{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L001","title":"Lesson 1","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 1: greetings and identifying objects · dialogue 1 of 2, confirming and correcting objects · dialogue 2 of 2, pictures, hands, noses, feet, books, asking what things are · perception drill 6, naming classroom objects · perception drill 7, this, questions about near and far objects · perception drill 9, identifying near and far objects · perception drill 10, saying what things are not · perception drill 11, rejecting object identifications · perception drill 12, counting syllables in words · pronunciation drill 1, syllable lengths across vowel sounds · pronunciation drill 2, objects and body words · word list 1 of 3, classroom objects and pointing words · word list 2 of 3, questions.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/1","lines":174},"previous":null,"next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/2","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Greetings and identifying objects · Dialogue 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A greeting and a question","paragraphs":["Two people greet each other and ask what a thing is. The Japanese is spelled with English letters.","Each Japanese line is heard, repeated, and understood word by word. *Konnichi wa* means \"Hello.\""]},{"title":"What to listen for","paragraphs":["*Kore wa nan desu ka* means \"What is this?\" *wa* stands after *kore*, and *ka* stands at the end.","*Sore wa hon desu* means \"That's a book.\" The noun *hon* with *desu* identifies the thing."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.001","source":"Konnichi wa.","translation":"Hello.","reading":"こんにちわ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.002","source":"Konnichi wa.","translation":"Hello.","reading":"こんにちわ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.003","source":"Ikaga desu ka?","translation":"How are you?","reading":"いかがですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.004","source":"Genki desu.","translation":"I am fine.","reading":"げんきです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.005","source":"Kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this?","reading":"これわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.006","source":"Sore wa hon desu.","translation":"That's a book.","reading":"それわほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"Japanese Nouns\n\nInflection: Japanese nouns are not inflected.\n\nNumber: Japanese nouns do not have any distinction of plural forms like 'pen' or 'pens,' 'foot' and 'feet.' It is generally possible to determine what is meant by context.\n\nGender: Japanese nouns do not have masculine, feminine, and neuter genders.\n\nArticles: Japanese nouns are not preceded by articles such as 'a,' 'an,' or 'the' as in English."},{"section":2,"text":"Particles\n\nIn Japanese there is an important group of words called particles, which resemble English prepositions such as 'in,' 'on,' 'of,' 'at,' 'from,' etc., or conjunctions such as 'because,' 'but,' 'since,' etc., in that they show the relation of one word, phrase, or clause to another or connect different parts of a sentence. They are sometimes called postpositions, always come after words, and are pronounced almost as though they were suffixes. One of the beginner's faults in speaking Japanese is over emphasizing the pronunciation of particles. They should be pronounced with the preceding words without a pause between, but not loudly.\n\nKORE-WA hon desu. \"This is a book.\"\n\nWA is a particle that has no definite English equivalent. In most cases it serves to set off the topic of a phrase, clause, or sentence about which a statement is made. Words, phrases, or clauses followed by the particle WA are placed at the beginning of Japanese sentences. When difficulty is encountered in comprehending sentences, the device of temporarily translating WA as 'as for' helps to clarify their meaning."},{"section":3,"text":"Equational sentence\n\nAn equational sentence is used to identify or name things both animate and inanimate. It is essentially made up of two parts: the subject (general topic) and the predicate (a statement of what or whom the subject is).\n\nEquational sentence:\n\nSubject | Predicate\nKORE WA | NOUN DESU\n\nNote that the subject is followed by the particle WA, and that the predicate ends with a copula DESU.\n\nThe English verb 'to be' (is, are, am, etc.) acts as a copula connecting two parts of a sentence as a kind of equal sign.\n\nThis is a book. This = a book.\n\nI am a student. I = a student.\n\nIn Japanese DESU serves the same purpose.\n\nThe negative of DESU is DEWA ARIMASEN."},{"section":4,"text":"Interrogative Particle KA\n\nA Japanese sentence ending with the interrogative particle KA is a question. Any statement can be made into a question by adding KA.\n\nKORE WA HON DESU. \"This is a book.\"\n\nKORE WA HON DESU KA. \"Is this a book?\""}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Confirming and correcting objects · Dialogue 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A blackboard, a window, and a wall","paragraphs":["One person asks about classroom objects. The other confirms a blackboard, rejects a window, and identifies a wall.","*Kore wa kokuban desu ka* means \"Is this a blackboard?\" *Hai, sore wa kokuban desu* confirms it."]},{"title":"A rejected identification","paragraphs":["*Iie, sore wa mado dewa arimasen* means \"No, that's not a window.\" *dewa arimasen* rejects the identification.","*Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka* then asks what the object is."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.007","source":"Kore wa kokuban desu ka?","translation":"Is this a blackboard?","reading":"これわこくばんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.008","source":"Hai, sore wa kokuban desu.","translation":"Yes, that's a blackboard.","reading":"はいそれわこくばんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.009","source":"Kore wa mado desu ka?","translation":"Is this a window?","reading":"これわまどですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.010","source":"Iie, sore wa mado dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that's not a window.","reading":"いいえそれわまどでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.011","source":"Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then, what's this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L001.dlg.012","source":"Sore wa kabe desu.","translation":"That's a wall.","reading":"それわかべです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pictures, eyes and doors · Perception Drill 1","teaching":[{"title":"Naming a thing with desu","paragraphs":["*hai, e desu* means \"Yes, it is a picture.\" The noun *e* names the thing, and *desu* completes the identification.","The topic is what a sentence makes a statement about. In this line, *e desu* is the statement that identifies it."]},{"title":"A question at the end","paragraphs":["*e desu ka* means \"Is it a picture?\" The same identification becomes a question when *ka* stands at the end.","A particle shows how one part of a sentence relates to another. Here *ka* marks the question."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.001","source":"e","translation":"picture, drawing","reading":"え","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.001.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.002","source":"e desu ka?","translation":"Is it a picture?","reading":"えですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.002.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.003","source":"hai, e desu","translation":"Yes, it is a picture.","reading":"はいえです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.003.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.004","source":"me","translation":"eye","reading":"め","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.004.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.005","source":"me desu ka?","translation":"Is it an eye?","reading":"めですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.005.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.006","source":"hai, me desu","translation":"Yes, it is an eye.","reading":"はいめです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.006.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.007","source":"to","translation":"door","reading":"と","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.007.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.008","source":"to desu ka?","translation":"Is it a door?","reading":"とですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.008.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.009","source":"hai, to desu","translation":"Yes, it is a door.","reading":"はいとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.009.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.010","source":"te","translation":"hand","reading":"て","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Hands, chairs, ears and windows · Perception Drill 2","teaching":[{"title":"A question and an answer","paragraphs":["*isu desu ka* means \"Is it a chair?\" The sentence-final particle *ka* marks the question.","*hai, isu desu* means \"Yes, it is a chair.\" The noun with *desu* supplies the identification."]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.011","source":"te desu ka?","translation":"Is it a hand?","reading":"てですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.011.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.012","source":"hai, te desu","translation":"Yes, it is a hand.","reading":"はいてです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.012.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.013","source":"isu","translation":"chair","reading":"いす","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.013.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.014","source":"isu desu ka?","translation":"Is it a chair?","reading":"いすですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.014.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.015","source":"hai, isu desu","translation":"Yes, it is a chair.","reading":"はいいすです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.015.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.016","source":"mimi","translation":"ear","reading":"みみ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.016.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.017","source":"mimi desu ka?","translation":"Is it an ear?","reading":"みみですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.017.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.018","source":"hai, mimi desu","translation":"Yes, it is an ear.","reading":"はいみみです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.018.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.019","source":"mado","translation":"window","reading":"まど","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.019.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.020","source":"mado desu ka?","translation":"Is it a window?","reading":"まどですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Noses, walls and mouths · Perception Drill 3","teaching":[{"title":"Noses, walls, and mouths","paragraphs":["*kabe desu ka* means \"Is it a wall?\" The particle *ka* marks the question at the end.","*hai, kabe desu* means \"Yes, it is a wall.\" The answer omits *ka* and ends with *desu*."]}],"lines":[{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.021","source":"hai, mado desu","translation":"Yes, it is a window.","reading":"はいまどです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.021.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.022","source":"hana","translation":"nose","reading":"はな","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.022.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.023","source":"hana desu ka?","translation":"Is it a nose?","reading":"はなですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.023.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.024","source":"hai, hana desu","translation":"Yes, it is a nose.","reading":"はいはなです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.024.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.025","source":"kabe","translation":"wall","reading":"かべ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.025.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.026","source":"kabe desu ka?","translation":"Is it a wall?","reading":"かべですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.026.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.027","source":"hai, kabe desu","translation":"Yes, it is a wall.","reading":"はいかべです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.027.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.028","source":"kuchi","translation":"mouth","reading":"くち","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.028.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.029","source":"kuchi desu ka?","translation":"Is it a mouth?","reading":"くちですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.029.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.030","source":"hai, kuchi desu","translation":"Yes, it is a mouth.","reading":"はいくちです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Feet, paper, maps and books · Perception Drill 4","teaching":[{"title":"Feet, paper, and maps","paragraphs":["*ashi desu ka* means \"Is it a foot?\" The sentence ends with the question particle *ka*.","*hai, ashi desu* means \"Yes, it is a foot.\" The noun *ashi* with *desu* identifies it."]}],"lines":[{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.031","source":"ashi","translation":"leg, feet","reading":"あし","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.031.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.032","source":"ashi desu ka?","translation":"Is it a foot?","reading":"あしですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.032.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.033","source":"hai, ashi desu","translation":"Yes, it is a foot.","reading":"はいあしです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.033.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.034","source":"kami","translation":"paper","reading":"かみ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.034.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.035","source":"kami desu ka?","translation":"Is it paper?","reading":"かみですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.035.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.036","source":"hai, kami desu","translation":"Yes, it is paper.","reading":"はいかみです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.036.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.037","source":"chizu","translation":"map","reading":"ちず","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.037.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.038","source":"chizu desu ka?","translation":"Is it a map?","reading":"ちずですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.038.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.039","source":"hai, chizu desu","translation":"Yes, it is a map.","reading":"はいちずです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.039.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.040","source":"hon","translation":"book","reading":"ほん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.040.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Books, blackboards, floors and desks · Perception Drill 5","teaching":[{"title":"Objects in the classroom","paragraphs":["*kokuban desu ka* means \"Is it a blackboard?\" The particle *ka* turns the identification into a question.","*hai, kokuban desu* means \"Yes, it is a blackboard.\" The answer ends with *desu*."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.041","source":"hon desu ka?","translation":"Is it a book?","reading":"ほんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.041.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.042","source":"hai, hon desu","translation":"Yes, it is a book.","reading":"はいほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.042.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.043","source":"kokuban","translation":"blackboard","reading":"こくばん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.043.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.044","source":"kokuban desu ka?","translation":"Is it a blackboard?","reading":"こくばんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.044.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.045","source":"hai, kokuban desu","translation":"Yes, it is a blackboard.","reading":"はいこくばんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.045.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.046","source":"yuka","translation":"floor","reading":"ゆか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.046.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.047","source":"yuka desu ka?","translation":"Is it the floor?","reading":"ゆかですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.047.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.048","source":"hai, yuka desu","translation":"Yes, it is the floor.","reading":"はいゆかです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.048.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.049","source":"tsukue","translation":"desk","reading":"つくえ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.049.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.050","source":"tsukue desu ka?","translation":"Is it a desk?","reading":"つくえですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.050.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking what things are · Perception Drill 6","teaching":[{"title":"Asking what it is","paragraphs":["*nan desu ka* means \"What is it?\" *nan* asks for the noun that identifies the thing.","*kami desu* means \"It is paper.\" The noun *kami* with *desu* supplies the identification."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.051","source":"hai, tsukue desu","translation":"Yes, it is a desk.","reading":"はいつくえです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.051.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.052","source":"enpitsu","translation":"pencil","reading":"えんぴつ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.052.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.053","source":"enpitsu desu ka?","translation":"Is it a pencil?","reading":"えんぴつですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.053.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.054","source":"hai, enpitsu desu","translation":"Yes, it is a pencil.","reading":"はいえんぴつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.054.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.055","source":"nan desu ka?","translation":"What is it?","reading":"なんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.055.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.056","source":"nan desu ka?","translation":"What is it?","reading":"なんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.056.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.057","source":"kami desu.","translation":"It is paper.","reading":"かみです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.057.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.058","source":"nan desu ka?","translation":"What is it?","reading":"なんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.058.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.059","source":"hon desu.","translation":"It is a book.","reading":"ほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.059.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.060","source":"nan desu ka?","translation":"What is it?","reading":"なんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.060.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Naming classroom objects · Perception Drill 7","teaching":[{"title":"The topic comes first","paragraphs":["*kore-wa hon desu* means \"This is a book.\" The particle *wa* follows *kore* and marks it as the topic.","Word by word, the line is \"this, as for, book, is.\" The topic comes first, before the statement about it.","In *kore-wa hon desu*, say *wa* with *kore*. There is no pause, and *wa* is not louder than the other words."]}],"lines":[{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.061","source":"mado desu.","translation":"It is a window.","reading":"まどです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.061.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.062","source":"nan desu ka?","translation":"What is it?","reading":"なんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.062.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.063","source":"kokuban desu.","translation":"It is a blackboard.","reading":"こくばんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.063.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.064","source":"nan desu ka?","translation":"What is it?","reading":"なんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.064.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.065","source":"kabe desu.","translation":"It is a wall.","reading":"かべです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.065.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.066","source":"nan desu ka?","translation":"What is it?","reading":"なんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.066.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.067","source":"isu desu.","translation":"It is a chair.","reading":"いすです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.067.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.068","source":"nan desu ka?","translation":"What is it?","reading":"なんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.068.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.069","source":"mimi desu.","translation":"It is an ear.","reading":"みみです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.069.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.070","source":"kore-wa hon desu.","translation":"This is a book.","reading":"これわほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.070.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"This, that and over there · Perception Drill 8","teaching":[{"title":"Three distances","paragraphs":["*kore-wa kami desu* means \"This is paper.\" *kore* indicates a thing near the speaker.","*sore-wa enpitsu desu* means \"That is a pencil.\" *sore* indicates a thing near the person spoken to.","*are-wa chizu desu* means \"That over there is a map.\" *are* indicates a thing away from both people.","In these lines, each pointing word takes the topic particle *wa* before the identification."]}],"lines":[{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.071","source":"kore-wa kami desu.","translation":"This is paper.","reading":"これわかみです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.071.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.072","source":"sore-wa enpitsu desu.","translation":"That is a pencil.","reading":"それわえんぴつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.072.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.073","source":"sore-wa isu desu.","translation":"That is a chair.","reading":"それわいすです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.073.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.074","source":"are-wa chizu desu.","translation":"That over there is a map.","reading":"あれわちずです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.074.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.075","source":"are-wa mado desu.","translation":"That over there is a window.","reading":"あれわまどです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.075.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.076","source":"kore-wa hon desu ka?","translation":"Is this a book?","reading":"これわほんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.076.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.077","source":"hai, sore-wa hon desu.","translation":"Yes, that is a book.","reading":"はいそれわほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.077.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.078","source":"kore-wa enpitsu desu ka?","translation":"Is this a pencil?","reading":"これわえんぴつですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.078.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.079","source":"hai, sore-wa enpitsu desu.","translation":"Yes, that is a pencil.","reading":"はいそれわえんぴつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.079.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.080","source":"sore-wa mado desu ka?","translation":"Is that a window?","reading":"それわまどですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.080.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about near and far objects · Perception Drill 9","teaching":[{"title":"The same distance in the answer","paragraphs":["*are-wa kokuban desu ka* means \"Is that over there a blackboard?\" *are* indicates something away from both people.","*hai, are-wa kokuban desu* confirms the same distant object. The topic particle *wa* remains after *are*."]}],"lines":[{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.081","source":"hai, kore-wa mado desu.","translation":"Yes, this is a window.","reading":"はいこれわまどです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.081.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.082","source":"sore-wa chizu desu ka?","translation":"Is that a map?","reading":"それわちずですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.082.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.083","source":"hai, kore-wa chizu desu.","translation":"Yes, this is a map.","reading":"はいこれわちずです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.083.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.084","source":"are-wa kokuban desu ka?","translation":"Is that over there a blackboard?","reading":"あれわこくばんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.084.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.085","source":"hai, are-wa kokuban desu.","translation":"Yes, that over there is a blackboard.","reading":"はいあれわこくばんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.085.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.086","source":"are-wa to desu ka?","translation":"Is that over there a door?","reading":"あれわとですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.086.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.087","source":"hai, are-wa to desu.","translation":"Yes, that over there is a door.","reading":"はいあれわとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.087.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.088","source":"kore-wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this?","reading":"これわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.088.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.089","source":"sore-wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is that?","reading":"それわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.089.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.090","source":"are-wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is that over there?","reading":"あれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.090.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Identifying near and far objects · Perception Drill 10","teaching":[{"title":"What is this","paragraphs":["*kore-wa nan desu ka* means \"What is this?\" *kore* is the topic, and *nan* asks for its identification.","*sore-wa mimi desu* means \"That is an ear.\" The answer uses *sore* for the thing near the other person."]}],"lines":[{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.091","source":"kore-wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this?","reading":"これわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.091.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.092","source":"sore wa me desu.","translation":"That is an eye.","reading":"それわめです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.092.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.093","source":"kore-wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this?","reading":"これわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.093.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.094","source":"sore-wa mimi desu.","translation":"That is an ear.","reading":"それわみみです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.094.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.095","source":"sore-wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is that?","reading":"それわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.095.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.096","source":"kore-wa isu desu.","translation":"This is a chair.","reading":"これわいすです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.096.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.097","source":"sore-wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is that?","reading":"それわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.097.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.098","source":"kore-wa mado desu.","translation":"This is a window.","reading":"これわまどです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.098.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.099","source":"are-wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is that over there?","reading":"あれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.099.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.100","source":"are-wa chizu desu.","translation":"That over there is a map.","reading":"あれわちずです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.100.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what things are not · Perception Drill 11","teaching":[{"title":"Saying what a thing is not","paragraphs":["*kore-wa hon dewa arimasen* means \"This is not a book.\" *dewa arimasen* is the negative of *desu*.","The topic particle *wa* follows *kore*, and *dewa arimasen* follows the noun *hon*."]}],"lines":[{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.101","source":"are-wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is that over there?","reading":"あれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.101.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.102","source":"are-wa to desu.","translation":"That over there is a door.","reading":"あれわとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.102.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.103","source":"kore-wa hon dewa arimasen.","translation":"This is not a book.","reading":"これわほんでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.103.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.104","source":"sore-wa isu dewa arimasen.","translation":"That is not a chair.","reading":"それわいすでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.104.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.105","source":"are-wa mado dewa arimasen.","translation":"That over there is not a window.","reading":"あれわまどでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.105.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.106","source":"kore-wa kokuban desu ka?","translation":"Is this a blackboard?","reading":"これわこくばんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.106.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.107","source":"Iie, sore-wa kokuban dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not a blackboard.","reading":"いいえそれわこくばんでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.107.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.108","source":"kore-wa yuka desu ka?","translation":"Is this the floor?","reading":"これわゆかですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.108.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.109","source":"Iie, sore-wa yuka dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not the floor.","reading":"いいえそれわゆかでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.109.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.110","source":"sore-wa kabe desu ka?","translation":"Is that a wall?","reading":"それわかべですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.110.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rejecting object identifications · Perception Drill 12","teaching":[{"title":"A negative answer","paragraphs":["*are-wa e desu ka* means \"Is that over there a picture?\" The question asks about the distant topic.","*Iie, are-wa e dewa arimasen* means \"No, that over there is not a picture.\" *iie* gives the negative answer. *dewa arimasen* rejects the identification."]}],"lines":[{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.111","source":"Iie, kore-wa kabe dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, this is not a wall.","reading":"いいえこれわかべでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.111.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.112","source":"sore-wa kami desu ka?","translation":"Is that paper?","reading":"それわかみですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.112.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.113","source":"Iie, kore-wa kami dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, this is not paper.","reading":"いいえこれわかみでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.113.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.114","source":"are-wa e desu ka?","translation":"Is that over there a picture?","reading":"あれわえですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.114.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.115","source":"Iie, are-wa e dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that over there is not a picture.","reading":"いいえあれわえでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.115.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.116","source":"are-wa to desu ka?","translation":"Is that over there a door?","reading":"あれわとですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.116.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pc.117","source":"Iie, are-wa to dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that over there is not a door.","reading":"いいえあれわとでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pc.117.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Counting syllables in words · Pronunciation drill 1","teaching":[{"title":"One, two, and three syllables","paragraphs":["The drill groups words by syllable count and vowel sound. *ka* has one syllable, while *haha* has two.","*ishi* has two syllables, while *ishii* has three. The added *i* forms an additional syllable."]}],"lines":[{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.001","source":"ka, ta, na, ha","translation":"one-syllable words:","reading":"かたなは","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.001.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.002","source":"haha, kasa, hana, yama","translation":"two-syllable words:","reading":"ははかさはなやま","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.002.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.003","source":"yamaha, sakana, takara","translation":"three-syllable words:","reading":"やまはさかなたから","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.003.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.004","source":"i, ki, hi, chi, shi","translation":"one-syllable words:","reading":"いきひちし","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.004.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.005","source":"michi, shichi, ishi, ichi, imi","translation":"two-syllable words:","reading":"みちしちいしいちいみ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.005.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.006","source":"ishii, ibiki, hibiki","translation":"three-syllable words:","reading":"いしいいびきひびき","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.006.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.007","source":"u, bu, ku, su, zu","translation":"one-syllable words:","reading":"うぶくすず","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Syllable lengths across vowel sounds · Pronunciation drill 2","teaching":[{"title":"Syllables with u, e, and o","paragraphs":["The drill groups words with three vowel sounds by syllable count. *kutsu* has two syllables, while *sukumu* has three.","*o* has one syllable, *koko* has two, and *otoko* has three."]}],"lines":[{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.008","source":"kutsu, sumu, umu, kuru","translation":"two-syllable words:","reading":"くつすむうむくる","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.008.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.009","source":"sukumu, fukumu, yurumu, yurusu","translation":"three-syllable words:","reading":"すくむふくむゆるむゆるす","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.009.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.010","source":"e, ke, te, ne, me","translation":"one-syllable words:","reading":"えけてねめ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.010.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.011","source":"ete","translation":"two-syllable words:","reading":"えて","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.011.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.012","source":"o, to, ho","translation":"one-syllable words:","reading":"おとほ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.012.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.013","source":"koko, oto, soko, kono, sono, momo","translation":"two-syllable words:","reading":"ここおとそここのそのもも","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.013.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L001.pd.014","source":"otoko, otoso, koromo, tokoro, kodomo","translation":"three-syllable words:","reading":"おとこおとそころもところこども","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.pd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Objects and body words · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Nouns that do not change","paragraphs":["The words name objects and body parts. *e* means \"picture\" or \"drawing\", and *ashi* means \"leg\" or \"feet.\"","Japanese nouns are not inflected. They have no plural forms or grammatical gender. Articles such as \"a\", \"an\", and \"the\" do not precede them.","Context determines whether a noun such as *hon*, \"book\", refers to one or more."]}],"lines":[{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.001","source":"e","translation":"picture, drawing","reading":"え","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.001.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.002","source":"to","translation":"door","reading":"と","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.002.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.003","source":"te","translation":"hand","reading":"て","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.003.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.004","source":"me","translation":"eye","reading":"め","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.004.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.005","source":"isu","translation":"chair","reading":"いす","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.005.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.006","source":"mado","translation":"window","reading":"まど","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.006.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.007","source":"kabe","translation":"wall","reading":"かべ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.007.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.008","source":"kami","translation":"paper","reading":"かみ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.008.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.009","source":"ashi","translation":"leg, feet","reading":"あし","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.009.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.010","source":"yuka","translation":"floor","reading":"ゆか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.010.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.011","source":"hon","translation":"book","reading":"ほん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Classroom objects and pointing words · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Objects and pointing words","paragraphs":["The words include classroom objects and body parts. *chizu* means \"map\", and *mimi* means \"ear.\"","The pointing words distinguish distance. *kore* means \"this\" near the speaker, *sore* means \"that\" near the other person, and *are* means \"that\" away from both.","*nan* means \"what\" in a question."]}],"lines":[{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.012","source":"chizu","translation":"map","reading":"ちず","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.012.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.013","source":"mimi","translation":"ear","reading":"みみ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.013.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.014","source":"hana","translation":"nose","reading":"はな","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.014.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.015","source":"kuchi","translation":"mouth","reading":"くち","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.015.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.016","source":"kokuban","translation":"blackboard","reading":"こくばん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.016.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.017","source":"tsukue","translation":"desk","reading":"つくえ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.017.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.018","source":"enpitsu","translation":"pencil","reading":"えんぴつ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.018.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.019","source":"kore","translation":"this (thing), (near the speaker)","reading":"これ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.019.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.020","source":"sore","translation":"that (thing), (near the person spoken to)","reading":"それ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.020.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.021","source":"are","translation":"that (thing), (away from both the speaker and the person spoken to)","reading":"あれ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.021.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.022","source":"nan","translation":"what (for a question)","reading":"なん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions, negatives and greetings · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Greeting, asking, and answering","paragraphs":["The words cover greetings, questions, and answers. *Konnichi wa* means \"Hello.\" *Ikaga desu ka* means \"How are you?\"","*hai* means \"yes\", and *iie* means \"no.\" The question particle *ka* stands at the end of a sentence.","*desu* means \"is.\" Its negative *dewa arimasen* means \"is not.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.023","source":"desu","translation":"copula (is)","reading":"です","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.023.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.024","source":"ka?","translation":"(comes at the end of a sentence and indicates a question)","reading":"か","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.024.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.025","source":"dewa arimasen","translation":"--- is not","reading":"でわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.025.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.026","source":"dewa","translation":"then","reading":"でわ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.026.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.027","source":"hai","translation":"yes","reading":"はい","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.027.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.028","source":"iie","translation":"no","reading":"いいえ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.028.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.029","source":"Konnichi wa","translation":"Hello. Good day.","reading":"こんにちわ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.029.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.030","source":"Ikaga desu ka?","translation":"How are you?","reading":"いかがですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.030.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L001.w.031","source":"Genki desu.","translation":"I am fine.","reading":"げんきです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L001.w.031.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":5,"text":"Homework Assignment\n\n1 Memorize the dialogue.\n\n2 Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.\n\n3 Read the explanatory notes.\n\n4 Memorize the vocabulary.\n\n5 Practice reading and writing of HIRAGANA, a to go."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}