπέρσουσι","gloss":"ἐκ-πέρθω: sack (utterly), plunder, pillage"},{"text":"πολλὰ","gloss":"πολλός: much, many, numerous"},{"text":"ἐκ","gloss":"from, out of"},{"text":"λᾱῶν","gloss":"λαός: people, host, soldiery"},{"text":"πολίων","gloss":"πόλις: city"},{"text":"καὶ","gloss":"and, also, even"},{"text":"δάσονται","gloss":"δατέομαι: divide, distribute, allot"},{"text":"πάντα","gloss":"πᾶς: all, every, (the) whole"},{"text":"λᾱῷ.","gloss":"λαός: people, host, soldiery"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.g223.5.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"grc.ph.L35.g223.6","source":"οὐ δώσομεν γέρας Ἀγαμέμνονι, οὐ γὰρ ἔχομέν που ξῡνήια κείμενα.","translation":"We will not give Agamemnon a prize of honor, for we do not have, I suppose, any common stores lying ready.","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οὐ","gloss":"not, no"},{"text":"δώσομεν","gloss":"δί-δωμι: give, grant"},{"text":"γέρας","gloss":"prize (of honor)"},{"text":"Ἀγαμέμνονι,","gloss":"Ἀγαμέμνων: Agamemnon"},{"text":"οὐ","gloss":"not, no"},{"text":"γὰρ","gloss":"for, in fact"},{"text":"ἔχομέν","gloss":"ἔχω: have, hold, keep"},{"text":"που","gloss":"anywhere, somehow, perhaps"},{"text":"ξῡνήια","gloss":"ξυνήιος: common (stock, possessions)"},{"text":"κείμενα.","gloss":"κεῖ-μαι: lie, recline, repose"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.g223.6.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"grc.ph.L35.e226.1","source":"Ἀχαιοὶ ἑτοιμάσουσιν ἄλλο γέρας αὐτίκα Ἀγαμέμνονι, ὄφρα μὴ οἶος πάντων Ἀργείων ἔῃ ἀγέραστος, τόδε γὰρ οὐδὲ ἔοικεν.","translation":"The Achaeans will prepare another gift of honor immediately for Agamemnon, in order that not alone of all the Argives he may be without a prize of honor; for it is not seemly so.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.e226.1.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"grc.ph.L35.e226.2","source":"πάντες λεύσσουσιν ὅτι γέρας ἄνακτος ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ.","translation":"They all see that the prize of the king is going elsewhere.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.e226.2.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"grc.ph.L35.e226.3","source":"πάντες δὲ Ἀχαιοὶ ἠμείψαντο ἔπειτα ποδάρκεα δῖον Ἀχιλῆα.","translation":"Thereupon all the Achaeans answered the swift-footed, god-like Achilles.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.e226.3.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"grc.ph.L35.e226.4","source":"Ἀτρείδης ἦν κύδιστος, φιλοκτεανώτατος δὲ πάντων ἀνδρῶν, οὐ γὰρ ἤθελεν ὃν γέρας πάλιν δοῦναι φίλῳ πατρί, ἐπεὶ οὐκ εἶδε ξυνήια πολλὰ κείμενα, καὶ ἃ μεγάθυμοι Ἀχαιοὶ ἐξέπερσαν ἐκ πολίων δέδαστο.","translation":"The son of Atreus was the most glorious, but the most avaricious of all men, for he was not willing to give his own prize of honor back to her beloved father, because he did not see many common (stores) lying about, and what the great-souled Achaeans had sacked from the cities had been divided.","reading":null,"words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-grc/grc.ph.L35.e226.4.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"grc.ph.L35.r224.118","source":"αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ γέρας αὐτίχ’ ἑτοιμάσατ’, ὄφρα μὴ οἶος","translation":"but make ready a prize for me at once, so that I alone","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"αὐτὰρ","gloss":"ἀτάρ: but"},{"text":"ἐμοὶ","gloss":"ἐγώ: for me"},{"text":"γέρας","gloss":"prize"},{"text":"αὐτίχ’","gloss":"αὐτίκα: at once"},{"text":"ἑτοιμάσατ’,","gloss":"ἑτοιμάζω: make ready"},{"text":"ὄφρα","gloss":"so that"},{"text":"μὴ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"οἶος","gloss":"alone"}],"audio":null},{"number":80,"id":"grc.ph.L35.r224.119","source":"Ἀργείων ἀγέραστος ἔω, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικεν·","translation":"of the Argives may not be without one; for that is not fitting,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"Ἀργείων","gloss":"Ἀργεῖος: of the Argives"},{"text":"ἀγέραστος","gloss":"without a prize"},{"text":"ἔω,","gloss":"εἰμί: be"},{"text":"ἐπεὶ","gloss":"since"},{"text":"οὐδὲ","gloss":"nor"},{"text":"ἔοικεν·","gloss":"ἔοικα: is fitting"}],"audio":null},{"number":81,"id":"grc.ph.L35.r224.120","source":"λεύσσετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες, ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ.”","translation":"you all see this, that my prize is going elsewhere.\"","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"λεύσσετε","gloss":"λεύσσω: see"},{"text":"γὰρ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"τό","gloss":"ὁ: this"},{"text":"γε","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"text":"πάντες,","gloss":"πᾶς: all"},{"text":"ὅ","gloss":"ὅς: that"},{"text":"μοι","gloss":"ἐγώ: my"},{"text":"γέρας","gloss":"prize"},{"text":"ἔρχεται","gloss":"ἔρχομαι: is going"},{"text":"ἄλλῃ.”","gloss":"elsewhere"}],"audio":null},{"number":82,"id":"grc.ph.L35.r224.121","source":"τὸν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·","translation":"Then swift-footed godlike Achilles answered him:","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"τὸν","gloss":"ὁ: him"},{"text":"δ’","gloss":"δέ: and"},{"text":"ἠμείβετ’","gloss":"ἀμείβω: answered"},{"text":"ἔπειτα","gloss":"then"},{"text":"ποδάρκης","gloss":"swift-footed"},{"text":"δῖος","gloss":"godlike"},{"text":"Ἀχιλλεύς·","gloss":"Achilles"}],"audio":null},{"number":83,"id":"grc.ph.L35.r224.122","source":"“Ἀτρεΐδη, κύδιστε, φιλοκτεανώτατε πάντων,","translation":"\"Son of Atreus, most glorious, most grasping of all men,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"“Ἀτρεΐδη,","gloss":"Ἀτρείδης: son of Atreus"},{"text":"κύδιστε,","gloss":"κύδιστος: most glorious"},{"text":"φιλοκτεανώτατε","gloss":"φιλοκτέανος: most grasping"},{"text":"πάντων,","gloss":"πᾶς: of all"}],"audio":null},{"number":84,"id":"grc.ph.L35.r224.123","source":"πῶς γάρ τοι δώσουσι γέρας μεγάθυμοι Ἀχαιοί;","translation":"for how shall the great-hearted Achaeans give you a prize?","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"πῶς","gloss":"how"},{"text":"γάρ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"τοι","gloss":"σύ: you"},{"text":"δώσουσι","gloss":"δίδωμι: give"},{"text":"γέρας","gloss":"prize"},{"text":"μεγάθυμοι","gloss":"μεγάθυμος: great-hearted"},{"text":"Ἀχαιοί;","gloss":"Ἀχαιός: Achaeans"}],"audio":null},{"number":85,"id":"grc.ph.L35.r224.124","source":"οὐδέ τί που ἴδμεν ξυνήια κείμενα πολλά,","translation":"we know of no great common store laid up;","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"οὐδέ","gloss":"nor"},{"text":"τί","gloss":"τις: any"},{"text":"που","gloss":"(untranslated)"},{"text":"ἴδμεν","gloss":"οἶδα: we know"},{"text":"ξυνήια","gloss":"ξυνήιος: common store"},{"text":"κείμενα","gloss":"κεῖμαι: laid up"},{"text":"πολλά,","gloss":"πολύς: great"}],"audio":null},{"number":86,"id":"grc.ph.L35.r224.125","source":"ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν πολίων ἐξεπράθομεν, τὰ δέδασται,","translation":"but what we plundered from the cities has been divided,","reading":null,"words":[{"text":"ἀλλὰ","gloss":"but"},{"text":"τὰ","gloss":"ὁ: that"},{"text":"μὲν","gloss":"on the one hand"},{"text":"πολίων","gloss":"πόλις: cities"},{"text":"ἐξεπράθομεν,","gloss":"ἐκπέρθω: plundered"},{"text":"τὰ","gloss":"ὁ: that"},{"text":"δέδασται,","gloss":"δατέομαι: has been divided"}],"audio":null}],"grammar":[{"section":964,"text":"§964. εἰμί (ἐσ-) be\n        Indicative                         Subjunctive    Optative      Imperative\n        Present       Imperfect            Present        Present       Present\nS. 1    εἰμί          ἦα (ἔα, ἔον)         ἔω             εἴην\n2       ἐσσί (εἷς)    ἦσθα (ἔησθα)         ἔῃς(θα)        εἴης (ἔοις)   ἴσθι*\n3       ἐστί          ἦεν (ἦην, ἔην, ἦν)   ἔῃ(σι) (ᾗσι)   εἴη (ἔοι)     ἔστω\nDu. 2   ἐστόν         ἦστον                ἔητον          εἶτον         ἔστον\n3       ἐστόν         ἦστην                ἔητον          εἴτην         ἔστων\nPl. 1   εἰμέν         ἦμεν                 ἔωμεν          εἶμεν\n2       ἐστέ          ἦτε                  ἔητε           εἶτε          ἔστε\n3       εἰσί (ἔᾱσι)   ἦσαν (ἔσαν)          ἔωσι (ὦσι)     εἶεν          ἔστων\n\nFuture        ἔσ(σ)ομαι, ἔσεαι, etc.\nInfin.        εἶναι, ἔμ(μ)εν(αι)\nMid. Imper.   ἔσσο\nPartic.       ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν"},{"section":553,"text":"§553. Enclitics. An enclitic is a word which regularly loses its own accent, and is pronounced as if it were a part of the preceding word, as οἰωνοῖσί τε and for the birds, where τε (τέ) has lost its accent, which has become attached to the last syllable of the preceding word."},{"section":554,"text":"§554. The enclitics are:\n\nThe personal pronouns μεῦ, μοί, μέ, σεῦ (σέο), σοί (τοί), σέ, ἕο (εὗ), ἕθεν, οἷ, ἕ, σφί(σι), σφίν, σφέ, σφάς (σφᾶς), σφέα(ς), σφωΐν, σφωέ, σφέων, μίν.\nThe indefinite pronoun τὶς, τὶ some (one), any (one), something, anything, in all its forms (but not ἄσσα = τινά).\nThe indefinite adverbs πού (ποθί), πή, ποί, ποθέν, ποτέ, πώ, πώς.\n\nNOTE. When used as interrogatives, the pronouns τίς, τί who? which? what? and the adverbs ποῦ (πόθι), πῇ, ποῖ, πόθεν, πότε, πῶ, πῶς, have the accent here given, which they never lose.\n\nThe present indicative of εἰμί be, and of φημί say (except ἔᾱσι, the 3d pl. of εἰμί and possibly the second singular φής of φημί).\nThe particles γέ, τέ, τοί, πέρ, νύ(ν), κέ(ν), θήν, ῥά.\nThe pronominal suffix -δε, the local suffix (“preposition”) -δε, and the adverbial suffix -θε (as εἴθε, αἴθε)."},{"section":555,"text":"§555. An enclitic does not lose its accent in the following cases:\n\nWhen it is dissyllabic and follows a word which has the acute on the penult.\nWhen the preceding vowel is elided (575).\nWhen there is no preceding word.\nWhen there is an emphasis on the enclitic."},{"section":556,"text":"§556. ἐστί(ν) is written with an accent on the first syllable (ἔστι) when:\n\nIt comes at the beginning of a sentence or of a verse of poetry:\nIt denotes possibility or existence.\nIt is preceded by οὐκ, εἰ, καί, ὡς, μή, ἀλλ’, or τοῦτ’."},{"section":557,"text":"§557. When an enclitic is followed by one or more enclitics in the same sentence, each except the last receives the acute accent on its final syllable from the enclitic following."},{"section":558,"text":"§558. When a word is compounded with an enclitic, it is accented as though they were separate, as οὔτε (οὐ + τέ), ἠδέ (ἤ + δε), οἴδε (οἴ + δε), etc."},{"section":559,"text":"§559. In the following cases the word before an enclitic keeps its own accent, and never changes the acute to the grave:\n\nIf it has an acute on the antepenult (543), or the circumflex on the penult (543), it adds an acute on the ultima (543) as a second accent.\nIf it has the acute on the penult (543), or the circumflex on the ultima (543), no change is made.\n\nNOTE. Remember that two acute accents cannot stand on successive syllables.\n\nIf it is a proclitic or an enclitic, it takes the acute on the ultima (543)."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ἑτοιμάσομεν","gloss":"Prepare, make ready, from ἑτοιμάζω*"},{"word":"αὐτίκα","gloss":"Immediately, forthwith"},{"word":"γέρας","gloss":"Prize"},{"word":"οἶος","gloss":"Alone, sole, only"},{"word":"ἀγέραστος","gloss":"Without a prize of honor, from ἀ-γέραστος"},{"word":"λεύσσουσιν","gloss":"See, behold, observe, from λεύσσω"},{"word":"ἠμειψάμεθα","gloss":"Answer, reply, from ἀμείβ-ω"},{"word":"ποδάρκης","gloss":"Swift-footed, able-footed, from ποδ-άρκης"},{"word":"κῡδίστῳ","gloss":"Most glorious, from κύδιστος"},{"word":"φιλοκτεανωτάτῳ","gloss":"Most avaricious, most greedy of gain, from φιλο-κτεανώτατος"},{"word":"πολίων","gloss":"City, from πόλις"},{"word":"δάσονται","gloss":"Divide, distribute, allot, from δατέομαι"},{"word":"που","gloss":"Any way, anywhere, some way"},{"word":"ξῡνήια","gloss":"Common, from ξυνήιος"},{"word":"κείμενα","gloss":"Lie, recline, repose, from κεῖ-μαι"},{"word":"ἑτοιμάσατ’","gloss":"Make ready, from ἑτοιμάζω"},{"word":"ἠμείβετ’","gloss":"Change, from ἀμείβω"},{"word":"φιλοκτεανώτατε","gloss":"Most grasping, from φιλοκτέανος"},{"word":"μεγάθυμοι","gloss":"Great-souled, brave, from μεγάθυμος"},{"word":"ἐξεπράθομεν","gloss":"Sack, plunder, pillage, from ἐκπέρθω"}],"paradigms":[{"section":964,"headword":"εἰμί","caption":"present indicative","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"εἰμί","meaning":"","name":"present indicative, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἐσσί","meaning":"","name":"present indicative, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἐστί","meaning":"","name":"present indicative, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἐστόν","meaning":"","name":"present indicative, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἐστόν","meaning":"","name":"present indicative, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"εἰμέν","meaning":"","name":"present indicative, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἐστέ","meaning":"","name":"present indicative, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"εἰσί","meaning":"","name":"present indicative, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[2,3,7]},{"section":964,"headword":"εἰμί","caption":"imperfect indicative","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἦα","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἦσθα","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἦεν","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἦστον","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἦστην","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἦμεν","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἦτε","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἦσαν","meaning":"","name":"imperfect indicative, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[3,5,7]},{"section":964,"headword":"εἰμί","caption":"present subjunctive","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"ἔω","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"ἔῃς","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἔῃ","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἔητον","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἔητον","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"ἔωμεν","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἔητε","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἔωσι","meaning":"","name":"present subjunctive, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[2,5,6]},{"section":964,"headword":"εἰμί","caption":"present optative","cells":[{"label":"S. 1","number":"singular","form":"εἴην","meaning":"","name":"present optative, 1st singular"},{"label":"2","number":"singular","form":"εἴης","meaning":"","name":"present optative, 2nd singular"},{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"εἴη","meaning":"","name":"present optative, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"εἶτον","meaning":"","name":"present optative, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"εἴτην","meaning":"","name":"present optative, 3rd dual"},{"label":"Pl. 1","number":"plural","form":"εἶμεν","meaning":"","name":"present optative, 1st plural"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"εἶτε","meaning":"","name":"present optative, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"εἶεν","meaning":"","name":"present optative, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[1,2,5]},{"section":964,"headword":"εἰμί","caption":"present imperative","cells":[{"label":"3","number":"singular","form":"ἔστω","meaning":"","name":"present imperative, 3rd singular"},{"label":"Du. 2","number":"dual","form":"ἔστον","meaning":"","name":"present imperative, 2nd dual"},{"label":"3","number":"dual","form":"ἔστων","meaning":"","name":"present imperative, 3rd dual"},{"label":"2","number":"plural","form":"ἔστε","meaning":"","name":"present imperative, 2nd plural"},{"label":"3","number":"plural","form":"ἔστων","meaning":"","name":"present imperative, 3rd plural"}],"recall":[1,2,3]}]}]}